-

NAME:P.VENNELA
CLASS:G-12(BIPC)

Acknowledgement
I place my sincere thanks to my physics teacher Mr.Anil
Kumar sir for his guidance and advice to complete my work
successfully. I also thanks to our principle for providing me all
the facilities to finish the project on time.
I also take this opportunity to thank my parents for countless
blessing showered on me while doing the work and for
encouragement and support in my humble venture.
 COUNTENTS

SNO TOPICS PAGE NO

1 AIM 1
2 INTRODUCTION 2
3 APPARATUS 3
4 PAREPARATION 4
5 PROCEDURE 5
6 OBSERVATIONS 6
7 CONCLUSION 7
8 BIBILOGRAPHY 8
 INTRODUCTION
When a bar magnet is cut into two halves, both the
pieces act as a magnet with the same magnetic
properties, whereas when a solenoid is cut into two
halves, it will have weaker fields. The poles of the bar
magnet are fixed, whereas, for a solenoid, the poles
can be altered.
MAGNET:-
Magnet is a piece of iron of iron or other material
which has its component atoms so ordered that the
material exhibits properties of magnetism, such as
attracting other iron-containing objects or aligning
itself in an external magnetic field.
 They are basically classified into three types.
 They are paramagnetic,diamagnetic,ferromagnetic
 Types of magnets:-
SOLENOID:-
A solenoid is a device
comprised of a coil of wire,
the housing and a
moveable plunger
(armature).When an
electrical current is
introduced, a magnetic
field forms around the coil
which draws the plunger in. More simply, a
solenoid converts electrical energy into
mechanical work.
The main use of solenoid is an a switch for
power.They are used in inductors, valves,
antennas, etc. Its application is in varied fields
like medical, industrial use, locking system,
automotive, etc. it is used to control a valve
electrically.
By calculating the axial field of a finite
solenoid carrying current, a bar magnet cen
be demonstrated as a solenoid. Consider a
solenoid of radius and length 2i with n
number of turns per unit length that has
current I passing thougth solenoid.
considering a small element of thickness dx of
he solenoid at a distance x from o such that
op=r
DERIVATION:-
Magnetic field due to n turns at the axis of turns at the
axis of the solenoid
From the above expression ,
it is understood that the
magnetic moment of a bar
magnet is equal tothe
magnetic moment of a bar
magnet is equal to the
magnetic moment of a
solenoid.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BARMAGNET
AND SOLENOID:-
 The bar magnet is a permanent magnet, whereas a
solenoid is an electromagnet i.e., it acts as a magnet
only when an electric current is passed through.
 When a bar magnet is cut into two halves, both the
pieces act as a magnet with the same magnetic
properties, whereas when a solenoid is cut into two
halves, it will have weaker fields.
 The poles of the bar magnet are fixed, whereas, for a
solenoid, the poles can be altered.
 The strength of the magnetic field of a bar magnet is
fixed, i.e., unaltered, whereas the strength of the
magnetic field of a solenoid depends on the electric
current that is passed through it.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN BARMAGNET
AND SOLENOID:-
 Bar magnet and solenoid both have attractive and
directive properties, ie to align themselves along the
external magnetic field.
 The magnetic field at the axial point is the same for both.
 The magnetic moment is the same for both.
 HOW DOES A SOLENOID BEHAVE
LIKE A BAR MAGNET?
 A solenoid is a long coil of circular loops of
insulated copper wire. Magnetic field lines are
produced around the solenoid when a current is
allowed to flow through it. The magnetic field
produced by it is similar to the magnetic field of a
bar magnet.
 The field lines produced in a current-carrying
solenoid is shown in the above figure. When the
north pole of a bar magnet is brought near the end
connected to the negative terminal of the battery,
the solenoid repels the bar magnet.
 Since like poles repel each other, the end connected
to the negative terminal of the battery behaves as
the North Pole of the solenoid and the other end
behaves as the south pole.
 CONDUCLUSION
A solenoid behaves like a bar magnet when a current
is passed through it. it’s one end of behaves as
magnetic north pole and the other end as magnetic
south pole. like in a bar magnet, the field lines
emerge from one end and marge into another.