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Contents
Important Environment & Biodiversity Acts/Bodies ................................................................................................ 2

1 Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 ................................................................................................................. 2
2 Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) .............................................................................................. 2
3 Wild Life (Protection) Act of 1972 and Amendment, 1982 .................................................................................. 3
3.1 The Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2006 ....................................................................................... 3
4 Animal Welfare Board of India ............................................................................................................................. 4
5 Project Tiger – Tiger Conservation ....................................................................................................................... 4
6 Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980 ........................................................................................................................ 5
7 Biodiversity Act 2002 ............................................................................................................................................ 5
8 The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 ............. 6
9 National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 ....................................................................................................................... 7
10 Concept Check .................................................................................................................................................. 8
1|P a g e Q U E R Y ? H E L L O @ E D U T A P . C O . I N / 8 1 4 6 2 0 7 2 4 1
Important Environment & Biodiversity Acts/Bodies
1 Environment (Protection) Act of 1986
• In the wake of the Bhopal tragedy, the government of India enacted the Environment (Protection)
Act of 1986.
• The purpose of the Act is to implement the decisions of the United Nations Conference on the
Human Environment of 1972, in so far as they relate to the protection and improvement of the
human environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants
and property.
• The Act is an “umbrella” for legislations designed to provide a framework for Central Government,
coordination of the activities of various central and state authorities established under previous
Acts, such as the Water Act and the Air Act.
• In this Act, main emphasis is given to “Environment”, defined to include water, air and land and
the inter-relationships which exist among water, air and land and human beings and other living
creatures, plants, micro-organisms and property.
• “Environmental pollution” is the presence of pollutant, defined as any solid, liquid or gaseous
substance present in such a concentration as may be or may tend to be injurious to the
environment.
• “Hazardous substances” include any substance or preparation, which may cause harm to human
beings, other living creatures, plants, microorganisms, property or the environment.
Main Provisions -
• The Act empowers the center to “take all such measures as it deems necessary”.
• The Act explicitly prohibits discharges of environmental pollutants in excess of prescribed
regulatory standards.
• There is also a specific prohibition against handling hazardous substances except those in
compliance with regulatory procedures and standards.
2 Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)

• The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is the apex body constituted in the Ministry
of Environment and Forests under 'Rules for Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of
Hazardous Microorganisms/Genetically Engineered Organisms or Cells 1989', under
the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
• Aim of ‘Rules 1989’ is to protect environment, nature and health in connection with application
of gene technology and micro-organisms.
• These rules cover areas of research as well as large scale applications of GMOs and their products
including experimental field trials and seed production.
• The Rules 1989 also define the competent authorities and composition of such authorities for
handling of various aspects of the Rules.
3 Wild Life (Protection) Act of 1972 and Amendment, 1982

• In 1972, Parliament enacted the Wild Life Act (Protection) Act.
The Wild Life Act provides for:

1. state wildlife advisory boards,
2. regulations for hunting wild animals and birds,
3. establishment of sanctuaries and national parks,
4. regulations for trade in wild animals, animal products and trophies, and
5. judicially imposed penalties for violating the Act.
• Harming endangered species listed in Schedule 1 of the Act is prohibited throughout India.
• Hunting species, like those requiring special protection (Schedule II), big game (Schedule III), and
small game (Schedule IV), is regulated through licensing.
• A few species classified as vermin (Schedule V), may be hunted without restrictions.
3.1 The Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2006

The Act provides for creating:
1. National Tiger Conservation Authority and
2. Tiger and Other Endangered Species Crime Control Bureau (Wildlife Crime Control Bureau).
• NTCA was set up under the Chairmanship of the Minister for Environment and Forests.
Functions of NTCA
• The Authority lays down standards, guidelines for tiger conservation in the Tiger Reserves,
National Parks and Sanctuaries.
• It would provide information on protection measures including future plan for conservation.
• The Authority would facilitate and support tiger reserve management in the States through eco-
development and people's participation.
• State level Steering Committees will be set up in the Tiger States under the Chairmanship of
respective Chief Ministers. This has been done with a view for ensuring coordination, monitoring
and protection of tigers in the States.
• A provision has been made for the State Governments to prepare a Tiger Conservation Plan.
4 Animal Welfare Board of India

• Statutory advisory body advising the Government of India on animal welfare laws, and promotes
animal welfare in the country of India.
• It works to ensure that animal welfare laws in the country are followed; provides grants to Animal
Welfare Organizations; and considers itself "the face of the animal welfare movement in the
country."
• It was established in 1960 under Section 4 of The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.
• The subject of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is under Ministry of Environment and Forests.
Functions
• The board is highly concerned about “abuse of animals in research” and “cruelty involved when
animals were used in entertainment”.

• The Board oversees Animal Welfare Organizations (AWOs) by granting recognition to them if they
meet its guidelines.
5 Project Tiger – Tiger Conservation

• Indian tiger population at the end of the 20th century was estimated at 20,000 to 40,000
individuals.
• The first country-wide tiger census conducted in 1972 estimated the population to comprise a
little more than 1,800 individuals, an alarming reduction in tiger population.
• In 1973, Project Tiger was launched in the Palamau Tiger Reserve, and various tiger reserves were
created in the country based on a ‘core-buffer’ strategy.
• Tiger reserves are governed by the Project Tiger (1973).
• It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
• It is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority.
• Aim: Protect tigers from extinction by ensuring a viable population in their natural habitats.
6 Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980
• First Forest Act was enacted in 1927.
• Alarmed at India’s rapid deforestation and resulting environmental degradation, Centre
Government enacted the Forest (Conservation) Act in 1980.
• It was enacted to consolidate the law related to forest, the transit of forest produce and the duty
livable on timber and other forest produce.
• Forest officers and their staff administer the Forest Act.
• Under the provisions of this Act, prior approval of the Central Government is required for diversion
of forestlands for non-forest purposes.
• An Advisory Committee constituted under the Act advises the Centre on these approvals.
• The Act deals with the four categories of the forests, namely reserved forests, village forests,
protected forests and private forests.
Reserved forest: A state may declare forestlands or waste lands as reserved forest and may sell the
produce from these forests. Any unauthorized felling of trees quarrying, grazing and hunting in
reserved forests is punishable with a fine or imprisonment, or both
Village forests: Reserved forests assigned to a village community are called village forests.
Protected forests: The state governments are empowered to designate protected forests and may
prohibit the felling of trees, quarrying and the removal of forest produce from these forests. The
preservation of protected forests is enforcing through rules, licenses and criminal prosecutions.
7 Biodiversity Act 2002

• The legislation aims at regulating access to biological resources so as to ensure equitable sharing
of benefits arising from their use.
• The Biological Diversity Bill was introduced in the Parliament in 2000 and was passed in 2002.
Salient features:
• The main intent of this legislation is to protect India’s rich biodiversity and associated knowledge
against their use by foreign individuals and organizations without sharing the benefits arising out
of such use, and to check biopiracy.
• This bill seeks to check biopiracy, protect biological diversity and local growers through a three-
tier structure of central and state boards and local committees.
• The Act provides for setting up of a National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), State Biodiversity
Boards (SBBs) and Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) in local bodies. The NBA will
enjoy the power of a civil court.
• BMCs promote conservation, sustainable use and documentation of biodiversity.
• NBA and SBB are required to consult BMCs in decisions relating to use of biological resources.
8 The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition

of Forest Rights) Act, 2006
• Forest Rights Act, 2006 provides for the restitution of deprived forest rights across India.
• The Act provides scope of integrating conservation and livelihood rights of the people.
FRA is a tool
• To empower and strengthen the local self-governance
• To address the livelihood security of the people
• To address the issues of Conservation and management of the Natural Resources and
conservation governance of India.
For the first time Forest Rights Act recognizes and secures:
• Community Rights in addition to their individual rights.
• Right to protect, regenerate or conserve or manage any community forest resource which the
communities have been traditionally protecting and conserving for sustainable use.
• Right to intellectual property and traditional knowledge related to biodiversity and cultural
diversity.
• Rights of displaced communities & Rights over developmental activities.
Salient Features
• Nodal Agency for the implementation is Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA).
• This Act is applicable for Tribal and Other Traditional Forest Dwelling Communities.
• The Act provides for recognition of forest rights of other traditional forest dwellers provided they
have for at least three generations prior to 13.12.2005 primarily resided in and have depended on
the forests for bonafide livelihood needs.
• The maximum limit of the recognizing rights on forest land is 4 ha.
• National Parks and Sanctuaries have been included along with Reserve Forest, Protected Forests
for the recognition of Rights.
• The Act recognizes the right of ownership access to collect, use, and dispose of minor forest
produce by tribals.
• Minor forest produce includes all non-timber forest produce of plant origin, including bamboo,
brush wood, stumps, cane, tussar, cocoons, honey, wax, lac, leaves, medicinal plants and herbs,
roots, tubers and the like.
• The rights conferred under the Act shall be heritable but not alienable or transferable.
• As per the Act, the Gram Sabha has been designated as the competent authority for initiating the
process of determining the nature and extent of individual or community forest rights.
9 National Green Tribunal Act, 2010

• Act of the Parliament of India which enables creation of NGT to handle the expeditious disposal
of the cases pertaining to environmental issues.
• It was enacted under India's constitutional provision of Article 21, which assures the citizens of
India the right to a healthy environment.
• The specialized architecture of the NGT will facilitate fast track resolution of environmental
cases and provide a boost to the implementation of many sustainable development measures.
• NGT is mandated to dispose the cases within six months of their respective appeals.
Origin
• During the Rio de Janeiro summit of United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
in June 1992, India vowed the participating states to provide judicial and administrative
remedies for the victims of the pollutants and other environmental damage.
Members
• The sanctioned strength of the tribunal is currently 10 expert members and 10 judicial members
although the act allows for up to 20 of each.
• The Chairman of the tribunal who is the administrative head of the tribunal also serves as a judicial
member.
• Every bench of tribunal must consist of at least one expert member and one judicial member.
• The Chairman of the tribunal is required to be a serving or retired Chief Justice of a High Court or
a judge of the Supreme Court of India.
Jurisdiction
• The Tribunal has Original Jurisdiction on matters of “substantial question relating to environment”
(i.e., a community at large is affected, damage to public health at broader level) & “damage to
environment due to specific activity” (such as pollution).
• The term “substantial” is not clearly defined in the act.
• Notable orders: Ban on decade old Diesel vehicles at Delhi NCR. NGT cleared three-day World
Culture Festival (Art of Living) on the floodplains of the Yamuna in March but imposed a fine of Rs
5 crores as an interim compensation.
10 Concept Check
Q. Who of the following holds the chairmanship of National Tiger Conservation Authority?
(a) Prime Minister
(b) Minister of Home
(c) Vice-President of India
(d) Minister of Environment and Forests
(e) None of the above
Answer: D
Q. National Green Tribunal is a

(a) Statutory Body
(b) Executive Body
(c) Constitutional Body
(d) Regulatory Body
(e) None of the above
Answer: A
Our 6 step formula to become an RBI Manager | 30
Our 6-Step Formula to Become an RBI Manager

What is the 6-Step Formula?
Set a
clear goal #1
Always remember that when goals are vague, outcomes are vague. So does it mean that you
must set only 1 and clear goal of clearing the RBI Grade B examination? You may. Nothing wrong
with it. We, however, recommend following a Plan A and Plan B approach. And no, Plan B here
does not mean a backup career option! What it means is that you should design your Plan A and
Plan B exams in such a manner that 1) the preparation of your Plan A exam/s ‘must’ automatically
lead to atleast 80% preparation of Plan B exam/s and 2) when you are devoting time to study for
Plan B exam/s, it must automatically strengthen your preparation for Plan A exam/s.
For example – Let’s say your Plan A exam is to crack the RBI Grade B exam, what should be your
Plan B? The most ideal Plan B will be the SEBI Grade A exam. How? Because it checks both
points as explained above – preparation of RBI Grade B automatically leads to the preparation of
80% syllabus of SEBI Grade A and when you are devoting time to study anything for SEBI Grade
A, it is actually strengthening your preparation for RBI Grade B as well.
Understand
#2 the exam
The syllabus and previous year questions are like the 2 headlights of your car of preparation.
You miss one of these and your car will meet with an accident, let me guarantee you this right
here! The biggest blunder aspirants commit is that they do not define the scope of the syllabus
of the examination and prepare under the impression that anything and everything can be asked
in the examination which is even remotely related to the syllabus!
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Hell no! This is NOT the case. Download and print a copy of the syllabus and then do the same
for previous year questions. Go through the syllabus atleast 10 times and then go through the
previous year questions (year wise) and see for yourself what are the important topics and in
what depth they need to be studied for the examination. Believe me, more than 90% of the so-
called sincere aspirants do not do this.
Shortlist
Resources #3
Based on step 2, now is the time to shortlist your study sources. Once you prepare a list of the
resources you will follow, DO NOT get swayed by new material that keeps flooding the market
through social media platforms! Keep your head down and focus on completing your study
sources. Yes, once you are done with your sources, you can move to a secondary source but not
before that!
Design a
#4 Time Table
This is a very important step – you must design a time table for yourself. This time table is for
‘you’ and ‘you’ alone. Do not compare your timetable with others, some like studying early in the
morning, some like to burn the midnight oil, some can sit at a stretch for 6 hours, some study for
2 hours and take a break and then study again. Some study on all 7 days, some study for 5 days
and take a 2-day break. Whatever! The point is to have a timetable that ‘works’ for ‘you’. It is not
meant to earn a shower of praises from your parents, friends, or peers!

Develop
Consistency #5
Ah consistency! The ever-elusive thing! The secret to developing consistency is to make ‘micro
easy targets’. How? Let’s compare 2 situations. Student A makes a plan that he will study 8 hours
every day starting tomorrow and sets a goal for himself for the next day – cover 50 pages of
current affairs magazine, 20 pages of motivation theories from a book, 50 questions of ratio &
proportion and write 1 essay. He starts his day full of energy but towards the end of the day finds
himself in quite an uncomfortable position realizing that only 50% of the target has been
covered. He cannot sleep comfortably that night and gets up the next morning tired and
frustrated. Now he has to complete the pending tasks of Day 1 as well as cover whatever he
decided for Day 2 as well! Quite an uphill task, don’t you think?
On the other hand, Student B makes a plan that he will also study 8 hours a day and sets a goal
of completing 20 pages of current affairs magazine, 10 pages of motivation theories and 1 essay.
Now, this student will complete his target ahead of schedule and having done that feel elated,
joyful and full of confidence! This will lead to a good night’s sleep and hence even higher energy
for the next day!
This is how you make ‘micro’ and ‘easy’ targets and achieve them daily and move ahead with
consistency.
Develop
#6 Faith
Always think from your mind and feel from your heart. If you reverse this sentence, you will get
trapped in ‘emotions’. Being emotional isn’t bad at all, its good! Getting trapped in emotions is
what is bad! Once you complete steps 1-5, you will start to develop faith in yourself. Have a little
trust in your mentors as well, talk to them, mail them, get in touch and see how they can help
you!

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Contents

Important Environment & Biodiversity Acts/Bodies ................................................................................................ 2

1 Environment (Protection) Act of 1986

2 Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)

3 Wild Life (Protection) Act of 1972 and Amendment, 1982

The Wild Life Act provides for:

3.1 The Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2006

4 Animal Welfare Board of India

animals were used in entertainment”.

5 Project Tiger – Tiger Conservation

7 Biodiversity Act 2002

8 The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition

9 National Green Tribunal Act, 2010

Q. National Green Tribunal is a

Our 6-Step Formula to Become an RBI Manager

www.edutap.co.in +91 81462 07241 hello@edutap.co.in

www.edutap.co.in +91 81462 07241 hello@edutap.co.in

www.edutap.co.in +91 81462 07241 hello@edutap.co.in

Do you wish to dig in deep to know more about this

6-Step formula and how

To get all your answers:

www.edutap.co.in +91 81462 07241 hello@edutap.co.in

Our Legacy - Our Students

Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank

Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank

Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank

Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank

Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank

Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank

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Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank

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What Makes Us Different?

Mr. Anchit Mr. Deepak

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