13-09-2023

Bridge Course
Subject : Computer Fundamentals, MS Windows and MS Office tools
Subject Code : (BCS-104)
Date : 13.09.2023
Lecture : 01

By- Mr. Kamlesh Ahirwar [Assistant Professor]

IIMT College of Science and Technology

Table of Contents:
1. Computer
2. Basic input output unit.
3. Peripheral devices.
4. Storage devices.
5. CPU

Computer Fundamentals By Mr. Kamlesh Ahirwar, IIMT College of Science and Technology

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Computer
❑ A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of
arithmetic or logical operations (computation) automatically.
❑ Computer is an electronic device i.e. used to work with
information or compute.
❑ It is derived from the Latin word "computare" which means to
calculate.
❑ A computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts raw
data as input and processes it with a set of instructions (a
program) to produce the result as output.

Computer Fundamentals By Mr. Kamlesh Ahirwar, IIMT College of Science and Technology

Computer Components

There are 5 main computer components that are given below:

❑ Input Devices
❑ CPU
❑ Output Devices
❑ Primary Memory
❑ Secondary Memory

Computer Fundamentals By Mr. Kamlesh Ahirwar, IIMT College of Science and Technology

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Input Devices:
❑ A piece of equipment/hardware which helps us enter data into a
computer is called an input device.
❑ For example keyboard, mouse, etc

Output Device:
❑ A piece of equipment/hardware which gives out the result of the entered
input, once it is processed (i.e. converts data from machine language to a
human-understandable language), is called an output device.
❑ For example printer, monitor, etc.
Computer Fundamentals By Mr. Kamlesh Ahirwar, IIMT College of Science and Technology

Peripheral Devices:
❑ A peripheral device is an internal or external device that connects directly to a
computer or other digital device but does not contribute to the computer's
primary function, such as computing.
❑ It helps end users access and use the functionalities of a computer.
❑ Since it’s not a core device for the system, the computer can still function without
the peripheral, which simply provides extra functions.

Computer Fundamentals By Mr. Kamlesh Ahirwar, IIMT College of Science and Technology

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❑ A peripheral device provides input/output (I/O) functions for a computer and serves
as an auxiliary computer device without computing-intensive functionality.
❑ Peripheral devices connect with a computer through several I/O interfaces, such as
communications (COM), Universal Serial Bus (USB) and serial ports such as serial
advanced technology attachment (SATA) ones.

Computer Fundamentals By Mr. Kamlesh Ahirwar, IIMT College of Science and Technology

The basic parts

❑ Processor: It executes instructions from
software and hardware.

❑ Memory: It is the primary memory for

data transfer between the CPU and
storage.

❑ Motherboard: It is the part that connects

all other parts or components of a
computer.

Computer Fundamentals By Mr. Kamlesh Ahirwar, IIMT College of Science and Technology

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❑ Storage Device: It permanently stores the data,

e.g., hard drive.

❑ Input Device: It allows you to communicate with

the computer or to input data, e.g., a keyboard.

❑ Output Device: It enables you to see the output,

e.g., monitor.

Computer Memory
❑ Computer memory is any physical device, used to store data, information or instruction
temporarily or permanently.

❑ It is the collection of storage units that stores binary information in the form of bits.

❑ The memory block is split into a small number of components, called cells.
❑ Each cell has a unique address to store the data in memory, ranging from zero to memory
size minus one.

❑ For example, if the size of computer memory is 64k words, the memory units have 64 *
1024 = 65536 locations or cells.
❑ The address of the memory's cells varies from 0 to 65535.

Computer Fundamentals By Mr. Kamlesh Ahirwar, IIMT College of Science and Technology

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Need of Computer Memory

❑ In the computer system, we need computer memory to store various types of

data like text, images, video, audio, documents, etc.

❑ We can retrieve it when the data is required.

❑ For example, when we write and execute any computer program, it is initially
stored in primary memory.

❑ If the processor does not need particular items for a longer time, the program or
data is automatically saved into the permanent or secondary memory.

❑ Then the data is called from secondary memory to main memory and performs
the execution of codes.

Computer Fundamentals By Mr. Kamlesh Ahirwar, IIMT College of Science and Technology

Classification of Memory

Computer Fundamentals By Mr. Kamlesh Ahirwar, IIMT College of Science and Technology

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CPU

❑ The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer

that acts as its “control center.”
❑ The CPU, also referred to as the “central” or “main” processor, is a complex
set of electronic circuitry that runs the machine’s operating system and apps.
❑ The CPU interprets, processes and executes instructions, most often from the

hardware and software programs running on the device.

❑ The CPU performs arithmetic, logic, and other operations to transform data
input into more usable information output.
❑ While the CPU must contain at least one processing core, many contain
multiple cores.
❑ A server with two hexa-core CPUs, for example, will have a total of 12
processors.