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CONJUNCTION

I. SHOWING CONTRAST

Although
Even though + subject + verb + (complement).........
Though
Example :
 Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.
 Jane will be admitted to the university even though she has bad grades.
 Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
 She attended the class although she did not feel alert

Despite
In spite of + noun phrase

 Despite his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.


 In spite of his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman
 Jane will be admitted to the university despite her bad grades
 Jane will be admitted to the university in spite of her bad grad

II. SHOWING CAUSE-EFFECT

Due to (karena)
Because of (karena)
Owing to (karena) followed by noun/noun phrase
As a result of (akibat)
As a consequence (karena)

Example :
 I didn’t go to school due to the heavy rain.
 Karina got a reward because of her hard work
 Father couldn’t come home early owing to a sudden meeting.
 Tina was punished by her teacher as a consequence of her lateness.
 As a result of this pandemic, students are required to study at home.

Because (karena)
Since (karena)
As (karena) followed by verb/verb phrase
For ( karena)

Example :
 I couldn’t sleep because my brother watched football matches all night.
 I don’t go to the library since it is Sunday.
 As Tio took the wrong bus, he will come home late.
 Bobby had diarrhea for he ate a lot of spicy food.

I. Coose the word in the braclet for completing the sentences !


1. I woke up late this morning ……… I didn’t set my alarm (due to/ because)
2. My sister is crying …….. her hungry.( since/ as a result of)
3. I got a great score on my English test …………..I understand the material very well.
(because of/ for)
4. I got a fever ………. I got caught in the rain yesterday.(because/ owing to)
5. The teacher was angry ……….the students ‘s noisy. (because/ because of)
6. I couldn’t wake up early this morning ………. going to bed late.)because of/ since)
7. I need to go back to John’s house …….. the heavy rain.(due to/ for)

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