dks;yk vkSj isVªksfy;e = Coal & Petrolium

izkÑfrd lalk/u/Natural Resources

v{k; izkÑfrd lalk/u/ lekIr gksus okys izkÑfrd lalk/u/

z
Inexhaustible Natural Resources Exhaustible Natural Resources

 os lalk/u tks lekIr ugha gksaxs  os lalk/u tks ekuoh; fØ;kdykiksa

tSl&s ok;q (Air), Sunlight }kjk lekIr gks tk,axs tSl&s ou]
[kfut] dks;yk] isVªksfy;e
 Coal
1- yxHkx 300 fefy;u o"kZ iqoZ i`Foh ij fupys tyh; {ks=kksa esa ?kus ou
FksA ck<+ vkus ls ;s ou feV~Vh ds uhps nc x,A
2- buds mQij vf/d feV~Vh te tkus ls ;s compressed (laihfMr) gks x,A
3- tSls&tSls os xgjs ncrs x, mudkz rki Hkh c<+rk x;kA mPp nkc vkSj
rki ds dkj.k i`Foh ds Hkhrj e`r isM+ ikS/s /hjs&/hjs dks;ys esa rCnhy
gks x,A
4- e`r ouLifr ds dks;ys esa rCnhy gksus dks dkcZuhdj.k
(Carbonisation) dgrs gSaA
 dks;ys ds mRikn = Product of Coal

dksd@Coke

z
 ;g Carbon dk 'kq{e :i gSA
 Stell Manufacturing esa bldk bLrseky gksrk gSA
 dks;ys ds mRikn = Product of Coal

dksyrkj@Coal Tar  Block Thick Liquid gksrk gSA

 mi;ksx  Synthetic Dyes (la'ysf"kr jax)
 Drugs
igys Road Construction esa z
 Plastic
dksyrkj dk mi;ksx gksrk Fkk  Perfumes
ijarq vc Bitumin
z dk mi;ksx  Paint
fd;k tkrk gS tks Petrolium  Napthalene dh xksfy;k¡
Product gSA
 Coal - Gas
 dks;ys ls tc dksd cukrs gSa rks dksy xSl mRiUu gksrh gSA
 bldk bLrseky bZa/u ds :i esa gksrk gSA

Petrolium
z
 Petrolium dk fuekZ.k
 isVªksfy;e dk fuekZ.k leqnz esa jgus okys thoksa ls gqvk gSA
 tc tho e`r gq, rks ;s leqnz ds isans esa tkdj bdV~Bs gks x,
vkSj jsr dh feV~Vh dh rgksa }kjk
z <d fn, x,A
 yk[kks o"kksZa esa mPprki rFkk nkc ,oa ok;q dh vuqifLFkfr esa
thoksa dks Petrolium esa rCnhy dj fn;kA
 Refining of Petrolium = isVªksfy;e dk ifj"dj.k

 isVªksfy;e xgjs jax dk nzo gSA blesa <sj lkjs inkFkZ ik,
tkrs gSaA
 bUgsa Refining dh izfdz;k ls zvyx fd;k tkrk gSA
z
 Natural Gas
 bls High Pressure ij Compressed djds j[kk tkrk gS blfy,
bls CND dgrs gSaA
mi;ksx  de iznw"k.k vr% LoPN bZa/u
z
 Pipe Line ls lh/s ?kjksa esa igqapk;k tk ldrk gSA
 Fertilizer ds fuekZ.k esa
 Hkkjr esa f=kiqjk] jktLFkku] egkjk"Vª vkSj Ñ".kk&xksnkojh
MsYVk esa ik;h xbZ gSA
 ngu vkSj Tokyk = Combustion & Flame
ngu@Combustion

z
 inkFkZ Oxygen ls vfHkfØ;k djds m"ek nsrk gSA bls
ngu dgrs gSaA
TOkyk = Flame

z
 bZa/u n{krk = Fuel Efficiency

 1 kg Fuel ds ngu ls izkIr m"ek dks bZa/u n{krk

dgrs gSaA
 ek=kd = fdyks twy izfr zfdyksxzke (Kilojule Per kg)
KJ / Kg
z
 bZa/u ngu ds i;kZoj.kh; izHkko

 ftok'e bZa/u tyus ij dkcZu NksM+rs gSaA ;s dkcZu ds d.k

iQsiQM+s esa tek gks tkrs gSa vkSj 'olu jksx mRiUu djrs gSaA
 ftok'e bZa/u viw.kZ ngu ls Carbon-Monoxide xSl mRiUu
z
djrs gSa tks vR;Ur gkfudkjd gSA
 CO2 xSl fudyrh gS ftlls Xykscy okWfeZax gksrh gSA
 okguksa esa Mhty tyus ls SO2 rFkk N2 xSl fudyrh gS]
tks vEyo"kkZ dk dkj.k curh gSA
 &% iz'u %&

1- dhVksa dks Hkxkus okyh uSiFkhyhu dh xksfy;k¡ fuEufyf[kr esa

fdlls izkIr gksrh gSaA
(a) dksd z
(b) dksyrkj
(c) dksyxSl
(d) lh-,u-th-
 &% iz'u %&
2- fuEu esa ls dkSulk thok'e bZa/u gS\
1- dks;yk 2- isVªksfy;e 3- dksyxSl 4- lh-,u-th-
(a) dsoy 1 z
(b) dsoy 1] 2
(c) dsoy 1] 2] 3
(d) mi;qZDr lHkh
 &% iz'u %&

3- isVªksfy;e ds ifj"dj.k ls izkIr mRikn gSa&

1- fcVqfeu 2- dSjkslhu vkW;y
3- iSjkiQhu ekse 4- Lusgd rsy
z
lgh mÙkj pqusa&
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 4
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (d) mi;qZDr lHkh