COMBAT TRAINING AND TACTICS
INDIVIDUAL COMBAT TRAINING
I. Factors to be considered in movement:
A. Terrain:
- Suitable for fast movement
- Provide adequate security.
B. Security:
- Use available cover and concealment
- Provide good observation
- Knowledge of the use of camouflage & concealment
Techniques and aids to day movement:
Take advantage of anything that provide concealment
in the movement:
A. Fogs C. Rain
B. Haze D. Smoke
E. Darkness
Techniques and aids to day movement:
 
 Tall grasses give good concealment when
properly used.
 Move only when the wind blows.
 Avoid moving in a straight line through out.
 Change direction from time to time.
 Be alert on movement of any kind.
 Flight of birds of any kind
 Absence of bird and animals.
 Unusual rustle of leaves and twigs.
 Take advantage of destruction.
 When land moves.
 Exploding shells
 Flying airplanes
 Avoid leaving foot prints.
III. Individual movement.
A. Day movement:
Crawling and creeping
High crawl and creeping
 is used when cover and concealment is
available and speed is needed to close up with
the objectives.
A) Low crawl -
 Is used when cover and concealment are few
and speed is not needed. Body and chest is flat
to the ground
B) Rushing
 fastest movement executed from a prone to the
next dropping position when crossing an open
terrain.
C) Prone to rushing
 keep body as flat as possible to the ground.
Slightly raise head and select a new good
position and concealed to cover position
D) Dropping
 fall forward, breaking fall with the butt of the
rifle. Shift weight to your/right side and roll
several times going to your new position.
Movement at night:
1. Walking at night - keep weight on one foot as you
step. Feel the ground with your toe before stepping it
down. Do it alternately in the same manner.
2. Hitting the ground at night - crouch slowly and hold
rifle under armpit and fell the ground with free hand.
3. Crawling at night – keep on hand on the spot and
bring forward knees until it meets the hand. With
hands feel the ground for the knees. Clear again next
spot for other knees does the same way and alternately
and silently.
4. Sound – depends mostly upon ears to get into the
enemy and exercise care to keep enemy for hearing
you. When shouting stop frequently to listen.
5. Smell - sense of smell may warn you of any enemy
fire, cooking lines, gasoline and oil engines.
VI. PROBLEMS DURING NIGHT MOVEMENTS
1. Night vision – adopt eyes in seeing at night, by
enlarging the pupil of the eye in order to let in
more light keep out of lights around you and do
not look straight to the light.
2. Appearance and sizes - darkness changes the
appearance and sizes of an object.
3. Touch - learn to operate and adjust equipment
by touch alone. Use to feel how to recognize
object in the dark.
4. Concealment - At night it is provided by
darkness unless there is a moonlight.
 Movement is different from daytime movement
in absolute silence.
Fire and movement
V. COVER, CONCEALMENT AND CAMOUFLAGE
When a unit makes contact with the enemy, it normally
Cover - is the protection against enemy fire or hostile starts firing at and moving toward the enemy or move
weapons. away from the enemy. That technique is called fire and
Types of cover: movement.
A. Natural cover - made by nature/ need no change.
Ex: It is conducted either to close with and destroy the
 Ditches of canals enemy, or to move away from the enemy so as to break
 Depression contact with him.
 Embankment
 Boulders The fire element covers the move of the movement
element by firing at the enemy.
B. Artificial cover -constructed from issued materials or
made by man. If your team makes contact, your team leader should
Ex: tell you to fire or to move. He should also tell you where
 Sandbags to fire from, what to fire at, or where to move. When
 Foxholes moving, use the low crawl, high crawl, or rush.
 Trenches
Four (4) types of fire team formations:
Concealment - is the protection against enemy A. Column formation
observation but not 1) Permits rapid controlled movement.
2) Favors fire and maneuver to the flanks.
Types of concealment: 3) Vulnerable to fire from the front.
4) Provides the least amount of fire to the front.
Natural concealment - Made by matters/ need no
Change. B. Wedge
Examples: 1) Permits good control.
 Bushes 2) Provides all-security.
 Grasses 3) Formation is flexible.
 Log pile 4) Fire is adequate in all directions.

Artificial concealment - constructed from issued C.  Skirmishes (right/left)

materials or individual found in the vicinity. 1) Maximum firepower to the front.
2) Used when location and strength of enemy are
Rules of Concealment: known.

 Avoid unnecessary movement Squad formations

 
 Blend with the background A. Squad column
 The squad column is the squad most common
 Take advantage of the shadow formation.
 It provides good dispersion laterally and in
 Break the regular outline of the object. depth without sacrificing control, and facilitates
maneuver.
 Keep off the skyline.  The lead fire team is the base fire team.
Camouflage - is anything you use to keep yourself, your
equipment and your position from looking like what
they are. Both natural and man-made material can be
used for camouflage.
BASIC COMBAT FORMATIONS B. Squad line
  the squad line provides maximum firepower to
the front.
 When a squad is acting as the base squad, the
fire team on the right is the base fire team.
C. Squad file.
 Has the same characteristics as the fire team
file.
 If the squad leader desires to increase his
control over the formation, exert greater
morale presence by leading from the front.
 Additional control over the rear of the
formation can be provided by moving a team
leader to the last position.
PROTECTIVE MEASURES
PERSONAL HYGIENE AND SANITATION
Health Maintenance and Sanitary Practice
The rules of hygiene and sanitation are simple
and easy to follow.
 Always keep your body clean. Take a bath at
least once a day.
 Change your underclothing daily. Inspect them
for lice, fleas or other bugs that may keep you
itchy.
 Change socks immediately after they get wet to
avoid getting colds, athlete’s foot and other
illnesses.
 Brush your teeth at least twice a day, preferably
after waking up and before going to bed.
 Always wash your hands with soap and water
after duty, after engaging exercise, before
eating and after coming out from the comfort
room.
 Use only your own eating and drinking utensils
if possible.
 Use mosquito net when mosquitoes and other
flying insects are present.
 Never drink water from any untreated source
until it has been declared safe for drinking.
 Relieve yourself on an area which is designated
as the head area.
Measures to protect and improve health
responsibility for military sanitation.
The rules of cleanliness and sanitation should be
followed.
1. When pulling up camps, build them around a
sanitary plan. Make provision for sanitation
requirements.
2. Purify drinking water, when water source is a stream
or a river, mark separate water points for washing,
cooking and human consumption. Of course, in case of
tactical camps, these watering points must be well
secured against enemy.
3. Locate and construct heads and urinals away from
the galley, mess hall and water supply but not too far
from the living areas.
First aid – is an immediate and temporary care given to
a victim of an accident or sudden illness before the
services of a physician is obtained.
Objectives of first aid
1. To save life
2. To prevent further injury
3. To preserve vitality & resistance to infection
First Aid Rules
1. First, check for danger and then check for
responsiveness.
2. Do not move injured victim unless it is necessary. If
necessary to move a casualty, seek assistance and
handle gently.
3. Keep the victim lying down with his head level with
his feet while being examine.
4. Keep the victim warm and comfortable. Remove
enough clothing to get a clear idea to the extent of the
injury.
“HURRY CASES” in First Aid
 Stoppage of Breathing
Critical time is four minutes to restore the victim to
normal before brain damage take place.
Management of the Casualty:
Clear the airway. Inflate the lungs
with five quick breaths (proceed to CPR)
 Severe Bleeding
Bleeding and hemorrhage mean the same thing that
blood is escaping from arteries, capillary vessels or
veins.
Types of Hemorrhage
1. Arterial Bleeding – Blood from an open artery.
2. Venous Bleeding – Blood from an open vein. The
color of the blood is dark red. The blood escapes in a
slow steady flow.
 Fracture
3. Capillary Hemorrhage – Blood from damage  is a break in the continuity of the bone
capillaries. Kinds of Fracture

Controlling External Bleeding  Open (compound) fracture – Bone has broken

through skin.
Direct pressure- Digital pressure (pressure points)  Closed (simple) fracture – Skin has not been
Compress and Bandage penetrated on both ends
Splinting
Ligation– tying  Splinting – a device to immobilize an injured
Torsion – twisting part of the body.
Elevate the injured part to Burns and Scalds
Lessen the flow of blood.  is an injury that results from heat, chemical
Indirect pressure – Tourniquet agent or radiation. It may vary in depth, size
and severity.
Poisoning  Scalds - is a burn caused by a liquid.
Classification of Burns Depth
a. Swallowed – Antidote is to dilute with water or milk (a) First Degree – The outer skin is reddened and
to lessen the concentration of the poison. Milk coats welted or slightly swollen.
the lining of the intestines. (b) Second Degree - The under skin is affected and
b. Inhaled – Proper ventilation at once (open air). blisters are formed.
c. Contacted poison – Wash with soap and water. Bath (c) Third Degree - The skin is destroyed and tissues
soap is recommended. underneath are damaged
Fainting
Snake Bite  Fainting is loss of consciousness caused by a
Immediately expose the wound then remove clothing, temporary reduction of the blood supply to the
remove shoes, remove casualty’s jewelry and place it in brain
casualty’s pocket. BASIC WEAPONS TRAINING

Non-poisonous M16 5.56mm RIFLE

Four to six rows of teeth  Parts and Characteristics
No fang marks on victim
1. Air-cooled – natural ventilation
Poisonous 2. Gas Operated – weapons that uses the pressure of
Two rows of teeth - Two fangs which create puncture the expanding gases to move the bolt through a as
wound cylinder.
Signs and Symptoms 3. Magazine fed – box type
- short – 20 rds
Less than one hour - long – 30 rds
 Headache - Vomiting 4. Shoulder and hiP weapon – it is a weapon fired from
 Transcript faintness, confusion, unconscious the shoulder or hip.
One to three hours after. 5. Semi-automatic and automatic mode – the weapon
 Dropping eyelids -Double vision (Diplopia) by changing the setting of the selector lever can be
 Difficulty in swallowing- Enlarged lymph made to fire either in automatic or semi-automatic
 glands mode
 Abdominal pain -Dark urine
 Rapid pulse -Hemorrhage
Shock
 is a condition in which there is insufficient blood
I the circulation to fill the blood vessels? As a
result, the tissue does not receive enough
oxygen to maintain life and there is extreme
body weakness or physical collapse
GUN DATA 5. Provided with bayonet lug – for the attachment of
1.Weights: bayonet or grenade launcher.
1 6. Provided with spindle valve – to control the use of
a. Rifle without magazine and sling - 6.5 lbs gases to operate the rifle.
b. Empty magazine aluminum - .2 lbs
c. Full magazine (20 rds) - .7 lbs GUN DATA
d. Sling M1 - .4 lbs 1. Length of rifle (overall) w/ flash
e. Firing weight (fully loaded with sling) - 7.6 lbs suppressor - 44.3
f. Bipod - .6 lbs 2. Weight of M14 with full magazine - 9.5 lbs
g. Bayonet-knife M7 - .6 lbs - w/o fully load magazine - 8 lbs
h. Scabbard M8A1 - .3 lbs - w/ empty magazine - 8.5 lbs
3. Weight of empty magazine - .5 lbs
2.Lengths: 4. Weight of full magazine
a. Rifle with Bayonet - 44.25 in w/ ball ammunition - 1.5 lbs
b. Rifle overall with flash suppressor 5. Muzzle velocity - 2,800 fps
-39 in 6. Cyclic rate of fire - 750 rds/min
c. Barrel - 21 in 7.Maximum effective range
Barrel w/o suppressor - 20 in (semi-auto w/o bi-pod) - 460 meters
8.Maximum effective range
(semi-auto w/ bi-pod) - 700 meters
3. Sights 9. Maximum effective range (auto w/ bi-pod) - 460
a. Front adjustable, click type post. Each click is meters
equal to 2.8 centimeters per 100 meters of 10. Maximum range - 3,725 meters
range.
b. Rear-adjustable flif-type. Normal range setting HAND GRANADES
is for 0 to 300 meters, long range setting (L) 300 In the middle of the 17th century, selected soldiers, then
to 500 meters. Each notch of the windage drum called “grenadiers”, were using the grenade with fatal
equals 2.8 centimeters for every 100 meters of effects.
range. On a weapons set for battle sight of 250 Sometime later, particularly in the 20th century,
meters fllif to long range aperture weapon is attacking troops found the grenade to be an essential
then zeroed to 290-375 meters. weapon. It was discovered to be effective in clearing
c. Sign rapid - 19.75 in enemy at short ranges.
Grenades are further classified as explosive,
4. Operation Characteristics chemical, and practice. Explosive grenades, which
a. Cyclic rate of fire - 700 – 8– rds per min produce fragmentation or blast, are primarily used for
b. Muzzle velocity - 3,250 fps anti-personnel, harassing, incendiary, smoke-screening,
c. Maximum range - 2,653 meters or signaling purposes.
d. Maximum effective range - 460 meters
e. Maximum rate of fire: TWO (2) BASIC TYPES OF GRENADES
1. the hand grenade is thrown away and fitted with a
1) Semi-automatic - 45 – 65 rds per min delayed action fuse. For explosive grenades, the delay
2) Automatic - 150 – 200 rpm is about 4.5 seconds. The fuse of a chemical grenade,
3) Sustained rate of fire - 12 – 15 rpm on the other hand, has a delayed action of 2 seconds
and usually burns rather than explodes. Launched
M14 7.62mm RIFLE grenades have instant fuses.
1. Air-cooled – natural ventilation 2. The launched grenade is fired from a launcher and
2. Gas Operated – weapons that uses the pressure of most likely to be either the anti-personnel explosive
the expanding gases to move the bolt through a gas type, with fragmentation warhead, or high explosive
cylinder. anti-tank one. The latter’s shaped charge warhead is
3. Magazine fed – box type very effective against armor.
- short – 20 rds
- long – 30 rds
4. Shoulder weapon

MARKMANSHIP
 is skillful art of shooting with a rifle and hitting
the target at a given or known distance. You
must first be able to assume the correct firing
positions, which will make you and your rifle a
single steady unit. Secondly, you must know
how to correctly align your rifle with the target
and fire the weapon without disturbing this
alignment.
Fundamentals of Firing
 A soldier's development of good marksmanship
skills is generally based on how well he masters
the two principles of: proper aiming and
keeping proper and steady hold of the rifle.
Understand and master these basic principles of
good rifle marksmanship
PRINCIPLES OF GOOD RIFLE MARKMANSHIP
1. PROPER AIMING - In aiming, the firer must concern
himself on how to correctly point his rifle so that his
projectile will hit the target when he fires.
Elements of correct
Sight picture:
 Sight Alignment
 Placement of aiming point
2. KEEPING PROPER AND STEADY HOLD. By assuming
proper hold of the rifle, the firer is able to steadily hold
the weapon, when he aligns the sights and when he
fires the weapon.
8 FACTORS
 Left Hand Grip
 Rifle Butt in the Pocket of
the Shoulder
 Right Hand Grip.
 Right Elbow Placement.
 Constant Stock Weld.
 Breathing.
 Relaxation.
 Trigger Control
C. RIFLE FIRING POSITIONS
 In combat situations, a soldier should be able to
assume the steadiest possible firing position,
which can provide him observation of the target
area and some cover and concealment. Due to
the fast-changing situations in the battlefield,
he must be able to fire his rifle effectively from
different firing positions at deferent ranges.
STEPS IN RIFLE FIRING POSITION
Prone Position
 Step One – Stand at ready position facing
your target with left foot slightly forward.
 Step Two – Drop to your knees as you
hold your rifle securely.
 Step Three – Slowly drop to the ground.
 Step Four – Hit the ground with your left
elbow as far right and forward as possible
so that it will be directly under the
rifle when your position is completed.
 Step Five – Place the butt of the rifle on
your shoulder and press your check
against the stock.
 Step Six – Keep your feet well apart
for stability.
Kneeling Position
 Step One – Stand at ready position facing the
target with your left slightly forward.
 Step Two – Drop to your right knee with your
right leg parallel to the target.
 Step Three – Sit back on your heel while holding
your foot upright. You may also sit on the side
of your right foot flat on the ground. so it will be
directly under the rifle when position is
completed.
 Step Five – Place the rifle butt on your shoulder
and press your cheek against the stock and
maintain constant spot-weld.
 Step Six – Grasp the pistol grip, with right hand
in the line with your shoulder and ball of your
finger on the trigger.
Standing Position firing
 Step One – Stand at ready position with your
feet at a comfortable distance apart, to ensure
perfect balance. Also, distribute your weight
equally on your both feet.
 Step Two – Place the rifle butt on our shoulder
while holding your left arm under the rifle in the
most comfortable and balanced position. Your
left hand should be grasping the upper hand
guard, slightly forward at the balance of the
rifle.
 Step Three – Grasp the pistol grip with the ball
of our finger on the trigger. Keep your elbow in
line or above your shoulder.
 Step Four – When in standing position, always
keep your body erect
TRIANGULATION
 It is a method in pre-marksmanship training
wherein a shooter is taught of proper sight
alignment of his rifle with respect to his target.
This method is usually done during dry firing. A
shooter must master this method to assure that
he will hit his target with accuracy and
precision. Following are the basic steps in
triangulation.
COACH AND PUPIL TECHNIQUES
 The assigned assistant to individual firer during
firing serves as the coach and provide him the
most needed materials like magazines,
ammunitions and target papers. The coach also
serves as the firer’s adviser whether he is hitting
or not on his target. The coach also reminds the
firers about range safety.
DRILLS AND CEREMONIES
INTRODUCTION
DRILL – consist of certain movements by which a unit or
individual are move in orderly, uniform manner from
one place to another. Movements are executed in
unison and with precision.
CEREMONIES – are formation and movements in which
a number of troops execute movements in unison and
with precision just as in drill; however, their primary
value is to render honors, and stimulate esprit de corps
DRILL TERMS AND DEFINITION
1. ALIGNMENT – a straight line upon which several
elements or terms are formed. It is the dressing of
elements upon a straight line. A unit is aligned when it
is dressed.
2. ARMS SWING – the swinging of arms must be 6
inches straight to the front and 3 inches straight to the
rear of the trouser seams, with knuckles out facing
forward and fingers formed into a fist with the thumb
over the forefinger.
3. BASE – is the element on which a movement is
regulated. For instance, in executing right front into
line, the leading squad is the base.
4. CADENCE – is the uniform rhythm in which a
movement is executed. Drill movements which are
normally executed at the cadence of quick time.
 SLOW TIME – is the cadence at a rate of
60 counts or steps per minutes. It
usually used during funeral march.
 QUICK TIME – is the cadence of 120
counts or steps per minutes
 DOUBLE TIME – is the cadence of 180
counts or steps per minutes
5. CENTER – the middle point or element of a
command. In platoon of three squads in line, the second
from the right is the center.
6. COLUMN – a formation in which the elements are
placed one behind another.
7. COVER – is an aligning yourself directly behind the
man to your immediate front while maintaining a
correct distance
8. Depth – is the space from front to rear of any
formation or position. This includes the front and rear
elements. The depth of a man is assumed to be 12
inches.
9. Distance – is the space when the elements are one
behind the other.
(1) Distance between units varies with the
size of the formation
(2) Distance between the individual is an
arm’s length to the front plus 6 inches measured from
the chest of one man to the back and the man
immediately to his front.
10. ELEMENTS – is an individual, squad, section,
platoon, company, or larger unit forming as part of the
next higher unit.
11. EYES RIGHT – The direction of the face during the
eyes right should be 45 degrees to the right side.
12. FLANK – flank’s right or left of any formation as
sensed by a element within that formation.
13. FILE – two men, the front-rank man and the
corresponding man of the rear rank. The front-rank man
is the leader. A file, which has no rear rank man, is not a
file. The term file applies also to a single man in a single
rank formation. It is a single column of men one behind
the other.
14. FORMATION – is the arrangement of elements of a
unit in line, in column or any other prescribed manner.
• LINE FORMATION – is a formation in
which the elements are side by side or
abreast of each other,
• COLUMN FORMATION – is a formation
in which the elements one behind the
other.
15. FRONT – is the direction in which a command faces
16. FRONTAGE – the space occupied by an element
measured from one flank to the opposite flank. The
frontage of a man is assumed to be 22 inches, measured
from the right to the elbow and therefore does not
include 12 inches between all men in line. The frontage
of a squad, however, includes the intervals between
men.
17. GUIDE – the man with whom the command or
element thereof regulates its march.
18. HEAD – the leading elements of a column. To
understand this definition, one must remember that an
element is a file squad, company or larger body forming
a part of still another larger body.
19. INTERVAL– is the lateral space between elements
on the same line. An interval is measured between
individuals from shoulder to shoulder, and between
formations, from flank to the flank.
 Normal Interval– is the lateral space
between men measured from right to
left by the men on the right holding his
left arm shoulder high, finger touching
the right shoulder of the man to his left.
 Close Interval– is the lateral space
between men measured from right to
left by the man on the right placing the
heel of his left hand on his left hip even
with the belt lane, fingers and thumb
joins and extended downward with his
body and touching the arm of the man
to his left.
 Double Interval– is the lateral space
between men, measured from right to
left by raising both arms shoulder high
with the fingers extended and joined
(palms down) so that the fingertips acre
touching the fingertips of the man to
the right and left.
20. LEFT/RIGHT – the left/right extremity or element of
a larger body or troops.
21. LINE – a formation in which the different elements
are abreast. The expression “abreast of each other”
means on the same line.
22. OBLIQUE – an angle between 0 and 45 degrees.
(Right/left oblique – march is at an angle of 45 degrees.
23. PIECE – the term piece as used in this text means
the rifle or automatic rifle.
24. POST– is the correct place for the officer to stand in
a prescribed formation.
25. RANK – is a line which is only one element in depth.
26. STEP – is the prescribed distance measured from
heel of a marching man. A step maybe any prescribed
number of inches. The half step and back step are 15
inches. The right step and left step are 12 inches. The
steps in quick and double time are 30 and 36 inches
respectively
ARRIVAL HONOR
 When the honoree is approaching, HGC
commands his staff “MGA PINUNO HANDA
DALA, KALIS”, faces about and command the
troops “BALANGAY, HUMANDA”
 When the honoree and host step at the dais,
HGC command the troops “TANGHAL, TA”
 HGC commands his staff “MGA PINUNO,
TANGHAL TA”
 HGC and staff execute “BABA, TA” after the last
note of the music.
 HGC command his staff “MGA PINUNO HANDA
DALA, KALIS”
 HGC faces the troops and commands “BABA,
TA”
 HGC salutes and report to the honoree,
“GINOO, HANDA NA PO ANG TANOD
PANDANGAL UPANG LIBUTIN”
 At six steps from the colors, the HGC command
“GINOO, ANG MGA WATAWAT, TANGHAL, TA”
 HGC execute present sword
 At three steps past the colors, the HGC
command “BABA, TA”
 When the honoree and host step at the dais,
HGC commands “TANGHAL, TA” to the troops.
HGC commands “TANGHAL, TA” to his staff and
waits for the honoree to acknowledge the
salute.
 HGC commands his staff “BABA, TA”, “MGA
PINUNO HANDA DALA, KALS”
 HGC commands the troops “BABA, TA”
 HGC face about, salutes the honoree “GINOO,
TAPOS NA PO ANG PARANGAL”
 At the command “MANGYARING LUMAPIT KA”
by the honoree the HGC sheaths his sword and
 approach the honoree at approximately 2
paces.
 Upon return, the HGC face about and draw his
sword and convey the thanks extended by the
honoree to the troops
 HGC commands the troops “BABA, TA”
 HGC face about, salutes the honoree “GINOO,
TAPOS NA PO ANG PARANGAL”
 At the command “MANGYARING LUMAPIT KA”
by the honoree the HGC sheaths his sword and
approach the honoree at approximately 2
paces.
 Upon return, the HGC face about and draw his
sword and convey the thanks extended by the
honoree to the troops
CEREMONIAL PARADE
 Organization: (Battalion Size: Two (2)
Companies with two (2) platoons per company
with platoon guides
 Initially, the parading elements shall be formed
at the right side of the grandstand. Battalion
formation shall be either Company in column
with platoons in column or Company abreast
with platoons in column.
 Troop Commander with staff form at the right
side of the grandstand
 Troop ADJ initially positioned at the left side of
the grandstand at parade rest facing the line of
troops
 As soon as the GOH has positioned himself at
the grandstand the TA at carry swords move
and positioned himself at 3 paces between the
band and marker of “A” Company at 1 step
facing along the line of the troops.
 TA directs “IHUDYAT ANG PAGHAHANDA”.
 Band immediately sounds ATTENTION CALL.
 Ranking COY Commander commands
“TALUPAD, HUMANDA” just after the sound of
attention call then gives “SA KANANG BALIKAT,
TA”.
 The Troop Commander and staff (less adjutant)
come to attention at the same time with the
troops at the company “TALUPAD, HUMANDA”
by the “A” COY Commander.
 TA directs “IHUDYAT ANG TAWAG ADYUTANTE”
 Ranking COY Commander commands
“PASULONG”.
 Band immediately sounds ADJUTANTS CALL
followed by a march music
 Ranking COY commander gives “KAD” just
before the first beat of the march music
(at the first beat of the music, left foot should
strike first)
 The Troop Commander and staff (less adjutant)
step off at the same time with “A” Coy at the
first beat of the music following the Adjutant
call
 The COY Commanders command “LIKO SA
KALIWA, NA” while marching into the line of the
troops.
 The COY Commanders command “KALIWANG
PANIG, NA” when the troops are perpendicular
with their markers.
 The Platoon Guides execute double time at this
command with predetermined number of steps
and halted at order arms facing the Adjutant.
 The COY Commanders command “BALANGAY,
TO” one after the other and halted at the same
time.
 The COY Commanders command “BABA, TA”
one after the other
 The PLs will proceed to their position after the
command “BABA, TA”.
 The COY Commanders will execute about face
simultaneously.
 The TA commands, “A BALANGAY” (After the
COY Commander faces front) and trots,
positions himself midway between the line of
the troops and the TC.
 COY Commanders face about simultaneously
upon hearing the command “A BALANGAY” and
command “TUNTUN SA KANAN”.
 PLs face about simultaneously upon hearing the
command “TUNTUN SA KANAN” by the COY
Commanders and also commands “TUNTUN SA
KANAN, NA”.
 PLs then proceed by the most direct route to
1st SQD of their respective PLTNS one step to
right of the 1st SQD LDR facing the band halt
and execute about face. The last PLTN LDR of
the 2nd COY will proceed by the most direct
route to the left of his platoon, one step to the
left of the last element of the 1st squad facing
the band.
 PLs orders “TATAG” to each squad they align
 The last PL after shouting “TATAG” (prolonged)
will take 2 right step and 2 left steps then halt,
execute left face (right face for the other PLs)
then commands “HANDA RAP” then “TUMAKIP”
or “COVER” and proceed by the most direct
route to their respective markers in front and
center of their platoon.
 The COY Commanders face about
simultaneously.
 The TA direct the COY Commanders to give the
command “MGA GABAY SUMALUNAN”
 The COY Commanders give the command “MGA
GABAY SUMALUNAN” one after the other
 The Guides execute simultaneously and position
himself aligning to the base of the squad.
 The TA directs the COY Commanders to
command “TIKAS PAHINGA”
 The COY Commanders execute about face
simultaneously and command “TIKAS,
PAHINGA” one after the other
 TA commands “IHUDYAT” when the troops are
in parade rest.
 TA together with the Troop CDR and his staff
comes to “TIKAS, PAHINGA”
 Band play sound off followed by marching
music moves forward then columns left passing
between the ADJ and the troops and counter
marches at the end of the last element the
march toward their former position.
 After the last note of “sound off” troop ADJ
together with the Troop CDR and his staff
comes to attention
 The TA directs the COY Commanders to give the
command “MGA BALANGAY HUMANDA AT
TANGHAL SANDATA”.
 The COY Commanders execute about face
simultaneously and command “BALANGAY,
HUMANDA”…. “TANGHAL, TA” one after the
other.
 After giving the command, the COY
Commanders will face about simultaneously
facing front and execute present arms
 TA faces front and executes present arms.
 The Battalion Commander and staff executes
“PUGAY KAMAY, NA” on the first note of the
music.
 After the last note of “sound off” TA together
with the Battalion Commander and his staff
comes to attention
 The Battalion Commander and Staff execute
“BABA KAMAY, NA” after the last note of the
music
 The TA direct the COY Commanders to give the
command “BABA, SANDATA”
 The COY Commanders give the command
“BABA,TA” one after the other.
 The TA will report to Battalion Commander
“GINOO, HANDA NA PO ANG PATIKAS”.
 The Battalion Commander return the salute and
command “SUMALUNAN KA”.
 The TA trot to his position.
 The Battalion Commanders command to his
staff “MGA PINUNO ANTABAY BUNOT, KALIS”.
 The Battalion Commanders command
“HUMANDA SA PAGSASANAY SA PAGHAWAK
NG SANDATA”.
 The line officers will execute carry
sword/guidon bearers carry the guidon during
the manual of arms
 The Battalion Commanders will give the
following command:
“SA KANANG BALIKAT, TA”
“KALIWANG BALIKAT, TA”
“AGAP, TA”
“BABA, TA”
“SIYASAT, TA”
“AGAP, TA”
“BABA,TA”
 The Battalion Commander direct the TA
“TANGGAPIN ANG ULAT”.
 TA trots to his position and directs: “MAG-
ULAT”
 COY Commanders salutes and reports “GINOO,
BALANGAY, NARITO PO LAHAT O NAPAG-
ALAMAN” one after the other.
 TA will return the salute and face about and
report: “GINOO, BALANGAY, NARITO PO LAHAT
O NAPAG-ALAMAN”.
 The Battalion Commander will acknowledge the
report during the reporting by the TA.
 After the reporting, the Battalion Commander
acknowledge the salute and direct the TA
“IPAHAYAG ANG KAUTUSAN”.
 The TA give the order “MAKINIG SA
KAUTUSAN, ANG MGA NAKATALAGA
NGAYON, PUNONG PANLARANGAN _______,
PUNONG TAGAPANGALAGA _______, SA UTOS
NI _______, MGA PINUNO, HUMARAP AT
PUMAGITNA, KAD” Then execute about face
and trot to his position behind the troop CDR.
NOTE:
MILITARY RANK
ENS - PULIMAGAT LCDR - HIMAGAT
LTJG- KAMAGAT CDR - KALAKAN
LTSG- MAGAT CAPT - LAKAN
 At the command “MGA PINUNO” the officers
and guidon bearers execute carry sword and
guidon at the same time.
 At the command “HUMARAP AT PUMAGITNA”,
the officers and guidon bearers execute face to
the center at the same time.
 At the command “KAD”, the officers and guidon
bearers march to the center at the same time.
 At the command “MGA PINUNO TO, RAP KAD”,  Battalion Commander command “PASULONG,
at the last note of RAP, the officers and guidon KAD”
bearers face toward the Battalion Commander’s  The subordinate commanders will give
position and shove off at the command “KAD”. supplementary commands “HARAP SA KANAN,
 The officers and guidon bearers stop and NA”, “KANANG BALIKAT, NA” and “PASULONG,
execute present arms at the command “MGA KAD”
PINUNO, TO”  When the Battalion Commander commands
 The officers and guidon bearers execute about “PASULONG, KAD” the unit will step off
face at the command “MGA PINUNO, simultaneously.
SUMALUNAN” by the Battalion Commander and  The elements upon reaching the marker will
shoved back to the line of troops at the execute eyes right simultaneously.
command “KAD”  The command “HANDA, TINGIN SA KANA, NA”
 The officers and guidon bearers execute about given when the right foot strikes the deck.
face at the command “KAD”.  The command “HANDA, HARAP” given when
 The most senior COY Commander command the right foot strikes the deck.
“MGA PINUNO TO, RAP KAD” to go back to their  The execution of eyes right will be done at the
original position. same time.
 The officers and guidon bearers stop and faced  The band will follow after the last platoon of the
front at the same time. troops.
 Battalion Commander command “KALUPUNAN  After the pass in review, the Battalion
SUMALIKOD KO, KAD”. Commander will report to the honoree, GINOO,
 The staff execute the command accurately. TAPOS NA PO AND SEREMONYA”
 Battalion Commander commands the troops  The Battalion and staff execute “ ANTABAY
“TANGHAL, TA” Battalion Commander SALONG, KALIS, BABA” simultaneously.
commands his staff “TANGHAL, TA”.  The Battalion Commander and staff salute and
 Color guard execute “TANGHAL, TA”. report to the honoree
 Band plays appropriate ruffles and flourishes
followed by appropriate music
 At the last note of the music Battalion
Commander commands his staff “BABA, TA”
then face about and command the troops
“BABA, TA”
 Battalion Commander salutes and report the
honoree “GINOO, HANDA NA PO ANG TALUPAD
UPANG LIBUTIN”
 At six steps from the colors, the Battalion
Commander give the command “GINOO, ANG
MGA WATAWAT, PUGAY KAMAY NA
 At six steps from the colors, the Battalion
Commander give the command “ BABA KAMAY,
NA”.
 After trooping the line program proper will
follow.
 Battalion Commander command “KALUPUNAN
SUMALIKOD KO, KAD”.
 The staff execute the command accurately.
 When the staff reversed its position, Battalion
Commander commands “PASA MASID”
 Battalion Commander command “HARAP SA
KANAN, NA”
 Battalion Commander command “KANANG
BALIKAT, NA”