Practical test

Child mortality Female literacy rate Per capita GNP in 1980 Total fertility rate in 1980-1985
128 37 1870 6.66
204 22 130 6.15
202 16 310 7
197 65 5170 6.25
96 76 2050 3.81
209 26 200 6.44
170 45 670 6.19
240 29 300 5.89
241 11 120 5.89
55 55 290 2.36
75 87 1180 3.93
129 55 900 5.99
24 93 1730 3.5
165 31 1150 7.41
94 77 1160 4.21
 Scatter Plot

Female literacy rate

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Scatter Plot Observation: Line Chart Observation

General Trend: A scatter plot would show how child mortality is
distributed across different levels of female literacy rate.
We can observe that child mortality and female literacy are negetively related.
As female literacy increases, child mortality decreases.
Here child mortality is dependent on female literacy.
 Lines

Lines
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Child mortality Female literacy rate

Line Chart Observation:

Trend Line: A line chart can help illustrate the overall trend in child mortality
concerning changes in the female literacy rate.
As there is a strong negative correlation, the trend line should slope downwards.
Histogram

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clustered column
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permanently break the chart.
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Child mortality Female literacy rate

The resulting histogram might visually show you the distribution

of child mortality values in different ranges. A common pattern in histograms is to
observe whether the distribution is skewed to the right, to the left, or symmetric.
hart isn't available in your version of Excel.

g this shape or saving this workbook into a different file format will
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Child mortality Female literacy rate Per capita GNP in 1980

Mean 148.6 Mean 48.333333333 Mean 1148.666667

Standard Error 17.699825127 Standard Error 6.8623657358 Standard Error 333.0277647
Median 165 Median 45 Median 900
Mode #N/A Mode 55 Mode #N/A
Standard Deviation 68.551127947 Standard Deviation 26.57782821 Standard Deviation 1289.810987
Sample Variance 4699.2571429 Sample Variance 706.38095238 Sample Variance 1663612.381
Kurtosis -1.065595552 Kurtosis -1.221150984 Kurtosis 6.838974477
Skewness -0.321094425 Skewness 0.2972847627 Skewness 2.357397294
Range 217 Range 82 Range 5050
Minimum 24 Minimum 11 Minimum 120
Maximum 241 Maximum 93 Maximum 5170
Sum 2229 Sum 725 Sum 17230
Count 15 Count 15 Count 15

child mortality
The mean child mortality is relatively high (148.6).
The data has a moderate spread, as indicated by the standard deviation (68.55) and a wide range (217).
The distribution is slightly negatively skewed (-0.32), meaning there's a longer tail on the left side of the distribution.

Female literacy rate

The mean female literacy rate is lower (48.33).
The data has a smaller spread compared to Set 1, as indicated by a lower standard deviation (26.58) and a smaller range (82).
The distribution is slightly positively skewed (0.30), meaning there's a longer tail on the right side of the distribution.

per capita GNP

The data has a very high mean (1148.67), indicating a potential outlier or extreme values.
The spread of the data is substantial, with a high standard deviation (1289.81) and a large range (5050).
The distribution is highly positively skewed (2.36), suggesting a long tail on the right side.

Total fertility rate in 1980-1985

The mean of this dataset is 5.45.
The data has a relatively small spread with a low standard deviation (1.49) and a narrow range (5.05).
The distribution is slightly negatively skewed (-0.77).

Interpretation
CM and FLR seem to represent different types of data (perhaps child mortality and female literacy rate, respectively).
Per capita GNP appears to have extreme values or outliers, as indicated by the very high mean and highly positive skewness.
TFR might represent another variable with a smaller scale, possibly a rate or percentage.
 Total fertility rate in 1980-1985

Mean 5.4453333333
Standard Error 0.3837941743
Median 5.99
Mode 5.89
Standard Deviation 1.4864284456
Sample Variance 2.2094695238
Kurtosis -0.511366723
Skewness -0.771208029
Range 5.05
Minimum 2.36
Maximum 7.41
Sum 81.68
Count 15

the distribution.

and a smaller range (82).

he distribution.

te, respectively).
ighly positive skewness.
 Child mortality Female literacy rate
Child mortality 1
Female literacy rate -0.83321697938 1

Child mortality Female literacy rate Per capita GNP in 1980

Child mortality 1
Female literacy rate -0.83321697938 1
Per capita GNP in 1980 -0.16084960446 0.490527780894495 1
Total fertility rate in 1980-1985 0.77911247035 -0.716358214620027 -0.0072424124091993

Observations:
1. Child Mortality and Female Literacy Rate:
There is a strong negative correlation (-0.833) between child mortality and female literacy rate. This suggests that higher fem

2. Child Mortality and Per Capita GNP:

There is a weak negative correlation (-0.161) between child mortality and per capita GNP. The correlation suggests a small te

3. Child Mortality and Total Fertility Rate:

There is a strong positive correlation (0.779) between child mortality and the total fertility rate. This implies that higher total

4. Female Literacy Rate and Per Capita GNP:

There is a moderate positive correlation (0.491) between female literacy rate and per capita GNP. This suggests that countrie

5. Female Literacy Rate and Total Fertility Rate:

There is a strong negative correlation (-0.716) between female literacy rate and the total fertility rate. This indicates that hig

6. Per Capita GNP and Total Fertility Rate:

There is a very weak negative correlation (-0.007) between per capita GNP and the total fertility rate. The correlation is close

These correlations provide insights

 Total fertility rate in 1980-1985

eracy rate. This suggests that higher female literacy rates are associated with lower child mortality rates.

GNP. The correlation suggests a small tendency for higher per capita GNP to be associated with lower child mortality, but the correlation

ertility rate. This implies that higher total fertility rates are associated with higher child mortality rates.

er capita GNP. This suggests that countries with higher female literacy rates tend to have higher per capita GNP.

total fertility rate. This indicates that higher female literacy rates are associated with lower total fertility rates.

otal fertility rate. The correlation is close to zero, suggesting a weak association.
mortality, but the correlation is not very strong.
 Child mortality Female literacy rate
Child mortality 4385.97333333
Female literacy rate -1416.86666667 659.288888888889

Child mortality Female literacy rate Per capita GNP in 1980

Child mortality 4385.97333333
Female literacy rate -1416.86666667 659.288888888889
Per capita GNP in 1980 -13273.8666667 15694.4444444444 1552704.88888889
Total fertility rate in 1980-1985 74.0961333333 -26.4137777777778 -12.9595555555556

Observations:

1. Child Mortality and Female Literacy Rate:

- Covariance: -1416.87
- The negative covariance suggests an inverse relationship between child mortality and female literacy rate. As female literac

2. Child Mortality and Per Capita GNP in 1980:

- Covariance: -13273.87
- The negative covariance indicates a tendency for higher per capita GNP to be associated with lower child mortality. As the

3. Child Mortality and Total Fertility Rate in 1980-1985:

- Covariance: 74.10
- The positive covariance suggests a positive relationship between child mortality and the total fertility rate. As the total ferti

4. Female Literacy Rate and Per Capita GNP in 1980:

- Covariance: 15694.44
- The positive covariance indicates a positive relationship between female literacy rate and per capita GNP. As female literac

5. Female Literacy Rate and Total Fertility Rate in 1980-1985:

- Covariance: -26.41
- The negative covariance suggests an inverse relationship between female literacy rate and the total fertility rate. As female

6. Per Capita GNP in 1980 and Total Fertility Rate in 1980-1985:

- Covariance: -12.96
- The negative covariance indicates a tendency for higher per capita GNP to be associated with lower total fertility rates. As e
 Total fertility rate in 1980-1985

2.06217155555556

nd female literacy rate. As female literacy rate increases, child mortality tends to decrease.

iated with lower child mortality. As the economic output per person increases, child mortality tends to decrease.

d the total fertility rate. As the total fertility rate increases, child mortality tends to increase.

te and per capita GNP. As female literacy rate increases, per capita GNP tends to increase.

ate and the total fertility rate. As female literacy rate increases, the total fertility rate tends to decrease.

iated with lower total fertility rates. As economic output per person increases, the total fertility rate tends to decrease.