1 IUPAC Nomenclature

+ - D > lowest locant (branch jis ‘c’ se attached hai uska no.)
NH4CNO NH2–CONH2 > alphabetical order
 Large number of compounds of ‘C' ( m ethyl, e thyl: alphabets priority e > m
.
Tetravalency of carbon P.S.S
 # agar = & ≡ dono aye
Catenation (self linking prop): C–C–C–C– toh = > ≡ agar same no, mile toh
C–C–C

CH4
H sp3–s  IUPAC Naming of Functional groups
F.G. SUFFIX-2 PREFIX
1
‘H’ 1s H—C—H
‘C’ 1s2 2s2 2p2 H
Carboxylic [oic acid] carboxy
acid(–COOH)
Sulphonic [Sulphonic acid] Sulpho
acid(–SO3H)
4sp3 anhydride [oic anhydride] -
O O
C4H10MF
(—C—O—C—)
CH3—CH2—CH2— CH3
Ester [oate] Alkoxycarbonyl
Bond line structure
H H H
O
H
H H (—C—OR)
H acid chloride [oyl chloride] chlorocarbonyl
H H H
 IUPAC Naming Rule O
Prefix + Word root + Suffix–1 + Suffix-2 (—C—Cl )
(functional
Branch No. of ‘C’ C–C ane group)
acid amide [amide] carbamoyl
–R (alkyl) in parent chain C=C ene (–OH) O
–OR (alkoxy) 1 meth C≡C yne (–COOH)
–NO2 (nitro) 2 eth
(—C—NH2)
–F (Fluoro) 3 prop
–Cl (Chloro) 4 but cyanide (–CN) [nitrile] cyano
–Br (bromo) 5 pent
–I ( iodo) 6 hex isocyanide [isonitrile] isocyano
–No (nitroso) 7 hept
8 oct (–NC)
–ph (Phenyl) 9 non
10 dec aldehyde [al] aldo and formyl
(–CHO)
ketone [one] keto or oxo
O
 Priority: (—C—)
alcohol (–OH) [ol] hydroxy
PFG (principle funcn group or suffix - 2)
> Multiple bonds (= & ≡) thiol (–SH) [thiol] mercapto
> Number of C atoms amine (–NH2) [amine] amino
> maximum number of substituents (prefix)

2
Organic Chemistry
 Aldo or oxo formyl
1
O O O O 1-Butyl cyclopropene
H—C—CH2–CH2–C–OH H—C—CH2–CH2–C–OH 3 2
4 3 2 1 3 2 1 COOH
4-Aldo butane–1– 3-formyl 1
oicacid propane–1–oicacid
Cyclopropane–1–carboxylic acid
3 2
 IUPAC nomenclature of Ester F.G. SPECIAL SUFFIX-2 (Jab ‘c’
count na ho raha ho)
2 O CH3
1 Carboxylic acid Carboxylic acid
3 Super prefix
O Sulphonic acid Sulphonic acid
Methyl prop–2–ene–1–oate Ester Carboxylate
acid chloride Carbonyl chloride
 IUPAC Naming of Cyclo compounds acid amide Carboxamide
cyanide Carbonitrile
Rule: Prefix + Cyclo-Word root + Suffix-1 + Suffix-2
aldehyde Carbaldehyde
Priority: ketone one
PFG > Multiple bonds > Number of C atoms alcohol ol
> Ring thiol thiol
# If carbon containing F.G. is directly attached amine amine
with the ring then they are taken as part of
 IUPAC Naming Rules of Benzene Derivative
the ring. (Ring ki numbering karenge)
1. If organic compound is having one F.G.
# If no. of carbon atoms are same then then common name is retained in IUPAC
priority Ring > Chain COOH COOR OH

 1
1-Ethyl cyclopropane Benzene carboxylic acid Alkyl Benzoate phenol
2 3 or Benzoic acid
1 2
SO3H COCl CH3
1-cyclopropyl ethene

Benzene Sulphonic
Benzoyl chloride Toluene
2 1 acid
COOH
CONH2 CHO OCH3
2-cyclopropyl ethane–1–oic acid

Benzamide Benzaldehyde Anisole

1 23
4 CN NH2

1-cyclopropyl butane

Benzonitrile Aniline

3
IUPAC Nomenclature
 2. If more than one F.G. are present then 6. If there is choice, priority is given to
numbering is done according to IUPAC. open part.
2 1
OH COOH CH2–COOH
1 1 1′
6 2 6 2 6′ 2′ 2–(4′-carboxyphenyl)
5 3 5 3 5′ ethanoic acid
3′
4 4 4′
OH COOH COOH
Benzene–1,4–diol Benzene–1,4–
dicarboxylic acid

3. If hydrocarbon is combination of both IUPAC NAMING OF POLY FUNCTIONAL

 
open chain and ring part then except COMPOUNDS
If more than two carbon containing
Me and Et open chain part is taken as
functional groups are present on adjacent
main part.
carbons then they are not counted in
1 2 3 1 2
CH2CH3 CH2–CH2–CH3 CH=CH2 principal chain.
1
6 2 1 2 3
5 3
4 propane–1,2,3–
1–Ethyl benzene 1–phenyl propane 1–phenyl ethene tricarboxylic acid
COOH COOH COOH
4. If organic compound is having F.G. then
part having F.G. is taken as main part.
2 1
CH2–COOH CH3 1 2 3
4
5 3
propane–1,2,3–
tricarbonitrile
6 2
1 CN CN CN
2–phenyl ethanoic acid
COOH
4-methyl benzoic acid
IUPAC Naming of complex branches:
 
5. If both parts are having F.G. then part
having P.F.G. is taken as main part. 7 5 3 1
4
2 1 8 6 2
CH2–COOH CH2OH
4
1′
1′ Me2CH–
6′ 2′ 5 3 2′
(CH3)2CH–
5′ 6
4′
3′
1
2 4–(1′-methyl ethyl) octane isopropyl
OH COOH
2–(4′-Hydroxy phenyl) 4-Hydroxy methyl or isopropyl
ethanoic acid benzoic acid

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Pasand krne walo ke dil mein, aur
napasand krne walo ke dimag mein.

4
Organic Chemistry