D R . V I K A R I Z K I A , S . T . , M .

T
M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G
S T A T E P O L Y T E C H N I C O F J A K A R T A
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Fe-C
Phase
Diagram
EUTEKTIK

EUTEKTOID

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 CAST IRON
a class of ferrous alloys with carbon
contents above 2 wt%
in practice, it contains between 3.0 and 4.5 wt%
C and other alloying elements

Easy to cast (due to lower melting point) into

complicated shapes and cheap

Very brittle, not amenable to deform

It has 3-5x more compression strength compared

to steel

It has excellent anti-vibration (or damping)

properties

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 GRAY CAST IRON
C ~ 2.5 and 4.0 wt%, Si ~ 1.0 and 3.0 wt%
the graphite in the form of flakes (similar to corn flakes),
surrounded by an  ferrite or pearlite matrix
a fractured surface takes on a gray appearance
weak and brittle in tension, but much higher strength and
ductility under compressive loads

APPLICATIONS : Machine bases, damping plates for

pianos, engine blocks, flywheels, piston rings, brake discs
and drums

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 NODULAR/DUCTILE CAST IRON
Produced by adding a small amount of magnesium and/or
cerium to the gray iron before casting
Graphite forms as nodules or spherelike particles
The matrix phase surrounding these particles is either pearlite
or ferrite
Ductile iron has greater strength and ductility than grey iron,
good machining qualities
APPLICATIONS : valves, pump bodies, crankshafts, gears, and other
automotive and machine components

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WHITE CAST IRON
low-silicon cast irons (containing less than 1.0 wt% Si)

Produced by rapid cooling rates from gray cast iron

most of the carbon exists as cementite instead of graphite
A fracture surface has a white appearance
white iron is extremely hard but also very brittle
(unmachinable)
APPLICATIONS : shot-blasting nozzles, rolling mill rolls, crushers,
pulve rizers and ball mill liners

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 MALLEABLE CAST IRON
Heating white iron at temperatures between 800 and 900oC
for a prolonged time period and in a neutral atmosphere (to
prevent oxidation)
graphite exists in the form of clusters or rosettes surrounded
by a ferrite or pearlite matrix
relatively high strength and appreciable ductility
APPLICATIONS : connecting rods, transmission
gears, and differential cases for the
automotive industry; and also flanges, pipe
fittings, and valve parts for railroad, marine,
and other heavy-duty services.

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