Water Treatment By: Sarah Zia

1) Water Supply:
Water is taken from rivers, reservoirs or underground water sources (ground water).
2) Stages in Water treatment:
Untreated water contains soluble and insoluble impurities.
Insoluble: soil, pieces of plants and other organic matter.
Soluble: dissolved calcium, metallic compounds and organic pollutants.
a) Sedimentation and filtration:
Water is pumped into sedimentation tanks where the water is allowed to stand for a
few hours.
Mud, sand and other large particles will fall to the bottom of the tank due to gravity
and form a layer of sediment, in a process called sedimentation.
Filtration is the process used to remove smaller particles by passing the water
through layers of sand and gravel filters that trap solid particles.

b) Use of Carbon
Water can then be passed through carbon (in the form of activated charcoal) to
remove bad tastes and smell.

c) Chlorination
Bacteria and other microorganisms are too small to be trapped by the filters so
chlorination is used.
This involves the careful addition of chlorine to the water supply which kills bacteria
and other unwanted microbes.
Cholera and typhoid are examples of bacterial diseases which can arise from the
consumption of untreated water.
 CHOLRINATION
CHARCOAL
WATER IN (CHLORINE IS ADDED
(REMOVES BAD
TO KILL BACTERIA
TASTE AND ODOUR)
AND VIRUSES )

FLUORIDATION
FILTRATION (FLUORINE CAN BE
SCREENING
(SAND AND GRAVEL) ADDED TO PREVENT
TOOTH DECAY)

COAGULATION TANK
STORED IN WATER
Al2(SO4)3 causes SEDIMENTATION
TOWERS THEN
particles to clump TANK
PUMPED TO HOMES
together.

STAGES IN WATER TREATMENT