TPA 413 Final Examination

This final examination covers topics on research instruments, data analysis, presentation of results,
writing the discussion, and writing conclusion and recommendation. This 50-item exam is time
bound. You need to finish this exam in 90 minutes. Choose the letter of the BEST answer. Once you
open this exam, you need to take it.

1. Which of the following are instruments used in the qualitative data?

A. interviews C. books
B. questionnaires D. surveys
2. This data collection strategy makes use of books, journals, magazine, art works, songs, pictures
and others to obtain common themes or construct for analysis.
A. documentary analysis C. observation
B. focus group discussion D. interview
3. Most surveys are structured, which means that
A. There is a one-on-one relationship between the researcher and the respondent.
B. They use random selection to select respondents.
C. The interviewer decides when, where, and how to ask the questions.
D. The same questions are asked in the same order for all respondents.
4. A telephone interview survey tends to have a higher response rate than a __________ study and
shorter answers to open-ended questions than a __________ study.
A. mailed questionnaire; mailed questionnaire
B. mailed questionnaire; face-to-face interview
C. face-to-face interview; face-to-face interview
D. face-to-face interview; mailed questionnaire
5. What is the best placement for the following survey question: “What is your age?”
A. opening question C. middle
B. toward the beginning D. end of the survey
6. Compared with experiments, surveys generally are
A. less economical.
B. less susceptible to reactive measurement effects.
C. less effective in testing causal relationships.
D. lower in generalizability.
7. Which does NOT refer to validity?
A. relatedness C. truthfulness
B. appropriateness D. meaningfulness
8. Which of the following could minimize the threat to validity?
A. appropriate design C. instrumentation
B. proper sampling D. testing
9. These are information collected directly from the subjects being studied…
A. primary data C. quantitative data
B. qualitative data D. secondary data
10. Josefa wants to explore the experiences of mothers on teaching their children during the
pandemic. She plans to focus on each mother’s personal challenges and how they cope with them.
What instrument you can suggest for her study?
A. books and journal C. survey questionnaire
B. structured-interview-guide D. observation guide

TPA 413 Final Examination 1

11. This is a data collection instrument mostly used in normative surveys. This is a systematically
prepared form or document with a set of questions deliberately designed to elicit responses from
respondents or research informants for the purpose of collecting data or information.
A. interview C. focus group discussion
B. questionnaire D. observation
12. When does interview become necessary to be used in collecting the pertinent information?
A. when the participants request for it
B. when researchers feel the need to meet face-to-face with the participants
C. when there is no other form of instrument
D. when there are available equipment
13. How structured interview is different from unstructured interview?
A. Structured interviews are used in quantitative while unstructured interviews are used in
qualitative.
B. Structured interviews are in surveys while unstructured interviews focus group.
C. Structured interviews intensive while unstructured interviews are extensive.
D. Structured interviews are formal while unstructured interview is less formal.
14. In a structured interview, what should the interviewer need to ensure?
A. that the interviewees are literate and understand the questions.
B. that the atmosphere of an interview is congenial to establish interviewer-interviewee
rapport.
C. that the atmosphere supports the basic needs of the interviewees such as food and shelter.
D. that the information obtained will be disseminated to other researchers.
15. This data collection focuses on the respondent’s subjective responses and experience on the
subject matter to elicit more information. This method is used by researchers to render the non-
directive interview more interviewer control with the use of verbal cues that serve as a stimulus to
inspire respondents to volunteer more information on the subject.
A. focus group C. questionnaire
B. observation D. non-formal interview/mapping
16. When does observation become so relevant for the research study?
A. when the researcher is unable to complete the study with the time allotted
B. when the researcher need to record the data
C. when a composite of both oral and visual data become vital to the research.
D. when the information needed are ethically delicate
17. Why internal validity is very important?
A. to develop ethically sound procedures
B. to allow a free and liberated study responsive to the needs of the participants
C. to develop a mandatory standard for the study.
D. to establish a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship between a treatment and an
outcome.
18. How validity and reliability different?
A. Validity refers to efficiency while reliability deals with consistency.
B. Validity is used in quantitative while reliability is used in qualitative.
C. Validity includes ethical consideration while reliability does not.
D. Validity can generalize while reliability needs verification.
19. Christine wants to determine the personal experiences of BPA students on blended learning.
What is the best way she should use to elicit the subjective views of her participants?
A. focus group C. observation
B. survey D. questionnaire
20. Franklin wanted to study the history of Malita and its people. What is the best approach he
should use in gathering the information pertinence to his study?
A. focus group C. historical documents
B. observation D. community immersion

TPA 413 Final Examination 2

21. What is the purpose of data analysis?
A. It is used to inform the researchers of the validity of the study.
B. It is used to transform raw data into business information.
C. It is used to extract useful information from data and taking the decision.
D. It is used to identify behavior patterns of data.
22. What is the difference between descriptive and inferential analysis?
A. Descriptive analysis describes the data while inferential analysis creates theory.
B. Descriptive analysis is used in qualitative method while inferential is use in quantitative
method.
C. Descriptive analysis analyzes complete data while inferential analysis analyses sample from
complete data.
D. Descriptive analysis is complete while inferential analysis is incomplete.
23. Why diagnostic analysis is done?
A. to have valid conclusion and discussion C. to obtain precision of data for better results
B. to replicate the data under study D. to identify the root cause of the problem
24. Why predictive analysis is conducted?
A. to understand what is likely to happen C. to determine the significant relationship
B. to investigate which information is correct D. to identify the most reliable data
25. Why data validation is important?
A. to make the discussion of the study reliable
B. to find out whether the data collection was done without bias
C. to determine whether the recommendations are doable
D. to analyze the testing of the instrument
26. Which of the following is not commonly used in descriptive statistics?
A. Mean C. Median
B. Theme D. Range
27. Which of the following is not correct about descriptive statistics?
A. Descriptive statistics provide absolute numbers.
B. Descriptive statistics does not explain the reason behind the numbers.
C. Descriptive statistics categorizes the core ideas of the data analyzed.
D. Descriptive statistics are most helpful when the research is limited.
28. John studies the patterns of conversation among children enrolled in the private schools in
Davao. He inquired from you for the best analysis. You would recommend…
A. Discourse analysis C. Content analysis
B. Narrative analysis D. Grounded theory
29. Randy is investigating the experiences of the people who survived COVID 19 infections. He
gathered the stories of the participants. What method most likely John use?
A. Phenomenal analysis C. Content Analysis
B. Narrative analysis D. A priori analysis
30. Which of the following is correct about ground theory?
A. It arrives at an explanation that fits all cases.
B. It is similar to phenomenology.
C. It should be based on a theory
D. It uses similar cases to explain different settings phenomenon

TPA 413 Final Examination 3

For items 31-33, refer to the graph below.

31. Which is the appropriate title for the graph below?

A. The number of tourists visiting Malaysia and Dubai from 1995 to 2003.
B. A comparative analysis of tourist arrivals of two Asian countries from 1995 to 2003.
C. The two countries which have the most tourist arrivals from 1995 to 2003.
D. The Malaysia and Dubai’s comparison of tourist arrivals in a decade.
32. Which of the following is correct about the graph?
A. In 1995, 100 thousand tourists visited Malaysia and it was more than double than the
number of tourists in Dubai.
B. In 2001, Malaysia’s tourist arrivals increased while Dubai decreased.
C. From 1995 to 2003, tourist arrivals in Dubai had never fallen down.
D. Generally, Malaysia has more tourist arrivals in 9 months compared to Dubai.
33. Which implication is could be correct about the graph?
A. Malaysia has many interesting tourist spots than Dubai.
B. Dubai’s tourism programs have improved over the years.
C. Dubai spent less in tourism compared to Malaysia.
D. Malaysia’s decrease in the later years was due to terrorism.
34. What is the significance of putting graphs in the presentation of results?
A. It allows the results to be appealing to the readers.
B. It makes the results presentable.
C. It adds to the clarity and of the data.
D. It makes the audience appreciate the spatial skill of the writer.
35. Which statement is most likely correct in presenting the results?
A. The texts are secondary to the graphics.
B. In presenting the results, graphics are more necessary to text.
C. The graphics support the text.
D. The graphics objectify the results.
36. Which of the following statements show the writer’s bias?
A. An overwhelming 90% of students believed that senior college students were not serious of
their studies.
B. It was indicated in the results that 66% of working students in college have no study habits;
hence, they failed in the exam.
C. The results revealed that 50-60% senior college students were suffering from dyslexia, a
reading disability.
D. The results show 86.7% favored Manny Pacquiao, who was a high school graduate and
became senator because of his boxing popularity.

TPA 413 Final Examination 4

37. What should a writer consider if the presentation and interpretation of results go over several
pages?
A. make graphical representation C. use subheadings
B. put the results in the appendix D. make the results as attachments
38. Which of the following headings does NOT belong to the group?
A. Inconvenient location of recycling bins C. lack of recycling equipment
B. Inadequate encouragement to recycle D. reasons for not recycling
39. Which statement is incorrect in presenting results?
A. Figures 1 reveals that 15% of the students were…
B. Referring to Figure 1, we can see that only 15% of the respondents…
C. Referring to Figure 1, only 15% of the respondents...
D. Figure 1 shows that only 15% of the respondents...
40. Which statement is correct in presenting qualitative results?
A. Qualitative results are presented using themes and core ideas.
B. Qualitative results are presented using graphs and numbers.
C. Qualitative results follow rigid statistical analysis.
D. There is no difference in presenting quantitative and qualitative results.
41. All of the following are main goals of writing the discussion, EXCEPT
A. to allow readers to think about the study C. to justify the approach
B. to interpret and explain the results D. to critically evaluate the study
42. How should the discussion start?
A. by presenting the summarize major findings C. by formulating the conclusion
B. by reiterating the significance of the study D. by showing the design & method used
43. Which of the following statements is mostly likely found in a discussion?
A. The aim of this study was to determine the linked between…
B. The study demonstrates a correlation between….
C. The concepts of the study were defined logically and….
D. After determining the findings of the study, the research would recommend…
44. Which of the following statements shows continuation?
A. Previous study conducted by Wooowoogen (2020) found that …
B. Initially, the mapping conducted was to determine the possible …
C. Coincidentally, this study reflects Al Khamiri’s (2021) results which showed…
D. In the same vein, this study determines…
45. Which of the following statements shows a conclusion/summary?
A. To start with, the participants were selected through…
B. Therefore, it was found that gender has…
C. Contrary to the previous findings, this study found that…
D. This finding corroborates with the study of ….
46. Which of the following is correct about conclusion?
A. A re-statement of the research topic under investigation.
B. A definition of key words presented.
C. A re-iteration of the results.
D. A synthesis of key points.
47. A well-written conclusion should include the following EXCEPT
A. implications of the study
B. introduce possible new study
C. demonstrate the importance of researches ideas
D. define the terms
48. Where should the recommendation based upon?
A. results of the research C. research design
B. significance of the study D. research questions

TPA 413 Final Examination 5

49. What should a research paper’s over-all conclusion first be seen by a reader?
A. conclusion C. theoretical framework
B. introduction D. abstract
50. What is the final conclusion of your research?
A. A way to tie the thesis of what you were trying to prove, with all of the evidence you used
for a final thought of what was learned
B. A way to stretch the paper to reach your page requirement
C. A place for a final quote
D. The place for your thesis

For items 51-60. Determine what referencing template is used in the following.
Write A - APA
B - MLA
C - Chicago
D - Vancouver
E - Harvard

51. San Jose, Ariel Epan. "We need your help: An evaluation of students’ tutorial experiences in
mathematics and science." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Invention 1.1 (2019): 1-
7.
52. San Jose, A. E. (2019). We need your help: An evaluation of students’ tutorial experiences in
mathematics and science. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Invention, 1(1), 1-7.
53. San Jose, Ariel Epan. "We need your help: An evaluation of students’ tutorial experiences in
mathematics and science." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Invention 1, no. 1
(2019): 1-7.
54. San Jose AE. We need your help: An evaluation of students’ tutorial experiences in
mathematics and science. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Invention. 2019 Jan
1;1(1):1-7.
55. San Jose, A.E., 2019. We need your help: An evaluation of students’ tutorial experiences in
mathematics and science. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Invention, 1(1), pp.1-7.
56. Shafritz, Jay, et al. Introducing public administration. Routledge, 2016.
57. Frederickson HG, Smith KB, Larimer CW, Licari MJ. The public administration theory primer.
Routledge; 2018 Apr 17.
58. Henry, N., 2015. Public administration and public affairs. Routledge.
59. Heady, Ferrel. Public Administration, A Comparative Perspective. CRC Press, 2001.
60. Perry, J. L., & Christensen, R. K. (2015). Handbook of public administration. John Wiley & Sons.

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TPA 413 Final Examination 6

Key Answers
1. A 31. B
2. A 32. A
3. D 33. B
4. B 34. C
5. A 35. C
6. B 36. D
7. D 37. A
8. D 38. D
9. A 39. B
10. B 40. A
11. B 41. B
12. B 42. A
13. D 43. B
14. B 44. A
15. A 45. B
16. C 46. D
17. D 47. D
18. A 48. B
19. A 49. D
20. C 50. A
21. D 51. B
22. C 52. A
23. D 53. C
24. A 54. E
25. D 55. D
26. B 56. B
27. B 57. D
28. A 58. E
29. A 59. C
30. A 60. A

TPA 413 Final Examination 7