Heritage of World Civilizations The Combined Volume 10th Edition Craig Test Bank

Heritage of World Civilizations The
Combined Volume 10th Edition Craig

Test Bank
Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/heritage-of-world-civilizations-the-combined-volume-10th-edition-craig-test-ban
k/
CHAPTER 10 - THE FORMATION OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION, 622-1000
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Around 800 C.E., the Abbasids and Tang shared all of the following characteristics except:
a. a single cultural language.
b. rigid exclusion of foreign cultures.
c. the effective use of pastoral cavalry.
d. ideological/religious foundations for political rule.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 10.1
Topic/Concept: Origins and Early Development
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
2. The city to which Muslims aspire to make a pilgrimage (hajj) is

a. Medina.
b. Khadija.
c. Mecca.
d. Jerusalem.
Answer: c
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Before 600 C.E., the Arab people were united primarily by

a. adherence to the same polytheistic faith.
b. a shared language and poetic idiom.
c. membership in the same centralized empire.
d. All of these answers are correct.
Answer: b
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
4. Before Muhammad, Arabia was

a. already united under a monarch claiming divine ancestry.
b. part of the Byzantine Empire.
c. inhabited by settled farmers and merchants alongside nomadic herdsmen.
d. the most important agricultural region of the Persian Empire.
Answer: c
5. The Muslim believes in all of the following except:

a. bodily resurrection.
b. hellfire and paradise.
c. baptism.
d. monotheism.
Answer: c
115
Copyright © 2016, 2011, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
6. The faith that had the least influence on Islam was

a. Judaism.
b. Hinduism.
c. Christianity.
d. Zoroastrianism.
Answer: b
7. Islam can best be described as

a. a polytheistic nature religion with little ethical content.
b. a desert religion focused on Muhammad as the son of God.
c. an urban religion that first flourished in an agricultural oasis.
d. None of these answers are correct.
Answer: c
8. Which of the following is NOT a prophet recognized by the Qur’an as having come before
Muhammad?
a. Moses
b. Abraham
c. Augustine
d. Jesus
Answer: c
9. What is the main message of the Qur’an?

a. Social justice and obedient worship are demanded of every human.
b. Reject idolatrous worship of false gods.
c. Submit oneself completely to God's will.
Answer: d
10. The Prophet Muhammad’s proclamation of the Qur’an

a. incorporated each regional Islamic cultural and religious tradition into one.
b. marked the start of succession struggle between Shiites and Sunni Muslims.
c. transformed Islam into a political as well as religious movement.
d. galvanized diverse, polytheistic and monotheistic Arabs into a new unity—the umma..
Answer: d
116
11. Jihad is considered by some to be one of the pillars of Islam; it is best defined as
a. an act of judgment.
b. a just and holy war.
c. a holy pilgrimage.
d. a formal prayer.
Answer: b
12. In Islam the umma is best defined as

a. sacred book.
b. community of faithful.
c. holy war.
d. arrival in paradise.
Answer: b
13. According to the Qur’an, women have the right to

a. own property.
b. hold political office.
c. receive equal inheritance.
d. wear a veil at all times.
Answer: a
14. All of the following are part of pillars of Islam except:

a. hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).
b. chador (modest clothing).
c. zakat (charity).
d. salat (form of prayer or worship).
Answer: b
15. In Islam the term caliph means

a. successor of Muhammad.
b. holy pilgrim.
c. servant of Allah.
d. none of the answers are correct.
Answer: a
Topic/Concept: Early Islamic Conquests
117
16. The Qur’an states that Abraham was

a. Christian.
b. Jewish.
c. Muslim.
d. pagan.
Answer: c
17. As shown in Map 10-1, by 750 C.E., Islam had spread to the
a. Middle East, north Africa, and Spain.
b. Near East, north Africa, and Italy.
c. Far East, north Africa, and Spain.
d. Middle East, east Africa, and Italy.
Answer: a
Skill Level: Analyze It
18. Religious experts who administered law and settled public and private disputes were known as
a. caliphs.
b. imams.
c. sufis.
d. ulama.
Answer: d
Topic/Concept: The New Islamic World Order
19. The Muslim rulers who made the office of caliph hereditary thus founding the first dynastic caliphate.
a. Umayyads.
b. Abbasids.
c. Seleucids.
d. Sufis.
Answer: a
20. The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is built on a site holy to

a. Christians only.
b. both Muslims and Christians.
c. Jews only.
d. both Jews and Muslims.
Answer: d
118
21. The two primary competing dynasties during the seventh and eighth centuries were the
a. Mu'awiya and the Abbasid.
b. ulama and the Umayyad.
c. Abbasid and the Umayyad.
d. Mu'awiya and the Umayyad.
Answer: c
22. Those scholars who acted as judges and guardians of Muslim conscience were known as
a. Shari's.
b. ulama.
c. umma.
d. diwan.
Answer: b
23. Non-Arab converts to Islam

a. were considered clients and had a protected place in the diwan.
b. were often persecuted with changes in the caliphate.
c. were given full legal and spiritual equality with Arab Muslims.
d. None of these answers are correct.
Answer: a
24. Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian minorities under Islamic rule

a. were forced to pay a head tax.
b. had military obligations during a jihad.
c. could not maintain their own legal systems.
Answer: a
25. Which of the following did not NOT contribute to the permanence of Islamic conquests?
a. relatively little bloodshed
b. the adjustment of unequal taxation
c. the development of new administrative systems
d. the appointment of capable governors
Answer: c
119
26. The Kharijites
a. espoused a limited egalitarianism among the faithful.
b. were the most radical idealists among Muslim factions.
c. were willing to maintain members in the umma who had committed no more than three major
sins.
d. were supporters of Muhammad's son-in-law, Ali.
Answer: b
27. The mahdi is best defined as the

a. religious leadership of the Islamic state.
b. Shi'ite vision of the true umma.
c. "guided one" who would usher in a messianic age.
d. "judgment day" when the faithful would be rewarded.
Answer: c
28. The major splits that occurred in Islam in the century after Muhammad’s death revolved around the
issue(s) of
a. whether Muhammad was the last prophet or others would come in the future.
b. whether Mecca or Medina was the holiest city in Islam.
c. whether Christians and Jews should be allowed to practice their religions or be forced to
convert.
d. what was the nature of the community of faith and who should lead it.
Answer: d
29. In general, the Sunni branch of Islam has

a. never been a single sect in Islam.
b. taken the most inclusive approach to defining membership in the Muslim community of faith.
c. normally been among the more aggressive Islamic sects in supporting jihad.
Answer: b
30. The Sunni position advocates all of the following except:

a. the umma is a theocratic entity.
b. the caliph is the absolute temporal and spiritual leader.
c. a person who professes to be a Muslim by supporting Muslim tenets cannot be excluded from
the umma automatically by even a mortal sin.
d. the umma is a state under the authority first of the precedent of the Prophet and Qu'ran and
second by the consensus of Muslims.
Answer: b
120
31. The move of the Islamic capital to Baghdad under the "high caliphate" brought more political influence
to which group?
a. Orthodox Greeks
b. Egyptians
c. Persians
d. Mamluks
Answer: c
Topic/Concept: The High Caliphate
32. An important difference between Islam and Christianity is that

a. Christians and Muslims have distinctly different religious traditions.
b. Islam is inclusive while Christianity is exclusive.
c. Islam is exclusive while Christianity is inclusive.
d. Christianity has a stricter moral code.
Answer: b
33. The Qur’an recognizes that a woman

a. has no right to inherit, own, or manage property.
b. entering a marriage is an object to be bought and sold.
c. earns the dowry from her husband for the benefit of her male relatives.
d. has the right to contract her own marriage.
Answer: d
Topic/Concept: Women in Early Islamic Society
34. The Mamluks were

a. slave soldiers, primarily of Turkish origin.
b. administrative officials of the "high caliphate."
c. provincial bureaucrats who broke away from the caliphs.
d. religious teachers.
Answer: a
35. Which of the following was NOT a trait of the “high caliphate” that existed from approximately 700 to
850 C.E.?
a. a vibrant, cosmopolitan culture
b. political centralization
c. reliance on Syrian Arab forces
d. economic prosperity
Answer: c
121
36. The early Spanish Islamic state (756-1030 C.E.) was controlled by the
a. Abbasids.
b. Umayyads.
c. Shi'ites.
d. Sunnis.
Answer: b
37. The center and capital of the Abbasid Empire in 900 C.E., as shown in Map 10-2, was
a. Constantinople.
b. Alexandria.
c. Baghdad.
d. Mecca.
Answer: c
38. In 945, the amirs were

a. tax collectors of the Abbasid government.
b. court diplomats under the Umayyads.
c. Buyid commanders who dominated the caliphate.
d. regional governors.
Answer: c
39. The Abbasid government had contact with which Chinese Dynasty?
a. Qin
b. Han
c. Tang
d. Yuan
Answer: c
Topic/Concept: Islamic Culture in the Classical Era
40. Astronomy and medicine were among the disciplines

a. that were suppressed under the Abbasids.
b. that advanced thanks in part to Greek and Sanskrit works that were translated into Arabic.
c. that were hampered by religious restrictions under Islamic rule.
d. in which most of the founding texts were originally written in Arabic.
Answer: b
122
41. In intellectual and cultural life, the early Abbasid Dynasty was marked by
a. the suppression of earlier, non-Muslim forms of knowledge.
b. the spread of Indian styles of art and literature.
c. an emphasis on “practical” forms of science over liberal arts.
d. the preservation and expansion of Greek, Roman, and Indian knowledge.
Answer: d
42. In general, Muslims in the Umayyad and Abbasid Dynasties

a. had no knowledge of Greek and Roman philosophy.
b. preserved and expanded Greco-Roman philosophy and science.
c. rejected philosophy as incompatible with Islam.
d. borrowed many philosophical ideas from India but not Greece.
Answer: b
43. Which of the following would have been least likely to be translated and discussed by Muslim
scholars in the 8thand 9th centuries C.E.?
a. Aristotle
b. Euclid
c. Galen
d. St. Augustine
Answer: d
44. The traditional report, or hadith, became the chief source of

a. legal and religious norms.
b. geographic knowledge.
c. population and taxation data.
d. security information on spies and disloyal commanders.
Answer: a
45. Which of the following did NOT contribute to the fragmentation of the Muslim world after 800 C.E.?
a. the enormous size and diversity of regions in the empire
b. weak and incompetent caliphs
c. civil wars and invasions
d. the collapse of trade and commerce in the empire
Answer: d
123
ESSAY AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. What are the main concepts of the doctrine of Islam? How is this faith different from and/or similar to
Christianity? How does it resemble or differ from Judaism? What is the importance of other faiths to
this movement?
Answer: Answers will vary.
Difficulty Level: Difficult
2. Discuss the importance of Mecca to the development of Arab unity. What role did Medina play? Was
Islam a "religion of the desert"?
3. Discuss the role of the ulama in Muslim society. How did this group receive their education? What
was their relation to the caliphs? Why were they the new elite in society?
4. What was the importance of the umma to Muslim society? How were religious minorities and non-
Arab converts treated? How did the change of the Islamic capital to Baghdad affect the empire?
5. Compare the political and economic development of Islamic civilization through 800 C.E. to
comparable civilizations in Europe, China, and India. Which society exhibited the most vitality? The
least? What factor or factors do you think best explains this vitality?
6. Discuss some of the major obstacles to a universal acceptance of the Islamic faith and state in the
conquered areas. Why did it take so long for Syria and Egypt to accept the faith?
124
7. Describe the main reasons for the decline of the Arab Empire. What was the role of the Mamluks in
the process of decline? How important was local control to the decline of empire? What were lasting
contributions of the Arab Empire?
8. Discuss the classical culture of the Abbasid Dynasty. What role did foreign influence play and what
was the importance of grammar to the culture? What was the main artistic and architectural
achievement of this period?
9. Discuss the different architectural forms in the major religious buildings of the Muslim faith. How do
these compare to religious architecture in the Christian and Chinese world during the Middle Ages?
What were the distinctive features and functions of these buildings?
10. How did geography contribute to the economic and political expansion of the early Islamic world?
What limitations did geography place on that expansion?
11. What are the major divisions in the Islamic world, and how do they offer different interpretations of the
Qur’an? How did these various traditions impact different parts of the Islamic world?
12. What were the different kinds of leadership in the Islamic world, and how did Islamic scholars view
the relationship between politics, law, and the Qur’an?
13. What is the position of women in Islam, and how does this differ from or resemble the position of
women in other religions, such as Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism?
125
Topic/Concept: Women in Early Islamic Society
14. How were non-Arabs and converts treated in the Islamic world? What impact did Islam have on the
lives of citizens in conquered areas?
15. What was Saudi Arabian society like before the time of Muhammad? Were any aspects of the
teachings in the Qur’an directed towards practices that existed before Muhammad and that Muslims
rejected?
126

Heritage of World Civilizations The Combined Volume 10th Edition Craig Test Bank

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Heritage of World Civilizations The Combined Volume 10th Edition Craig Test Bank

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Heritage of World Civilizations The

Combined Volume 10th Edition Craig

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

2. The city to which Muslims aspire to make a pilgrimage (hajj) is

3. Before 600 C.E., the Arab people were united primarily by

4. Before Muhammad, Arabia was

5. The Muslim believes in all of the following except:

6. The faith that had the least influence on Islam was

7. Islam can best be described as

9. What is the main message of the Qur’an?

10. The Prophet Muhammad’s proclamation of the Qur’an

12. In Islam the umma is best defined as

13. According to the Qur’an, women have the right to

14. All of the following are part of pillars of Islam except:

15. In Islam the term caliph means

16. The Qur’an states that Abraham was

20. The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is built on a site holy to

23. Non-Arab converts to Islam

24. Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian minorities under Islamic rule

27. The mahdi is best defined as the

29. In general, the Sunni branch of Islam has

30. The Sunni position advocates all of the following except:

32. An important difference between Islam and Christianity is that

33. The Qur’an recognizes that a woman

34. The Mamluks were

38. In 945, the amirs were

40. Astronomy and medicine were among the disciplines

42. In general, Muslims in the Umayyad and Abbasid Dynasties

44. The traditional report, or hadith, became the chief source of

ESSAY AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

You might also like