639 Abutment Design

Draft Detailed Project Report
INPUT DATA
1 HYDRAULOGICAL DATA
High Flood Level (HFL) = 96.410 m
Design discharge in cumecs (Q) = 35.10 m3/sec
Vertical Clearance = 0.900 m
Afflux = 0.05 m
Freeboard = 0.950 m
Type of Soil (Hard Rock/Rock/Soil) = Soil
Silt Factor (from Soil) = 1.000
Mean Velocity of Water (Vm) (at 0.000 Chainage of River) = 0.521 m/sec
2 SUPERSTRUCTURE
Super Structure Details are addopted from Standard Drawing = 18.75 m RCC T-Beam
Grade of Concrete(Superstructure) = 30 (M)
skew angle = 0 ˚
Finished Road Level (FRL) = 99.400 m
Level at bottom of girder (Bearing level) = 97.450 m
Thickness of CEMENT concrete wearing coat = 0 m
Thickness of BITUMINOUS concrete wearing coat = 0.075 m
Unit weight of bituminous concrete wearing coat = 22 kN/m3
Effective span (c/c of bearing/cross girder/abutment) (Le) = 18.75 m
No. of Span = 1 no
Length between Expansion Gap center to center = 20.290 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall inner face to Deck edge = 0.040 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall outer face to Approach Slab = 0.020 m
Total length of bridge between Inner face of Dirt wall ( Ltotal ) = 20.330 m
Distance between center line of Cross Girder & Deck Edge = 0.750 m
Length of Approach Slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of Approach Slab = 0.300 m
Total Length of Bridge with Approach Slab = 28.170 m
Total width (W) = 8.450 m
Carriageway width = 7.500 m
Provision of Footpath = No Area of footpath
Width of Footpath = 0.000 m 0 m2
Width of Kerb (bk) = 0.475 m
Width of Crash Barrier (bc) = 0.000 m
Ht. of Kerb (hk) = 0.300 m
Ht. of Railing with kerb (hc) = 1.550 m
Area of Crash Barrier = 0.000 m2
Depth of Girder (Including Deck Slab) at mid point = 1.875
Depth of Girder (Excluding Deck Slab) = 1.620 m
Thickness of deck slab at end = 0.130 m
Thickness of deck slab at mid point = 0.255 m
Length of Cantilever portion of deck slab = 0.750 m
Camber in deck slab = 2.5 % (both side camber)
Unit weight of RCC = 25 kN/m3
Grade of Steel = 500 (Fe)
3 GIRDER DETAILS
No. of Longitudinal Girder = 3 no 1.79
No. of Cross Girder in one span = 3 no
Length of Centre line of bearing to Girder End = 0.75
Total Longitudinal Girder length end to end in one Span = 19.41
Length of the straight part of the Girder at support = 0.75 m
Length of the varying part of the Girder = 0.90 m
Length of the middle part = 16.11 m
Distance between center line of Longituding Girder = 2.500 m
Ht of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.25 m
Width of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.625 m
Ht of Trapizoidal portion in Bulb = 0.15 m
Thickness of Web of Longitudinal Girder = 0.325 m
Ht. of cross Girder = 1.220 m
Thickness of cross Girder = 0.300 m
Cross Sectional Area of Deck with Girder at mid portion = 4.057 m2
Cross Sectional Area of Deck with Girder at end portion = 4.705 m2
C.G. Distance of Girder Section (with Deck) from Bottom of Girder = 1.135 m
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Pier = 1950.000 kN
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Abutment = 975.000 kN
4 SUBSTRUCTURE & FOUNDATION

Grade of Concrete(Substructure & Foundation) = 30 (M)
2
Young's modulus of Concrete, Ecm = 31000 N/mm
(From table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 38)
Reinforcement
Grade of steel = 500 (Fe 500)
No of Abutment = 2 no
No of Pier = 0 no
FOR ABUTMENT
Type of Foundation = Pile foundation
Existing Ground Level (EGL) at A1 = 95.200 2.500 Excava
Existing Ground Level (EGL) at A2 = 95.000 2.300 tion
Top of pilecap = 94.500 m
Maximum Scour Level = 93.743 m
Bottom of Foundation/Pile Cap at Abutment Location = 92.700 m
Abutment Shaft
Thickness of Abutment Wall at top = 1.200 m
Thickness of Abutment Wall at bottom 1.200 m
Avg. Thickness of Abutment Wall = 1.200 m
Length of Abutment Wall = 8.450 m
Abutment Cap
Length of Abutment Cap = 8.450 m
Width of Abutment cap = 1.790 m
Height of Abutment cap = 0.800 m
Dirt Wall & Return Wall

Thickness of Dirt Wall = 0.400 m
Length of Dirt Wall = 8.450 m
Length of Return Wall = 3.500 m
Thickness of Return Wall at Edge = 0.300 m
Thickness of Return Wall at Face = 0.500 m
Abutment Foundation
Foundation Shape (Rectangle/Tappered) = Rectangle
Total Width of Abutment Foundation = 5.100 m
Width of Abutment Foundation at Toe Side = 1.950 m
Length of Abutment Foundation = 12.300 m
Thickness of Abutment Foundation at Abutment Face = 1.800 m
Thickness of Abutment Foundation at Edge = 1.800 m
Area of Tappered Foundation = 0.000 m2
Area of Rectangular Foundation = 9.180 m2
C.G of Trapizoidal part of Foundation from foundation bottom = 0.000 m
C.G of Rectangular part of Foundation from foundaion bottom = 0.900 m
C.G of Foundation = 0.900 m
Pile and pile cap :-

Diameter of piles = = 1.200 m
Height of pile cap = = 1.800 m
Length of pile cap = = 12.300 m
Width of pile cap = = 5.100 m
Length Pile= = 20.00 m
Vertical Capacity= 2400 KN Hor. Capacity = 350.00 Kn
5
DETAILS OF BEARING AND ARRESTER BLOCK
Bearing Type ( Elastomeric/ Rocker-Roller/ Pot cum PTFE ) = Pot cum PTFE
Bearing on Abt ( Elastomeric/ Rocker/Roller/ Pot/Pot cum PTFE ) = Pot cum PTFE
Bearing on Pier ( Elastomeric/ Rocker-Roller/ Pot PTFE/Pot-Pot/Rocker-Rocker ) = Pot cum PTFE
No. of Bearing at Abutment 3 no
No. of Bearing at Pier 0 no
Height of Bearing at C/L of slab = 0.14
Hight of Pedestal below centre Bearing = 0.25
a)
For Elastomeric Bearing
Length of Bearing (along road width ) = 0.5 m
Width of Bearing (along bridge length) = 0.45 m
Height of Bearing = 0.096 m
Maximum Height of Pedestal at Bearing side = 0.15 m
Length Width
M X M
6 M X M
SEISMIC ZONE
Seismic Zone = IV 0.24
Importance Factor = 1.2
From IRC:6 (Page - 23,Clause - 211)

Live Load For Calculations Crowd Load
Effective Span (M) 18.750 3 Lane IRC CLASS A 1 Lane 70R WHEEL 1 Lane 70R TRACKED Footpath LL(kN/m2)
IMPACT FACTOR 0.182 0.182 0.100 4.000
Multiplying Factor 1.182 1.182 1.100
Coefficient of linear Thermal Expansion = 0.0000117 per degree centegrade

Shrinkage Cofeeicient = 2.00E-04
From IRC:5 (Page - 16,Clause -106.2.1)
Design Minimum
Discharge Clearance (mm)
0.3 to 3 450
3 to 30 600
30 to 300 900
300 to 3000 1200
above 3000 1500
From IRC:6 (Page - 51,Table- 5,Clause - 222.5)

ZONE
ZONE NO.
FACTOR
Type of Bridge Importance Factor for Bridges

II 0.10
III 0.16 Normal Bridges 1.0
IV 0.24 Important Bridges 1.2
V 0.36 Large Critical Bridges 1.5
Wind Calculation:
Basic Wind speed = 50 m/s
wind speed 33 m/s,
Bridge Situated in
Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstruction
H (m) Vz (m/s)Pz (N/m2)Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5

15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2
50 33.1 569.2 24.9 370.4
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9
70 34 693.6 26.2 412.8
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3
90 34.9 729 27.5 454.2
100 35.3 747 28.2 475.6
H = avg. Height from Ground/water lev.

Vz = Hourly mean speed of wind at Ht. H
Pz = Horizontal wind mean speed of wind at Ht. H
Height of the superstructure = 8.250 m ~ 10 m

so,
Bridge Situated in
Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstruction
H (m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
10 42.12 1064.5 26.97 437.33
Super Structure:
Gust Factor = 2.00 No of beam b/d Value of CD
Deck Type = deck supported by plate girder Slab Bridge >=10 1.1
no. of girder = more than two single 2
Deck supported by beam or box girder 1.5
b= 18.75 m >=6 1.3
d= 1.62 m two or more 1.95
c= 2.50 m Deck supported by plate girder single 2.2
b/d = 11.57 two or more 2.2
Drag Coefficient = 1.95

Drag Coefficient = 1.3 d/b CD for pier t/b ratio of
1 2 4 6 10 20 40
<= 0.25 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2
< 0.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2 2
< .67 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2 2
<1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2
< 1.5 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2
<2 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1
<3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1
>=4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1
square or Octagonal 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1
12 side POLYGON 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1 1.1 1
circle with smooth surface 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1
circle with rough surface 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1 1
Thermal Calculation:
Thermal co-efficient of RCC (α) = 1.20E-05 /8C (Clause 215.4, IRC:6-2010, page-42)
Temperature variation at our location of bridge = 42.50 /8C (Fig. 8&9, IRC:6-2010, pages-39,40)
= t/2 21.25 /8C
So, movement of deck due to temperature variation = L.α.t 0.004 m

= 3.825 mm
ANALYSIS OF ABUTMENT
Basic design data:-
a) Superstructure:-
Formation level = 99.400 m
Overall length of Bridge= 21.13 m
Span ( c/c of expansion joint) = 20.290 m
Distance between C/l of bearing to C/l of exp. joint = 0.77 m
Effective span (C/C of bearing) = 18.750 m
Clear carraige way width = 7.500 m
Depth of girder+deck slab at CL of carraigeway = 1.875 m
Thickness of bituminous concrete Wearing Coat (on carriageway)= 0.075 m
b) Hydraulic and survey data :-
H.F.L = 96.410 m
Lowest Bed Level, LBL 94.800 m
Max. scour level = 93.743 m ( Non seismic case)
c) Sub-structure :-
Bearing and pedestal :
Level of bearings = 97.45 m.
Thickness of bearing = 0.140 m
Thickness of pedestal = 0.250 m
Maximum ht of bearing + pedestal = 0.390 m
d) Abutment cap :
Top of abutment Cap = 97.060 m
Bottom of Abutment cap = 96.260 m
Length of abutment Cap = 8.450 m
Thickness of abutment cap for rectangular section = 0.800 m
Width of abutment cap at top (including dirt wall part) = 1.790 m
Width of abutment cap at bottom = 1.790 m
abutment shaft :
Total length of abutment shaft = 8.45 m
Thickness of abutment wall = 1.200 m
Height of abutment wall = 1.760 m
Height of frame at abutment location = 2.950 m
Dirt wall :
Thikcness of Dirt wall = 0.400 m
Height of Dirt wall = 2.265 m
Length of dirt wall = 8.450 m
Return wall :
Width of Return wall = (avg.) 0.400 m
Length of return wall = 3.500 m
Height of return wall = 4.450 m
Pile and pile cap :
Diameter of pile = 1.2 m
Thickness of pile cap = 1.800 m
Length of pile cap = 12.30 m
Width of pile cap = 5.10 m
Bottom of pile cap = 92.700 m
Top of pile Cap = 94.500 m
Top of pile = 92.850 m
Approach Slab :
Length of approach slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At mid-section)
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At edge)
d) Material Properties :
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Cement concrete Wearing Coat (on footpath)= M 30
3
Unit Weight of concrete = 25 KN/m
3
Unit Weight of Cement concrete Wearing Coat = 25 KN/m
3
Unit Weight of Bituminous concrete Wearing Coat = 22 KN/m
e) Soil property:-
3
Density of soil = 20.00 KN/m
Angle of Shearing resistance of backfill soil = 30o
Property of Backfill material behind Abutment and Return wall
o
f= 30.00
o
d= 20.00
o
a= 0.00
o
i= 0.00
3
g= 20.00 KN/m
LOAD CALCULATIONS
Permanent Load :
Self Weight/Dead Load
Dead Load from super-structure = 1950 KN

So, dead load in one abutment = 975 KN
Self weight of dirt wall = ( 8.45 m x 2.265 m x 0.4 m x 25 )= 191.3925 KN
Line of action of load from center of abutment = -0.99 m
Self weight of Abutment Cap = ( 8.45 m x 1.79 m x 0.8 m x 25 )= 302.510 KN
Self weight of abutment shaft = ( 8.45 m x 1.76 m x 1.2 m x 25 )= 446.16 KN
Self weight of pile cap = ( 12.3 m x 1.8 m x 5.1 m x 25 )= 2822.85 KN
Self weight of return wall = ( 2 x 3.5m x 0.4m x 4.45m x 25 )= 311.5 KN
Backfill Weight
Weight of backfill above the heel side of the abutment pile cap =
( 11.5mx1.95mx4mx20)= 1794 KN
Distance of center of load from abutment center = 1.575 m
Earth Pressure
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Static)
cos2(f-a) = 0.75
cos2a = 1.00
cos(d+a) = 0.94
cos(a-i) = 1.00
sin(f+d) = 0.77
sin(f-i) = 0.50
Ka = 0.279
Considering dirt wall
Height of Dirt wall = H = 2.265 m
2.265
0.951
12.64 KN/m2
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x2.265 = 12.64 KN/m
Total load on dirt wall = 120.95 KN
This load is located 0.42 of the height of wall above base,
Lever arm = 0.951 m…..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Moment at dirt wall base = 115.057 KN-m
Considering abutment wall :

Height of the abutment=Height of abutment wall+Dirt wall= 4.825 m
Length of abutment wall = 8.45 m
Height from pile cap bottom to deck level = 6.625 m
4.82
2.03
2
26.561 KN/m
Calculation of moment due to earth pressure :-

2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x4.825 = 26.924 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill earth = 548.85 KN (Considering abutment bottom)
This load is located 0.42 of the height of wall above base,
Lever arm = 2.027 m…..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Acting at a ht of = 2.027 m ( from base of abutment )
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x6.625 = 36.968 KN/m2
Horizontal force due to backfill earth = 1034.74 KN (Considering pile cap bottom)
Acting at a ht of = 0.42 m of total height = 2.78 m ( from bottom of pile cap level )
Total moment at the base of abutment due to earth pressure = 1112.249 KN-m
Total moment at the base of pile cap due to earth pressure = 2879.1736 KN-m
Variable gravity loads treated as permanent loads
Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)
Live load on Footpath = 0 kN 0

Wt. of Inner Kerb = 0 kN 144.56625
Wt. of Railing = 49.68 kN
Wt. of Outer Kerb = 204.93 kN
Utility Portion = 66.24 kN
TOTAL SIDL LOAD = 320.85 kN
Super Imposed Dead Load acting on abutment = 160 kN
Surfacing and Wearing Coat

Surfacing or loading on abutment due to cement concrete wearing coat = (20.29m x 7.5m x 0.075m x 22) KN
(For carriageway) = 125.54 KN
So,on one abutment total surfacing load or load due to wearing coat = 125.54 KN
Vehicular Live Load
Carriageway Live load

(I) 2 lanes of Class-A
(II) 2 lane of 70R Tracked
(III) 2 lane of 70R Wheel
1 Type of Loading = Class A train of vehicle.
A) One Span Loaded
Span, Le = 18.750 m Case - 1: One Lane / one span loaded.
Lc = 0.75 m Minimum Clearence = 150 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of ground contact (In transverse direction) = 500 mm
Impact Factor = 1.182 Width of crash barrier & kerb = 475 mm
Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
114 114 68 68 68 68
1.2 4.3 3 3 3 5.00
0.750 18.7500 0.750

Rb Ra
0.875 1.8
4.225 eT 4.225
Maximum Reaction = Rb = 434.5 kN

And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 2.45 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0m
Case - 2: Two Lane / One span loaded.
Minimum clearence = 1200 mm between two outer edges of vehicle.
CG of Load
0.95
0.475 0.4 1.2 0.35
1.8 1.45
4.225 4.225
456
Maximum Reaction = 869.1 kN
2 Type of Loading = IRC class 70R Tracked

A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70R Tracked + Class A
Span, Le = 19 m Minimum Clearence = 1200 mm
Lc = 0.75 m Width of ground contact = 840 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of footpath with kerb & crash barrier = 475 mm
Impact factor = 1.100 Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
700/4.57 = 153.17 kN/m

4.57
0.75 18.7500 0.75

Rb Ra
70R Tracked Loading 1.11
350 350
0.475 1.2 1.2

0.84 0.84
4.225 4.225
700
Maximum Reaction for 70R Tracked = Rb = 713.7 kN
Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 713.7 kN

3 Type of Loading = IRC 70 R Wheel

A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70 R Wheel + Class A
Span, Le = 19 m Minimum Clearence = 1200 mm
Lc = 0.75 m Width of ground contact = 860 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of footpath with kerb & crash barrier = 475 mm
Impact factor = 1.182 Width of carriageway = 7.5 m
170 170 170 170 120 120 80

1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 6.10
0.75 18.7500 0.75

Rb Ra
Maximum reaction = Rb = 906.28 kN
Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 906.28 kN
max longitudinal eccentricity = eL = 0.00 m
70R Wheeled Loading
170 170
0.475 1.2 0.86 0.86

1.07
4.225 4.225
340
max transverse eccentricity = eT = 1.16 m
Vehicular live load

Detail analysis of vehicular live loads are done in previous pier analysis sheets
Load cases considered for abutment are tabulated bellow :
Load due to
Load due to RA eL eT ML MT
CASE additional
main wheel (kN) (m) (m) (kN-m) (kN-m)
wheel
CLASS A
1000 0 869.09 0 0.950 0 825.640
TWO LANE SINGLE SPAN
700 0 713.717 0 1.110 0 792.226

70R TRACKED
70R WHEELED 1000 0 906.276 0 1.155 0 1046.748
Longitudinal Forces
Calculation of Braking Forces ……. (Ref. cl. 211 of IRC 6-2017, page-37)
Case - I Case - III Case - V

Braking force line of action
1.2m Class A -
TWO lane / 70R Wh.
one span 70R Tr. one Load one
loaded span loaded span loaded
a Total Load kN = 500 700 1000
b Braking force Fh kN = 100 140 200
c Braking force at Abutment side Fh kN = 100.00 140.00 200.00
d Breaking forces at bearing level μ(Rg + Rq) kN = 63.902 59.241 65.017
e ThickNess of wearing coat m = 0.075 0.075 0.075
f Ht. of Braking force act above bearing m = 3.075 3.075 3.075
g Moment at bearing level kN-m = 307.50 430.50 615.00
h Reaction as push/pull (+/-) kN = 15.155 21.217 30.310
i For moment at Abt. base, lever arm m = 2.950 2.950 2.950
j Longitudinal moment at Abt. base due to bearing force kN-m = 201.00 192.02 205.02
Calculation of Bearing Forces:
Bearing type- one side is fixed.

As per IRC 6-2017 Clause-211.5.1 μ= 0.03
Beaing Forces in Abutment Cap = Case-I μ(Rg + Rq) = 63.90 59.24 65.02
or
Case-I μ(Rg + Rq) = 63.90 59.24 65.02
Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :
Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

2
Equivalent to 1.2 m height of soil = 6.70 KN/m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC 6-2017,page-37)
Considering dirt wall :

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 15.166 KN
Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

load surcharge = 145.137 KN-m
2.265
1.133
2
6.70 KN/m
Considering Abutment Shaft

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 273.004 KN (For abutment)
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 374.850 KN (For pile cap base)
Moment at base of abutment wall due to live
Moment at base of pile cap due to live
4.825 load surcharge = 1241.692 KN-m
2.413
6.70 KN/m2
Wind load calculation:
(As per IRC 6-2017, clause 209, page-33)
pz = 463.7 N/m2 (From IRC:6-2014, table 5, for 33m/s basic wind speed)
Basic wind speed at bridge location = 50 m/s
Actual hourly mean wind pressure = 1.06 KN/m2
Wind force = Area x pz x G x ( CD or CL )
= Area x pz'
= Area x 4.152 KN/m2 for super-structure
Where G = 2.00
CD = 1.95 for super-structure (from table 5, IRC:6-2014, page-33)
1.3 for abutment shaft
CL = 0.75 (Lift co-efficient)
Wind load as per clause 209, IRC 6-2017
a Wind Force on superstructure:
i. Transverse wind force (FT) :
Solid area (A1) = Exposed area in Transverse direction = 38.0438 m2
FT = 157.942 kN
ii. Longitudinal wind force (FL) :
FL = 25% of transverse wind force = 39.49 kN
iii. Vertical wind load (FV) :
Plan area (A3) = 171.5 m2
Lift Coefficient (CL) = 0.75
FV = 129 kN
b Wind force on live load:
as per clause 209.3.7 of IRC: 6, 2014, bridge shall not be
considered to carry any live load if the basic wind velocity exceeds 36m/sec.
c Wind force on Substructure:
Abutment Cap Velocity Of Wind
i. Transverse wind force: Position Direction vert. comp. Hortz. Comp.
Exposed area = 1.43 m2 kN kN
Super
Transverse wind force = 4.0 kN structure Transverse 128.59 157.94
ii. Longitudinal Wind Force: Longitudinal 39.49
Exposed area = 6.8 m2
ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS
Seismic Hazards
Seismic Zone of bridge location = IV

Zone factor, Z = 0.24 (Table 7, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Seismic importance factor of the structure I = 1.2 (Table 8, IRC:6-2014, page-55)
Average response acceleration co-efficient (Sa/g) 2.5 (Clause 219.5.1, IRC:6-2014, page-54)
Horizontal seismic co-efficient Ah
= (Z/2)X (I)X(Sa/g)/R = 0.360 /R
Where R is response reduction factor to be considered
Is ductile detailing to be done ? Yes
Value of R for sub-structure = 3
Hence horizontal seismic co-efficient (Ah) for sub-structure = 0.12
Horizontal seismic force, Feq = Ah.(Dead Load+Appropriate Live Load)
Seismic force due to dead load
(Inertia loads due to self-mass generated in bridge structure by ground acceleration)
A. Seismic on Superstructure:
Seismic forces in super-structure and SIDL without surfacing is done in previous pier calculation sheets
Dead Load from super-structure and SIDL without surfacing = = 1135 KN
C.G. Distance of Girder Section (with Deck) from Bottom of Girder = 1.135 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.12
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah x (Total Dead Load)= 136.25 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support Fh/2 = 68.13 KN ………r1
Acting at RL = 98.585 m
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 1.135 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 77.29 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 3.809 KN
Lever arm for moment at abutment base = 4.084 m
Longitudinal moment at abutment base = 278.259 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction = Fh/2 = 68.13 KN ………..r2
Transeverse moment at abutment base = 278.26 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 45.417 KN …r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = 102.18825 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = 102.18825 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = 86.2923 KN
Design longitudinal moment at Abutment base= Mz + 0.3Mx = 361.736186 KN-m
Design transeverse moment at Abutment base = 0.3Mz+ Mx = 361.736186 KN-m
Design longitudinal moment at bottom of pile-cap= Mz + 0.3Mx = 521.15 KN-m
Design transverse moment at bottom of pile-cap=0.3 Mz + Mx = 521.15 KN-m
B. Seismic on Sufacing:
Surfacing or load due to wearing coat = 125.544 KN
C.G. of wearing coat from girder bottom = 1.913 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.12
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah*(Total Dead Load) = 15.065 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support =Fh/2 = 7.533 KN ………r1
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 1.91 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 14.41 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 0.71 KN
Longitudinal moment at abutment base = 36.63 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction taken by one support = 7.533 KN ………..r2
Transeverse moment at abutment base = 36.63 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 5.022 KN ……r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC 6-2017, page-47)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC 6-2017, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = 11.2989938 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = 11.2989938 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz+ 0.3Mx = 47.616 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz+ Mx = 47.62 KN-m
Design transverse moment at bottom of pile-cap= 0.3Mz + Mx = 65.24 KN-m
C. Seismic on Dirt wall :

CG of the dirt wall from top of pile cap = 2.892 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_dirt wall = 22.97 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 97.393 m RL
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base = 66.432 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_dirt wall = 22.97 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at Abutment base = 66.432 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
= 15.311 KN ………r3

Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1 ±0.3r2 ±0.3r3 = 34.45065 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1 ±r2 ±0.3r3 = 34.45065 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 86.362 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 86.362 KN-m
D. Seismic on Abutment Cap:
CG of the abutment cap from top of pile cap = 2.160 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_cap = 36.30 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment = = 78.411 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x A_cap = 36.30 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment = 78.411 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component
(Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
= 24.201 KN ………r3
E. Seismic on Abutment Shaft:

CG of the abutment shaft from top of pile cap = 0.880 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x A_shaft = 53.54 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base = 47.11 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x A_cap = 53.54 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at Abutment base = 47.11 KN-m ……..Mx
= 35.693 KN ………r3

F. Seismic on Return Walls:

CG of the return walls from top of pile cap 2.225 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x R_walls 37.38 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL 96.725 m RL
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base 83.171 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x R_walls 37.38 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL 96.725 m RL
Transeverse moment at Abutment base 83.171 KN-m ……..Mx
= 24.920 KN ………r3

G. Seismic on Pile Cap :
CG of the pile cap from bottom of pile cap = = 0.900 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Pile cap = 338.74 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment at bottom of pile cap = 304.868 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Pile cap = 338.74 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at bottom of pile cap = 304.868 KN-m ……..Mx
= 225.828 KN ………r3

H. Seismic on carriageway live load …….(Clause 219.5.2, IRC:6-2014, page-55)
(Inertia loads due to mass of vehicular live load)
20% Reaction Ah Transverse Acting RL Lever arm Transver vertical

(KN) seismic force at (+1.20) at se force
Abutment moment compon
Live Load Case
base at ent
Abutme
sl. No. nt base
For Class-A Class A 70R
2 Two lane class A/ one span loaded 173.82 0.120 20.86 100.60 6.10 127.24 13.91
For IRC class 70R Tracked
5 Two lane 70R TR one span loaded 142.74 0.120 17.13 100.60 6.10 104.49 11.42
For IRC class 70R Wheeled
7 Two lane 70R Wh. one span loaded 181.26 0.120 21.75 100.60 6.10 132.68 14.50
I. Increased Earth Pressure due to Seismic
Calculation of Dynamic Earth Pressure Coefficient …..(Clause 8, IS:1893-1984, page-46)

Horizontal seismic force co-efficient = Ah = 0.12
Horizontal seismic force co-efficient = Av = 0.08
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Dynamic)
For +Av : For -Av :

1+Av = 1.080 1-Av = 0.920
l= tan-1{Ah/(1+Av)}= 6.3402 o
l = tan-1{Ah/(1-Av)} = 7.4314 o
cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8390 cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8527

cos(d+a+l) = 0.8962 cos(d+a+l) = 0.8876
cos(a-i) = 1.0000 cos(a-i) = 1.0000
cosl = 0.9939 cosl = 0.9916
cos2a = 1.0000 cos2a = 1.0000
sin(f+d) = 0.7660 sin(f+d) = 0.7660
sin(f-i-l) = 0.4013 sin(f-i-l) = 0.3838
Ca = 0.405 Ca = 0.359
Maximum of these two = 0.405 to be considered
Considering dirt wall portion

2.265
1.133
5.69 KN/m2
Dynamic increment :
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill = 5.69 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill soil = 54.45 KN
Acting at =2.265x.5 1.133 m
(Clause-8.1.1.2,IS:1893-1984,Page-47)
Bending moment increment for dynamic condition= 521.08 KNm

4.825
2.41
11.760 KN/m2
Dynamic increment
2
Earth pressure at abutment base due to backfill = 12.12 KN/m
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 247.07 KN (For abutment shaft)
Acting at a ht. of = 2.41 m ( from base of abutment )
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 419.15 KN (from bottom of pile cap)
Acting at a ht. of = 3.31 m ( from bottom of pile cap level )
Total moment increment at the base of abutment due to Earth pressure = 596.07 KN-m
Total moment increment at the base of pile cap due to Earth pressure = 1388.42 KN-m
Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :
Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

2
Equivalent to 1.2 m height of soil = 3.01 KN/m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Considering dirt wall :

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 57.609 KN
Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

2.265
1.133
2
3.01 KN/m
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 122.721 KN (For abutment)
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 168.504 KN (For pile cap bnase)
Moment at base of abutment wall due to live

Moment at base of pile cap due to live
4.825
2.412
3.01 KN/m2
J. Effects of liquefaction of soils :
Incorporating the reccomendtations on effect of liquefaction of soil (if any), strength
of piles are determined and considered during design of piles.
Load combination at abutment base:-
SL
LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
NO
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 975
ii Self weight of dirt wall 191.39 -0.99 -189.479
iii Self weight of abutment cap 302.51 -0.30 -89.240
iv Self weight of abutment wall 446.16 0.00 0.000
v Self weight of return wall 311.5 -2.35 -732.025
vi Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 548.85 2.03 1112.249
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 160
ii Surfacing 125.544
D Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 869.1 0.00 825.64
iii 70R TRACKED 713.7 0.00 792.23
v 70R WHEELED 906.3 0.00 1046.75
i Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 15.2 163.90 2.950 483.51
iii 70R TRACKED 21.2 199.24 2.950 587.76
v 70R WHEELED 30.3 265.02 2.950 781.80
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 273.00 1.13 309.18
E Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 86.29 102.19 102.19 361.74 361.74
b) Surfacing 9.54 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30
c) on dirt wall 29.09 34.45 34.45 86.36 86.36
d) on abutment cap 45.98 54.45 54.45 101.93 101.93
e) on abutment wall 67.82 80.31 80.31 61.25 61.25
f) on return wall 47.35 56.07 56.07 108.12 108.12
vertical push-pull due to seismic at sup. 15.57
Seismic forces for Live Load
iii 70R TRACKED 11.4 17.13 6.10 104.49
v 70R WHEELED 14.5 21.75 6.10 132.68
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 128.59 39.49 157.94 3.96 625.84
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 247.07 2.41 596.07
Increased surcharge earth pressure due to seismic 122.721 2.412 296.07
Load combination at Bottom of Pile Cap level (For pile) :-
SL
LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
NO
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 975.00
ii Self weight of dirt wall 191.39 -189.479
iii Self weight of abutment cap 302.51 -89.24
iv Self weight of abutment wall 446.16 0.00
v Self weight of return wall 311.5 -732.03
vi Self weight of pile cap 2822.9
vii Back Fill weight on pile cap 1794.0 -3594.36
viii Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 1034.74 2.78 2879.17
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 160.425
ii Surfacing 125.544
D Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 735.27 0.00 698.51
iii 70R TRACKED 648.83 0.00 720.21
v 70R WHEELED 766.73 0.00 885.57
Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
iii 70R TRACKED 21.22 199.24 4.75 946.39
v 70R WHEELED 30.31 265.02 4.75 1258.83
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 374.85 3.31 1241.69
E Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 86.29 102.19 102.19 521.15 521.15
b) Surfacing 9.54 11.30 11.30 65.24 65.24
c) on dirt wall 29.09 34.45 34.45 140.11 140.11
d) on abutment cap 45.98 54.45 54.45 186.88 186.88
e) on abutment wall 67.82 80.31 80.31 186.53 186.53
f) on return wall 47.35 56.07 56.07 195.59 195.59
g) on pile cap 429.07 508.11 508.11 396.33 396.33
vertical push-pull due to seismic at sup. 19.46
Seismic forces for Live Load
iii 70R TRACKED 11.42 17.13 7.90 135.32
v 70R WHEELED 14.50 21.75 7.90 171.83
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 128.59 39.49 157.94 5.76 910.14
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 419.147 3.31 1388.42
Increased surcharge earth pressure seismic 168.504 3.31 558.17
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT BASE (For Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 2226.56 -1010.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 125.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 869.09 0.00 825.64 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 713.72 0.00 792.23 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 906.28 0.00 1046.75 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(3L/1S) LL1 15.16 483.51 0.00 163.90 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 21.22 587.76 0.00 199.24 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 30.31 781.80 0.00 265.02 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 1112.25 0.00 548.85 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 309.18 0.00 273.00 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 286.07 730.70 730.70 338.77 338.77
Seismic Class A(3L/1S) LL1 13.91 0.00 127.24 0.00 20.86
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.42 0.00 104.49 0.00 17.13
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.50 0.00 132.68 0.00 21.75
Wind load 128.59 0.00 625.84 39.49 157.94
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 596.07 0.00 247.07 0.00
Increased EP surch. due to Sis. 0.00 296.07 0.00 122.72 0.00
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
A DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 1.50 LL 1.50
Braking LL 1.15 Braking LL 1.15
EP 1.50 EP 1.50
EP LL surcharge 1.20 EP LL surcharge 1.20
WL 1.50
SEISMIC CASE
A C
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL S+EP S+EP LL S DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1.00
LL 0 EP 1.00
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.00
EP 1 EP seis 1.00
EP LL surcharge 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu
1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 4763.21 1230.92 1238.46 1339.37 0.00
NON SEISMIC

4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 4956.09 1230.92 2177.23 1398.60 236.91
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 4570.32 1230.92 299.69 1280.14 -236.91
10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL1 S+EP S+EP LL S2815.54 1882.88 857.94 1344.80 359.63
SEISMIC
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 2798.60 1428.27 730.70 1134.69 338.77
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT BASE (For Servicibility Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 2226.56 -1010.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 125.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 869.09 0.00 825.64 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 713.72 0.00 792.23 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 906.28 0.00 1046.75 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 21.22 587.76 0.00 199.24 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 30.31 781.80 0.00 265.02 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 1112.25 0.00 548.85 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.42 0.00 104.49 0.00 17.13
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.50 0.00 132.68 0.00 21.75
Wind load 128.59 0.00 625.84 39.49 157.94
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
SIDL 1.00 SIDL 1.00
LL 1.00 LL 1.00
EP 1.00 EP 1.00
WL 1.00
SEISMIC CASE
A C
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1.00
LL 0 EP 1.00
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.00
EP 1 EP seis 1.00
EP LL surcharge
10006.54 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu
NON SEISMIC

ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN
Total Ultimate Loads (Loads in KN, moments in KN-m)

Load Case Vu MLu MTu
12 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 8457.50 1942.5 863.38
6 Maximum vertical load case 5029.29 1574.0 2508.9
11 Minimum vertical load case 2814.27 1903.7 835.2
13 Unloaded case 2798.60 1428.3 730.70
Section is checked at abutment base
Length of abutment = 8.450 m

Abutment stem thickness at bottom = 1.2 m
2
Area of section = 10.14 m
Grade of concrete : M 30
Ecm of concrete = 31000 N/mm2 (From table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 38)
Es of steel = 200000 N/mm2 (From clause6.3.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 32)
Design compressive strength of concrete = sc = fcd = afck/gm = 13.400 N/mm2

(From clause6.3.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 49)
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 N/mm2
Checking as wall:
Ref. Cl-7.6.4.1, IRC-112:2011
0.1.fcd.Ac= 13587.6 kN
Maximum Design verical Load= 5029.29 kN
The section is to be designed for pure bending element also.
Checking for pure Bending:
Design moment = 1942.53 KN-m
Width of section = 8.45 m
Depth of section = 1.2 m
Concrete failure strain = εcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = εc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Yield strain of steel = 0.87fy/Es = 0.00218
Limiting strain of steel = (0.87fy/Es+0.002) = 0.00418
Total reinforcement provided = 18212 mm2

Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1115 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87fyAst )/(0.36fckb )= 86.81 mm
Actual strain in steel = 0.045 mm
Stress in steel = 434.783 Mpa
Balanced Neutral Axis depth xu,max = 508.44 mm
So, Section is under reinforced, ok, proceed
CG of compressive force = 36.113 mm from most compressed surface
Moment of resistance, Mu =0.87*fy*Ast*(d-0.416*xu) =
8547.18 kN-m OK
Slenderness criteria check:
Clear height of Abutment shaft = 1.76 m (upto abutment cap top)
Effective length, l e = 1.3l 0 = 2.288 5
Now thickness of the wall, t = 1.2 m

Ratio of effective length to its thickness, l e /t = 1.907
As the ratio does not exceed 12, it is short and no secondary effect to be considered
(clause 7.6.4, IRC:112-2011, page-57)
1 Analysis of section longitudinal direction : ( Check for load combination case 3 )

2
Provide 20 mm dia. Bar 58 nos 18212 mm
2
+ 16 mm dia. Bar 58 nos 11655.68 mm
2
and 20 mm dia. Bar 9 nos 2826 mm
2
+ 20 mm dia. Bar 9 nos 2826 mm
Effective cover = 85 mm
The section is divided into 8 segments. Depth of each = 150 mm
2
Area of reinforcement in segment 1 = 18840 mm
2
Area of steel in segment 2 to 7 628 mm
2
Area of steel in segment 8 14481.68 mm
2
total area of steel = 29867.68 mm
% of steel = 0.30
P / fck = 0.010 section about longituidinal (xx) axis -
Pu / fck x b x d = 0.03 d' / D = 0.071 ~ 0.10
so, Mu / fck x b x d2 = 0.020 fy = 500
so, Mux1 = 7300.8 kN-m use chart no. 36
section about transverse (yy) axis -

Pu / fck x b x d = 0.03 d' / D = 0.010 ~ 0.05
so, Mu / fck x b x d2 = 0.03 fy = 500
so, Muy1 = 77114.7 kN-m use chart no. 35
Interaction check
(MEdx/MRdx)â+(MEdy/MRdy)â<= 1 (Eq. 8.3, IRC:112-2011,page-75)

6 = L/C - 12 L/C - 6 L/C - 13 L/C - 11
MEdx = Design moment in longitudinal direction = KN-m 1942.53 1574.0 1428.3 1903.7
MEdy = Design moment in transeverse direction = KN-m 863.38 2508.89 730.70 835.19
MRdx = Resisting moment in longitudinal direction = KN-m 7300.80 7300.80 7300.80 7300.80
MRdy = Resisting moment in transeverse direction = KN-m 77114.7 77114.7 77114.7 77114.7
NEd = Design axial force = KN 8457.50 5029.29 2798.60 2814.27
NRd = Design axial resistance = KN 148461.7 148461.72 148461.72 148461.72
NEd/NRd = 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Type of cross section of abutment = Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular
a= 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
(MEdx/MRdx)â+(MEdy/MRdy)â = 0.30 0.25 0.21 0.27
Check = OK OK OK OK
ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN (SLS)
Load Case Vu MLu MTu

3 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 3449.11802 1192.5 1046.7484
6 Maximum vertical load case 3577.71 1192.4839 1672.5929
8 Minimum vertical load case 3118.88 998.44239 166.38102
Stress level check:
Grade of concrete = M 30
Width of section considered = 1m
Section is checked for SLS

Design moment = 141.12 KN-m (for 1m width)
Width of section = 1m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 31000 Mpa
Modular ratio in tension = 9.3
Concrete failure strain = 0.0035
Maximum allowable stress in concrete = 0.48fck = 14.4 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
Maximum allowable stress in steel = 0.8fyk = 400 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
2
Total reinforcement provided = 2162 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 192.90 mm
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force)
So, stress in steel = 62.1 Mpa OK, within permissible limit
Total force = 134.3 KN
Stress in concrete = 1.4 Mpa OK, within permissible limit
Crack width check:
Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

sm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
cm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.
Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)
Where, ssc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 62.14 Mpa
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.4516
fct.eff = mean value of tensile strength of concrete = 2.5 Mpa
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
the reinforcement of depth h c.eff
Where, hc.eff = lesser of the followings
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
Where, A = level of steel centroid
B = Effective tension area, Ac.eff
1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
So, hc.eff = 212.5 mm

2
Ac.eff = 212500 mm
Now. rr.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.0101722
kt = factor dependant on duration of the load may be taken as 0.5
Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,
Where, f = diameter of bar = 25 mm c = clear cover = 75 mm

k1 = co-efficient taking acount of bond properties of reinforcement = 0.8
k2 = coefficient taking account of distribution of strain = 0.5
So,Sr.max = 672.805 mm
And, sm-cm = -0.0003441
Minimum value of sm - cm = 0.0001864
So, governing value of sm - cm = 0.000186408
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) = 0.125 mm

Maximum crack width = 0.3 mm (Table 12.1, IRC:112-2011, page-122)
crack width within permissible limit
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP BASE (Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 6843.41 -4605.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.425 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 125.54438 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 735.27 0.00 698.51 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 648.83 0.00 720.21 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 766.73 0.00 885.57 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 21.22 946.39 0.00 199.24 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 30.31 1258.83 0.00 265.02 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 2879.17 0.00 1034.74 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.42 0.00 135.32 0.00 17.13
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.50 0.00 171.83 0.00 21.75
Wind load 128.59 0.00 910.14 39.49 157.94
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
LL 1.5 LL 1.5
EP 1.5 EP 1.5
WL 1.5
SEISMIC CASE
A C
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1
LL 0 EP 1
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1
EP 1 EP seis 1
EP LL surcharge 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
V ML MT HL HT
N
O
N 3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP LL 10859.84 1039.55 1328.36 2306.71 0.00
S 5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL 10865.42 680.25 2445.52 2290.29 236.91
E 6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL+WL 11052.72 1039.55 2693.57 2365.93 236.91
I
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 10602.34 487.21 -317.44 2131.19 -236.91
S
M 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 10479.65 680.25 -284.90 2171.83 -236.91
I 9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL-WL 10666.95 1039.55 -36.85 2247.48 -236.91
C 10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL1 S+EP S+EP LL S 7861.46 2316.53 1856.61 2577.03 867.74
11 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL3 S+EP S+EP LL S 7860.19 2350.10 1827.15 2584.09 864.01
12 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL5 S+EP S+EP LL S 7865.09 2412.59 1863.66 2597.25 868.63
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 7844.53 1354.32 1691.83 2300.77 846.88
CHECK FOR PILE CAPACITY
Diameter of pile = 1.2 m

C/C of pile along longitudinal direction = 3.6 m
C/C of pile along transeverse direction = 3.6 m
No. of piles along longitudinal direction = 2 nos.
No. of piles along transeverse direction = 4 nos.
Pile cap dimension in longitudinal direction = 5.1 m as per requirement of pile no.
Abutment dimension in longitudinal direction = 1.2 m as per requirement abutment
dist. Betwn. c/c of Pile in longitudinal direction = 3.6 m
Final Pile cap dimension in longitudinal direction = 5.1 m
Pile cap dimension in transeverse direction = 12.3 m as per requirement of pile no.
Abutment dimension in transeverse direction = 8.45 m as per requirement abutment
dist. Betwn. c/c of Pile in Transverse direction = 3.600 m
Final Pile cap dimension in Transverse direction = 12.30 m
Depth of pile cap = 1.8 m
Earth height above pile cap = 6.175 m
Clear cover = 0.075 m
Effective depth of pile cap = 1.713 m
12.30
3.60
5.1
Load combination for pile load (with unfactored load)

in KN
Load Case V ML MT HL HT
MLmax 1 7926.42 774.59 885.57 1674.61 0.00
Normal Case
Vmax 2 7926.42 774.59 885.57 1674.61 0.00
Unloaded
MLmax 3 7129.38 -1725.93 0.00 1034.74 0.00
Non seismic
Unloaded
MLmax 4 7844.53 1354.32 1691.83 2300.77 846.88
seismic
MLmax 5 8055.01 774.59 1795.71 1714.10 157.94 Considering
Vmax 6 8055.01 774.59 1795.71 1714.10 157.94 Wind
MLmax 7 8631.82 3405.94 2749.23 2897.13 868.63 Considering
Vmax 8 8631.82 3405.94 2749.23 2897.13 868.63 Seismic
Check for pile capacity
TRAFFIC DIRECTION
Total no. of pile = 8
Pile No. Trans. Long.

xi yi A xi2 yi2 -1.8 5.4 1.8 5.4
8 1
1 1.80 5.40 3.24 29.16
2 1.80 1.80 3.24 3.24
3 1.80 -1.80 3.24 3.24
4 1.80 -5.40 3.24 29.160
7 2
5 -1.80 -5.40 3.24 29.16 -1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
6 -1.80 -1.80 3.24 3.240
7 -1.80 1.80 3.24 3.24 00
8 -1.80 5.40 3.24 29.160 6 3
-1.8 -1.8 1.8 -1.8
00
Total 25.92 129.60
-1.8 5 -5.4 1.8 4 -5.4

3
ZT1 = 24 M
3
ZT2 = 72 M
ZL = 14.4 M3
Moment per unit load on pile at provided pile cap position = 3.5 KN-m/KN
Moment
in pile due
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2 H/N to
horizontal
force
1 990.803 53.791 36.899 12.300 209.326 732.642
2 990.803 53.791 36.899 12.300 209.326 732.642
3 891.173 -119.856 0.000 0.000 129.343 452.700
4 980.566 94.050 70.493 23.498 306.461 1072.612
5 1006.876 53.791 74.821 24.940 215.170 753.094
6 1006.876 53.791 74.821 24.940 215.170 753.094
7 1078.977 236.524 114.551 38.184 378.068 1323.239
8 1078.977 236.524 114.551 38.184 378.068 1323.239
Vertical Loads on piles

Load Pile marks 1,4,5,8 Pile marks 2,3,7,6
Case Vmax Vmin Vmax Vmin
1 1081.493 900.113 1056.894 924.712
2 1081.493 900.113 1056.894 924.712
3 771.316 1011.029 771.316 1011.029
4 1145.108 816.023 1098.113 863.018
5 1135.489 878.264 1085.608 928.145
6 1135.489 878.264 1085.608 928.145
7 1430.052 727.902 1353.685 804.270
8 1430.052 727.902 1353.685 804.270
Now
Vmax = 1430.052 KN
Load Case = 7 (seismic)
Coresponding moment = 1323.239 KN-M
Mmax = 1323.239 KN-M
Load Case = 7
Coresponding min. vertical load = 727.90236 KN
Maximum horizontal force = 209.326 KN
From geotechnical investigation report

For pile length 20.00 m
Vertical capacity = 2400 KN OK
Horizontal capacity = 350.00 KN OK
DESIGN OF PILE CAP BY BENDING ANALOGY (ULS)
SL NO. LOAD CASE Vu MLu MTu HLu HTu

12 MLmax 7865.09 2412.590 1863.655 2597.2491 868.63211
6 Vmax 11052.718 1039.55 2693.57 2365.93 236.91
11 Vmin 7860.189 2350.10 1827.15 2584.09 864.01
13 Unloaded 7844.53 1354.32 1691.83 2300.77 846.88
No. of piles = 8
1.2 1.71250 0.23750

D 0.0875
B 0.75
1 T1
8
3.6
2 T2
7
MT 3 12.3
6
4
5
B
D
1.95
5.1
0.0875
1.8
1.2
Load Case
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2
12 983.136 167.54 77.65 25.884
6 1381.590 72.19 112.23 37.411
11 982.524 163.20 76.13 25.377
13 980.566 94.05 70.49 23.498
Loads on piles(KN)
Load Moment in
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4
Case each piles
12 1228.329 1176.561 1124.793 1073.025 1198.161
6 1566.013 1491.192 1416.370 1341.549 1040.273
11 1221.856 1171.102 1120.348 1069.594 1192.061
13 1145.108 1098.113 1051.118 1004.123 1072.612
Considering case 6
Bending Moment at section B-B (in KN-m)
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment arm Moment
1 Pile 1 1566.013 1.2 1879.216
2 Pile 2 1491.192 1.2 1789.430
3 Pile 3 1416.370 1.2 1699.644
4 Pile 4 1341.549 1.2 1609.859
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -311.5 1.75 -545.125
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -1794.000 0.975 -1749.150
8 Self Wt. -1079.325 0.975 -1052.342
Total 3631.5
Design moment positive means tension at bottom of pile
Shear force at section D-D ("d" distance away from B-B) in KN

Total For Shear at
Sl. No. Force due to
Force D-D
1 Pile 1 1566.013 114.188
2 Pile 2 1491.192 108.733
3 Pile 3 1416.370 103.277
4 Pile 4 1341.549 97.821
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -311.500 -22.714
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -1794.000 -130.813
8 Self Wt. -1079.325 -78.701
Total 191.8
Design of pile cap in flexure
Section is checked for ULS

Width of section = 1 m
Design compressive strength of concrete =
fcd=afck/gm = 13.40 Mpa Where, a = 0.67
gm = 1.5
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 Mpa Where, gs = 1.15
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Reinforcement provided: 25 mm dia.

125 mm c/c distance
2
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1712.5 mm
So, Section is under reinforced, ok
Moment of resistance, Mu = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =
2810.188 kN-m OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN PILE CAP (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
Design Shear Force = 15.593 KN
The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, VRd.c =
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.342
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 3925 mm
bw = Width of section = 1000 mm
d= 1712.5 mm
r1 = 0.0023
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0
So,VRd.c = 483.97 KN
Now, VRd.c minimum = (nmin+0.15scp)bw.d
where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.263892
So, VRd.c minimum = 451.915 KN
So, governing shear resistance = 483.97 KN OK, Safe in shear
CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT

(Clause 10.4, IRC:112-2011, page-98)
a Basic Control
Perimeter u1
2d
b
Reduced
Control
Perimeter
Face of loaded Abutment
area Shaft
Punching shear is to be checked at distance "2d" from pier shaft face

Now from abutment shaft, Maximum Vertical design force, VEd = 5029.29 KN
Corresponding longitudinal design moment, MLu = 1573.95 KN-m
Longitudinal eccentricity, el = 0.313 m
Corresponding transeverse design moment, MTu = 2508.89 KN-m
Transeverse eccentricity, et = 0.499 m
As the basic control perimeter is exceeding the pile cap dimension, we will check the
punching shear at reduced control perimeter which is at inner face of piles
b
1.7125
a= 11.875 m Distance of reduced control perimeter from pier face = 1.7125 m

b= 4.625 m
Now,β = 1+1.8√((el/a)2+(et/b)2) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
= 1.200 moment and axial load acting on loaded area)
Now, reduced control perimeter, u = 33 m
So, total load for punching shear = Load from abutment shaft+ Wt. within reduced control perimeter
VEd = 7500.7725 KN
Shear stress, vEd = bVEd/ud = 0.159 Mpa
Punching shear check at face of abutment shaft
a= 8.45 m
b= 1.2 m
Now,β = 1+1.8√((el/a)2+(et/b)2) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
= 1.751 moment and axial load acting on loaded area)
Now, reduced control perimeter, u = 19.300 m
So, total load for punching shear = Load from abutment shaft
VEd = 5029.29 KN
Shear stress, vEd = bVEd/ud = 0.266 Mpa
Calculation for punching shear resistance at reduced control perimeter
Maximum punching shear resistance, nRd.max = (1/2).n.fcd

where, n = 0.6[1-fck/310]
= 0.542 (Eq. 10.6, IRC:112-2011. page-90)
So, nRd.max = 3.631 Mpa
Again, Minimum punching shear resistance, nmin .2d/a=

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
a= distance from the face of column to control perimeter
= 1.7125 m
Minimum punching shear resistance = 0.528 Mpa
Now punching shear resistance, nRd = 0.12K(80rlf ck )1/3.2d/a

where, rl = √(rll.rlt) = 0.165
So, nRd = 2.365 Mpa
So, governing nRd = 2.365 Mpa OK safe in Punching Shear
Punching shear resistance at face
Punching shear resistance at face, nRd = 0.18/gcK(80rlf ck )1/3+(0.1scp)>=nmin+0.1scp

Here, scp = 0
So, nRd = 1.183
nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
So, governing shear resistance, nRd = 1.183 Mpa OK
Punching shear check for pile reaction
a
Reduced
control
perimeter
Basic control
perimeter
2d
Reduced control perimeter for corner piles = ∏.(dia. of pile+a)/4+2.(radius of pile+0.150m)

So, u = 3.786 m
Reduced control perimeter for middle piles =∏.(dia. of pile+a)/2+2.(radius of pile+0.150m)
So, u = 6.073 m
Now, net reaction force, VEd.red = VEd-∆VEd

Here, ∆VEd = wt. of pile cap portion within control perimeter = 108.979 KN
Vertical
Reduced Control
Pile No. Force Shear stress Status
perimeter at distance a
VEd.red
1 1119.350 3.786 0.1726 OK
2 1067.582 6.073 0.1027 OK
Vertical Reduced Control

Pile No. Shear stress Status
Force perimeter at pile face
1 1228.329 2.826 0.2538 OK
2 1176.561 3.768 0.1823 OK
So, reinforcement to be provided in pile cap

25 mm dia. Bar @ 125 mm c/c as main bar
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP BASE (Servicibility Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 6843.41 -4605.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 125.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 735.27 0.00 698.51 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 648.83 0.00 720.21 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 766.73 0.00 885.57 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 21.22 946.39 0.00 199.24 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 30.31 1258.83 0.00 265.02 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 2879.17 0.00 1034.74 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.42 0.00 135.32 0.00 17.13
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.50 0.00 171.83 0.00 21.75
Wind load 128.59 0.00 910.14 39.49 157.94
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1
LL 0.75 LL 0.75
EP 1 EP 1
EP LL surcharge 1 EP LL surcharge 1
WL 1
V ML MT HL HT
N
1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 7683.87 -328.53 523.88 1442.37 0.00
O
N 2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 7620.25 -294.96 540.15 1449.44 0.00
3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP LL 7710.49 -232.47 664.18 1462.60 0.00
S 4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 7812.46 -328.53 1434.02 1481.86 157.94
E 5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL 7748.84 -294.96 1450.29 1488.93 157.94
I
6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL+WL 7839.08 -232.47 1574.32 1502.08 157.94
S
M 7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 7555.28 -328.53 -386.26 1402.89 -157.94
I 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 7491.66 -294.96 -369.99 1409.96 -157.94
C 9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL-WL 7581.90 -232.47 -245.96 1423.11 -157.94
10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP 7129.38 -1725.93 0.00 1034.74 0.00
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP
SL NO. LOAD CASE V (KN) ML (KN-m) MT (KN-m) HL (KN) HT(KN)

3 MLmax 7710.492 -232.474 664.1804 1462.597 0
6 Vmax 7839.080 -232.4743 1574.32 1502.083 157.9418
8 Vmin 7491.662 -294.9622 -369.986 1409.957 -157.942
10 Unloaded Case 7129.38 -1725.93 0.00 1034.74 0.00
No. of piles = 8
ML
1.2 1.7125 0.2375
0.75
8 1
3.6
7 2
12.3
MT
6 3
5 4
5.1
1.95
0.0875
1.8
1.2
Load Case
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2
3 963.811 -16.14 27.67 9.225
6 979.885 -16.14 65.60 21.866
8 936.458 -20.48 -15.42 -5.139
10 891.173 -119.86 0.00 0.000
Vertical Loads on piles (KN)

Load Case Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4
1 975.342 956.892 938.443 919.993
6 1029.338 985.606 941.875 898.144
8 900.558 910.836 921.113 931.390
10 771.316 771.316 771.316 771.316
Considering case 6
Bending Moment at section B-B (in KN-m)
Moment
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment
arm
1 Pile 1 1029.338 1.2 1235.205
2 Pile 2 985.606 1.2 1182.728
3 Pile 3 941.875 1.2 1130.250
4 Pile 4 931.390 1.2 1117.668
5 Self Wt. of Return Wall -311.500 1.750 -545.125
6 Self Wt. of Backfill -1794.000 0.975 -1749.150
7 Self Wt. -1079.325 0.975 -1052.342
Total 1319.2
Design moment positive means tension at bottom of pile
Shear force at section D-D ("d" distance away from B-B) in KN

Total For Shear
Sl. No. Force due to
Force at D-D
1 Pile 1 1029.338 75.056
2 Pile 2 985.606 71.867
3 Pile 3 941.875 68.678
4 Pile 4 931.390 67.914
5 Self Wt. of Return Wall -311.500 -22.714
6 Self Wt. of Backfill -1794.000 -130.813
7 Self Wt. -1079.325 -78.701
Total 51.3
Stress level check:
Section is checked for SLS

Width of section = 1m
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
2
Effective depth "d" = 1712.5 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 294.26
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =

Crack width check:

Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

ae = Es/Ecm = 6.452
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
x Where, A = level of steel centroid

2=0
h
d 1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
hc.eff
1
B
So, hc.eff = 218.75 mm

Ac.eff = 218750 mm2

And, sm-cm = -0.0003
Minimum value of sm - cm = 5.078E-05
So, governing value of sm - cm = 5.078E-05
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) = 0.025 mm

Crack width within permissible limit
DESIGN OF PILES
Diameter of piles, D = 1200 mm

2
fck of concrete = 35 N/mm
2
fy of steel = 500 N/mm
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 75 mm
Loads on piles
Load Case Moment

From in each
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4
Load piles (KN-
Comb m)
12 1228.329 1176.561 1124.793 1073.025 1198.161
6 1566.013 1491.192 1416.37 1341.549 1040.273
11 1221.856 1171.102 1120.348 1069.594 1192.061
13 1145.108 1098.113 1051.118 1004.123 1072.612
d'
1st layer Diameter of bars provided = 25 mm

No. of bars provided = 22 Nos.
Percentage of steel, p = 0.955
So, p/fck = 0.0273
d'/D = 0.0729
Now for case 6, Pile 1
Pu/fck.D2 = 0.0311
From SP 16, chart 60, we get,

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.04
So, Mu1 = 2419.2 KN-m
Now, Mu/Mu1 = 0.430 SAFE
Now for case 12, Pile 3

Pu/fck.D2 = 0.0281
From SP 16, chart 60, we get,

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.05
So, Mu1 = 3024 KN-m
Now, Mu/Mu1 = 0.344 SAFE
Continue bars upto end of pile
Provide distribution reinforcement 8 mm dia.
@ 150 mm c/c
RETURN WALL DESIGN
Height of return wall = 4.45 m

Length of return wall = 3.50 m
Coefficient of horizontal active earth pressure = 0.279
Earth pressure at bottom of wall = 24.831 KN/m2
Eart pressure at 1m above wall bottom = 19.251 KN/m2
Average eatrh pressure in 1m strip = 22.041 KN/m
Surcharge earth pressure equivalent to earth pressure of 1.2 m height = 6.696 KN/m2
Bending moment at wall junction due to earth pressure, M1 = 135.001 KN-m
Bending moment at wall junction due to surcharge earth pressure, M2 = 41.013 KN-m
Design moment at junction, Mu = 1.5M1+1.2M2 = 251.717 KN-m
Design shear force at junction, Fu = 1.5F1+1.2F2 = 143.838 KN
Design of return wall in flexure
3.50
0.5 m

gm = 1.5
Concrete failure strain = cu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = c2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)

100 mm c/c distance
Clear cover = 50 mm
356.772 OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN RETURN WALL (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
Design Shear Force = 143.838 KN
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.673
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 2010 mm
d= 442 mm
r1 = 0.0045
scp = 0

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.367
Serviceability Limit State check
For serviceability limit state, design momeny = M1+0.8M2 = 167.812 KN-m

(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)

Crack width check:

Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

ae = Es/Ecm = 6.25
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
x Where, A = level of steel centroid

2=0
d h 1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
hc.eff
1 B
So, hc.eff = 145 mm

2
Ac.eff = 145000 mm

And, Ôsm-Ôcm = 0.000541
Minimum value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000619
So, governing value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000619
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) = 0.221 mm

Crack width within permissible limit
Design of dirt wall

Design moment (Non-Seismic) = 46.188 KN-m (for 1m width)
Design moment (Seismic) = 86.438 KN-m (for 1m width)
gm = 1.5
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)

150 mm c/c distance
Clear cover = 50 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87fyAst )/(0.36fckb )=30.35 mm
108.575 kN-m OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN RETURN WALL (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
Design Shear Force (Non-Seismic) = 24.162 KN (For 1m strip)

Design Shear Force (Seismic) = 27.934 KN (For 1m strip)
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.762
r1 = Asl/bw.d
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 754 mm2
d= 344 mm
r1 = 0.0022
scp = 0

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.397
Serviceability Limit State check
For serviceability limit state, design moment = 46.188 KN-m

(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)


Crack width check:
Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

Ôsm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
Ôcm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.
Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.451613
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
2=0 x Where, A = level of steel centroid

h Ô1,Ô2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
d
hc.eff
1 B
So, hc.eff = 140 mm

Ac.eff = 140000 mm2
Now. ρρ.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.005383
close (i.e <=5(c+φ/2)), the maximum crack spacing,

And, Ôsm-Ôcm = -0.00024
Minimum value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000577
So, governing value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000577
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) = 0.317 mm

revise
Summarized Reinforcement Detailing
(According to chapter 16, IRC:112-2011, page-171)
ABUTMENT SHAFT
Total vertical reinforcement provided = 4204 mm2

2
Concrete area, Ac = 1200000 mm
Now, 0.003Ac = 3600 mm2 < steel provided, OK Cl. 710.3.2, IRC:112-2011
and 0.04Ac = 48000 mm2 >steel provided, OK
Horizontal Reinforcement provide 12 mm dia. @

150 mm c/c.
Total horizontal reinforcement provided = 754 mm2
Now 25% of vertical steel = 1051 mm 2
2
and 0.001Ac = 1200 mm REVISE REVISE
Transverse reinforcement provided =

2
Now, 0.02Ac = 24000 mm
> steel provided,No transeverse reinforcement required
Vertical reinforcement provided =

20 mm dia @ 140 mm c/c.
Horizontal reinforcement provided =
12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c.
PILE CAP
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
Steel in 1m strip = 3925 mm2
2
As.min =( 0.26fctm/fyk)btd= 2226.25 mm OK
2
or, 0.0013btd = 2226.25 mm OK
Distribution reinforcement provided at bottom and both direction at top
20 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
Provide surface reinforcement 16 mm dia. 6 Nos. each face
RETURN WALL
Main reinforcement provided 16 mm dia. 100 mm c/c
Distributor reinforcement 12 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
OK
DIRT WALL
Provide main reinforcement 12 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
Distributor reinforcement 10 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
PILE
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 22 Nos. in layer 1
Continue all bars upto end of pile
Distribution reinforcement provided
8 mm dia. 150 mm c/c

639 Abutment Design

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639 Abutment Design

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Draft Detailed Project Report

4 SUBSTRUCTURE & FOUNDATION

Dirt Wall & Return Wall

Pile and pile cap :-

From IRC:6 (Page - 23,Clause - 211)

Coefficient of linear Thermal Expansion = 0.0000117 per degree centegrade

From IRC:5 (Page - 16,Clause -106.2.1)

From IRC:6 (Page - 51,Table- 5,Clause - 222.5)

Type of Bridge Importance Factor for Bridges

10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5

H = avg. Height from Ground/water lev.

Height of the superstructure = 8.250 m ~ 10 m

Drag Coefficient = 1.95

So, movement of deck due to temperature variation = L.α.t 0.004 m

Dead Load from super-structure = 1950 KN

Considering abutment wall :

Calculation of moment due to earth pressure :-

Variable gravity loads treated as permanent loads

Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)

Live load on Footpath = 0 kN 0

Surfacing and Wearing Coat

Vehicular Live Load

Carriageway Live load

0.750 18.7500 0.750

Maximum Reaction = Rb = 434.5 kN

2 Type of Loading = IRC class 70R Tracked

700/4.57 = 153.17 kN/m

0.75 18.7500 0.75

0.475 1.2 1.2

And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 1.11 m

3 Type of Loading = IRC 70 R Wheel

170 170 170 170 120 120 80

0.75 18.7500 0.75

0.475 1.2 0.86 0.86

Vehicular live load

Load cases considered for abutment are tabulated bellow :

700 0 713.717 0 1.110 0 792.226

Case - I Case - III Case - V

Calculation of Bearing Forces:

Bearing type- one side is fixed.

Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :

Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

Considering dirt wall :

Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

Considering Abutment Shaft

Seismic Zone of bridge location = IV

C. Seismic on Dirt wall :

Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-52)

E. Seismic on Abutment Shaft:

Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-52)

F. Seismic on Return Walls:

Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-52)

Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-52)

20% Reaction Ah Transverse Acting RL Lever arm Transver vertical

I. Increased Earth Pressure due to Seismic

Calculation of Dynamic Earth Pressure Coefficient …..(Clause 8, IS:1893-1984, page-46)

For +Av : For -Av :

cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8390 cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8527

Considering dirt wall portion

Considering Abutment Shaft

Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :

Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

Considering dirt wall :

Moment at base of dirt wall due to live