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c„w_exi cÖ_g MYbv h‡š¿i bvg - A¨vevKvm B-‡gBj Av`vb cÖ`v‡b e¨eüZ SMTP Gi c~Y©iæc- SImple mail
Kw¤úDUv‡ii Avwe®‹viK- nvIqvW© Transfer Protocol
Kw¤úDUv‡ii RbK- Pvjm© e¨v‡eR| K¨vgweªR wek¦we`¨vj‡qi MwY‡Zi ‡h †g‡gvwiwU Non-Volatile- ROM
Aa¨cK| wb¤œ¯Í‡ii fvlv wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq- hvwš¿K fvlv (Machine
cÖ_g Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvgvi - A¨vWv AMv÷v ( Kwe jW© evqi‡bi Kb¨v) Language ) Ges A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv ( Asembley Language)
Kw¤úDUvi md&UIq¨vi RM‡Z bvgKiv cÖwZôvb -gvB‡µvmdU K‡c©v‡ikb D”P ¯Í‡ii fvlv wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq- †ewmK (BASIC) wm (C) wm+
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evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g Kw¤úDUvi ¯’vwcZ nq- 1964 mv‡j cigvby kw³ †K‡›`ª, Wi Fi ‡h ÷¨vÛvW© Gi Dci wfwË K‡i KvR K‡i -IEEE 802.11
XvKvq| ‡h h‡š¿ mvaviY Bb‡d«v‡eW wWfvBm e¨envi Kiv nq-TV wi‡gvU© K‡›Uªv‡j
evsjv‡`‡k ¯’vcwZ 1g Kw¤úDUviwU- IBM-1620 g‡W‡ji †gBb‡d«g 8086 hZ we‡Ui gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi 16 we‡Ui
Kw¤úDUvi| ‡hwU WvUv‡eR Language- Oracel
evsjv‡`‡k e¨eüZ cÖ_g evsjv d«›U-weRq, GKz‡k, Aå, †jbx, •ekvLx Kw¤úDUvi cÖvBgvix †g‡gvix- RAM
cÖf‚wZ| Kw¤úDUv‡ii g~j †g‡gvix •_wi hv Øviv-wmwjKb|
weRq Kx †evW© Avwe®‹vi K‡ib-Avãyj ReŸvi Kw¤úDUvi †g‡gvix †_‡K msiwÿZ WvUv D‡Ëvj‡bi c×wZ‡K e‡j - Read
Aå Kx †evW© Avwe®‹vi K‡ib-‡g‡n`x nvmvb MICR Gi c~Y©iæc- Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
gyw`ªZ †jLv mivmwi Input ‡bqvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq-OCR (or Reader)
RAM Gi c~Y©iæc- Random access memory ‡mvmvj †bUIqvwK©s UzBUvi •Zwi nq-2006 mv‡j
ROM Gi c~Y©iæc- Read Only memory ¯§vvU© †dvb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷gvwUi I‡cb †mvm© cøvUdg©-Android
Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¯’vqx/cÖavb ¯§„wZ kw³‡K e‡j- ROM ‡gvevBj Kwg&Dwb‡Kk‡b 4G Gi †ÿ‡Î 3G Gi Zzjbvq AwZwi³
eZ©gvb me‡P‡q RbwcÖq †¯úªWwmU †cÖvMÖvg- microsoft Excel •ewkó¨ - eªWe¨vÛ B›Uvi‡bU †mev|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii K‡qKwU BbcyU wWfvBm n‡jv- Kx †evW©, †cbWªvBf, gvDm Oracle Corporation Gi cÖwZôvZv - Lawrence J. Ellison
¯‹¨vbvi, OMR, OCR I‡qe K¨vg| ‡cÖvMÖvg †_‡K Kwc Kiv WvUv _v‡K- RAM-G
AvDUcyU wWfvBm n‡”Q- gwbUi, wcÖ›Uvi, w¯úKvi, cÖ‡R±i, †nW‡dvb, cøUvi| g‡Wg Gi g‡a¨ hv _v‡K Zv n‡jv- GKwU gWz‡jUiI GKwU wWgWz‡jUi
BbUcyU I AvDUcyU Dfq wWfvBm- g‡Wg, UvPwµb, wWwRUvj, K¨v‡giv, Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm n‡jv-GKwU ÿwZKviK †cÖvMÖvg
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wccxwjKv, PiwK cÖf‚wZ| ‡Uc †iKW©vi Ges Kw¤cDUv‡i ¯§„wZi wdZvi e¨eüZ nq-¯’vqx Pz¤^K
Google n‡jv me‡P‡q RbwcÖq - mvP© BwÄj,| cÖwZôvZv b¨vwc †cBR I c„w_ex‡Z j¨vcUc Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖewZ©Z nq Ges †h †Kv¤úvbx GUv •Zwi
†m‡R©B weªb| K‡i-Gcmb 1981
BDwUD‡ei RbK- P¨vW nviwb, w÷f P¨vb I Rv‡f` Kwig (14 †deªæqvix j¨vcUc n‡j-‡QvU Kw¤úDUvi
2005 mv‡j| Kw¤úDUv‡ii hv †bB-eyw× we‡ePbv
Firefox - Db¥y³ Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g| Kw¤úDUvi mdUIq¨v‡ii RM‡Z bvgKiv cÖwZôvb-gwGµvmdU|
cÖ_g evsjv mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g ‡eZ‡Zv ev Besto mdUIq¨vi ej‡Z eySv‡bv nq-Kw¤úDUv‡ii †cªvMªvg ev Kg©cwiKíbvi †KŠkj|
evsjv‡`‡k †gvevBj Acv‡iUi‡`i †RvU-A¨vgUe| Kw¤úDUv‡ii cª_g †cªvMªvwgs fvlv-FORTRAN
we‡k¦i me‡P‡q eo ¯§vU‡dvb †Kv¤úvbx- m¨vgmvs GKwU B‡gBj cvVv‡bv hvi mgZyj¨- Writing a letter.
m¤úªwZ wdbj¨vÛwfwËK †gvevBj †dvb †bvwKqv I wbKW Bb-‡K †K‡b †bq- cª_g cªR‡b¥i cª_g Kw¤úDUvi- UNIVAC-1.
gvB‡µvmdU| B›Uvi‡cªUvi n‡jv- Abyev`K †cªvMªvg
wmweU G·‡cÖv bv‡g Kw¤úDUvi †gjv nq- Rvg©vwbi n¨v‡bvfv‡i| BDwUwjwU mdUIq¨vi n‡jv- Gw›UfvBivm|
1999 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ AbjvBb gv‡K©wUs Avjxevev WUKg Gi cÖwZôvZv- evsjv‡`‡ki †h e¨vsK me©c_ª g Kw¤úDUvi ¯’vcb K‡i- BDbvB‡UW e¨vsK|
Px‡bi R¨vKgv evsjv‡`‡ki cª_g Kw¤úDUvi eZ©gv‡b †hLv‡b msiw¶Z Av‡Q-RvZxq weÁvb
we‡k¦i cÖ_g †h †`‡k †mbwdi cÖPjb nq- A‡÷ªwjqv I cªhyw³ Rv`yN‡i
Kw¤úDUvi I Z_¨cÖhyw³ wb‡q Av‡iv wKQz Z_¨ gvB‡µvmdU DB‡ÛvR Gi me©‡kl fvm©b- DB‡ÛvR 10|
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B-‡gBj MÖnY Kivi AwaK e¨eüZ cÖUvKj- Ppo3 ‡h wU‡K mvgvwRK AšÍR©vj e‡j-(facebook)-
gvB‡µvmd‡Ui cÖ_g †MÖvMÖvg- MS DOS MS Excel-G mwVKfv‡e †jLv dg©yjv=sum(C9;C12)
eyw×-we‡ePbv †bB-Kw¤úDUv‡ii
Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© OST g‡W‡gi ¯‘i-7wU Kw¤úDUvi GKwU- wnmveKvix hš¿
‡h cÖ‡UvKj B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î me©vwaK e¨eüZ nq- TCP/IP cª_g Kw¤úDUvi †cªvMªvgvi-A¨vWv AMv÷v
‡h wPýwU B-‡gBj wVKvbvq Aek¨B _vK‡e- @ we‡k¦i me©c_ª g B‡jKUªwbK Kw¤úDUvi-ENIAC.
B-Kgvm© mvBU amazon.com cÖwZwôZ nq-1994 mv‡j| IBM gvB‡µvKw¤úDUvi evRv‡i Qv‡o-1981 mv‡j
EDSAC Kw¤úDUv‡iii WvUv msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †h ai‡bi †g‡gvwi e¨envi Kw¤úDUvi †Rbv‡ikb ej‡Z eySvq-cªhyw³MZ weeZ©b
Kiv n‡Zv- Mercury Delay Lines AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡ii RbK ejv nq-Rb fb wbDg¨vb‡K|
Kw¤úDUvi wmwcBD (CPU) Gi †h Ask MvwYwZK wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi KvR K‡i AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡ii `ªæZMwZi g~‡j i‡q‡Q-Bw›U‡Mª‡UW mvwK©U|
- G.Gj.BD (ALU) cª_g wgwb Kw¤úDUv‡ii bvg-wcwWwc 1|
GÛ‡qW Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g †ÿ‡Î mwVK n‡jv-GwUi wbg©vZv ¸Mj, GwU cÖ_g wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUv‡ii bvg-Mark 1
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1|P age
UªvbwR÷i Avwe®‹vi nq-1948 mv‡j| gvDm Avwe®‹vi K‡i - WMjvm A¨v‡Äj evW
IC Avwe®‹vi K‡ib-R¨vK †Kbwe I ievU© b‡qm| MICR- Gi c~Y©iƒc- Magnetic Ink Character Reader
evwYwR¨Kfv‡e we‡k¦i cª_g gvB‡µvcª‡mmi n‡jv- Bb‡Uj 4004 e¨vs‡Ki †P‡Ki †PK b¤^i †jLv cov nq- MICR c×wZ‡Z|
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LCD- Gi c~Y©iƒc- Liquid Crystal Display
evsjv‡`‡k Kw¤úDUvi LED- Gi c~Y©iƒc- Light Emittimg Diode
1964:cª_g Kw¤úDUvi ¯’vcb IBM 1620 (XvKv cigvYy kw³ †K›`ª ) Kw¤úDUv‡ii Z_¨ cª`k©‡bi ¶y`ªZg GKK n‡”Q- wc‡·j
1984: cª_g Kw¤úDUvi weÁvb I cªhyw³ wefvM Pvjy evsjv‡`k cª‡KŠkj †h h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i cªvß djvdj KvM‡R Qvcv‡bv hvq Zv‡K ejv
wek¦we`¨vjq(BUET) nq- wcª›Uvi
1989: evsjv‡`k Kw¤úDUvi †mvmvBwU cªwZôv (‡ckvRxex msMVb) me‡P‡q `ªæZMwZi wcª›Uvi n‡jv-†jRvi wcª›Uvi
1990: evsjv‡`k Kw¤úDUvi KvDwÝj cªwZwôZ(miKvwi cªwZôvb) Kw¤úDUv‡ii †eªBb n‡jv- gvB‡µvcª‡mmi
1991: evsjv fvlvq cª_g gvwmK cwÎKv (Kw¤úDUvi RMr) CPU- Gi c~Y©iƒc- Central Processing Unit.
1992: evsjv‡`k Kw¤úDUvi mwgwZ cªwZôv (Kw¤úDUvi e¨emvqx‡`i
msMVb) B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mv‡_ mshy³ cªwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii GKwU wVKvbv _v‡K,G wVKvbv
1994: cª_g AbjvBb B-‡gBj Pvjy (cÖ`óv wjwg‡UW) †K ejv nq-IP Address
1996: cª_g AbjvBb B›Uvi‡bU Pvjy ( AvBGmGb) www- Gi c~Y©iƒc- World Wide Web
wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kw¤úDwUs cÖhyw³
Kw¤úDUv‡ii •ewkó¨ E-Mail- Gi c~Y©iƒc- Electronic Mail.
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wccxwjKv 2013 mv‡ji 13 Gwcªj evsjv fvlvi cª_g mvP© BwÄb
wewfb&œ cÖwZôv‡bi eZ©gvb wmBI PiwK 2015 mv‡j evsjv fvlvq wØZxq c~Y©v½ mvP© BwÄb Pvjy nq
cÖwZôv‡bi bvg eZ©gvb wmBI weRq wK‡evW© 1988 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i 1g evsjv wK‡evW© D‡Øvab
AvgvRb A¨vwÛ R¨vwm K‡ib †gv¯Ídv ReŸvi
‡dmeyK ‡kwjj †kbevM© Aå wK‡evW 2003 mv‡ji 26 gvP© Aå wK‡evW© Pvjy K‡ib †g‡n`x
†¯úm G· Bjb gv¯‹ nvmvb Lvb
Avwjevev.Kg W¨vwb‡qj Svs †`v‡qj 2011 mv‡j †Uwkm cª_g evsjv‡`wk j¨vcUc •Zwi K‡i
gvB‡µvmdU mZ¨ bv‡`jv †`v‡qj
A¨vcj wUK KzK `yišÍ m¤ú~Y© evsjvq †`‡ki cÖ_g eªvDRvi
Bf¨vwj †gvnv¤§` iv‡mj ‡eg‡Zv ‡`‡ki •Zwi cÖ_g mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM mvBU
`vivR eyRvwK© wgwé‡jmb Aimbook evsjv‡`‡ki cª_g mvgvwRK gva¨g Gcm&
‡Wj †UK‡bvjwRm gvB‡Kj †Wj ‡iveU wj kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cªhyw³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ÷y‡W›U evsjvq
Ryg GwiK Gm BDqvb K_v ejv †iveUc Avwe®‹vi K‡ib
ayg‡KZy †`‡ki •Zwi cª_g i‡KU •Zwi K‡ib gqgbwmsn
‡dmeyK BwÄwbqvwis K‡jR
aib-mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g Kw¤úDUvi weÁvb
cªwZôvZv gvK© RyKvievM© Virus n‡”Q - Vital Information Resources Under Sieze.
cªwZôv mvj-4 †deªæqvwi 2004 mv‡j OMR n‡”Q - Optical Mark Reader
m`i`ßi- †gb‡jv cvK©,K¨vwj‡dvwb©qv, hy³ivóª wej †MU‡mi cÖ_g †cÖvMÖvg-
cªwZôvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj- nvf©vW wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_x©‡`i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM j¨vcUc, jvBdeyK, †bvUeyK, †bUeyK n‡”Q- †QvU Kw¤úDUvi|
†dmey‡Ki c~e©bvg- †dmg¨vm I-Pad n‡”Q - U¨ve‡jU Kw¤úDUvi|
†¯øvMvb- Be Connected. AvaywbK j¨vcU‡ci RbK- wej †gvMwiR
`ªæZMwZi mycvi Kw¤úDUvi c„w_exi cÖ_g j¨vcUc- EPSON
`ªæZMwZi mycvi Kw¤úDUvi •Zwi K‡i‡Q- gvwK©b †mwgKÛvi †Kv¤úvwb we‡k¦i e„nËg Kw¤úDUvi †gjvi bvg- wmweU G·‡cv|
A¨vWfvÝW gvB‡µv wWfvB‡mi(AMD) wmweU G·‡cv (CEBIT EXPRO) hvÎv ïiæ K‡i- 1970 mv‡j|
Kw¤úDUviwUi bvg- FORTRAN CEBIT EXPRO- Gi c~Y©iƒc- Centre of Bureau and
¯’vcb Kiv nq-USA Gi IKwiR b¨vkbvj j¨ve‡iUix‡Z| Informatin Technology Exposition .
Pvjy nq 2021 mvj bvMv`| cÖwZ eQi wmweU G·‡cv AbywôZ nq- Rvg©vwbi n¨v‡bvfv‡i|
wcwm ev cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUv‡ii RbK- †nbwi ievU©m|
3|P age
†gvevBj †dv‡bi RbK ejv nqÑ gvwU©b Kycvi †K|
weÁvb msµvšÍ cwifvlv †ivwgs (Roming): †gvevBj mvwf©m †cªvfvBWv‡ii Kfv‡iR Gwiqvi
‡mwiKvjPvi(sericulture) : ‡ikg †cvKvi Pvl m¤úwK©Z we`¨v mxgve×Zv| G mxgve×Zv `~i Kivi Rb¨ mvwf©m †cªvfvBWvi g‡a¨ †`kxq I
GwcKvjPvi(apiculture): †gŠgvwQ cvjb we`¨ AvšÍt‡`kxqfv‡e ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ AvšÍtms‡hv‡Mi e¨e¯’v †K ejv nq †ivwgs|
GwfKvjPvi(aviculture) : cvwL cvjb we`¨v ¯§vU©‡dvb
wcwmKvjPvi(pisciculture) : grm Pvl m¤^Üxq we`¨v ¯§vU©‡dvb(Smart Phone): ¯§vU©‡dvb n‡jv we‡kl ai‡bi †gvevBj †dvb
ev †gvevBj Kw¤úDwUs cøvUd‡g©i Dci cªwZwôZ|
nwU©KvjPvi(herperrtology): D`¨vb cvjb we`¨v
we‡k¦i cª_g ¯§vU© †dvb n‡jvÑ AvBweGg mvBgb|
wmm‡gvjwR(seismology) : ~K¤úb welqK we`¨v
AvB‡dvb: AvB‡dvb n‡jv A¨vcj BbK‡c©v‡i‡UW Øviv wbwg©Z GKwU AvaywbK
Gb‡Uvg‡jwR(antomology) : †cvKvgvKo I KxUcZ½ m¤^Üxq we`¨v B›Uvi‡bU I gvwëwgwWqv mshy³ ¯§vU©‡dvb|
wd‡jvjwR(philology) : fvlv m¤^Üxq we`¨v A¨vc‡ji mv‡eK wmBI w÷f Rem cÖ_g AvB‡dvb Aegy³ K‡ibÑ 9
†gwUqijwR(meteorology) : AvenvIqv weÁvb Rvbyqvwi, 2007|
Km‡gvjwR(cosmology) : wek¦RM‡Zi cªK„wZ m„wó Ges BwZnvm welqK cÖ_g AvB‡dv‡bi evRviRvZKiY ïiæ nqÑ 29 Rvbyqvwi, 2007|
weÁvb B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM e‡jÑ AvDU †mvwm©s
B‡KvjwR(ecology) : cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Rxe‡`‡ni m¤úK© m¤^Üxq weÁvb ( evsjv‡`‡k GKgvÎ AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej cª¯ÍyZKvix cªwZôvb bvgÑ
e¯‘ weÁvb) evsjv‡`k K¨vej wkí wjwg‡UW (Lyjbv)
A¨vbvUgx(anatomy) : A½ms¯’vb m¤^Üxq weÁvb cÖ_g mve‡gwib j¨vwÛs †÷kb
B‡fvwjDkb(evolution) : cªvYx RM‡Zi DrcwË I µgweKvk m¤úwK©Z cÖ_g mve‡gwib j¨vwÛs †÷k‡bi bvgÑ SEA-ME-WE-4
weÁvb SEA-ME-WE-4 Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jvÑ South East Asia- Middle
dwgwUKm(phonetices) : aŸwbZË¡ ev aŸwb m¤úwK©Z we`¨v East- Western Europe-4
wdj¨v‡Uwj(philately) : WvK wU‡KU m¤úwK©Z we`¨v cÖ_g mve‡gwib j¨vwÛs †÷kb Aew¯’ZÑ K·evRv‡ii wSjsSvq|
2006 mv‡j Kb‡mvwU©qv‡ii gva¨‡g mve‡gwib K¨vej hy³ nq hv 18,800
nvBwRb(hygiene): ¯^v¯’¨ weÁvb|
wK.wg we¯Í…Z|
AcwUKm(optics): Av‡jvK weÁvb
wØZxq mve‡gwib j¨vwÛs †÷kb
‣eÁvwbK hš¿cvwZ
wØZxq mve‡gwib j¨vwÛs †÷k‡bi bvgÑ SEA-ME-WE-5
e¨v‡ivwgUvi - evqyi Pvc cwigvcK hš¿
SEA-ME-WE-5 Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jvÑ South East Asia- Middle
g¨v‡bvwgUvi - M¨v‡mi Pvc cwigvcK hš¿ East- Western Europe-5
I‡WvwgUvi - Mvwoi MwZ cwigvcK hš¿ wØZxq mve‡gwib j¨vwÛs †÷kb Aew¯’ZÑ cUzqvLvwji Kjvcvovq
gwbU‡ii KvR n‡jvÑ †jLv I Qwe †`Lv‡bv| wØZxq mve‡gwib K¨ve‡j mshy³ n‡qÑ evsjv‡`k Av‡iv 1 nvRvi 500
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mKj Kvh©µg wbqš¿Y K‡iÑ †m›Uªvj cª‡mwms BDwbU| wRwewcGm e¨vÛDB_ cv‡”Q|
wmwcBD †K fvM Kiv hvqÑ wZb fv‡M| Z…Zxq mve‡gwib j¨vwÛs †÷kb
h_v K. MvwYwZK hyw³ BDwbU( Artihmetic Logic Unit-ALU) Z…Zxq mve‡gwib j¨vwÛs †÷k‡bi bvgÑ SEA-ME-WE-6
L. wbqš¿Y BDwbU (Control Unit) M. †iwR÷vi ¯§…wZ (Register SEA-ME-WE-6 Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jvÑ South East Asia- Middle
Memory) East- Western Europe-6
Kw¤úDUvi †cªvMªvg Ges †WUv msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nqÑ †g‡gvwi| Z…Zxq mve‡gwib j¨vwÛs †÷kb Aew¯’ZÑ K·evRvi
†g‡gvwi fvM Kiv n‡q‡QÑ wZb fv‡M| Z…Zxq mve‡gwib K¨vej Aby‡gv`b †`b evsjv‡`k miKviÑ 1 wW‡m¤^i 2020
Kw¤úDUv‡ii A¯’vqx ¯§…wZkw³ †K e‡jÑ RAM| mshy³ Ki‡eÑ wm½vcyi|
me‡P‡q †ewk w¯úWÑ K¨vk †g‡gvwii| e¨vÛDB_ ÿgZvÑ 1000 wRwewcGm|
dwí wW‡¯‹i ¯’vb `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡QÑ †cbWªvBf| mve‡gwib K¨vej cÖKíwU †h gš¿vYvjq Aax‡bÑ WvK I †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM |
nvW©wW¯‹ gvcvi GKK njÑ wMMvevBU|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii cªavb †g‡gvwiÑ gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi hv wmwcBD Gi gvSLv‡b _v‡K| wewea
†h Kw¤úDUvi †g‡gvwi KL‡bv ¯§…wZåsk nq bvÑ ROM| Iq¨vi‡jm KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi RbK ejv nqÑ gvK©wb‡K|
†Ljvayjv cª_g Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi Kiv nqÑ 1960 mv‡j| IqvBdvB (Wi-Fi)Ñ GKwU Rbwcªq Iqvi‡bm cªhyw³ hvi mvnv‡h¨ †iwWI
Kw¤úDUvi mdUIq¨vi Gi RM‡Z bvgKiv cªwZôvbÑ gvB‡µvmdU| I‡qf e¨envi K‡i †Kv‡bv B‡jKUªwb· wWfvBm Gi gva¨‡g D”P MwZm¤úbœ
†d¬vPv‡U© cÖZxK w`‡q nqÑ GKÎxKiY| B›Uvi‡bU e¨envimn Kw¤úDUv‡ii †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© mshy³ n‡q †WUv
GKwU wcwm Pvjy Ki‡j cª_‡g †h †KvWwU mPj nq, Zv‡K e‡jÑ BIOS Av`vb cª`vb Kiv nq|
BIOS Gi c~Y©iƒcÑ Basic Input Output System| msiwÿZ †WUv‡eR‡K e‡jÑ e¨vK GÛ (Back End)|
POSt ej‡Z eySvqÑ Power On Self Test| B›Uvi‡bU
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb md&UIqvi wbg©vZv cÖwZôv‡bi bvg n‡jvÑ †ewmm B›Uvi‡bU Pvjy nqÑ 1969 mv‡j|
(BASIS) (cÖwZwôZ 1997 mv‡j, KviIqvb evRvi, XvKv) cÖwZôvZvÑ webUb wR Kvd©
BASIS Gi c~Y©iƒcÑ Bangladesh Association of Software and evsjv‡`‡k Pvjy nqÑ 1996 mv‡j|
Information Service| e¨env‡ii kxl© †`kÑ Pxb|
evsjv‡`‡ki cª_g e¨eüZ evsjv d›UÑ weRq (D™¢veK †gv¯Ídv ReŸvi 16 me©cÖ_g cixÿvg~jKfv‡e B›Uvi‡bU Pvjy nq †h wek¦we`¨vj‡qÑ BDwmGjG
wW‡m¤^i 1988) (University of California, Los Angels) |
evsjv‡`‡ki e¨eüZ evsjv d›U ¸‡jvÑ weRq, GKy‡k, •ekvLx cªf„wZ| B›Uvi‡bU wb‡q Av‡iv wKQz Z_¨
wW¯‹‡K Z_¨ avi‡Yi Dc‡hvMx Kiv‡K e‡jÑ di‡gU| ‡Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³‡K e¨envi K‡i Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨
evBbvwi c×wZ‡Z Z_¨ cªKv‡ki †gŠwjK GKKÑ weU| Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi cÖhyw³‡K ejv nqÑ B›Uvi‡bU (Internet)
Database Management SystemÑ †K ms‡ÿ‡c e‡jÑ DBMS we‡k¦i cÖ_g B›Uvi‡b‡Ui bvgÑ Avicv‡bU|
†h j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ Kz‡qwi Kiv nq Zv‡K e‡jÑ Query eZ©gvb B›Uvi‡b‡Ui c~e©m~wi (Predecessor) ejv nqÑ Avicv‡bU
Language| (ARPANET)- †K |
†gvevBj ev †mjyjvi †dvb cªhyw³ cªv_wgK aviYv B›Uvi‡b‡Ui D™¢e nq ev c„w_ex‡Z cixÿvg~jKfv‡e B›Uvi‡bU Pvjy nqÑ
SMS Gi c~Y©iƒcÑ Short Message Service| 1969 mv‡j hy³iv‡óª|
4|P age
5|P age