Communication

Communication
Communication
theories
Communication
theories
Communication
theories
Communication
theories
Communication
theories
Communication
theories
theories
Communication
Communication
theories
Communication
theories
theories
theories
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whatiscom-
munication
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Models of comms
3 categories:
Linear models, Interac-
tive models, Transactional
models

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LINEAR MODELS
1. Aristotle’s Model
2. Lasswell’s Model
3. Shannon-Weaver Model
4. Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model
Linear models explain one directional
communication processes.

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THE INTERACTIVE MOD-
ELS
5. Osgood-Schramm Mod-
el
6. The Westley and Ma-
clean Model
Interactive models are best for explaining
impersonal two-way communication
processes.
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THE TRANSACTIONAL
MODELS
7. Barnlund’s Transactional
Model
8. Dance’s Helical Model
Transactional models explain direct personal
communication processes where two-way
feedback is immediate.

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LINEAR MODELS
1. Aristotle’s Model

• Oldest model dated 300 BC

• Five elements of a communication event to
analyze how best to communicate: speaker,
speech, occasion, target audience and effect
• Better Communication: WEthos (credibility),
pathos (ability to connect) and logos (logical
argument)
• No Feedback scenario

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LINEAR MODELS
2. Lasswell’s Model
A basic framework for analyzing one-way
communication by asking five questions:
Who said what, through which channel, to
whom, with what effects?

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LINEAR MODELS
3. Shannon-Weaver Model
The Shannon-Weaver model is the first to
highlight the role of ‘noise’ in communication,
which can disrupt or alter a message
between sender and receiver.

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LINEAR MODELS
4. Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model
Berlo’s S-M-C-R model explains it in four
steps: Source, Message, Channel, and
Receiver.

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THE INTERACTIVE
MODELS
5. Osgood-Schramm
Model
The Osgood-Schramm model explores
communication that is equal and reciprocal.
It does not differentiate between the sender
and receiver, but sees each as being in an
equal position as message encoders and
decoders.

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 THE INTERACTIVE MOD-
ELS
6. The Westley and Ma-
clean Model
The Westley and Maclean model shows
that our communication is influenced by
environmental, cultural and personal factors.

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THE TRANSACTIONAL
MODELS
7. Barnlund’s Transactional
Model
Barnlund’s Transactional Model of
Communication highlights the role of private
and public cues that impact our messages.

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THE TRANSACTIONAL
MODELS
8. Dance’s Helical Model
Dance’s Helical Model sees communication
as a circular process that gets more and more
complex as communication occurs, which
can be represented by a helical spiral.

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