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THE BHOPAL SCHOOL OF

SOCIAL SCIENCES

FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR

OF COMMERCE- HONOURS

“IMPACT OF GST ON NON

PROFESSIONALS”
(BUSINESSMAN AND SELLERS)

RESEARCH GUIDE SUBMITTED BY

MISS RICHA BHATIAMOHAMMADMUDDASIR KHAN
B.COM (HONORS)
SECTION-“B”, 3RD YEAR
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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that MOHAMMAD MUDDASIR KHAN is a

regular student of “THE BHOPAL SCHOOL OF SOCIAL
SCIENCES” . he has conducted an authentic research report on the
topic “IMPACT OF GST ON NON PROFESSIONALS”
(BUSINESSMAN AND SELLERS) and has completed the research
project successfully under the guidance of MISS RICHA BHATIA.
The project has been prepared for honors paper of B.com (honors) for
examination session 2021-2022 and is been submitted thereof.

RESEARCH GUIDE :MISS RICHA BHATIA

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. FR. JOHN P.J.
(PRINCIPAL)OfThe Bhopal School Of Social Sciences. DR.
SMITHA PILLAI (Our research methodology teacher) to have
provided me with such a great opportunity to work on this research
project.
I am indeed thankful to MISS RICHA BHATIA, my teacher guide
for her constant support and guidance throughout the report work,
without which I could not have completed this work.
I am grateful to all the respondent of the questionnaire for being so
much cooperative and patient to fill the required answer in the
questionnaires. The project would not have been such a success
without their contribution.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank my family, friends and all
those who helped me in some way or the other in the successful
completion of this research project.

MOHAMMAD MUDDASIR KHAN

(182027)
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DECLARATION
I MOHAMMAD MUDDASIR KHAN hereby declare that the
project entitled “A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF GST ON NON
PROFESSIONALS”(BUSINESSMAN AND SELLERS) submitted
to ‘The Bhopal School Of Social Sciences’ is a record of original
work done by me under the guidance of MISS. RICHA BHATIA.
Any inferences, research or similarity is purely coincidental.

MOHAMMAD MUDDASIR KHAN

B.com (Honors) third year
Section ‘B’
Roll No. 18051084
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ABSTRACT
The objective of the study “A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF GST ON NON

PROFESSIONALS”(BUSINESSMAN AND SELLERS) is to know the

impact of GST on sales of seller and to provide a conceptual framework of GST

and its salient features. The data was collected through structured questionnaire

(Google form). Secondary data is used to study past research papers and

different books related to the topic to enhance clear knowledge about the topic.

The analysis of the primary data has been done percentage method and chi

square test. It was found from the study that there is no such impact of GST on

the sales of the sellers. It also bring in the light various benefits and limitations

of GST. As well as the research also help to provide a wider scope on how

business have adapted GST and have gained or loss from it.
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Index
S.no. CONTENT Page No.
1 1 Introduction 8
1.1 About the topic 9-10
1.2 Significance of the topic 11
2 2 Literature review 12-13
3 3 Objectives of Research 14
3.1 Objectives of the research study 15
4 4 Research methodology 16
4.1 What is research Methodology 17
4.1.1 Types of research 17-19
4.1.2Hypothesis 20-22
4.1.3 Research design 22-23
4.1.4 Sample design 23
4.1.5 Sample variables 24
4.1.6 Sample size and units 24-26
4.1.7 Source of data collection 26
4.2 Research Methodology of my study 29-31
4.3 Problem faced while data collection 32
5 5 Analysis and Interpretation 33
5.1 Hypothesis testing 34-37
5.2 Analysis and interpretation of the questions 38-61
6 6 Finding and Conclusion 62
6.1 Findings 63
6.2 Suggestions 64
6.3 Conclusion 65
7 7.1 Limitations of the research study 67
7.2 Scope of the research study 68
8 Bibliography 69
9 Appendix 70-
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LIST OF TABLES
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
TABLE NO. 1 Table showing contingency table of chi square 35
TABLE NO. 2 Table showing calculation for chi-square 36
TABLE NO. 3 Table showing age of the respondents 38
TABLE NO. 4 Table showinggender of the respondents 39
TABLE NO. 5 Table showing occupation of the respondents 40
TABLE NO. 6 Table showing average sales of sellers 41
TABLE NO. 7 Table showing impact of GST on businesses 42
TABLE NO. 8 Table showing change in the price level of product 43
TABLE NO. 9 Table showing impact of GST on tax evasion 44
TABLE NO. 10 Table showing rating of GST as a new tax system 45
TABLE NO. 11 Table showing beneficial of GST 46
TABLE NO. 12 Table showing satisfaction level in the variations of GST 47
rates
TABLE NO. 13 Table showing transparency in GST system 48
TABLE NO. 14 Table showing degree of procedure for filling GST return 49
TABLE NO. 15 Table showing awareness in the concept of CGST, SGST & 50
IGST
TABLE NO. 16 Table showing rating of respondents 51
TABLE NO. 17 Table showing burden of cost on customer 52
TABLE NO. 18 Table showing rating of respondents 53
TABLE NO. 19 Table showing which tax system is more beneficial 54
TABLE NO. 20 Table showing opinion regarding regular amendments 55
TABLE NO. 21 Table showing method of filling GST return 56
TABLE NO. 22 Table showing opinion about GST 57
TABLE NO. 23 Table showing opinion about GST 58
TABLE NO. 24 Table showing satisfaction level with the classification of 59
goods in various rates slabs
TABLE NO. 25 Table showing opinion of respondents on DIGITAL INDIA 60
campaign
TABLE NO. 26 Table showing overall analysis 71
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
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1.1 ABOUT THE TOPIC

What is GST?
GST is an Indirect Tax which has replaced many Indirect Taxes in India. The Goods and
Service Tax Act was passed in the Parliament on 29th March 2017. The Act came into effect
on 1st July 2017; Goods & Services Tax Law in India is a comprehensive, multi-stage,
destination-based tax that is levied on every value addition.
In simple words, Goods and Service Tax (GST) is an indirect tax levied on the supply of
goods and services. This law has replaced many indirect tax laws that previously existed in
India.
GST is one indirect tax for the entire country. So, before Goods and Service Tax, the pattern
of tax levy was as follows:
Under the GST regime, the tax is levied at every point of sale. In the case of intra-state sales,
Central GST and State GST are charged. Inter-state sales are chargeable to Integrated GST.
Now let us try to understand the definition of Goods and Service Tax – “GST is a
comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax that is levied on every value addition.”
Multi-stage
There are multiple change-of-hands an item goes through along its supply chain: from
manufacture to final sale to the consumer. Let us consider the following case:
i.Purchase of raw materials
ii.Production or manufacture
iii.Warehousing of finished goods
iv. Sale to wholesaler
v. Sale of the product to the retailer
vi. Sale to the end consumer

Goods and Services Tax is levied on each of these stages which makes it a multi-stage tax.
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Value Addition

The manufacturer who makes biscuits buys flour, sugar and other material. The value of the
inputs increases when the sugar and flour are mixed and baked into biscuits. The
manufacturer then sells the biscuits to the warehousing agent who packs large quantities of
biscuits and labels it. That is another addition of value after which the warehouse sells it to
the retailer. The retailer packages the biscuits in smaller quantities and invests in the
marketing of the biscuits thus increasing its value.
GST is levied on these value additions i.e. the monetary value added at each stage to achieve
the final sale to the end customer.
Destination Base
Consider goods manufactured in Maharashtra and are sold to the final consumer in
Karnataka. Since Goods & Service Tax is levied at the point of consumption. So, the entire
tax revenue will go to Karnataka and not Maharashtra.
Journey of GST in India
The GST journey began in the year 2000 when a committee was set up to draft law. It took 17
years from then for the Law to evolve. In 2017 the GST Bill was passed in the Lok Sabha and
Rajya Sabha. On 1st July 2017 GST Law came into force.
What are the components of GST?
There are 3 taxes applicable under this system: CGST, SGST & IGST.
1. CGST: Collected by the Central Government on an intra-state sale (E.g.: transaction
happening within Maharashtra)
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2. SGST: Collected by the State Government on an intra-state sale (E.g.: transaction

happening within Maharashtra)
3. IGST: Collected by the Central Government for inter-state sale (E.g.: Maharashtra to
Tamil Nadu)
What changes has GST brought in?
In the pre-GST regime, every purchaser including the final consumer paid tax on tax. This tax
on tax is called Cascading Effect of Taxes. GST has removed this cascading effect as the tax
is calculated only on the value-addition at each stage of the transfer of ownership.
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1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF TOPIC

GST has mainly removed the Cascading effect on the sale of goods and services. Removal of

cascading effect has impacted the cost of goods. Since the GST regime eliminates the tax on

tax, the cost of goods decreases. GST is also mainly technologically driven. All activities like

registration, return filing, application for refund and response to notice needs to be done

online on the GST Portal; this accelerates the processes.

Removing cascading tax effect.

1 .Higher threshold for registration.
2. Lesser compliances.
3. Composition scheme for small business.
4. Online simple procedure for GST.
5 .Defined treatment for e-commerce.
6. Regulating the unorganised sector.
7. Increased efficiency in logistics.
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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE
REVIEW
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LITERATURE REVIEW:
2.1 PinkiSupriyaKamma and Richa Verma
(July 2014)
In their research of “Goods and Service Tax- Panacea for indirect tax system in India” they
havesuggested that government in India is positive towards implementation of GST. The
objective of the study was to enquire the impact of GST after its implementation. Their study
was based on the secondary data source. It has implied that merging of various taxes under
one has led to simplicity of tax system. It proved to be beneficial to the Central government,
State government as well as to the consumer in the long term. They concluded that GST must
be backed by strong IT infrastructure for getting long term gain due to expensive software
and complicated procedure.

2.2 Nitin Kumar (2014)

In his study “Goods and Service Tax-A Way Forward”-concluded that implementation of
GST in India help in removing the economic distortion by Current Indirect Tax system and
we have seen that total 160 countries have GST as their Indirect Tax System and it is
successful in some countries and in some countries it is working or developing. GST
encourage unbiased tax structure which is indifferent to geographical locations. It was seen in
previous tax system that all the states have their own and different tax rates, which may be
the reason for Tax Evasion. So,GST may help in reducing Tax Evasion and economic
distortion.

2.3 MONNIKA GUPTA AND UPASANA HANDA (2016)

In the research, “GST in India” examined the consumption and production of goods and
services is increasing due to the implementation of GST. Another objective is to know the
need for GST in India. The study is based on the secondary data sources and for measuring
the performance bar diagrams and various financial ratios were used. The study has revealed
that there are less chances of tax evasion. A study concluded that GST is a simpler, user
friendly, transparent tax system.

2.4 NISHITA GUPTA PROFESSOR (2015)

In her study sheconcluded that tax policy plays an important role on the economy through
their impact on both efficiency and equity. A good tax system should keep in views issues of
income distribution and at the same time also endeavor to generate tax revenue to
supportgovernment expenditure on public services and infrastructure activities. GST can also
help in reducing black marketing and corruption in the economy but in longer context it is
good for economy.
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CHAPTER – 3

OBJECTIVES OF
THE
TOPIC
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3.1 OBJECTIVES

• To highlight the benefits associated with the implementation ofGST.

• To know the changes in the level of price after implementation of GST.

• To find out the impact of GST on sales of seller.

• To provide a conceptual framework of GST and its salient features

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CHAPTER 4

RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
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4.1 WHAT IS RESEARCH?

Research is a logical and systematic search for new and useful information on a particular
topic. It is an investigation of finding solutions to scientific and social problems through
objective and systematic analysis. It is a search for knowledge, that is, a discovery of hidden
truths. Here knowledge means information about matters. The information might be collected
from different sources like experience, human beings, books, journals, nature, etc. A research
can lead to new contributions to the existing knowledge. Only through research is it possible
to make progress in a field. Research is indeed civilization and determines the economic,
social and political development of a nation. The results of scientific research very often
force a change in the philosophical view of problems which extend far beyond the restricted
domain of science itself.

RESEARCH METHADOLOGY
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be
understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it we study the
various steps that are generally adopted by a research in studying his research problem along
with the logic behind them.

It is necessary for the researcher to know not only the research methods but
also the methodology.

Researcher not only need to know how to develop certain indices or test, how to calculate
mean, the mode, the median or the standard deviation or chi square, how to apply particular
research technique, but they also need to know which of these methods, are relevant and
which are not, and what would they mean and indicate and why.

Example: an architect, who design a building, has to consciously evaluate the basis of his
decision, i.e. he has to evaluate why and on what basis he select particular size, numbers and
location of doors, uses of particular material and not others and the like.

4.1.1 TYPES OF RESEARCH

1. Basic research
Basic research is an investigation on basic principles and reasons for occurrence of a
particular event or process or phenomenon. It is also called theoretical research. Study or
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investigation of some natural phenomenon or relating to pure science are termed as basic
research. Basic researches sometimes may not lead to immediate use or application. It is not
concerned with solving any practical problems of immediate interest. But it is original or
basic in character. It provides a systematic and deep insight into a problem and facilitates
extraction of scientific and logical explanation and conclusion on it. It helps build new
frontiers of knowledge. The outcomes of basic research form the basis for many applied
research.

Basic research
• Seeks generalization
• Attempts to explain why things happen
• Tries to get all the facts
• Reports in technical language of the topic

2. Applied research:
In an applied research one solves certain problems employing well known and accepted
theories and principles. Most of the experimental research, case studies and inter-disciplinary
research are essentially applied research. Applied research is helpful for basic research. A
research, the outcome of which has immediate application is also termed as applied research.
Such a research is of practical use to current activity.

Applied research

• Studies individual or specific cases without the objective to generalize

• Aims at any variable which makes the desired difference
• Tries to say how things can be changed
• Tries to correct the facts which are problematic
• Reports in common language

3. Action Research

This type of study is undertaken to solve some specific immediate problem. Action research
is a philosophy and methodology of research generally applied in the social sciences. It seeks
transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking action and doing research,
which are linked together by critical reflection. Action research practitioners reflect upon
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theone sequences of their own questions, beliefs, assumptions, and practices with the goal of
understanding, developing, and improving social practices

4. Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is subjective and seeks to describe or interpret whatever is being
researched. Instead of numbers, this type of research provides information in the form of
words or visual representations. It relies on the researcher to observe, record what happens,
such as participants' answers to open-ended questions, subjects' behaviour or the results of
experiments. Case studies are common examples of qualitative research.

• It is non-numerical, descriptive, applies reasoning and uses words.

• Its aim is to get the meaning, feeling and describe the situation.
• Qualitative data cannot be graphed.
• It is exploratory.
• It investigates the why and how of decision making.

5. Quantitative Research

Quantitative research is the collecting of objective numerical data. Features are classified and
counted, and statistical models are constructed to analyse and explain the information that has
been gathered. Some of the tools used for this type of research include questionnaires that are
given to test subjects, equipment that is used to measure something and databases of existing
information. The goal of quantitative research is to compile statistical evidence, so the
questionnaires used in this method typically include yes-or-no questions or multiple-choice
questions rather than open-ended questions such as essay questions. Quantitative research
refers to the use of numbers for data analysis. Different types are used in various disciplines,
including epidemiology, science and medicine. The numbers can be collected manually or
automatically, depending on the type of research and requisite level of accuracy and
preciseness.

• It is numerical, non-descriptive, applies statistics or mathematics and uses numbers.

• It is an iterative process whereby evidence is evaluated.
• The results are often presented in tables and graphs.
• It is conclusive.
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6. Descriptive research

Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being

studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred.
Rather it addresses the "what" question (what are the characteristics of the population or
situation being studied?) The characteristics used to describe the situation or population are
usually some kind of categorical scheme also known as descriptive categories. For example,
the periodic table categorizes the elements. Scientists use knowledge about the nature of
electrons, protons and neutrons to devise this categorical scheme. We now take for granted
the periodic table, yet it took descriptive research to devise it. Descriptive research generally
precedes explanatory research. For example, over time the periodic table’s description of the
elements allowed scientists to explain chemical reaction and make sound prediction when
elements were combined. Hence, descriptive research cannot describe what caused a
situation. Thus, descriptive research cannot be used as the basis of a causal relationship,
where one variable affects another. In other words, descriptive research can be said to have a
low requirement for internal validity.

7. Empirical Research

Empirical research is defined as any research where conclusions of the study is strictly drawn
from concretely empirical evidence, and therefore “verifiable” evidence. This empirical
evidence can be gathered using quantitative market research and qualitative market research
methods. For example: A research is being conducted to find out if listening to happy music
while working may promote creativity? An experiment is conducted by using a music
website survey on a set of audience who are exposed to happy music and another set who are
not listening to music at all, and the subjects are then observed. The results derived from such
a research will give empirical evidence if it does promote creativity or not.

4.1.2 Hypothesis

Ordinarily when we talk about hypothesis, one simply means a mere assumption or some
supposition to be proved or disapproved. But for a researcher hypothesis is a formal question
that he intends to solve.
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According to Black & Champion, “A tentative statement about something, the validity of
which is usually unknown.”

Thus a hypothesis may be defined as a proportion or a set of proportion set forth as an

explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomenon either asserted merely
as a established facts. A research hypothesis is a predictive statement, capable of being tested
by scientific methods, that relates an independent variable to some dependent variable.

EXAMPLE: “the automobile A is performing as well as B”

These are hypothesis capable of being tested objectively verified and tested.

TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS

Simple Hypothesis

Simple hypothesis is that one in which there exists relationship between two variables one is
called independent variable or cause and other is dependent variable or effect. For example

• Smoking leads to Cancer

• The higher ratio of unemployment leads to crimes.

Complex Hypothesis

Complex hypothesis is that one in which as relationship among variables exists. I recommend
you should read characteristics of a good research hypothesis. In this type dependent as well
as independent variables are more than two. For example

• Smoking and other drugs leads to cancer, tension chest infections etc.
• The higher ration of unemployment poverty, illiteracy leads to crimes like dacoit,
Robbery, Rape, prostitution & killing etc.

Working Hypothesis

Working hypothesis is that one which is applied to a field. During the formulation it is an
assumption only but when it is pat to a test become an empirical or working hypothesis.
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Null Hypothesis

Null hypothesis is contrary to the positive statement of a working hypothesis. According to

null hypothesis there is no relationship between dependent and independent variable. It is
denoted by ‘HO”. For example

Alternative Hypothesis

Firstly many hypotheses are selected then among them select one which is more workable
and most efficient. That hypothesis is introduced latter on due to changes in the old
formulated hypothesis. It is denote by “HI”. For example

4.1.3 Research design

A research design is a broad plan that states objectives of research project and provides the
guidelines what is to be done to realize those objectives. It is, in other words, a master plan
for executing a research project.The research design is similar to broad plan or model that
states how the entire research project would be conducted. It is desirable that it must be in
written form and must be simple and clearly stated. The real project is carried out as per the
research design laid down in advance.

Types

1. Exploratory Research Design:

This design is followed to discover ideas and insights to generate possible explanations. It
helps in exploring the problem or situation. It is, particularly, emphasized to break a broad
vague problem statement into smaller pieces or sub-problem statements that help forming
specific hypothesis.

The hypothesis is a conjectural (imaginary, speculative, or abstract) statement about the

relationship between two or more variables. Naturally, in initial state of the study, we lack
sufficient understanding about problem to formulate a specific hypothesis. Similarly, we
haveseveral competitive explanations of marketing phenomenon. Exploratory research design
is used to establish priorities among those competitive explanations. The exploratory research
design is used to increase familiarity of the analyst with problem under investigation. This is
particularly true when researcher is new in area, or when problem is of different type.
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This design is followed to realize following purposes:

1. Clarifying concepts and defining problem

2. Formulating problem for more precise investigation
3. Increasing researcher’s familiarity with problem
4. Developing hypotheses
5. Establishing priorities for further investigation

2. Descriptive Research Design:

Descriptive research design is typically concerned with describing problem and its solution. It
is more specific and purposive study. Before rigorous attempts are made for descriptive
study, the well-defined problem must be on hand. Descriptive study rests on one or more
hypotheses.

For example, “our brand is not much familiar,” “sales volume is stable,” etc. It is more
precise and specific. Unlike exploratory research, it is not flexible. Descriptive research
requires clear specification of who, why, what, when, where, and how of the research.
Descriptive design is directed to answer these problems.

3. Experimental Research Design:

Causal research design deals with determining cause and effect relationship. It is typically in
form of experiment. In causal research design, attempt is made to measure impact of
manipulation on independent variables (like price, products, advertising and selling efforts or
marketing strategies in general) on dependent variables (like sales volume, profits, and brand
image and brand loyalty). It has more practical value in resolving marketing problems. We
can set and test hypotheses by conducting experiments.

Test marketing is the most suitable example of experimental marketing in which the
independent variable like price, product, promotional efforts, etc., are manipulated (changed)
to measure its impact on the dependent variables, such as sales, profits, brand loyalty,
competitive strengths product differentiation and so on.

4.1.4 SAMPLE DESIGN

A sample design is a definite plan for obtain a sample from a given population. It refers to
technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting sample from population.
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4.1.5 SAMPLE UNIT

Sampling unit is that element or set of elements considered for selection in some stage of
sampling. In asimple single stage sampling approach (e.g., census, household, adults)
however all three are samplingunits while only the last is an element. The term primary
sampling unit, secondary sampling unit, and finalsampling units designate these success
stages.

Sample units depends on:

1. The type of data analysis to be performed

2. The desired precision of the estimates one wishes to achieve
3. The kind and number of comparisons that will be made
4. The number of variables that have to be examined simultaneously

4.1.6 SAMPLE SIZE

Sample size measures the number of individual samples measured or observations used in a
survey orexperiment. It is a count of the individual samples or observations in any statistical
setting, such as ascientific experiment or a public opinion survey. Though a relatively
straightforward concept, choice ofsample size is a critical determination for a project. Too
small a sample yields unreliable results, whilean overly large sample demands a good deal of
time and resources.

4.3.2 TYPES OF SAMPLING:

It is process of representative portion of entire portion. It is an integral part of research

methodology. Itinvolves selecting of group of people, event or behaviours or other element
with which to conduct astudy.

Non-Probability Sampling:

Non-probability Sampling is that sampling procedures which does not afford on any basis of
estimatingthe probability that each item in the population has of being included in the sample.
Non-probabilitysampling is also known by different names such as quota sampling,
judgmental sampling, conveniencesampling.

Convenience Sampling:When population elements are selected for inclusion in the sample
based on the ease of access. It canbe called convenience sampling, if a researcher wishes to
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secure data from, say gasoline buyers, he mayselected a fixed number of petrol stations and
may conduct interview these stations.

Judgmental Sampling:The researcher’s judgment used for selecting items which he considers
as representative of thepopulation. For example: - a judgment sample of college students
might be taken to secure reaction toa new method of teachings.

Quota Sampling:It involves the non-random selection of elements based on the identification
of specific characteristics to increase the sample representative.

Probability Sampling:

This kind of sampling involves the selection of elements from the population using random
sampling in which each element of the universe has an equal and independent chance of
being chosen.

Simple Random Sampling: Under this each matter in the universe has an equal chance of
being selected. This method is also termed as THE LOTTERY or FISH BOWL
TECHNIQUE. For the lottery method there is a need for listing the members of the
population. The names or codes of all the members are written on the piece of a paper and
then placed in a container. The researcher draws the number of sample from the container.
This process is relatively easy for small population but is difficult for large population and is
very time consuming.

Systematic Sampling: Under this sampling, sample are selected by following some rules set
by the researcher which involves selecting the nth member from where the random start is
determined. A system is plan for selecting members after random starts is determined. This
every nth member of the population is determined by the system in drawing or selecting the
member of the sample.

Stratified Sampling: This type of probability sampling selects the member of the sample from
each sub-population or strata. This method is used when there is a large population. Sample
per strata are then randomly selected but consideration must be given to the sizes of the
random samples to be drawn from the sub groups.

Cluster Sampling: This method is used when population is divided into clusters or groups. In
this samples are selected in groups rather than individuals who are employed in a large scale
survey.
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Multi-Stage Sampling: Under this samples are selected by using two or more sampling
methods. It is rarely used because ofcomplexity of its application. It requires time, effort and
cost.

4.1.7 SOURCE OF DATA COLLECTION

MEANING AND DEFINITION

Collection of data means the method that is to be employed for obtaining the required
information from the units under investigation. The method of collection of data depends
upon the nature, object and scope of investigation on one hand and the availability of
moneyand the time on the other. It is prime importance to know very clearly the points on
which data is to collect for analysis of problem at hand.

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

• PRIMARY DATA

• SECONDARY DATA

PRIMARY DATA: Primary data is one which is collected by the investigator himself for the
purpose of a specific enquiry or study. Suchdata is original in character and it’s generated by
survey conducted by individuals or research institutions.

SECONDARY DATA: When an investigator uses the data which has already being
collected by others such data is called as secondary data. The secondary data can be obtained
from journals, report government publications, publication of professionals and research
organisations etc.

SOURCES OF PRIMARY DATA

There are various modes of collection of primary data. They are following:-

❖ OBSERVATION
❖ QUESTIONNAIRE / SCHEDULE
❖ INTERVIEW
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OBSERVATION

Watching with the view to derive to a conclusion is known as observation. In observation

method, the information is sought by way of investigators own direct observation without
asking from respondents.

Goode and Hatt say “science begins with observation and must ultimately return to
observation for its final validation.”

Moses and Kalton say “observation implies the use of eyes rather than the ears and the
voice.”

According to oxford concise dictionary,

“Observation means accurate watching, knowing of phenomenon as they occur in nature
with regard to cause and effect or mutual relation.”

QUESTIONNAIRE

Questionnaire is an important tool in obtaining the important information in particular field of

enquiry. In general the word questionnaire refers to a device for securing answers to
questions, by using a form which the respondents fill in. On the other hand schedules the
name usually applied to a set of questions which are asked and filled in by the interviewer in
a face to face situation. In both the cases, the wording of the questions is the same for all
respondents.

According to Davis and Jenson, “A questionnaire is a systematic compilation of question that

is submitted to a sampling of population from which information is desire.”

According to Goode and Hatt, “In general questionnaire refers to a devise for securing
answers to questions by using a form which the respondent fills in himself.”

Schedule may be defined as a Performa that consists a set of questions which are asked and
filled by the investigator in a face to face situation with another. In this method of data
collection the interviewer put certain question and the respondents furnish certain answer and
the interviewer record as it is given.

INTERVIEW
30 | P a g e

The interview is the implement par excellence of the field worker, particularly in an
underdeveloped country both because of both types of problem tackled and the environment
from which data are to be collected.

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

A) Published Sources
1. Official publications of the government at all levels – Central, State, Union territories and
councils.
2. Official publications of foreign countries.
3. Newspapers and Journals of repute, both local and international.

B) Un-published Sources
1. Unpublished findings of certain inquiry committees.
2. Research workers’ findings
3. Unpublished material found with Trade Associations, Labour organisations and Chambers
of Commerce.
31 | P a g e

4.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF OUR STUDY

RESEARCH TYPE IN THE RESEARCH PROJECT

My research work is Descriptive type which includes Surveys and Fact-Findings enquiries of

different kinds.

HYPOTHESIS OF THE RESEARCH STUDY

FOR HYPOTHESIS TESTING:

NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0): “There is no significant relationship between impact of GST

and level of sale on business.”

ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS (H1): “There is a significant relationship between impact of

GST and level of sale on business.”

RESEARCH DESIGN IN RESEARCH PROJECT

The research design used in my research work is Descriptive where by descriptive design is

used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena and to describe

"what exists" with respect to variables and conditions in a situation.

IMPACT ON SALES OF THE SELLERS AFTER GST

FORMULATING OBJECTIVES

GETTING INDEPTH KNOWLEDGE ABOUT

THE TOPIC
32 | P a g e

FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS

NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING

SAMPLE SIZE – 70 (JUDGEMENTAL SAMPLING SAMPLING UNIT-
Responses AND SNOWBALL SAMPLING) BHOPAL

DATA COLLECTION
PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE
(QUESTIONNAIRE (RESEARCH PAPERS AND
-GOOGLE FORM) BOOKS)
ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION

GRAPHS AND PIE CHI- SQUARE TEST

CHARTS

PRESENATATION OF DATA
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE IN THE RESEARCH PROJECT

In my research work the technique of Non Probability sampling has been used. Under Non
Probability sampling, following two sampling techniques are used:

1. Judgemental Sampling: According to the need of the research study those sample
respondents are selected who are the best representative of the whole population.
2. Snowball Sampling: To collect the required number of respondents this sampling
technique is used, as it helped to locate respondents with desired characteristics.

SAMPLE VARIABLES IN RESEARCH PROJECT

The variables which are used in my research report are:

FOR HYPOTHESIS TESTING:

Independent Variables: POSITIVE IMPACT
NEGATIVE IMPACT
NO IMPACT
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Dependent Variable: BELOW 20 LAKHS SALES

ABOVE 20 LAKH SALES

SAMPLE SIZE

The sample size of my research work is 70 responses, which is capable of representing the
population as well.

DATA COLLECTION IN RESEARCH WORK

My research study has used both primary data and secondary data in the following way:-

1. PRIMARY DATA

In order to know about the age, preference, reasons for their preference, primary data was

collected with the help of questionnaires (Google form)

2. SECONDARY DATA

In order to know about the previous research done on the similar topics and know about their

shortcomings and scope of research, secondary data was collected from internet.
34 | P a g e

4.3 Problem facedwhile data collection

1. Some respondents refused to disclose the fact due to lack of time and

interest.

2. It was difficult to find the adequate number of sellers as a respondent.

3. Some of the respondents neglect few question to answer.

4. Some respondents had lack of knowledge regarding the topic.

5. Due to hurry and shortage of time, some respondents provide inaccurate

answer.
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CHAPTER 5

ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
36 | P a g e

5.1 HYPOTHESIS TESTING

To test a hypothesis means to tell (on the basis of the data the researcher has collected)
whether or not the hypothesis seems to be valid. In the hypothesis testing the main question
is: whether to accept the null hypothesis or not to accept the null hypothesis? Procedure for
hypothesis testing refers to all those steps that we undertake for making a choice between the
two actions i.e., rejection and acceptance of a null hypothesis

CHI-SQUARE TEST

The chi-square test is used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the
expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more categories. Does the
number of individuals or objects that fall in each category differ significantly from the
number expected? Is this difference between the expected and observed due to sampling
variation, or is it a real difference?

CONDITION FOR APPLICATION OF CHI-SQUARE TEST

1. Data should be expressed in original unit.

2. Every cell should have 5 observation (When observation is less than 5 then YATES
CORRECTION is applied).
3. Every observation should be independent to each other.
4. The number of observation or sample size should be large (more than 50-60).

Yates Correction-

Yates has suggested a correction for continuity in X2value calculated in connection with a
(2x2) table, particularly when any cell’s frequency is less than 5. The rule for correction is to
adjust the observed frequency in each cell of a (2x2) table in such a way as to reduce the
deviation of the observed from the expected frequency for that cell by 0.5, but this adjustment
is made in all the cells without disturbing the marginal totals. The formula is

X2= [|Oi- Ei|-0.5]2 /Ei

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APPLICATION OF CHI-SQUARE

For the purpose testing the hypothesis we have applied Chi-Square TestTo obtain the value of
Chi-square the formula applied is -

Where Oiis observed frequency ofithevent andEiis expected frequency of ithevent.

HYPOTHESIS TESTING (CHI SQUARE TEST):

HYPOTHESIS TESTING QUESTION:

1) What is your average sales per year?

a) below 20 lakhs
b) above 20 lakhs

2) What is the impact of GST on your business?

a)Positive impact
b) No impact
c) No impact

CONTINGENCY TABLE
TABLE 1
POSITIVE NEGATIVE NO IMPACT TOTAL
IMPACT IMPACT
BELOW 20 19 16 8 43
LAKHS
ABOVE 20 16 7 4 27
LAKHS
TOTAL 35 23 12 70

CALCULATION OF EXPECTED FREQUENCY (Ei)

= Row total for the row of that cell * Column total for the column of that cell
Grand total
38 | P a g e

HERE,
1. G1 : 35*43/70 = 21.5

2. G2: 35*27/70 = 13.5

3. G3 : 23*43/70 = 14.1

4. G4 : 23*27/70 = 8.9

5. G5 : 12*43/70 = 7.3

6. G6 : 12*27/70 = 4.7

Here we can observe that one of the frequency is less than 5, therefore we have to apply

YATES CORRRECTION.

TABLE 2

GROUP Oi Ei O-E (O –E) -0.5 [(Oi- Ei)- [(Oi- Ei )-0.5]2 /Ei

0.5]2

G1 19 21.5 -2.5 2 4 0.18

G2 16 13.5 2.5 2 4 0.29

G3 16 14.1 1.9 1.4 1.96 0.13

G4 7 8.9 -1.9 1.4 1.96 0.22

G5 8 7.3 0.7 0.2 0.04 0.005

G6 4 4.7 -0.7 0.2 0.04 0.008

∑ = 0.833

X2 = 0.833

DEGREE OF FREEDOM

FORMULA= (NO. OF ROWS – 1) (NO.OF COLUMNS)

39 | P a g e

= (2-1) (3-1)

=2

DEGREE OF SIGNIFICANCE

Degree of significance taken for the purpose of calculating the table value is 5%
Table value at 5% level of significance and 2 degree of freedom comes to be 5.991.

On comparing chi-square value with the table value we get that chi-square
value is less than table value X2< 5.991
As we know, when TV>CV
Then, Null Hypothesis is accepted.
Hence it could be concluded that Null hypothesis (H0) is accepted.

CONCLUSION
From this entire hypothesis testing it could be concluded that there is no
significant impact of GST on the level of sales.
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5.2 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONNAIRE

CLOSED ENDED QUESTIONS:

(a) Common Questions

1. Age:

TABLE 3

OPTION ANSWER FREQUEN PERCENTAGE

CY
A BELOW 15 0 0%
B 16-30 46 66%
C 30-40 18 26%
D 40 AND ABOVE 6 9%
TOTAL 70 100%

CHART

8%

A BELOW 15
26% B 16-30
C 30-40
66% D 40 AND ABOVE

INTERPRETATION

From the above table and pie chart we came to know that most of the respondents are from
the age group of 16-30 years, and then from the age group of 31-45 years. Therefore we can
41 | P a g e

say that this research study mostly covered the youth and the middle age people of the
population

2. Gender:

TABLE 4

OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A MALE 33 47%

B FEMALE 37 52%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART

A MALE
47%
53% B FEMALE

INTERPRETATION

It is evident from the chart that the numbers of female respondents are more than the number
of male respondents.
42 | P a g e

3. Occupation:

TABLE 5

OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A STUDENT 0 0%

B BUSINESS 69 99%

C PROFESSIONAL 1 1%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART

0%
1%

A STUDENT
B BUSINESS
C PROFESSIONAL

99%

INTERPRETATION

It can be observed from the table and chart that 99% of the respondents are from business
background and only 1% is professional. It is so because our study is based on the impact of
sellers.
43 | P a g e

(b) TOPIC RELATED QUESTIONS:

1. What is your average sales per year?

TABLE 6
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A BELOW 20LAKHS 43 61%

B ABOVE 20LAKHS 27 39%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 1

39%
A BELOW 20LAKHS
B ABOVE 20LAKHS
61%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 1, shows that, out of 70 respondents, 61% of sellers have sales below 20 Lakhs and
39% have above 20 Lakhs.
44 | P a g e

2. What is the impact of GST on your business?

TABLE 7
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A POSITIVE 35 50%

B NEGATIVE 23 33%

C NO IMPACT 12 17%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 2

17%

A POSITIVE
50% B NEGATIVE
C NO IMPACT
33%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 2, shows the impact of GST on their business.
Among 70 respondents, GST has positive impact on 50 % of sellers, negative impact on 33%
of sellers and no such impact on 17% of sellers.
45 | P a g e

Hence it can be seen 50% of sellers must have gained after implementation of GST.

3. Is there any change in the price level of your product after implementation of
GST?
TABLE 8
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
A INCREASE 46 66%

B DECREASE 9 13%

C NO CHANGE 15 21%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 3

21%

A INCREASE
B DECREASE
13%
C NO CHANGE
66%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 3, shows the change in the price level of their product.
Among 70 respondents, price level has increased in the business of 66% of sellers and
decreased in 13% of sellers. But 21% of sellers doesn't have any change in the price level of
their product. It shows the neutral effect of their business after GST.
46 | P a g e

4. Does the impact of GST reduced the tax evasion?

TABLE 9
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A YES 35 50%

B NO 13 19%

C CAN’T SAY 22 31%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 4

31%
A YES
50% B NO
C CAN’T SAY

19%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 4, shows the impact of GST on the tax evasion.

Here it can be seen that out of 70 respondents, 50% of sellers are of the opinion that it has
reduced the tax evasion in the economy. 19% of are of the opinion that it doesn't have any
impact on the reduction of tax evasion. Rest 31% of sellers are not sure about its impact.
47 | P a g e

5. How will you rate GST as a new tax system?

TABLE 10

OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A EXCELLENT 3 6%
B GOOD 32 45%
C AVERAGE 19 27%
D SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT 15 21%
E POOR 1 1%
TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 5

2%4%
21% A EXCELLENT
B GOOD
C AVERAGE
46%
D SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT
27% E POOR

INTERPRETATION
CHART 5, shows the opinion of sellers about GST as a new tax system.
We asked them to rate GST accordingly.
Out of 70 respondents, 6% rated it as Excellent.45% rated it as Good. 27% rated it as
Average. 21% rated it as Scope for improvement. 1% rated it as Poor
We can observe that majority of sellers consider it as a good system. Second largest majority
of sellers think there is a better scope for improvement. Very few of them rated it as an
Excellent or Poor system.
48 | P a g e

6. Do you think implementation of GST is personally beneficial for you?

TABLE 11
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
A YES 27 39%

B NO 15 21%

C CANT SAY 28 40%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 6

40% 39% A YES

B NO
C CANT SAY

21%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 6, shows that Is GST beneficial for sellers or not.

Here it can be seen that, out of 70 respondents, 39% of sellers thinks it is beneficial for them
while 21% think it is not personally beneficial for them. Rest majority i.e. 40% are of the
neutral opinion.
49 | P a g e

7. Are you satisfied with the variations in the GST rates on your product?

TABLE 12

OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A HIGHLY SATISFIED 1 1%
B SATISFIED 20 29%
C NEUTRAL 37 53%
D DISSATISFIED 8 11%
E HIGHLY 4 6%
DISSATISFIED
TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 7

6%1%
11% A HIGHLY SATISFIED
29%
B SATISFIED
C NEUTRAL
D DISSATISFIED
E HIGHLY DISSATISFIED
53%

INTERPRETATION

CHART 7, shows that satisfaction level of the sellers regarding variation in the GST rates in
their product.
Among 70 respondents. Very few sellers are Highly Satisfied i.e. 1%. 29% of sellers are
satisfied. Majority of the sellers with 53% are of the Neutral opinion about the different rates.
11% of sellers are dissatisfied. Remaining 6% are Highly Dissatisfied with these variations.
50 | P a g e

8. After GST, transparency in tax system has?

TABLE 13
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A YES 27 39%

B NO 15 21%

C CANT SAY 28 40%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 8

40% 39% A YES

B NO
C CANT SAY

21%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 8, shows the opinion of sellers about the transparency of tax system after GST.
Here it can be seen that, out of 70 respondents, 39% of sellers think transparency has
increased. On the other hand 21% think it has decreased the transparency of tax system.
Remaining 40% don't have any idea about it.
51 | P a g e

9. The procedure for filling GST return is?

TABLE 14
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A EASY 19 27%

B COMPLICATED 23 33%

C MODERATE 28 40%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 9

27%
40% A EASY
B COMPLICATED
C MODERATE

33%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 9, shows the procedure of filling GST return.
Among 70 respondents, 27% of the population think the procedure for filling GST return is
Easy. 33% consider the procedure as Complicated. Remaining 40% find it Moderate. We can
observe that opinion of the sellers are not limited to only one option. They are widely
distributed between the options provided.
52 | P a g e

10. Are you aware about the concept of CGST, SGST and IGST?
TABLE 15
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A YES 65 93%

B NO 5 7%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 10

7%

A YES
B NO

93%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 10, shows ‘’Are sellers aware about the concept of CGST, SGST and IGST”.
Here it can be seen that out of 70 respondents, almost all the sellers are aware about the
concept (93%). Few of them are NOT aware i.e. 7%
53 | P a g e

11." GST is beneficial in long term".

TABLE 16
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A STRONGLY AGREE 6 9%

B AGREE 41 58%

C NEUTRAL 18 26%

D DISAGREE 5 7%

E STRONGLY DISAGREE 0 0%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 11

7%0% 9%
A STRONGLY AGREE

26% B AGREE
C NEUTRAL
D DISAGREE

58% E STRONGLY DISAGREE

INTERPRETATION
CHART 11, shows the opinion of sellers on the statement "GST is beneficial in long term".
54 | P a g e

Among 70 sellers, we can see that majority of the sellers i.e. 58% agree to this. Few of them
i.e. 9% strongly Agree to this. 26% of them have neutral opinion about it. And few of them
i.e. 7% Disagree to it.

12. Do you think GST reduces the burden of cost on your customer?
TABLE 17
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A YES 23 33%

B NO 27 38%
C CANT SAY 20 29%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 12

29%
33%
A YES
B NO
C CANT SAY

38%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 12, shows the sellers’ opinion on "Has GST reduced the cost of burden on their
customers".
It can be seen that, out of 70 respondents 33% of sellers say YES, it has reduced the burden.
On the other hand 38% say No, it has not reduced. While 29 % of them are of neutral
opinion.
55 | P a g e

13. "GST is acting as a source of revenue for government"

TABLE 18
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A STRONGLY AGREE 14 20%

B AGREE 40 57%
C NEUTRAL 13 19%
D DISAGREE 2 3%
E STRONGLY DISAGREE 1 1%
TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 13

1%
3%
20%
19% A STRONGLY AGREE
B AGREE
C NEUTRAL
D DISAGREE
E STRONGLY DISAGREE
57%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 13, shows the opinion of respondents on the statement “GST is acting as a source of
revenue for government”.
56 | P a g e

Here it can be seen that, out of 70 respondents 20% of the sellers have strongly agree to it.
More than half i.e.40% of sellers have agree to it. 19% have Neutral opinion about it while
very few sellers only have disagree to it.

14. Which tax system according to you is more beneficial?

TABLE 19
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
A EXCISE DUTY 4 6%

B SALES TAX 13 18%

C GST 53 76%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 14

6%
18%
A EXCISE DUTY
B SALES TAX
C GST
76%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 14, shows which tax system is beneficial for respondents.
Here we can see that, out of 70 respondents very few sellers think that excise duty was a good
tax system. 18% of sellers think sales tax is beneficial.
While majority (76%) of sellers think that GST is more beneficial as tax system.
57 | P a g e

15. Are you aware about the regular amendments in GST?

TABLE 20
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A YES 54 77%

B NO 16 23%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 15

23%

A YES
B NO

77%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 15, represents Are sellers aware about the regular amendment in GST.
Here it can be seen that, out of 70 respondents, 77% are aware of it while 23% are not aware
about the amendments.
58 | P a g e

16. How do you file your GST return?

TABLE 21
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A BY YOURSELF 20 29%

B BY CA 40 57%

C BY OTHERS 10 14%
EXPERTS

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 16

14%
29%
A BY YOURSELF
B BY CA
C BY OTHERS

57%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 16, represents the methods by which sellers file their GST return.
59 | P a g e

Here it can be seen that, among 70 sellers, 29% file it by themselves. 57% get fill it by a CA
and remaining 14% fill it by some other experts.

17. Comparing to previous tax system, what do you think about GST?

TABLE 22
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A REQUIRE 13 19%
EXPENSIVE
SOFTWARE
B COMPLICATED 10 14%
PROCEDURE
C REQUIRE 21 30%
SPECIAL
KNOWLEDGE
D ALL OF THE 26 37%
AVOVE
TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 17

19%
A REQUIRE EXPENSIVE SOFTWARE
37%
B COMPLICATED PROCEDURE
14%
C REQUIRE SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE
D ALL OF THE AVOVE

30%

INTERPRETATION
60 | P a g e

CHART 17, represents the opinion of respondents regarding GST

Here it can be seen that, out of 70 respondents, 19% of respondents think GST required
expensive software. 14% thinks it has very complicated procedure to be performed. 21%
think it requires special knowledge while remaining 37% have all the opinion mentioned
above.

18. After implementation of GST-

TABLE 23
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A BLACK MONEY 25 36%

HAS REDUCED
B CORRUPTION 12 17%
HAS REDUCED
C HIGH PRICE 15 21%
COST
D NONE OF THE 18 26%
ABOVE
TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 18

26%
A BLACK MONEY HAS REDUCED
36%
B CORRUPTION HAS REDUCED
C HIGH PRICE COST
D NONE OF THE ABOVE
21%
17%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 18, represents the impact of GST after its implementation.
61 | P a g e

Here it can be seen that, out of 70 respondents, 36% of respondents think that after GST
black money has reduced. 17% of them think it has reduced the corruption. 21% thinks it has
led to high price cost. While remaining 26% doesn’t agree to above-mentioned option.

19. Are you satisfied with the classification of goods in four basic slabs of 5%, 12%,
18% and 25%?
TABLE 24
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

A HIGHLY SATISFIED 1 1%

B SATISFIED 31 44%
C NEUTRAL 28 40%
D DISSATISFIED 7 10%
E HIGHLY DISSATISFIED 3 5%
TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 19

4%2%
10% A HIGHLY SATISFIED
B SATISFIED

44% C NEUTRAL
D DISSATISFIED

40% E HIGHLY DISSATISFIED

INTERPRETATION
CHART 19, represents the satisfaction level of respondents regarding classification of goods
in four basic slabs of 5%, 12%, 18% and 25%.
62 | P a g e

Here it can be seen that, among 70 respondents, only 1% are highly satisfied with these
classification. 44% are satisfied with it. 40% of respondents have neutral opinion regarding it.
10% are dissatisfied while 5% are highly dissatisfied with it.

20. Do you think GST supports "Digital India" campaign?

TABLE 25
OPTION ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
A YES 32 46%

B NO 9 13%

C MAYBE 29 41%

TOTAL 70 100%

CHART 20

A YES
41%
46%
B NO
C MAYBE

13%

INTERPRETATION
CHART 20, represents the opinion of respondents’ about GST as a supporter of “Digital

India” campaign. Here it can be seen that, out of 70 respondents, 46% of the sellers agree to
63 | P a g e

it. Only 13% think it doesn’t support the campaign while remaining 41% are of Neutral

opinion.

c)Open ended questions:

21) According to you, what is the benefit of GST?

ANALYSIS: Majority of the responses were that the GST has removed various taxes that
had previously occurred. GST has increased the transparency in tax system and has reduced
the tax evasion and black marketing to some extent. GST is beneficial for the country because
after its implementation government has imposed on every businessman to show the
maximum possible correct details and has to pay the maximum possible tax which is levied
on them.

22) According to you, what is the limitation of GST?

ANALYSIS: According to respondents, the major limitation of GST is its complicated
procedure and increased in cost due to software purchase. There is a challenge for Small
Business to adapt online system. Various slabs has made the GST very complicated for
sellers. Government is unable to provide necessary information regarding the changes which
has put the sellers in chaos.

23) What procedural change you would like to suggest for easy implementation of
GST?
ANALYSIS: According to respondents, the major changes that should be implied are that
there should be easy procedures for rectification of errors and no such penal consequence for
non-deliberated mistakes. Some of the Tax rates should be low which comes under the
normal use of regular people. There should be change in reverse charge mechanism.
Seminars should be organised by government. Software should be provided at nominal rate.
64 | P a g e

24) What is the impact of GST on your business?

ANALYSIS: According to respondents, GST has reduced the tax burden for businesses. It
has increased the quality of tendering a business. Due to proper maintenance of sales and
regular paying of taxes workload has increased. In some business things are improving by
time. In some business there is negative impact because every month there is some new
notifications and amendments in the GST laws and normal businessmen, traders, retailers are
getting more confused day by day.

CHAPTER 6

FINDINGS AND
CONCLUSION
65 | P a g e

6.1 FINDINGS

1. It is found that majority of the respondents have average sales below 20 Lakhs
2. It is found that 50% of the respondents have positive impact of GST in their business.
3. It can be seen that majority of the respondents are of the opinion that price level of their
product has increased after the implementation of GST.
4. Half of the respondents have a positive view that GST gas reduced the tax evasion.
5. It if found that majority of the respondents have rated GST as a "GOOD" tax system.
6. There is neutral effect of GST regarding overall benefit to the sellers.
7. It is found that most of the sellers have neutral opinion about the variations in the GST
rates on their product while 29% are satisfied with these variations.
8. It is found that more than half of the respondent think that GST has increased the
transparency in the tax system.
9. Around 40% of the respondents find procedure of filling GST return to be moderate.
10. It is found that almost all the respondents are aware about the concept of CGST, SGST
and IGST.
12. It is found that there is no such one sided opinion to whether GST reduced the cost
burden on the customer. 32% thinks yes it has reduced while 38% thinks it has not.
Remaining 28% have neutral opinion about it.
13. It is found that 57% of the respondents agree that GST act as a source of revenue for the
government.
14. It is found that majority of the respondents consider GST over previous tax system.
15. It is found that almost all the respondents are aware of the regular amendments in the
GST.
16. It is found that majority of the respondents file their GST return by CA.
66 | P a g e

17. It is found that majority of the respondents thinks GST requires expensive software,
special knowledge and has complicated procedure.
18. It is found that 35% of respondents thinks after GST black money has reduced.
19. It is found that majority of the respondents are satisfied or have neutral opinion about the
classification of goods in four basic slabs.
20. Majority of the respondents thinks that GST supports Digital India campaign.
67 | P a g e

6.2 SUGGESTIONS

1. The public suggested that there should be a smooth, transparent a simple transition
provisions which is easily understandable.

2. Special focus on awareness and training of all officers, professionals and assesses should
be given on GST.

3. An expert panel should be formed to recommend modifications to the Constitutions and it

should be published for the mass public.

4. The public also are not well informed on the benefits of the GST. Therefore, in order to
ensure efficient implementation of the GST, the government should come out with a proper
guideline to the society on the procedures for the implementation of GST.

5. 18% slab of GST should be reduced because it is much for middle class.

6. Quarterly returns are better instead of monthly returns.

7. There should be development of some software which can make the work easier.

8. Procedure for filling GST return should be made easier and submission of unwanted
documents could be removed.

9. Timely information should be provided with regard of regular amendments happening in

the GST.

10. There should be easy procedure for rectification of errors and no such penal consequences
for non-deliberated mistakes.
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6.2 CONCLUSION

The GST system is basically structured to simplify current Indirect tax system. A well

designed GST is an attractive method to get rid of deformation of the existing process of

multiple taxation. Under GST various indirect taxes are subsumed and it would result in a

simpler tax regime. GST brings the transparency in the tax system. It is a business-friendly

tax system as there is a positive impact of GST on sellers and they feel that it is personally

benefitted to them. GST had reduced the corruption and solved the problem of tax evasion.

Not only business-friendly, it is also a consumer-friendly tax system as it reduced the burden

of cost on the customers. GST required special knowledge for filing the return and also its

procedure is very complicated so it should be made easy for filing. It is a good option as it

supports ‘Digital India’ campaign and also it acts as a source of revenue for the government.

It will allow India to better negotiate its term in the international trade forums. This will make

the Indian market more stable than before and Indian companies can compete with the

foreign companies.
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CHAPTER 7
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7.1 LIMITATION

During conduction of a research study, a researcher faces a lot of constraints which makes
that study full of difficulties for him. While some of these constraints are partly or fully
eliminated by the researcher, some constraints are still intact & affects the study
extraneously.

Likewise, I too faced these constraints while conducting the study on “A Study on the Impact
of sales level after GST” and due to it my study has following limitations:

• The published data gathered for the study, have not been updated by the relevant
agencies on time. Hence, in some cases, latest data for the study could not be
gathered.
• The data collected is restricted to the age group of 16-30 years and above as majority
of the respondents were belonged to that group. Therefore, the information is biased
to that group only.
• Any subsequent change in the tax provision and rules by the government may make
the corresponding findings, suggestions redundant.
• The study is based on sample respondents and has the limitations of having it scope
restricted to the seller’s decision making. All the information provided is from the
view point of sellers only. Therefore, this study can be viewed more from the
perspective of sellers working in India.
• It is not necessary that every respondent have full knowledge about the topic, as GST
is a complex subject of study, due to this the authenticity of the study got affected by
the answers of such type of respondent.
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7.2 SCOPE FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

• This study opens up new grounds for further research. In this study, only sellers were taken

into consideration as respondents but in future research wholesalers and retailers could be

clubbed together.

• Further, studies can extend to the product categories and classes which may lead to the

Generalisation of the findings of the study.

• A similar study of this sort could be conducted for the consumers. This might reveal the

possible difference in consumer responses for what they feel about GST.

• Majority of the respondents answered that the procedure for filing GST return is quite

complicated. Further studies could be conducted to find the reasons for the complications for

filing returns and what other problems faced by the sellers while filing GST return.

• In this study, an overview of sellers were taken. A separate study could be conducted to

know the impact of GST on goods and services separately.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books Referred:
1. Kothari. C.R, Garg, G. (2014), Research Methodology (Methods and Techniques), New
Age International Publisher.
2. R,Meenakshi,(2003), Research Methodology ,S Chand Publication

Article Referred:

1. P.G., Sreekumar. (2018). (A Study on the impact of GST in FMCG). IOSR Journal of
Business and Management. Volume 20 (Issue 9). Page no 53-58. Retrieved from
www.iosrjournals.org
1. Mishra, DR. Namita. (2018). (Impact of GST on economy). International journal of basic and
applied research. Volume 8 (Issue 11). Page no. 385-387. Retrieved from
www.pragatipublication.com
2. Makkar, Nupur,. (2019). (An analytical study on the impact of GST on Indian Economy).
Journal of research review. Volume 4 (Issue 3). Page no 60-65. Retrieved from
https://rrjournals.com/past-issue/an-analytical-study-on-the-impact-of-gst-on-indian-
economy/
3. Noormahayu. (2015). (Public Awareness towards Goods and Services Tax). International
Academic Research Journal of Social Science. Vol.1 (Issue No. 2). Page no 101 – 106.
Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GST
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APPENDIX
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ANALYTICAL TABLE

QUESTION A B C D E TOTAL
NO.

TABLE 26
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1 43 27 - - - 70
2 35 23 12 - - 70
3 46 9 15 - - 70
4 35 13 22 - - 70
5 3 32 19 15 1 70
6 27 15 28 - - 70
7 1 20 37 8 4 70
8 45 8 17 - - 70
9 19 23 28 - - 70
10 65 5 - - - 70
11 6 41 18 5 0 70
12 23 27 20 - - 70
13 14 40 13 2 1 70
14 4 13 53 - - 70
15 54 16 - - - 70
16 20 40 10 - - 70
17 13 10 21 26 - 70
18 25 12 15 18 - 70
19 1 31 28 7 3 70
20 32 9 29 - - 70
21 OPEN ENDED QUESTION
22 OPEN ENDED QUESTION
23 OPEN ENDED QUESTION
24 OPEN ENDED QUESTION