CHEMISTRY 2

PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIO
PORTFOLIO
LAWRENCE REY D. BORROMEO
STEM C

MILESTONE
QUARTER 4
2023
 COVER LETTER
COVER LETTER
COVER LETTER
COVER LETTER
COVER LETTER

LAWRENCE REY D. BORROMEO

11 - STEM C

DEL ROSARIO, NAGA CITY

09291084185

lawrencerey.borromeo@unc.edu.ph

My experience and development as a learner are shown in

my portfolio. This portfolio contains compilations of my

activities for each activity.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i
COVER LETTER ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
ACTIVITY 1 - CHEMICAL EQUATIONS iv
ACTIVITY 2 - MOLES & MOLARITY v
ACTIVITY 3 - ACIDS & BASES vi
QUIZZES vii
 CHEMISTRY 2

ACTIVITY 1
ACTIVITY 1
ACTIVITY 1
ACTIVITY 1
ACTIVITY 1
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
 REFLECTION PAPER
INSTRUCTION: In not less than 5 sentences, answer the questions
below.

1.What is a Chemical Reaction?

When atoms establish or break chemical bonds, chemical
processes take place. Reactants are the substances that begin a
chemical reaction, while products are the compounds that are
created as a result of the reaction. When a substance undergoes
a chemical transformation, its chemical identity changes. Rust is
one illustration of this. An iron nail rusts, turning brown-red,
when it comes into contact with water and is then exposed to
air. The chemical makeup of the original material is altered
throughout this process.

2. Why do we need to balance equations?

For the chemical equation to adhere to the rule of conservation
of mass, it must be balanced. A chemical equation is said to be
balanced when the number of various elemental atoms on the
reactants and products sides are equal. The law of conservation
of mass must be satisfied for a chemical equation to be valid.
The law states that as the reactants transform into the products,
there is no change in mass. The chemical equation must
therefore be balanced.
 CHEMISTRY 2

ACTIVITY 2
ACTIVITY 2
ACTIVITY 2
ACTIVITY 2
ACTIVITY 2
MOLES & MOLARITY
 REFLECTION PAPER
INSTRUCTION: In not less than 5 sentences, answer the questions
below.

1.Differentiate empirical formula and molecular formula.

An empirical formula merely provides the most basic ratio of atoms, whereas a
molecular formula provides the precise number of each atom in a molecule.
This is the main distinction between empirical and molecular formulas. To
distinguish atoms and compounds in chemistry, symbols are frequently used.
The most basic types of formulas we can create for a molecule are called
empirical formulas. It provides the types of atoms present in the molecule but
not the precise number of each atom. Instead, the simplest integer ratio of
each atom in the molecule is provided. Molecular formulas, on the other hand,
are mathematical representations of the kind and quantity of atoms that make
up a molecule.

2. Differentiate number of moles and molarity.

Mole measures the quantity of chemicals, whereas molarity measures the
concentration of those substances. The amount of chemicals in a combination
can be estimated by looking at its molarity. In a volume of a solvent, molecular
weight is expressed as the number of moles of the chemical. Molarity is not a
unit, although a mole is. Molality differs from molarity in that the mass of the
solvent is divided by the number of moles of the solute in molality. It was
measured in molarity by dividing the volume of the solution by the number of
moles of the solute.

3. Differentiate molarity and concentration.

The concentration of a solution can be expressed using molarity. Therefore, the
primary distinction between concentration and molarity is that the former
refers to a solution's solute content, while the latter refers to its manner of
expressing concentration. Additionally, we may calculate the concentration
using the terms mass, number, molar, and volume concentrations. However,
we can only estimate the molarity using the molar concentration. Additionally,
whereas molarity is measured in mol/L, concentration is measured according to
the method we employ to calculate concentration.
 CHEMISTRY 2

ACTIVITY 3
ACTIVITY 3
ACTIVITY 3
ACTIVITY 3
ACTIVITY 3

ACIDS & BASES

 REFLECTION PAPER
INSTRUCTION: In not less than 5 sentences, answer the questions
below.

1.How do you know if a solution is an acid or a base?

The litmus paper test is one of the quickest ways to tell if a solution is acidic or
basic. In order to do this, a particular strip of paper called litmus paper must be
dipped into the solution and the color of the paper must be noted. In base
solutions, litmus paper will turn blue, while in acids, it will turn red. A pH paper
test will provide extra information - an estimate on the pH of the solution.The
resultant color relies on the pH, therefore a pH paper test provides an indicator
of whether a solution is acidic or basic.A litmus paper test will only show if a
solution is acidic or basic.

2. What is pH?
pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, a measure of the acidity or
alkalinity of a solution.The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most
basic and 14 being the most acidic. A pH value of 7 is neutral on this scale, i.e.,
neither acidic nor basic. More basic substances have a pH value more than 7,
whereas more acidic substances have a pH value less than 7. For the body to
function as it should, it is crucial in medicine that the blood and other body
fluids have the proper pH.

3. What are Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases?

The Brnsted-Lowry theory uses proton transfer to explain the interaction
between an acid and a base. This hypothesis states that an object can only act
as an acid when a base is present. A material can only act as a base when an
acid is present, too. According to the Brnsted-Lowry theory, a base is a
substance that can accept a proton from an acid, and an acid is a compound
that can transmit a proton to any other compound.
 REFLECTION PAPER
INSTRUCTION: In not less than 5 sentences, answer the questions
below.

4. What will happen if you add water to an acid?

When strong acids are combined with water, heat is produced. If water is
added to acid, the acid first forms an extremely concentrated solution, and the
solution may boil violently, sputtering concentrated acid. When acid is added to
water, an extremely diluted solution results, which is too diluted for the little
heat created to evaporate and splatter it.

5. What will happen if you add water to a base?

When a base is mixed with water, it ionizes and releases hydroxide ions (OH-).
This makes the solution more basic. The pH of the solution will decrease for an
acid and increase for a base. Additionally, the acid or base will react with the
water molecules, which may result in the formation of other chemical
compounds.

6. What will happen if you mix an acid and a base?

There is a chemical reaction called neutralization that takes place when an acid
and a base are together. Water and salt are the byproducts of this process. The
pH of the solution will become neutral, or around 7.0, as the effects of the acid
and base balance each other out. The type of acid and base utilized determines
the salt that is generated. For instance, when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and
hydrochloric acid (HCl) are combined, sodium chloride (NaCl) and water are
produced.
 CHEMISTRY 2

QUIZZES
QUIZZES
QUIZZES
QUIZZES
QUIZZES