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Designation: D3689/D3689M − 22
deviations, deletions, or additions to the requirements of this guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
standard. (Exception: the test load applies to the testing Practice D6026. The procedure used to specify how data are
apparatus shall not exceed the rated capacity established by the collected, recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded
engineer who designed the testing apparatus.) as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of
the significant digits that should generally be retained. The
1.3 Apparatus and procedures herein designated “optional”
procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
may produce different test results and may be used only when
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
approved by the foundation engineer. The word “shall” indi-
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
cates a mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
a recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences
commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope
indicate mandatory provisions.
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
1.4 The foundation engineer should interpret the test results methods for engineering data.
obtained from the procedures of this standard to predict the
1.9 The method used to specify how data are collected,
calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to
1
the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.11 on Deep uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
Foundations. standard is beyond its scope.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D3689 – 07(2013)ɛ1. 1.10 This standard offers an organized collection of infor-
DOI: 10.1520/D3689_D3689M-22. mation or a series of options and does not recommend a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
8.1.10 When testing inclined elements, align the test appa- minimum resolutions less than or equal to 1 % of the maximum
ratus and reaction elements parallel to the inclined longitudinal applied load and shall conform to ASME B40.100 with an
axis of the test element(s) and orient the test beam(s) perpen- accuracy grade 1A having a permissible error 61 % of the
dicular to the direction of incline. span. When used for control of the test, pressure transducers
8.1.11 Qualified engineers shall design and approve all shall include a real-time display.
aspects of the loading apparatus, including loaded members, 8.2.6 Place a properly positioned load cell or equivalent
support frames, tension connections (material, diameter, weld device in series with each hydraulic jack. Unless otherwise
FIG. 2 Typical Setup for Load Test Using Hydraulic Jack(s) Supported on Test Beam(s)
FIG. 4 Typical Setup for Load Test Using Hydraulic Jacks Acting Upward on Both Ends of Test Beam(s)
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FIG. 6 Typical Setup for Load Test Using Hydraulic Jack(s) Acting Upward on One End of Test Beam(s)
FIG. 7 Typical Setup for Tensile Load Test Using Hydraulic Jack(s) Acting at Top of an A-frame
9. Apparatus for Measuring Movement and Strain embedded in the ground at a clear distance from the test
9.1 General: element of at least five times the diameter of the test element,
9.1.1 Reference beams and wirelines shall be supported and at least five times the diameter of the reaction element(s),
independent of the loading system, with supports firmly but not less than 2.5 m [8 ft] clear distance from any test or
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the movement available during the test, whether directly on
each indicator or collectively through a data logger, multi-
plexor output or computer. Provide a smooth bearing surface
for the indicator stem perpendicular to the direction of stem
travel, such as a small, lubricated, glass plate glued in place.
Indicators used to measure top of element displacement shall
have minimum graduations of 0.25 mm [0.01 in.] or less, with
similar accuracy. Survey rods shall have minimum graduations
of 1 mm [0.01 ft] or less, with similar accuracy, and shall be
read to the nearest 0.1 mm [0.001 ft].
9.1.4 Dial indicators and electronic displacement indicators
shall be in good working condition and shall have a full range
calibration within one year prior to each test or series of tests.
Furnish calibration reports prior to performing a test, including
the ambient air temperature during calibration.
9.1.5 Clearly identify each displacement indicator, scale,
and reference point used during the test with a reference
number or letter.
9.1.6 Indicators, scales, or reference points attached to the
test element, element cap, reference beam, or other references
shall be firmly affixed to prevent movement relative to the test
element or element cap during the test. Unless otherwise
approved by the foundation engineer, verify that reference
beam and wireline supports do not move during the test by FIG. 8 Schematic of Suggested Instrumentation for Measuring
using a surveyor’s level to take readings on a survey rod or a Axial Displacements of Deep Foundation Element
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10.1.4 Method C: Constant Rate of Uplift Test—Apply a 10.2.3 Method B: Maintained Test—Record test readings
continuously increasing load to maintain an element uplift rate taken before and after the application of each load increment or
of 0.25 to 1.25 mm [0.01 to 0.05 in.] per minute for cohesive decrement. During each load interval, record additional read-
soil or 0.75 to 2.5 mm [0.03 to 0.10 in.] per minute for granular ings taken at 5, 10, and 20 min following application of the
soils, or as specified by the foundation engineer. Continue load increment, and every 20 min thereafter as needed and as
loading the element at the specified constant uplift rate until applicable depending on the length of the increment. If element
achieving preferably the geotechnical failure, or the predeter- failure occurs, record readings taken immediately before re-
mined required test load, but not to exceed the capacity of the moving any load. During each unloading decrement, record
loading apparatus or structural capacity of the element. Control readings taken at time intervals of 2 min following partial
the rate of uplift by checking the incremental uplift every 15 removal of load, for up to 10 min and every 10 min thereafter
seconds and then adjusting the jacking accordingly to maintain as needed and as applicable depending on the length of the
the selected uplift rate. After completing the test, gradually decrement (assuming that hold times exceed those described in
remove the load. 10.1.3). Record final readings 1 h after removing all load.
10.2 Recording Test Readings: NOTE 14—Modern data loggers and data acquisition systems often
make it practical to take readings of some or all instrumentation
10.2.1 General: (depending on gage types) every 30 seconds.
10.2.1.1 For the required time intervals described below for 10.2.4 Method C: Constant Rate of Uplift—Record test
each test method, record the time, applied load, and movement readings taken at least every 30 s or at sufficient intervals to
readings (displacement, and strain if measured) for each determine the actual rate of uplift. Operate any automatic
properly identified gage, scale, or reference point taken as monitoring and recording devices continuously during each
nearly simultaneously as practicable. The foundation engineer test. When the test element has achieved its specified rate of
may specify different reading intervals from those given below uplift, continue to take and record readings for the duration of
as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test element the loading, and determine the maximum load applied. Take
program. Obtain additional test readings as specified by the and record readings during unloading, immediately after
foundation engineer, or as convenient for testing purposes, that unloading, and again 1 h after removing all load.
is, when using a datalogger to record readings at a constant
time interval. Clearly record and explain any field adjustments 11. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)
made to instrumentation or recorded data.
10.2.1.2 Verify the stability of the reference beams and load 11.1 The methodology used to specify how data are re-
reaction system (including reaction elements) using a survey- corded on the test data sheet(s)/form(s), as given below, is
or’s level or transit and target rod or scales to determine covered in 1.8 and in Practice D6026.
movement. Record readings taken before applying any test 11.2 General—Record at a minimum the following test
load, at the proposed design load, at the maximum test load, information as required by the engineer and as appropriate to
and after the removal of all load. Intermediate readings for the test apparatus.
each load increment are recommended to provide additional 11.2.1 Project identification and location.
quality assurance and detect potential failure of the load 11.2.2 Identification, installation date and location of test
reaction system. element.
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11.3.5 Design load of reaction element. too costly at this time to have ten or more agencies participate
11.4 Test Element Details—Record as a minimum the fol- in an in situ testing program at a given site. Each test pile is
lowing project and test element information (as available), as unique due to the variable nature of the ground in which it is
appropriate to the element type. embedded. Furthermore, retesting a particular pile commonly
11.4.1 Nearest test boring or sounding, and its location with results in different data from the initial testing due to plastic
reference to test location. movement of the ground in which the pile is embedded.
11.4.2 For cast-in-place elements, the volume of concrete or 12.1.1 The Subcommittee D18.11 is seeking any data from
grout placed in deep foundation (volume versus depth, if the users of these test methods that might be used to make a
available). limited statement on precision.
11.4.3 Test element material including basic specifications 12.2 Bias—There is no accepted reference value for these
and observed condition (including, as applicable, spalled areas, test methods, therefore, bias cannot be determined.
cracks, head surface of deep foundations, and slope deviation
from vertical axis). 13. Keywords
11.4.4 Tested top and bottom elevations of the test element, 13.1 axial load test ; deep foundation capacity; field testing;
and ground elevation referenced to a datum (nearest 0.03 m jack; load cell; loading procedure; reference beam; static load
[0.1 ft] or less). test
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