Sanskrit Subhāṣita Saṃgraha-S in Old-Javanese and Tibetan (Ludwik Sternbach)

SANSKRIT SUBHĀṢITA SAṀGRAHA-S IN OLD-JAVANESE AND TIBETAN
Author(s): Ludwik Sternbach

Source: Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute , 1962, Vol. 43, No. 1/4
(1962), pp. 115-158
Published by: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41694168
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SANSKRIT SUBHÏSITA SAMGRAHA-S IN
OLD-JAVANESE AND TIBETAN
By
Ludwik Sternbach
1. Indian writers have mastered the art of didactic and

gnomic poetry and acquired complete facility in expressing their
thoughts with conciseness and originality through a variety of
iiterary media the more typical of which were similes and meta-
phors; the thoughts were expressed with precision and were often
rendered in the form of paradoxes. These general thoughts
turned into truth drawn on wisdom and experience were condens-
ed into aphorims, maxims, sayings, adages and proverbs. They
often appeared in India in such literary works as tales, epicé,
dramas, novels, dharmaéãstra-s, but most of all in special collec-
tions ( anthologies ' of. maxims and aphorisms - the Subásita-
samgraha-s, a literary form to which Hindů-s took a particular
liking. The Subh/isita-samgraha-s contain a primer of princi-
ples of morality of high ethical value, many of which are gene-
rally accepted not only in India, but all over the world. They
deal with a variety of ethical and religious topics, with , worldly
wisdom of the Hindů-s, with their savoir-vivre, with intercourse
among men, general reflection on richness and poverty, fate and
human effort, women, as well as with the conduct of life of the
Hindů-s, with their daily work, daily sorrows and daily
pleasures.
A great number of such Subhssita-samgraha-s was composed;

many authors, their names unknown, compiled maxims and
aphorisms they liked most and prepared anthologies of these
aphorims, maxims and verses from knowu and unknown authors»
With the discovery of new MŠs many new Subhãsita-samgra-
ha-s are coming to light, but many are still unknown.

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ÌÌ6 Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
The Subhãsita-samgraha-s had so much popular appeal that,

with the spreading of Indian thought to the East, to the North
and to the South-East of India, they were translated into other
languages. Therefore we find Sanskrit Subhãsita samgraha-s
translated into Pâli,1 T( ibetan ) and O(ld) J( avanese ) and
through them into other languages.2
2. The present study will concentrate on two Subhasita-
samgraha-s in O J, viz. the S-rasamuccaya and the Šlokántara
and one Subhãsita-samgraha in T, viz. the Nitiáãstra of Masùrâ-
ksa, the existence of which was known for a long time but
was edited only recently.
These three Subhãsita-samgraha-s have two things in com-

mon : they were composed originally in Sanskrit in India and
were translated into O J and T ; but they are not now known to
exist in Sanskrit in the form preserved in OJ and T. Both these
phenomena can be easily understood, since it is well-known that
a great number of Subhisita-samgraha-s were composed and
many of them are lost. The Sarasamuccaya, the álokantara and
the Nltis astra of Masûràksa belong to these lost Sanskrit Subhfi-
sita-samgraha-s.
A. THE TWO OLD-JAVANESE
SUBHÎSITA-SAMGRHA-S
3. In 1934, Himansu Bhusan Sarkar wrote3 that the "mighty

cultural contact" between India on the one hand and Java and
Bali on the other, led to the foundation of mtó-literature in
Java and Bali which was " evolved to suit the requirements of the
peculiarly-constituted Indo-Javanese society". A large number
* Cf. L. Sternbach, The Pâli Lokaniti and the Burmese Niti kyan and
their Sources, BSOAS 26.329-45.
2 Through Pâli into Khmer, Thai, Cambodian, Lão etc; through Tibietan
into Mongolian, Manchurian, Kalmuk, etc; through Old Javanese into Baiinese
etc. Cf. L. Sternbach, The Spreading of Cänakya's Aphorisms over ' Greater
India f. Greater India Studies, Calcutta.
8 Indian Influences on the Literature of Java and Bali. Greater Indian
Studies No. 1« Calcutta 1934 ( p.81 ).

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Sanskrit Subhäsita-Saihgraha-s 117
of works belonging to the witfi-literature "has thought to expound

the ideals of morality, the duties of men and women in different
walks of life and has discoursed upon certain principles of reli-
gion and ethics".
To this niti literature of Java and Bali belong in the first
place the Sãrasamuccaya ( SS(OJ; )and the Šlokantara ( Šit OJ)).
1. THE SÃRASAMUCCAYA ( TÜTUR )

9. First, E. Friedrich the German Sanskrit scholar who in
the first half of the nineteenth century went to Java and Bali in
order to study the spreading of Sanskrit to this part of the world,
noticed that high esteem was accorded to SS(OJ ; the copies of
the SS(OJ) were still reserved for Brahmanical use only and,
therefore, R. Friedrich had no access to them and conld not
describe the contents of SS; O J >. He was not even able to read the
title of the book which he explained as being Sarasa and Moest -
jaja.1 He registered also the existence of another Sãrasamuccaya
which he described as a law-book.2
Later, H. H. Juynboll devoted an article entitled Eene Oud-

Javaansche Vertaling van Indische Spreuken* to the SS OJ).
C. Hooykaas in his Kãmandakíya Nitisãra etc. in Old-Java-
nese 4 summarized this article ina very clear manner when he
wrote that in the SS(0 J) words, generally corrupt in other O J
works, have been well-preserved and that the èloka-s can usally
be reconstructed.
As C. Hooykaas already pointed out, H. H. Juynboll "in those

days" (1901 ) could not know that this text in Bali has also been
1 Voorlooping Verslag van het eiland Bali in Verhandlingen van het

Bataviaasch Genootschap von Künsten en Wetenschappen, XXII, 1849, p. 22.
This is wrong; it should be sãra samuccaya .
* taem p.23. in order to distinguían between tne two dinerent barasamu-
ccaya-s - the Sãrasamuccaya, the Subhâçita-samgraha and the Sãrasamuccaya,
the law-book, the first is often called Särasamucaya-Tutur.
8 Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Landen-Volkenkunde van Neder landsch-Indiě
VI/8 =52,1 ( 01, p. 393. )
4 Journal of the Greater India Society XV.l, p. 49.

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118 Annals of thé Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
recast in the Balinese language in metrical form, nor could he

suspect that even a new prose-version in Balinese, at least of
the first part, exists.
H.H. Juynboll gave in his study only a few maxims in their
correct form and scrutinized the value of the OJ "paraphrase".
5. The SS( OJ ) which is considered in Java and Bali as one
of the most venerated books of Sanskrit origin, was edited in toto
( 517 stanzas ) only recently ( 1962 ). The text was published in
the Šata-pitaka Series published by the International Academy,
of Indian Culture, as volume 24.
Each stanza is edited in five subsections. The first subsection
appears in Balinese script and represents the full text of the MSs,
except that the iloka-s are serially numbered. The second sub-
section is in devanãgarl ; side by side with Sanskrit the Kawi
or the O J portion is reproduced ; within brockets the Sanskrit
chãyã ( translation ) appears. The third subsection is formed by
a free English translation of the Sanskrit iloka-s } The fourth
and fifth subsections are occupied by the notes arranged in three
columns ; the fourth contains references to the Mahãbhsrata
( MBh ), Böhtlingk's Indische Sprüche ( IS or the Mãnava-dhar-
maá§stra Mn ) with or without variants ;2 the fifth subsection,
which follows the references, is formed by serially numbered
variants from MSs, with occasional grammatical analyses of OJ
formation.
Professor C. Hooykaas, who concentraced on the OJ exegesis,

collated a number of MSs, constituted the OJ text and collected
references to the Sanskrit stanzas from the IS. He also prepared
a word-to-word English rendering of the O J, adding here and
there word analyses. Together with Professor Raghu Vira he
went over the entire work : Prof. Raghu Víra dictated an English
translation of the Sanskrit iloka-s and Prof. C. Hooykaas
explained the OJ.3
1 No translation is given for stanzas 332, 442-6, 479, 486 and only a gist of
the contents is given for stanzas 159 and 186.
2 It can be seen from the annex to this study and the references can be
greatly expanded.
8 From the Introductipn to SS(OJ), pp. 11-2,

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Sanskrit Subhãsita-Samgraha-s 119
C. Hooykaas felt that H. H. Juynboll has not overestimated

the importance of the text of the SS( O J ) and characterised it as
" the best source for the OJ mtfi-literature hitherto known, "
the more so as, the prose portion, although very corrupt, was
very well translated into OJ from the Sanskrit text ; that proves,
as H. B. Sarkar already pointed out, that the author of SS( O J
had a good knowledge of Sanskrit and the capacity of under-
standing and translating it well.1
6. Vararuci, the author of the SS( O J ), said in the Intro-
duction that " he collected all the essentials of the Mahãbhsrata,
the composition of His reverence Vyãsa " to whom he paid
homage. In the explanation to the sixth stanza, Vararuci, referr-
ing to himself, wrote : " henceforth he will say what is best in
this Bhãrata epic. It is designated Särasamuccaya. Sãra signi
fies essence ; samuccaya is its accumulation. " Therefore Raghu
Víra wrote in the Preface : " The Särasamuccaya is the Gîta of
the Balinese Hindü-s. As designed by its author Vararuci, it
contains the essence of the high teaching and noble ideals set
forth in the Mahãbh rata. However, this analysis of the nature
of the SS; O J ) is only partially true. The SS O J ) is mainly
composed of maxims from the MBh but also contains a number
of other maxims. As can be seen from the SS( OJ ) edition and
the annex attached to this study, out of the 517 stanzas of the
SS( O J ) 2 three hundred twenty six stanzas were borrowed from,
or were influenced by, the MBh, sixty stanzas occur in various
collections of maxims generally attributed to C(&nakya ), thirty-
three maxims occur in the P añcatantra ) ; thirty maxims appear
in the Garuda-puršna ( GP ) ; twenty maxims occur in the
H(itopadeáa ) ; and twenty-three maxims appear in Mn. Also a
number of maxims occur in various Smrti-s ( Visiiu-, N*rada-
Gobhila-, Atri-, V rddha-áatatapa-, Vàsistha-, Yajnavalkya-
Purâna-s (Skanda-, Mfirkandeya-, Matsya-, Padma-, Vôyu-,
Visnu-, Bhãgavata-, Bhavisya-, Visnudharamottara) and in other
works, not to mention well-known Subhssita-samgraha-s, such
as the Subhäsita-ratna-bhsndsgara ( 67 ), Subhãsitfivalih ( 42 ),
1 C. Hooykaas op. cit., p. 40; H.B. Sarkar op. cit. pp. 82-3.
* Some ot these stanzas appear simultaneously in more than one source,.

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120 Annals of the Bhandarhar Oriental Research Institibte
the Šárangadharapaddhatih ( 24 ), the Sùktiratnahfirah ( 9 ) and

many others. Although the inclusion of a SS( OJ ) stanza in
Subhasita-samgraha-s, which are not primary sources, is of not
great importance for the study of the origin of stanzas included
in the SS( OJ ' it shows that the appropriate stanza was well-
known and popular in India ; it infiltrated the minds of the
Hindù-s and was pleasing to their ear.
Out of five hundred-seventeen maxims included in the SS(0 J )
it was now possible ( see annex ) to find four hundred maxims of
the SS( OJ ) in other sources of the Sanskrit literature and to
trace the origin of most of them.
From this outline the conclusion can be reached that the SS
( O J ) does not contain exclusively " the essence of the high tea-
chings and noble ideals set forth in the Mahabhãrata " but
contains the essence of the high teachings and noble ideals
collected from various Sanskrit sources. The SS, O J) is, therefore,
a Subhäsita-samgraha based mainly on the MBh but also on
other sources.
7. The original author of the SS( OJ ) built his Subhäsita-

samgraha around the moral teaching of the MBh, which he knew
well indeed, and added several other maxims from known sources
or from the treasury of wise sayings transmitted by oral tradi-
tiona.1 These maxims ap»pear in SS( OJ ) in the form generally
preserved in Sanskrit sources. The original author of SS( O J )
must have known not only MBh very well, but also the whole
Sanskrit literature. The following examples may prove this
point : stanzas 219 and 220 of SS( OJ ) deal with the same sub-
ject-matter, viz. not giving what was promised to be given ; the
first stanza is from the Anuáãsanaparvan ( 13. 9, 3 ) while the
second from the Udyogaparvan ( 5. 105, 8 ) ; stanzas 296 and 297
of SS ( O J ) deal with the same aspects of hunger ; the first stanza
is from the Udyogaparvan ( 5. 34, 48 ), while the second from the
1 E. g. maxims 144, 274, 275 and others are well known maxims or
contain often repeated subject but their authorship is unknown. They were
included in the appropriate places by the author of SS (OJ) from the floating
treasury of wise sayings transmitted by oral tradition,

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ïraiiyakaparvan ( 3. 246, 24 ) ; stanzas 216 and 217 of SS( OJ )

deal with gifts given without faith and devotion ; the first stanza
is from the Šántiparvan ( 12. 282, 19 ), while the second from the
Bhïsmaparvan ( 6. 39, 28 ). Stanzas 141 and 142 of SS( OJ ) deal
with destruction of life ; the first stanza is from H( HJ 1. 44 ),
while the second from the Šántiparvan ( 12. 251, 21 ) ; stanzas 159
and 160 of SS( O J ) deal wilh women of other men ; the first is
from the Anuáãsanaparvan ( 13. 104, 20-1 ), while the second
from Mn ( 9. 41 ). Many such examples could be given.
8. The analysis of the texts shows that some stanzas af SS

( OJ ) which occur at the same time in the MBh and in " other
sources " were not always borrowed from the MBh but from the
ťt other sources That can be seen for instance from the analy-
sis of maxim 61 of SS( O J ). In SS( O J ; the maxim reads :
brãhmanah ksatriyo vaiiyas tray o varnã dvijãtayah ,
caturthah ekajãtiyah sñclro nâstï'ha pañcamah ;
in MBh ( 12. 285, 25 ) it reads :
brãhmanãh ksatriyã vaiiyas tray o varnã dvijãtayah ,
atra tesãm adhlkãro dharmesu dvipadãm vara ;
and in Mn ( 10. 4 ) it reads :
brãhmanah ksatriyo vaiiyas trayo varnã dvijãtayah ,
caturtha ekajãtis tu sudro nãsti tib pañcamah .
No doubt, the SS( OJ ) stanza was borrowed from Mn and not
from MBh.
A similar example can be found with maxim 487 of SS OJ);

this maxim was borrowed from the textus ornatior of the
Vrddha Câiiakya version ( CVr 13.5 ) and not from MBh ( 3,2,27 ).
In SS( OJ ) this stanza reads :
tatra sneho bhayam tatra sneho duhkhasya bhãjanamy
sneha-mulãni duhkham tasmims tvakte mahat sukham
in CVr it reads :
ya8ya sneho bhayam tasya sneho duhkasya bhãjanam ,

sneha-mulãni duhkhãni tãni tyaktvã vaset sukham;
and in MBh ( 3.2,27 ) it reads quite differently,
16 [ Annals, B. O. R. L J

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122 Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
It is also possible that other stanzas which appear in MBh.

and, for instance in P or H, were borrowed from the latter sources
and not from MBh.1
9. The original author of SS( OJ ) prepared an excellent
Subhisita-samgraha which he divided, as not many authors of
Subhssita-samgraha-s did, according to subject-matter;3 although
he did not divide his Subh'isita-samgraha into adhyãya-s. The
SS( OJ ) deals with the following subjects which could be includ-
ed in adhyãya-8 called :
Introduction ( 1-7 );
Good conduct ( dharma ) ( 8-82 );
Mind ( manas ) ( 83 96 );
Forbearnace ( ksamã ); Anger ( krodha ) ( 98-115 );
Unbeliever ( nãstika ) ( 116-122
Speech ( vãkya ) ( 123-132 );
Truth ( 8atyam ); Way of life, moral conduct ( iilam ) ,133-174);
Gifts ( dãna ); Wealth ' dhana ) ( 175-229 );
Varia ( 230-241 ;
Teacher ! guru ); Learned man ( vaidya ) ( 242-244
Parents ( pitr, mãtr) ( 245 260
Wealth dhana ) ( 267-297 );
Virtues; Good men; Proper conduct ( 306-325 );
Association with bed men ( 331-338 );
Varia ( 339-374 ;;
Old Age; Destiny ( 375 -394 );
Rebirth ( 397-400 );
Ignorance and Knowledge ( 405-410 );
Varia ( 411 430 >;
Women ( stri ) ( 431 450 ;
Greed ( trsnã ); Money ( 453 477 );
Family ( kutumba ) ( 484 489 ;
Separation; Death; Grief ( 490-500 );
Bise and Fall ( 502-506 i¡
Mental pain; Knowledge ( 507-517 ).
1 In maxim 128 in r the SS(OJ) texts have väeo or vaco while all MBh
texts have vãed. The Panoatantra text ( Kosegarten's ed. ) has however vaco.
S Some flaws in defining the adhyãya-s occur after 220, 338 and 410,

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Sanskrit Subhäsita-Samgrahas 123
IL The SS( OJ ) contains some aphorisms which originated

in the MBh or other Sanskrit sources, the moral of which rin
very familiar to the ear of a contemporary reader.
For example, in stanza 347 we read : "the faults of others
though they, are small as a mustard seed, one will notice ... b
one's own faults though they are as large as the bilva -fruit o
will not notice, though one sees them" ^ MBh( Bh ) 1.69,1 )
in stanza 47 we read : " do not do to others what is disagree
ble to your own self. This is dharma in brief ... " ( MBh( Bh
5.39, 57 ) ;2
in stanza 27- we read: "whatever one has sown that one
reaps ... " ( MBh, Bh ) 12.287, 44 ) :3
in stanza 323 we read : "do not react to evil with evil ... "
(MBh(Bh) 3.198, 43 );4 or
in stanza 50 we read : "listen to the quintessence oí dharma...
What you do not approve for yourself, that you must not do
to others " ( Caiiakya's aphorisms [ CRr 1.7, CNI I 23, CNG 6,
CNŠ.17, CNÖ1 69 ], P [ Pts 3.103, PtsK 3.104 ] and others ).8
12. The original author of SS(OJ) or, more likely, the Java-
nese author of SS OJ I, either purposely or by mistake did not
always include in the SS(OJ) original stanzas but stanzas com-
bined from two different verses, e.g. in maxim 215 of SS( OJ ) he
took «ß from MBh 12.282, 17 and yS from 12.282, 18, omitting yS
from 12,282,17 and *ß from 12.282,18; in maxim 19 of SS. OJ) he
took y S from MBhl2.263, 54 and y S from MBh 12.263,55 omitting
«3 from 12.263,55; in maxim 285 of SS(OJ)) he took «ß from
MBh 3.80, 37 and yS from 3.80, 38 omitting yS from 3.80,37 and
<*ß from 3.80,38. In none of these cases the text lost its meaning.
Probably, however sometimes the Javanese author of the SS OJ ,
took two pãda-8 from MBh and the rest from some unknown
sources; in these cases his choice was not very happy : e.g. in
maxim 42 of SS(OJ) y S is from MBh 12.130,19 while <xß is from
an unknown source ; the two parts of the maxim do not fit well
together.
1 Cf. St. Matthew, ch. 7, v. 3.

* Cf. St. Matthew, ch. 7, v. 12 and St. Luke, ch. 6, v. 31.
8 Cf. Galatioas, ch. 6, v. 7. 4 Cf, Book of Psalms 141.4.
0 Cf, Romans ch.l2r

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13. Twenty verses from the Ãdiparvan, sixty verses from the
Udyogaparvan and three verses from the Bhïsmaparvan appear
in SS(OJ). These eighty-three verses were compared with the
Javanese text of the Mahabhsrata as given in MBh(Bh)in Appen-
dix II to the Sdiparvan, Appendix II to the Udyogaparvan
( H. H. Juynboll, De Verhounding van het Out-javaansche
Udyogaparwa tot zijn Sans'<rit-origineel ) and Appendix II to
the Bhïsmaparvan ( J. Gonda in Bibliotheca Javanica , 7 ). From
these verses only ten verses (none from the Sdiparvan, nine from
the Udyogaparvan and one from the Bhïsmaparvan ) occur both
in the SS(OJ;and in the Javanese text of the Mahábharata.
Almost in all these cases the text as included in SS( OJ ) is
nearer to the original text of the MBh, than to the Javanese text
of the MBh which seems to prove that the SS( OJ ) was prepared
in India in Sanskrit and then translated or paraphrased into
Javanese independently of the existing Javanese text of the
Mahãbhãrata.1
1 SS(OJ) 18 = MBh(Bh) 5.122,18 = Javanese text, Juynboll p. 266. The

difference between the Javanese text and the orjginal text is small, but the
SS(OJ) text is nearer to the original Sanskrit text of .MBh than to the Java-
nese text of MBh.
SS(OJ) 49 MBh(Bh) 5.33,30 = Javanese text, Juynboll p. 231, The

SS(OJ) resembles only partly the MBh text. The MBh(Bh) text is identioal
with the Javanese text.
SS(OJ) 97 = MBh(Bh) 5.34,40 s* Javanese text, Juynboll p. 231. The
SS(OJ) text is almost identical with both, the original MBh text and the
Javanese text of MBh.
SS(OJ) 105 ¡¿ß = MBh(Bh) 5,70,60 Ä ß » Javanese text, Juynboll p. 247.

The SS(OJ) text is nearer to the original Sanskrit text of MBh than to the
SS(OJ) 183 = MBh(Bh) 5.39,51 = Javanese tiext, Juynboll p. 237. The
SS(OJ) text is neither identical with the original Sanskrit text of MBh nor
with the Javanese text. In T, the text should have been reconstructed dãrã
instead of nãri as in other MSs ( BDG ) and identically with MBh.
SS(OJ) 230 = MBh(Bh) 5.36,32 ss Javanese text, Juynboll p. 233. The
differences between MBh(Bh) and the Javanese text is very small; they occur
only in ¿ ; the SS(OJ) text is almost identical with the Javanese text.
SS(OJ) 236 ss MBh(Bh) 5.38,25 = Javanese text, Juynboll p. 237. The
SS(OJ) text is nearer to the Javanese text of MBh than to the Sanskrit text
of MBh(Bh).
( Continued on the next page )

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14. The importance of the SS( OJ ) lays also in the possibility

of finding in it some " lost " verses of the Mãnava-dharmaáãstra
and the Mahãbhãrata.
For instance maxim 136 of SS( O J ) contains a stanza which

in some nibandha-s is attributed to Mn, although none of the
critical texts of Mn contains this stanza. Only V. N. Mandlik's
edition of Mn gives this stanza in square brackets after 8. 82
( p. 924 ) as appearing in ñ, t , d ; it also occurs in the following
nibandha-s where it is attributed to Mn : Smrticandriks, Vyava-
hãrakãnda ( Gharpure's ed. 85. 30 ), Parãáara-dharma-samhitã,
Yyavahñra- prakãáa 108. 5 ( *ß only ), Vyavah^ra-prakaáa MS
in Dh(armakoáa) 1. 261 ) and Vyavahãrarthasamuccaya 33
( MS in Dh 1. 261 ). It also appears in Šit (OJ ) 1.
Maxim 189 of SS( OJ ) contains a MBh*maxim which is not
lound in the MBh ( Bh ) edition ; it occurs however in MBh ( R )
3. 199, 125. Quotations in SSÔJ) of the vulgata of MBh appear
very often.
2. THE IŠLOKÍNTARA
15. The existence of the ált (OJ ) was known for a very long
time. H. H. Juynboll in his Supplement op den catalogus van
de Javaan8che en Madoereesche Handschriften der Leidsche
Univer8iteit8 Bibliothek , II ( Leiden 1911 ) already mentioned it
in 1911.
16. The Šit; OJ ) is another Subhãsita-samgraha in OJ. It

appeared only recently in the Šata-pitaka. It was critically
edited and annotated by Sharada Rani who also helped in the
( Continued from the previous page )

SS(OJ) 256 =& MBh(Bh) 5.39,60 = Javanese text, Juynboll p. 238. Diffe-
rences between the MBh(Bh) and the Javanese text occur in T. The SS(OJ)
text is nearer to the Sanskrit text of MBh(Bh) than to the Javanese text
of MBh.
SS(OJ) 312 = MBh(Bh) 5.33,26 Kß = Javanese text, Juynboll p. 228.

The SS(0 J) text is neither identical with the Sanskrit text of MBh{Bh) nor
with the Javanese text of MBh.
SS(OJ) 403 s MBh(Bh) 6.28,5 ss Javanese text, Gonda 51.31*2, T4*e
SS(OJ) text is nearer to the original Sanskrit text of MBh(Bh) than to the

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HQ Annals of the Bhanďarkar Oriental Research Institute
preparation of íhe ŠS* OJ ). ált( OJ ) was published in the Dvl-

paiitara-pitaka, vol. 2 by the International Academy of Indian
Culture in Delhi. It is divided into three parts : the first con-
tains the text in transcription ; the second the English transla-
tion ; and the third the text with very extensive notes. It also
contains a preface with a very useful index oí " new and notable
words
17- In the preface, Šltv OJ ) is characterised as " an impor-

tant OJ text consisting of eighty-three iloka-s followed by their
OJ prose explanation which usually close to the original stanza
are at times quite prolix
It seems that the author of the iŠltÔJ), whose name is un-
known, very often paraphrased the original maxim and gave a
new wording to the known text. Therefore, it is more difficult to
find in the 6lt(OJ) than in the SS.OJ), the source for each
stanza. For this reason the excellent annotations given by
Sharada Rani are very helpful ; not much can be added to the
work already done by her.
18. The Šit OJ ) does not correspond " to the nïti text of
Sanskrit literature " as Sharada Bani suggested it is a some-
what unusul text of a Subhàsita-samgraha because of preponde-
rance of purely dharmasästra stanzas ; such stanzas are some-
times included in Sanskrit Subhãsita-samgraha^s, but never
occupy as much as one-fourth of the whole Subhgsita-samgraha,
as in the case of Šlt( O J ). Otherwise, however, it can be consi-
dered as a Subhisita- s a mgr ah a. If we do not count some twenty
stanzas which are dharmasästra stanzas, this Subh'fisita-sam-
graha would óontain only some sixty-five stanzas. Almost half of
them ( twenty-seven ) are of Cãnakya " origin " or were influenced
by so-called Cänakya's maxims.
19-. The importance af the Šlt(0 J ^ is, similarly as the impor-
tance çf SS( OJ ), enhanced by the existence of " lost " texts.?
ált( OJ ) contains the same " lost " Mn stanza which we find in
SS( O J) 136. But in addition to it, stanza 30 of ált( O J ) contains
* Introduction p. 5. 8 Cf. par. 14 above.

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Sanskrit Subhãçita-Saihgraha-s 127
a stanza which in some nibandha-a is attributed to Mn, although

none of the critical texts of Mn contains this stanza. Only V. N.
Jiandlik's edition gives this stanza in square braskets after 8. 102
( p. 934 ) as appearing in d, f. It also occurs in the following
nibandhas where they are attributed to Mn : Smrticandriks,
Vyavahsrakinda ( Ghsrpure's ed. ) 88. 28, V yavah * racint î mani
( L. Rocher's ed. ) 387, Sarasvatïvilàsa, Vyavahsrakinda 157. 4-5,
Vyavah&rakalpataru 55 ( MS in Dh 1. 269 ), V yavah ^ rasaukhya
52 ( MS in Dh 1. 269 ), Vyavahgrarthasamuccaya 36 ( MS in Dh
1. 269 ), Vyavahãraprakaáa 58 ( MS in Dh 1. 269 ).
20. The SS(OJ) and the Šit drew from various sources ; SS
(OJ) mostly from the MBh, while iŠlt(OJ) mostly from C and
Dharmaáãstra-s. Only five maxims occur in both, the SSvOJ)
and the áltvOJ); they are :
13SvOJ) 38=Šlt(OJ) 10. Both have different readings ;

SS(OJ) 136=Šlt(OJ) 1. The differences between the two
maxims are small but, as usual, the SS
(OJ) maxim is nearer to the original
than the áltÔJ) maxim.
ŠS(0 J) 361 =Šlt(OJ) 35. Both maxims are indentical and were
borrowed from MBh verbatim.
SS(OJ) 390=ált(0j) 9. As usual, the SSvO J) maxim is nearer

to the original than the Šit, O J ) maxim.
SS(OJ) 505=ált(0j) 76. Only «ß of ¡Šlt'vOJ) is identical with
SS(OJ) while j S are different. SS(0 J)
505 is in its entirety identical with
MBh(Bh) 3.247, 45.
B. THE TIBETAN SUBHÏSITA-SAMGRAHA

3. THE N1TISÃSTRA OF MASÜRÄKSA
21 Another Sanskrit Subhasita-samgraha, this one in
Tibetan, appeared also recently ; the existence of it was known for
many years. It is one of the eight ethical Sanskrit works
included in the Tibetan Tanjur. In Europe, the first reference to
the Ma suraxihi lugs-kyi bstan bcos was made by A. Qspjn» 4e

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Körös in Analysis of Kanjur in Asiatick Researches , vol. 20 of

1836. Since then it was known only that this work, the Nlti-
áâstra of Masaraksa ( A. Schiefner in Bull, de l'Ac.de St. Péters-
bourg 1847, 302, No. 3660 ) or the Masuraksas byas-pahi lugs-
kyi = Masůráksarta niti in the Mdo-Hgrel 185b, in 7 lehu
( Cordier p. 483 ), or the Lugs-kyi bstan-bcos or the Nítiáãtra of
Masuraksa in the Bstan-hgur, No. 137b6-143a7 ( Ui, Suzuki,
Kamakura, Tada, No. 4335 ) is a nlti-èãstra containing moral
maxims and that if existed in the Tibetan Tanjur ( in Mdo-Hrgel
Bstan-hgur ). However what it contained was completely
unknown since the work was never edited before and the
name of its author Masuraksa ro Masùràksa was not
known ; to the best of my knowledge, it is not men
in any of the histories of ancient Indian literature.
We find the name of Masùràksa in the Vallabhadeva's Subhã-
sitavali (VS) as the author of verse 2935 but even this verse can-
not be considered as being a verse composed by Masùràksa ; it is
a P ( or Prabandhacintamani's ) verse.1 None of anthologies of
verses nor Saubhãsita-samgraha-s mention Masùràksa as author,
and A. Schiefner's suggestion that the Nltisastra of Masuraksa
could be identified with Misrakaniti ( ch. 77 of the Šarňgadhara-
paddatih ) 2 can now, with the discovery of the text of NM T), be
discarded. However we come across the name of Masùràksa ( in
the RAS MS and the Nepalese MS; Mathasurä ) in the Lankãva-
tara-sùtra3 as a highly virtuous rsi who along with Yalmlka (sic!)
Kautilya and Asval^yana will appear in the future. Tãrãnãtha
in his History of Buddhism in India 4 mentions the king Masu-
raksita of Pala dynasty ( ch. 31. 171; p. 225 and ch. 38, 195;
p. 201 ), in the latter case along with Cäiiakya also of the Pála
dynasty). Also Monier Williams in his Sanskrit Dictionary
quotes Masuraksita as " a name of king Sarat Ch. Das in the
notes of his edition of the Dpag bsarn Ijon bzaň connects Masù-
ràksa with the interim ruler of the Pala period. S. Pathak, in
1 See annex ( NM(T) 3.16. )
2 op. cit . Bull, de l'Ac. de Sfc. Pétersbourg of 1847, col. 302: No. 3060.
3 Bibl. Ofcaniensis, Vol. I. Otani University Press 1923; sagãthaham éX. 816.
* Tãranãtha, Geschichte des Buddhismus in Indien aus dem Tibetischen
ubèrsetzt von A. Schief n er, St. Petersburg, 1809,

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this connection, states that "if the author of Tas na Jca'i lugs hyi
bstan boos is identical with Tsa na ka ( Câiiakya ) of the Pála
dynasty, Masûràksa, the author of the text, may be identified with
Masüraksita V This conclusion seems to be too far fetched
22. The text of NM(T) was edited for the first time very
recently only. It was edited in Tibetan with a parallel recons-
truction in Sanskrit by Sunitikumar Pathak in the Visva Bh arati
Annals, vol. X, Šántiniketan, 1961. In addition to the Tibetan text
and the Sanskrit parallels, that is Sanskrit retranslation from
Tibetan into Sanskrit, the Pathak's edition contains a preface,
an English translation and Notes. Pathak admits in his preface
that the Sanskrit text "does not always represent the original
form from which the Tibetan translation was made". Thus the
text retranslated by S. Pathak from the Tibetan into Sanskrit
has often an "unknown wording". Consequently, the origin of
the maxims included in the NM(T; can be traced only seldom.
Some preliminary work on the subject was done already by
S. Pathak but many more primary sources could be quoted
( see Annex '
23. NM'Tj was probably composed much earlier than the
OJ Subhãsita samgraha -s. According to S. Pathak, the editor
and reconstructor of NM(T' it was composed sometime before
the eleventh century A.D.3 That was the time of the spreading
of thoughts and works of the Hindů- s into Tibet.
24. NM(T) is divided into seven adhyãya-s. Although the
division of a Subhasita-samgraha into adhyãya-s usually pre-
sumes that each adhyãya deals with a specific subject matter,
that is not the case with NM(T>. NM(T) is not, as SS OJ) is, a
Subhãsita-samgraha divided according to subject-matters.2 It
deals with different subjects in almost each of its adhyãya- s
the first six adhyãya-s deal with the moral and ethical precepts
of general nature ; they contain different maxims not connected
with each other as far as the subject-matter is concerned, with
thé exception of maxims 8 to 15 of the second adhyãya. These
i NM(T) p. iL 2 NM(T) p. iii 8 See above para &

17 [ Annals, B. O. R. I. ]

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maxims deal with good qualities which should be learned by

men from different animals. This passage was borrowed in its
entirety from O ( see annex ). Only the seventh adhyãya to
which, probably, the first strnza of the fifth adhyõya originally
belonged, is a coherent and logically bound together adhyãya}
It is a collection of maxims dealing with the king's officials and
contains a treatise on adhyaksa-s or kings's ministers ; it was
probably based on arthaš astra s in general and on the fifth
adhyõya of the Cäiiakya rnjanïti-s^stra version, in particular ; a
great number of maxims of the seventh adhyõya of NM(T, can
be also found in this version of C.
25. It seems that the various collections of Cänakya's ma-

xims were the main source for NM(T' The whole NM(T) contains
one hundred and twenty eight stanzas. Despite the "parallelism"
it was possible to trace the origin of fifty five stanzas; out of
these fifty five stanzas, forty eight are found in C; their wording
is identical or almost identical with C. In some cases several
stanzas in a group were so borrowed from a version of C e.g. in
adhyãya II 8 to 15; in adhyõya VI 16 to 18 and in adhyãya
VII 8 16 with a break 11-12 ).
In addition to these fifty five stanzas, forty more stanzas
contain thoughts, though not words, identical with Ö. They are :
1. 10, 12; 2.3, 4, 7; 3.2, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15; 4.1, 5, 9, 12, 16, 19, 21; 5.1,
2, 3, 4, 12, 13, 14; 6.1, 2, 6, 10, 11, 19, 22, 23; 7. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 17 and
18. This shows that Masüräksa included in his Subhãsita sam-
graha ( Nitiáãstra ) mostly stanzas from C. or stanzas influenced
by C. In addition, the origin of some stanzas included in NM(T)
could be traced to GP, P, H, MBh, R'mayana, Bhartrhari's
JSatakas, Šukasaptati etc.
Masůraksa sometimes borrowed Cánakya's stanzas ina pecu-
liar way. He not only changed the wording of the maxim ( these
changes may be due to the " parallelism " in the "reconstruc-
tion" of the Tibetan text into Sanskrit) but also divided
1' With the exception of the last maxim which is out of place ; it was pro-
bably written by Masúrãkça himself and reflects, as S. Pathak rightly remark-
ed, "a mood of non attachment showing emptiness of worldly possession".
It is drafted in znefcaphoric language.

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Sanskrit Subh&çita-Samgraha-s 181
Câiiakya's stanzas by taking one half to one of his maxims to

which he attached a new half, while from the second half fqrmed
another maxim with anew text for the other half. He did so,
for instance with CRr 5.39. <x/8 of CRr 5.39 equals «ß of NMVT) 4.2
( with a new yS ), while yS of CRr 5.9 equals y S of NM^T) 4.4
( with a new «ß ).
26. Although NM(T) was composed independently from
SS(OJ) and jŠlt'vOJ) and is a completely separate Subh&sita-sam-
graha, the various maxims which were included in these three
Subhãsita samgraha -s were not. The Sanskrit maxims were
selected independently by the authors of SS(0 J), Sit. O J) and
NM(T; from the treasury of wise sayings existing in Sanskrit
in India and included in their Subhãsita samgraha s.
In paragraph 20 above, five stanzas which are found in both
SSvOJ) and ŠltvOJ) were analysed. NM'T) contains two stanzas
which also occur ( with variants ) in Šit OJ >. They are NM(T)
4.20 which also occurs in Šit (OJ>8o and NM^T;5.5 which also
occurs in Šlt;OJ) 34; a third stanza NM(T; 5.9 resembles in some
way ŠltvOJ)23; the first and third stanzas appear also in the O J
Nïtiéâstra.1 In one case only NM(T) has a stanza similar to that
"found in SS(OJ) viz. 4.11 ( it resembles SSvOJ)392 ); that is not
-unusual, since SS(OJ) contains mostly MBh stanzas while NM'T)
rarely contains any maxim from this epic.2
27. NM(T) contains a large number of stanzas in works

which are based on, or are influenced by, Sanskrit sources in
Tibetan, Mongolian, PUi, Burmese and Old Javanese e.g. NM,T)
includes twenty three stanzas also found in the Tibetan Canakya-
rftja-niti é^stra (CRT), viz. 2.2; 3.5; 3.6; 3.7; 3.12; 3.14; 4.2 4; 5.9;
5.10; 6.6; 6.9; 6.12; 6.13; 6.15; 6.17; 6.18; 7.1; 7.8- 7.9; 7.13; 7.Í4
1 Nitiáàstra. Oud-Javaansche teksb met vertaling uitgegeven door 1$. NG.
Dr. Poerbatjaraka. Bibliotheca Javanica 4. Bandoeng 1933.
2 NM(T) 2.6 appears in Canakya's texts, GP, P, H, Vebalapañcavimáatika
and MBh. ( see annex ); however it was not borrowed from MBh. This is
particularly evident from o< where the text is nearer tp the CãnakyaV text
than to MBh 's text..

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
132 Annals of the Bhanäarkar Oriental Research Instituée
7.16 and 7.25 i1 one stanza also found in the Tibetan She-rab
Dong, bu (3.19); two stanzas also found in the Subhssita-ratna-
nidhi ( Sa -sky a legs bead ) which was known in Tibet and
Mongolia ( 3.1; 4.11 ); sixteen stanzas also known in the Pâli
Rôjanïti ( 2. 8-15; 3.1; 6.16; 7.1; 7.7; 7.9; 7.10; 7.13; 7.14 and 7.16 ),
nine stanzas also known in the Pali Dhammanlti ( 3.1; 3.3; 3.6;
3.7; 5.9; 5.10; 6.8; 6.15 andN6.16 ; eight stanzas also known in the
Pali Lokanxti and Burmese Nïti kyan2 ( 3.1; 3.3; 3.6; 3.7; 5.10; 6.7;
6.8 and 6.12 ) two stanzas also known in the Pali Suttavaddana-
nlti ( 4.2 4; 5.9; two stanzas are also known in the OJ Nïti-
s ästra ( 4.20; 5.9 ) and one stanza is also known in the O J Tantri-
Kämandakn ( 5.9 '
It would be wrong to conclude from this fact that these

stanzas were related to each other ; they were all of Sanskrit
origin and were so popular that they spread to the North and
North -East ( to Tibet and through Tibet to Mongolia, Manchuria,
etc. ), to the East ( Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, L *os, etc. ) and
to South East ( Java, Bali, etc. ).
28. The annex which follows this study gives only addi-
tional information to that given in the editions of SSxOJ), Šlt-
(0 J ) and NM^T) as to the sources in which the maxims quoted
therein appear. Even if not all the sources quoted in the annex
are primary sources the existence of the maxims in them
( Subhasita samgraha s ) seems to be, as was said before, of great
importance.3 It seems also to be of some importance for
comparative studies, since various sources often contain different
readings and each additional reading sometimes provides a better
understanding of the stanza.
1 Of these twenty three cases all bat four appear in the reconstructed
text of OK ; only 2.21, 6.6, 6.15 and 7.21 appear in CRT. ( Some of them appear
also in after C texts ).
a Cf. fn. 1, 8 Cf. par, 6 above.

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Sanskrit Subhäsita-Samgrahas 133
The following abbreviations are used in the annex :

a. appears in.
aa, appears also in.
an. appears also in note-book MSs ( CnT ).
Ap Apastambíyadharmasütram. Aphorisms on the sacred law of the
Hindus, by Ãpastamba. Ed. ... by G. Blihler ... Third edition. BSS.
44, 40. Poona 1932.
aq. also quoted by.
b. was borrowed from.
B Das Baudhäyana-dharmasütra, herausgegeben von E. Hultzsch.
Zweite, verbesserte Auflage. Leipzig, 1922. AKM 16.2.
BhS D. D. Kosambi, Bhartrhari-viracita , &ataJsatrayãdi-8ubhãçita -
sam gr ah ã ... ( Siňghí Jaina Granthamälä, 23 ), Bombay, 1948.
C Cã na k y a, or Cänakya's collections of aphorisms.
cb. could also have been borrowed from.
ci. could have been influenced by.
CKr 0. Kressler, Stimmen indischer Lebensklugheit, in Indica,
Leipzig, 1907.
CL Laghu Cänakya version.
CLr The Laghu Cänakya version, reconstructed. See Cr.
CLH CL ; MS H. 250 in Harvard University Library, Cambridge, Mass.
( first part ).
CLP IV CL ; MS 17072-4 ( D ) in Université de Paris, Institute de Civilisa-
tion Indienne.
CLS CL ; Sodaáa~Cãnakaya...with Hindi commentary of Bhãvanãdãsa.
Pubi, by Pandita Srí Dhara Siva Lai, Jnäna-Sägara Press.
Bombay, Samvat 1932.
CN Cãnakya-niti-áâstra version.
CNr The Cânalsya-niti-sîstra version, reconstrucced. See Cr.
CNB CN ; Brhat-Cânakya-álokâh, with Utkala Padyänuväda by Srí
Ar juna Mahäränanka ... Utkal Press. Calcutta, 1919.
CNF CN ; E. Bartoli ( ed. ), CUnakyam , codice indiano , Napoli, 1911.
ONG CN ; G. M. Boiling, c The recension of Cänakya used by Galanos for
his 'Ek 8ia(f)Otíxr ttoitjcöv'j Studies in Honor of Maurice
Bloomfield , New Haven, 1920.
CNI 1 CN ; MS 1518a ( Eggeling 3990 ) in India Office Library, London.
CNI II CN ; MS Keith 7204 ( Tagore 40b ) in India Office Library, London.
CNL CN ; A 447 in Universitätsbibliothek, Karl Marx Univerität, Leipzig.
CNN CN ; E. Bartoli, c Un secondo codico fiorentino inedito di Cänakya
Rivista Indo greco-italica di Filologia , III-V.
CNNM CN ; Upendra Mohana Caudhurì ( ed. ), Cãnakya-niti-mãlã , Calcutta,
Bengal Art Printing Press, 1924.
CNP I CN ; MS 17072-3 ( A ) in Université de Paris, Institut de Civilisa-
tion Indienne.
CNP II CN ; MS 17072-1 ( B ) in Université de Paris, Institut de Civilisa-
tios Indienne.

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
CNPh CN ; MS 1506 in University of Pennsylvania Library, Philadelphia,

Pa.
CNPN CN ; MS Sanskrit 684 ( Cabaton 684 ) in Bibliothèquo Ňationale,
Paris.
CNë CN ; MS Srírãma Sästri Bhattacäryyena ( ed. ), Cñnakya-élokah ... ,

Calcutta, Ghose Press, 1919.
CNSC CN ; Tãrãsanna Mrtyunjay ( ed. ), Gdnakya-šlokah-samgraha ... ,
Calcutta, 1915.
Also N. C. Cattopãdhyãya ( ed. ), Cãnákya-iloka-safhgrahah ... ,
Calcutta, Rudra Printing Press, 1918.
CNSK CN ; Cánakya-šloka , Calcutta, New Sanskrit Press, 1887.
CNSL CN ; Astottara-šata-Cánakya-élokah, Calcutta, Lakçmï Printing
Works, 1322.
CNS1 CN ; Nãrãyanacandra Cattopãdhyãya, Cftnakya-êloka-samgrahah
( Hindi gadya anuvãda sahita ). Samgrahãkarttã tathã anu-
vãda Je a, Calcutta, Rudra Printing Press, 1918.
CNST CN ; Cãnakya-êatakam ... , Dacca, Calcutta, Svarna Press, 1319.
CnT Cänakya's note-book MSs ( see below ).
CNT IV CN ; MS 5119, as quoted in Kressler, Stimmen indischer Lebens -
klugheit , Leipzig, 1907.
CNW CN ; A. Weber, ' Über 100 Sprüche des Cänakya Monatsberichte
d . kön. Preuss.- Akademie d . Wiss . zu Berlin , 1865, 400-31.
CnT I CnT ; MS. No. 5031, as quoted in CKr. as TjA.
CnT II CnT ; MS. No. 5117, as quoted in CKr. as TjB.
CnT III CnT ; MS. No. 5118, as quoted in CKr. as TjC.
CnT V CnT ; MS. No. 5120, as quoted in CKr. as TjE.
CnT VI CnT ; MS. No. 5121, as quoted in CKr. as TjF.
CnT VII CnT ; MS. No. 5122, as quoted in CKr. as TjG.
CPS Vrddha-Cänakya. Ed. by Pt. Sri Rama Sästri. Calcutta, 1777.
CR Cãnakya-raja-níti-áãstra version.
Cr Cânakya-nïti text-tradition ( Cãnakya-niti èãkhã-sampradãya ).
In two volumes : Vol. I, part I, the Vrddha Cänakya , textua
ornatior ( CVr ), the Vrddha Cãnakyã , textus simplxcior ( CVr ),
the Gánakya-niti-sñstra (CNr), and the Cãnakya-sãra-samgraha
( CSr ) versions ; Vol. I, part 2, ihe Laghu CUnakya ( CLr )
and the Gãnakya-rãja-niti-éãstra ( CRr ) version; Vol. II, the
Ur-text. For the first time collected and critically edited with
principal variants by Ludwik Sternbach. Vishveshvaranand
Vedic Research Institute, Hoshiarpur ( Pb. , India ), Vols. XVII,
XVill, and XIX of the Vishveshvaranand Indological Research
Series.
CRr The Cãnakya-rãja-niti-iastra version, reconstructed. See Cr.

CRC CR ; ïàvara Chandra Sästri ( ed. ), Cãnakya-rãja-niti-àMrarr
( Calcutta Oriental Series, 2 ).
CpCa II CR ; MS. Add. 1040 in the University library, Cambridge,

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
Sanskrit Subhäsita-Samgraha-a 135
CRT Cãnakya-rãja-nltiHáãstra. Ed. by Suniti Kumara Pathak. Viáva

Bhãrati Annals, Vol. VIII. S'äntiniketan, 1958.
ÇS Cãnakya-sara-samgraha version.
CSr The Cãnakya-sãra-sathgraha version, reconstructed. See Cr.
CSBD CS ; Bodhi Cänakyam athavä Cänakya-sära-samgrahah...by Bh. C.
Dutt. Calcutta, 1888.
CSJ CS ; MS. belonging to Professor J. W. de Jong, Leiden.
CV Vrddha Cänakya, textus ornatior version.
CVr The Vrddha Cftnakya , textus ornatior version reconstructed.
See Čr.
CVNS CV ; Vrddha-canakya-niti-samuccaya...Taiyara-karanara Manilala
ChappSrgma Bhatta, Ahmedabad, 1913.
Cv Vrddha Cfinakya, textus simplicior version.
Cvr The Vrddha Cãnakya , textus simplicior version, reconstructed.
See Cr.
CvL I Qv ; MS. A 445 in the Karl-Marx Universität. Universitäts-
bibliothek, Leipzig.
CvL II Cv ; MS. A 446 in the Karl-Marx Universität, Universitätsbiblio-
thek, Leipzig.
CvS Cv ; Sodaáa-Canakya
Ed. by Pandita Sri Dhara Siva Lai. Jñana-Sag

Samvat 1932*
d. with different readings.
■Db Dharmakoáa, ed. by Lakçmanaáastri Joál. Wai, 1937-47.
DhN(P) ( Dhammaniti ). J.Gray, Ancient proverbs and maxims from
Burmese , sources or the niti Literature of Burma , London, 1886.
G The Institutes of Gautama. Ed. by A. F. Stenzler, Sanskrit Text
Society, London, 1876.
Garuda-Puraâ ... of Mahar«i Vedavyäsa ... Ed. by Jlvananda
Vidyãsãgara. Calcutta, 1890.
H Hitopadeáa.
HC Hitopadeáa, or salutary instruction, in the origin
Dasa Cumara Charita, abridged by Appayya. Three Sat
centuries of verses, by Bhartri Hari. Edited by H. T. Co
Serampore, 1804.
[ A. Hamilton ( ed. ). The Hitõpadèha in the Sanskrit l
London, Library East-India House, 1810.
H J F. Johnson ( ed. ), Hitopadeka : the Sanskrit text with
tical analysis alphabetically arranged 9 2nd ed.¡ He
London, 1864. For other editions of H see AOS, 44 ( App
Hitopadesas id est Institutio Salutaris. Textum codd. ms
recensuerunt, interpretationem latinam et annotationes c
adiecerunt Augustus Guilelmus a Schlegel et Christianu
Pars. I : textum sanscritum tenons. Pars. II': comment
criticum tenens. Bonnae ed Rhenum, 1831. typis regiis
apud Eduardum Weber, bibliopolam Bonnensem.
i. influenced by.
0. Böhtlingk, Indische Sprüche , Sanskrit u} Deutsch , A
St. Petersburg, 1870-2,

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
136 Annals of the Bhandarhar Oriental Research Institute
KM KffvyamSlff, published by Nirnaya S agar Press, Bombay.

KN K&mandakîya-nïtisSra, with a commentary compiled and edited
by Pandita RSmanärSyana Vidygratna, Jaganmohana Tarka-
lañkSra and K3mSkhy5n3tha Tarkabãgíáa. Edited by Rãjendra-
lãla Mitra
1801-4.
KSS Kathäsaritsägara. Ed. by H. Brockhaus. AKM. 2.5.

LN( P ) The Lohaniti in Pali with meaning in Burmese, ed. by Iksathara
Pâli Scholars Society, Rangoon, Iksathara Pitaka Printing Press,
no date ( anthology, pp. 53-66 ). Also J. Gray, Ancient proverbs
and maxims from Burmese sources , or the niti Literature of
Burma , London, 1886.
MBh( Bh ) Mahäbhärata, Poona ed. ( Bhandarkar Or. Res. Institute ).
MBh( R ) P. C. Roy ( ed. ), Ř rimãbhãrata , srimaharsivedavgãsaviracitam ... ,
Calcutta, 1886-8.
Mn Gangãnãtha Jhä ( ed. ), Manu-smrti with the Manubhãsya of
Medhãtithi ( Bibi. Ind. , 256 ), Calcutta, 1932.
NKy( B ) ( Niti kyan. ) E. Fowle, c Translation of a Burmes version of the
Niti Kyan, a code of ethics in Pâli ', J BA S, XVII, 1860, 252-66.
NM( T ) Sunitikumar Pathak ( ed. ), c The Nitiéãstra of Masùrâkça ' ( Tibetan
and Sanskrit ) ', Viha-Bhãrãti Annals , X, 1961.
NS( OJ ) Uitgegeven door R. M. Ng. Poerbatjaraka ( ed. and tr. ), Niti-
éâstra : Oud-Javansche tek 8t met vertaling ( Bibi. Javanica, 4 ),
Bandoeng, 1933.
P Pañcatantra.
PD A. Veñkatasubbiah, ' The Pañcatantra of Durgasim
für Indologie u. Iranistik , VI, 1928, 255 sqq.
PM J. Hertel, cEine vierte Jaina-Recension des Pañca
vijaya ), ZD MO, LVII, 1903, 639 sqq.
PN P. Nepali text, as quoted in PS, LXXXIX, and PT,
and PRE 2.192 sqq.
PP J. Hertel ( ed. ), The Pañcatantra ... in the recension called
Panchãkhyãnaka ...of the Jaina monk Pürnabhadra ... ( HOS,
11-12 ), Cambridge, Mass. , 1908-12.
PRE F. Edgerton ( ed. ), The Pañchtantra ... , Poona, 1930. Also F.
Edgerton, The Panchatantra reconstructed ... { AOS, 2-3)
New Haven, 1924.
PS J. Hertel ( ed. *, 1 Das südliche Pañcatantra : Sanskrit text der
Recension ß mit deu Lesarten der besten HSs der Recesion
oe'j Abh. d. phil.-hi8t. Klases d. kõn. Sachs . Oes . d . Wiss. ,
XXIV, 5, 1906.
PT J. Hertel, Über das Tantrãkhyãyika ... mit dem Texte der HS
Decc. Coll. VIII 145 ', Abh. d. phil-hist. Klasse d. kõn . Sachs.
Oes. d. Wiss. , XXII, 5, 1904 i PTem >, Also J. Hertel ( ed. ),
The Pañcatantra ... entitled Tantrãkhyãyika ... editlo minor
( HOS, 14 ), Cambridge, Mass., 1915. Also J. Hertel ( tr. ),
Tantrãkhyãyika ... aus dem Sanskrit ... Leipzig and Berlin, 1909.
Pts F. Kielhorn and G. Bühler ( od.^, Pañchatantra ( textus simplicior )
< Bombay Sanskrit Series, 1, 3-4 ), Bombay, 1891-6. ( F. Kielhorn,
I ; G. Bühler, U-V ).

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
Sanskrit Subhäsita-Samyrahas 137
PtsK J. G. L. Kosegarten ( ed. ), Pantschatantrvm , sive quinquepartitum

de moribu8 exponens ... , Bonn. a. R. , 1848.
HG Rãmãyana, poema indico di Valmici. Testo sanscrito secondo i
codici manoscritti dell scuola Gaudana per Gaspare. Gorresio...S
vols. Parigi 1843-50.
RN( P) ( Ràjanìti ). J. Gray, Ancient proverbs and maxims from Burmese
sources, or the niti Literature of Burma , London, 1886.
Sar Sarasvatl-kanthãbharana in Aufrechts Auswahl von unedirten
Strojthen verschiedener Dichter in ZDMG 25. Also in KM. 94
SB The Budhabhûçana of King Sariibhu. Edited by H. D. Velankar,
Gov. O. S. : C. 2. Poona, 1926.
ShD( T ) W. L. Campbll (ed. and tr. ), She-rab dong -bu or Prajnya dan da
by Li-Thub ( Nãgãrjuna ), Calcutta, 1919.
SKDr ¡Sabdakalpadruma , reprinted ( Cliaukhambä Sanskrit Granthamãlã,
93 ), Vãrãipasí.
Slt(OJ) S. Rani ( ed. ), álokãntara , an Old Javanese didactic text ( Safca-
pitaka, I ), Delhi, 1957.
SN(P) ( Suttavaddhãnaniti ). J. Gray, Ancient proverbs and maxims from
Burmese sources , or the niti Literature of Burma , London, 1886.
SP The Paddhati of Sãrangadhara, a Sanskrit anthology. Edited by
Peter Peterson ... Vol. I. BSS. 37. Bombay, 1888.
SR Subhã.ita-ratna-bhãndãgãra. Enlarged and re-edited. ..by Nãrãyana
Râma Ãchãrya Kãvyatírtha. 8th edition. Nirnaya Sãgar Press,
Bombay, 1952.
SRHt Süktiratnahära of Sürya. Ed. by K. Sãmbaáiva Sãstri. Trivandrum
Sanskrit Series CXLI, Sri Citrodayamañjari XXX,
Trivandrum, 1938.
SRK Subhä itaratnãkara. A collection of witty and epigrammatic
sayings in Sanskrit, Compiled and edited... by Krçna Sãstri
Bhãtavadekar, Bombay, 1872.
SRN( T ) W. L. Campbell ( ed. ) Sasky y a legs-bcas : Subhãsita-ratna-nidhi,
O st- Asiatische Zeitung , Neue Folge, II, 1925, 31-65, 159-85.
Sto R. Schmidt ( ed. ), ' Der Text us ornatior der Sukasaptati ', Abh . d .
kön. Bay. Akad. d. Wiss . XXI, Abth. 2, 1898-9.
Sts R. Schmidt (ed.), e Die Sukaspatati, textus simplicior *, A KM,
X, 1, 1893.
Subh Subhãsitãrnava , as quoted in IS.
t. translated from Sanskrit and included into the literature of ( or
included in the
TK( O J ) C. Hooykaas (ed.) Tantri-

tantra-b ewer king ... ( Bibliothe
TP M. W. Carr, A Collection of T
and explained together with so
Devanagarï and Telugu charact
Vãs Vãsi?tha- dharmaáãstra. Ed. by A. A. Führer. The Department
of Public Instruction, BSS. 23. Poona, 1930,
18 [ Annals, B. 0. R. I. ]

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
138 Annoia of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
VC F. Edgerton ( ed. ), Viharama's adventures , or the thirty-two tales

of the throne ... Ed. in four ... recensions : Southern ( VCsr ),
Metrical ( VCmr ), Brief ( VCbr ), Jainistic ( VCjr ) ( HOS,
26-7 ), Cambridge, Mass. , 1926.
Vf Vi$nu-smrti, with extracts from the Sanskrit commentary of Nanda
Pandi ta. Edited by Jullius Jolly. Asiatic Society of Bengal.
Bibl. Ind. 9. Calcutta, 1881.
VP PadyataranginI of Vrajanãtha, as quoted by N. A. Gore in P. 0.
11. 46-56.
VS The Subhãíitãvali of Vallabhadeva. Edited by Peter Peterson

...BBS. 31. Bombay, 1886.
Y Yãjfiavalkya-dharmaáãstra. Yajñavalkya's Gesetzhuch. Sanskrit
und Deutsh herausgegeben von Dr. Adolf Friedrich Stenzler
ANNEX : ADDITIONAL REFERENCES TO THE SÏRA-

SAMUCCAYA, SLOKÃNTARA AND NITIŠSSRA
OF MASURÎKSA
/. THE SÄRASAMUGCAYA
17. a.MBh'Bh) 18.5,49. (In the CitraéaU ed. should be 18.5,
62 . aa. ŠP 665, Dampatiáiks&n&maka 19, IS 1325.
18. aa. in the Javanese MBh (Juynboll p. 266*.
20. cb. CL CLP IV 7.4V aa> SR 394.690, IS 3087.
23. b. CR CRr 8.40; an. CnT II 17.10, CnT III-7b 19; also
238.48) or GP 1.115,43, IS 5134.
29. aa CR (CRr 2.52; also CPS 44.50) and GP 1.109,44.
30. b. CR (CRr 2.53; also CPS 43.49) or P (PRE 2.59, PT2. 95,
PTem 2.84, PS 2.55, PP 2.112, PN 1.52), or H (HJ 1.85;;
aa. VP 7.8, IS 3727.
31. b. CR ( CRr 4. 23 ; also CPS 103. 57 ; also compare CNW
11, CNP II, 255, CNT IV 194, CN& 94, CNŠ 93, CNŠL
67, CNNM 95, CNŠT 94, HJ Intr. 3, Bhavabhüti's Guna-
ratna 12, ¡ŠP 669, SR 162. 427 ).
34. b. P ( PP 1. 125, Pts 1. 165, PtsK 1. 181 ).
37. aa. Brähmadharma 2. 4, 6, IS 5515.
38. aa. d. ŠP 677, IS 1053. Similar thoughts are expressed
in Šit ( OJ ) 10.
39. cb. Mn 4. 241 ; aa. Brähmadharma 2. 16, 7-8, VS 2954,
Dampatiáiksãnãtnaka 19, IS 4938,

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
Sanskrit Subhäsita-Sanigraha-s 139
40. aa. IS 1426.

43. b. Mn 2. 10. (C£ Y 1. 7; G 1. 1, 1-2 ).
47. aa. MBh ( R ) 13. 113, 8 and IS 3253.
49. aa. in Javanese MBh ( Juynboll p. 231 '
50. b. CR or CN ( CRr 1. 7, CNI I 23 CNG 6 CNŠ 17, ÖN&
09 ; also CPS 3. 6 ), or P (Pts 3. 103, PtsK 3. 104) ; aa. VS
2950, Sar ( KM 94) ad 1. 85, IS 6579 ; t. Tibet ( ShD T)
212 ).
51. aa. MBh ( R ) 12. 322, 7 (not found in the MBh( Bh )ed. );
cb. CS ( CSr 1 99 ), or P (PP 3. 90, Pts 3. 98, PtsK 3. 99?,
aa. YS 2955, IS 4150.
53. connected with SS ( OJ ) 48 ; in MBh ( Bh ) Ãraiiyakauda
48 follows 53.
55. cb. CR ( CRT 2. 21 ), or GP 1. 109, 21.
61. b. Mn 10. 4 and not from MBh ( Bh ) 12. 285, 25. Cf.
5p. 1. 1, 4-5, B 1. 16, 1, Vas 2. 1-2, Y 1. 10.
67. and 68. should read together ; in the fn. to 67 read rnjã
bhîrur ( instead of bhi ).
71. aa. MBh ( Bh ) 14. 11. 4. .
72. aa. IS 950.
80. aa. ŠP 634, SR 154. 38, IS 247.
83. aa. IS 1560.
85. aa. IS 4688.
92. aa. Sarvadarâasamgraha 15, YS 3361, IS 3967. C£ CYr
14. 16.
93. b. CS or CN ( CSr 1. 85, CNG 272 ) ; aa. SP 675, VS
2966.
97. aa. Bráhmadharma 2. 10, 5, IS 4994, Javanese MBh
( Juynboll p. 231 ).
99. aa. IS 3553.
100. aa. IS 5216.
101. cb. Matsya-pursna 28. 4.
105. aa. Javanese MBh ( Juynboll p. 245 ).
107. cb. Matsya-purfina 36. 6 ; aa. SR 380. 120, Sariiskrta-
pathopaksraka 58. IS 48.
108. aa.' SR 389. 505, IS 5045.
109. cb. Skanda- pur&na, Avantyakhanda cat. 25. 40, aa. SR
166. 599, IS 3709.'

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
110. b. CV or CL ( CVr 8. 14, CLr 3. 7 ; an. CnT II 12. 13,

CnT III 7. 45, CnT V 75 ; also CPS 238. 47 , or Sto 323.
36 : aa. IS 1974 (not 974 '
111. aa. IS 1966.
112." aa. IS 6028.
113. b. HBh ( Bh 5. 38, 27, or H ( H J 3. 124 ) ; aa. IS 2973
( not 2974 '.
117. cb. CN ( CNPh 160 ).
118. aa. IS 3298.
122. aa. IS 1490.
123. aa. CVNS 17. 20, IS 3027.
125. aa. IS 510.
126. cb. Matsya -purãua 36. 11 ; aa. IS 6018.
127. aa. IS 4732.
128. cb. MBh (R) 1 10 1, 33, CNT IV 216, or P (PP 3. 99, Pts
3. Ill, PtsK 3. 112 ;aa. SR 385. 322, IS 5806 ; (in j vãco
, which does not appear in MBh, but appears in PtsK>.
131. aa. VS 2810, IS 4237.
132. Similar maxims are found in Mn 2. 200 and Vi 28. 26.
134. cb. MBh ( R » 12. 276, 29 ( not found in the MBh ( Bh )

ed. ) ; aa. SR 382. 236, IS 530.
136. b. Mn text found only in some MSs of Mn and niban-
dha s ; this maxim is attributed to Mn in Smrticandrika,
Vyavahãrakhmda ( Gharpure's ed. ) 85. 30, Parâáara-
dharnia samhit*, Vyavahrraprakãéa 108. 5, ( xß only),
Vyavahãraprakãáa (MS in Dh 1. 261) and Vyavahãrãrtha-
samuccaya 33 ( MS in Dh 1. 261 ) ; aa. ¡Šlokantara 1.
137. b. Nãrada-smrti 4.227, or Nãradiyasamhitã 2.204; aa. in
some nibandha-8 ^ Vyavahãrakalpataru 53, Vyavahãra-
cintämaui 49, Vyavahãratattava 220, Vivädacandra, 148,
Vyavahãrasaukhya 50).
141. b. H (HJ 1.44».
144. its first part is well known but its authorship not; aa.
áP 4141, VS 375, SR 371.116.
145. b. CR (CRr 8.28; also CPS 240.55), or GP 1.115,30; aa.
VS 2970.
150. «ß aa. VCsr 13.6.

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
159. aa. ŠP 653, YS 2972, SR 154.44, IS 3923. Cf. Mn 4,134

and Mârkaudeya-purãna 34.62-3.
160. b. Mn 9.41.
163. aa. VS 3047, IS 208.
165. b. CN (CNŠC 93, CNŠ1 93: CNŠ 91 ; also CPS 633.42).
166. aa. SR 377.1, IS 6476.
167. aa. SR. 160.339, IS 2464.
168. b. CR (CRCa II 26, CRT 6.6; cf. CVr 5.9, CNŠC 82, CNŠ1
82, CNŠ 82), or GP 1.113, 10; aa. IS 6742.
169. aa. IS 915.
174. aa. IS 7027.
181. b. CN (CNr 'C' ; also CPS 359.17), or H (HJ 1.45 and
3.104 ; aa. SR 286.346.
182. b. CR CRr 6.1; also CPS 134.1). Cf. GP 1.113,12.
183. cb. CR, Cv, CS, CN or CL (CRr 3.4, Cvr 8.4, CSr 3.88,
CNP II 9. CNG 54, CNF 106, CNPh 19, CNI II 78,
CLS 3.2; also CPS 58.22; cf. CNG 311), or GP 1.110,4,
or P (PP 2.150, Pts 2.147, PtsK 2.154 ; aa. SR 165.536,
VS 3428, SRHt 237.21, IS 71; (cf. VCsr 11.2, VCmr
5. 60-1, VCjr 5-5); t. OJ (TK OJil7, NŠ (OJ) 1.14
where it has in j dãrã instead of nãrt, Javanese MBh
(Juynboll p. 237); has also dürn instead of nari)
184. cb. H (HJ 1.70 ; aa. Dampatláiksãnãmaka 10, Sapta-
ratna 7, SR 174.898, IS 3067.
185. b. CR (CRr 8.35; also CPS 225.16), or GP 1.115, 36, or P
(PP 3.88, Pts 3.96. PtsK 3.97 ; aa, VS 2956, ¡ŠP 666, Sar
(KM 94) ad 1.120 (162, p. 115).
187. is a well-known maxim, however its authorship is
unknown.
196. does not occur in MBh(Bh) 2.5, 81, 83.
197. b. H(HJ 1.14 ; aa. SR 69.8.
199. b. MBh(R) 13.63,13.
202. b. CR (CRr 2.35 v.l.; also CPS 376.13 v.l.' or GP 1.109,25.
220. MBh. <Bh) 5.105,8 and not MBh'Bhi 5.10,8.
228. aa. Brähmadharma 2.9,7, SR 383.374, IS 2398.
230. cb. Mn 3.101, or P (PP 1.131, Pts 1,171, PtsK 1.187), or
H(HJ 1.61); aa. ŠP 642, IS 2589; the same thoughts
appear also in some Smrtis other than Mn, viz. Ap 2.4,
14, G 5.36-7, Y 1.107, Šaňkha-likhita, Parãsara, Yama,
Visimdharmottara and Hãríta in Asvamedhika 412-49;
t. ťáli (DhN(P)138); aa. in Javanese MBh (Juynboll
p.233;.

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
1 42 Annal 8 of the Bhanďarkar Oriental Research Institute
232. cb. P (Pts 5.103, PtsK 5.88) but the text as found in SS
(OJ) is nearer to MBh than to P; aa. SB 383.250, IS 1391.
236. cb. M&rkaudeya-purSna; 29.39-40, but the text of the SS
(OJ) is nearer to the MBh than to the Mãrkandeya-
purãna; aa. IS 6555; aa. in Javanese MBh (Juynboll p.
237 >.
238. IS 5.
241. eb. MBh (B) 13.105, 18-9; similar thoughts are expressed
in Mn 2.147-8, Vi 30.44-5, Vãs 2.3-5, ïp 1.1, 15-7, G 1.8;
aa. IS 6425. •
242. cb. Mn 2.117; similar thoughts are expressed in Vi 2
7, ïp 5. 19-20, iŠafikhayaiia-grhyasůtra and Paithïnas
in Vïramitrodya, Samskãraprakãéa 460.
248. aa. Chezy's Öäkuntalopäkhyäna 5.13, IS 6422; t.OJ
(OJ j8.3).
254. b. MBh(R) 13.104, 66 or Mn 4.154 ( rather from MBh
than from Mn ; similar thoughts are expressed in Ãp 2.7,
7-11, B 2.6,35; < cf. below 255'.
255. cb. MBhvR> 13.104,65 it is very likely that this maxim
was borrowed together with the preceding one from the
Ànuéãsanaparvan (104).
256. cb. Mn 2.121 (repeated in Viramitrodaya, Samskãraprakãéa
460. 23-4, Vidh&nã-p&rijãta 1.501,14-5, Parãéara-dharma-
samhitä 1.1; 336, 5-6, Smrticandrika (Gharpure's ed.) 37.7,
Smrtimuktá phalam 108,34; aa. CVNS 12.11, IS 504;
similar thoughts are found in ïp 1.5,15; the MBh text is
nearer to the SM O J) in 1) and therefore it is more probable
that the S (OJ ) borrowed from MBh than from Mn; aa.
in Javanese MBh (Juynboll p.238).
257. b. Mn 4.18; similar thoughts are also expressed in Y
1.123, Vi 71. 5-6.
259. Similar thoughts are expressed in Y 1.154, Vi 71.90.
260. cb. 71.91, Vás 6.7; ci. MBh(B) 13.104,6.
261. A similar maxim is found in MBh (B) 13.104,29; similar
thoughts are expressed in B 1.21,18, 5p 1.31,21, Vãs 12.
21, Vi 69.1, Y 1. 79, Visnu-purana in Paraáaram&dhava
499.
264. cb. Atri 47; similar thoughts are expressed in Y 3.313-4.
265. aa. ŠP 674, IS 949.
m. cf. GP 1. 113,35.

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
Šanekrit Subhãsita-Samgraha-8 143
270. cb. P (Pts 2.154, PtsK 2.167), or H (HJ. 1.198); aa. VS.
3001, 8R 163.462, 18 3117.
271. b. CR or ON (CRr 6.28, ONT IV 235; an. CnT VII 9;
also CPS 164.83), or GP 1.113,36, v.l., or Mn 5.106, or Vi
22.89; the Mn. text appears also in nibandha-8 ( Smrti-
saroddhara 249.10-2, Nrsimhaprasãda, Šrsdhasára 90.
1-2); aa. Hemjdri's Caturvargacint . mani, Pariéesakhanda
8.1; 792.14-5, SRHt 190.41.
272. cb. CV, CR, or CN (CVr 16.11, CRr 2.37, CNG 181, ÒNT
IV 198; also CPS 310.10), or GP 1.109, 28, or Šukasaptati
(Šts 82.6-7, Što 360.8-9); aa. SR 379.96, Iâ 128.
286. cb. P (Pts 2.93, PtsK 2.10D, or VCsr 12.12; aa. SR 165.
529, IS 4950. Cf. CNr 98, CNW 39, CNF 69, CNPN 85,
HS ad Intr 48.
287. cb. MBh', Ri 12.322,3 (not found in the MBh Bh'ed.' or
Mãrkandeya-purãua 14.18-9; aa. SR 393.664, Is 2873.
288. b. CR (CRr 6.34; also CPS 164.82 >, or GP 1.113,42.
289. cb. P (Pts 2.86, PtsK 2.84); cf. CRr 8.115.
290. b. RG 6.62,40, or P (PT 2.56 ; aa. ¡ŠP 412 where it is
ascribed to Valmiki, Vá 3162, SR 65.6.
291. i. Cd or CN (CSr 2.99, CNPh 144).
294. b. P (PP 2.74, Pts 2.87, PtsK 2.95); aa. VS 3165, SR 66.22.
295. aa. SR 390.543 «ß, IS 4340 «/3.
296. aa. IS 6881.
298. cb. H (HJ 4.3); aa. là 6218.
299. aa. IS 1154.
300. cb. H (HJ 1. 140); a». SR 65.9.
302. cb. P (Pts 2.88, PtsK 2.96 >; similar thoughts are
expressed in CR (CRr 8.97; also CPo 255.94), GP 1.115,
78, VS 3166.
303. cb. H (HJ 2.21), Vetftlapañcavimsatiká 4.3; aa. Dhvanyâ-
loka (HSS 66) ad 3.76 (p.375), VS 3168, SR 65.5.
305. b. CR (CRr 8.96; also CPS (255.93 ; aa. V.- 3172.
307. b. P (PT 3.89 and 2.152, PTem 3.78 and 2.154) or H (HJ
Intr 42) rather than from MBh Bh) 3.1,28 (and not 3.1,
58); aa. Dampatiáiksãn%maka 9, Bahudaréana 17.81,
Kavitâmrtakùpa 7. Cf. ŠKDr ad nica.
309. b. H ( HJ 3. 13 ) ; aa. SR 164. 498, Kavitâmrtakùpa 102 ;
t. Ceylon ( Vasakâraya 87 ).

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
311. b. CR ( CRr 5. 34 ) or GP 1. 113, 2 ; aa. ŠP 1422, SR 153.

3, SRHt 24. 1.
312. aa. in Javanese MBh ( Juynboll 228 ) ; cf. CR ( CRr 6. 32;
also CPS 163. 81 , GP 1. 113, 41, IS 3529.
317. aa. ¡ŠP 1420, YS 2641, SR 153. 1, IS 314.
320. b. MBh ( R ) 3. 112, 107 i not found in the MBh (Bhi ed. v
aa. IS 6251.
321. aa. ŠP 1425, SR 153. 2, Subh 66, IS 4240.
324. b. P. ( PRE 1. 17, PT 1. 15, PTem 1. 12, PS 1. 18, PP 1.
19, PN 2. 13 -, or H ( HJ 2. 44 ) ; aa. YS 3006, SR 163.
475, IS 1016.
327. yS. aa. MBh ( Bh 2. 38, 13 yS ; the whole maxim aa. SR
394. 692, IS 3003.
328. cb. MBh ( Bh ad 12. 167, 20 ; 449*, lines 32 3 ( cf. MBh
( Bh ) 5. 105, 10 ), or Rãmâyana 4. 34, 12, or CR CRr
7. 72 ; also CPS 185. 29 >, or GP 1. 114, 69, or P ( PP 1.
248 and 4. 10, Pts 4. 10, PtsK 4, 10 ) ; aa. SP 704, VS
2988, Präsitattva in SKDr ad niskrtih, IS 2198.
330. cb. P ( PP 3. 152, PtsK 3. 174 ) ; aa. IS 4999.
331. aa. IS 6664.
332. aa. IS 758.
333. aa. SP 367, VS 370, SR 54. 18.
334. b. CV, Cv or CN ( CVr 15. 3, Cvr 2. 13, CNT IV 1
CNM 146, CNMN 112 ; an. CnT II 3. 9, CnT III 2. 13
CnT VI 35 ; also CPS 311. 13 ; aa. ŠP 357, VS 380, SR
54. 6, Pras 8. 6, Subh 63, Kavitftmrtaküpa 12.
335. a. CLr 5. 5, v. 1.
338. aa. VS 372, SR 56. 102.
339. b. CNN 13, or H ( HJ 3. 25 ; aa. SR 55. 41.
341. b. CL ( CLr 5. 10 ; aa. SR 241. 156, SRK 212. 3, Kuv
lay. nanda 58.
342. aa, SR 39. 11.
343. cb. Skanda puráiia, N r garakhanda 37. 14 ; aa, IS 6091.
347. cb. CR, CL, CS or CN ( CRr 6. 48, CLr 5. 8, CSr 3. 29
CNN 51, CNG 86, CNŠK 70 ; an. CnT II 15. 10, CnT III
7. 82, CnT V 124, CnT VII 48 ; also CPS 166. 89 >, or GP
1. 113, 56 ; aa. ŠP 345, SR 54. 1, SRK 22. 5, IS 2045 ; t.
Pâli and Burmese ( LN ( P ) 75, DhN ( P ) 340, NKy ( B )
106.

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
Sanskrit Subhãsita-Samgraha-8 145
S48. aa. Kavitãmrtakúpa 81, IS 505.

349. aa. in Javanese MBh ( Juynboll p. 231 ).
350. aa. VS 2807, SR 386. 345, IS 3918 ; cf. CLr 5. 9.
352. aa. IS 756.
353. aa. Chèzy's Síkuntalopãkhyãna 7. 87, ŠP 417, SR 39. 3
Kavit mrtaküpa 78, 18 4923.
357. b. CR ( CRr 8. 76 ; also CPá 228. 22 ' or P ( PP 3. 89, Pt
3. 97, PtsK 3. 98 ) ; aa. VS 3008, 18 3549 ; cf. CYr 7. 19,
CPS 208. 77.
359. cb. MBh ( R ) 12. 322, 16 (not found in the MBh ( Bh )
ed. ), MBh ( R ) 13. 7, 22 3, or CR, CV, or CN ( CRr 6. 47,
CVr 13. 14, CNP II 247, CNG 233, CNT IV 261 ; an. CnT
II 20. 9, CnT III 53. 8 ; also CPS 316. 29 ' or GP 1, 113,
53-4, or Padma puräna, Bhůmikhanda 81. 47, or P PP
2. 135, PT 2. 106, PTem 2. 95, Pts 2. 123, PtsK 2. 134 );
aa. SRK 76. 3, SR 91. 12, VS 3081, sRHt 49. 5, IS
5114.
360. cb. MBh ( R ) 13. 7, 23 4, or CR ( CRr 6. 44 ), or GP 1.
113, 50 jS 63 ; aa. VS 3082, fcR 91. 13, IS 92.
361. cb. MBh ( R ) 12. 322, 15, or CR ( CRCa II 35 , or GP
1. 113, 29 ; aa. Is 4447 ; also found in Sit ( ÕJ ) 35.
363. aa. VS 3092, Iâ 4735.
364. cb. MBh ( Bh ) 3. 200, 20.
370. cb. MBh ( R p 12. 276, 13 ( not found in the MBh iBh ed. )
or MBh i Bh ) 12. 309, 72, or Vrddhasatãtapa smrti 61,
or Vinnudharmottara 1. 117, or Skanda purana, Nãgara-
khandà 26. 18 ; aa, VS 3281, I« 6595.
373. b; CŘ (CRr 8. 26 «/3 8y, also CPtJ 239. 50), or GP 1. 115,
27 ; aa. SRHt 263. 11.
377. aa. IS 3185.
378. cb. GP 1. 115, 29.
379. b. H ( HJ 1. 120 ), or BhŠ 583.
380. b. H ( HJ 4. 70 ) ; aa. SP 4134, YS 3294, SR 372. 157, IS
1065.
382. b. R-mãyana 2. 105, 17.
383. b. MBh ( R ) 13. 163, 11, or CR or CN ( CRr 6. 41, CNG
232 ; also CPS 157. 64 ; cf. CRr 6. 42 , or GP 1. 113, 48,
or H (HJ 2. 15 i; aa. Pañcaratna 1. 3, 20, Ghatakarpara's
Nitisära 19 ; cf. Bhâgavata-purana 7. 2, 40, VCsr 14. 9,
SR 160. 301.
19 [ ÂQQftls, B. O. B. I* ]

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
146 Annata of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
384. cb. MBh ( R ) 12. 276, 72 ( not found in the MBh ( Bh )

ed. ) ; aa. IS 4955.
385. aa. 13 2565.
389. aa. IS 7401.
390. cb. MBh ( R ) 12. 205, 4 ( not found in the MBh ( Bh
ed. ) : aa. IS 290 ; aa. in a different form in Sit ( OJ ) 9.
392. cb. CRT 7. 25, or CNG 151 ( the latter d. ) ; or GP 1. 114
46 ; aa. IS 7217. ( Cf. CRr 7. 25, NM ( T ) 4. 11 below
SRN ( T ) 167.
394. cb. MBh ( R ) 12. 174, 22, MBh (Bh) ad 12. 168, 19 ; 461*
lines 5-6, or P ( PT 2. 105, PTem 2. 94 ) ; aa. Is 2434.
402. b. CRC 6.77; aa. VS 3336, SR 367,19, Subh 270.
403. aa. Javanese MBh ( Gonda, Bibi, Jav. 7. 51.31-2 ).
410. cb. MBh(Bh) 11.2, 18 or 12.317, 4; aa. SR 381.179, IS 307
415. should be MBh(Bh) 12.266, 9-10 ( and not 12.66, 9-10 ).
417. aa. Brähmadharma 2.10,2.
421. b. CR ( CRr 8.74; also CPS 237.40 ), or P ( PRE 2.47,
PT 2.79, PTem 2.68, PP 2.97, Pá 2.42, PN 1.38, ) or H
( HJ 1.52 ), or Skanda-puräua, Prabhssakhanda, pra.
kse. mã. 255.32; aa. Š P 316, VS 3347, SR 75.8, SRK
54.9, SRHt 268.4, Jalhana's Sûktimukt&valï 128.5.
422. cb. MBh(Bh) ad 1.80.9; 840*, line 3 ( cf. MBh(Bh) ad
1.70,44; 693*, lines 8 9, MBh(R) 13.93,45 ), or Harivamáa
1640, or Vãyu-purana 93.98; aq. Kullûka ad Mn 2.94; «ß
appears also in Visnu-purana 4.10,10, Bhagavata-purina
9.19,13, KN i Bibl. Ind. ) after 1.36; aa. Is 5055.
429. cb. MBh(Bh ad 1.80,9; 840*, lines 1-2, or Mn 2.94, or
Visnu-purãna 4.10,9, or Bhsgavata-pursna 9.19,14, or
Vãyu-purána 93.95, or Harivamáa 1639; aa. Brahma-
dharma 2.13,3 ( No. 103 ), V8 3352, SR 166.609, là 3241;
( cf. Pañ cari tra 1.14, 97 y S, IS 3497
432. t. Tibet (NM T) 4.14 ; aa. IS 338.
433. Cf. BhS 114 and Ksemendra's famayamítrkã 8.128.
434. cb. P ( Pts 1.143, PtsK 1.159 ; aa. SR 348.15, 1 • 3668. Cl
éiéupâlavadha 9.14.
435. cb. CR ( CRr 8.87; also CPS 271.12 ), or GP 1.115,65, or
P ( Pts 1.142, PtsK 1.158 )¡ aa. SR 348.14, IS 256.

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
Sanskrit Súbhásita-Saňigraha-a 147
436. cb. P ( PP 1.142, Pts 1.185, PtsK 1.199 ), or H (HJ 1.Ì30;

cf. HJ 1.94 ), or Skanda- purãna, Nsgarakhanda 193.6
( c£ 158.32 ); aa. SR 348.20, IS 1319.
437. cb. MBh(R) 13.38,25, or CŘ, Cv or CN( CRr 2.48, Cvr
7.8, CNF 41, CNI 1 172, CNT IV 12, CNP 1 13, CNM 12,
CNMN 12; also CP8 377.15 ), or GP 1.109,40, or P
( PP 1.106, Pts 1.137, PtsK 1.153 ), or VCsr VI 10,
or BhŠ 571; aa. ¡ŠP 1498, SR 154.60, SRHt 78.7, VP 9.86,
IS 3547.
438. this maxim is often repeated in Sanskrit, but its author
is not known; aa. SR 349.55.
439. bd. CN ( CNr 75; cf. CNP I 263 ), or H (HJ 1.127 ), or
Padma-purãna, Srstikhaiida 54.21, or Yetãlapaâcavimsa-
tika Intr 1 and c£ 3.10; aa. fcR 162,408, Is 2217 < not
628 ). Cf. Mn 2.94, Bhãgavata purãna 7.19, 14.
441. b. Bhavisya-puršna, Brahmaparvan 4.182.
444. aa. YS 3342, SR 366.1.
448. b. Mn 2.215 (cf. 2.214 and 94 or CRC 7.9 (also CPS 188.
36 ), or GP 1.114,6, or Bhägavata-puräna 9. 19, 17,
or Bha visy a -pur fina, Brahmaparvan 4.184, or H (HJ
1.129; aa. iŠP 654, Vtì 2780, SR 154.45. Cf. MBh(R)
13.48, 37-8, B 1.2,3,23 and 33, 5p 1,2,7,3 and 7.11 and
1.1, 3,16, Šukra- ultisãrah 3.18.
449. aa. IS 1924.
450. cb. Matsya- purãna 28.5.
453. aa. Is 5730.
454. aa. IS 2599.
455. aa. VS 3249, SR 76.24.
456. cb. CRC 567, or CNP II 124; aa. CPS 136.8, fubh 287.
457. cb. Harivamsa 1644, or Vãyu-purãna 93.102, or P (PP 5.
63, Pts. 5.83, PtsK 5.15), oř BliŠ 504; aa. I? 2428.
458. aa. IS 3266.
459. aa. IS 5168. Cf. MBh R) 13.93,46.
460. aa. YS 3245, SR 76.21.
462. cb. MBh(Bh) 12.168,45, or 12.268,12, or MBh(R) 13.7,21-
2, or Harivamša 1643, or Bh*gavata- pur-aia 9.19,16, or
Skanda-pur na Kaumarikhanda 46.41, or Visnu-purana
4.10,12, or Vãyu- purãna 93.101; aa. Iá 5452.
463. cb. MBh Bh) 12.171,51, or 12.268,6 or Vãyu- purãna 93.
103; aa. :*amsk<)ra's bhãsya on Brhadaranyaka- upânisad
4.3,33, Yoga sù tra bhãsya on 2.42, ad Sšhityadarpana 93,
SB 76.16, IS 5017.

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
464. is not identical with MBh(Bh) 12.252, 2-3.

467. aa. d. P (PP 1.123, Pts 1.163 and 2.126, PtsK 1.179 and
2.126), CNG 240, CnT II 20.5, CnT III 53.3, VS 3353, IS
605, Subh 134.
468. a similar maxim a. CNB 114, H (HJ 1.192 , SE 64.8.
469. cb. H (HJ 1.195), aa. YS 3357, SR 64.10, IS 5735. Cf.
below 470.
470. cb. H (HJ 1.196) or P (Pts 1.401 and 2.116, PtsK 1.149
and 2.124 ; aa. CnT II 20.3, CnT III 53.1, VS 3356, SE 64.
9, 18 5160. Cf. Skanda- purana 185.15, ŠP 338. Stanzas
469 and 470 follow each other in MBh Bh) and HJ.
471. Cf. also MBh Bh) 11.2,3, MBh R) 12.27,29; 12.330,20; 14.
44, 19, E 2.105,16; 7.52,11, CRr 8.59, CNI I 186, CNG
329, CPS 245.70, Gobhila-Smrti (AnSS) 3.43, GP 1.115.60,
P (PT 2.165, PTem 2.147', Divyãdãna iCowell) p. 27, KSS
51.26-7, SE 372.167, SEHt 262.17, IS 6948.
476. aa. VS 2747, SE 145.130
477. aa. IS 853.
478. aa. SE 388.432, IS 2625.
482. b. H (HJ 4.75 ; aa. ¡ŠP 4139.
484. Cf. MBh(Bh) ad 12.168, 19; 461*, lines 13-5.
487. b. CV or CN (CVr 13.5, CNP 1 84, CNP II 275, CNG 252,
CNT IV 85; also CPS 311.15 , or GP 1.113, 58; aa. 8E 390.
519, IS 5401.
490. cb. MBh (Bh) 12.28,36, or E- m«yana 2.105,26, orCE(CEr
"N"; also CPs 151.47', or H HJ 4.73 ¡ aa. VS 3287. SEHt
263.17, "'amskrtapàthokãraka 57, I S 5093.
492. cb. MBh Bh) 11.2,12; 12.28,38, or 18.5,47.
493. cb. H (HJ 4.76 1; aa. IS 3613.
495. cb. MBh Bhi 12.168,7; aa. IS 3474.
496. cb. MBh(Bh) 11,26,4. Cf. MBh(Bh) 12.16,10.
497. cb. MBh(Bh) 11.2,17, or MBh(E) 12.205,2 (not found in
the MBh Bh) ed.); aa. SE 393.656, IS 4627.
501. b. MBh Bh) 11.1,32.
502. aa. IS 7068.
503. cb. P PS 2.58); aa. SE 382.222, IS 7079.
505. a. IS 7Ó85. C£ Vet lapaficavim.-atikã 16 (p. 175; 45.32-6 ; it
is also found in a different form in Šit (OJ) 76 (see below).
508-9. aa. IS 4817-8; both these stanzas should be read
together.

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
Sanskrit Subhãaita-Saihgraha-s 149
512. cb. MBhíBh) 11.2, 13, or 18. 5, 48, or CN (CNŠC 103,

CNŠ1 103, CNŠ 101, CNSL 89; also CPS 355.44' or H
(HJ 1.2 1; aa. SR 162.431, IS 6525; t.d. Pâli (DhN(P;343a).
517. aa. IS 6342.
II. THE ŠLO KANT ARA
1. Cf. SS(OJ ) 136 (see above).
3. Similar thoughts are expressed in G. 5.20, Vi 93.1-4.
7. Cf. MBh Bh> 12.156, 24, SR 387.390; t. OJ (TKt.OJ)63'
9. Cf. SS. OJ ) 390 (see above).
10. Cf. SS(OJ. 38 (see above).
16. b. CN or Cv (CNI I 144, CvS 8.11, CvL I. 8.20 CvL
II 8.14 ).
20. Cf. CR, CS or CN (CRr 5.3, CSr 1.54, CNr 100; also CPS
108. 3 ' GP 1.112, 4, SR 142. 19, SRHt 142.2. Cf.
RN P)10.
23. Cf. CY, Cv, CS, CR or CN ( CVr 1. 15, Cvr 1. 16, CSr
3. 48, CRr 2. 21, CNr 25 ; an. CnT II 2. 5, CnT III 1. 17,
CnT VI 18 ; also CPS 23. 61 ), GP 1. 109, 14, PP 1. 52, H
( H J 1. 18 ), YCsr VII 8, VCjr VII 1, Sts 20. 9 10, VP 9.
3, SKDr ad nakhin, ad Uii^disütra 4. 138 ; t. Pàli,
Tibetan, OJ ( DhN ( P ) 239, SN ( P ) 52, NM ( T ) 5. 9, TK
( OJ ) 16 and 76, NS ( OJ ) 132 ). ).
24. cb. Cv, CN, CL or CR ( Cvr 3. 2, CNr 5, CLP IV 7. 5,
CLH 8. 6, CRT 8. 44 ) ; t. Pali, Burmese, Tibetan ( LN
( P ) 36, DhN ( P ) 17, NKy ( B ) 54, ShD ( T ) 227
26. cb. Cv, CS, CN or CR ( Cvr 1. 17, CSr 2. 62, CNr 14, CRC
3. 7, CRT 3. 5 ), or GP 1. 110, 8, or Brahmavaivarta-
purana 2. 56, 22 ; a. OJ ( T ( OJ ) 50, NS ( OS ) 39 ).
30. b. a Mn " lost " text ; ascribed to Mn 8. 102 bis in Smrti-
candrikã, Vyavahãrakhanda ( Gharpure's ed. ) 88. 28,
Vyavah racintãmaiii ( L. Rocher's ed. ) 387, Sarasvatî-
vila sa, Vyavahãrakhanda 157. 4 5, Vyavahãrakalpataru 55
( MS in Dh 1. 269 >, Vyavahãrasaukhya 52 ) MS in Dh 1.
269 ), Vyavah raprakaša 58 ( MS in Dh 1. 269 ).
32. Cf. also CR, CS ( CRr 8. 46, CSr 2. 14 ; also CPS 233. 36 >.
34. cb. CS, or CN ( CSr 3. 27, CNW 71, CNPN 62, CNP II
198, CNI I 119, CNG 92, CNM 188, CNL 60 ); t. Tibet
( NM ( T ) 5. 5 ).
35. Cf. SS ( OJ ) 361 • see above ).

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
38. cb. CR, Cv or CN ( CRr 8. 75, CvTb 4. 20, CNP II 126,

CNI I 53, CNT IV 97 ; also CPS 276. 16 ), or P ( PP 1.
30, PtsK 1. 51 ), or BhS 804 ; aa. SRHt 237. 17.
40. cb. CR, Cv, CS, CN (CRr 2. 10, Cvr 4. 14, CSr 1. 75, CNF
67, CNG 81, CNPh 34, CNI I 93 and 269, CNI II 44 ; an.
CnT II 6. 9, CnT III 4. 16, CnT VI 71 ; also CPS 38. 36 );
t. Pâli and Burmese ( LN( P ) 89, DhN ( P ) 86, NKy ( B )
118 ).
44. cb. d. CN ( CNP I 47, CNP II 71, CNI I 310, CNT IV
46, CNM 46, CNMN 44 ).
45. C£ CR ( CRr 8. 108 ; also CPS 276. 13 ).
46. probably b. CS ( CSr 2. 64 ).
48. cb. Cv, CR, CS, CN ( Cvr 3.1, CRr 7. 61, CSr 1. 21, CNr
9 ; also CPS 192. 49 ), or GP 1. 114, 59.
49. cb. Cv, CR, CS, CN ( Cvr 2. 17, CSr 1. 22, CNr 10, CRT
8. 45 ; also CPS 28. 11 ).
51. b. CR, CN ( CRr 1. 19, CNF 43, CNN 45, CNPh 91, CNI
1 133, CNG 13, CNT IV 154, CNM 132, CNMN 118 ), or
GP 1. 108, 14, or BhS 598, or H ( HJ 3. 101 mentioned in
Šit (OJ) ) ; aa. VS 2705, SRK 231. 8, SRHt 192. 54 ; t. Pali
and Burmese (LN) (P) 79, DhN (P) 107, NKy ( B ) 109 ).
52. cb. CS, Cv CN ( CSr 1. 18, Cvr 7, 12, CNPN 8, CNW 25,
CNG 99, CNI I 6, CNN 63, CNSK 16 ) or VCsr 4. 2.
53. cb. Cv, CN ( CvL I 8.26, CvL II 8.20, CNN 27, CNG 33 ).
59. cb. CN, CS (CNr 96, CSr 1.15); t. Tibet (ShD(T;10 ).
61. Cf. CN ( CNW 65; an. CnT II 30.10, CnT VII 97 ), VCbr
II 19, Vänaryastaka 2, Sadratna 1, HS ad 110.18, Subh
101 and 136, IS 6443, SR 176.962. Cf. Vtì 2926.
62. cb. d. CR ( CRr 2.50; also CPS 49.61 ), or GP 1.109, 42; t.
Pâli, Tibetan and Mongolian ( LN(P) 35, DhN(P) 352,
SRN(T) 29.
68. cb. CL, CS, Cv, CN, or CR ( CLr 7.13, CSr 1.37, CvL II
3.13, CNP I 99, CNP II 128, CNT IV 102, CNM 99,
CNMN 73, CRT 8.54 ) ; an. CnT II 5.5, CnT III 3.17,
CnT VI 55, CnT V 32 ; also ( CPS 315,26 ), t. Tibet
( ShD(T)235 ).
73. cb. CR, CN ( CRr 8.128, CNPh 48; also CPS 325.21 ).
75. probably b. CNP II 22. Cf. Mahänätaka 252,

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
Sanskrit Subhâaita-Saiïiqrahas 151
76. C£ SS(OJ) 505 ( see above ). Cf. CK, CS and CN (CB

6.51, CSr 2.48, CNP II 49; also CPS 153.52), GP 1.113,61,
MBh(R) 12.174,20 where <xß are identical with fŠlt(OJ) and
SSvOJ).
80. cb. Cv, CR, CN ( Cvr 4.6, CRr 5.2, CNŠK 82; an. CnT II
5.12, CnT III 4.7, CnT VI 62; also (CPS 109.2; cf. CSr
I.71 ), or GP 1.112, 3; t. Tibet (NM(T)4.20 j.
81. cb. CR, CN (CRr 8.77, CNP 1 15, CNPh 95, CNPN 38,
CNI I 213, CNG 266, CNM 14, CNMN 14; an. CnT II
II.8, CnT III 7.3, CnT V 52; also CPS 50.2 ) or GP
1.115,24.
82. cb. CR, CN ( CRr 2.59, CNG 259; an. CnT II 27.8; also
CPS 46.56 or P ( PP 1.21, Pts 1.44, PtsK 1.50 ), or GP
1.109, 52, or H (HJ 2.47 ), or Vetnlapañcavimsatika 1.8;
the Mn stanza is also mentioned in Goutama-dharma-
sûtra with Maskari-bhäsya 186.12 3, G, Mitâksara,
Haradatta ( 5nSS ) 11.23, Par&éara-dharma-samhitâ 3.1;
55.12, Smrticandrikä ( Ghärpure's ed. ) 49.17, Âparãrka
ad Y 620.21-2, Sarasvatïvilâsa 104. 8 9, Vïramitrodaya,
Vyavahsraprakâáa 71. 13 4, Vyavahsram&trkä 313.11-2,
Vyavahâraniruaya 70.2-4, Vyavahârsrthasamuccaya 24
( MS in Dh ), Vyavahsraprakséa 21, 31 ( MS in Dh '
Vyavahirakalpataruh, Prajñapathasthala 32 ( MS in
Dh), Vyavahãrasaukhyam 31 ( MS in Dh ), Vivsdavyava-
hîra 10 ( MS in Dh >, Govinarãjiyã ( Mandlik's ed. ),
Smrticint smani 41 and 42, Nitivâkyãmrta 10.27; 117.10.1;
aa. V S 2803, ŠR 147.226, IS 848. Similar thoughts are
expressed in Y 2.13 5, N 1.193 6 and Parisista 10 1,
Brhaspati- smrti 5.43 «ß, Kãtyãyana-smrti 386, áañkha-
likhita in Vïramitrodaya, Vy avahara prakäsa 124.13,
V yavahãracint 3 mani 399-400. Cf. Rsmãyana inVyava-
haradatta 51.
III. THE N IT I Š ÄST RA OF MASÜRÄKSA

1.1. Cf. CNr, Avatarauikã 1.
1.9. Cf. CRC 5. 8, CNI I 75, CNG 141.
2.3-4. Contain thoughts very often found in Sanskrit sources
but their authorship is not known,

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
2.6. b. CV, CE, CN ( CVr 5. 3, CRr 8. 42, CNP II 185, CNI

• I 189, CNG 177, CNT IV 250 ; an. CnT II 17. 11, CnT
III 7b 20 and 5. 35 ; also CPS 121. 36 ), or MBh ( Bh )
12. 138, 33 and App. I to I ; No. 81*, lines 165-6, or
GP 1. 115, 45, or P ( PP 1. 170, PD 307. 109 10 ), or H
( HJ 1. 58 and 4. 17 ), or Vetálapañcavimáatika 11. 7
( 203 ); aa. SP 1306, VS 2755, SB 585, SR 164. 500, IS
2550 and 4593 ; t. Tibet ( ShD( T ) 89 ).
2.8. b. CS, CV, Cv, CN ( CSr 2. 21, CVr 6. 14, Cvr 5. 3, CNr
64 ; an. CnT II 7. 3, CnT III 5. 3, CnT VI 77, CnT VII
32 ; also CPS 173. 106 ) ; aa, SR 162. 397, IS 7041 ; t. Pâli
( RN( P ) 48 Ì.
2.9. b. CS, CV, Cv, CN ( CSr 2. 22, CVr 6. 15, Cvr 5. 4, CNr 65;
an. CnT II 7. 4, CnT III 5. 4, CnT VI 78, CnT VII 33 ;
also CPS 173. 107 ) ; aa. ,SR 162. 398, 13 4262 ; t. Pali (RN
( P )49 ).
34 ; also CPS 173. 108) ; aa. SR 162. 399 ; IS 6950 ; t. Pali
( RN( P ) 50 ).
70 d. ; an. CnT II T. 6, CnT III 5. 6, CnT VI 80, CnT
VII 35 ; also CPS 174. 109); aa. IS 5510 ; cf. SR 162. 403;
t. Pàli ( RNv P ) 51 v.
69 ; an. CnT II 7. 7, CnT III 5. 7, CnT VI 81,, CnT VII
36 ; also CPá 174. 110 ) ; aa. SR 162. 404, IS 2183 ; t. Pali
( RN P) 52 ).
2.13. b. CS, CV, Cv, CN ( CSr 2. 26, CVr 6. 19, Cvr 5. 8,. CNr
37 ; also CPS 174. Ill ) ; aa. ŠKDr ad bahvãsí, SR 162.
402, IS 4427 , t. Pali- ( RN(P. 53 ).
2.14. b. CS, CV, Cv, CN ( C r 2. 27, CVr 6. 20, Cvr 5. 9, CNr
38 ; also CPS 175. 112 ; aa. SR 162. 400, 'Is €94 ; t. Pàli
( RN( F) -54 ).
2.15. b. CS ( CSr 2.28 ) ; t. Pâli ( RN( P ) 55 ).

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
Sanskrit Subhãçita-Samgraha-s 153
3.1. i. MBh ( Bh ) 12. 138, 10, or MBh ( R ) 1. 142, 21, or CR,

CS or ON ( CRr 5. 28, C r 2. 10, CNI I 127 «/3 ) ; cf. P
( PP 3. 123, PfcsK 3. 247 and 252, PRE 3. 93, PT 3. 94,
PTem 3. 1( 7, PS 3. 56 ), and H ( HJ 4. 65 ); aa. d. VS
2754, SR 155. 89, IS 6013 ; t. d. Pâli, Burmese, Tibetan
and Mongolian ( LN( P ) 86, DhN ( P ) 212, RN ( P ) 104,
NKy (B) 115, cf. SRN ( T ) 186 ). -
3.3. b. MBh ( Bh ) 12. 138, 58, or ON or CS ( CNr 38, Csr 3.
58 ; cf. CRr 8. 45 ; also CP.S 364. 36 ) ; cf. P ( PRE 3. 99,
PP 3. 219, Pts 3. 178, PT 3. 114, PS 3. 69, PN 3. 59 ; aa,
IS 1333 ; t. Pali and Burmese ( LN( P ) 87, DhN( P ) 234,
NKy( B ) 116 ).
3.4. b. CV or CN ( CVr 17. 2, CNP II 206, CNI I 123, CNG
175, CNT IV 231, CNM 54 ; an. CnT II 25. 9 ; also CPS
336. 13 , or P ( PP 5. 64, Pts 5. 84, PtsK 5. 70 ), or Vetâ-
lapañcavimáatiká 25. 1 ; cf. Šts 86. 4 ) ; aa. SR 165. 546,
IS 1874.
3.5. b. MBh ( Bh ) 5. 37, 17, or ad MBh ( Bh ) 1. 146, 26 ;

1614#, lines 1-2, or Mn. 7. 213 ( also quoted in Virami-
trodaya, R jamtiprakãéa 413. 2-3, Rãjanitiratnãkara
31. 16 -7, Krtyakalpataru of Bhatta LakBmidhara, Räja-
dharmakhanda 142. 12, Dh 3. 1978 ' or CV, Cv, CN or
CR ( CVr 1. 6, Cvr 1.6, CRr 2. 1, CNr 27 ; also CPS 19.
51 ), or GP 1. 109, 1, or P ( Pts 1. 356 and 3. 86 ' or H
( HJ 1. 43 ' or VC ( VCsr 12. 1, VCjr 20. 1 ), or Sto 321.
12-3, or Vetãlapancavimáatikã 19. 16 ; aa. Haläyudha's
Dharmaviveka 14, Bhojaprabandha] " 198, SR 161. 348,
IS 958. " ■
3.6. b. CV, Cv, CR, CS or CN
C?r 3. 61, CNr 16 ) ; an. C
VI 26 ; also CPS 25. 4 ), o
284, PM 1. 78 ), or H ( HJ
1, Sürya's Süktiratnäkara
ŠKDr ad parólese and mit
darsana 83, Subh 226, TP
54 ; t. PJi and Burmese (
(B)110).
20 [ Annals, B. O. R. I. ]

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
154 AitmaU of the Bhandarhar Oriental Research Institute
3.7. b. CV, Cv, CR or CN ( CVr 6. 11, Cvr 5. 1, CRr 2. 16,

CNr 31 ; an. CnT II 8. 5, CnT III 6. 1, CnT VI 91 ; also
CPS 172. 105 ), or GP 1. 109, 10, or P ( PS 1. 26 ; c£ PP
4. 61, Pts 4. 109 and 114 ), or H ( HJ 4. 108 ) ; aa. SR
155. 97, IS 5860 ; t. d. Pali and Burmese ( LN( P ) 78,
DhN ( P ) 98, NKy ( B ) 108 ). Cf. MBh ( R ) 1. 142. 48-
9 ; 3. 194, 7 and 5. 38. 73-4, Navaratna 1 ( also Ceylo-
nese Navaratnaya 3 ).
3.9. ci. KN 9.50, or P (PP 3.5, Pts 3.8, PtsK 3.7).
3.10-11. probably i. some arthaáãsta texts.
3.12. b. MBh(Bh) 5.35,49 or Rãmayana 7.59^,33, or CR or CN
( CRr 8.53, CNG 330 ), or GP 1.115, 52, or BhŠ 568,
or H (HJ 3.64); aa. some nibandha s ( Maskari Bhssya to
G 220.1-2, Parâéara- dharma- samhits 3.1; 35.13, Smrti-
candrikà 23.14-5, Aparärka ) Prabandhacintãmani 2.129,
Alañkara-kaustubha (KM 66) 385.6-7, ŠP 1344, SR 174.
884, SRHt 200.152, VP 9.108, IS 3483. Cf. KSS 14.106,
168.
3.13. probably i. some arthaèatra texts.

3.14. b. CY, Cv, CR or CN (CVr 7.12, Cvr 6.5, CRr 7.46, ÇNI
I 50, CNG 153; an. CnT II 8.8, CnT III 6.4, CnT VI 94;
also CPS 203.73), or GP 1.114,50; aa. VS 2758, IS 3564,
Subh 190.
3.15. probably i. some arthašfistra texts.
3.16. this maxim is the only one attributed to Masùraksa (VS
2935 ■; however, b. P (PP 3.35, Pts 3.43, PtsK 3.40, or
Prabandhacintamaui 1.25; aa. IS 5179.
3.19. «ß.b. CR (CRr 7.43o«# also CPS 211.98), or P (PRE 3.1,
PT 3.1, PS 3.1, PP 3.1, PN 3.1, Pts 3.1, PtsK 3.1); aa. IS
3428; t. d. Tibet (ShD(T)97).
4.2. o</3 and 4.4yS from one maxim ; in this form b. CR, Cv or
CN ( CRr 5.39, Cvr 6.15 ; in CN&K 75yi=NM T) 4.2<*/3).
or GP 1.113, 8, or H (HJ 2.9) ; aa. in this from in ŠP 650,
VS 2684, SR 154.43, IS 115. C£ SN(P) 60 ) 4.4 yS aa. CV,
Cv, CS, CN and CR (CVr 2.13yS, Cvr 2.16yS, CSr 1.33yS,
CNG 96yi, CRT 8.43y& NM(T) 4.2yS 4.3 and 4,4*0 are
probably ..interpolations,

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
Sanskrit Subhãsita-Samgraha-8 155
4.8. b. MBh(Bh) 5.38,9, or App. I to I, No. 81.125-6, or 12.

136, 138, or Harivamga 1164, or CS, CR or CN ( CSr
3.47, CRr 7.42, CNPh 39, CNI I 102, CNG 87 ), or GP
1.114,47, or P ( PP 4.12, Pts 2.39 and 4.13, PtsK 2.43 and
4.14 ), or Šts 70.11; aa. IS 3433, VS 2734, Kavitã-
mrtaküpa 67.
4.9. is a maxim similar to the preceding one.
4.11. probably i. MBh(Bh) 5.37,53, CNG 151. Gi SS(OJ) 392,
SR^T) 167 and CRT 7.25.
4.14. aa. SS(OJ) 432. See above.
4.16. probably i. some arthaããstra texts.
4.17. b. CR, CV, Cv or CN (CRr 4.15, CVr 7.13, Cvr 6.6, CNŠK
74; an. CnT II 8.9, CnT III 6.5, CnT VI 95; also CPS
299.86); aa. SR 388.444, IS 5085.
4.t8. b.d. CL (CLr 5.1); aa. SR 167.648, IS 1635, Subh 138.
4.20. b. CR, CV, Cv or CN (CRr 5.2, CVr 5.2, Cvr 4.6, CNŠK
82; an. CnT II 5.12, CnT III 4.7, CnT VI 62; also CPS
109.2), or GP 1.112, 3; aa. SR 175, 9l4, IS 5104, Subh
157. t. O J (ált OJ )80, NŠ(OJ)3.5).
5.1. deals with a subject very often found in arthasôstra-s
viz. gener.,1 qualifications of kings officials ; this stanza
fits better in the seventh adhyãya than in the fifth
5.2. adhyãya . contains a. well- known thought often repeated
in Sanskrit mtfi-literature; probably i. MBh(Bhi f2.86,32,
or KN 5.90.
5.5 b. d. OS or CN ( CSr 3.27, CNW 71, CNPN 62 CNP II
198, CNI 1 119, CNG 92, CNM 188, CNL 60; an. CnT II
15.9, CnT III 7.81, CnT V 122 ); 8ß 390.516, IS 4882,
«ubh 166, TP 445 ; t. OJ (¡Šlt(OJ)34).
5 9. b. CR, CV, CS or CN (CRr 2.21, CV 1.15, Cvr 1.16, CSr
3.48, CNr 25 ; an. CnT II 2.5, CnT III 1.17, CnT VI 18;
also CPS 23.61»; or GP 1.109, 14, or P (PP 1.52), or H (HJ
1. 8>, or VC (VCsr VII 8, VCjr VII 1), or Sts 20.9-10; aa.
Ujjvaladatta's commentary on Unädisütra 4.138, SKDr
ad nakhin , SR 154.79, VP 9.3, IS 3214; t. OJ, probably
through P, (TK(OJ)16 and 76, NS OJ.) 13.2, (Šit OJ »23)
and Pâli (DhN(P)239, SN(P)52>.
5.10. b. CV, Cv, C^, CR or CN (CVr 14.12, Cvr 5.19, CSr 3.94,
CRr "S", CNN 65, CNP II 144, CNI 1 112, CNT IV 117,

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
CNM 114, CNMN 8i; also CPS 188.31 and 320.10), or

GP 1.114,13; aa. I 64, Subh 98; t. Pâli and Burmese (LN
(P)125, DhN(P, 209, NKy (B153).
5.12. and 13. contain thoughts often found among Sanskrit
maxims.
5.16. i. MBh(R) 11.2,35; aa. IS 923.
6.1. probably i. some arthaáãstra texts (cf. KN).
6.2. could not be found, as suggested by S. Pathak, In SR.
6.5. b. YC (VCsr 8. 1 , VCjr 8.2 ; aa. SR 383.268; in not found,
as suggested by S. Pathak, in IS 839.
6.6. probably i. some arthaáãstra text.
6.7. b. MBh(Bh) 12.8,21, or Rñmsyana 6.83,35, RG 6.62,32)
or CY, Cv, CR or CN (CVr 7.15, Cvr 6.8, CRr 4.12, CNP
I 51, CNP II 76, CNI I 67, CNG 238, CNT IY 50; an.
CnT II 10.11, CnT III 7.21, CnT V 35, CnT 1 19; also
CPS 172.103), or GP 1.117,17, or P( PRE 2.31, PTem 2.52,
Pts 1.3, Pá 2.31, PN 1.28), or H (HJ 1.134), or VCsr 12.5,
Šukasaptati ¡Sts 25.11-26.1, Sto 325.34-5); aa. VŠ 2816,
SR 65.5, ŠKDr ad mitra, IS 5409, Subh 18g; t. Tibetan,
Mongolian, Pali and Burmese (SRN(T)49, LN(P) 167,
NKyvB 211 ). Cf. Ksemendra's Brhatkathãmanjari 16.
442.
6.8. • b. CR, CV or Cv ( CRr 4.14,' CVr 15.5, Cvr 6.9; an. CnT
I 44; also CPá 307,2 ), or GP 1.111,18; aa. SR 64.10, IS
2622; t. Pali and Burmese ( LN^P) 81, DhN P) 75, NKy
(B) 111 ). C£ P ( PRE 2.33, PT 2.54, PP 2.106 ).
6.9. b. CR ( CRr 2.13; also CPS 30.17 ), or GP 1.109,7.
6.10-1. probably i. some arthaáãstra texts.
6.12. b. CR or CN ( CRr 3.15, CNr 17; also CPS 62.33 ), or GP
1.110, 19, or P ( PP 2.27 and 4.13, PT 2.29, PTem 2.29,
Pts 2.32 and 4.14, PRE 2.19, PS 2.19, PN l.i7),orH
(HJ 2.147); aa. Vá 2757, SR 161.345, SRHt 155.3
( ascribed to Kämandaki ), IS 6656; t. Pâli and Burmese
( LN(P) 85, NKyiB) 110 second part ). Cf. MBh'R) 12.
140,30, MBh(R) 1.142, 81-2.
6.13. b. d. CR or CS ( CRr 7.44, CSr 1.8; also CPS 2 10.90 ), or
GP 1.114,48; aa. IS 6293. Cf. MBh(R) 1. » 42, 73-4, MBh(R)
12.140,37, H J 4.1, CNG 152 ),

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Sanskrit Subhäsita-Samyrahas 157
6.14. i. Mn 8.335, or MBh(R) 12.121, 60; aa. ŠP 1347, VS 2829.
6.15. b. MBhvBh) 12.1 -.8, 65 or o.29, 30, or CS or CR ( CSr 3.40,

CRC 7.56, CRT 7.27 also CPS 211.91 ); Cf. GP 1.114, 49; t.
Pali ( DhN(P)6l ).
6.16 to 18. b. CR ( CRr 5.21 to %' ), or GP 1.112, 17 to 19; the first
maxim aa. CNPh 108, CNP II 197, CNI I 257, CNG 83,
CNT IV 232, CnT II 6.12, CnT III 4.19, CnT VI 74,
CnT VII 43, CPS 116.23, P ( Pts 1.248, PtsK 1.278 ), SR
146.156, ŠP 1.167, IS 2584, VP 9.114; the second and third
maxims aa. CPS 117.24 and 110.6 respectively ; the
second stanza was also freely t. Pâli ( DhN(P) 306-7,
RNiP. 96-7 ).
6.19. contains thoughts often found in Sanskrit maxims.
(5.20. translation missing; renumber translation 20 to 25 into
21 to 26; and text 24 and 25 into 25 and 26.
6.21. b. d. CR, CN or CS ( CRr ?.S0, CNG 282, CSBD 200,

CSJ 3.7; also CPS 58.8 ); aa. IS 7546.
6.25. aa. VS 788, SR 241.146.
7.1. b. CR ( CRr 4.1; [ cf. CSr 1.64, Cvr 4.7 ; also CPS 83.1 )
or GP 1.111,1; t. Pali ( RN(P) 2 ).
7.2. deals with kings and their qualities and was undoubtedly
influenced by dharmaésstra s and arthaáãstra-s, although
the wording is different from the sources known to me.
7.3 to 7.18 deal with king's officials; they were also undoubtedly
influenced by dharmašastra-s and arthaàftstra-s. ( Cf.
MBh(R) 1.100,12,85, Mn 7.63-4, Matsya-purâna 215.8-13,
Agni-pursna 220.1 sqq., Visnudharmottara 2.24,4-?,
Kautilya's Arthaáastra I 15, II 33, Msnolhsa 2.2, 90 2,
KN 12.2, 18.27-43 )
7.7. t. Pâli ( RN or (P) 96 ).

7.8. b. CN, CS, or Cv ( CNr 104, CSr 1.63, CvP IV 4.9, CvP
V 4.9, CvTb 4.12; an. CnT II f.6 and 26.3, CnT III 4.13,
CnT VI 68, CnT VII 27 ); aa. SR 144.69, Samskytapfitho-
käraka 65, Subh 1 36, IS 4976. Cf. RN^Py 13.

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00
i 58 Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research institute
7.9. b. ON, CS, or Cv ( CNr 99, CSr 1.52, Cvr 4.8, CRr
5.13; an. CnT II 6.2, CnT III 4.9, CnT V 64, CnT I 25Í
also CPS 113.13), or GP 1.112,12; aa. ŠP 1333, SR
142.18, SRHt 98.4, Subh 300, IS 6269, Cf. RN^P) 20.
7.10. b. CN or CS ( CNr 102, CSr 1.59; aa. SR 144.75, Sam-
skrtapàthokfiraka 55, IS 6654. Cf. RN(P) 14.
7.13. b. CN, CS, Cv or CR ( CNr 101, CSr 1.57, Cvr 4.11;
CRr 5.11; an. CoT II 6.5, CnT III 4.12, CnT VI 67,
CnT VIII 30; also CPS 112.11 ' or GP 1.112,11; aa. SR
142.20, SRHt 136.7, Subh 91, IS 999; t. Pàli (RN(P)18.).
7.14. i. CN, CS or CR ( CNr 106, CSr 1.60, CRr 5.5; also CPS
110.4 ), or GP 1.112,6; aa. ŠP 1337, SR 144.76, Subh 299,
gamskrtapãthoksraka 53, IS 1089; t. Pali (RN (P) 12).
7.15. i. CN, CS or Cv (CNr 1 03, CSr 1.62, Cvr 4.13; an.
CnT II 6.8, CnT III 4.15, CnT VI 70 ), or GP 1.112, 9;
aa. Samskrtapâthokâraka 55, IS 6841.
7.16. b. CN, CS, Cv or CR (CNr 105, CSr 1.58, Cvr 4.10,
CRr 5.10; an. CnT II 6.4, CnT III 4.11, CnT VI 66, CnT
VIII 29; also CPS 112.40 ), or GP 1.112, 10; aa. SR
114.77, ŠKDr ad pãeakah, IS 4111. Cf. RN(P)i7.
7.18. Contains thoughts often found in the arthasãstra s.

78.23.8.206 on Sun, 31 Dec 2023 05:51:18 +00:00

Sanskrit Subhāṣita Saṃgraha-S in Old-Javanese and Tibetan (Ludwik Sternbach)

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Sanskrit Subhāṣita Saṃgraha-S in Old-Javanese and Tibetan (Ludwik Sternbach)

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SANSKRIT SUBHĀṢITA SAṀGRAHA-S IN OLD-JAVANESE AND TIBETAN

Author(s): Ludwik Sternbach

Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41694168

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OLD-JAVANESE AND TIBETAN

1. Indian writers have mastered the art of didactic and

A great number of such Subhssita-samgraha-s was composed;

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The Subhãsita-samgraha-s had so much popular appeal that,

These three Subhãsita-samgraha-s have two things in com-

A. THE TWO OLD-JAVANESE

3. In 1934, Himansu Bhusan Sarkar wrote3 that the "mighty

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of works belonging to the witfi-literature "has thought to expound

1. THE SÃRASAMUCCAYA ( TÜTUR )

Later, H. H. Juynboll devoted an article entitled Eene Oud-

As C. Hooykaas already pointed out, H. H. Juynboll "in those

1 Voorlooping Verslag van het eiland Bali in Verhandlingen van het

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recast in the Balinese language in metrical form, nor could he

Professor C. Hooykaas, who concentraced on the OJ exegesis,

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C. Hooykaas felt that H. H. Juynboll has not overestimated

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the Šárangadharapaddhatih ( 24 ), the Sùktiratnahfirah ( 9 ) and

7. The original author of the SS( OJ ) built his Subhäsita-

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ïraiiyakaparvan ( 3. 246, 24 ) ; stanzas 216 and 217 of SS( OJ )

8. The analysis of the texts shows that some stanzas af SS

A similar example can be found with maxim 487 of SS OJ);

ya8ya sneho bhayam tasya sneho duhkasya bhãjanam ,

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It is also possible that other stanzas which appear in MBh.

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IL The SS( OJ ) contains some aphorisms which originated

1 Cf. St. Matthew, ch. 7, v. 3.

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1 SS(OJ) 18 = MBh(Bh) 5.122,18 = Javanese text, Juynboll p. 266. The

SS(OJ) 49 MBh(Bh) 5.33,30 = Javanese text, Juynboll p. 231, The

SS(OJ) 105 ¡¿ß = MBh(Bh) 5,70,60 Ä ß » Javanese text, Juynboll p. 247.

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14. The importance of the SS( OJ ) lays also in the possibility

For instance maxim 136 of SS( O J ) contains a stanza which

16. The Šit; OJ ) is another Subhãsita-samgraha in OJ. It

( Continued from the previous page )

SS(OJ) 312 = MBh(Bh) 5.33,26 Kß = Javanese text, Juynboll p. 228.

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preparation of íhe ŠS* OJ ). ált( OJ ) was published in the Dvl-

17- In the preface, Šltv OJ ) is characterised as " an impor-

* Introduction p. 5. 8 Cf. par. 14 above.

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a stanza which in some nibandha-a is attributed to Mn, although

13SvOJ) 38=Šlt(OJ) 10. Both have different readings ;

SS(OJ) 390=ált(0j) 9. As usual, the SSvO J) maxim is nearer

B. THE TIBETAN SUBHÏSITA-SAMGRAHA

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Körös in Analysis of Kanjur in Asiatick Researches , vol. 20 of

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i NM(T) p. iL 2 NM(T) p. iii 8 See above para &

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maxims deal with good qualities which should be learned by

25. It seems that the various collections of Cänakya's ma-