221TCHOO HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT CATEGORY LTPCREDIT

PROGRAM CORE 1 3o 0 3

Preamble: The subject aims to impart students with knowledge and skill for hazard identification
and evaluation, modelling fire, explosion and toxic gas release and layer of protection analysis.

Pre-requisites- Nil

Course Outcomes:

After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO I | Determine the individual and societal risk of hazardous chemical installations.

CO 2 Describe the various basic hazard analysis techniques such as Fault tree- event tree analysis,
HAZOP and FMECA ABDU KALAM
CO 3 Describe the various advanced hazard analysis techniques such as Bow-tie analysis, barier

CO 4
management and QRA INIVEDCI
Develop the model for fire, explosion & toxic gas release.

Co5 |Describe and implement the layer of protection analysis

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO
7
CO T
CO 2
CO 3
CO 4
CO 5

Assessment Pattern

Bloom's Category End Semester Examination

Apply 70%

|Analyse 20%

Evaluate 10%

Create

Mark distribution

TotalMarks CIE ESE ESE Duration

100 40 60 2.5hours

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 Components Failure rate (faults/year)
Level troll1 0.15
LCV 0.12
LevelSwitch-1 0.14
Alarmlight 0.044
Level Switch-2 0.14
Solenoid valve 0.42

Conduct a Fault Tree Analysis and find the probability of happening the top event of
explosion of the compressor piston.

Solenoid Valve
-LS-2H
el troll
Fend- Separator
Compresssor
(
Alarm Liquid out

LCV

9. Explain in detail the steps of Quantitative Risk Asaessment

10. Discuss the assumptions taken for developing the Gaussian Dispersion Model. What are
the advantages and limitations ofthis model?
11. List and comment on five examples of Safeguards which are usually considered as IPLs
for LOPA
2014
12. What are Passive IPLs and Active IPLS? Explain with examples

****

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 Syllabus:
221TCHO01: HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Module-1: Risk estimation and reduction (8 hrs.)
Hazard and risk, Risk estimation, Presentation and perception of risk, Individual risk and societal
risk, Risk estimation, Risk representations and Risk targets, Tolerability and acceptability, Risk
reduction methods
Module- 2: Basic hazard analysis techniques (8 hrs.)
Preliminary hazard analysis: Checklist, what-if analysis, Fault tree analysis- case studies, Event
tree analysis- case studies, HAZOP analysis- case studies, Failure modes, effects, and criticality
analysis (FMECA)- case studies, Reliability, Introduction to Availability and Maintainability
Study (RAMS)
Module-3: Advanced hazard analysis techniques (8 hrs.)
Hazard Identification, Bow- tie analysis, Barrier management, Quantitative Risk Assessment
Module- 4: Fire and Explosion (8 hrs.)
Modelling of fire, Explosion and toxic gas dispersion, Case studies, Detailed analysis and
application of these models, Safe distances between plant items, Software applications
Module-5: Layer of protection analysis (8 hrs.)
GICA
Implementation of LOPA, Benefits and limitations of LOPA, Estimation of consequence and
severity for LOPA analysis, developing scenario for LOPA, initiating event and their frequency,
Independent Protection Layer (1PL) and its characteristics, Risk decision using LOPA,
Introduction to Safety integrity level (SIL)

Reference Books:

.
Daniel
Hall.
A Crowl& Joseph FLouvar, Chemical Process Safety. Second Edition,
Prentice
2. Lees' Loss Prevention in Process Industries, 3 edition, Elsevier, 2005.
3. lan T. Cameron and Reghuraman, Process System Risk Management, Vol. 6, Elsevier
Academic press, 2005.
4. Safety in process plant design by G.L.Wels, John Wiley& Sons.
5. Guidelines for Evaluating the Characteristics of Vapor Cloud Explosions, Flash Fires, and
BLEVEs. cCPS/AIChE, 1994
Layer of Protection Analysis: Simpified process risk assessment. CCPS/AIChE, New
York, 2001.
7. Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis. 2nd Edition, CCPS/AIChE,
New York, 2000.
8. Guideline for Hazard Evaluation Procedures. 2nd edition, cCPS/AIChE, New York, 1992.
Trevor Kletz, Hazop and Hazan- Identifying and Assessing Process Industry Hazards, 4
Edition, Institution of Chemical Engineers, UK

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Course Plan:

221TCH001:HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT

No. of
No Topic
Lectures

LMODULE-1: RISK ESTIMATION AND REDUCTION:8 HRS.

1.1 Hazard and risk
1.2 Risk estimation
1.3 Presentationand perception of risk
1.4 Individualrisk and societalrisk
1.5 Risk estimation
1.6 Risk representations and Risk targets
1.7 Tolerability and acceptability
1.8 Risk reduction methods
2 MODULE-2:BASIC HAZARD ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES:8HRS.
2.1 Preliminaryhazard analysis: Checklist, what-if analysisA
2.2 Faulttreeanalysis-casestudiesHNOOGICA
2.3 Event tree analysis- case studies RS
2.4 HAZOPanalysis- case studies
2.5 Failuremodes,effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA)- casestudies
2.6 Reliability, Availability and Maintainability Study (RAMS)-introduction
3 MODULE.3: ADVANCED HAZARD ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES:8 HRS.
3.1 Hazard Identification
3.2 Bow- tie analysis
3.3 Barier management
3.4 Quantitative Risk Assessment
4 MODULE.4: FIRE AND EXPLOSION: 8 HRS,
4.1 Modelling of fire
4.2 Explosion and toxic gas dispersion
4.3 Case studies
4.4 Detailed analysisand application of these models
4.5 Safedistancesbetween plantitems
4.6 Software applications
5 MODULE-5: LAYER OFPROTECTION ANALYSIS:8HRS.
5.1 Implementation of LOPA
5.2 Benefits and limitations of LOPA
5.3 Estimation of consequence andseverity for LOPA analysis
5.4 Developingscenario for LOPA
5.5 Initiatingeventandtheirfrequency
5.6 Independent Protection Layer(IPL)and its characteristics
5.7 Risk decisionusing LOPA
5.8 Safetyintegrity level (SIL)-introduction

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Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern : 40 marks

Micro project/Course based project 20 marks

Course based task/Seminar/Quiz 10 marks

Test paper, I no. 10 marks

The project shal be done individually. Group projects not permitted. Test paper shall include
minimum 809% of the syllabus.

End Semester Examination Patter : 60 marks

Part A contain 5 numerical questions (such questions shall be use ful in the testing of
knowledge, skills, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation and
A
understanding of the students), with I question from each module, having 5 marks for each

question. Students shall answer all questions.ERSIT

Part B contains 7 questions (such questions shall be useful in the testing of overall
achievement and maturity of the students in a course, through long answer questions relating
to theoretical/practical knowledge. derivations, problem solving and quantitative evaluation),
with minimum one question from each module of which student shall answer any five. Each
question can carry 7 marks. Total duration ofthe examination will be 150 minutes.

Estd

2014

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 Model Question Paper
QP CODE: PAGES
Reg No: Name:
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
FIRST SEMESTER M. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH & YEAR
221TCHOO1: HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 150 minutes
PART A
Answer Al the Questions.
One question from each module, having 5 marks for each question.
(5x5 25)
1. Define and explain the terms 'Hazard and Risk'
2. Give the steps of failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis (EMECA)
3. Comment on Bow-tie
analysisHNOLOGICAL
4. Explain in detail the steps in pool fire modelling
5. How will you compare LOPA with Hazop and FTA?

PART B
Minimum one question from each module (Total seven questions)

Answer any five (5 x 7 =35)

6. Discuss in detail the concept of risk tolerability and acceptability.
7. Discuss in detail the influence of risk target setting and risk perception in risk assessment.
Esta
8. Liquid part available is the gaseous streams are important to remove before compression to
avoid explosion of the compressor piston. In normal working, the level is 50% and properly
controlled by the level control system (Components involved: Level troll to measure level
and LCV to control level by regulating the outlet liquid flowrate). In case of its failure, level
can increase. A high-level alarm is set to alarm at 60% level (Components involved: Level
switch-I and alarm light indicator). The operator can take remedial measures once the alarm
is received. In case of its failure, the level can further increase. So, a shutdown system is
designed to initiate shutdown of the plant by closing the solenoid valve in the feed line
when the level reaches 80% (Components involved: Level switch-2 and solenoid valve).

The failure rates of the components involved are tabulated below.

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