Motivation, Course Logistics and

Background
Prem Singh

International Institute of Information Technology

Bangalore

Mobile Computing (EC 309/NC 605)

Jan 2024

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Course Logistics
• Course name: EC 309/NC-605: Mobile Computing (5G-NR RAN Signaling)

• Perquisite: Digital Communication and Basic knowledge of computer network

• Timing and Venue: Monday, Tuesday, 11:15-12:45, R105. Lab session: Friday - 3:30 to 5 PM

• Course website: https://learn.iiitb.net/my/

ØCourses related announce will be posted here

Øslides/readings/Assignments etc will be posted here

ØDiscussion will be happenings here (use it actively and responsibly)

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Motivation

20
million
Jobs by
2035

§ Source: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/tmt/5g/global-economic-impact-5g.pdf

§ Pwc (pricewaterhousecoopers international limited) is the second-largest professional services network in

the world and is considered one of the Big Four accounting firms, along with Deloitte, EY and KPMG.
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Motivation (1)
§ 5G Software Development Engineer

§ 5G hardware engineer

§ 5G Firmware Engineer

§ 5G Modem System Test Engineer

§ 5G Technical Solutions Architect

§ 5G Network Engineer

§ 5G System Test Automation Engineer

§ 5G Open RAN design engineer

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Challenges
§ How to make students ready for these opportunities?

§ How to do Standard based/Translational research?

§ How to validate your 5G and beyond ideas?

§ How to align your work with industries?

§ Students usually have theoretical background in wireless communications systems,

v but negligible exposure on the use of this theory to design practical wireless systems.

§ Current jobs in the wireless industry require design of standards-based practical wireless systems.

§ Need to have knowledge of domain knowledge, especially for R&D and core jobs.

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Why this course?
§ To tap into these opportunities, one has to have

v Understanding of 3GPP standards

v Knowledge of embedded system design for 5G and beyond

v Hands on experience in 5G technologies

§ This course aims to bridge the gap between the theory and practise of 5G wireless communication systems,

§ and consequently also the gap between academia and industry.

§ This course offers a complete understanding of the 5G Radio Access Network (5G RAN) Signalling of protocols.

§ Underlying concepts of 5G transceivers will be taught in the class.

§ The students have to read the 3GPP 5G-NR standard documents to understand the transceiver specifications.
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Why this course? (1)
§ The students then design and implement a 5G compliant wireless system in MATLAB.

§ The course therefore involves a MATLAB coding component.

§ To understand challenges in 5G wireless embedded system design,

§ hands on experiment in end-to-end 5G-NR network.

§ The students will discuss possible evolutionary paths for the 5G standard with the help of term projects.

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Grading Policy
§ End Term: 20%, Mid Term: 15%, Quiz: 25% (7-8 Surprised quizzes – top 5 will be counted)

§ Lab: 20% (5% lab attendance + 5% lab reports + 10% lab exams)

§ Term Project: 20%

v Will be done in groups. Papers will be provided.

v There will be two presentations – before mid term and end term exams

v The students are expected to understand the paper and make a Latex report.

v We will provide a LaTex template; Many resources to learn LaTeX available online. Learn it now!

v Late submission will receive 10%/20%/30% penalty for 24/48/72 hour late submission, respectively.

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Reference Books
• Many excellent textbook but none required.
• Some of them include (list not exhaustive)

• Avoid using too many sources until you have developed a reasonable understanding of
a concept.
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 q Prem Singh (prem.singh@iiitb.ac.in), Webpage: www.iiitb.ac.in/faculty/prem-singh
1
q Interests: Embedded Systems & Transceiver Design for 5G & beyond wireless systems. 0
q Hardware and firmware Design, testing and integration for 5G Mobile Communication

q Prototype development for Beyond 5G Technologies

Instructor
q End-to-end low-cost testbed setup for B5G Technologies such as ORAN, mmWAve

q Setting up 3GPP compliant Private 5G Network and developing.

q Transceiver Design for 5G and Beyond Wireless Systems

v Orthogonal Time-Frequency space (OTFS), Cell-free Massive MIMO, mmWave,

v IRS and Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

q Machine Learning for Communication: Blind modulation classification

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Ongoing projects
S. No. Title Funding Agency Duration

1 5G Advanced ORAN Massive MIMO Base Station NM-ICPS under DST 2022-2025

2 A novel power-on pilot IC for ultra-low power wireless IoT device MEITY, Govt of India 2023-2026

3 Design and Development of New Prototype for RIS-aided NM-ICPS under DST 2022-2025
Communication

4 Low-complexity receivers and channel estimation schemes for 6G SERB, Govt of India 2022-2024
multi-user MIMO/massive MIMO-OTFS systems

5 Multi-Carrier Waveforms for IRS assisted Next-Generation SERB, Govt of India 2023-2026
Wireless Communication Systems.

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Project Team
S. No. Name Qualification Post

1 Irfan M. K. MS, IIT Bombay Hardware Engineer

2 Shivani Singh PhD, IIT Kanpur Postdoc
3 Soujanya S M. Tech., IIT Dhanbad PhD Scholar
4 Harsha R M. Tech, NIT Warangal PhD Scholar
5 Bharat Dwivedi MS, IIT Kharagpur System Engineer
6 Arjun Manon K M. Tech, IIT Ropar System Engineer
7 Anjaly S K M. Tech, RIT Kottayam PhD Scholar
8 Rohit Choubey M. Tech, TIET Patiala RA
9 Suhail Farhaan B. Tech MS by research
S. No. Name Qualification Post
10 Goutham L B. Tech MS by research
11 Arun B. Tech MS by research 15 Prateek iMTech, IIITB 20 Credit Project

12 Santosh B. Tech Intern 16 Sukhumjot iMTech 20 Credit Project

17 Ronit iMTech 20 Credit Project
13 Shrey Tripathi iMTech, IIITB 20 Credit Project
14 Ayush Tiwari iMTech, IIITB 20 Credit Project

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Success Story of the Team
§ Success Story 1-3GPP compliant Private 5G Network in a Box (P5G-NiB): The portable and plug-and-play

mobile network that functions similarly to a public 5G network

v but allows us to provide restricted access and use of licensed or unlicensed wireless spectrum.

§ Success Story 2-5G gateway and IoT testbed development: developed a testbed for cellular IoT,

v wherein 5G-NR-enabled/non-3GPP IoT devices can be connected and tested with the P5G-NiB.

§ FPGA-based accelerator card design for Distributed Unit (DU) with PCIe form factor.

§ Firmware Design for the FPGA-based DU accelerator card.

§ End-to-end mmWave, Open RAN and Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) testbeds.

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Background
What is Mobile Computing?

§ Anyones ability to compute and communicate while moving.

§ Focus: there should not be any hindrance in communication while moving through network.

Why mobile computing?

§ Mobile nature of human: shuttling between the office, meeting places as well as home

v it has become imperative to be connected with network.

§ Advantages: Saves time, resources,

v Entertainment, wherever you are, navigation

v Business: One can run the business from any where at any time!
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Background (1)
§ Mobile Computing supports our day-to-day activities directly or indirectly at every moment!

§ Disadvantages: Social life, Impact of Radiations on biological life.

Why mobile computing for 5G?

§ 5G beyond wireless systems have diverse use cases (to be discussed in the subsequent slides),

v This leads to more demanding communication network wrt to QoS and reliability, etc.

v Heterogeneous networks: user devices cross through different versions of cellular networks:

ü For example 3G, 4G, 5G and WiFi.

ü This leads to complex signaling and system design for 5G and beyond wireless systems.

§ Due to massive demand from customers, companies are working to solve problems related to it.
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Background (2)
Some of the challenges?

§ Seamless transition b/w networks: Convergence b/w same/different communication standards.

§ Security: it is major threat in case of packet switched networks, single sign-on, etc.

v Single Sign-on: a single ID allows to login in several related, yet independent, software systems.

§ Many locations like tunnel, mines, etc., transmission hindrance due to low signal strength

§ On longevity of battery and less consumption without affecting the performance of a service.

§ Flexible device to access available better radio access technology (RAT).

§ Transceiver changes wrt to any futuristic innovation on modulation and demodulation technique.

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Background (3)
Why 5G network?

§ The tremendous growth in the number and

variety of connected devices.

§ The substantial increase in user/network

traffic volume and types.

§ Performance limitations of 4G technologies.

Source: Internet

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Background (4)
§ To address this, 5G provides a fast, secure, and reliable connected ecosystem of humans and machines,

v which enables seamless mobility, efficient connectivity, increased connection density.

§ 3GPP has adopted the set of use cases identified by the Radio Communications Sector of the International

Telecommunications Union (ITU-R).

§ 5G has been specified based upon the requirements of the following use cases:

v enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)

v Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC)

v massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC)

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5G-Use Case: eMBB
§ eMBB: evolution of the Mobile Broadband services offered by 4G (LTE):

v humans accessing multi-media content, services and data.

§ 3GPP TR 22.863 identifies the main use case families as:

v high data rate scenarios: offices, shopping centres, residential locations.

ü Includes the broadcast of audio and video (4K ultra high-definition).

v high density scenarios: high data volumes per unit area

ü hotspot locations: offices, shopping centres, stadiums

v coverage scenarios: local area coverage within offices and educational establishments

v high user mobility: services in fast moving vehicles

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5G-Use Case: mMTC
• Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC): characterized by a very large number of connected devices

v which typically transmit low volumes of non-delay sensitive data.

• mMTC devices are generally required to be low cost and have a long battery life.

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5G-Use Case: mMTC (1)
• 3GPP TR 22.861 identifies the main categories of application as:

§ Internet of Things (loT): a large number of devices transferring small volumes of non-time critical data

ü Many existing loT devices use WiFi to connect to internet via a wireless router.

ü These devices are typically short range, have little or no mobility.

ü Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and ZigBee are other alternative wireless technologies to connect loT

devices to each other and to the internet.

v 5G focuses on 'cellular loT' devices which use 5G as the access network.

ü Cellular loT devises support ubiquitous wide area coverage provided by a mobile operator.

ü These devices may support applications which involve mobility.

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5G-Use Case: mMTC (2)
v loT devices may not connect directly to the mobile network.

v Example: a smart watch may connect to mobile network through smart phone (acts as a relay device)

v Smart Wearables using low complexity devices with a long battery lite

ü Examples: activity tracking devices, augmented reality headsets, smart watches, etc.

v Sensor Networks used to monitor a wide range of metrics, e.g. traffic, weather, parking spaces

ü Smart City ecosystem (monitor traffic and car parking status): recommendations to drivers.

ü Monitor environmental metrics such as air quality and weather conditions:

o can be used as an input for automatic street lighting or variable speed limits.

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5G-Use Case: URLLC
§ Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC): Requires moderate throughput,

v very high reliability and very low latency.

§ 3GPP TR 22.862 identifies the main use case families as:

§ Higher Reliability and Lower Latency applications: requires low latency, not very low latency.

v Example: the remote control of vehicles by a human operator

§ Higher Reliability, Higher Availability and Lower Latency applications -> system downtime must be very low.

v Example: The remote control of drones can also fit into this family of applications.

v High availability ensures that the drone is always under the control of the human operator.

v The latency requirement in both examples is determined by human reaction speed (need not be very low).
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5G-Use Case: URLLC (1)
§ Very Low Latency: this family of applications includes the concept of the ‘Tactile Internet'.

v Aside: The Tactile Internet supports a remote extension to the human body.

v It allows a surgeon to remotely operate on a patient using a mechanical arm

ü which reacts as if it was the surgeon's own arm.

§ High reliably and with low latency: Applicable to autonomous vehicles

v which exchange location information with each other to avoid collisions.

v Information must be transferred reliably and with low latency.

v The maximum permitted latency depends upon the vehicle speed and the accuracy requirement.

v Throughput requirements for this category tend to be low.

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5G-Use Case: URLLC (2)
§ Higher Availability: refers to scenarios where there is a requirement for improved network availability.

v Applicable to scenarios where the normal mobile network is unavailable due to congestion or outage.

v Example: satellite connectively as a back-up to the normal mobile network.

v Latency requirement is not low but the secondary connection must be reliable and have high availability.

§ Mission Critical Services: requires prioritization over normal network traffic.

v Prioritization ensures high availability of mission critical services with short connection setup times.

v These services also require reliable data transfer with low latency.

v Communications for the emergency services is an example of a mission critical service

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5G-Use Case: Summary
§ ITU-R has identified a set of requirements and assigned an importance to each requirement for each use case.

Table: Importance of various requirements for each Use Case

eMBB High High High High Medium Medium High High

Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance

URLLC Low Low Low Low Low High High Low

Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance

mMTC Low Low Low Low High Low Low Medium

Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance Importance

Maximum Average Spectrum Area Traffic Connection Latency Mobility Network

Connection Connection Efficiency Capacity Density Energy
Throughput Throughput Efficiency

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