I MBBS 2023 BATCH – DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY

Practical Viva Questions

MICROSCOPE

1. What are the adjustments to be done to focus under low power objective?
2. What are the adjustments to be done to focus under high power objective?
3. What are the adjustments to be done to focus under oil immersion objective?
4. For which experiments do you use low power and high power objectives?
5. Mention the oils used for oil immersion objective.
6. Why do we use oil for oil immersion objective?
7. Which oil is preferred ? Why?
8. How will you calculate total magnification power of microscope for each objective?
9. Name the other types of microscopes.
10. What is working distance?
11. What do you mean by resolution?
12. What is the use of condenser?
13. What is the type of mirror in compound microscope?
14. What is parfocal system?

HEMOCYTOMETER

1. What are the components of Hemocytometer?

2. What is the difference between old Neubauer chamber and Improved Neubauer
chamber?
3. Name the other chambers used for cell counting.
4. What are the other cells that can be counted using Neubauer chamber?
5. How will you identify RBC squares from WBC squares?
6. What forms the depth of the chamber? How much is the depth?
7. What are the parts and markings of glass pipettes?
8. What are the differences between RBC and WBC pipettes?
9. What is the function of bead in the RBC and WBC pipettes?
10. What are the types of micropipettes we use?
11. Which fingers should not be pricked while collecting blood sample? Why?
 12. Why should we wipe the first drop of blood after pricking?
13. Why should we not squeeze our finger while taking blood sample?

RBC count

1. Name the diluting fluid used for RBC count?

2. What are the components of RBC diluting fluid? Mention the function of each
component.
3. How much is the dilution factor?
4. Why do we need such a high dilution for RBC count?
5. Why there is no staining component for RBC diluting fluid?
6. Name the other diluting fluids that can be used for RBC counting.
7. A few drops of fluid are discarded from the pipette before charging. Why?
8. How many medium sized squares are counted for RBCs?
9. Why WBCs are rarely seen while counting RBCs?
10. How will you avoid duplication while counting the cells?
11. How will you identify overcharging and undercharging of the chamber?
12. What is the normal RBC count in males and females?
13. Is there any difference in RBC count between males and females? Give reason.
14. What is Anemia and Polycythemia?

WBC COUNT

1. Name the diluting fluid used for WBC count & write its composition.
2. What is the diluting factor for WBC count?
3. Give the normal WBC count.
4. What is the normal RBC : WBC ratio in the peripheral blood?
5. What is leucocytosis? What is leukemia?
6. Write two causes for leukemia and leucocytosis.
7. What is Leukemoid reaction?
8. What is leucopenia? Give two causes of leucopenia.
DIFFERENTIAL COUNT OF LEUCOCYTES

1. What are the uses of peripheral blood smear?

2. What are the characteristics of an ideal smear?
3. Name the stain used and give its composition.
4. What happens to the blood film when Leishman’s stain is added to it?
5. What happens to the blood film after adding distilled water?
6. Why cedarwood oil is used for doing differential count?
7. Which part of the blood film should be avoided for counting the cells?
8. Name the cells that can be seen in a field while doing DC.
9. How will you differentiate between neutrophil and eosinophil?
10. How will you differentiate between small and large lymphocyte?
11. How will you identify a monocyte?
12. Mention two causes for neutrophilia and neutropenia.
13. Mention two causes for eosinophilia and eosinopenia.
14. Mention two causes for monocytosis and monocytopenia.
15. Mention two causes for lymphocytosis and lymphocytopenia.

HEMOGLOBIN ESTIMATION

1. Name the method used to estimate the Hemoglobin concentration.

2. Name the other methods available for Hb estimation.
3. Which is the most reliable method for Hb estimation? Why?
4. Explain the principle of Sahli’s Acid Hematin method to estimate Hb
content.
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method?
6. Why N/10 HCl is used in Sahli’s method?
7. Describe the components of Sahli’s Hemoglobinometer.
8. How much volume of blood is needed to estimate the Hb content?
9. Why should we wait for 10 minutes after adding blood to the N/10 HCl?
10.How will you identify that acid hematin has formed?
11.Why tap water is not used for diluting?
12.Can N/10 HCl be used for diluting?
 13.Give the normal Hemoglobin content in males and females?
14.Name the derivatives of Hb.
15.What are the differences between adult and fetal Hb?
16.Name the RBC indices.
17. What happens if Hb is found in plasma as the free hemoglobin?

BLEEDING TIME / CLOTTING TIME

1. Name the method used to determine bleeding time?

2. Name the other methods to find bleeding time?
3. What is zero time?
4. What are the factors which influence bleeding time & clotting time?
5. What is the normal bleeding time?
6. What is hemostasis?
7. What is the clinical significance of doing bleeding time & clotting time?
8. Name the conditions for prolonged bleeding time?
9. Name the method used to find clotting time?
10. Name the other methods to find clotting time?
11. What is the normal clotting time?
12. Name the vitamin K dependent clotting factors.
13. What is hemophilia?
14. Name the conditions that cause prolonged clotting time?
15. Name the common tests to assess blood coagulation.

BLOOD GROUPING

1. What is the principle behind the method of blood group determination?

2. Where are the blood group antigens and antibodies present?
3. What is the difference between rouleaux formation and agglutination?
4. How will you confirm that agglutination has occured?
5. What is Landsteiner’s law?
6. Name the other blood group systems.
7. What is Erythroblastosis fetalis?
8. How can hemolytic disease of newborn be prevented?
9. What is cross matching?
10. What are the indications of blood transfusion?
11. What are the symptoms of mismatched blood transfusion?
12. What are the precautions to be taken before blood transfusion?
13. What is the clinical importance of blood group determination?