INSECTS ORDERS

ENTOGNATHOUS HEXAPODS
 PROTURA (telson tails, coneheads)
Antennae: REDUCED
Notes: Minute, no cerci and compound eyes, usually
found in dump forest.

 DIPLURA (diplurans)
Antennae: MONILIFORM
Notes: May have tail- like or forceps- like cerci; predatory

 COLLEMBOLA (springtails)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Notes: Has collophore and forcula

SAME:
MOUTHPARTS: CHEWING
WINGS: APTEROUS
LEGS: GRESSORIAL
DEVELOPMENT: AMETABOLOUS
 CLASS INSECTA (ECTOGNATHOUS HEXAPODS)
a. SUBCLASS APTERYGOTA
 Zygentoma/ Thysanura (silverfish, firebrats)
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: PESTS
NOTES: Compound eyes, are small and widely separated;
dorsoventrally flattened body

 Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails)

Notes: Compound eyes are large and touching; body laterally
compressed
SAME:

ANTENNAE: FILIFORM MOUTHPARTS: CHEWING WINGS: APTEROUS LEGS: GRESSORIAL

DEVELOPMENT: AMETABOLOUS

b. SUBCLASS PTERYGOTA
 INFRACLASS PALEOPTERA
 Ephemeroptera (mayflies)
Economic Importance: ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
Notes: adults are short- lived (1-2 days)

 Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)

Economic Importance: PREDATORS
Notes: has “NODUS” on wings and “STIGMA” at the middle of the
front margin of each living

SAME:
ANTENNAE: SETACEOUS MOUTHPARTS: CHEWING (naiad); VESTIGIAL (adult)
WINGS: MEBRANOUS LEGS: GRESSORIAL, PERCHING LEGS DEVELOPMENT: HEMIMETABOLOUS
INFRACLASS NEOPTERA
I. EXOPTERYGOTES *PAUROMETABOLOUS*

 BLATTODEA (cockroaches)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: Tegmina (forewings), membranous (hindwings)
Legs: CURSORIAL
Economic Importance: URBAN PESTS, SCAVENGERS
Notes: DORSOVENTRALLY FLATTENED, SHIELD- LIKE
PRONOTUM, eggs contained in OOTHECA, feed on starches

 ISOPTERA (termites)
Antennae: MONILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: MEMBRANOUS (hindwings)
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: URBAN PESTS, DECOMPOSERS
Notes: POLYMORPHIC and has a caste system
(reproductive, workers, soldiers); “white ants” TERMITES
are now under the order of BLATTODEA

 MANTODEA (praying mantis)

Antennae: FILIFORM

Mouthparts: CHEWING

Wings: TEGMINA (forewings)

Legs: RAPTORIAL

Economic Importance: PREDATORS

Notes: With elongated prothorax, produces grayish, spongy egg

case; generalist predators
 PHASMATODEA (walking sticks,
leaf insects)
Antennae: MONILIFORM, FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: TEGMINA (if present), most phasmids
(brachypterous)
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: PESTS OF FOREST (DEFOLIATORS)
Notes: STICK- LIKE OR LEAF- LIKE APPEARANCE

 MANTOPHASMATODEA (gladiators)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: APTEROUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: PREDATORS
Notes: WALKING STICKS- LIKE INSECTS w/ EYES OF A
MANTIS, VERY RARE (only in SOUTH AFRICA)

ORTHOPTERA (grasshoppers, katydids,

crickets)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: TEGMINA, MEMBRANOUS
Legs: SALTATORIAL
Economic Importance: PESTS, PREDATORS
Notes: SOUNDS PRODUCED BY RUBBING BODY PARTS ARE
TERMED AS “STRIDULATION”
 GRYLLOBLATTODEA (ice crawlers, rock
crawlers)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: APTEROUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: SCAVENGERS
Notes: HAS COCKROACH AND CRICKETS,
CHARACTERISTICS: usually found in “TEMPERATE
REGIONS”.

 DERMAPTERA (earwigs)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: TEGMINA, MEMBRANOUS
Legs: GRESS ORIAL
Economic Importance: PESTS, PREDATORS
Notes: LAY EG GS AT BURROWS; exhibits mother instincts,
w/ PROMINENT FORCEPS- LIKE CERCI at the TIP OF THE
ABDOMEN

 EMBIOPTERA (web spinner)

Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: MEMBRANOUS; MALES are usually winged,
FEMALE APTEROUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: SCAVENGERS, PREDATORS
Notes: FLUTTERY MOVEMENT OF WINGS, HAVE WEB
SPINNERS ON FORELEGS
 PLECOPTERA (stoneflies)
Antennae: FILIFORM, SETACEOU S
Mouthparts: CHEWING (naiad); VESTIGIAL (adult)
Wings: MEMBRANOUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL
DEVELOPMENT: HEMIMETABOLOU S
Economic Importance: PREDATORS
Notes: LIVE UNDER STONES, HAVE LARGE THORACIC
SCLERITES

 PSOCOPTERA (psocids,
booklice, bark lice
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: MEMBRANOUS (if present)
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: PESTS OF MUSEUMS
Notes: HAS PROMINENT NECK

 PHTHIRAPTERA (sucking &

chewing lice)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING, PIERCING-SUCKING
Wings: SECONDARILY WINGLESS
Legs: SCANSORIAL
Economic Importance: PESTS OF LIVESTOCK & POULTRY;
MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PESTS
Notes: DORSOVENTRALLY FLAT
THYSANOPTERA (thrips)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: RASPING-SUCKING
Wings: FRINGED
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: PESTS
Notes: SCARS FRUITS, WHITE EGGS inserted in plant
tissues, RIGHT MANDIBLES is rudimentary while LEFT
MANDIBLES IS functional

 ZORAPTERA (zorapterans, angel insects)

Antennae: FILIFORM or MONILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: APTEROUS, MEMBRANOUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: PREDATORS
Notes: POLYMORPHIC (winged form has eyes; WINGLESS
form w/o eyes); only 1 species present in the PHILIPPINES

 HEMIPTERA (true-bugs, aphids, hoppers,

psyllids, scale insects, mealybugs, bedbugs,
cicadas, lante rnflies, whiteflies)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: PIERCING-SUCKING
Wings: HEMELYTRA, MEMBRANOUS, APTEROUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL, NATATORIAL, SALTATORIAL, RAPTORIAL
Economic Importance: PESTS, PREDATORS, VECTORS of
Plant and HUMAN DISEASES
Notes: HAS DISTINCT TRIANGULAR PLATE at the BACK
called “SCULLETUM”
HEMIPTERA SUBORDERS:
 HETEROPTERA
- Characterized by their having
HEMELYTRON WINGS.
- STINK BUGS, ASSASSIN BUGS, &
LEAF- FOOTED BUGS

 AUCHENORRHYNCHA
- Known for their ability to produced
sound through specialized sound-
producing structures for communication.
- PLANTHOPPERS, LEAFHOPPERS, &
TREEHOPPERS

 STERNORRHYNCHA
- Often associated w/ the production of
honeydew and are significant pest in
agriculture.
- Includes various insects that feed on
plant sap, such as APHIDS, MEALYBUGS,
SCALE INSECTS & WHITEFLIES

 COLEORRHYNCHA
- BEETLE-LIKE BUGS
- Have specialized adaptations to live
on or near mosses
II. ENDOPTERYGOTES *HOLOMETABOLOUS*
 NEUROPTERA (lace wings, antlions, owl
flies)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: PIERCING-SUCKING (antlion larvae); CHEWING
(adults)
Wings: MEMBRANOUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL, RAPTORIAL
Economic Importance: PREDATORS
Notes: NET- LIKE VENATION ON WINGS; eggs are suspended in
hair-like filament(lacewings)

 COLEOPTERA (beetles, weevils)

Antennae: LAMELLATE (scarabs), FLABELLATE (blister beetles),
CLAVATE (lady beetles), FILIFORM, PECTINATE
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: MEMBRANOUS (hindwings), ELYTRA (forewings)
Legs: GRESSORIAL, NATATORIAL, FOSSORIAL, CURSORIAL
Economic Importance: PREDATORS, PESTS, SCAVENGERS
Notes: MOST DIVERSE INSECT ORDER

 STREPSIPTERA (twisted-wing parasites)

Antennae: FLABELLATE
Mouthparts: MODIFIED BITING, VESTIGIAL
Wings: MEMBRANOUS (hindwings= males), CLUB-SHAPED
(forewing), APTEROUS (females)
Legs: GRESSORIAL, APODOUS (no legs)
Economic Importance: NONE
Notes: ENDOPARASITES OF OTHER INSECTS
LEPIDOPTERA (moths, butterflies)
Antennae: PECTINATE, FILIFORM, BIPECTINATE (moths), CAPITATE
(butterflies), CAPITATE w/ HOOKS (skippers)
Mouthparts: CHEWING (larvae), SIPHONING (adults)
Wings: SCALY MEMBRANOUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: LARVAL STAGE; MOSTLY PESTS; ADULT
STAGE; POLLINATORS
Notes: MOST LARVAL FORMS ARE DESTRUCTIVE AGRICULTURAL
PESTS

TRICHOPTERA (caddisflies)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING (larva); VESTIGIAL (adult)
Wings: HAIRY MEMBRANOUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: IMPORTANT IN AQUATIC COMMUNITY
(PREDATORS, BIOINDICATORS), PESTS
Notes: LARVAE ARE AQUATIC AND MANY LIVE IN CASES THAT
THEY CONSTRUCT FROM DEBRIS

 MECOPTERA (scorpion flies, hangingflies)

Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: MEMBRANOUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: PREDATORS
Notes: HEAD MODIFIED INTO A BEAK-LIKE ROSTRUM, HAVE
ELABORATE COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR
RAPHIDIOPTERA (snakeflies)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: MEMBRANOUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: PREDATORS
Notes: HAVE ELONGATED PROTHORAX, FEMALES HAVE A LONG
OVIPOSITOR that resembles a needle

MEGALOPTERA (alderflies, dobsonflies,

fishflies)
Antennae: FILIFORM, MONILIFORM
Mouthparts: CHEWING
Wings: MEMBRANOUS
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: SCAVENGERS, PREDATORS
Notes: IMPORTANT IN AQUATIC COMMUNITY (predators,
bioindicators)

SIPHONAPTERA (fleas)
Antennae: FILIFORM
Mouthparts: PIERCING-SUCKING
Wings: SECONDARILY WINGLESS
Legs: SALTATORIAL
Economic Importance: PESTS, VECTORS OF DISEASES
Notes: LATERALLY FLATTENED BODY
 DIPTERA (flies, mosquitoes, gnats &
midges)
Antennae: ARISTATE, STYLATE (true flies); PLUMOSE (mosquitoes)
Mouthparts: PIERCING-SUCKING (mosquitoes, gnats, blood-
sucking flies), SPONGING (houseflies)
Wings: MEMBRANOUS (forewings), HALTERES (hindwings), SOME
are SECONDARILY WINGLESS
Legs: GRESSORIAL
Economic Importance: VECTORS OF DISEASES (dengue, malaria,
filariasis, cholera), PESTS, PREDATORS, SCAVENGERS
Notes: HAVE SCAVENGING CHARACTERISTICS, SOME MAGGOTS
are used in medicine to clean fresh wounds

 HYMENOPTERA (bees, wasps, ants,

sawflies)
Antennae: FILIFORM (some wasps), GENICULATE
Mouthparts: CHEWING, CHEWING- LAPPING (bees)
Wings: MEMBRANOUS, APTEROUS (ants)
Legs: GRESSORIAL, CORBICULATE (honeybees)
Economic Importance: PARASITOIDS, PREDATORS, POLLINATORS,
some PESTS
Notes: MOSTLY BENEFICIAL INSECTS; EXHIBITS SOCIAL BEHAVIOR,
WINGS COUPLED BY HAMULI