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16.

TYPES OF PEACE EDUCATION*

TYPE OF EDUCATION VIOLENCE ADDRESSED GOALS PEACE TYPE CURRICULUM


1. GLOBAL PEACE EDUCATION Interstate rivalry Understanding of International System Prevent hostilities International relations
International Studies Human Rights Education Cultural Knowledge Build Security Systems Peace Movements
Security studies Ethnic conflicts Appreciation of national differences Disarmament Different Cultures
Historical perspectives of war
Holocaust studies Terrorism Multicultural Awareness Exchange of Scholars
Comparative Social Structures
Nuclear Education Tribal Warfare Study of Nationalism Global identity Principles of collective responsibility
A-Bomb Education Reduce Ethnic tensions Political differences
Treatises Problems of refugees
2. CONFLICT RESOLUTION Interpersonal Mediation and communication skills Problem-solving skills Gender Studies
Peer mediation Personal Promote empathy Mediation Communication skills
Manage conflict Peace agreements Anthropology of conflict
Sociology of conflict styles
Understand conflict style Sustaining relationships
Enemy imaging
Transformation Family differences
3. VIOLENCE PREVENTION Street crime Anti-bias Self-control Alternatives to violence
Multicultural Education Domestic violence Edu. about prejudice and stereotypes Support groups Dispute resolution mechanisms
Parent education Understand depth of violence problem Meditation Causes of domestic violence and crime
Punitive responses
Sexual assault Learn about causes of violence Counselling
Judicial system
Anger management Personal responsibility Anger management Laws
Bullying - Peer pressure Socio-emotional literacy Personal transformation Block club organizing
Hate crimes Understand cost of violence Win-win relationships Gangs
Drug and Alcohol abuse Addressing fears Consequences of violence
Parent education
4. DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION Inequalities of health and wealth Ecological security Elimination of pollution Imperialism
Environmental studies Structural violence Equitable models of development Building for the future Economic & Social development
Future studies Lack of freedoms Promote democracies Sharing resources Strategies for change
Ecology
Human rights education Threats to Positive peace Critical thinking Self-help
Conservation skills
Media Education for citizenship** Environnemental destruction Strategic planning Empowerment Environmental issues
Abuses of Media (imbalance, bias, hate) Media Education for citizenship Community development Recycling
Disarmament Economic conversion
Media Education for citizenship
5. NONVIOLENCE EDUCATION All forms of violence Understand power of peace Maintain beloved community Nonviolence & Love
Gandhian Studies Enemy stereotyping Appreciate peace Forgiveness Great peacemakers
Popular media images of violence Learn about power of non-violence Positive peace Philosophy of humanness
Study of human nature
Despair about possibilities for peace Help students discover their own truth Nonviolence
Ethics
Appreciate truths of others Elimination of ego Challenge of being a peace maker
Visualize peaceful world Interdependence
Caring Barriers to peace
Empathy History of peace movement

* Ian M. Harris, ‘Types of Peace Education’ in Amiram Raviv, Louis Oppenheimer, Daniel Bar-Tal, How Children Understand War and Peace: A Call for International Peace Education, California, Jossey-Bass Inc., 1999.
** I have added ‘Media Education for Citizenship’ in No.4, by which I mean the development of a discerning mind with respect to consumption, interpretation and participation in Mass Media.
Peter Gonsalves - gonsalves.p@gmail.com

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