ara tater confidence was contagious Almet before Need finished speaking, spn of comrade- ship and hope pervaded the crowd. Even felt dieronc: Ale gh nea ofa few momenta before was gone andi ts place was strength. Mybody felt tireless cage tobe doling at mt be done; my mind didnot question the future. I knew WWe would win Lae sue of would auvesion no longer My heart sald Elewar was ght but when Thought ahead. my courage fallered. Acton vas the only anewer now Tn doing, there Would be no me for thought ‘And once done no going back Before this spin of hope could wither, leazar ued order Even he seemed caught upin the exclement The ttc in hs face Was gone. A smal sie pled this ipa Hs yee edt eendeg ovo LEW by Gloria D. Miklowitz Le ietgie eS illustrated by Barbara Kwak sparkled with the reflections of his fast-moving mind. His voice gained strength and warmth as thoughts and. ‘orders tumbled forth. “We must make eure our water ‘supply is adequate. After the Romans come, it will be increasingly difficult to bring the water up without being observed and fired upon. Berenice?” Eleazar called. My mother raised her hand in the crowd. “You will take as many women and children as you need to the cisterns and bring back enough water to replenish our storage tanks here...” Str nto tore ater“John, my father next ordered. “Organize al fighting men into units of ten and meet me as soon as pos- sible.” John frowned, but his fair skin colored suddenly, and though his thick, dark brows nearly joined, Treal- ized they masked his true reaction. John wasn’t at all displeased. Though he shifted his tall frame from foot to foot in what might appear to be awk- ward embarrassment, he was already signaling, with a nod of the head or 4 raised finger, who was to join him when Fleazar finished. “Check the lookout towers, Simon. See that each man knows his watch and where to report any unusual ‘movement below. Then, back to me!” I tried to swallow my disappoint- ‘ment.Was a man of seventeen, to. bea messenger boy? Was ths ll the responsibility I would be given? Ilis tened hard for more orders, but one by one the important tasks of leadership were given to others, and soon I found I could not look my father in the face. ‘And so it went. Women were called upon to tend our small fields, to orga- nize stores of food, to prepare strips of linen as bandages, to keep the small children busy while the preparations for defense occupied their brothers and fathers. Many of the older people ‘would spend their time in prayer, for no matter how well prepared we ‘ight be, the final outcome of our actions would be the will of God, “And now,” my father said, smiling at our people, “one thing further. Despite these preparations, some ‘things will not change. We will con- tinue to observe the Sabbath, and the holidays as we'l—within reason. ‘Rabbi Hillel will see to that-The chil- dren will continueto attend school, because without knowledge, man is zo better than an animal.” The chil- dren groaned in disappointment, and their elders laughed. “As always, the sick, the poor, and the elderly will be properly cared for. And we will help ‘each other in whatever ways we can.” Response Corner © Why was Simon disappointed at the job his father assigned to him? © Why do you tink itwas so important ‘to Eleazar that some things remain the same even though his people ‘would be going through war? Recs ae SuAe She. 4 : . Rd a aaa56 538 5, 51580. Baboon deny Th Jenih people Asean Tomas ontalom sade Temple rein Juah complain Jerusalem Defeat and New Beginnings The year is 697 8 has fallen. Thi and the Assyrian Emp id you stand on in Judah teenie eet atstertanle acted ferry = ieee eae ee a esto RAMEE) Everyone living in Judah must pay taxes tothe Babylonians. The people of Judah do not like this for taxation at all. You've just h he king of Judah himself has refused to pay taxes to the Babylonians. Now, e Babylonians are on their way to punish th izons of Judah. In a few days, the people will the mi owerful force they have ever seen—the Babylonian army,The Babylonian Captivity FPSB sero, Kingdom of Judah 1 597 BC, the Babylonians conquered the land of Judah. To help keep it part of their empire they forced Judah's king to ‘move to ther opi city, Babylon. They sent 10,000 other people from Judah there as well | ‘The Babyloniansappointed anew king | to rule Judah from Jerusalem. Even though | | | the king was from Judah, the Babylonians believed that he was loyal to them. The king of Judah proved them wrong when he and other citizers rebelled against the D ABabylonian tax pte coir ‘This time, the Babylonians sent nearly Babylonians. every citizen of Judah fo live in Babylon, 1586 .8C, the Babylonians conquered an action that resulted in what was known. Judah a second time, The Babylonians 2s the Rahylonian Captivity Teis also were s0 angry about the eben that they | known as the Babylonian Bile because destroyed Jerusalem. The Bible says that | most citizens were exiled, oF forced to the Babylonians “tae down the walls of | leave their homeland. Jerusalem on every sde.”* They also | Scenenauze burned the Templeto the ground. How did the Babylonians keop contra of Judah? “Ts wal sururds the Ol Cay of Jeruzlen, part of present dy orto stint to be mre then “4500 yrs old the Ol Cry ion ofthe dest continu occupied sn hea.ism lfeand ost their own cute Tn contrat, Judaism Changes the Babylonians kept the exiles from Fada ‘The prophet Jeremiah introduced new | together inone community in Babylon. ideas to the exiles. Prophets are people who Because of this, the exiles were able to are believed to receive messages from God. continue following thei cultural and Jeremiah taught that God could be wor- religious traditions. shipped not justin the Temple but every- Since the exiled people of Judah, now where. He said that God could hear the called Jews, no longer had the Temple, txiles’ prayers no matter where they were. they began to create community centers Jeremiah also said that one day the exiles for prayer and study. Later, the Greeks would return to Judah, gave the Jewish community center the Life under the Babylonians differed name synagogue (StHensh-gahg), meaning from life under the Assyrians. When the “assembly.” Today, Jewish places of ‘Assyrians conquered Israel, they sent worship are still called synagogues. the Israelites to lve all over the empire. Tewish leadership also changed in exile The Israelites adopted Assyrian ways of | InJudah, priests had led worship inthe | Temple. In exile, teachers called rabbi¢ led = __ | thesynagogues, Rabbis around the world TG stil teach the history and laws of Judaism. INLD | eo octet cnges Community Center Judaism. In tum, by changing the practices " ‘offudaism, the Jewish people were abe to ‘alee iuniog od wep. srapmse || exp thee ath and tee culture alive. Sconoppa ona naaie bre i set What no ids di eremih xj the exiled Fermors on vegeta in ede people rom utah? Fermas eed oan loth bls Wel provied sh water and meting ace ‘Women kod readin ly eer, ones old fd ad ether gods Tuts tngt ti Jeo than oon,The Jewish Diaspora ‘Some of the Jews in exile began to feel _at home in Babylon, but others longed to return to Jerusalem. One prophet reminded ‘the Jews that God had promised the Jews the land of Canaan. ‘The Jews did nothave to wait long. In about 538 B.¢,, the Persian Empire con- -quered Babylon. Their leader, Cyrus, ‘Delieved that as long as conquered people accepted his rule, he would respect their _eligious beliefs. Cyrus allowed the Jews to reclaim Judah and to rebuild the Temple. In515 B.C, the Jews finished building -a second Temple, but not all Jews moved |, back to Judah, The Babylonian Exlle had | begun the Jewish Diaspora, the scattering | of Jews outside their hcmeland. Since this time, Jews have settled all over the word, Sometimes they moved to new places by choice while at other tines, governments or wars forced them to move. Other cultures inthe word have expe- rienced disporas aswell One ofthe lag est diasporas came about because of the ‘Atcan slave trade, Milions of Africans ‘were forced rom their homelands between bout the A.D. 700 andthe AD. 1800. Ho ith asian Exe ate ta Jew people?panes © Wat fotr formed the Ezra and the Torah Jewish cultural life in Judah suffered during the Babylonian Exile. However, as exiles retumed to Judah, the Jewish ‘community grew stronger there. A scribe named Ezra helped restore Judaism in Jerusalem. In about 450 8.c., Ezra led a number of Jews back to Jerusalem from Babylon. Later, Ezra gave a series of public readings from the Torah. ‘The Torah, or “the Law” in Hebrew, contains Jewish law, including the Ten ‘Commandments. Ezra read the Torah for seven days straight. ‘These readings inspired many Jews to renew ther faith. According to the Bible, the Jews signed a pledge on the last day of the reading, in which they promised to 238 © Unit LN MEDIA a She EEE Analyze Maps Tats mop shows he Persian Empre under Cyrus the Grow, SA SATIRE APT The Persian Empire, 530B.C> acy a PARTHIA 4 66. .. follow the Teaching of God, given through Moses the servant ‘of God, and to observe carefully all the commandments of the Lord our Lord....99* Ezra also wrote the Torah’s laws ona scroll, creating one of the first written docu- ‘ments of Judaism. Later, the Torah was ‘anonized (KA+nuhenyzd), oF made an official part of, the teachings of Judaism, ‘This made law central to Judaism. ‘The Torah became the law of Judah, ‘hich was at that time, a theoeracy (thee-AHskruhsee), ofa state ruled by religious law. The law applied to everyone, even rulers, The idea that everyone was equal under the law is important in many countries in the world today, ineluding the United States.Many of the Torah’s laws describe how to practice Judaism. Some tell how to cele- rate Jewish traditions and holidays. Other laws tell how to behave and treat people fairly while still others guide daily life. For ‘example, the Torah explains when to plant ‘crops and how to punish criminals, Rulers and rabbis worked together to enforce the Jaw of the Torah in Judah. EERIE Scenenaze How di Eze help restore Judaism in Joruslen? k= In 586 8.c,, the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple. They sent many Jews into exile in Babylon. The Jewish peor ple kept their faith by changing the practlees of Judaism. When the Persian Empire con- uered Babylon, King Cyrus allowed Jews to return to Judah and to rebuild the Temple Many Jews, however, remained outside Judah, forming the Jewish Diaspora. 1 @ How did Judaism change under Babylonian and Persian rule? 2, Wete@ paragraph that explains the terms sila and desporm 3. What happened in 838. thet made i possible forthe Jews to return to Judah from exile? (CRITICAL THINKING 4. Why do you think so many Jews chose to stay in Babylon after Cyrus lt them return to Judah? 5. EBB How did Cyrus's views on religion helo Judaism survive? 6. Make It Relovant How do yeu think the Diaspora affects Jews today? > This paitng shows Jewish pope ofthe dsspore olebrating a wedding in Moroes, apart of noth western Aes 7. Ulf Moke Chart Make a chartthat ‘shows the changes in Judaism under ‘the Babylonians and the Persians. Your chart should have two columns, Label the first column Babylonians and the second column Persians. List atleast two change in each column, & conenuze On a separate sheet of paper, copy and complete the graphic organizer below. Chapter 7 » 239ETERS SLC ES LP.) ts Use a Cultural Map D WHY IT MATTERS: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Acutur map tows te leatons of | ‘Theeukurl map on ape 2 shows people who share a certain way of life. the languages spoken by people of “The map can be based on language, re southwestern Asia today. By reading. gion, or any other part of culture. Often a | the map, you can see which languages cultural map uses color or symbols to show | are spoken in different regions of south- places where mast of the people share a ‘western Asia. To understand the map, cultural trait. Studying cultural maps can | you need to use the map legend. The help you learn moze about present-day different colors in the map legend stand. ‘people and people of the past, such as the | for the languages spoken in the regions ancient Hebrews. shown on the map. Jewish people gorher athe Wostarn Wall ls Jrusaam rece prayers HebrewThis cultural map also shows national boundaries for countries in this region. ‘Having both countries and languages on the same map allows you to compare the two kinds of information. D PRACTICE THE SKILL Use the cultural map above to answer these questions. © In which country do people speak Hebrew? © What languages do people speak in Iran? Which language do you think {is spoken by the most people? © In which countries is Kurdish spoken? © What language do most people speak in Turkey? 2D APPLY WHAT YOU LEARNED EB Make your own cultural map, showing the official languages of South ‘America. Use an encyclopedia, atlas, or almanac to gather information about the official languages of each country in South America. Be sure to label each country, and use diferent colors to indi- cate the countries’ official languages, Practice your map and lobe skis with the GeoStills CD-ROM. Chapter 7» 241 Map and Globe SkillsArtifacts Pianist tg fn Fe oer occigtn cn aa TE SS FTIR Ea Soreucs mance asta meni oaecis f Sas oau ne cone Rin TH SRS Se eS cas aatay ohn sara ‘Arabi hold Torah srl which a trod am ask | ‘The Torah is read or sung during religious services. Bach Torah scroll is written by hand using special ink, A mezuzah fs cometimoe placed at entrances in Jewish homes to symbolize faith.Analyze Artifacts © whet does the look of those caligious objects suggest about Jewish people's reverence for ‘thelr ath? © whet does he dada «regs toy, suggeet Si cnioisutruscala materia eee Seis ponte ‘Children and adults spin topscalled_| €) Why might sacred objects such a the Torah ‘Gredels(Deav-duhiz} during the serail have fo be made by hand? ‘Hanukkah holiday. Visi PRIMARY SOURCES at wonw harcourschool comes Noisemakers are used in cheertu Purim holiday celebrations, Some Jewish people ‘wear amulets for {good Ick, ‘Hanukkah celebrations. ‘thas been a symbol of Jerael since ancient Himes, Chapter 7» 243,EST) ) oC) coer eet Peed rae) ees Peter or pert et oe Carey eee SCTE i ro Cra reyes med non Bat Kotha sit or cy rec) Ishnae Cet ere) ey @ oenenauze eo Pree) Nerae Tx 70 Sh 132 Ta Rvebol Bar kok a2 oh Maccabees beans ast Romane Continuing Traditions ‘You There, You can hardly believe what is happening in Jerusalem in 167 8.. The Greeks have ruled Judaea for more than 30 years. Their king has built a fort in the center of Jerusalem, and his solciers have killed many Judaeans. Taxes are so high that Judaeans struggle to survive, Worst of all, the Greek rulers outlawed Judaism, ‘They even stole money that belonged to the Temple, Now the Temple has an altar to a Greek god in what was Judaism's most sacred place! Ame These siecle hone Jewish ctr in ttle Goer tho last 100 years, sever ite apis ef tees cons have boanfourdin the south United Stata, Tho fate coin nay have been oi therein the ea 180s 25.lustaton fom » French hook published in th AO. 190s hows the fighting ‘toon the Jews and Greoks during the revolt ofthe Maccabees. ‘mistreated the Jews, causing the Jewish people to rebel. In A.0. 70, the Romans The Maccabees ‘who were loyal to Rome. Roman officials In 382 BC., the Judaeans faced another conqueror—the Macedonian emperor Iai siege to Jerusalem, leaving itand ‘Alexander the Great, Becnise he loved the Tempe in ruins. Greek culture, Alexander brought many ‘After the destruction of the Second Greek customs to his conquered lands, ‘Temple, Rabbi Yohanan ben Zaccai including Judah, then called Judaca. (yohsHANeuhn ben ZAK+ayseye), also writ- ‘Atfirst the Jewish people were allowed ten Johanan ben Zakkai, founded a Jewish to practice their religion freely. This free- school in Yavneh west of Jerusalem. Soon ddom ended in 200 8C, when a Greek ruler the school grew into a center for Jewish outlawed Judaism and forced al Judaeans life. Synagogues, too, continued to gain to worship Greek gods. importance as places of prayer and study. 1m 167 8, a man named Judah, Both ofthese events helped Judaism the son ofa Jewish priest led a revolt survive During the revolt, Judah became known as —-‘In AD. 182, the Fewish people tried Juidah Maccabee (MAKutsbee) Today, the again to overthrow the Romans. Simon Bar ‘event is remembered asthe Revolt ofthe Kokhba (BAR KAWK*bah) was the leader Maccabees. ofthe revolt. The Romans brutally crushed Judah Maccabee proved tobe strong _the revolt and sent nearly all the Jews of leader He recruited thousands of Jews to Jerusalem into exile from their homeland fight, and they recaptured Jerusalem and ‘The Jewish people would not rule Judaea all of Judaea, They restored Jewish worship | again for 1,00 years sn the Temple. Scenenatze 63.26, the Roman Empire took How di daa survive ater the Trp wos control of udaea, choosing ‘ewish Kings | destayedin AD. 702 Chapter 7» 245‘Many sts hove bon inspire by the wings of usm, Tese tree pangs oth try of Rath om he Kati. The Writings of Judaism ‘The Hebrew Bible is both history and Jiterature 1 els the stories ofthe Jewish people to about 300 BC. The Hebrew Bible hag three parts Fist is the Torah, or “the Law," including the Ten Commandments. Next isthe Nevim (neh+vee+EEM), or “the Prophets.” The third partis the Ketuvim (Keh+too-VEEN), or “the Wetings.” Genesis, the fist book of the Torah, describes how God created the universe One of the best-known accounts in Genes is about Nosh and the flood. God orders Noah to build an ark, a large boat, and take aboard two of every living creature, Noah and the others onthe ark survive the flood to renew life on Barth Im places, the Torah may be dificult to understand, Because ofthis, scholars and rabbis have tried to help Jews understand it, Some scholars created writings called the Commentaries to explain questions that 248 © Unit 3 come up about Jewish law. Others, such as Rabbi Hillel, devoted their lives to studying and teaching the Torah Inthe first century BC, Hillel founded a school to share his ideas with others. ‘The Nevi'im includes the words of prophets such as Jeremiah and Ezekiel, who spoke tothe Jewish people as representa tives of God. It also tells about Israelite kings, including David and Solomon. ‘The Ketuvim contains several kinds of writen works, including poems, proverbs, and other writings, One ofthe most popular weltings is about friendship and loyalty The book of Ruth tells ofa young woman who married into a Jewish family. When her husband died, Ruth stayed to care for her mother-in-law, Naomi, instead of returning to her own family, Ruth told ‘Naomi, “Your people shall be my people, and your God my God."* ‘What are the Commentaries?Jewish Traditions and Influence ‘The Jewish people observe many holy days and traditions. Two of the most important Jewish holy days are Rosh ‘Hashanah (RAHSH huh+SHAH-nuh) and Yom Kippur (YOHM kih+PUR). Rosh Hashanah is the first day of the Jewish ‘New Year, the beginning of the High Holy Days. The last day of the High Holy Days is Yom Kippur. Rosh Hashanah is known as the Day of Judgment. Jews believe that on this day, God judges them. They examine their actions during the past year and think about any sins they have committed. ‘Yom Kippur is the Day of Atonement. (On Yom Kippur, Jews express regret for their sins and ask God to forgive them. ‘Throughout the year, the Jewish people celebrate a number of other holy days. As The Talmud you have learned, Passover is an important Jewish holy day that marks the Israelites’ escape from Egypt. Judaism influenced two of the world’s largest religions, Christianity and Islam (is*LAHM). According to tradition, Abraham is an important figure to Judaism, ‘Cheistianity, and Islam. Judaism also has ‘other connections to Cheistianity and Islam. Jesus, on whom Chatstianity was founded, was Jewish. He taught many of the ideas of Judaism, such as belief in God, the Ten Commanciments, and love of God and of your neighbor. In addition, Jesus taught new religious ideas like love your ‘enemies. Muslims, who practice the religion of tstam, say that Abraham, an early prophet and the father ofthe Jewish people, received ‘messages from God. They also say that Muhammad (moh+HAsmuhd) was God's final prophet. Muhammad said that he was a descendant of Abraham's son Ishmael. (GBB Analyze Documents inthe Ao. 1308, Jows ving in Garmany ronted this copy ofthe SJowith traditions. Baca ‘front countries could red it. nda Jewish legal coe hat describes many version is writon in brew, Jows oat ‘© The cola iusratod pge tlle that this bot was designed in © Jewish people spoke man diteret languages, but mest alo knew Hebrw. Boks lke this wiped Jews preserve «common langue Chapter 7 » 247Dis grop of, [Ehiopian Jews ‘elebrates Paseover in Jerusalem, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam heve many differences, but they have a very Important similarity. All three focus on thebelit in one God who sets down ‘moral laws for thir followers. SoeneRaue ‘How did Judaism influence Christianity and stam? 4. @)_ How did Judaism develop from the 3006 B.. through the A. 1006? 2. Write a paragraph explaining how Judism influenced Chvstianity and stars. 2. How did the Jewish people respond to GGrook and Roman rule? 4, How isthe account of Ruth and Naomi ‘important? camican Taian 5, EBB Why do you think the Romans strayed the Temple in 0. 707 6. Why do you think the Hebrew Bibte is ‘considered both history and Iterature? 248 © Unit 3 After many years under Greek rule, the Jems regained control of Judaes. The Roman Empire took control of Judaea in 63 8.c, The Romans destroyed the Second ‘Temple in A.D. 70 and later exiled nearly all the Jews. Judaism, however, survived under the leadership of rabbis. It influenced two other world religions, Christianity and Islam. 7. X\ Write a List Make a let of tha —\ traditions and holy days of Judsism. Then tell how each is related to Judsism ‘or the history ofthe Jewish people. © ceurmaze ‘On a separate sheet of paper, copy and ‘complate the graphie organizer below.Yohanan ben Zaccai “Make me a coftin, and I will sleep in it. Rovoi Yohanan ben Zaceai's unusual equest o his friends was part of his plan to help preserve Judaism. twas AD. 68, and the Roman army had surrounded Jerusalem. A group of Jews called the Zealots controled the city. They refused to compromise with the Romans. Yohanan ben Zaccai wanted to talk to the Romans, but he had to get past the Zealots. He had an ces of how to get past them. Jerusalem buried its dead outside the city walls, 0 Yohanan ben Zaccai had his friends carry him out ofthe city ina coffin. The Zealots never suspected that a living man was inside When he reached the Romans, Yohanan ben Zaccai asked them tollet him set up a center of Jewish study inthe town of Yavneh, The Romans agreed Yohanan ben Zaccai's actions helped Judaism survive Rome's attack two years later, when the Romans stormed ferusalem and bbumed the Temple. Because of Yohanan ben Zac there was sil a place where learned men could study ideas from the Bible about how Jews must live, These men became Rabbis-the new leaders of the Jewish people. Judaism survived the destruction of the Temple in part because ofthe actions of Yohanan ben Zaccai x 9 a0. ’ Yohanan ben Zaccai—A0.68-70 A0,70-85 escapes trom Yohananen Zacesi Yohanan ben Zacest Jerusalem to eabishes begins bling slwish sudy Yavneh a the inYavnoh center of Juda ence test ed Why Character ‘Counts © How did Yohanan ben Zaceal take responsibilty for protecting Judaism!Li Chapter (J) Review sake indausaion Reading Social Studies When you generalize, you make a statement that sunmares 2 group of ets and shows how thay ae elated. Generalize Complete this graphic organizer to make a generalization about how changes affected the Jewish people. A copy of this graphic ‘organizer appeare on page 74 of the Homework and Practice Book. ‘Changes for the Jewish People PTUs AX California Writing Prompts ‘Write an Interpretation Much of Jewish law | Write a Research Report Choose one ofthe was based on rabbis’ interpretations ofthe Toran. | people you read about inthis chapter. Write five (Choose one ofthe Ten Commandments. Then ‘questions thet you would like answorad about write @ paragraph describing what you think it that person. Then do research and write @ report ‘means and how it applies to te today. ‘that answers your questions,Eee (eens For each pair of terms below, write a sentence or two that shows how the ‘two terms are related. 1. Diaspora (p. 237) exile. 235) 2. rabbi (p. 236), synagogue ip. 236) 3, eanonize (p. 238), theocracy (p, 298) Corr) Use the summary time line above to answer the 4, How many yoars passed between the struction ofthe First Temple in Jerusalam ‘and the completion ofthe Sacond Temple? ‘5. What happened in 20.70? STS eo Use a Cultural Map Use the cultural map on page 2#1 SS to answer tis question. 6. Inwhich country do most people speak Hebrew today? Eon fees ‘Answer these questions. 7. What new idea did Joremiah introduce to the Judseans, and how did itchange the practice of their eign? 8. What two major religions were influenced byhudaism? ‘Wete the letter ofthe best choice. 8. Which event marked the begining ofthe Jewish Diaspora? 'A the building of the Second Temple B the Babyonian Exile C the Rovolt of the Maccabees D the writing ofthe Torah 10. What knd of government did Judah have uring the time of Ezra? A ademocracy B atheocracy © an oligarchy D dictatorship tae ae 11. (RR) Other than the Tanach andthe SALES almud, what sources do you think historians use inorder to learn about the history ofthe ancient Hebrews? How do you think these sources cfr in point of view? 2 In what ways dd movement and ‘change affect th Hebrews? Chapter 7 © 254creat Pres) eee ieee re td Pee Pete er ren een Pere area net cer ane ania) Paar Se ee Sosa eas eee en teen Riera aoa ees Pee er eas Sn eae SRE SRR ieee orci) Areata Ree re een) Toul tha vn desired We ROIS e SEMI IST SEE boon eeecr htm Ree eae ena eMetrics eens en ea ett crear! Raed eee eee etre Rai ea acd rr ri ered‘The Dome ofthe Rock is one of ams ate sts Ws bit upon he Tampa tthe holiest sit of rere Peer esis Pers prc cores Perna crear cere eeeReview ruc areca [Beliefs and Customs Beliefs and customs played an important "ole in the development of tho culture ofthe ancient Hebraws. The Anci ‘Abram, later called Abraham, lived in Mesopotamia in the 1900s 8.C. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods. ‘According to the Fible, God told Abraham. to move his family to Canaan. Abraham promised to worship only God, ‘When famine struck Canaan, Abraham's descendants moved to Egypt. They pros- pered there for 00 years. Then the pharaoh enslaved them, but Moses won the Hebrews’ freedom. Moses also received the Ten ‘Commandments fom God. nt Hebrews |The Hebrews appointed aking, made Jeruelem thei capa and bul Temple 1m 928 8, the kingdom spi into two Slate, sal and da The Assyrian Empire conquered Israel in 722.8. in 586 Dies the Babylonian dstroyed the Fst “Temple and rove the ews int ele Wien the Persians conquered Babylon, tne Jes were abet turn to Jerusalem tn build the Second Temple. The Torah became lewis aw Laie, Juda iniuenced | Chestianity and islam Main Ideas and Vocabulary Road the summary above. Then answer the questions that follow. ‘Why did Abrohom move to Conoon? [A because God told him to, according tothe Bible B because there was a famine © because conquerors forced him to move D because Cyrus allowed him to return there 2. What foreign power first conquered Judah? A tho Assyrian Empire B he Roman Empire sho Persian Empire the Babylonian Empire | 8. What does the wore oxilo moan? ‘A forced work without pay B # place that has deen conquered forced from one’s homeland D place where ne people lve 4. Whatis the Jewish escape fom slavery in Egyptto freedom inthe Promised Lang called? D HanukkeheS Answer these questions. 5. How did the Hebrews’ belief in monotheism ‘separate them from other poops of the time? 6. Inthe covenent betwoen Abraham and God, ‘what did God promise Abraham? 7. What did Moses accomplish? 8 What was the coe of judges in the ancient Hebrew civilization? 8. Whi did the tsraeltes want aking? 10. Who builtthe First Termplo in Jerusalom? ‘Write the lotter ofthe best choice. 11, Where dié Moses grow up? ‘A in Canaan B in Babylon © in ggynt D in Mesopotamia 12. What quality was King Solomon known for? ‘A wisdom B smiitary kas © peacemaking D conquest 13, Who allowed the Jews to reclaim Judah and build the Secona Temple? ‘A the Assyrians B the Bebylonians © the Persians D the Egyptians 14, Which Jewish leader fread Jerusalem from Greek rue? AA Judah Maccabeo B Yohanan ben Zaccai King Hezekiah D King David 15, What was the frst writen document cf Judaism? 1A the Torah B the Neviim © the Ketuvim D the Commentaries, SS Think Critically 16. What is one idea or principle in Jewish aw thats also important in United States law todey? 17. Explain how the destruction ofthe First ‘Temple affected Judaism. 18, How did the Jewish religion continue even ‘though the Jewish people were dispersed? Skit Use the cultural map on this pageto answer the folowing questions. What four cutures are represented by the ‘quarters of the Old City? |. What important sie is shown inthe Jewish ‘Quarter? Why do you think this site is impor tanto the Jewish cuture? In which quartr isthe Church ofthe Holy Sepulchre located? Which two quarters border the Wester Ae ass= Archaeologists (st Work by Sendy Damashek ‘he moral and ethical radtions of Western cuilization Publish a History Book Compile information onthe ancient Hebrews and the development of Judaism to make 1m The Holy Cry «history book Make a ist of important of Jerusalem by topics in the unt, and write an informative entry aay ‘about each one. lustrate the entries with maps, time lines, érawings, and chert. Vit ACTIVES at L$ worm sarcourschoolcon/iss ‘on