DR Sanjib Kumar Das Basic Buddhist Terminology Tibetan Sanskrit

Basic Buddhist Terminology
(Tibetan-Sanskrit-Hindi-English)
Dr. Sanjib Kumar Das
Kagyud Relief & Protection Committee

Sarnath, Varanasi- 221007, (U.P)
B.E. 2562 C.E. 2018

Editorial Board :
Dr. Bhagawati Prasad, Lecturer in Sanskrit, C!BS, Leh
Dr. D.K. Pattanayak, Lecturer in English, C!BS, Leh
Dr. S.N. Mishra, Professor, B.H.U., Varanasi
Dr. Wangchuk Dorje Negi, Reader in Moolshastra, CUTS, Samath, Varanasi
Dr. Ramesh Chandra Negi (Mathas), Lecturer in Kagyud Sampradaya, CUTS
Geshe Damdul Namgyal, Lecturer in Moolshastra, CUTS, Sarnath, Varanasi
First Edition : I OOO Copies, 2009

2'' Re-Print : 500 Copies, 2014
3" Re-Print : 500 Copies, 2018
© Kargyud Relief & Protection Committee,

Central University of Tibetan Studies,
Sarnath, Varanasi-221007, U.P.
Publisher:
Kargyud Relief & Protection Committee,
Central University of Tibetan Studies,
Samath, Varanasi-221007, U.P.
Printed at: Mahayana Press, New Delhi-110020

mahayanapress@gmail.com
~ til ~-3£":!sb "I oft
CONTENTS
1. U<!>P.!li6lll Publisher's Note

'ii >Jfl~
3l• English (v-vi)
2. 3l l'>l I ,ii~ Acknowledgement

ffi~"j Hindi (vii)
3iD ,:;n English (viii)
3. 1fPl<!>1 Introduction
ffi "'<"I Hindi (ix-x)
3iD"1"J English (xi-xii)
4. ~ lJ-;:Q;f Main Text (1-692)
• '11~"1' <'6"5!' ii&,l

••• ~q,cpf: Set of One (1-3)
•••• i.i~~r~·;sa:, I ~: Set of Two (4-30)
•••• J:11 !!j&I'~- ii&, l '51 ll fll crf: Set of Three (31-105)
•••• CJ~·~·;sa:,1 'tRJcfft: Set of Four (106-182)
•••• ~ <'6"5!' ii&, l 451iJcpf: Set of Five (183-243)

'
•••• ~<!]' <'6"5!' ii&, l tj,Sq•f:

'
Set of Six (244-288)
•••• CJ~5i-~·;sa:,1 fllrjci•I: Set of Seven (289-320)
•••• CJ!'\' <'6"5i'il&, l 3l<ecl•f: Set of Eight (321-372)

.
IV
•••• 1~·'5°"i·u,1 '1 cl cl l f: Set of Nine (373-397)
• q~·~·u,1
••• c;~1c1•f: Set of Ten (398-449)
•••• i;i~·<!Ji<!J·~-u, I qcf>IC:~lq,f: Set of Eleven (450-458)
•••• i;i~-<!J~ I!;''5°"!· u, I El IG~lci<f: Set of Twelve (459-478)
•••• i;i~·<!J~°'·'5°"!·ii~ I '

';!lll<;~lci' i: Set of Thi rte en (479-486)
•••• Q~'Q~ ' 5°"1' ii"!\ il(jc!~1q,f: Set of Fourteen (487-499)
•••• i;if~·iS""l·u,1 Y.5lil<;~lci'f: Set of Fifteen (500-503)

'
•••• q~-~<!]·iS"~·u,1 ~1-S~lci'

' f: Set of Sixteen (504-520)
•••• q~-q~"l·~·u,1 fl'<IC:~lq<f: Set of Seventeen (521-526)
•••• i;ii·i;i!1"iS""i'-o&,I 31"<'.li-;~lcl'f: Set of Eighteen (527-539)
•••• q~·1~·"11!,!'C:."<!]i"l<!] qcfi1.-Jfcl~ld: qcfiY-ill~lq Nineteen to Fifty-one (540-607)
•••• c:.· q~·r:;_·q~·"ll!,I" 9JC:.1!;".i\ 11 ' '

~: qii I~l-1'1: 31 {i c<ll: Fiftyfour-Countless (608-692)
5. 1I,_c'I" yf.l~41· "$) <101f1s1,fllq, ~.ft (693-767)

Alphabetical List of the Main Entries
RI &Si i1"1 Tibetan (693-737)
fl {-<lzd Sanskrit (738-765)
6. 'tlt;lllif> 1J~ "$l ~ Texts Consulted (766-767)
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Publisher's Note
Undoubtedly, the Buddha Shakyan1uni'severy words are considered as

a nectar for the practitioners who are in the process of his practical works with
the sole objective to uproot the disease like aftliction. The main aim of his
teaching dealt with the elimination of ignorance which is truly believed to be
the main cause of suffering.
Since he attained Buddhahood under the Bodhi tree at Bodhgaya, be
tirelessly gave various kinds of teachings not only to human beings but to
Gods, Semi- Gods, Hungry Ghosts and others who had attended for his
teaching in the disguise of ordinary human beings. As per their interest and
capacities, he gave teaching of nectar in three levels so that the listeners or
audiences might not take its meaning wrongly. The sermon that was preached
by him in three levels primarily aims to lead all sentient beings towards
Buddhahood-Which is full of happiness in combination with the perfect
realization of nature of all entities.These three levels are widely known as
THREE TURNING WHEEL OF DHARMA in Mahayana scriptures. The three
turning wheel of dharma expresses the meaning of three higher training i.e.
the higher training in moral discipline, concentration and wisdom.
To correctly understand the practicability and benefits of Buddha's
teaching and others topics which relates to Buddhism (Ten Sciences), the
ordinary human being having loads of trouble need to take guidance from good
teacher or religious friends.
Moreover, to understand these profound teachings, it is important to
have the great knowledge of Buddhism and have strong interest with its
technical terms before one starts the journey of studying Buddha's teaching.
On these accounts, Dr. Sanjib Kumar Das (Reader) Shanktiniketan University
has compiled all the words mostly relevant to Buddhism in one book entitled
"Basic Buddhist Terminology" and translated its Tibetan version into
English and Hindi languages. After almost six years of long journey of
hardships in compiling and translating, eventually he succeeds in making this
book a perfect compilation. The task of publication has been taken- up by
KRPC (Kargyud Relief and Protection committee) at CUTS university,
Saranath, Varanasi. However there were some financial constraints for
publishing this book. The members of 35th KRPC approached His holiness the
17<hThe Karmapa Thinley Thaye Dorjee for financial support. We were lucky
that we got opportunity to have an audience of his holiness and discussed with
him about the main purpose to bring out this book. His Holiness listened to all
the aims and purposes of KRPC with care and curiosity and after that
consented to provide financial support in publishing this book. we the 35th
KRPC executive members on behalf of all the teachers, staff members and
students of the same committee would like to express our gratitude in unison
and may His Holiness remain forever in this materialistic world by giving
VI
sermon like nectar to all sentient beings and may his teachings dispel the
darkness of ignorance and realization be dawned upon their luminous mind.
We also thank to Lama Karma Wandue la (chief_attendant of His Holiness) for
his soulful support for getting audience of his holiness to the members of
KRPC. We thank a lot to Dr. Bhagawati Prasad and Dr. D.K Pattanayak both
lectures in CIBS, Leh for editing and Prof. Shri Narayan Mishra of Banaras
Hindhu University (BHU), Varanasi, for re-editing this book in time. With
respect to proof reading of its Tibetan and English versions; we thank from the
core of heart to Dr. Ramesh Chandra Negi and Geshe Damdul Namgyal. Many
thanks to Dr. Wangchuk Dorjee Negi who helped us in finding well
experienced and authentic scholars in editing this book. We also thank Mr.
M.L Singh and Mr. S.P Singh for re-typesetting in the computer.
The past members of 35•'KRPC treasure Mehar Singh Negi, Asst.
treasure Tashi N amgyal, Secretary Tashi Dorjee and Asst. secretary Devendra
Kumar Negi, who gave so much their precious time, energy, efforts and on the
top of these their dedicated thought towards their responsibilities as Executive
members of 35st KRPC, I thank all my above mentioned members for their
bits in general and for their pure thought towards KRPC in particular.
Although, all necessary arrangements and reliable some delay took place and
finally in the tenure 36th KRPC they published this magnificent dictionary for
the first time in year 2009.
In additional to all, we, 41" KRPC are republishing this magnificent
dictionary as it is immensely useful and indispensable for many people who
are thirst for knowledge. We the 41'' KRPC executive members on behalf of all
the teachers, staff members and students of same committee at the University
of C.U .T.S would like to express our sincere gratitude and immense grateful
to His Holiness The 17th Karmapa Trinley Thaye Dorjee and South Asia
Buddhist Association for generous donation Rs. 1,00,000 dated on 21 •'
December, 2013. Because of such a thoughtful contribution and financial
support makes it possible for us to republish this magnificent dictionary. The
merit from this virtuous task regardless how small it might be, we dedicate
with pure motivation to all mother sentient beings for attainment of
Buddhahood - the perfect realization of Nature of Phenomena.
Lobsang Thokmed
President 41•' KRPC
CUTS
Saranath, Varanasi·
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Acknowledgement
This small book titled 'Basic Buddhist Terminology' is an outcome of

my incessant hardships of last three-four years and of course the auspicious
coincidence, kind guidance and inspiration of many mother-like scholars
and teachers and the high authorities of the Central Institute of Buddhist
Studies, Choglamsar, Leh (Ladakh) to whom I owe my cordial gratitude in
various ways.
To Ven. Dr. Wangchuk Dorjey Negi, Reader in Buddhist Philosophy,
Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, Sarnath, Varanasi, U .P. for
inspiring me as well as suggesting me to publish this book on behalf of the
Kagyud Relief and Protection Committee.
To Ven. Jigme Lose!, President, Kagyu Relief and Protection
Committee, Central Institute of Buddhist Studies, Sarnath, Varanasi for
accepting to publish this book during his tenure.
To Ven. Geshe Dakpa Kalsang, Lecturer in Buddhist Philosophy and
Ven. Geshe Lhundup Shakya, Lecturer in Buddhist Philosophy, CIBS,
Choglamsar, Leh for providing kind assistance and guidance in order to
make the meaning of the words and sentences concerned clear in which I
had doubt
To Dr. Bhagawati Prasad, Lecturer in Sanskrit and Mr.
D.K.Pattanayak, Lecturer in English, Central Institute of Buddhist Studies,
Choglamsar, Leh (Ladakh) for editing the Hindi and English parts
respectively and making revisions of the whole matters with enthusiastic
interest and care.
To Prof. S. N. Mishra (B.H.U.) and Ven. Dr. Ramesh Chandra Negi,
Senior Lecturer, Kagyud Relief and Protection Committee, Central
University of Tibetan Studies, Sarnath, Varanasi, U .P for re-editing and
making revisions of the whole matters with beneficial motivation and care
on behalf of Kagyud Relief and Protection Committee, the Publisher of the
book after it was sent to the Kagyud Relief and Protection Committee,
Sarnath, Varanasi for publish.
Lastly, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to all those writers
and compilers of the books mentioned at the end, which I had consulted as
well as taken help from them. Without the consultation and help of those
books, it would have not been possible for me to present this book in front
of the readers.
01.01.2009 Sanjib Kumar Das

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Introduction
Sakyamuni Buddha, the embodiment of compassion, attained the

Buddhahood under the Bodhitree at Vajrasana (Bodhgaya). Thereafter, he did
welfare to the sentient beings through giving teachings for about forty-five years to
various disciples according to their interest and capacity. Upon implementing his
nectar-like teachings, many beings attained the higher rebirth and definite
goodness. In this way, they could attain their goal of life. The attainment of the
state of Omniscience is the ultimate goal of Buddhist Dharma, philosophy and
Mantrayana. Tathagata underwent many hardships and ascetic practices for the
attainment of this state.
During the life-time of the Lord Buddha, the expansion of his doctrine was
limited to a few countries, such as India, Sri Lanka and so on. Because during
those days, some other countries even did not come into existence. But during the
last two decades, his doctrine has spread not only in India and Sri Lanka, but also
throughout the who le world.
The entire collection of his teachings is called the Three Baskets of

Teachings (Sutra, Abhidhanna and Vinaya). These days, these teachings are
available in one hundred and eight volumes, which are known as Kagyur. On the
basis of category, these are also divided into Sutra and Tantra. On the other hand,
on the basis of science, these are divided into the five branches of sciences. They
are: the science of Grammar, Science of Medicine, Science of Painting and
Handicraft, Science of Logic and Science of Philosophy. Among these five, the
Science of Painting and Handicraft and Science of Medicine are for helping others;
the Science of Philosophy shows the path to liberation and omniscience; the
Science of Grammar eliminates the puzzles and difficulties in making out words;
and the Science of Logic refutes as well as removes the wrong views of others and
overcomes them. These five Sciences are also divided into eighteen sub-sections,
such as Painting and Handicraft, Medicine, Grammar, Logic, Inanimate World,
Animate World, Action, Origin of Birth, Time, Death, Knowledge, Mind, Birth,
Country, Mantra, Dharma and Bodhi.
The Indian and Tibetan scholars wrote so many commentaries and

commentaries on commentaries on those five Sciences. Among them, the
collection of volumes of scriptures written by the Indian Buddhist masters is called
Tengyur, whereas the collection of texts written by the Tibetan Buddhist masters is
called Sungbum.
There are many terms and words used in those original texts and their
commentaries, which are not sufficiently available in other languages except
Tibetan (Bhoti). It is natural to feel difficulties in understanding the exact
..
Xll
meanings of those texts without having proper knowledge about the meanings of
those words concerned. So, what to say about the practice of them without
knowing their meanings! Keeping in view many such necessities, 1 compiled the
Tibetan terms and words given in this book concerning Buddhist History,
Literature, Religion and Philosophy and decided to translate them into Hindi and
English. By the grace of my guru and spiritual friends and also on account of my
persistent efforts during the last 4-5 years, I became successfu 1 in completing the
work.
Although I had consulted several books and taken help from them for the
purpose of compiling the terms given in this book and also quoted a few terms as
they are available in other books, yet I chose the Tibetan book 'Dharmasamgraha'
compiled by Gonpo Wangyal as the base. I have made a short list of those books,
from which I had collected informations has been given it in the index. Since it is
my initial effort in the field of compiling and translating Tibetan books into
Sanskrit, Hindi and English, so undoubtedly it is natural to have committed
mistakes in the book. I earnestly seek guidance from the scholars and readers for
improvement and revision.
Earlier Dr. Bhagavati Prasad, Lecturer in Sanskrit and Shri D.K.Pattanayak,

Lecturer in English, Central Institute of Buddhist Studies, Choglamsar, Leh edited
the Sanskrit, Hindi and English parts respectively. Later, when it was sent to the
Kagyud Relief and Protection Committee, Samath, Varanasi for publish, the book
was re-edited by Prof. S. N. Mishra (B.H.U.) and Ven. Dr. Ramesh Chandra Negi,
Senior Lecturer, Kagyud Sampradaya, Central University of Tibetan Studies,
Sarnath, Varanasi on behalf of the said Committee. I humbly extend my gratitude
to these teachers for their kind assistance. I would also like to thank Shri Yeshe
Stanzin for making type-setting of some Tibetan parts of this book.
Hope, this book will be proved helpful not only to those interested Tibetan
readers and researchers in the field of Buddhist History, Literature, Religion and
Philosophy, but also to the Hindi and English ones too.
By the merits accrued from compiling, translating and editing this book, may
the nectar-like doctrine of the Buddha spread in the whole world and the world
become peaceful!
January, 0 I, 2009 Sanjib Kumar Das

One
~c/,9,!5-
+Fi iltr I ~ I One four hundred arm-

Meditative concentration on spans (A distance about two
single arrangement. miles).
~~-11]3<!] l;cf,: ,w.r: I l;c/, ,w.r I One
One moment; Momentary; One nature; Same identity.

instant.
~·t1"11]3 1,r~~r(llj~·<11 ~c/,"1lffi~fa~oi; I

<'11l!l"J I One iron-particle.
l;c/, ~ ~ ~Fa~oi; I One is
obstructed by one birth. et· II] 311] l;c/, '1, •I<>11-( I l;c/, ~I
One pair.
'1l!lc/,c'll I One great kalpa.

One water-particle.
tum; One cycle (e.g. the

eighteen turns in our kalpa). One hour; An hour.
~; l;c/, 51~ ~ I One cubit l;c/, cR"-~ I One pair of great

(18" approximately). ones.
'lJ'-~'al')'ll]311] l;cf,: 31+H--'<1' I l;c/, ~''i",'50J'<!]3 <!] l;c/, RH:,"1 I l;c/,
3H-i ,:.9.1 I One countless; One fu<";,"1 I One particle of

incalculable. sunrays.
l;c/, 1 11, "1 : I l;c/,
~-"'1' I One day and night.

One
instant; A twin of moments. 11'I01"1 I A measurement equal to

sixteen miles.
(f<ttn") I A span of fingers of

hand (From the tip of the thumb period of 24 hours (full day and
to the tip of the middle finger night).
when extended).
::J~·<i·9%"1 i:;ci,: q11\11:. ~m: I
i:;cfi lf<W:I; i:;cfi ~ I One
fl~li! I One week. chapter, A section; A division
(A section of a book consisting
Cl.~•.r"1%"1 i:;ci,: cl:fTll: I i:;cfi cl:fTll I number of chapters).
One fathom.
~ cfi<'CT I An intermediate
4-1'11'1 I One atom. kalpa.
::J,;· iii'\""1%"1 ~ cf\fu: ; i:;ci,: 31 'fl it 111 : I
41"11"1-lCJTl'I I One stone-measure. i:;cfi cl:JcltfR-3l'f1iilc'I I One

interruption.
~"1·r.r·"1%"1 ~ AqR'a: I i:;cn AqR'a I
One reverse identity.
"i o,i· "1%"1 i:;cfi: <fc!: I i:;cfi <fc! I One c/J IRc/J I I One verse; One meter;
One stanza.
barley grain.
~ "l'"1"1" "1 %9
One day.
One scriptural volume; One
~o,i· "1%"1 i:;cfi i: &1 'f I i:;cfi s;cl1 I
book; One volume of. scripture.
One substance.
2
I;'!>: One
One single. One family, One generation.
W I A period of time equal to ~qx;:,i: 1 i:ri, 3lfc1x;:,i; i:ri, ~qx;:,i 1

24 minutes. One sheep-particle.
~ I One nature; Same One verse; Meter; Stanza.

identity.
~ 31-s'.),fc;r'll1'l I
' ' '
i:ri,: 'll'l1'f: I i:ri,
ci, ~ qRsi1011
i:ri, 31-s;'Jfc;r
I One sexagenerary (A
'll'l1'! Snapping of one's finger.
cycle of sixty years).
fc;ra,r I Measurement of one

~1~""1 I One rabbit-particle. finger.
3
Set of Two
1~·q'ijlljlll'llj'Z)IIIJ ~31· IJJC:. 111·')C:.'~ 31· IJJC:.o;· 31· truth and incorrect conventional
truth.
'1:13i·<1i.l.·13i·1:J'i9" r
ID q R<1> R-<l ct1 (ID q R<1> R-<l c1-
EJ1l'f )- qll\llqRc/i~atl't:,
31qlj\li4Ri!5~cil'.l4~-i)fa I
-
Ill c:.·r
err qR<1>R-<lc1 (Qlf)- 'l<Wl 1G 141'.i "fill~ - gi:J,fi '.!cl!IT'f"f,

f1 'l ll f1 '.!~ ilfi'r I
q R c/i ~ a tl't
qRi!5~a tl't I
Til!TT 31 q ll \ ll
err ll <Ii I~ * "flllcl',TR- ~ ~
~ "fi:fce.TR Til!TT wn:I ~
Two types of imputed pheno-
mena- Nominally imputed ~ "fi:fce.TR I
phenomena and actually Two kinds of motivations-
imputed phenomena. Causal motivation and motiva-
tion of time.
13i'3illl'f~·aiC:.lll'llj:, 1111 tQ,'13i' 3i o;· f 3i'
fil'j'~·ariqi, 1111 ~{90,·~·~1·%9·31·1c:.·
.rc:..,.'\c:.·"'-s"·~a·13i·3io;· f 3i·.rc:..,.~1 r
~"· 31 ~a·~1·%9·31 1
Ell ~<IB~- g<:J,fi cf<'I ~I:, '1i<'f-
f1 cf<'I ~ I~i) fa I
I'& 141'.1 : lffUT: - i!5 I4 f1 ,:q "'1lffUT:'
err ~<IBTI- g<:J,ficft'l~I ~

f1 cf<'I ~ I I
'1i<'f-
err ll <Ii I~*
i!51<i11"ci&1°1~il I
lffUT- i!5 I4ti l-G "'1 lffUT
Til!TT i!5 I<i1 1"ci lffUT I
Two types of ever-afflicted
phenomena (ever-affliction)- Two types of moments- The
Ever-afflicted phenomena of span of time, which is one third
cause and ever-afflicted of a finger and moment of the
phenomena of result. extreme end of aeon.
1~·{q-iq:,111 1 UJC:.''\ 9'13i { l:J''\C:. ·af9. <IQ,. \"l:, 1111 91J.9"'l'\"-''"·~r

1~{1:l[ Ell if> i lJ't (f& if> 1ll: )- f, q i!5 Ill ,
1'14i!51ll~i)fa I
I'& [41'.j ~ Rt '(i <'ll 'l- f1 R.1 cf{i <1fa- err "if>Tll'- "f,11" cfifll Til!TT tl"f cfifll I
f1,l1 "\, PiV11x-i"tfatii:1~ <f} ti'{Rt ~ - tiR.Jc/i Truth body.
x-i <t fa f1 <ell ~ PiUIT {i 't fa ,i <ell I ,
Two kinds of conventional
truths- Correct conventional
4
Set of Two
!jlllll'Q. !1-i'i!J ,;·i:i1:1· GT si <Ii 1-1 '<l>c"l- Q c;1 q <Ii 01

c'fm 3f".\cl <Ii Ii! <Ii 01 I
~ °i·~· 9,;·~9· ''f'[5'\' r,p:;""i·~·~ °i'~·9,;·
The two kalpas (aeons)- The
~9 kalpa of light and the kalpa of
darkness.
ITT ~ I ~ u I ' I '1 '1 't-'I 3JT'll 'l "l,a't
1,! C:.: 11<'fl - f1 I'i 1.-/.11 w:r:. ~-
l'cT'>I ll ~il fa I <:i ;s111· rJQ, '1'1 '°i.i!J'{·ll~1[
:tli(OI "lf1'R <1>'14 ~ GT
3lT'll 'l "I,i:1 1,!<;:l"f<'f- -t1 I '11 ~ - ~ tll<H'.l- Q<!ifafilclti'i.
c '
Q$1r'\i-
3ITw:I ~ f21 ~ I tc: -3ITw:f I f1 Icl ti "ilRl I
Two types of persons who take GT tl I cl £1- Qc/t fa f1 Icl 8 (f2:fl
refuge- Ordinary person and Q$1r'\i'!.ilclti I
special person. Two misdeeds- Natural misdeeds
and proscribed misdeeds.
~111·1:1 ~~"l'9; Ill\ !1-i'5JC:' 'l'")C:·~'i' CJ'\'
1•r.•1111·.qfc:·or9;1111 9~9"''fli!Jlll'")C:'9~9111·
;s-il
51 1·1'1 i!J 111 1
ITT :t1-1°1 11JJ.:if<llillil- *111-11r1.1f211i11.1:
f21 ~ Itc: f21 Iii ll ~ il fa I ~Ell\!,i,ll'1_- ~ . ~ -
:t I'10 I "lfJR qi GT f<l Iii ll- ~I
'(i I'i I"'-1-fcrtrll ~ f21 ~ I <\:'. - fcrtrll I GT ~ EIT\!,- ~ ~
Two objects of taking refuge- ~I
Ordinary object and special Two higher realms- Form-realm
object. and Formless Realm.
ai:i111·l!J; "' I ta.. ai:i111 ·1c:."l!ll!·rsa..al""' 1
fG f<lq :tl-1°1'1_- ~<j~lx 0 1'j. i::J,c'f- i:i ~ -i"t9lll'i!Jf10:,'<II
mui "ilRl I
tGf<lm '341ui1'l't ~ .
GT si<1>1-1 <!ft :t1-101 ~<j'!iiYl m
'3q'(iA.1<·;]qll9.lll1~iJfa I
om 4ic1'!iici) m 1
Two kinds of refuge- Causal
GT si<1>1-1 qi '3q1ui1,i- Q~ftia
refuge and resultant refuge. ~ om \34{lRJC:I
~I
<:i~"l''f9; Ill\ {-i. <:i l';\"l' ")C:.'!:!-i' <:i l';\"l I Two kinds of abbots- Abbot of a
novice and abbot of an ordained
ITT "'<"it- Q <!'I q <Ii 01:. 3["~-
monk.
cj, 01 ~il fa I
5
Set of Two
~"i·§~· ·111,:_·
rij~oq"l~"l ~·~·<:J1l·&1~ "i·r.r1c:·ti 1·
· ~111· ~ ·"'"ill1.'1~A· '\'-·1"i'"' 'i "1 ~· ~ ·111"'-·~111·
cia ·&1~ "i·ci~11
~'"''\"1'~-il
it ffi- "ll211$11•1'j, 111/l'-'{$11"1
~I ~~El: 1!'s.'l<i11<'11Jli'!=- m -
<IT A<Ii I\I ~ fflof- "ll21 I$11 '1 cf.m g,p 1<il I"1 \l Ii'!:, q R<1>fc:G age;-
111/l'-'{$11"11 •1<i1 I<'l\ll 8~il fa I
Two knowledges- Knowledge of <:t '!t:..'l<ill<'l'lli'!- m gc:;•1<i11-
all as it is (all ultimate know- <'l\ll8 cf.m qR<1>fc:Ga gc:;•1<i11-
ledge) and Knowledge of all <'l\ll8 I
that exists (all conventional Two graspings at the self of a
knowledge). person- Innately grasping at the
self of a person and imputed
~---,"1'"1~"1 ~"-''!!111''\"'-'"-f"-''!!111' grasping at the self of a person.
i"i'~ll
'lf"~~~·,r~1r"l~"l ~·("l'Cl''\"'-."i'-'
!rt 'qjljq Ii.ill- 'tli/>il l<iJ:, 'l81'tli/>-
ci~11
<l l<i1 ~il fa I
<IT 'q ii> q I <ii- 'R=l<i, 1"1 il I G:,
'tl ib <l I<il I ,i'l <i, R=I <i, I"141 c; ~'i') fa I
Two types of circumferences- <IT 111 <Ii I"tl q Ii:;- ~ R=i<!l I"1 il IG
Circumference and great cf.m 'ite R=i<!l 1"1 il IG I
circumference. Two schools of philosophy-
qg4"1WqgQf~WIIJ~'IJ (111'Cl''\C:'<:Jl5~' School of non-Buddhists and
School of Buddhists.
Cl''\"'-'(111'Cl'"i"'-'il '<:J ;s~·ci 1
~~~~~ll'lfllJ~"l 1~·(,:_·~·1~'"-~"i'
~~•i 111f.d$ll'l'{- <1>fc:Ga$111'{.
31clifc:Ga$11'1 ~ I
1c:·sc:·t "''~ &1~·1cia·'\~ ·"'~"i' ~11
<IT A<Ii P< ~ 1J I "tl l!R- <Ii fc:q a ~~El: ""'tf:- ~~:. ~ -
"$1"R cf.m 31 <Ii fc:q a "$1"R I titl~ilfa I
Two kinds of deceptive cog- <IT A<lil\l ~ 'fl'tf- ~ <ITT ~
nition- Conceptual deceptive cf.m~<ITT~I
cognition and non-conceptual Two kinds of holy communities-
deceptive cognition. Holy community of ordained
monks and holy community of
Bodhisattvas.
6
Set of Two
;·'11'11611 '\"-~·~-'\"-'Cl~'\' ~ r
'\S1"<:il'.1r•r"f, 61 ! 1j'lj'CJ il61' '\m· CJli!.J·"''\"-·
f&Fclu: tcJ;:- 'War$)::. ~ -
1j'l1'~'\·'\m·CJli!.J·"i{!I ~I
Jrt art-am- {ilcl~141§4 (mq- err SI I, ~ tcJ;- 'Wmc( ~ ~
~~141§4), f.'l,c1:i141i_!4 (f.'l{iq[Ef- ~ (4,"N'-11) ~ I
:/14154) ~ I Two kinds of causes- Direct
err anhi:-
{i1c1:t14 JIBc'( ( ~ cause and indirect cause.
JIBc'() cf\1TI' f.'!, cl ~'14 JIBc'( ;·51~<>i·!·<1.!l61'~·"f ,61f a~·"·~-i!,J~"'·~·
( ~ JIBc'()I
Two Foe-Destroyers- Foe- "'!l61·s·'\"'·&"'·Cj' ~-i!,J~"'·~ ·"'s~·s ;{r r
destroyers with remainder and
foe-destroyers without remain-
t r.i lill ~ q, iii - cj, (1
C
f.'I ISll ;.,-; q, "1 'i .
'
~ cl f.'i lSll .,-; q, c'i ~ I

der.
errr.i lill ~ q, C'1- ~cj,-c(1..+f.'1-"nn-lSll-;.,-;-q,~"1 ~
'l."f"l'CJ'~lSl'<l'"f, 61\ 1j"J %'11 ·&· '11"1 ~· o, '11 ''r ~ cl f.'I ISll .,-; Q5 ci1 I
The two result corresponding to
'\"-. '4"J.~"'. ~ "'·o,'11 "I r its cause- The result corres-
f&fclq: ~l'.f:- {i51'1clx'/.11'1Fcl,11ca. ponding to its actions and the
q,ft1,4Rs"Fc1~1r.1~'<ifi'l 1 result corresponding to its
err Sl<l>I{ ~ fcl{)q {i51'1cl- expenences.
~ c'f:m q,fti,qRgl{-
;'\·"f ,61! '4' ~'\.'\"-'i!.J' ~'\ r
fcrm:r I
Two kinds of contradictions- t ~- fq(1<1.--o1'!, 'il(1c1.--d ~ I
Contradiction not abiding err Sl<l>I{ ~ ~ - fq 1t1.--o1 ~
simultaneously and contradic- 'il(1c1.--o1 I
tion cancelling each other. Two tantras- Father-tantra and
Mother-tantra.
<1.{,:i·~i!,J'"""l'61 ! "'"'·o,*'\"-.CJ\"'ffi:{rr
(&r~&I'<l'"f' 61 ! '\~'\. ( i!,J' '\"'·'\("!'ii!,/1
-irfTI: f& fcl \'.11- ~ : , {j' Ifi'I ~ -t1 fi'I I
err 1.l'<l>R ~ -ir!TI- ~ Q\1TI' f& fcll'.11 1-J I<'FIi- ~.
w@r1 ~~I
Two kinds of sentient beings; err SI I{ ~ "'l I<I'll - fcl ii 1-t'i Icl '11,
two kinds of migrators- Unfor- ,~1
tunate beings and fortunate Two kinds of meditation-
beings. Analytical meditation and stabi-
lizing meditation.
7
Set of Two
elements and unconjoined sound

caused by primary elements.
ffl<l'l:J'lff;llllf ~"i'il:J'~r::.·~~-il:J'Qll
~
"'l l ~ 3!1<'Nn'l- cfi'l~11,1xo1'1. $11.ililx"i

f&fcl'411-ll<Ftl•ll•f:- ~ - ,Wr I
-.:rrrf: C'llc/Jlrn{'11il11'll'f~ilR1 I GT ;{Jlq'{DI- cfi'l~11q,01 1;cf
GT y ~ .:i, 1-ll<Ftl>!l•f- c11Ric/J- $1lllilx 01 I
''llil11>11' f 1;cf. c11c/Jlrn'1''11i:l11'll•
' ' fI Two obscurations- Delusive
Two types of the Path of obscuration (Obstruction to
Meditation- Worldly Path of liberation) and obscuration to
Meditation and the Trans- knowledge (obstruction to
worldly Path of Meditation. Omniscience).
i·~ll'l'll'f ;"1\ 1"i{l:J"~-l~~-~,i'{"i·~a.i-~.

l~~l 'lll:J' ~ r::. -"-~ ll'f '~"i·"l "1 '"-~ ~-cia_ ·~r~- '!ll:J'
!i't >lllll<t>lll't- tiqR1'lllllc/Jlll. i:J.;~-~ll
1Rlrr2f'l 11.11 cb II.I ~ii R1 I
GT M<l>I'{ <f> >lllll<l>lll- *1iqR1cb "'IC:.'"il
'illllcblll ~ ~ 'lllllcblll I
Two illusory bodies- Conven-
,"'·&fr::.·~·~r~- 'lll:J'"f·,"'·&fr::.·a.i· u1 "'·ciq.
tional illusory body and ~r~- 'lll:J"l:J"'·"'t<11·~ ·~r "I"'!l<l'Qf 1
ultimate illusory body.
~r"g,q·lff ;ll'l1 al"'· q· "l~·§r::. l:Ja_.;· ~r::.·a.i.'ai"'·
f& fclEl I ft~:- <'l1 f4, cb R:J f.l';:,
ctl c/Jl rn xR:l f.l'; ~ 'cl R1 I
l:J'"l"l'§C:.'<tr.l.·;~ll 31~
f& fcl El : 11liiG:- '3 q I<'f1 'l i51"ia@\j,cb-

~=-~:
('3 rn 'l R:J f.l';:) "ilfi'r I
=·
"°""• GT M<l>I'{ ~ ft~- c1iRicb
3! jY Irn 'li5 l"id@\j,cb~I ~ ~ii R1 I
M ff<m ct1 c/Jlrn" M 1
GT M<l>I'{ <f> 11liiG- '3Yl<i1'161"Ff- "I.IT
~ Wi.c; ~ 3!jYlrn ~ - ~ M ~ 3ffiltITTUT M
~ Wi.c; I <lT (3<'f11-j M I
Two kinds of sounds- Conjoined
sound caused by pnmary
8
Set of Two
The two actual attainments- iSI "i'Cl'll]'l)lllf

Worldly attainment and trans-
worldly attainment. ci"'.<,·ci'i9111·<1l.l: l'111·111("'i·<li>'.f I <Qc;'"il
OR
3.1('\'<l'':)"i'CJ~ 111·1z::·3.1('1'<l'3J(11
Common attainment and
uncommon attainment or !f't 3lflll'.l ,jf- 1:Rl11~ ,1 i<!> R1-
supreme attainment. ~I
,t111·ci·~&rcr9~ 111! i:!a.rl:f·,z::~ 111·<1i>'.11 q[
~:~1
"IC.'"i! zj- 3lfm.l 4- 1:Rl110 3ffel'w\ ~
f11<l>R1c/> ~ I
"'~111· :;i111·'i z::·"'~111·111·s111 ·.fr I
m
"IC.'"i! 01~~~1
The two Abhidharma-s (Meta-
~·1z::.'\!:jlll''li>'.11
physics)- Ultimate Abhidhar-
f& !41'.l: 1'flq:- ~ : i1 <'1"11 -irfi'r I ma and Nominal Abhidharma.
OR
Abhidharmasamuccaya and
fi f</J <1 '1
C '
3l fi '/-cbC rl -irfi'r I Abhidharmakosa.
q[
~:, 'PC'i -irfi'r I i'111·i·r:i,9·~"i'~&rcr9~1111 ~"i·i111·~·

zj" II iii 1~ et 1'flq- ~ 1:!c[
i1 <1 'i I~ 1ft C'l tf[c[ I t Ill ~·r:i19'"'~"i'1Z::'':)'\'Cl'j 9111·~'t Ill'~·
m CJ19'"'~"i'~ ·9~ 111·.f11
fi ~ a ~ 31=,1rr·
'l-c/= ,=a I
0
m f&l4u: l'.liflc-'1'.116:- f1i5v1t1.\1<"1-
~ ~ 1:f>c'I I ,::m,: qRc/>ftqat141<"1i11i5~'<1R1 I

Two kinds of substances zj" II iii 1~ et l'.l if 1c"l-"IJ"l6- f1 i5 "1
(phenomena)- Inanimate subs- t141<"1llli5 ~ qRq,ftqa t1.\1<"1-
tances and animate substances ,::m, I
OR Two kinds of grasping at the
Compounded and Uncompounded. self of a phenomenon- Innately
OR grasping at the self of a pheno-
Cause and result. menon and imputed grasping at
the self of a phenomenon.
9
Set of Two
~ ~11Rg·:f
~'ll'""q~,~1c-11~11.1='1- g?I ~ii I
<rr ~1R'I- ~11Rg?1 ~ ~ -
"1'-''11 c-1111.1ii g?I I
The two supreme pairs-
~·=:~·illl'')l:.'{Qjlll'CJ3-·i'111·~11 Sariputra and Maiigalyayana-
f&f.'11'.1) Eflf:- ~sfwr,,- putra.
t14~-c1 fa I 111i''i'~'I·~lll'<l'"J ~ 1111 ll1;sc;·F "'·.;'I·~ 'i·'i "''''I"
" ..,.,'i 11
<:J''l/'S'~'i
f&f.'lel: ~:- fH,'lt1«r1 ~ -
1it1«[4~-c1fa I
"llT <IT 1l<IITT' ~ ~ - fli$'1t1 ~
~~~I ~~~I
Two types of the dharma- Two kinds of stiipas- Stiipa with
Dharma for teachings and pure house and stiipa with
Dharma for realization. pillars.
OR
Scriptural Dhanna (The trans- llli''i'"I'~51'<1'"1 ~ "'I ~"'' ,lc;' ~ 'i!J:i')'CJ' 'i"'.
mission of Buddha's teachings
extant in oral and scriptural ! 111·~"I'CJ3-'i!Jl\CJit11
form) and Dharma for realiza- <Qt:,''11
tion (The transmission of
insights). ~"'·ac;. ~ ·i!J i 'i' ci· 'i"'·ij"l'<13-·i!J i 'i·CJit11
llli'"l'"l~IIII "l'\'1i'l'i5.\'i'-'.f1:))'it'i 1 f&m 1I,uff- 311 fi'I ~ q:_vi 1. '1 '1~ Pi R'ic1
• 1rilT 1*[ I
!i't ,Jl'fo't (311ill<if)- 'J"l\l'l-f: ~llcfl.1- <IT
~I
311 fi'I ~ ')..vi I, \l fa q f<'<-1 ')..vi I
1*f I
<a ,Jl-io (311'<114)- 'J"lll'l-f ~
<IT :II <Ii I~ <!fr 1I,uff- 3!Tfi'ri1 1rilT
~ 11 cfl.1 \l '1-f I
~ lf'1 &RT Fcl f6 t1 1rilT I
The two supreme ones
"llT
(Aciiryas)- Gm;iaprabha and
Sakyaprabha. 3!Tfi'ri1 1rilT ~ \l fa q f<'<-1 q:_vi I I
Two kinds of offering- Offering
llli'"l·~i:;·•1 ~1111 ,-i ·~a_· El' 'i "'-~<ii0 .rsit11 of material goods and offering
• manifested by the mind .
OR
10
Set of Two
Offering of material goods and

the offering of practice.
.i,{11
~9-~oj'll]'llll f 'i·~-q_~9-~oj'')C:.'<l~\~'
~ I cl t'li irt f.'I I lfl- ~:
~51lll'iloj'~l1 f11~1f.'a<1>~ilfa I
~1<1<1> ci, GT f.'1<1>1ll- ~
1{ct f11 ~ If.'n I
fffcl <'I'I ~ t1 I
Two schools of Sriivaka-
GT <'IT<!,- 'l-1 I"11 &I I 1{ct ~
Viribh~ika and Sautrantika.
c'l1cli I
The two worlds- The inanimate {51lll'~9·9,lllj ll."l"l'<IQ.' {511!,l"ll_~"l'')C:.'
world and the animate world.
i
q_~-~ l!,l' .sl 'i' <IQ.' 51 "l 'll_~"l
i_lll'')"'ll]'ll]'llll ,;c:.\a(l"l''\"'9'')C:.'ll]"joj
~ fl'll4'rll- ~ : ~ -
\3i·i_ "l'')<III] fi$11{i'114Ri-1~ilfa I
GT fl>i1qf@lli ~
31:!,'ll•i f&m- ~ ~ - 1{ct 4<Hi$11fl'114f<l1 I
lJFl I ~
Two meditative absorptions-
GT Y~ ci, 31:!,'11'1- ~
The meditative absorption of
c"f:1:!T~I cessation and the meditative
Two types of inferential cogni- absorption of non-discrimina-
tions- Inferential cognition for tion.
self and inferential cognition for
others. { 511!,l'~9·9·ill ·~ lll'~grr.i·9, lll j 51'6"51 "l'
i."l·~sc:.·~51·r.i·9,G11 'i'i·r.iq·i_"l'll.!lc:.·'ic:.· .sl 'i -~' { 51 "l 'q_~9 'ul -~ l!,l' ')C:.' ~51' .i,;· ~,,.r
"l':ii·~"l'q_ ,lC:.' c:.' 11 QQ,' f 5l"l'll_~9·ul -~"ll
- ,:,,, -. -v"
~
IGl4EI: 31:!,'(-JI~- %1,lSjfll-ll IGl4EI" fl'll4Rdi,11'1'1_ 311°FfFl-

Uifljfll-ll ~ I {l'11 q f<l1 $11'1 fi1 'jFcln '1 I'ifl'1 I4 f<l1
GT ll<l>I~ cf> 31:!,fll~"I ~ - ~~I
31 jfl 1-ll Tim U41 jfl 1-ll I GT ll<l>I~ cf> '(-J'114Rdi,11'1-
Two kinds of followers- 311'1.-f4-fl'114Ri'1$111 1{ct
Follower who goes by faith and fi1'jfckl>i1•i-fl'114Ri'1$11'1 I
follower who goes by dharma. Two wisdoms of meditative
absorption- The boundless
(uninterrupted) meditative
11
Set of Two
absorption and the meditative ~<Iii~ qi ~ - i'.1"'1i!\ ~ ~

absorption of thorough libera- 3WITTl ~ I
tion. Two types of reasons- Correct
reason and fallacious reason.
~c:·~-~"\·~~CJ·.11J~~1 "'~111·~5i·CJa.·~ ::.·~ ·
"-~°'i· "it:..,,_~'l~°'i. <1J ~-"''\ ~-CJ3.. ~::..~."-~°'i I
'i"l~""IC:''\"l'"l'~"l'CJ~'fi"\~'')S'"\'"1~~1
,;,:,-~"i'~'!\,,,~."'IC: '\' 1''\t:.. "l "l°'i -~"i.~.
"IC:'"\1
{ "l 'CJ'1t:..CJ~~·~,:,''\~'\' CJ' '\t:.. CJ~~-CJ3.. ~ t:,.
!\111~."It:.''\I!].llll
~-"-~°'i I { "l'CJ·al 1·<1J·1~'\'CJ'~·1::.·CJ~~-

\l<11<:;ll'!fll~o1 flRJ•~a): &l
-.tc:'t-~ : '1xl2-lfll-11'l-
CJ3.·~ ::.·~ .,,_~°'i I ~I
\1<11,n qi 3l'!fll'< flRJ, ~ qi
f& fclq: ~Pll ~ :- "11 fch cfi fP1 Iru:
<IT ih:'- ffl i'.1 l-11 cl\ ~ ~
<'11 cfil ct1i'.i'.1'11 lti ~tj RI I '1xl~ fl l-11 cl\ ~ I
cfT The two types of correct reason
fl Fc1 a<lo: fl Fc1 'ell x: 'f!l1'lfu: . 3l Fc1 aq;1 according to the disputants-
fc1illi'.l-Jl?i: ~ I Correct reason for one's own
<IT ~<Iii~ ~ fi'il~- c1lfchcfi purpose and correct reason for
fl 'i Ilti' ~ C'1l q;) ct1 i'. fl •11 lti' I the purpose of others.
<IT
fl fc1 i'1 <lo ~ i'.1 fc1 tj Ii'. 'f1'l1'lfu TI:!TI
3lfc1i'1clo ~ fc1illi'.l-Jl?i fl'llru I ~CJ'!\ll1~·'\t:.'"-"l"l'!\111~·~ 11
~
The two concentrations-

Worldly concentration and f11Elll'!fll~OI flRJ'~ffi: &'t ,tc:'t-
!rans-worldly concentration. ~ : ~fll-11'g<!~'f1RI I
OR f11Ul Ef'f qi 3t'!f11'< flRJ, ~
Concentration possessing both qi <IT ih:'- ~ fl l-11 cl\ ~ ~
conception and scrutiny, and ~ fl"'1i!\ ~ I
concentration lacking concept- Two types of correct reasons
tion but scrunity only. according to the way they are
i;9~-~~CJ'11]~~1 l\"l~'u.Jt:.''\"l''\t:.'lj"l~' applied to the predicate-
Positive reason and contradict-
'li". ".I::.·f II tory reason.
~: f&fclq:- ·HRl'gcj,: 3TI'lffi1'-
gcj,~'<1Ri I
12
Set of Two
CJr.\"CJ'\<11"~ '\'\ll
t arrwl"~"&- g"~Rl1'\. 'l 11 '(1 " ' '(-<I tl ,i'; ,if ~ Fcl u: -
,=-:11 R ti i\fc'r I
err arr~ ~"lli-
M1R11 I
g-5~f.'i:11 ~ 'l II tl cJi
~
*-g_
3ll'l'll~'l'll<"icb~i1R'I I
i!-l ,i'; if err
3ll 1 1'll<"icb
sfq;""R
~
*
Two sense faculties on basis (the ~I
sense faculties on the basis of Two types of the Master's holy
sex)- The male organ and the dharma- Dharma of scriptural
fen1ale organ. transmission and Dharma for
realization.
~~-~~"l'~&l'<l'"l~Glf ~1.\-~ ~-1:1."§"I ''\~- ~~
<111~·i:ia-~Gl'"l~'lf CJ "lj~·ci· t'\"·'\:;·ci "lj~-
~ ·~~'1:1.S"l'afll
r.J·~-'\"' I
~ Fclu: 11 cf1c-'li!-l'..l,c{[R:- ,mrr-
~
q <:1l<'11f1 j"1 Ic; :,
~
3ltl1 I<"i q <:11,11- .it ,i'; !l 11 tt -1 t'll ID
tt 'l ,rt - 'l'!-
~ 11 t1.-i cb lc'1: 31q~~llt1'icblc'l~i1RI I
err
i!-l j"1 Ic; ~ii I
!>I I'{ * 1;nfl c-'l tl 'jc{[R-
<ITTIT qifkl1f1j"11<; ~ 3lUITT"l
<l'r.i. 'l II tl -1 * err
tl 'l 'l-
~lli!-l'icblc'I ~ 3l1:R ~lli!-l'icblc'I I
'l'I
q i:11 <'11 tl j"1 IG I Two periods of Buddhism- The
Two kinds of dependent origin- early period of Buddhism and
nation- External dependent the later period of Buddhism.
origination and internal depen- il"l'<>l '~&l'<l""l ~ 'If "11!-l"~ .'~ 'l'f "ol. '\:;.iil -~ l!,l'
dent origination.
~-i!"l·<l) 'CJ~l!,l'~ll
!~·qa·t,·~-"l~Glf '4&1·ci1\· ~ ·<E"~-'\~·~ Gl
~: ~ fclq:- cJi 4Fil .=s; "W',-
sl!,l·~·~-<E"~-~ll
ru "S,~i1 RI I
ID 311qfn.l<l•rf-
S:tilt c1 cl' \~ -c1 RI
I
q1x1fvicJi,p\: err llif,I~
$11 'i Rl.=s;
* ~-
I
cJil-Jfil"S, ~
err 3ll4fn.l<l•f- q1~1fvicJicp\ ~ Two kinds of drop- Drop of

S,tilt c1 cl'\ I action and drop of wisdom.
Two classes of moral downfall-
That of· Defeats and Faults.
13
Set of Two
1-16141'1 &l"141'1 'cl I The two-fold favourable

err "llT'i"- 1-16141 'i ~ 131 'i 41 'i I conditions for the maturation
The two vehicles- Greater vehicle of Mahayana outlook- Out-
and Lesser vehicle. wardly, the teaching of the
noble doctrine by others and
iil"j·r.ra\B\·Q1l.·B\i:;·"1ij'l·~·1s·<1·"Jlii'll t4,;· inwardly, proper mindfulness,
SB\ ·iil "1 'CJ' ')C:·~"ljl!-l'~·iil "]' CJQ.&r\l·iil "1' aspiration for the wholesome
thing.
CJ~ll
iil lf\'"I'iB\·Q1l.·l."j'l'"Jlii'l! "-C:. <l~B\. "lB\ l!,l'
>J1o1<11-1"t<1 ID -3qiJ c:1-
q1~fi'1a1-
~"Jl!ol''\c:· ~l!,l·i,.~ ,;·~-~"Jl!oll "''-'B\I
'llToi 1-1 .=:, 4 Ioi (i:l '-ii 4 Ioi) ~ I
>J1o1<11-1 * err
'34-il c:
~
"-"Ji!ol' ~
l!ol'\' l' \c:·,;"11!,l' -
ll' l!ol'\'CJ"-11
q1~fi'1i:1141"1 ~ 1-1.=:,41"1 (i:l'-il41"1) I
Two sub-schools of Mahiiyiina- 1-J1,141"1•1l~t'll ID ilGl-
Perfection-vehicle (Piiramitii- ~= f1'.!Gl'R1<:1 1 rl?!~i.1 I
yana) and secret mantra-vehicle <IT
=
~<j,4- ' 3l~<j,4 111?1~i.l
" I
*
1 11-51:
(Mantrayana or Vajrayana).
'iil"J·CJ·i 81·Q1l.·l."l'l''l'\·q,,;51·~·11!!B\·<ia·
"16141"1 m err -.h:--
~ iii fa ~4!1" TffiiJ ~ f1 '.! c; Iff1 i:1 Tffiil I
~B\·"Jlii'll s·'\11·CJ1.l.·tl!ol {B\''l'"l"IB\·~· m
~ Tffiil Q1m 31 ~ <j,4 Tffiil I
~B\ I B\t:'i<>1'<1~.3i·cll'\'<>1'S, \CJ''\~ ·<11.l.· Two types of Mahiiyiina-family-
The naturally abiding family
t l!ol'"l'"-~B\'CJ~ll and evolved family.
'16141"1•1)~ Yi4«114 ID OR
The awakened one and unawa-
31 :J.<t>...cl ',I c-4 41- f14 'f ~~l'i I
kened one.
'f4T(1 <116-11 jifi...cl~ f4 4:, ~
~ : 41f.'1~n1-1'iffli:li1~ m iil"j'r.f')IIB\'r.f"Jlii'l\ S,' 9"]' ~·<1· '\ C:·11\ ~'
'
CJ~ll
13"1 -1 <I I -1 t-<l ID il-c;l- ~:
fl1 -511 f.'\-1 i:li ~ ii fa
131"141"1 * err -.h:--
f1~ -511 f.'\-1 i:li I
I
~ ~
Two schools of Hinayiina-

Vaibhasika and Saiitrantika.
14
Set of Two
The two extremes- Extreme of

eternalism and extreme of nihi-
'IIC:'i\1 lism.
OR
u:r'\·"a...,~"'·'\._·.i '\."a·...~~n Extreme of existence and
extreme of non-existence.
'IIC:'i\1 OR
Extreme of indulgence for in
"-~ \ r,i· 'l Ol\ f" "'l'~·"le"-·'\'-·,;"l'q· '\"l"-' desire leading to depletion of
~z;J·~·..,e~l 1 merits and extreme of self-
mortification.
'IIC:'i\1 OR
Extreme of preceding one and
f 'l\'~." ijQ,' '\'-.~·...a....e~11 extreme end.
OR
'IIC:'i\1 Extreme of overestimat:on
i·"-1\'9"'l'~·... ~Cl,''\'-.~"'Cl,~ "'l'~·...~~11
'l
(exaggeration) and extreme of
underestimation.
al 3Rll- ~11~cia1"1:
'3 't'l'- f.l l-1 •'1 q Ifll
il'>ll-1fGo;gq1a1"1: cfc,il'f141<11"1~'<1 I fi1 Fcl,, oI,n f!l 'cl I
qf <IT SI cl'> I ~ <f> fffd~~ f.l l-1 ' '1 q Iffl 1;1i fq a I"1: 3l'R1 Ii'...«1 I'11 "1 ~tj fa I living in the depth of ocean and
<IT 31""o- ~ 11 ~ cl <1 3l"'f1' 1;ll-1fGo;gq1a1"1 1;<i cfc,il'f141<11"1 I
afcl5l't1 Fi, I
m <:t '
g'il)R -<i, ITT<J- ai I c; ~I a '«I 1;<i
~ 1;<i 3l q '11 "1 I
m
fl l-11'1'1 fq a 1'f11;<i 3l'R1 Ii'...«1 1'11 "1 I
15
Set of Two
Two types of suchness- Mirror- Two selflessnesses- Selflessness

like suchness and apparent of person and selflessness of
suchness. phenomena.
\°'i·111;0J1 "'"''~°'i.'\"-.lll"l°'i.~°'i·"ilOJ·~n
El't
31~:- ffici: ~cl~i1fa I "'~°'i.'\"'·l OJ.~·"'\ "1. "'~°'i. QilOJ. ~f f
zj 31~- ~~~I
Two purposes- Purpose of self
f&fcll':I:311~'l'Jffi:- 9,<i_'IC'll('lj.j 16:,
UIJl('lj.j 16~'<1fa I
and purpose of others.
zj llif>lx <$ 311<"1'.IIB- 9,<i_'IC'l-
~·~arz:i·lll;OJ1 ~·~&1· z:i·'\i::.·£i·~&1·<1~f f 311('lj.jl6 ~ UIJl('l\.116 I
Two kinds of grasping at self-
>,.Er:f&fcll':I:- ~ : ~ I Grasping at the self of a person
zj ll if> Ix <Jft >,.El"- >!J' If.tr ~ and grasping at the self of a
~I phenomenon.
Two kinds of smell- Sweet smell
and bad smell. z:i~·q~llf<l'"l;OJ\ ·lll·<:iiloi·~·z:i~ ·z:i·'\z::·•ll]'
~'\·~·z:i~·"~ff CJ,JZ::'°'11 &1C:-°'J·&1•i,tz:i~·z:i·
? .......
=-. =-. ...,..
1!J'CJ,Ji\· '-1"-''\i\''\&1'"1i\·r.i"' ff '\"-'~OJ.<l"-'OJ<l]0J·<1/l.·<:1~ "~ff
t 4x'll~'fl~il- ~ ~~ [&Fc'll':l'J.-f1lfic!>!J"1'1 3l'11flcl-
314lllll4x'll~ itfcr I xFf itfcr I
zj 4 x 'l I~ ~ - ~q., cll]1-..ll=q=xm'llci <lT
"fl<'ll ~ 31 q 11 Jll q x'l Icl "fl<'ll I 3,RJ.C: ll tJ.<si f.'r '>1 ll f1 '<jaj itfcr I
Two ultimate truths- Nominal zj ~~- fllflcl W ~ 31~'1~1fl-cj
ultimate truth and Un-nominal WI
ultimate truth. "llT
3,RJ.C: ll ~"1 ~ f.'r '>1 ll f1 '<j"1 I
"'i"l'il'\'~.sr<1·111 ~OJI "1"-. ·"1·9."'i"1. ~ '\ Two kinds of happiness-
'\"-' l°OJ·i"'illl.~'\ f Contaminated happiness and
uncontaminated happiness.
4x I~Ri f& fc'IE! 'J.- 9,<i_' IC'I ;'j xI,<-<Fj, OR
'cl 44xl "'1-i itfcr I Happiness of higher rebirth and
zj 11<1>1x <$ 4.'l~x,~<'Rl~- 9.c;:•1C'l- happiness of definite goodness.
4xifR-1 ~ u44xlfR.1 1
16
Set of Two
r::t~"i't.l'"J,111\ ';j"i' Cj'Cj~"i'<l''f''\"i''\3J'Cj~"i' tl lj~if11 f."IC\:llj~if11 "i'1fu I
qi{rr
t1<1-:q1<"1-1 ~ GT 31:J;~it11il·-
t ~- fiqffi,i<'<i 1:R'i'T~ ~ 3lj~lf11 1fci f.'rC\3
"i'lfc[ I 3lj~lf11 I
GT ~- t1 qR1 t1 <X1 1fci 1:R'i'Tcl- Two benefits of observing vows-
~I Temporal benefits and ultimate
Two truths- Conventional (Rela- benefits.
tive) truth and Ultimate truth.
(ai·si"i·"l ;111 1 ~ 111·!!1·1c:.·i"l''l.~"I ar1r
a.~S,'\'~Ol'<l'"J;III\ 3JiC:.lll'~'~''l,~'S '\
ITT 3ltl·<l,l- cnq: ~:~~<'l~ilR1 I
'\' -" 31 ic:.111·~°'·31·ell°'. <la. ·'l.~·s1·~r r GT ait1·c1, cnq 1fci ~:m 1
~· '(- I ~: f& 141'.1 :- RJ ct'1 fi \,1 ~j,'ffi Two non-vows- Faults and
corrupt morality.
f1 % I,( I:, Ri ct'1 fil \,1 '.!cffi fi % I,( I~ii I
GT 1,1<1>1-: <6 t1·t<1>1-:- fmn- Cl\111'<1'~Ol't.1'");111\ Ell!l' ~"i' cii111 <l' (ill!]'
t11,1 giffi fi % " 1fci Rim fclq gcffi-
f1 % I, I cii111r l '\c:.·3Ji::'°'·q·cii111·qi{rr
Two kinds of compositional f& 141'.1: 'tJ'lJi;:- 'ii, Ill I'Hi lH,:
factors- Concomitant composi- 3fferl'.ll:I- ,-i \lg ~i1 fc1 I
tional factor and non-concomi- GT 1,1<1>1-: <6 "tl'11i;- 1-1i,1<11-1t1ui,
tant compositional factor.
lfci~I
( Ol'<l''llC:.'Ol'"J ;111\ :jC:.' ~ 3JIII '~· f OI'<l''\C:.' Two types of compendium (of
Asailga)- Compendium on the
l!l 111 c:.· t"l 111·~· f 31·<1i{r r Greater Vehicle and the
[&141'.1: "fl'cR:- ~. Compendium on Phenomeno-
a.--,i f1. cl , ~ i1 R1 I logy.
GT 11<1>Ti! <6 ~ - ~ ~Ol'!!]C:. lll'<Ja.:~"i-'\ofl!j; Ill\ ~"I'~'~3J' !!JC:. Ill'
' '
~ <i .--,i f1 cl , I
Two types of higher vows- Vows <la.·~°\' '\3J' '\C:.' ~"I' il"i' ~' ~3J' SJC:.111' qa.·~°\'
of Bodhisattva and vows of '\3J'Clillll'~[[
tantra.
ITT 4<1f<1q,,11m- q1.1\1.1q,1-11cl-
( or<1·r::iir:::r::ia.·,~a:;<lf°\'"l; 1111 "l"i111· ,;\CJ 111· m-<1: q lllll'l-11clq,1-11clfcl ~ ill "i'1fu I
~''4"i'"l"i''\C:.'3J~,;·~l!j'~''4"i'"l"i'~[[
17
Set of Two
11<1>1~ "I.IT
4<.1\<.14,11111'.\fcltFQ 1{cf 4llill iH~lliNUlfcl"'Jf.& ~ $i<.ilcl,ol
4,•llclfcl4ll1 I fcl "']f.& I
The two nominal ultimates- The Two types of purification-
nominal ultimate object and the Natural purification and stain-
nominal ultimate object- less purification.
cogn1zer. OR
Purifying the delusive obscura-
!,ll'!!]i:."1°11'&i5i·q~·\1i·'\ll'"J,lllf ~"l·~· tion and purifying the obscura-
~&I' !!]C: "1'&I' &I Ii.ql:l:\Ii. '\&I"'\":'~"l· 0 "i. ~. tion of knowledge.
~&1· !!l""1'&1· &I Ii.qq \Ii. '\&1'CJo"1· ~I I

&,&1"'-l'"-""liil c;·cr&,11'q·"J ,"11 &I'\· "l 's'\·qq·
~&I' '-1"-""1 ii) C:. CJ' '\C:. ~ &I' q,; \'I]' qq. ~&I'q,;·
1'6~1'.1: 31q,Qf,Qq~<111!f:- 314<.illl-
q ,'111'.!Fcl 4 ll: 314 llill 4,'l 1clfcl 4 ll1 'I] ii) C:. CJi{l!
,Afff I
<IT 11<1>1~ <t 31q,Qf,Qq~'llllf- fcrITT: rt ~El:- 'l '1 R=I c1>" fcle)tj:,
314lllll4,'llcl fct'4 C'4 fcl al 4 ~ -r1 R, I
4,'llclfcloi411 <rr ,;r<l>T'{ <t fcrITT- 'l '1 R=I c1>"
The two actual ultimates- The fue)tj ~ fclc1>&4fclffi I
actual ultimate object and the Two types of distraction-
actual ultimate object-cognizer. Distraction of mental engage-
ment and conceptual distraction.
&,&l''-1'"-"'\"1""1"!,ll''l""J' "11 :o,c:·CJ~Bi. ~ "1 A&I'
~11'"1'"-°illll"r.r"l; "1 I ia·~&1· '-1"-~ "1'q· '\"·
"I'",. '\"1' '-11 ~ "i!,J' al'\. qq. ~&I' "I'",.'\"1 'qi{ll
C\!:j"l'~q· ~ i!,J''-1"'-'~ "1''-li{ll
<qc;·5i1
<qc;·5i1
f ~-.:r""1"'-la·i CJ' q·~ &1· q:o,· '\"1.'-11 ~ "1' sa ·
1 i:. 'CJq '~&I' q,;·~ "1' "I''\C:' ~· ~,;· ~ i!,J'q,; \'I]'
i CJ" "I'~&I' "I'",. '\"1 'qi{ll
qq. ~i!,J' '-1"-~ "1'qi{ll
rt ~ El I ~ '{1,1% :- !-I 'It R, fcl "']Rl
~ 'l &<.I fcl "']f.& ~'<1 I
~:,11.'t t- g\),fcl$11'1'j, q,c1fcl$ll'1
cfT ' "4 Fcl $11.-i
' I~ f.'h,11-1- gj{ii q) f.'t<Jfoj f&~El'l_- <l>llilcl'tN-

"Fcl""'$1=1~-1 ~ q, C'i {ii 4"1 fcl $11-l I f.'!<1\0111, {iiqlcl'f'Nf.'!11\ui "i'! I
'
m <IT Y<li"R "if> f.'t 'l f oI- <!> I'1 Icl 'tN-
L"-11 fa fcl $11-l ~ cl {ij~ fa fcl <!> c<q- f.'! 11\ u1 ~ {iiqlc1i1,f.'!11\01 I
fcl $11-l I Two kinds of emanation-
Two kinds of consciousness- Emanation residing in the
consciousness of the cause and Desire Realm and Emanation
consciousness of the result. residing in the Form Realm.
OR
The apparent consciousness and ~a.·q'\""1111"1"'1]'"1\ ')Q3j. '-IQ.·q'). 'lj llt"I ''\~'
the individually conceptual .i ·'\"2! 3i·r.ia. ·q'\·'lj llt"I.arll
consciousness.
f&~q: '!oflr"llt<N:- ct>l'"\11~-
')<l·~.sr1:1·111, Ill\ 5-l~<>j"'-IQ.'')<l"')~·a)·5-1~3i <i1:l: J;flfficR:, 31 <!> I"1 I'< ~ "l I«I , ~il fa I
')<lq\l <IT l,I I~ "if> '!""1-Y"l I 'f<l ~-

c/Jl 'f1 !>i~"l I«l>i ~ 3l<!>l'f11'<-
f& ~ "c1 I \j 4 '11 31 j<!>~c'li q 11 I. ,ITTI- J;flfficR I
'!!, C'il q 11 I '<Wf I Two types of son's clear light-
<IT l,I I ~ <f>°t ~id=q'lml- 31 jclj_C'i The clear light of isolation and
13q111 ~ ~fg"'~'" 13q111 I the clear light of non-isolation.
Two types of analogues (similes)-
Favorable analogue and unfavo- ~.sri:r~.sri:r111, 1111 3i5-1' ~"I· ~&J· '-I''\~ '"l"I"~·
rable analogue. ~5-1·r.iq11
t"l·,·111, 1111 5-lt.i:ri·~· ~,,r ~r'\~·fil·CJa.· ~"I· f&~EI: tic:- Fcl0111t1c: c/J4tic: "i'! I
~qll <IT l,I I~ "if> tic- fcl 0111 Uc ~
<!>-4 "E!c I
f&~q: f.'t<1f•1<1>1ll:- '3rn11f.'!11\01- Two kinds of vases- Victory vase
cW:1: "1 "11 f.'! 11 \ oI<!> Ill ~il fa I and action vase.
<IT l,I I ~ "if> f.'t 'l f o I 1ll
13 rn 11
f.'!11\01c/Jll1 ~ 0-i"'if.'!11\01c/Jll1 I <!a:r?.i'·.i:ri,1111
Two types of emanation body- <fqll
Supreme emanation body and
miscellaneous emanation body. &'l Gt,i; q c; I m- ol Ii,.101-S q c; Icl:
31&1 Ic<101-sq c; 10~-il fa I
t"l""l'~i5f<l""1'11t\ <IT ~ qzy.!l- <ffiil =01=-s~qc;=1cl ~
"1~"1o.i·<>i·I\r.iq1 r 311'."l:ITT"f 01-s q c; Icl I
19
Set of Two
Two matters (inanimate thing)- m

Extemal matter and internal m~~~~I
matter. Two kinds of blessings- Direct
blessing and causal blessing.
S"; ~cr~·.il11111·"Bl"i:r'll,1111 :J°i·iil "ll!l ·1i::.· OR
"-~'11·.ila,l!l·~·'ll~l!l·o:frl <IIC:.'°il 1"i{cr Direct blessing and indirect
blessing
si::.·~c:r~·.ila,l!l·1i::.·\°i·1"·si::.·~c:i·~·iila,l!l·
{'"1'')5'~"1''11'111\ ~'ll·c.rlz::.:{'11·3)1! CIIZ::.'
.;fll
~l a;"1'i!.l'1c:.·a;1·il°i1 "IC:.'~! ~~·q·
f& ~El: Rt ctit ('I Ii;;:- >lfumR-
R1 CT11 ill IG, >R.Q.11 '1 R1 CT11 <'1 IG~,.) fa I
1c:.·~~·3)1l "IC:.'~! ~'111!l't/'1Z::.'~'1ll!l'
qf ;:i 1·c:i <il!l' o:fII
fiqfaR1ful<Y IG:, q,,ui 121R1CT11-
ill IG~'il I ~;t: "!rt in:t- c/Jfc:Ga~I<&=.
en ~ q; I'{ qi RI ctn ('I I i; >lfumR- 3lc/Jfc:Ga ~(% ~,.)fa I
qf
R1 CT1'1 ill IG ~ ~1'1R1CT11illlG I
m ~ Iii Ifill c/J~(% :,
,lqfaR1CT1lilllG (,iiqfac/J 3l~l'11fillc/J~(%~,.)fa I
qf
R1 CT11 <Y IG) ~ 1RllT21R1 ful ill IG I
Two types of bodhimind- ,n f.'f1~(%:, f.°'a ~(%~,.)fa
3l'l,l I I
qf
Wishing bodhimind and Com-
mitted bodhimind. ~.~I
OR ~~ qi en
1lG- cjjfc:qa ¥6 ~
Conventional bodhimind and 3l c/J fc:q a ¥6 I
Ultimate bodhimind. m
~ l'i Ifill c/J ¥6 "C;q ~~I "I Ifill c/J
s~ai1:1111·~0l"ci·..,,l!ll 1(1!l·~·s°i~c:il!l·1i::.·
¥61
~a.·s°i~c:il!l1 uic:.·~r 1(1!l·~·s°i·Jic:il!l· m
1i::.·c:i~1·t11\·5°i~C:Jl!l l
wf.n ¥6 ~ 3l'wf.n ¥6 I
m
!'&~Elli
'
~bdl-11-l-
'
~- WPT'l ¥6 ~ 3Rfwli:r ¥6 I
"3T"i~~I Two types of intellects (minds)-
qf Conceptual mind and non-
m~~~I conceptual mind.
en ~ii;I'{ qi 3l~bdl'1- 'fflaiTcl
'
OR
~~tg;~1
20
Set of Two
Valid cognition and invalid yoginis) who wear a white

cognition. lower garment and topknot and
OR - those (monks and nuns) who
Mistaken mind and unmistaken wear red robes.
mind.
OR 1~·a11·"c:.·;1·1:1·9; "'l ~ "l. "-s".I 1·z:.i/\.·1~-
Realizing mind and non-
realizing n1ind. i<J·"i:.·~'i"<i"'jl;."i<J\" ~ '!\z:.i/\.·1~'i<J""I;." ~1·
'i"'"·~c:.·ai·~ai·,.ri:q; 11,1 r ;J"i{ "'·"'~9·~"i. <i~ll
<i/.l:1cii:.·qj'<:. ·•-r1i:.·~11,1·\ "i·"'~9-~"i '"l '"r t 'l I"-'l 11! t'll &1° ~c:'t-
11'1 • 11 'i'I I'!: «11c11Ai:15li1Ulr1i:15:,
"''i.,.<I/\.. 'ici i:.. qfi:.. i<J~i r «1c11Ai:/5: -Nlci1Ai:15li1Ulr1i:15~'i'I I
t 'l I"-'l 11! ~ c:t 'Jf<;"-
f& RI El Ii_ \3 fd xI fi'.l "cl I '111_- fl i'!_ Fil i!> lll' 11 'i'I I'! -N Ici A i:/5 'lW-lP1<!i 1;ci
cfl Fcl, clil ct1 '! Ifil '<l I'1 '1,' .frm~
{i~ "i If.,--j i:/5 {cl I ci A i:/5 'lW-lP1<!i I
c'll cli'I ct1 , Ift1 '<l 1-i ~ I
Two schools in Svatantrika
c:t ll Ix ~ \3 fd x 3TIQ""clR- Madhyamika- Yogacara
fl i'!_Fil i:/5 6ft Rl, i:/5 \3 ct1 '( ~
Svatantrika Madhyamika and
Tim ~ C'flclil ct1, ~ I Sautrantika Svatantrika
Two higher empowerments- Madhyamika.
Worldly higer empowerment
based on conventional state and
trans-worldly higher empower-
ment based on definite primary "-'49"'·z:.i·"€9"'·a'l1 I
meaning. &l lJUl" "'xl!.ll- 311 'i'i Iil -t 1• 11 '1·1:,
'i~'t:'11; 11,if qj'"1''i'll"" ~<:. ·af·~"i· ~' ~ ''j<:.. 3JTil: 3H-i 11~ 'i'I I
c:t lJUl 'I ~ "'!"~- 311 'i'i Iil
"Cl"§I;."!:."' ~9· ~. ~ ~ll '11 ' 11 '!!'1 1fc/ 3JTil 3lWT I
The two chariots of Madhya-
f& RIEi: ~"ET:- q Io,g !'!ii 1,-ft 3l c1i:/51-
maka- Ni'igarjuna and Asailga.
il ffi ii •f:. c151q1<1cil'!iil'f«i qR~1-
G1 i:/5 ~ i1 Fil I "-5"'cri:q; 11,1 r
c:t ll <1> Ix ~ ~"ET- q Iu,g I'! ii 1'!:ft
3lc1clilili'l~ qif 1fc/ c151q1llcllflcl'f
9~11,1·.:f11
"if; qR~IGli:/5 I !&RIEi: 1PWT:--N~ll1 1 1:, ~q=,~~ll,,,.1~
1 1-
The two holy communities- -rirfcr I

Those (ti'intric yog1ns and
21
Set of Two
llilil~ "fq-~'11' 11 ~·q·~gi·q·111-, 1111

. '
1Zc[ tl-<- ~ '11 ' I I
Two types of endowments- ~-~~-ri~11
Endowments for oneself and GA' !Gfl'IEl'l- 311fi'Jqc;1'1't u4c:1.--i
endowment for others. ~I
<i.!llll'!i'll1 ~IN\ '\( l!,I 'C\Ql!.I''\"'' Cl@'\.C\Ql!.I' ~II <a ll iii I ~ "if> GR- 311 fi'i q c; l'1 i:rc/
u4c; 1'1 I
'm'i 1G fl'IEl'l_- cl I'I-ii Fci c/Jljj ('j 't, Two kinds of generosity
~~I (giving)- Generosity of material.
<a ll iii I ~ "if> 'l>R- cl I'if1 fcl c/J 'l><'1 help and generosity of dharma.
i:rc/ ffi 'l><'1 I gi·?_ 111·ria·;111111·111~1111 !!~"&IZ::,"Cla.·gi·?_ 1!,J"Qa..
Two kinds of results- Actual
result and indirect result. l'j 111111. '\"'"!!~.&I:::,"oJ" ill~. ria..oJ"?, l!,I"ria.· l'j 111111·
<i.!l111·1;ta·111 ~111111·,·111 ~1111 ar"'111· l '\"'.~"I" ~II

~~II 31f.'1~'<1tl~Qlill'l- ~-
zj" ljjC'lilillrt- ~ : . Pi'l\01- ~ild~~j,.: Fci~iq1f.'l~ilt1~~~t1R1 I
c/Jll.l~'r1R1 I
<a ll iii I~ "if> 31 f.!~ 'R-cf>Tli- ~ 1Zcf flITTRUT 31 Pi ~il a ~ i:;ct Fci ~i q
Pi'l\01c/Jl<i I 31f.'l~ilt1 ~ I
The two bodily forms of Two indefinite reasons- General
fruition- Full Enjoyment Body indefinite reason and particular
(Sambhogakaya) and Emana- indefinite reason.
tion Body (NirmiiQ.akiiya). 5f'\&lll11N'Qa·;111111•cq:::_•'\ll1'll1~INJ 1"'"";iZ::,"
<i.!l"l''I'~5f"1'111~ 111 J Cl'\111"111~lll""-Q"1 "'\:::,·~. oJ' '\.!) 111 l!.I'qa_, l'j111 IN'tJJZ::,.'\111" '\ Z::,' .l) ·1:::_·CJ'oJ'
~Z::,'C\Q"II '\.!)111111·qa_ "l'j 111 IN. cq:::,. '\111"ilfI
'8 > tl >
3J-!4 C'I ~ tl Rl ~
~~I ~ - ~-31j4<'1ftl" flRlc/\ ~
Two types of relation- Relation i:rc/ ~-3lj4<'1ftl" 'liRlc/\ ~ I
of identity and causal relation. Two kinds of correct reason of
non-cognition- Correct reason
22
Set of Two
of non-cognition which 1s Two types of impermanence-

suitable to appear and correct Subtle impermanence and
reason of non-cognition which
coarse impermanence.
is not suitable to appear.
arctlil\·'\IIJ'lr~·"11jil\"i"l "1; IN\0
~. Z!J <'jil\'
~ QJ" ~c:·\ii\..._c:"SJ~il\-~."1"1il\. ~ QJ" af11
q-1;{ ~ IiH II flN-1'..11 q) t! t"l ID 'lf<:l-
arJ1l fil f<IEI 'l-
~cit,:, 31cl,-'11'l, 31jfu~'11'l 'cl I
Two types of affirming exclu- <IT l,I <f> I ~ ~ ""IT'l- cl Iffl fcl et> "IT'!
sion- Mental exclusion of others 1;ci II $1 fi<j "IT'! I
and ultimate self-characterized m
exclusion of others. I.I I<;_ fm et> "IT'! 1;ci 31 jR-1 ~ "IT'! I
i),'\~ '<la_' IN"&IC:""1 ;IN\ ~ QJ"SJ '\.,r~C:.(- $ Two kinds of names- Actual
name and given name.
5)~·<1:{11
OR
ID 31<!i.~ i.:,r•t.fli <t>1- 311 ~ cfl-1 '! Self-assured name and re-
31'14~1Q/ 'cl I acquired name.
31<li."ffiif "!PI <f> ~ <IT -ih:--
311~ctll 1;ci 31'14~1Q/ I '!:j" ~ "1IN'</ ~If<I'll]'IN\
0
i QJ •<:/.l. "'!:j" ~ !!jl!f<I"

Two bases of non-virtuous
mental factor- Shamelessness ~c:·C:-~· ( il\'ll"'!:j" ~ !!jlll"<l:{11
(non-shame) and Immodesty
(non-embarrassment). filf<lq: ~:- ~:,
5)•1\"1""~&1'<.f"1,IN\ ~1Fclctii'l~cti~'r1R'I I
<IT l,l<l>I~ ~ ~- P!1-Jiu1-
"'!!JIN" <i/.l.·a)"1\!!j" <1:{I\ ~ <;ci ~~I
filf<ll'..11 3lf.'l,lldl- ~IPl,llcil, Two types of non-Buddhists
~<'i IPt <'II ci I 'c)fi'f I (Forders)- Non-Buddhist by
<a "!lCf>R '1ft 31.ef.'l>-=fll=a~,- ~a+, emanation and non-Buddhist by
31 Pt <'II ci I 1;ci ~ 31 Pt <'II ci I I nature (by birth).
23
Set of Two
~C:'Q.'\"1'~5f<f"J~"1J ~"l'CJ,'11!,J'~C:'Q.'\l!,l
"''\'&1~11 "IC:'~1 ",C:'QJl!,l'°2.l!,l'<JQ,'i!,'\'"J'
'\"-' ~1!]'3l'\'~C:'Q.'\l!,l' ~11
'\ c:· 9"\'•,'~ l!,l'?. l!,l· <JQ,. "''\.&1~11
f.'lqfuj [&f<h.Pl- f1Jq~1qf.'lq\u11-J
' '
( ~ ) , f.'l,q~1qf.'lqjuj ~ 'lrllfDT- >f«:11:-rn 'l Iul'j 31 j'l 1'i-
(f.'l {>q Rl ~l q f.'lqj 01'j) 'c! I q l-J J 01 'c! I
err l1<f>li( cf> f.'lqfu1- f11tj~l4 qf
f.'lq\01 ~ f.'l,q~l'l f.'lq\01 I ~ : f.'l ll <'1 q 'l Ia i l:l'«f: q 'l Ia i 'c! I
Two kinds of nirvai;ia- Nirvai;ia err '\r1JTUT- >f«:llff q 'l IoI ~ 31 j'l 1'i
with remainder and nirva1,1a q1-J1°1 I
without remainder. m
~ : f.'1<1aq1-J101 ~ 1:R"M': q1-J101 1
"lf'J'<>l"l'~&1'<1'"1 ~"11 t l!,l·~·"1!"1 '~ "1 ''\"-.
Two valid cognitions- Perceptual
~'\'~· "1!"1.~"1-~1 valid cognition (Direct valid
cognition) and inferential valid
1J~ f& f<lEI :- r.11 r\il'HFl!.f: f f i - cognition.
lT~ I OR
err 11<1>1x ci, 11~- r.11rlc/J lJ".e:r Self-evident valid cognition and
~ ffi-lT.Q:f I valid cognition ascertainable by
Two kinds of texts- Spiritual text other means.
and text on ordinary affairs.
i'·afC:l!,l''lj'Q.~,;'CJ'"]~ l!,ll Q.~'\. <Jll.'fl 3.J l!,l'~'
i'· u:r"' l!,l' '1:1' Q.~".CJ''\". 9~"11!,l'fl 3,11!,l'~- i'·
UJC:1!,J''l:i'"-~"'CJ~f 1
'lrEIR f&nlEl't ~.
~ 31n!: q R'l Iu1- cf,J1-ltfTfil: 3W:!:-
3flqft~~I
4 R'l I" I'1, ~: 3W:!:qR1-J1ui
err l1 Ix cf> 'lrEIT'f- q iii frr g\j,-
~I
m:!R ~~I
Two fundamental principles-
err 1,1q,1~ ci,
3ln!-4R'l1°,-
Causal principle of nature and cWl'i.lT\j, if 3W:!-4 R 'l IOI <l~ '""
resultant principle of manifes- 'i.lT\j, if 3W:!-4 R'l I01 I
tation. Two kinds of totally changes of
life span- Changing life span in
Desire Realm and changing life-
span in Form Realm.
24
Set of Two
911,1·9 ,lllf
~·~Zlllll·~ ·"1~ lll·~r r "llT
6'l ~'llm- gul.jfll';ff'<:, ~- ~ fl I'l I"11 C'lafOT-
~I
zj ifl"'ll~- ~ 10i ~-
Wl'ITT' I g,p1&1-01g 10i ~4-01g I
Two types of accumulations- Two kinds of grasping- Grasping
Accumulation of merit and through contact with others and
accumulation of wisdom. grasping without contact with
others.
~a;·(9·~grr.r9, 11,if ~lll·~a;·{llj'<l'"f. OR
Grasping of general charac-
Qljlljlll'"-~a;{Z11·rJ;{rr teristics of phenomena and
ft fc'l l'.I : 1J I i; fc'I ,,q :- (; cl.I ll 16- grasping of specific charac-
fcl c/l c,ll: teristics of phenomena.
OR
qRc/lfc:c1d -0 Igfcl c!,c,ll~tjR, I
Grasping at the self of a person
<CT .ll<l>I~ et
111i;fc'lq,,,q- ~ -
and grasping at the self of
-0 Ig Fcl c/l C'4 10i q Rc/l fc:q d ,;rr§- phenomena.
Fcl c/JC'4 I
Two conceptions of grasping- ~ a;·~"l'9 ;'Ill "1 r:: ·~"1 ·~ ·~ a;·c~t'r '\C:: { llj'
Grasping of the substantial
rJC.\'~a;·~Qj'Q~lll'~!!
entity and grasping of the
imputed entity. 6°l 3l~f.1~~111'1'l<il- git>q1fi'r-
~a;·rJ·~grr.r9'11,1' $'\'a;lll'"-~a;·rJ''\C::'ol'$'\'
f.'I ~ ~ Ifcl qll : c/l C'4 '11 sfi'rf.rrn-
fcl qll ~i1 I
a;'ll·"-~a;·rJ;{rr "lr:::·a;r y·'\c::·s·!:1"1·~r <CT l,l<l>I~ et a@if.l~~ et
11'1'l ll- ~ ~ <!iT fu'fll
<Qr:::a;I Zllr:::·~"1·~ 'Q'\"1 '"-~a;·'\r:::·i'lll'~·
10i c!,c,ll '11 ~ <!iT fu'fll 1
Q'\"1'"-~a;. Q'<llll'~rr Two objects of attachment-
External object of attachment
. \ and conceptual object of attach-
3lfl!.1<11•1-0l§~'i1 I ment of person.
qJ
~1:1°1'-ll§:, fll'll'"'-1&1!:101-01g~>q I
11\'ia;''\QC::'~51' r.r9, lllf '\llj'rJ(t Zll'i\a;. '\QC::·
qJ '\r::: ·oi· '\ "1 '<Ja.·"1 'i\a;· '\QC::·~ ·"1 ~ lll'~r r
gc;_•IC'l-01§:, ~4-0l§~i1 I
25
Set of Two
4~t1-'?I !&~El'{~ ~}il4i!t1~'1- ~11-11"'-1 ~ fcl~ltl I

31'1<1'(4i!t1~ '<I I Two objects of knowledge-
<IT l,I cfi I~ q} ~q=~t1=-'?1= ~ qi! a~ Universal characteristics (Gene-
~~ 4i!t1~1 rality) and self-characteristics
Two types of dependent (Particularity).
phenomena- Pure dependent OR
phenomena and impure depen- Permanent and impermanent.
OR
dent phenomena.
General phenomena and speci-
lff"l"\'ijl "I'~&1·r.r9il/ 111 I 3l 'j''\"1 "1' ~ ."1 "1"\. fic phenomena.
o) "l ''\ r:;·111· ell.Ji. '\"l "1 '~. "1 "1"\. o) "l '"111 ~r:;-~9·~lll'<l'lff ili1111 §f<I'q3_. ~r:;.C\~"1 ''\r:;.
!&~El: 3JllT6:- ~ : .:i-§f<I' q3_. ~"'. C\~"1' iif1
q1c;1~!.lR!ilt11411,~t1 I
~J,'1'1<1'(: fG ~El:- "*a'll '.J.' 1'1<1'(:
<:t !.lcfil~ <!} 31q)g !.l~_,.,rnRliltT ~M'.J.' l'i<l'(~tl I
~ ~ q1c;l~!.lR!!'!tT ~ I
<IT l-1<1>1'( q} "IJ,11'1<1'( "*a'«
Two types of negation of other-
'.J.' I'i <I'( ~ ~a'« '.J.' I'1 <I'( I
Non-affirming exclusion of
Two states of union- State of
others and affirming exclusion
union of a trainee and state of
of others.
union of a non-trainee.
lff"l<ll'S'~""r.rlff il/ 1111 "'"'·111 '6'-i. '\"'. j ·111'6'-iI lffijlff111'1ff il/ 111 I '\~<1 111·'\"''f·\"1 '<1,1111 ·~II
"'"''<1i I ry9·q· '\"''.:i.ry"1 'q;:{11 UJ"'. iii I j· t ~- 311i/Jli!: ciu\~ti I
'\r:;·g· S"l'ii'fl <IT 'WI- 311 i'b Ii! ~ cfUT I
Two forms- Shape and colour.
!&~El- ~<iq«J,- "f<R'[a,ui ~llil"'-1-
c'le-TUT '<I I lff~lfflll'3l 'j'{ 111111·~lff'~111'<1'9 il/1111 ia..
qf
"1 ~"1111· 3l 'j·{111111·c,.~"1 ''j r:; ·c,.s111·~a_·
f.'l fll Ii' 31 f.'l fll 51 t1 I
'
qf "1~"1111' 3l 'j.{ i!.1111 'C\~"1 '<:1,1111' ~11
~11-11..zj Fcl~ltl~tl I
<IT l,I q, I~ q} ~~ ~- "f<R'le-TUT
fG ~Ell 31 '(ii4~1il q Rd:- i3cq'(iiq-
~1-11q R't1: 'hc'11'(ii4~1il4f?a~t1 I
~ ~ IIi I"'-1 c'le-TUT I
"llT
<IT l,I q, I~ <!fr 3l'Wf ~ Ii I q fffi
i3g'(iilfl ~1-11qf?a ~ 'hc'1'(ii41
f.'R<:! ~ 31 f.'l ,,i I
~1-11qR't1 I
"llT
26
Set of Two
Two formless absorptions- i:;~·~z:r~ll'<l'IIJ.,~l "';"''&l')'UJ c:~· ~z:i·

Causal formless absorption and
formless absorption producing 1c:: 5~·l&1·afllj'~ ·ufc:l!,J'~z:i·<:iii~'-f11
result. qRf.1&1.:.i: f&~u:- f.'IFc\<t>l'l-
~'\'"]~Ql'~&l'<l'"llii~l ~1:\,·~\lljl!,J"J''\C:'&1il: qRf.'i,q..-J:
31fc1qll\f1qRf.'l,q....-i~i1 I
~'\'lljl!,J"J'afll err 11 <fj" -t
q R r.i &1.:.i- f.'! Fc\ cfj"
qRf.'i,q..-J ~ 01fc1qllff1
"\l'Jllt<i~= f&~u:-~: "'1"Rl:-
qRf.'i,q..-J I
,r,i1 tq, ~i-1 I
Two types of thoroughly estab-
err II I~ <ff 1:1'1-J It<l ~ ~
lished phenomena- Correctly
~ lil<!ll'lltq'/ I
established unchangeable
Two kinds of clear light- Son
phenomena and correctly
clear light and mother clear
established phenomena.
light.
"'i:;·z:i~~·!·ry"J~'UJi:;''\"1'"1Iii~ l IS'\. <1"-' f ~.
tll '\'"llii ~ l '{~. '\&I' <11:\.. t1:J '\''\C:. "1~ l!,J' f;l<:I l!,J'~·
q·z:i1:\.."' c:. z:i~~. ry ll] l!,J' UJ c:. '\ ll]' '\"'IS'\. <1"-'
o:i '\. z:i ill!,J'.r11
'\ "1' <I'2f/l.· ",','<:i~~·ryll]~· UJ<;.'\llj' "11 l
~ Rlctt- q,1-1Rlcfi ~ -
ftrm' q I 1G ~E.!: t<ll'JJl~<f>fll-ll ·~ g;:-
err Ri rn- "'Rl, fucn iM 3W!ft{!,fcj, ~~ cffi&f-
fuctf 1 ~lfc1c/JftRPBtl q I
Two minds- Ultimate mind and err t<l l'JJ I~ stt .,_. ~
II I'/ <ff
temporary mind. ~ - ~!ff ~ fl''llcf;_ ~
iii'\'<>I'S '\'<l'"llii ~ 1 '{~ ·1c:·~·<11:I.·o:i '\·QJ' i;cicffi&f~ fll-'llcf;_ ~I

Two types of naturally correct
a1· 1c:·'{~·1c:·a)·~~·<11:\.·o:i \OJ ·a1·<1~11
q· reasons of natural- Direct
correct reason of nature and
fGm 'JR':lRtm- w~c/J1-11:i:r&i-T indirect correct reason of nature.
f.R~c/Jli'l:i:r&i-T q I
err ll<f>I'/ ~ "R':lRtm- ~ "C,'~C:~·!~'~If<I'"];~ f <:I~ .~· ~· ~q.",C:'
.r,,:i:r&,r 'flm ~ 11"1:1:Rten I l!,JC:~· ! l!,J' '\C:. '111 l!,J'~. j\<11:\.. ",C:' l!,JC: l!,J' !l!,J.
Two kinds of presumptions-
Presumption with reason and .r11
presumption without reason.
27
Set of Two
~ - ,!!l,i\'lfc1~101- Two sucessive stages- Genera-

~c/>~&<-l~l,l=i;-£1""'c1>=g~,i,=: cl If tj I{1 l,I i;-£1 cf>- tion Stage and Completion
g4 ~tj I Stage.
err l,I q, I~ "if> J«'ll~;i,- ~ OR
Illusory body and clear light.
'(-1 <i_ ~ I ll ,/1 cf> g4 ~ cl I fti 1,1
ll i;-£1 cf> g4 I i.9·:r~..t/·9;1111 ~c::·,.._-~._.t/a.·.:.llJ·s·
Two kinds of Solitary Realizer
(Pratyekabuddha)- Rhino- '\C::. ~,;'Cl,~,;.!.i:, 9· (;!' Qi;IN' of11
ceros-like Solitary Realizer and
f& Rt Et w le cll 'l' - 1-lffi "'fl,I ti". cl.j 1-j'
Sociable Solitary Realizer. I,
if! Rl cf> fl.l ti". ai 'cl I
~9111·~·~Ifi::r9;111 I ~"llN'"''\. t/' '\ c::·al·"''\' err l,I q, I~ ~- ~ fl.l "".cl.I
"if>
~ -.fl Rl cl> fl.l ti". cl.I I
Two types of tangible object-
1 1) ?It'll I I~ Ei ll 'l The tangible object of elements
' and the tangible object of things
31llg4 '
'll?l~tl I
arising from elements.
"IJT?I" "if> err 311 I~- ~ -,-j'p,,
\lm 31 ll j4 -,-j'p,, I "llf~lft/'9;1Nf ry'l]'t/''\C::"al·~9·r.:~1 1
The two characteristics of
family- The awakened one and f& Rt El : 1lf1f:- f.rfll: 31 PI i;t.1 ~il Rl I
the unawakened one. c:t 'l<l>R "if> 1lf1f- f.rfll ~
31 Pli;t.1 I
~lfl:f~lfl:f9;~f "i'\'~"l''\C::{ll)IN'~i!j' Two types of path (the two ways
~-llj~IN'of1\ cqr:;'~f l~IN"'\C::'~'\' to salvation)- Permanent (the
perfect road which is open to
ll)IN"ll the Buddhists) and Imperma-
nent (the imperfect road, i.e.,
f& 11'1 El : sl>'l': - '3 <"1 F?a s'Fi •-r PI l'4 "i- the ways by which the non-
s'fi •H ti I Buddhists seek to enter the state
q[ of beautitude ).
1-fllllc/>lll: Wllf•'H~tl I
"llN'~Ifl:fllj;IN\ ?_IN't/Q.' "I IN' '\C:: 'OJ"?. IN' t/Q.'
err l,I q, I ~ "if> sl>'l'- '3 <"1 f?a s'Fi 1-f ~
PI l'4 ...-J ii> 1-j I "IIN"of1\ "IC::"~\ ~llj'Qi;IN'~'"IIN"'\C::'~llj'
"llT
1-f Ill Icf> Ill "C(cf "J;l'l'lIBR I al '\"~'"IIN' of11 '\~'QQ.'"IIN''\C::'3l''\~ 'QQ.'
"IIN"of1\ "IC::'~f i:laJIN't/Q.'"IIN''\C::'QINaJ'
28
Set of Two
~ -
~/l,'"lGl'GI 11 action to be abandoned.
OR
Action ·to be cultivated and
1G fcl Et <f>1f - f.111 a c/> 4 3l f.111 ac/> 4 a;"1'~111'"1'"'l fj"1 "l'"l1!1'~"'·'\"-{"1'~ '\'
'tf I
qf "l"]'~GI'~ '"1~ 111·~11
'11 1-a cl c/> Y, 31,--11,a cl c/> 'f 'tf I t ~~. Ill 'ii I ,'j - c/> f?;q ci r'12.11 I 'ii I'1 'i
qf 3l c/> f?;q a r'12.111,,r 1.-i 'tf I ,,
'!i, ~ IC'I c/>'f, 31 '!j, ~ IC'I c/> 'f 'tf I c:T ~Ul I 'ii 11- c/> f?;q ci fi'l2.111 'ii I'1
qf
~ 3Jcf>f?;qa ~ I
't1ci'11c/>'f. 't1ci~cillc/>'f 'tf I Two distorted cognitions-Con-
qf
ceptual distorted cognition and
'1Yl~11c/>'f, g,ic/,y 'tf I non-conceptual distorted cog-
c:l 51 Iii cfi <f>lf- f.111 ci cl}'f ~ nition.
3l f.111 a cl}'f I
m ~c_·,a·{,:q·"'s'\·i·cii'\''1'"1,"'l t·i"i·g\
'111-a cl cl}'f ~ 31 '1 I-a cl cl}'f I Cl~'\''\"-' ~Q'31''1;''CI~'\ I
m
c/> ~ IC'I cl}'f ~ 3l c/> ~ IC'I cl}'f I \I ilct<l>+1l qi(Aji(Jiill't- ~ -
~ ~
q , A1 , I, (~ 'J,<"11 tl 11 j q , A.! i(I ) TJ"1'11'R-

m
't1ci'11 cl}'f ~ 't1ci~cill cl}'f I q' A1 i(I ('Tl'41' 1f&: q '"-I i(I) 'tf I
m 3flJ'!-cf <61 c:T 4i1Alilll.{- '3<fR
'1Yl~11 cl}'f ~ ~ cl}'f I t111\q,A.1,1 ~ 'Tl'41, 1f&:q,"-!i(I I
Two kinds of action- Action Two traditions of pioneers of
whose result will definitely be Buddha's teaching- The
experienced and action whose lineage of extensive practice
result will not definitely be and the lineage of profound
experienced. view.
OR
~,;·,a·i ,:q·"'S'\'"1 '"'l ~· ~ ·i"1 "'.~ '\·
-
Q' '\"-
Contaminated action and unco-
taminated action.
OR
'\ II
Virtuous action and non- !rt \lilctif>1- '11'11'4'1: 3lfi•l~tl I
virtuous action. c:T Yilct- '11'11'!1'1 ~ 3ffi1TI
OR The two pioneers- Nagarjuna and
Mental action and intended Asanga.
action.
29
Set of Two
il111~rr:i!'\'~lll'"IIJ '1)1111 ':I"i. ,ril 111111·<:is'\.

ifii':i:..·~:i:..·cia·( 111'<1'11]~1111 ~ 111· r.Jd,. ( 111· r.J'
'\C:.'\-i''\a:J'.:!111111·,:is '\'\i i U.JC:.'<Ji i fl"i'
'\ c:. ·:,;,,:i· Cl.§ c:..~. ( 111· r.Ji{ll
.:) 111111' '\C:. '~'11'.:) 111111 ·~ ' 11 ~ 111 ·~i i
'I~ul'1'fll '(1 q~~ <1'1_-
f&~EI: <1) ~~ctfl i:•llt::- -wffer- ~micR:. s:rnfG-Ja,-iq,~il 1
R1<fll<Ylc;: 4>/'llciR1CT1l<YIC:~i1fa I 'I~uf"l' ,$ <IT ~ - ~ cfi
qf 00 d':?.!T !l i:I fG-1 al cfi 00 I
~ : m~.n'1R1<f11 Two types of individual libera-
<YIG~il I tion vows- Householder's vow
<IT !,I if> 1, o$ ~ ctfl <'l I c:- -wffer- and monk's and nun's vow.
Ri CT1l <Y Ic; "C!c[ q , 'l Icl R1 <f1'1 <Y Ic; I
11'~111'<1'11] ~Ill! 'l.~ '11 '~"i. r.Jd,' ~. '\C:. ·~ '11 '~"i.
m
~ "Qc[ ~- "l lll''l.'\ Ill' r.Jd,. ~i{ll
R1<fll<Y IC: I
f&~EI: ~q:-ctJfcl,q-,~q:, c'11il'>l<f1>/
Two kinds of awakeing mind
(Mind-generation)- ~q~il I
Conventional awakeing mind <IT !,lif,1,/ ,$ ~ <!di- Jlfc),q-,
and Ultimate awakeing mind. ~ "C!c[ c1lil'>l<fl, ~qal I
OR Two kinds of gods (Deities)-
Wishing awakeing mind Worldly gods and trans-worldly
(aspirational thought of gods.
enlightenment) and that of
committed awakeing mind.
30
Set of Three
'l'i' 'i'IIJ'511 a;·&1i::~rr.ra.·;1a;· 'ii "1<;'111]''-I'&!' d\''-IQ.'
~·1a;·fd\1 a·Qa.·;1d\·fd\·~11 0Ji::·1111·r.ra.·1d\{1:J·2f11

"l<r: ,-i<fcl ffl:- cfc,l~lficf~~I:. 8tfclt11 fiqRI:- Ri;,ifrafiqfa-
cl,l'I- fi cfc,l ~I:, "11 fa ficfc,f ~I ~'<1 fa I t1 ~ '1, $11 '1,-i a fa 'li ,11 'l , "f11'1l-
cft.y -ti <!'cl~- ~ fi cfc,l ~I, cl,l'l- , fi~q_fa.e,. ,.,.'lifll_,,· irfu I<
' '
fi cfc,l ~ I ol!ll unfi'r-fi cfc,l ~ I I qf
Three ever-afflicted pheno- fiqfafiqfa:, 3l'li"'-1cf'{-iqfa'

mena- Ever-afflicted pheno- 'li R1 ctfi q_ f{(1 ~'<1 fa I
mena of delusion, ever-afflicted cft.y "ll<liR .tt ~I'd- RI ;,i fra-
phenomena of karman and ever- 'li. qfa 'li fll , ;,i 1-1 fi qfa ,i fll -a-m
affiicted phenomena by birth. "l Itill fi q_fa 'li ,11 I
'l'i'{'"-·111,&11 "'~·r~1 i"l'~&!l!l'Qj"l' m
x-ic[fc'r <tr x-ic[fc'r' 31 'li R1 if\ x-ic[fc'r
'l'1'1J~· 51i'"1'"-~d\·1i::· I 'il. £51 ·&f11 -a-m 'li R1 if\ x-ic[fc'r 1
81 fcl Ej fill) "1 '1 '{- 'li ci:t> I'-l<l_ ~ - Three types of conventional
fi 111 "1 '1 'l, ~ft "1 ~ a q 'll 'l ~lfi 41 "1 '1 'l, truth- Imputed conventional
' ' truth, conventional truth of
Rl-"1 oe: Ri R! Fcl-, cti Ifi 111 "1 'i irfu I
consciousness and conventional
cfi.y "\l<liR .t -till) "1 '1- 'li ci:t> 111-
truth of expression.
<l_~ fi 111 "1 '1, ~ft "1 ~ a 4'll'l~lfi 111 OR
""1', ~ Rl-"1 oe: RI R! Fcl-, i:'fi I Conventional nature of the
'li.111' "1 '1 I Conventional Truth, Incorrect
Three types of ever-binding Conventional Truth and Correct
factors- Ever-binding factor of Conventional Truth.
view of transitory collection,
ever-binding factor of holding 11'"-'IIJ'&!' ~&1·1i:.·1 ~·1i::·1 &('",'~.
bad morality and discipline as "1't\&!'&f11

superior and ever-binding factor
of doubt. "l<r: ~ilaqc:1m:- ~. zjE[,
'1 cl -?i ci irfu I
'l'ifQ'II]'&!' !:lljll]l!l'Qa.'':ld\{'ll ~~·r.ra.· cft.y m ~- ~. Gtl ~
;}d\{'ll 1:J(1·r.ra.·;1d\{'l·2f11 'l cffil '1 I
Three white things- Milk, curd
"l<;'d\ l and butter.
31
Set of Three
Gi f1'I l'.f 1-1 u'5 <'1 'l - "{'q'l-11 i:l 1-1 o;g <il 'l,
' '
v ~v {i 'l IfEI 1-1 o;,; <il 1-1, \1 R1 f.l kl 1-1 o;g i.'i
( 90f"'l-99~'\) Cj~"i'"i3J~' g"11 i)frr I
'
( 99~"'1-99'\"'I) i.°CJ{"i'm111~·<J· ®a.i· <fi.l lJ'ij}'R 'if} 'l O;g <'1- «J"liTi:1-
1-1 U'5 "1, f1 1-11 fEI 1-1 o;,; C'1 Tim i:m'!-
3Ji6'"ii ( 99~•-99~'\) f.l kl 1-1 °-s <i1 I
~: f1 I IJ'i
ll!<f<'l l'i'I I llf:- '!t'TT Three types of ma1:u]ala- Natural
81'541 (1092-1158), f11'il-l -trl-JT mai;idala, ma1,1c:J.ala of concen-
(1142-1182), ~ '5'1YI
tration and mandala of reflec-
tion.
'll<illJ'i (1147-1158) ilfrr I
<fi.l '{!<t<i1 31 I'i'l 14- f1 l'i§'i '!t'TT Cl'lj'l.'~"i'"1'1!"11 "i Cj~. Cj 1:1"'CJ<'l: Cl'lj'l.'~"il
81'541 (1092-1158), {il'il-1 'WIT
(1142-1182) TI'<1'T ~ '5'141
~"i. Cl>j'\. <Ja_. "1"!<:l.'~ "i I "1"i. ~111·"1"i~. Cja_.
'll<illJ'i (1147-1158) I
Cl''P'~"i-~11
Three lay masters of Sakya
Tradition- Sachen Kunga Gif.'11!11 <!ltli,lctl (i;rmc:-:)-
Nyingpo (1092-1158), Sonam 31'fi'I ~ c/i <It ct $1 ct I, ct ":11 "-ell I<It ct $1 ct I,
Tsemo (1142-1182) and Jetsun '34<~11j$11<ltd$1ctl ilfrr I
Dakpa Gyaltsen (1147-1158). <fFl' \1 if> Ix <!ft <!ltl "1 ct I- ~
~ cITT"1 c1il <It ct $1 ct I, (1"'51 c1il
"i~"i'"1i'"1'"1'1!"11 "l
~~ ~-®~."i "i. 31 l'"1
fuaiT ~ 'iITT"1 c1il <It ct $1 ct I Tim
l'~-"i"l"i'iSJ.r"1 "i~. 'l.1"i. "i"l"i.3Jl°"1'.qf1 '34<~1 ~ 'iITT"1 c1il <ltd $Id I I
Three types of kindness- The
-:flf<11 xMlf.'1- <l<ll<Ml-1,
~ '
'tl'f<Ml-1,' kindness of conferring empo-
fi£NM ilfrr I werment, the kindness of
~-«"I'- '.l,<!l<M, <1'1,M 1;cf teachings tantra and the
kindness of giving instruct-
The three jewels- Jewel of tions.
Buddha, Jewel of Dharma and
Jewel of Sangha.
~Ql'~",'~5f"l'"J'1!3lf .,~.Cj~"i'~'"i~a.i· ~~·qi:,CJ~·<Ja.·Cl''PI
Cl.f"" I ~ ~-?. 'Cl.~"i·~·"i~a.i·'l.f"'"'I "1~"1~· '""li{l 1

Cj~. ~. "i~a.i ''l.("....(11 e 4( <l 'i'l '1 Gi Fcl El 'l - c/i odl c/f1 cl 'ii 'i 'l ,
~ ' '
3ml~cti:l'il'i't, 3!j$11ci'il'1 ~ I
32
Set of Three
cfi-f .11<1>1~ et', !~-cf<f'l- 81<1>1<1: (<1>1<11: 'jfll":)- ~ilc/>111:,

c/> 0 ell c/n cf'cFf, ~ cf'cFf ~ : . f.'i>J!o1i!>l<i~i1fa I
11m ~ cf'cFf I !~ et', cfi-f <f>TlJ- ~-tjc/>=1=;q'
Three types of Buddha's ~ ~ f.'i>J!o1c/>I.Q I
Teachings- Spoken Teachings, The three Bodies of the
Blessed Teachings and Buddha- Truth Body, Complete
Approved Teachings. Enjoyment Body Assumed of
bliss and Emanation Body.
~°1·9i.sr11.sr~°I·~5rci·9i111 Ill ilf<r.il '\·
1:,1/):!a.;1 .l:!'fj!!]'C,1/),'i"'il ~l!f<,1/),·aa.;·~n
511 l!,l'<,l'-,~"l''<(ll- "-'11 ! ;;""i''\"'i':;:i-
;;i'~ "-1'3J~
- ll
tllz:;''li l
"{~1.),<'l I ;q I:- ulTclT f'i cfl.ll et
'\.l:!!!]l!ol'i"'il "1'\l!l'i"'il ~· r~111·aa.;·~n
3 ~ ' '
c; 1"1, ufl'41 Ul&li!-l'TT, 'il.-i'; '1-
Gi~t1: lJ"flnl":- 31'ilc'1\.kl111:, c!RT 'ii' I
31 Pi c"-1 q c"-111:, ~ I cfi-f
""-'
~a: ~
<f>TlJ ('1"'61ir)- "1lcl'r
''
A WI et c. 1"1, ufl'41 Ul{!jji!-l'TT
311 c'1 ~ '1 q c"-111 :, 3lfi':l 4 fa q c"-111 :, 11m 'ii .-c; '1 n Pi r\ a cITTT 1
xi'1'1'fli!q,1111~i1fa I Three Wonderful Bodies
cfi-f q I~ et', 'l"flnl"- 31 'ii c'1 \.I c"-111, (Persons)- Jowo Mikyo Dorjee,
Jampa Chokhor-Ma and Tara of
31 Pi ,11 \.1,1111 ~ x'!T'lcl \.1,1111 I
Sandal wood.
311 c,1 ~ '1 q c"-1 ,i,
-m
3lftl q fa \.I c"-1 11 11m !Cl"l''!Ji111 ~-
l!-lz:;"l' ~"l'"-1' ~Ql!,l' "J,'"l~~ ll
+1'1.-J'fli!\.l,<111 I
l "l·"-l·~z:i"l·l!J.·ai£~n '\~ -~'.'.\"'i'"-1' ~z:i"l·
The three conditions- Unchan-
ging condition, condition of l!J,'"l£~· ~ '!!]l!J,3J'5Jl!
impermanence and the effective
condition. ~"Ifill"li!"llf.1- ~ ~ •li\:Plfii,
OR El.f ~ •Ii<P If'i 11m x'fEi ~
Objective condition, funda- •li\:Plfii I
mental condition and imme- flf-"1~ 0 1- ~ <t1" ~ Ti "(i[@l
diately preaching condition. t Ef.f <t1" ~ Ti \iITTTI { om
~i9i111 l"l·ii afz:;"l·ii ~"-l·i~n '1"Ei <t1" ~ Ti "(i[@l { I
33
Set of Three
Three refuges- Taking refuge in m ~ ~ ~ fl>'l{M cf,T

the Buddha, taking refuge in the ~ ~I I*'11 cfi "ifrcR x'!- ~
Dharma and taking refuge in the ~ "clU cfi ftr;g <fqj cfi >ITT'r
Sangha. ~ {,:\1'11 i:ilf"6~ I
5q111·<1.~·ar&1~"i·!·qsiq·s·111,&11 <,Jt;,<,J'
The three kinds of associated
precepts of Taking Refuge
t<-J' '\ 1"i·&it"1 '~ ·~ "i'~·q~"i'~"l<-l 'q<:l_·l which are common to the
other two- One should pay
"1 ~"1 <-J' a-.~.~~..i111· ~&1· UJ"i..i'\."l''z\<-J' respect to a clay-made figure
q"-·s·ci·'\r:.· I t 111·'\1"i·o.1t111·~·~"i''\o.1· including even to broken parts
of stamped clay figure (Tsha-
t <-i·~·<f·~·'\r;,·aj 111111·qo,1l a· "i'~ 3-·&1·9· Tsha) as the basis of the Buddha
Jewel, pay respect to scriptures
a.~·~ 'UJ"i".i'\'"l''zj111·<1"-·s·ci·'\r:.·1 '\9. and books of the Holy Doctrine
"'~"i·'\1"i·o.1t111 ·~ ·~ "i·f "i·qa: .i·~"l111· including even letters of the
volume as the basis of Dharma
'\r;,·l a·"i·~ "-·2f3-·~"i'<l"Cllj ci· q· UJ"i ·.i'\·"l' Jewel and pay respect to the
garment of the Lord, to a patch
'z\<-l'<l"-'S·cia.'n of yellow robes of spiritual
lll~"l'l'l'1t'll fffif: •H''ll•l~llITT:-
friends (master) as the basis of
the Sangha Jewel.
!-il ~MI~ 'i'l I'1 clq TI~ 111ii!.l fc1 'i Ill I:
'll"ifll-iUYi.l'fi 'llcfiicl.1'1,, t14~MI- aq111·a.{·i~·i:isicr~r""'<.1"11]'!;1&1\ ~lll'ry"l'
m "31'1 cl ii fl <fi ,j LI-@ cl? q cc Iii i:i
'
~~=qj+'~'rlfq-m-,-q4""'n=''
~
'11 cfii cl.1 'j,
' '
"fi"ET- 1·'\1"i·o.1t111·o.1i\<i""l'ci!"i. <1"-'S. ~ r:. l
{ MI~ "31'1 cl ii
'
~11,1c/Jq,~1<1
' a·"i·,._r;,·~<-i·i·,r ci<:l_·~'\· ~111· :l)r:.·o.1 t '\·q· '\ r;, 'l
itfu" I
q) ii q c c q i.j 'fi '11 cfii &j
'
~I~ Dl-l'fll'1' ~ \fR 't-f'll 'I ~111 ·'\r;,. S''\"13-. 5"-. UJ r:.· '\1 "i.o.1t111·~. ~ r:..
firm'- ftifl4 ~ ci?r m ~ l:l''jt;,' 1 '\1"i"&li""l·~·ci:i""i'lj "i'iIll''!;l'~"i'
~ ~ ~<fi~M cf,T ~
cf.2Tl'l'@ ci?r !.l fc1 'i I x')- ~ r.i<:l_' (·"i <,J' (lJ r;, '"i <,J '(lJ r;,' ~'l !1:1<-l' ~!'"'{·CJ'"l'
~-~ {clt.B <fqj cfi '3{'1$ q~q·qa.'11
>ffi'r ~ , '5l 'i I i:i I fg ~,
ftifl4 wt ci?r m ~ ~ ~ ~1~"1'1'1'1ifll fffif: fll'll"'l~ll:·11:-
£14,M cf,T ~ ~ ci?r f.'Rti Gl,M'i,"11\l.J' ~ - ~ :
:!*'1ci? izci '1c';c x'l- ~ '3{icf>l ffl ~ ~ ~ ''fl"1'11'1
"\!<Ii ~ <fqj cfi >ITT'r ~ JN<1, !.ll"l:!{«l>l{l\l.J' ffl 8,M
, ,:\I '11 i:i If"6 ~ Tim fti fl 4 "ffET ci?r '1' ,i.ll"i.l'j, 8,M'J"l'j 3ljf'l~UI
34
Set of Three
''j,'1f11fll ~1'1"1'1'1'114 ~ tllff4 ffl 7@ "f1'n1 f1 '\'i:t 1'11 't

irtzr I 31 fg f1 I, >ii E.I f4 ffl 7@ "f1'n1
:tl,•1-l"flR ~ cf'R '(11'11--/"11'1'1-i irtzr I
ftrfillY- 81 ,<"1 1'i m ~
cfi ,t"DJ-l"flR ~ cf'R ~,t) oJ
'<lG: cl.1 Fci\i c!ll" "f1"<:T 81 , <"1 *t ftrm·- ~ ~ m tj \I[pf
~ tj ,4 <'1' '1 '6"'11 tj If5 ~ I <IBT i:i. fcl,f11 31.i:J ~ cJ c1 I cfi m tj
\l'P fcl, Fcl, Bi ~ ~ cj) " q,"f m .,gt iJ1T'1T tj If5 ~. "11 qtj *t
~ ,::rm ~ "ff ~ 81,<"1 m 1'i -:;;irm t '3"'1' ~ *t
*t ~ cj)>/'"11 tjlf5~. mui 1fcf rnn .itt cj"i,.--il tjlf5~ 11'1.JT u11
tf'l-f1 "-1 l?ii cfi ~ ~ 81, <"1 c!ll" ~ *t m 1'i -:;;in,r t '3"'1' 31.i:J
i;-'11 11'11 .,gt tj If5 ~ 11'1.JT 81 , <"1 cfi ~ ~ m 1'i .,tt iJ1T'1T
TIT 31-jf'l,"I ~ ~ ir,•
q,"f tjlf5~ I
ir,: m Tf"'f'l ~ ~ The three types of Special
tjlf5~ I Precepts of Taking Refuge-
The three types of General When one has taken refuge in
Precepts of Taking Refuge- the Buddha, he should not go to
One should always exert to other gods for refuge; having
venerate the Three Jewels even taken refuge in the Dharma, he
for taking of one's food, he should not hurt any beings; and
should not forsake the Three having taken refuge in the
Jewels even for the sake of his Sangha he should not rely on
life or on account of bribary and non-Buddhists.
he should take refuge again and
again by remembering the aii:i~·1:1.~·i:i1i:i·5·~51·r.i·111~111 J i1:l.·i:i~i:i·s1
qualities of the Three Jewels. s·!i111·~·i:i~i:i·s1 ~· 51!l°'i·~·i:i~i:i·s<tn
aii:i~·1:1.~'S'!ill1'.iil''llll'l'S'~5fr.t'll1~511 ,t" o I •I 'I "I t'1l flffclm ftr,m-
~~~·~~'"l'!q~·~. ~~·q~'lll1"1°'i'"l' f1 I'1 I"ll ~ llill, R1~1q~1a:rr. m-
m ilizr1
ai:i~·'1i·3l·<:i,sf·i:i··f·1 i~·Ql·ai:i~·'1i·~~· >t""I 1"flR ~ Ri!~EI ftr,m-
q~·a) 51~· i5°')' ~51~· "l' ~ 51' <1"-' <l.i°' q·3)·S'\' f11'11"ll m.
Fc1~iq fua:rr (1'1.JT
mm1
<1'1~·1 '\~'<l.~°')'"l'8'1~''1i'~~·q~·~· Threefold precepts of Taking
Refuges- General Precepts,
~ 111 ~· il°'l'"l '3) ·i:i~ °'i·r.i<tn Particular Precepts and Asso-
>l""''l'l"lt'll R;i;a) ~itoJ~lllil:- ciated Precepts.
1-ll f4 ffl 7@ 31 "ll ~ I>/ o11 ' I'1 '1 't
35
Set of Three
!"~·11111.11 ~11,1·~·t,;·~·1 ~11,1·~·"' ,;· l

~11,1·~·iiJi'~ll -,;nr:
'
rnq•l'll:-1::fal:
-, ~
~: '3c;l15,uj
' C"lj,'
1*[ I
'!~: P.l~t1:- J;!l,,jl-Jg;{,'1:, ~ -
clFJ 3fHj;tflTll'- 1:fal, t<j ~
~ : . '3<i1l-Jg;i,,'l~-<1R1 I
'3t;liN"I I
~ J.l<l>I~ et '!~- ~ ~. Three parts of syllogism- Propo-
~ ~ <1:?TI" '3<i1'l ~ I
sition, reason and example
Three types of person- Beginner alongwith.
(inferior), intermediate (medio-
cre) and advanced (superior). f i;·'.:!·t'\·cia·ai ~-11111.11 '\!!]·cit«J·cil'\·ill ~1
<lf,\"1"<1"~111"1111&1f 'ol"f~ll,l'Clf;\"l'CI\ )11,1· ~,;·~·~111·cil'\·iil ~! t"i'~"l 11,l'~'iil ~·q~11,1·
~11,1·Cl f;\"l 'Cl\ ,;,; 'Cl~iJi' ~11,l'CIf;\"l' qq°l\ ~!!
P.,i ~til fcl"ll"<l>lf:- ~ Fcl J.I cl> q:.
"i/)"@- fcl11c1>>:f:. ~1cifcl11c1>>:f~i.i I '
~ : . Ult11Y...-JIU11'-ai.i I
~ Y"il>"R et fcl"ll"<l>lf- <'fR 3Tq<ITf;!j' 31~- 3Wcl:
~ ~ Ifcl J.I cl> q,
~
cl> IC'1 fcl J.I cl> q 1;!q 3TUTI<!, 31'11' 11 'il 3TU!fl.l ~
WilclfclJ.1c1>q I Wt11 q "1 3lUn<! I
Three types of obstruction- The three chapters of total
Obstruction caused by object, comprehensions- The chapter
obstruction caused by time and of Foe-Destroyer, the chapter of
obstruction caused by nature. Never-Returner and the chapter
of Stream-Winner.
fl&l&l'll11&1J "-\'\'flol&I\ "l~ll]&l'flol&I\
"l ~11111,1· il '\'F&Jll,I' ~!!
~1.1·cia·(1.1·ci·111~1.11 ci~"i."liJi&I\ '\if!·
P.lt11g,:- ~ : . ~ . JRilq-
Cl~ iJi'"l\ '\if! 'Cl~ iJi'olq"l!
tll<j~-<1R1 I :;ni: ~:- '3YcllfH~cl,:,
~ EIT<j- cl>T'1 ~ <'i<[ tlT<j '3Ylft<!ificl,:, s3q1fflc1>1fici,~'<lfc'1 I
<1:?TI" JRiil1 tlT<j I •p;~ et
clFJ ~ - '3Ycllft-
Three realms- Desire Realm, ('Cf<!i- ~ qtt1 l.l) 'ft'cR. \j y I' 1-'ft'cR I
Realm. Three vows of a Householder-
One-day Vow, Layman's Vow
and Laywoman's vow.
36
Set of Three
qfil.sctr ( ')
~cli1'1 ~ . ~llf?llci c/,"<'11 ~
~llf?I ~ 0 11.11 c/,{'11 I
P.iif.lti: '341\Elll'll:- ~ : . Three activities of a master
~:.~I (scholar)- Preaching, debating
cfi.f :!I <Ii I { ,t \:l Y Ibll I 'l on siistric topics and composing
~1'10~{-~. ~-~ siistra.
TimPi~-~I &ta~·<J·111'!i&11 ~&1·&11s~1 "l&l~l!-l' '11~·
Three types of abbots- The
abbot of a novice, the abbot of a ~l!-l·..f11
fully ordained nun and the abbot
Rilf.ll'.f >,!l'i'1- fl4lc/,l-<$11'1'1,
of a fully ordained monk ' '
'11•f$11'1't, cl«j$11--i ~ I
oSlf~·-q·i°&l'll]'!i&lf &If~'i~·iftl!-l'i.f cfi.f '\l<l>R -<t '$!Ff- fi 41 c/j 1, $11 '1,
'11•f$11'1 TI'l<T cl«j$11'1 I
icr'\<f~·<J~·~z;·l!j~l!-l! fl!-l'~"l·~·~z;·
Three knowledges- Knowledge
~~·q~·~11 of Omniscient mind, Knowledge
of Path and Knowledge of
~=, 31~=1'<l~l-rlli' :, .JC l~(iJ)t='<l,
~tl-rl+j={
Bases.
~ "';fll:- ~ :
(~:), 311i114q~fjl!lfc[:, ~z.;a.'\&l'~'"l5l'll]'!i&tf l!-l<; l!-l '~l!-l' ~·
tllf-<1"1~fil•l~i1'1~ilffi I
'\~<;l!-l'<Jf ~&11!-l'&li'~'l!j~l!-l'~ll]l!-l! ~"I'
'341\Elll'!, 311'<114 ~ tiif{l\il, -it
cfi.f- ~ ~ ("ffl'n- "'S,:.,·<J·~&11!-l·~·~&11!-l' ~z;·~&11!-l·..f1 I
~ ) . 3lli114 ~ Tim 0
"';fll: fi fil{f.t{Rl>i1•1f:- "),<i,l~lll:,

tllf-<1"1 ~fi'i• I ~ -g I
'1 q ~ii ffi I
Abbot, Master and the Spiritual
King, these three- Abbot
cfi.f fi. fi I {-~~ 1fT1f- "'),<i,' cfi
3TTW<l, 'fi'i'q q\1' ('f2@T \'f'l<T
Bodhisattva (Santarak~ita),
Master Padmasambhava and the mfi'llll cfi ~I
Spiritual King Trisong Deutsan. Three trans-worldly paths-
Thought of the Buddha, reality
&1fl!-l'<JS:5·q·lll'!i31 l "-a;'\·<J1 f '\'<lf g&1·<Jitl! of sentient beings and the
experiential vision of yo gins.
Rilf.lti. qfil.sa<1>1li'1J- qc1'i+1,
' '
~llf-511cl:, ~11,,,rno11.11· ~ I ~,;.·r::1a·"l51'11l'!i&lf ~~·3i'z;l!-l·<J/.\.·"1&1 I '211!-l'
~''21&1! il!j·r::t~"l'~'"l&l'3ll!
37
Set of Three
~: t11t11R<1><t1•1f:- ctc1~11-J1•f:, the Wheel of Dharma done at

<'liiil-Jt•f:, ~:i!ill-Jt•f~i'lffi I Varanasi, the second turning of
clR ti" 1tu R <1> lfflf- <lWl-•,rt the Wheel of Dharma done at
c1>.:r-l!J1t om ~:<£1- lWf 1 Grdrakii\a and the third turning
Three worldly paths- Delusive of the Wheel of Dharma done at
path, path of action and path of VaisfilL
suffering,
'lf"'"f"l&lf ~1'"1''1\ ;j'<:11\'"l"I\ ;j'<:!11'
~,._,af~&l'<l'IIJ"!&lf af"1'<i'ri'O,l'Q"l&I'~' ~"l '~ '"1 ~&I' c!l", '~ll
"'F'"-'<lJ\ jfi;'Q'Q"l&l'"lli"i'~'"'F'-'<lJ\ ;j'Q' R;i <t o ~ <'I '1,- cj;""ffi, fil,1:rr, q;.:r ~ I
"l"l'~'"'F"'af/(ll clR <t o~ <'I- cj;""ffi, fil,1:rr om
q;,t I
R;i ~ Ei t1 si, <t,- >,,i cl aIi1 ffi 1-J, UTA-
' The three circles of an activity-
tjffil-J, <'liiii1<!l ~ I Agent, action and goaL
'
clR Jl<bl~ et '<fil>- JJ.lclO[tjffi,
Ul l'1 i1 ffi "C;ci if> ii i1 ffi (W'l1 l"1 i1 ffi) I "1"'""1'~"''"'"I'll"'! "-\ 1'"'"1"''1"..,,S'"'QI
Three types of Wheels of "-\1·"'"1"''1"''1"'' :i.._.S'"'Q I "-\ 1'"'"1"''1".S'"'
spiritual aspirants- Wheel of
study, wheel of contemplation
C!~JI
and wheel of practical conduct. Ril~"I: ~'i.'1<1:- 31cfla,111:, ~
~ " i'lffi I
'If.,_,ar~lll'IIJ"!&lf <11"''1c:,2f,<:J~ "i' Q~ a, qJci,l•[:, q[ci,![I[~
ciR II ;'"1'&1~'~1'il1'<11\' ~ cflci,1 11 "C;ci ct1a,1•1 I
Three types of person- One who
i°'"l'"'f"I <:!'l]Cl,'~'&1'->l "1"1'<1,;· ~&1'"1'-'~'
is not free from attachment, one
<:J1\'i°'"l'"'f'-'(ll who is predominantly free from
attachment and one who is free
o:llfill E!'ftlsl>II <ltl'ilf.l cl[,![U[f<lj from attachment.
~ '' = ~ ffid'ill-
T''"~~
e.1iii1w!.1 c1 et'i'i, ~~t t<'ll i wfrn- l~ 'Qi"i'"l~Q'~&r<l'IIJ"!&lf ui'i;"If"1"1'
e.1 iii1ffi!.I clet'i ~ I 1~'<:!~",l <5'i;~rg\1~·C!~",l ~,~a,
---<\---.
c11 ., IC.I, f
'<'BI> II <I'a '1-cl l'1 IoI{fl~ .,''1;
J;[\l,fl-j' e.1iii1ffi!.lclet'i, ~ -,'j 1~'Q~",'C!<i"l'~l l
f& cf1 ll El iii1 ffi !.I cl et '1 OW- ~ ~ 11 <11 Ri! ~IC.I: '\I'~: \'.I q I fl <1>:- f1 "i;'~
wfrn
-,'j t1 ii i1 ffi !.I cl et '1 I
q[fjif>:, i'li:iii14l4l'<i<'li:, ''1(;'f1141-
Three turnings of the Wheel of
flif>~ilffi I
Dharma- The first turning of
38
Set of Three
cft'l
Sl<l>I~ Y1_!~ id41fi- path of a trainee and the Sangha
~ ('Jqlfic/>, i\ltiltllf-'1qlfic/, on the path of no-more learning.
Tim ~-idqlfiil> I OR
Three types of actual ordained Sangha of Fully Ordained
lay-person- A full-fledged Monks, Sangha of Bodhisattvas
ordained lay person (observing and Sangha of Sravakas.
all the five vows until death ~9·"zt·:-Q"ll]'-1511 S"'t"'l~a.J<!-l'"i1·q1
' while rema1n1ng as a
householder), an ordained lay ~IIJ·q1,,. Q<!,lo,J' qAo,J' qz,.'i9.q1 "·'i"·r:;·u:i·
person (observing all the five
vows until death while leading a "/l.·~o,J·q·clfr:; <!-l''!i' 'll"<!,l'Cl'Q,';<!,l'~I I
life of celibacy) and an ordained '11'-'"i1
lay person (obser-ving all the
eight vows of one day vow- "-~\a;9<!-l'3l'i'"ll ~·~r:;·3l\<lj 9~'ij9'
holder).
iil1·q2(11
~9·oi.~"i'~lll'<fl!J'J51f ~~·~·~·1~·
-.:fl ~I ifj/~I <'I '1<'11 f.'1- ~-
"-'.:)"il '"'qQ,''i~'"-~"il &l'iQ'tlQ,''i~' ~:. 3ll~lllf<l~f.&:.
318c/>l·U1'1il>I,- qR<'lll'l~ilfa I
"-'.:)"i'~ll <IT
'11'-'"il 3@Tl'f:, ~:. 31'11i,~tlfa I
cft'l ilJ. ~ I <'I '!..<'I- ~ . c!l1"
'i~ ·tr:;·~·19 '"-'.:)"i 1 S"'t"'~51<!-l''iq1,,· '1<Gi"fa, ~ 3l1Wll <12:IT '-4' 101'
'i~ '"-'.:)"il ")"i.-€<!,l'~''i~ '"-~"i'Q~'~ll 'lffi' "fl ~ 315c/>l'I "il>T
<'llT'T I
~~~: ~:- 1J:2,1'"1.-Jfl°EJ:, ~ - m
<'it:!:.~ I Plti/?1'1, ~ <f2:IT Wffi, I
<IT The three roots of virtues-
~+itl:, ~:. ,!;[]cl"c/,- Cultivating the Bodhimind,
tit1~t1RI I resolute thought and the
cft'l II <Iii~ er; ~-
1J:~-<'it:I. complete abandonment of the
tt!Rl-<'it:I <fm ~-<'it:! I miscoception of 'I' and 'Mine.'
m OR
~. ~ 101' ,!;[]cl"c/,-
Root of virtue devoid of desire,
root of virtue devoid of hatred
<'ftl' I
and root of virtue devoid of
The three types of Sangha- The
ignorance.
ordinary Sangha, Sangha on the
39
Set of Three
cfl.r 4'<"-lxl,f-
'J'<'Y>iA.1,1,
q,A.1,1 cfm ~l"-lY,A.1<11
The three lineages- Family
lineage, reincarnation lineage
and disciple lineage.
"'!'\"<l"~&f<rllj~&I\ 'l<l"SJ' ~-"'~'\ l *·ia;·

f 'i·"' ~'\ i ~&lllll'<>i a;·sa;·.Jiz:illll·~·"' ~1·
&:.1i{ll
cq1::~1
~c:.·z:i~'\'<1"1"-'&lf l<I~'\'"l~"'"ll ~Q'
SJ''j"l' tC:.'~'Q ~'\'<li{ll

Y,HJ ,1 P.! fcll'.11 ~
(<Jl>-f1, 'i~ q, A1 <1), ~ 9,c-'-1 q' A1 /1 I
'l,, I' I '1-Yx ><jx I, '34 clil' ~14xA1>/I,

~
TJl't-fl< ~ 1"11 fl q, A1 I'< ilfr q '<A.I'< I- TJl'lfR
cfm ~,i101,1HF1 ~IICT I Yx><jxi (<Jl>-f1x<f~q,A1<1),
Three types of contradictions- ~-4,/Aj,/I (~9,c-'-lillll4,A1>/I),
Contradiction not abiding 3lj"dl'ilfii~qij q,A.1,1
together simultaneously, contra- m
dictions canceling each other '
and contradiction by valid
cognition.
!'\"<l'llj~&I\ ,sj'"-11\'~'\'<lf CIIC:.'~'\'~'~'\'<lf
fil'<1'&1<l~1·"i{l l
fffif: '.l,'<'q,A.1<1, 'f1'-
4'<"-1'<1:-
0\'"1q,A1>11 cfm ~1"44<A1<1 I
40
Set of Three
cqz:;·~1
{IIJ'ti511 "i"'~·(1 C:<lj'~·(1 cl:J~·~·
QlO,'~'jCJ'Clj ~"i'~C:..'CJQ'jCJ'Clf ~i!J'
ifi{11 UJC:'"il 11 "1'!:ic:·1 ~"1"·..f11
q,;· ~iii· qa_. j Cl' q· Cli5.,...f1 I
Rlt:F1'l- ct>l'-IEil~'j. <llcf\&l'<'t,
fil ct1 & I~ '<lfi'f I -:flfil( 3f(ij't01(f.'I- cfc-l~JJqi(OJl-j,, ·
cfT $1<.llili!"l'l. {ll-jJq<"(-l(Jqi(Oj '<lfi, I
'
clil'<I:, cfTcl'i, ftrct1' '<lfi, I cfT
~ ~ - clil'<I <ITT '1,R, '<l'T<fi <ITT cfc-l~JJq;(O(l-J, $1<.(Jq;(OJl-J, c/il-J\qi(Uj
' '
'ITT'< "ff!?.TI' ~ <ITT 'ITT'< I '<lfi, I
m qf
clil'<I, '<l'T<f( zci ~I fli!J l JJq '/ OJl-J, {l ~ fa Ej Jq'/ OJl-J,

' '
The three doors- Door of body, t1'11il,ui '<lfi't I
door of speech and door of qf
mind. c/il-J\q'/OJ'\, cfc-l~JJc/'/OJ'\. fc1qJcfiJ-
OR cRUl '<lfi't I
Body, speech and mind. ~ ll<l>li! ~ 311<1'/0( cfc'rn-
11'~8f<l'IIJ'ti511 alc:·1 "1~"1"1 cl:J·~0:11 31Jc/i!OJ, W,-3'.(Jq'/OJ ~
fl'llqfc'n-311<1, 01 I
~= RlfaEI:- "lll'f, ~ . 3!ITT m
'I, ~ ~ - "IT'f, ~ zci cf;l'\-31 Icl, oI I
3'.IITT I m
Three types of sound- Name, fli!JIJ 3fJc/'/OJ, fl~faEJ 3fJq'/OJ
word and syllable. "ff!?.TI' ffi 311<1, 01 I
iji:r<r~8rll]'ti51f ~"i'iCll ~"'iCll fol"' m
cf;l'\-3!Jtji(OJ cfc'rn-31Jc/'/OJ (!!!TI'
'
~"l'~'iCJ'CJo:'11 fc1q1cr, 311<1, 01 I
Three types of obscuration-
UJr;'lil
Delusive obscuration ( obstruc-
~"i'iClf ~"'iCll QlO,'~'iCJ'Clo:'11 tion to liberation), obscuration
of wisdom (obstruction to
cqz:;·~1 omniscience) and obscuration to
'""1"'CJi5.,.~. iCJ· CJ 1 '1fIIJ" ·CJ i50,· ~· jCJ·CJ I meditative absorption.
OR
~51"1. CJQ.' i Cl'CJ0:11 Delusive obscuration (obstruc-
tion to liberation), obscuration
41
Set of Three
to wisdom ( obstruction to "'i"''S . ' i"'r;i:q'l·<11,;,·'\'l1'11J~51f '\ l!,l'
omniscience) and karmic

{ Q l!,l' ~- fj l!jl!-l '"IC,.'\ I!] :!II!] l!,l' r;a,·;l!jl!-l'"IC,'
obscuration.
OR
'\ l!J ell'\·i l!,l·~·; l!J l!,l'"IC,· '\l!J' Q,';l!,l'.rn
Obscuration of attachment,
impeding obscuration and lower fll>Ull'J,fll~OI Gif<l!,f: flRl•gg,:-
obscuration. cl f\j,o! C'F!i RJ I g\j,, !,I ffl ~ fl RJ I gg:,
OR
311 '<1 fl Rl •g\j,~'<1 fa I
Karmic obscuration, delusive
fll>Ul ,t 31'j,fl1'1 '<fi"1' 'II'~ ,t
obscuration (obstruction to
liberation) and obscuration to fl Rl <f>, ~- cl f\j,ol c'I fl Rl ~ ~-
karmic effects !.I ffl ~ '{i Rl ~ ~ '(1'2-11 3ll""1
f1Rl~ ~ I
1i:r,"l·!·(·'i'l''\S'"'a·,i:q"'<11,;,·'\i:q·i:q~511 The three kinds of correct
reasons according to the
\~,-~q-~'fjl!jl!-l'"IJ:,''\I!] ~- ~'\'"-QC.I,'~ I!]'
thesis- Correct reason that is
ij"'."a·1i9 l!,l '"1 "-''\l!J \a.;·'\"'·~·~ '\'l!J ~ l!,l' based on cogent evidence,
correct reason that is based on
''l'~"'·"a·1il!J l!,l '"IC,.'\ l!J ..qf1 conventionality and correct
reason that 1s based on
t1 IEf '1-f<lUl'J,tll~ 01 Gif<lEI:
conviction.
flRl 1 l ~:- 31ciffi~fP-l-lcf§<J,
ell cl 151xl-11-;1 if> ffl ~ f1 Rl et§<}, '3'1lm- C,'~"l'9~51 l ~3,J'r.J",'r.i_~r,·1;1·~1 ~,;,·
cic.!l cl 15 Ix~~ ffl~tiRl~ g\j,~i1R'I I
t1 IEl 1-fclftr ,t 31 'J,fl I< '<fi"1'
f 1;1~·,,;a.;1 iji\''<',';i\'~ll
'II'~ ,t flRl<lt ~ - 31cl- Gif<lEt: an,'~:- fc1qRu11l-11ticf>1,c
~ flRl~ ~ "1T'l 'il-o1cf>-~
flRl~ ~ ~ "1T'l ~ 31cl,
~~ flRl~ ~I
'<fi"1' g ~ *
fllf<cicf>l§cf>1,:, a1l-itil§<f>lx~-c1R'l 1
3115' <f> I'( Fc1 q RO 11 'i
31 15 if> H, fl If<ci if> 31 15 if> I< 'ci'[[T
The three types of correct cill-ifl 311,cf>lx I
reasons according to the way Three types of pride- The
they are established- That changeable pride, the coura-
which establishes meaning, that geous pride and the pride of
which establishes only name darkness.
and that, which establishes
name as well as meaning.
42
Set of Three
practice written by Acharya

Longchen Rabjam)- Relaxa-
~ " ll]'~°i'r.JQ.'C::.11]'~
~ " "lj tion of the suchness of mind,
~"l'~'ll]~l<l'&lll Relaxation of the illusions and
Relaxation of samadhi.
Rt Rli:i: tf ~ nj ',I t'[fq:- fi'r~- c.~·i:il\·'\"IC::.'lrll],&IJ ~11]'~' \"IC::.'f.Jj ~"1'
ffl ...-J i;i <114 '1 • &ii Fc\, c/H-i RF,-
l,l <114:, ,i,<H-if>l...-Jl,1<114~-ilfa I ~~·~''\"IC::.'f.Jf "l'jC::.'fl<l~'~''\"IC::.'cic(f[
cfi.-1 J.I q, I'< qi ti ~ nl ',I t'[fq-
fi'r~ ~. c11Fc\,c/i
Rt fc'l i:i· f.'l ,i d P,;; "lfll' - ',I IOI f.'i; '-1 "I,•
fcl $11.'1 f.'i: '-1 "I. B""qa1 f.'i: I'! i f.'l ,id f;: '1- ffl-
Three-fold idle gossip- Wrong ~ . Fcl $1 Ia1 f.'i: '-1 ~ '3'"qa1 f.'i: '-1 I
idle talk, worldly idle talk and Three types of definite sense-
idle talk though it is true. faculty- Sense faculty of life-
force, sense faculty of consci-
c::.°i·~c::.·IIJ,"'I '\~"l'"II cl:l·'illJ~I ~'\· ousness and sense faculty of
equanimity.
<>.¥11
rq·:;'\·1a'l!i'\·l~·IIJ,&I\ :.IIJ·.:i'\'iil·~ ~·~·
ftm': ~o<l': - '11>1 c/i: ('11, iii '-1-
i;rrofi), mr:. fa <lcf\ (~:) 'ilfi'r I ~·a;°'·~ "''IIJ311J''\c::.·~°'·r.Ji.\·1;3,'\'i ~ r iQ·
cfi.-1 ~-.f~- "'1<c/i (-ai1-.---'c/i,......
'-1
9~~'Q<lj',z<lj~'Qi5~'r.J''\C::.'!:j'-'J'QQ.'~'\'~~1
" " 'Y
i;rrofi), mr
e10?.TT fa <lcf\ (11W I
Three bad sentient beings- Hell ,;c::,' "l~°i' Q~ °\ 'r.J~' { c::.· r.Ji.\.( ifi:l.'f;l,'\·l ~·
beings (beings living in hells),
hungry ghosts and animals etc. ~rr
C::.<>l'11Jir(,;·"1~&1J ~"'~·~'\'c::."rllJ~I ij' f<fl-J I <l if> I '1 t'1 -,f) fCl I <'fe-t oII f.'1-
~ c/51 '1 fcl ~I fa fi:!: 3Fi I~ cl $1 l'-1 cl if:
"'·c::."l'IIJ~I <1~"'.IIJ'i°i'c::."l'<lJ~ll ti "I "cl I ' I d <1 ll-fUTl-l.
'
g 3ilcl'{OI-
"'-' {irrrqr.cl
ti"''1"'1'{fi:,~""<1=<11l-fUTl-1 "{-q'l-[jq-
Gi Rt i:i I fa JS! 1Pt, :- Rl ct1 <11 Fcl mf.fr. •'
,i,'-1<"lltj ~e-rui 'ilfi'r I
'11'-11fcl~: ~-'>llf.'d~-ilfa I
SI <f> I'! ~ fa-'SI I f.tl- fil ct1 <11-
cfi.-1 t-<l'I-J I <l if> I '1 qi cfR <'flffUT-
fcr~. "ll'-11Fcl~ ~ ti'il~- ~ ifil:,~ti 3i'11~cl '$1Fl-cflf 'ft ~
fcr~ 1 'ITT'IT. cl Iti '11 c/i ~ ~
311 cl '{ 0 i\ 'ft ~ 'ITT'1T c,O?.JT "{-q'l-[jq
The three cycles of relaxation
(the three welknown texts of 'ft ~ ma\ c/i c/,1'{01 ~ 'ft
f p-q ...-J 'ITT'1T I
43
Set of Three
The three characteristics of the The three natural existents- The

Natural Truth Body- Being natural existents of imputed
endowed with the twenty one phenomena, the natural exis-
categories of uncontaminated tents of dependent phenomena
wisdoms, being devoid of the and the natural existents of
two obscurations together with thoroughly established pheno-
their instincts and possesing the mena.
nature of emptiness because of
being true by nature. '\t~·~r:rCJir:rr.ia·,"l·111 ~&1J ci~SJ'lllli"\'
(-q-''\'il'\'""lf!'l&IJ &la;°"\'~ '\ ·f· ii·~'\'il '\' ~~·'\(~·~ci·ci~ci·r.i1 ci.i~·ci(\~~·
r.i1 §·i:r('q-~'\'il'\·r.i1 \"\''\oJ'r.i·('if~'\· '\t~·~Cl'Cl~Cl't.11 i"\·~111·9~ '\t~ gjCI

il'\'t.l~IJ Cl~Cl't.l~IJ
';!<I": R=I f4i f.'r t: fii fcl'f.l ll :- UI I~ 'i
P.lfcl'f.l I f.r:'f<l'JJ I <lt1 I- c'fa,uif.'r:-
~. '3«1Ri-1A:~. R, f,t; Ai,l,:, '1"5101 i'H
Ai,l,:, mi\,, R'lf,t;Ai,l,~t1fa I
*-
1Rl,l~:~~I
R=I R;-111 ~ <!ft cft.r fcl Rill i-
cf):"'J l.t q, I '<
c'[a,uif.'r:~ .
<!ft f.r: 'f<l "l I , '11, -.,.=,r-"fTCI cfi ~ ~
*
"\IT'cf
1'fTqffi o:m
Three identityless phenomena-
~:~ I
Identitylessness of definitive ~~
* * "\IT'cf cl>, '11 "(112IT m+! cfi
"\IT'cf c!>,11 I
characterristics, identitylessness The three ways to gain
of production and ultimate perfection- Through practising
identitylessness of phenomena. meditative stablization, through
reciting mantras silently and
('q-,'\'lf!'l&1J ':\"\'Cl~ll]~·r.ia ·i(-?i·~ '\ I through performing sacrificial
offerings.
lll"'"i''\cii::.·9·rif ~'\ 1 ar"' ~-~·~ci·r.ia.·r
'\t~·?i·ll]'l&IJ i:loJ·?:i1 ~~·r.i1 ~"\'al"\'"-'.:)'
if~'\'\11
P.l Fcl'f.l:
'f<l'Jj I <1:- q Rcj,R;q(1 '!<1"1'JcT:,
g'\-\1!
q, a"51 f<1"1'JcT:. qRA '4 "'H<l'+l Iil ~ i1 1 P-1 Fclf.l: 'llT<J:- \11'5:, t1 a11:.
cft.r SI I ii <!ft 'f<l"l I <Id I Fc1 ~ 1;!<K1 fi fc!j I'! ~'c) fa I
qRc1>R;Ga ~ . q,a"51 c!lt cft.r Sl<l>lil q', 1lT<J ( ~ - \11'5,
~ o:m q RA t11 "i c!lt tj'"(1'1 o:m fc1 ~ 1;!<K1 fi fc!j I r,
~I
44
Set of Three
Three types of phenomena- ~: a1r.=,;i<1>illlf:- ~45Jilillll ' .

Inanimate, animate and non- f.'l 'la 45J ii <1 ll \. 31 <ell 'f1 f.'l tq 451 <1 <1 ll I
associated compositional factor. ~I , ,
clFJ d I r.-,;i ii ll fl'l"- ~ q<1 <1 ll \,
ai,;,:,·"1,&1f 1'"' I ';!'"-&11 !f. go~.
~<>1''1
f.'l 'la q<1 <1 ll I ilm 31 <'ll "ci f.'l 'la q<1
"1~&1·ii'11 'Elm I
Three types of conducts in
<IJ<;''i! Mantrayiina- Elaborated con-
fi'::·i1 ~·&1"-\ i{·&1·,:i.;"'1·.S11 duct, non-elaborated conduct
and extremely non-elaborated
~'l'q>iJJ.- ~l<'h>/1, :fs"[. ~ ~ I conduct.
qf
(5i·Q,~·t·"1,&lf &1l\ilfa;1 "j<l"'l'<l~"ll
~ tff"!. ~ ~ I
clFJ ~ ~ell"- ~ . 1]'5 (1:1:[T %·a;,:i·15'11
~I
m .Jlfl)1 'I,cf<1>u11,11f.'l- ~ . 41tl'j.
~ cfi 11:1:IT ~ I 'T~~I
The three sweet substances- clFJ ll " -if} 'I,<f' (31Ti'J) uf<il-
Sugar, molasses and honey. :mt. qm 11:m xJ'T-tf ~ I
OR Three preliminary waters-
Honey, ghee and milk. Water offered as a token of
respect, water offered for
!_"1'1"~'"1,111 "1"'1"' '1!,"1'11 ~"1' '1!,"1"'11 cleansing the feet and scented
"1~,;ei·'1!."lei·.S1 I water.
~ f<lu: ~:- 'Jt_i.l'F-51:, fclw- m'&J!!'i""l~l ,:ioi''\'"i&1"'l'm'&1!!'il ~,;·q·a;·

lf'-51":, tll,/U~JJ"?l~ilfi1 I
&l!!"il ~"'l·s'\·a;·&1!!~·\11
clFJ ll 1,/ -if} ~ - 'Jtil 'I "?I,
fcl t1 I'I "?I 11:1:IT 'tTR"fi lf'-51" I ?1"ifll1 ''ll'fllllf.'l- ~
Three classes of mantra- Secret i:rr~. ~~I ,,
'
mantra, knowledge-mantra and ~ "lll'flll- ~.
mantra for retention formula. 'IT~ <1m ~ I
Three concordances- Concor-
!_"l'l"i"J'\"'f"J,&lf Jei'Qi;i!-11 {i!-i'il'\1 dance of merits, concordance of
~'i ''j' { "'I'ii'\.~·Y
'\.qi{II aid to liberation, concordance of
the path of preparation.
45
Set of Three
i6'1l]~51J ~B\· ·~\Cl~\ CJ"-'l\\Cl~\ a: '<\i"l'"f~51 l 1"'' ·a.~"1\ 9~:::.· . .

J\\Cl~'C!i5~'~ll 0.~"1\ "!9~·~·l'·a.~"l'<>l\\
P-1 I o._.; 'l_ 3l dl a q, I<:'I :, \.I '"'.J."1 "'1- "'IZ::.'B\l
'i!il'C'I':, ''1 fcl <Slh'</J I<:'l~i'1f<1 I
cft.J <Iii 0._i; (1WT)- ~ (~) ~-a.~"1' $. l' a.~"1 l ':lB\ ' :i'CJ("i.<id:i-
'i!il'<:'1', cl ct '1 H 'i!il'<:'1' Tim 0.~"1\ E_ ~-~-C!~<Ji'<I0.'/6 ·a.~<>J'Cji,~'~ l1
..... c,.,,- -
>t Rl Ollc/,l<:'I I
Three times- Past time, present ·::fl~I !I IRft:11.tf~i- c/,l~c/,\.llkl-
time and future time. ~ . cl1Rlc/,\.llk161'1'!, ~ffl.lq,-
\.1 Ikl 61 ,l --irfi'r I
i<Ji'<r~51'1l]~51J (9~'<J'i<Ji'<I\ ;$9'!'i<Ji' <ff
<I\ 1~·,,ri<Ji'~ll ?ftf.a!.I 1f<11314'!. 3l 1~~11 t\.l rf<l-
1314'!. 3lj~llfl'l\.llk161,l --irfi'r I
P.I fc'l Ej '16 If.'1 "-1 "1 '\,
'15 't'<l '1_ cft.J 111Rri;1?l'- c/,[~cjj \.llkli3111,
'161'.!~I. '1i31'1Ul'1c/,~i'1k1 I cl Ifil q, \.I Ikl 6 I11 Tim ~ fc-1.t q,
cft.J •H,-f<l- >113 rf.'1 "-1 "'1, =y13=1'.!~~~r \.llk16111 I
Tim '161'1Ul'1c/, I 'Ill
Three greatnesses- The great ?ftf.a\.ltkli3r4. 311~~111\.11fa131,l ~
Accomplishment, the great 3lj~llfl'1\.llfa61'1 I
Mahamudra and the great Three types of miracle- Miracle
Middle Path. of body, miracle of speech and
i<Ji·<f111~ar~1 ~z::.~·<1·i<Ji'<i\ (l!f~'<J' miracle of mind.
OR
i<Ji'<I\ i,l51~·"i<i": i<Ji·?.f C!i5~'9~51'"iZ::.' Miraculous feat of miracles,
miraculous feat of speech and
~-<l;{ll miraculous feat of subsequent
revelation.
Rt Fcl1ci >t il-f<l ~1'1 P<l a'{ lf6T-
\.16 t01 >1. ~ : , '161Rl<fi --irfi'r I
'
i~·~·ar1·ar~ar<l'"l~"l CJ'ljt:1.'i6°"i'51\ ':!:::.·
cft.l '16-fitt. ~ 11,<R{- '161\.161°1,
<6°\51\ ~9~'<1'<6°\51;{!1
~ (1"lfT '16 Ifilm I
Possessing the three great- P-!FclEi Qll1J'tl01'1
'
q~'i~'11"1'1,
'
nesses- The great abandonment, 311 1 1'1\.1'11"1'!, .-l.111.t\.1'11°i --irfi'r I
the great realization and the cft.J ]J<ITT'{ cfi Qll-]Jll]'Uf-
great mind. q'i'A'-\.1'1 IoI, 3!T'T'l-\.l '1 Ior Tim
'.-l!Tll-\.1 '1 I01I
46
Set of Three
Three types of authenticity of El I ffl ii> i! I ut I '1 : (RJ oil d ~ 1ffi',1j'

Dharma- Authenticity of the ~ Erffefi1>,1u111:)- w•1t11
teachingss of Buddha, authen- 'l""=IT, [QiH'i•I ihR:, IQ ,C'IYI
ticity of oral transmission and i'l'i~t!Rl I
authenticity of reasonings. Rl oil d q} <fi.l El I ffl ii> 'ffiill-
l11r,l!.·<ili\11r9~&1f '11''\'ll"ul'~J!.Jf ~i\' '511 ' Itl '1 'l""=IT, fQ '11.' I ihR "t1'1cTT
fQ-,c1 q 1-i'l""I I
-~i:r<il·~J!.Jr ':(i\'~CJ·til·~J!.J'~l[ The three Religious Kings of
.,.') fil I ,•:pf ii> 1,i $11 '1 If.'l- 311 ~ $11 '1 '1 ,
Tibet- Tsongtsan Gampo, Thri-
' Tsong Deutsan and Thri-
~ . Fcl~ci$11'1 'i1TI'r I Ralpatsan.
El 4"' 1,i q} <fi.l ™- m "$1T'i,
3lflWT-"$1T'i cfl!lT cl.11 q cfi "$1T'1 I i°41·9~&1f <lf1'\;:!/,,·i"J!.JJ Q!Q·s/,,·lJ!.Jr
Three Wisdoms of Dharma-
kiiya- Primordial Wisdom,
r.i.941· ':i1,,· t J!,J-~1r
Spontaneous Wisdom and P.>rf.'IEI: wf:- cl.1lci11<1w\:, ~ .
Pervasive Wisdom.
~I
l11r911r9~&1f ,IJ"l]J!.Jf &l~C:'l!jJ!.Jf 1"' <fi.l Y'if>l'x cf} wfcl.11 cc.il l1 Wl,
'1lUI Wl "t1'1cTT 1ITT'IWl I
!f"·<:rr Three types of Dharma- Dharma
r.,r-q"lci,'l- 'd<s1,1"<1•1:, 3/ac1\iH:, which is to be taught, dharma
' which is to be practiced and
fi £11 ~ cfi I 'i1TI'r I
resultant dharma.
cft"1' ~ ii> I i! q} ..fl q i!- ~ cl';
~ ('3rni!l'tt'I), .fm q;') ~ &1i°IIJ''\"l'-'9'-'&l'll]~&lf <!jJ!.JC:''\"lC:'r ~J!,J'
(3it1ci\iH) "t1'1cTT ,4Ell~cfil I
Three types of robe- The yellow "-"l'ul '~J!,J'~' \QC:'r 19·~ ''\QC:'fl[
upper garment, the yellow lower
garment and the yellow upper
ilfil1 '5ltidl~tid111f.'l- :rw-
~'611'1, $1111~'611'1, W<G[-
garment made of patch worn ' '
~ '6 l'1 'i1TI'r I
only by fully ordained monks or
cft"1' '5l'lld 31 ~ lid I '1- 'JtD' ~ .
nuns.
"$1T'i-~ "t1'm
l11r~·i)41·'\qi\"~&l'IIJ~&lf 1<:'"l~i\'~&I' ~~I
The three higher supreme
qr ~·ic:·~~-"l~i\r o1c:r.i.·"l'\'ll·~·"ai·,r empowerments- Secret empo-
u,·\l[ werment, wisdom empower-
ment and word empowerment.
47
Set of Three
·ci ·!~·~orr;9~51J ~·!11''JI ci 1·

~9·r;~orl!]~&1J .:i~·a.~111·'J1 ~~-a.~111·
~&l~'!l\'JJ ~~'!11''J~l1 'JI ~c;·~~-a.~111·'J~l1
-:fl fcl I Sf ii o I if> I ii o II f.'I 3WJ!fl<f: , <11,::·~1
T1<f!fl<f:, <f>"l'!l:1'-1~ilR1 I
~
cf>T ap:[
* 6Fl'T, T1T ap:[
3TB
6Fl'T
&1l~· a;/,.·a.~!!]''JI
-
"' "' l!j' 'JC\ II
~:!'';,1Cl.''\E,
~ \~&1~·~-a.~ !!]''JI
<f211 <f>"I'! cf>T !fl<f 6Fl'T I Fcl '11 'll: P.ii Fcll'.I :- 3l fi"l '11 fc) '11 'l I:'
The three causes of death- 0i&H fcl'll~I:, cllg'll fcl'll~I: 'cl I
Exhaustion of life span, exhaus- qf
tion of merits and exhaustion of
31-f:101 Rl'll'll:, '<l'l;,i:i~OI 'cl
action.
cfR *x't
fci'll'll:, 3lcfilC'!Fci'll~I: '<'I I
f1I '11 'l I- 3lfr.r x'\
Cl'!l~''JQ,'"' <~,;&1~·1c;· ~~-'J~·a.a;·qa.11
"' - SI if> I ii
Rl'll'll. ulc'I
x'\ Fcl11~11
Rl'll'll a211 'cf8
Sf ii u I~ cti P.ii RIEi 'i - cfi ~ I &1'-1, 'lJT

' " '
~ x't '11T ~ ~ x't
...:, ~ I C'! 1-J,' 3l ~ Icfic. d 'ilfc'r
3l cfi 'lTicf"lT I Fcl'll'll,
1!~'<f>T'C'!' ~ ~ <ITC'ft
id <"l "1 Rl'll~I <f211 3lcfilC'! x'\ fcl'll~I I
cfR 'll''<f>R ~ 1-l I •Fl I- '11,~ IC'1
1-l IcH I, 31 '11,~ I C'1 ''11 cl '11 1:/'i:I'
Three fold destructions-
3l ~ I i:ii <i 'lTicf"lT I Destruction caused by fire,
Three types of thoughts at destruction caused by water and
death- Virtuous thought, non- destruction caused wind.
virtuous thought and neutral OR
thought. Destruction by weapons,
destruction by sickness and
~9·~~·9~511 'ila·a.~111·~~1 .:ia·a.~111· fever and destruction by famine.
~~I ~a·a.~111·~~·~11 ;z:.
~9·11)·9~&1J " .,...
"'!i~''J'~·a.~l!]''J'\' l'i\'!CI~'
P-1 cl) if>:- ~ cl c{j cfi: '
a.mi ~"'·'J·~·~111·'Ja·{',.~·~c;·1 'iil111·
'11' I C'!l cfi ~ii R1 I
c1R 'C'!h!,- _,,,~-c1&1""'n-cfi. i~·~·a.~111·<Ja.·{·~&1~·"i1·~11
<f211 '11 ' I Ml cfi I
-::4') fcl I 'II'~ 'l I ii I ii I fcl I
The three worlds- World of
'll 1*1 '1 ~~'lit, lx'j.
gods, world of human beings
and world of naga (serpents).
48
Set of Three
'IT~rn tj ~IS I·,(l-1,, ~ "'!"ITT- <fiar 31"111Ff-tj«jislc'1-3l"jBT.-J,

111'1'11'flltj~ISI~ 'tjfc'[ I II~ 4 3l j'1 I'1 Tim 3lT'<l 3l j'l 1.-J I
<fiar 'lif~-"i,R- w\ cp] Three inferential cognitions-
ffl-"i,R 'ffi"UT t, 'ITal cp] ffl Inference through cogent
"i,R f.'111 f uI i Tim '1 g1111'1--.:rrf evidence, inference through
cpJ ffl ElR ~ t1 popular convention and
The three doors of entrances- inference through conviction in
Seeking refuge, as the door to valid scriptures.
Dharma, renunciation as the t:Jl'll'"l'"'l t:J~oJ'r.J·t:Jtt:JJ ry'lj~·'\z:;' a,'
door to liberation and Bodhi-
citta as the door to the path of ~"l~·<l'(<!J alz:;·t:Jt<l~II
the greater vehicle.
411)1 qRqe1'.-i1f.'t- 3ll~lll4Rcicl1-J,
'
l'<ll<r!j~·"l,111! i:<l'\"1.~'\·i<1·2i1 fil"l. Rrn,i1~1qRc1cl.-i1-J . .-Jll-l4Rcicl.--i il 1
'
<fiar II <Ii Ii( <ff q R q e1'.-i- 3lm"ll
~<!·'\"·"'-~<\· i<1 I "'F'~r ~<!·'\~ ·ai"l~· cp] 4Rcicl.-i. ~ ~ irn cp]
'\<l"l·t:J~z:;·t·11 4Rcicl.-i Tim "'1T'f cp] qRcicl.-i 1
Three types of changing-
>l<:i;' I 'tl AJ c; 111 'f'll ~: Changing the thought, changing
311ill11f:- 3llill4: tj] i'.51 I 4 I, the way of life (sign and
3llill4: Gil'11R.-JD.-J:, 3llill4: clothes) and changing the
~ - ~<'1'14c'1ui•1~ilR'l 1 names.
>l<:i;1l W'lJGT"& <ff <fiar 111;!&
311ill4- 3llill4 tjli'.51141, 3lli114 ~~·cr"l'"'l "-~'\."'"1~·'\z:;·1 ~-~z:;·1 "1~'
~ R.-ig.-i \'fm 3lli114 ~ ~"l·<l~~-"1~"'-~11
'Tc'l1T 4 i:'1 "1 ' I I
The three foremost masters of F-:l c;) 61 :- cp]lj:, ~:, ~ 'tjfc'[ I
Gelugpa Tradition- Acharya <fR II <Ii I ii <ff Gl'f- cp]lj, ~
Tsongkhapa, Acharya Dharma Tim~I
Rinchen and Acharya Khedup Three types of faults (delusions)-
Geleg Palzang. Attachment, hatred and igno-
rance.
m"1~·<1al~''\<1"1 cll'\·i~l~·'\<1"1·ilf1
~<1·ifz:; ~-~z:;·qa· i·"l,"'l CJ.,,."l. ~"l ,
'\i.l"l ~·<1 I ~"l·t:J~i\."'. ell i\. r.Ja· ell'\.5'\.
4)1)1 31:!,'11.-Jlf.'t- qf1islc'11j'll'1'j,
11 ~ 41 j111'1 'j. 311 q-i Ij'1 H 'tjfc'[ I ~II
49
Set of Three
Tutelary Deity and Diika-

311<'1'4'1'1 DakinL
31 <1'1 ~ ~ rl ~ '1 f'flili Ix ~'<1 fa I
1o\''-9'~'~11'l'"151'<1'9,oJl
ifi'lTI q} \:l<'<J nJ ITT'l q} cfR
~- 31j~l<1, 311<'1'4'1 (fQIT ~11]'<11 ~~·oJ<t11
31<1l~~rl'i'iffic/ilx I
Gi fc'llcl. <Ii I ell ~ I ~"I~ >t- 1TI'.!1f 1ITl1'f
The t~ree causes of arising fi'r~ "'i1TI1 I , ,, ,,
delusion- The unconscious
cfR
level of mind, visualization of
objects and improper thought. * cfR
~I
'!l~ q} i1> I ell
~)-
~I.ft~ (<1> I ell
cRJ, 'TU ~
~ariii:;ll'l'9,ll1 ~o\'"'1C:: i,.i·qa,·':)o\'o\"'l'z::J~r:::· Three forms of poetry- Poem,

prose and mixed.
z::ia.·~o\·afr:::i,.i I ~ .,.~.':)o\'o\.,·z::i~r:::·z::ia.· ~o\·
1911'l'"l'9~11! ,&~·~oJll'l'~'~ll]"'l'oJ!
.l:fr:::411 i'~' :)o\'o\41'<:l~r:;·z::ia.·~o\·.l:fr:::41·
-
4111
~ ~
<1C\·~111.,·oJ1 <&~·~·~111.,·oJitll
?fll: 4>"11<11:- ~~<'ic/it!tlll: ~ -
Gi fc'llcl: ifi'lTI:- c,c,1 ~ Ifl c,c,1 ~ 1: c/it!tl-Q:, ~ : "'i1TI1 I ,
c/i tj '('j <101 ~ I:, '3 <:G f&-1 '('j cfi:>l ~ I ~ 'i1 fa I ,
cfR Sli1>1~ <j} <1>"11<1- ~-
cfR SI i1> I~ q} ifiilTI-
c/i !!I Ill, ~ c/i t!t Ill om fcl:iQ-
c,c,1 ~ I'<i c,c,1 ~I, c/i tj fi c,c,1 ~ I om
c/i t!t Ill I
'3 <:G f&-1 fi <101 ~ I I The three degenerations-Dege-
Three-fold delusions- Delusions neration _of moral discipline,
arising from other delusions degeneration of view and
delusions arising from karma~ degeneration of rituals.
and delusions arising from birth.
1'-'l'~151'<1'9,ll\ i;) ojl!,l' iloJ\'~· ~al ll] "'l'<IQ,.
ti:;·11a·~941,~·:-z::i·9,111 .ll'oJ! tll·~oJI
~r:::'(1 t41·~'~5l"]41'</Q,'~C::'~1 ~al"]"'l'
oJf'C\'C\¥11
q·a)~·qa,·~r:::t<t11
~&'tl4~"l~l<11: '[<'i':il'l't_- 1r>:,
~ '<'.~cl:, ~ -s1fcb.fl "'i1TI'r 1 Gi fc'llcl I ijj'(iOII- fltcl I<'1 '4 .-Jl
~<l·'tl 4~1-ll~I q} 31:J.fll~ cfR cji'(>OII, ti41c'l'4.-Jl c/,'(>011,
'l<'[- "T', ~'<'.~cl (fQIT ~ - 31 '1 I<'i '4 .-il c/i '(> o11 "'i1TI'r I
-slfcb.-i"i I cfR Sli1>1~ ~ ijj'(> 011-
The three Roots according to '<itcl I<'i '4 .-Jl c/,'(>011, ti41<'1'4..fl
the Nyingma Tradition- Guru ' c/>'(> 011 om 31'11<'1'4.-il c/i'(i"II I
50
Set of Three
Three-fold compassions- Com- cf>l'1f11<:, 'fl'lf11,:, aiisr1lfc1cf>1-

passion for merely observing f1 l<~il I
sentient beings, compassion for ~ "tl'"R- qfqi"-x'fR w\-x'ITT'
' '
merely observing the doctrine ~ 3!0-x'!R I
and compassion for merely "ll'T
observing the lack of true cf>l<i,11<, in•1t11< ~ 311\r1lfc1cf>1-
existence. "f1'1'< I
ic;·lf~ij'"J~&!\ a5'·o_~,,:&J·111·{3J'!:.J\ o.i· The three essences- Essence of
speech, essence of Dharma and
F"·a.i·r:i·(11·q1 r:i,;\,;·r:i~·cr{11·qi{ll essence of meaning.
OR
?fll': ttl '( I11.lf:- $ !5 "1 '"l f.'! $ 'c ~ cl fll Essence of body, essence of
~. 'i<'S,cf>I c'1 f15\iN "lfll enjoyment (wealth) and essence
™· 3RRJ'lfct fi'r"'101fll 'l'fTcl"'IT of livelihood.
ma-1
~ 'fll'(lef- ~ "Pf tj $'c~cl ""iii'"Jij5l'i'UJij'<>l"1'"1~511 ~QJ'~5J5J'~'
ctt ~ . 'F.J;-"cf>Tc'! tj ti 'i'N DI Ulij'OJ'lj <:illj'UJ')'r.Ji.l.'Ulij'OJ'lj ""j"''
(f1.it>'l 0 1) ctT 'l'fTcl"'IT ~ ~
tj fi'r-'lJUT ctT '11 cl ii I cf> , ii I I ~llj5J'~'Ulij'OJ'lj'l!j\
The three essential practices- .,ft fcl1 -:J q <11t11.i;;-,yffer (ll1i:n)-
Meditation on one's tutelary
~~ C'l 1.g-,
' '
1'l. 3l~'llC:l,i;·'l'l
' ,,
~cil,i;'I
'
deity in this life, meditation on
ma-1
conscious transference at death,
and practicing merging with the -:Jq<11t1 *
~ 3111 (ftrm)-
~ cliT 3M, 3l ~ 'l Ic; 3JlT ~
three bodies of a Buddha in the
intermediate state. ~ cliT 3M I
The three precepts of a one-day
ic;·li-111~111 1 C::llj'~·~c:.·q1 l°oJ·~·~c:.·q1 vow holder- Precept of disci-
pline, precept of conscientious-
\•1 i'~:~c:.·~11 ness and precept of ascetism.
""'-'iii ""1ij'tl'"J'5!J 5J<'5°ij'5Ji.l.·r:itij'tl\ ~5J·~·
',,!5J ~·~c:.·q1 ..fc;oJ'J1·~·~c;:·q1 a.l· r:it~·q1 !!J'-5l'~'<:itij'tli{!l
r:i1:l: ~ c:.·~11 -:1"1 fcl I 3ITTI fi'Hll f.! (~)- c'fe,uJT-
?fll': "tlffi:- cJl<'ffilx:, 1'.14t11>1:, f1 fc1a 'l,' cf> IC'I If1f<1 ci 'l, {i{..~ If1 f<1a
'
3!0t11>1~il~ I mill
51
Set of Three
cft.r <'fel o11 f1 fcl d , <IT

 IC'l If1 fcl d TI21T fi L«l 11 f1 fcl (1 I ~:.~:~-
Three Close Practices- Close ~I
Practice of sign, Close Practice cfR fl 'l I ~ ll i- ~ clf1" 'llifu-
of time and Close Practice of Rl <j) R1 (1 if",[ cm;fr fl 'l Iltl', "'lTll'T-
number. fl cf ~ 1 fl'llfa TI21T <Filfl'f~I
~i;-~il\'11]'1111 '\<IC\'<1%..'C\i'<:J/l,'~ i;·?_.
fl'llltl' I
"lll
C\~if\[ i'iSJ"~'E!/l.'~l;'C,'~il\[ ~l'~'E!/l.' "iflc'la=JUT "Cfci fl l1 M fl 'l Iltl', "iflc'la=JUT
~ ,,:?_ ·"'~il\·~r r
"Cfci m fl 'l Iltl' Tim 31c'la=JUT -crct
m t1'l1!u1
<l!l;'il\l "lll
~--11 t1 I ctf fl'l Iltl', 31 f-1 fflrn-
111~il\·<1;,;111· f "l·<I;,;111·~·~ "·"'~ii\ 1 111~il\· fl'l Iltl' "Cfci 31~fu1f%a-fl'llltl' I
<1;,;111· f"<·.i '\·i~ "'"-~ii\ 1 111~·.i '\' f"l· "lll
c'fl1fill-fl 'l Iltl', >l"lR!-fl 'l I fa ~
i)'\·~·~i;-~il\'~11 ~-fl'llltl' I
<l!l;'il\l Three types of concentration-
Concentration going like a hero,
t i;·r.r~ '\·~·~"·"'~ii\1 111~·111·il '\·01a.·~ i;· concentration like an illusion
and concentration like a vajra.
"'~ii\ r iil\· 01 ·.i '\· 01a.·~ i;·"'~il\·~r r OR
Concentration with sign and
<l!l;'il\l effort, concentration with sign
~ ·F5'·il\·~'\·~-~ i;·r_ .,,_~ii\ r it'\'IIJlll"l'~·~ i;· but without effort and
concentration with neither sign
r_·"'~il\r @a·~i;·r_·"'~il\·~rr nor effort.
OR
-=.;nf: ifl'll\'.lll:- ~~'l'lifl'llfa:, Concentration on emptiness,
'lll114'llfl'llli1:, ci'>ll4'llfl'llm I concentration on signlessness
<IT and concentration on wishless-
"iflc'lel 01 fl llMfl 'l Im, "iflc'leJUTT- ness.
~ . 31c'le-JUlll1Mifl'llfa: OR
'i'I I Concentration on thatness,
<IT luminous concentration and
~)._"11d lfl 'l I fa:, 31 f.1 fflctHi 'l I fa:, causal concentration.
31~fu1f%afl'llltl~ilR'l 1
52
Set of Three
"1 ,._."l'm·IIJ~&IJ "l°''!Z::'"f(:!"f<I! ~· object to be defined by any

other except its own definitive
<i ~'\ '"J.::!"r<i I <:1ii'\ "1"'. ,:i ~ \"J. ::!"J. <1~11 characteristics.
Rif«lEI: ~ : - ~<NIC'l'Rl: 31quf111- 1:1i;z::·{11.1111·'1J~&1\ afz.,·,:i·,:ii;z::·{&1"'! "').
~: . ~ : 31quf111~fa: .
fc1 E'11 'f1 cfi'Rl: 31 qufl 11 ~ fa ~'i'l fa I S'\'<lryz::· f &10, I a;-'\·s:i '\'<Iii z::·{ &10,·ofII
cfR l,lcpl~ <!ft ~ - ~~qlcil cli'r Rif«lEII ultlil- cli;"ilC1eff, 'A{<l,1~1-
~ <liT fc!,4 i'sfR cfR'ft ~,
-qen, 3111111uncien <lfu 1
3l1<: "ff',[3JT cli'r ~ fc!,4 i'sfR
cfR l,I q; I ~ <!ft ult!ffm- cl .-; '11-
cfR'fi" <lfc:! am fc1 E'11 'f1 i'/, cJi'r i:ten, fi{<l,1~1i1en "t'l:m 3111,i1°i'Ji-1en 1
~ <liT i'sfR cfR'ft ~ I
Three types of equanimity-
Three ty.pes of ritual cake Equanimity of feeling, equani-
(torma offering)- Offering to mity of compositional factor
the protectors of directions, and the limitless equanimity
offering to the host of eight evil
spirits and offering to the
distroying of interfering ghosts
<llj'IJ"'"iQ\£ ,,r'IJ~&IJ z.,z::·~ '\·&1af3i·s· c!l ''\'
- -- - -
~Z::'&lai'\' < "'1 ',j 3i'!J' •!i'!ljz;·z; '11
?flj': 'lll'blt'l<ll<';~llnll~:- <'l>r1ci-

<IJ z.,z::·9·&1m"3i'"J~1\:~z;·)·~,:i·<11 z.,z::·9· "jf.'!:, 311th;fq:, ~llx-<11'1~~ 'clfu I
~ll~<lt'l<ll~11l "if> cfR ~llnllll.
&1ai"3i' ~ '\'"J .,."l"i3i.!Ja.·lo,· "l"i3i. ~ '&laf3i.s.
( II cl tf q; )- r1 ci :!PI, 311\!(; fq 1;cf
31 ·5\<1~11 ~ 11 x-t'l I "'1<fl I
The three Acharyas of the
RIF«lt1: 1n,1~i!-l,1Pf:-'f<! Y$1~i!-lcl_ (qfi- ~'IJ'll'i·,"l''IJ'J&I\ ~"l·~rlo,I l "''l;l.<IJ
q; ~ t'1) Eilf- 'f<l:J ~~ -:flfil1 '(ijq1fil1- q~:.
fclH-11 'lit tl'f "<'l>T <'f~ ""f 'ITT'n I 31 'i'l 11 ell Ifi<-1 ::, ell fa ~ ell Ifi<-1 ~ -il fa I
The features of an imputed ~"'f "if> cfR "'(ij'q'- 4 ~ .
phenomena- Being subject to 31 'i'l 11 ell Ifi<-1 1;ci ell fa ~ ell Ifi<-1 I
definition, that which exists Three modes of reasoning-
upon its own exampl~s and that Palqadharma (the first logical
which does not become an mark), Anvayavyapti (the
53
Set of Three
second logical mark, i.e., the cl'R 'l't '"'4 ~ q '1~ c1 f1 R.l cl\
subsequent pervasion) and ~ Mffl<il ·HR.lc/\ ~ \i'm ~
Vyatirekavyapti (the third f1R.lc/\ ~ I
logical mark, i.e., the counter m
pervasion). LJic1{iR.lc/\ ~- ~ ~
~lff Gl" \f'"'ll"-""l"l111 •r ~,:i·q1l_. ry lff Gl I 'ii'm 31 '1 Ic1 kl '1 f1 R.l cl\ ~ I
The three correct reasons-
o.lff "1"<:Ja·ry "11!,l r 11·2- l!,j·qa·ry "l Gl' ~r r Correct reason based on cogent
evidence, correct reason based
"3fll': 311'1-J Ifl ~ d <I :-
31 lfhil g g: .
on conventionality and correct
Fcl~,i;'I ~:. 31f.'ll1agg: ~ I reason based on conviction.
cl'R J.l<bl ~ <5 311'1-J lfl ~ - OR
~ ~ Fcl~<i, ~ ~ Correct reason of the effect,
31f.'l,ia ~ I correct reason of the nature and
The three fallacious reasons- correct reason of non-cognition.
Unestablished reason, contra-
dictory reason and inconclusive 'lffel'Cll'-''i"l'"l'Ql'l''"l'!'("'iel''\S''l'
reason "l"l11[ \~·~,:i-~-~ll]Gl'UJ'-'"ill] ~·i"i'
;91!,l'Cll'-''i"l'"l"lllf "i(Gl'<f· f Ql!,j' ~"11!,l '~- ijQ'i~llJGl'UJ'-'"ill] ~·i\C\<:10,'~ll]'ij<:!'~'
~ llj l!,l f 'l]lljl!,J'CJ1l.'~"1Glf "1"i'iel'CJ1l.' ~"l Gl' UJ,_. "i"l'iifr
~lljl!,l'~ff Rl <Ii fcl-ui :!,fl I~ o I fl 1-<1 <It
"3fll':
'ifdq:- 3li!Jffl<!ll f1R.lc/\ ~ '
"''-""ii '11 l-l ff! <il : f1 R.l cl\ ~:, cl-l cl t; li!-
O,:JGl'~'!f l!,l' ~-~ II]Gl' UJ ". "iII] l-l I~ fft ,l;: f1R.lc/\ ~ I
~-~ <5 31:!,fll~ cl'R \l<bl~
ry II] Gl' UJ". "i II] ilJ'"i!) II] Gl'CJ1l.. ~ II] Gl' UJc;. "ill]'
<5 fll-<1<1>, ~ - 311!1- ~
iifl f1R.lc/\ ~ "1T'l-~ flR1c/\ ~
~ "1T'l cl-l<ltll{-~ {iR.lc/\
?fll': fll-<1 1 ~ d <1:- q «),~ c1flR.l' gg:,
~I
Mffl,i;'l flR.l•gg:, ~ : fiR.1 1 (- The three types of correct
g\),~-tjfa I reasons according to the way
they are established- That
Ljic,J f1 R.l' gg:, x'if'i IqflR.j l gg:, which establishes meaning, that
31 '1 Ic1 kl ·1'l.i R.l 'g \),~i1 fa I which establishes name and that
which establishes only name.
54
Set of Three
i"1&1'UJC:'"i"f"l'<:11<:rS . ·a;&1·'\S·,:r1111111
r111 41·z:r1111111 ~ ·f·°'·~ 1·"~°'·r.i1 "~°'·r.i·
"i(41· f <1&1·~·ij111&1·UJc:·1lll '!Jll]41·r.ia·
<lij"i'<i) ll'':;\41'<1','i!.l~ oj'<i~ll
fjll] 41·UJC: ''\Ill «I 1·i 41 ·~·ij"1 41 'UJC:. "illl' ~1
Ril~EI: 31ff:I 1 1>1:- a-fcl $11·1'\.
<t<>$11·1'\, 31~~4$11'i ~ I
tll"'ll'j,tll~OI Ri!~\!.I: t!Rl•~g_:-
g
cl -l<jol <'1 f p-1:p \!, g
J.I ffl .i, f1 RP \:J,:, cft"'l ll<lil"x * 3ffl4" 3TIWT1f- =a-fc1=>111~.-i.
* tg;- *
311'<1f1RP/l'i),~i1fa I ", cl -l<jol <'1 {i R.I _ ~ . Knowledge of thatness, firm
!.I Ri .i, "1-1.1 <1>_ ~ om 3lT'<1" knowledge and knowledge of
"R.I _ ~I all without exception.
The three kinds of correct
reasons according to the
thesis- Correct reason that is f °'·3i'C:4l'ijllj'<!~c:·,:i•,s1·r.i1 c:· ~"l·1c:·
based on cogent evidence,
correct reason that is based on <I") 'al "i'<>J' ~Ill 41 ·r.i· <1 i llj'<i"s.S'\' r.i· <1~ 41 ·~11
conventionality and correct <f<ii Ril ~ \!.I 'i- q, 4cl.I Icl cf q, 1-J.
reason that is based on convic- ' '
=ctc,l7'-~=1mlq=q-;-.l~=q-;~'j. 1-J I'1 J.11-J IGI~ -
tion.
cl.I Icl clc1-i ~
~a;·1111ai1 ~a·~a;1 cl"-~1) lll'!ic:·~· cft"'l
"ll'<lil"x
~ '3<:4"1
*
I
"if('j'-cpi:\
<1>~'11, ~
~
il>T
~a;1 cmll] 41 ·<1ai1) ~llj 41 ·~-~<>i1 c.,i1· ~ ~<1>-11 om 31gq-;" ~ ™
~°ii) il>T cl.llcld'1 q,~"11 I
Three types of powers-
~: 3111'.11~1:- cnmmR: (!.!R'll-11), Repelling karman, repelling
clTlTT'cll"(': ('.:r~: ), ~- defilements and repelling pride
(~:) ~i)fi'l
cft"'l
3TIEfR
51 <t> I~ * 1
311 \!.11 ~ - cITT<f c(;
(J.1 fi'l 1-1 I), cfT_ c(; 3TIEfR
and heedlessness.
<1,ta;·<1l&1·~ar"i"1'"1'li&IJ ~"i''\C:'~oj'<ia·
('w~) om ~ ci, 3TIEfR J· ,rc:·,:ia·<111°'·<1l411
(~)I
Three types of icon (three types 1,:i·r.i· ~ "'·..i °'. r.ia ·,:i 1/"i.<!l41· ~11
of supports)- Icon for the body Ril ~El· tt Rl <t>, 'l II BI.,\ - 3T$m-
'
(image), icon for speech
~llfc1'j, ~:{l!J.15IOl~llfc1'j, ~ -
(scriptural texts) and icon for
ac<N~ll'f:i ~ 1
the mind (stiipa).
55
Set of Three
cfi"'l ll I ~
tt ~ , ~ II '(-;I- i;[T'('[ m q@T ~ c!f1"
~ (3!~) ~llf-;l, ~:"@- ~5t'nl
q g IoI ~ 11 f-;l ('[W '1ltFlT cfi fc;n:/ Three types of means- Means to
<f<SR ffl cfR ~11 'F'~ I know all sentient beings, means
Three types of perfect scrip- to always contemplate upon the
tural texts (commentaries)- welfare of all sentient beings
The meaningful commentary, and means to swift bliss and
that which dispels suffering and complete enlightenment.
that which stresses on practice. !!91!-J'~41'S~'!41 '%<l41'<1a,q,,i:111,ai1
<l l!-J&l'llf1~.~ 'S~· ~ l!,J' q\<ll!-J'C,IQ,·i::i"l"-1
i::i11!-l\ iQ,'<l'!li!i'<l11!-l\ ~c:.·~a.·s°'·~l!-J-q\<ll!,J'C,IQ,'"1"1"-1 tl!,J·~~-
i::i11!-J'~ll ~· s~.! l!,J' q\<ll!-J'C,IQ,'<l"l;{ll
P.;i f.hi 'l II BI 't § \j,~ II f-;l 'j, TI&;- P.ilf.lEJ" ~ctll~~ti '\lqil'i't-
~ 11 f-;l 'j, fi1 Fcl, Iii I~ II Bi ilfc'I I ~ qqtj'i'i, c/Jl'!i"lllfu-
cfi;f 'll<IJR ~ ~ll'f::1- """g=1~=1=1f-;l=, '
fuci' q qtj 'i '\, f1 <'11<1 <il I~ ~ti
~ I&; ~ 11 f-;l 1fci fi1 fcl, Iii I~ 11 'F~ I
q ci ii .-i ilfcr I
Three types of scripture- Scrip- ~ctl "fl 3l~~d cfi"'l ll<l>I~ ~
ture on logic, scripture on
'II~- fi'iil'u x't ~
grammar and scripture on
qqi:1'1, c/J'(,011 x't ~ qqil'1
medicine.
('[W ~ cl'; ofc'I x't ~
11"1'1'~51"<1'9,ai 1 ~ ai l!,J. "°'·11ail!-J.il'\Fc:.· ~- qciil'1 I
Three types of teachings blessed
~ ~ ·"1 ~&ll!,J'""i'~'~"i';l~'3'<ltl&l''I\ by the mind of Buddha-
~"i·3 ·~,;·i::i1,,·i::i~ ·i::i·ait~·q,;f'l]l!-l'<i"'·sc:.· Blessed by the meditative
stablization of Buddha, blessed
~<l'CJ;{\l by the compassion of Buddha
and blessed by the power of
1341 ll~f<lEl:- {i4f1-('q 1qcflt[q;:,
truth.
~:.
~ I !l~'5lc:.'~'il9'<1'9,ai1 ~°''al!,J ~-,i"l·<,11
cfi"'l 'll<IJR ~ 13 4 1ll 'f1'4t q Ifil 141
,;C:,' 1!,JC,1!,J' !l!-J'~'<! 'I]'<I\ <! l!f'~°'-C,IQ, ·,) 'I]'
'q,T ~ 5t'n, 'RG1 !.11 fil Ic/J i:'111 oI
c!f1" "l Iq 'i I c/J , 'i I ('[W 31 R1 ~ft I I cl c/> ll 1'1'1, "l61lll'1\I faqfct, (fll\\1'11) ~
'
\.16')cf>~lll'1't, •H$1lll'1 ~ I ""~~- >151Rlrn. i:m- \.15101
~ fl 11\11 'lo I "ll"R- .1J.1=1c1~c/>~l1=1~'1, 'ffm '151\.IRlqfffi I
Q6')cf>~lll'1 ~ 'l51lll'1 I The three aims of Mahayana
The three common vehicles- achievement- Greatness of
Vehicle of the Hearer, Vehicle thought, greatness of elimina-
of the Self-Buddha and the ting and greatness of realization.
Greater Vehicle.
illlj'<rllj'!'!lll .,~-'€ll'~'ll"l'<lf ,;_i:_·11c:.11·
!!ii'"1'!'!111 t:!1 5{1 '\~t:.'!!t:.'CJilll'~ll
~ll'~'<l"l'<ll ll"l'(J'f,ii'~ll
?flj': m>rr: (?fll': 'II'~:)- 1:/_cfffi'.'
Jlq'<I~, .iGi~il I .,i'Jfil1 lll'ilf.1- .IJ.llclc/>lll'1'l, Q6')q,-
'
~ ~- '!'ffia, 31q'<1ia 'ffm '.l,,i,';lll'1't, 'l51lll'1 ~ I
~ "ll"R- '>I I cl c/> ll I'1, "!,l=6'),._,q,='.l,~4~ll=1='1
ffil
Three sessions (three types of 'ffm 'l51lll'1 I
sessions for practicing medita- Three vehicles- Hearers' vehicle
tion)- Morning, Afternoon and (Sravakayana), Solitary Reali-
Evening. zers' vehicle (Pratyekayana)
and Bodhisattvas' vehicle
il•i'II'~ll'<rllj'!'!II\ \ii''\~•:;~·il ·l°II\ \ii· (Bodhisattvayana or Mahayana).
i)·Q,~,;_• ~ •q. j II f a; '11'1)11' <J~:il.ill'&!\ I tllJ11'<J'~ll'<r"J'!'!llf ;jCJ·q·,,r'€"111·q1 ~"l·
P.l~I\I: ",ft'~: (~Rl~ctll)- "l'°€"111' <J f '\al "111'(J'"J'°€"111' <J~ll

3l~c1fi~lll:, 3l'i~afi~1ll:, xl'l-
P.l~lll: "IIRl>.11c1:- 311c1x 01!.lRIE11.-1:,
"ll•1fi~111~-c1R1 I
~ Slqilil
3l'1~afi~5 'ffm
"* 'l'R!!"-~'fR6 ;i:r~afi~5,
I
fcl~ll!.lRIE11a:, 311&1~'1!.lRIEili'i~il 1
~ 'lrifITT" "*fcl"tfll-\.1
RI
>.11 cl- 311 cl'< 0I
"!I
!,l RI El Ii'i , RI t1 Ii'1 ~
Three types of doubts- Factual
doubt, non-factual doubt and 311&1~'1-!.lRitlli'i I
evenly balanced doubt. Three types of obstruction-
Obstruction to obscuration,
illlj'iii''li<:r~'!}''l'llj'!'ill\ ol1111·i~·cf1 obstruction to object and
obstruction to visualization,
{t:.'Q'f,ii'tJi {"!ll'<J'iii'~ll
P.I ~\\I· "l 61 ll I'1 \.l Rf q ~'!t~-
'l51Rlrn:, '151\.15101:, >151\.IRl-
q R'a ~tjfa I I
57
Set of Three
ai~,;·~,;·~,;·,ai· "Jlll'"f"J,411 CJO,oJ'tf'11\' The three constant fetters to be

abandoned on the path of
~a.i·afi:r,o,·q I I "-'Cl''11\'~oJ'afi:r,01·i.1 seeing- Speculated false notion
{I\.~·;. '11\. ~,;· af"l "' q.{11 of ego (ii.tman), holding bad
ethics and discipline to be
P.lfcl\'.11: 'tt'"'lcl_-311~111f1A.I<'\. superior, and afflicted doubt.
\.1111'1f1A.ld,, l[4ggf1A.I<'\ i1fi'r I
cfFr '1~ "if> '{-JAH{- m- 1"1''-'111'"1,"1 111·<:1t1''-I 111·1~·i.1 111·<:1~·
'tt Hj q, \.1111 •I f1 A.I <1 W.ff 'l'[ '-'Cli51!J'~ll
~-f1A.l<'\ I
Three types of excellences- '{!.<Ii~:-
P.lfcll'.II ~:.
Excellent thought, excellent ~ : . c;~ll-1~~-tlRI I
action and excellent previous cft.r ~ 'lPI lli 3llocft 1Wf.
cause. ;ficT\ 1WJ Til!:IT c; f1 q"j 1WJ I
The three pure grounds- Eighth
ail-~111·i:r,,ai1 l1i:.·1 ~I l"'ull\·~· ground, ninth ground and tenth
9~ai·&f11 ground.
P.lfcll'.I: ffl: ('(-<l•f<11~-1:)- W':, 11''-'~il'"J'!!alf tll1·i111·i.a.·11'tl\ 1'-'CJa.'

3TW:. "ljtsll~'tlRI I 1~·t11 a.i(,;·"'-~1·~·11''-I
cfFr ~cll<ll~"llli (-!j,•IRllli)-
~cldl, 3lW w.n "ljtsll I cqi:;·,;1
Three types of higher rebirth-
God, Demi-god and human
1i:.·cia.·11·t11 <il1·i 111·t1a.·11·t11 s"-·~·
being. ~<l]·t1a.·11·t1.{11
aili:;·11,:;·;1,;·f"-'"l,"l "'-~"l''l/'':ll\'<llj<lj01' P.I fcll'.I I ~ - \.I fll ~ J?.f.i,T, \.I f1 "i-
J?.f.i,T, 3W'rmJ?.f.i,T i1fi'r I
11:.·1 ~l>J'~oJO,'<lj QJ'~"l"'"'<l]'"'-~I\1 qf
iii'afa.i· 711\ ·ifi:.o,· ill\ ·\11 \.I f1 "i J?.f.i,T, \.I fll fr1 J?.f.i,T, 31 ~ cl 1ft cfi-
J?.f.i,T i1fi'r I
"r
.,ft fil 1 ,. -1 ~ 11-t-l· m"' -11 r.i- qRcfi- cft.r l,I if> I ~ ~ .151~ I q_ \.I fll ~J?.f.i,T.
~ a·Hci'f; 1111!~:. ~ft "1 ii aq-11 l-J ~I:. \.I f1 "i J?.f.i,T Til!:IT 3W'itmJ?.f.i,T I
fcr&l t:c fcl Rl Fc\, ct-1 I i1fi'r I
~ t.'lf-1~11-t-l·111u1-1- 4Rcti~a-
\.I f1 "i J?.f.i,T,
*1 c<1> 1111!~. ~ft&1 ii a q-11 l-l~I Til!:IT
fcr&l t:c fcl Rl Fc\, ct-1 I I
a
31 cl Rl cfi J?.f.i,T I
58
Set of Three
Three types of faith- Convincing Three types of pledges (commit-

faith, pure faith and longing ment)- Commitment of body,
faith. commitment of speech and
OR commitment of mind.
Pure faith, convincing faith and
unflagging faith. ~111'111'!i511 "-~\a;111o.i1 ~·~c:·1 111~·~111·
'\'\'r:ia.·~"l'l11~&1f <l~i\'"I! ti:i''\'"1\ £l·<:i~· qfi
<l~l! Ril Fcl.:1 Fcl"' 'I- c!>Jl,: eh.-:
... a~ 3l"$1A
I I
"'1fu I
c:;nr: 'SI 4: Ifcl 61 'I I:- 'Ii <."11 '1 , "fl<1', ffFf ll ii> I~ et fcli'f- c!>T'l, ~
' '
31 Fc1 ~ c1 <lei "'1fu I cr,m 3l"$1A I
%ITT et clFr Fcl "' 'I- ~ . "fl<1'' Three types of poison- Attach-
om 31 Fcl ~ c1 iEf 1 ment, hatred and ignorance.
Three objects of faith- Truth,
existence and non-deception. ~Ill'!·{d\lll'5'Cla.·"llll"l11~&1f a.illc:·t o.i·f c:·
"'~"'·!·<>1o.i1 ao.i·i\o.i·fc:·"'~"'·!·<>1o.i1
<I\ 'l.5l"l',;l''\"l'"IQ, ll
~
'>Ii\. 'lJC:Ill'9 "1i\ ''>/'f c:.Q,~ '-'!''>!"I. ~l l
Ri!Fclm ... ~'lu1- ~. il>lc11'j,fll~OI -:fl~I il>'lf~I
1341'14>/'ic:ll, 4ic'l4>/'1c:ll "'1fu I ~ <!>"\. 13 q q 'Cl~ c; .-f'lli
ffFf Y<l>l'x et
q •l'I c:11 "fi1'l1Tq- "\. 31 q , q iii ,i ~ c; .-f'I li "\ "'1fu I
4 >i '1 c:l I, 1341/l-4>/'ic:11 ~ ~- <lffi.'f lR 3111'.il~d ffFf "\l<l>l'x et
q,a,c:111 lf- ~ "\, 134 q,a
Three types of excellence- ~c;41ii "\ om 31q,q,ifii-
Excellence of nature, excellence ~ c; 41 ii <1>"11
of means and excellence of Three kinds of action on the
result. basis of time- Action whose
result in experienced in this life,
'\lll'i111·111~&1f ~a.·"ia.i·i'9·"ii::.·1 9'!ii::.· ~· action whose result will be
'\"·19 !ill]"l}J''\"l'i'9· ~ '9'!i"l"3Jl! experienced in the next life and
action whose result will be
Ril FcllCI : fl 11 ,i : (i;r RI $11 )- c/;"l<l- experienced in other subsequent
WJtr:, ql~'fi'ill:, filrnti'ill~-tlRl I lives.
ffFf ll ii> I~ et
fl 'I 'I ("11 fa $11 )-
c/;"l<l-Wltr, ~ - W i t [ izci furn--
Wlt[ I
59
Set of Three
~'l'i&,.IIJ'lill' ai1111 l!IZ:.l!l'*l!I' l!l'CJ~'\' S\'41-1:- 3k1"Id'ISUIT, 3f'll-

lfdTSUIT, ~ ,g~ "11 SUIT "i1'fi'I" I
CJ1QJ'CJ''\"-'I sz:.·~CJ'CJ~'CJI ~·z:.il\·"1111·
cf'A- <IITT'!- 3lcfur <ITTc-1, ~
I:\'\IN' CJ3_·~IN'~· m9 IN' CJ~! J <ITTc-1 Tim cl cl 'l I'1 <ITTc-1 I
Three times- Past, present and
"IZ:.''3il future.
~&Jl!l'~'~9l!l'CJ! l!IZ:.l!l'*l!l'CJ! ~'Z:.i>j'
v
QJ IN'I:\'\IN' CJ' 9 ~&J'&l 1! $111 'C\f,;. CJ' I:\~9 '\. '1/Q,' IN Z:. l!I' $111'~ :)J'!!CJ'
11itct1<1fl111•1111:- 111,~1-1~.
-,;ni-: CJ I &J' ~z:.111·CJQ, ·111z:.111·* 111·(CJ!"i ·s&J 111·CJ·
~ : . f.'lcl\01f<\clfi irfa" I
qf &lll]i>j'¥,.'ll
1J"1fclw'iOl'i, &<1,i;i:1'1, f.'lclfolf<\clfi
"i1'fi'I" I
' " ' if> Ic-1 ?I ll fll '14 ?I ll '{- wqj,'iU .-i; :
~ "ic'1 Ic-1 t Ic-1- lfR-G'f'l <ITT ITT.
~ 31-11'1(1: 14~-t1f211
<nfu-~ <ITT ITT Tim GI if> Ic-1 ($ cf'A- '1;j{'- "ict_cl>_l_c-1 er;
f.'lclfo1-~ <ITT ITT I
'14" t ffi '11.'iU.-i; ' cl cl 'l I'1 <ITTc-1
"llT
er; '14" # ~ 11 cfll '.j f.'l '14" \'1"1!ll
~-Tf4 1't ~ m <ITT ITT. J.JFcl"-1<!>1<'1 er; '14" t'' ~~ll-111!1" I
'.'!,4i;i:1-~ <ITT ITT Tim
Three Buddhas of the three
f.'lclio1-~ <ITT ITT times- Krakucchanda is the past
The three great occasions Buddha, Sakyamuni is the
occurred in Buddha's life- The present Buddha and Maitreya-
day when he tamed the hosts of nath is the future Buddha.
Mara, the day when he attained
enlightenment and the day when ~l!l'"l'CJ~'3i'<llt·111,:;.111·!"'~'ill'~l!l'CJlt·af'3i·
he attained nirv[11;za.
OR 1j'3i'9~11J I:\'\IN'CJQ.' ~IN'&Ji5 '3i' CJ'QJ' &l'
The day when he entered into .i9111·ai:(9111 ·CJQ,' ii)·~ IN''\"-' J &l'~Z:. l!I 'CJQ,'
his mother's womb, the day
when he attained enlightenment ~ l!l'&Ji5 '3i.CJ'QJ' &J' .i9111·&J,'(9111· CJQ, ·ii) ·~ 111 j
and the day when he attained
n1rva,;za. '\' 'Ii' CJQ,' ~l!l'&Ji5 il\' CJ' QJ.&J' .i9111· ai·i9111· CJQ,.
ii) ·~111·~ ·9~orc!l'3i·~11
60
Set of Three
<l>liillEURt11: ~: ~l<l>I: ~~- R;i~EII <ITITT- ,1;,ic;ig1, 'l~C:161,

Eillf:- 3lcfu1"Sc4 ...,n-i, 1•rn R'rna- ~"11C:li,I ~ I
$11'1 c; ~\ "l''l,, 3F1 I' IdS'c4 •-<Hi' I 'l- <ITITT- ""1"-cmIT,
"cfi"'l JI q, I'( "it;
~ R1 t;c1 $11'1 c; ~1'1'[, ~ c'<),<Y"1S'c4"'-<T- fl-GTITT elm >f"11-GTITT 1
fi •I'l ~ ffi gct $11 '1 c; ~l.-i ~ I Three types of couplet (Ritual
<l>l<'f ~ •fP.:! cl "cfi"'l 3l <t ~ I q, songs)- Couplet relating to king,
~~-lcPf- 3IB'ict coTc'l et 3ffi1T couplet relating to minister and
~ 3l ~ R1 g ct "$l"R cnT ,rn;,, couplet relating to public.
"l fcl "'I q, I<'1 ~ 3ffi1T ~ 3l ~ ffi i, ct
"$l"R cnT -c:-$i elm tj cl 'l H coTc'l
et 3ffi1T ~ 31Q ffi g ct "$l"R cnT ~a;· '\111"<:JJ ~<l'<J"~,'i"'\lll"<iitJ1
"i';"$i I
R;i~EI: 4-("Jll!."f:- 3f04,'llci:,
The three unshared qualities of
~ffi<'11"l4,'llci:, ~ I
Buddha concerning the three
times- Unobstructed wisdom "cfi"'l JI q, I '( "it; 4 '( '11 l!."f- 3fci-
concerning the past, unobs- 4, 'l Ici, ~R1<'11"l4,'llci, ~-
tructed wisdom concerning the 4,'llci I
present and unobstructed Three types of ultimate mean-
wisdom concerning the future. ing- Ultimate meaning, ultimate
accomplishment and ultimate
~ ''l~,l\'~ '\'~M<l"IIJ'l,illlJ '\ ~. qq_·~. I.~- ':_I~. <J~.
<1~a;-~'\-~ll ~a;. </"<>I"Ill" .;IIJ~. <J" '\ <:." J ':_\ ~- <J ~-.l:). ~a; "<J"
R;i~EII cfmrr- ig~l<'ict~ <>i"&I" ~<:."<IJ ll.5, ~-111;,;.·t:,,;.IIJ"<i"<>i"IIJ ~~·1·
3l cg ~ I <'1 ct lc@T, 3l c.4 IcJt ct ctlc@T ~ I
"cfi"'l JI q, I'( ifft cfmrr- cg ~ I<'1 .l:l a;. c:,;tl 1
~. 3lcg~1<>1 ellc@T elm -::1"'1~1 ~~~- ~~-
3l c.4 I cJt ct ellc@T I fil~<lli
3ffi'T:, ~~1011'[ $:,
The three thatnesses- Thatness ~ ~fcltcl'1i ~ -
of virtue, thatness of non-virtue ~I
and thatness of unspecified "cfi;f JI q, I'( "it; ifl!~';!,~-
phenomena.
311 c:, <ic\<1> .l!,"fcfUT m q[iilT et
~~·{:i:.'IIJ'l,illlJ $"1'?.i"~'l'\<:.'J la;·?.f\·~ 1 mi1" 3l j;;:!' I cnT <'llT'T, ~-
'\Ill<:.~-\ I:,'<I~~· IIJ~lll'~ll

~ .l!,"fcfUT or m q[iilT et mi1"
• "§"l!f cnT <'llT'T elm en-..rr ~ <1> 1, ~
61
Set of Three
~ ~ <'11
''1 Iq 11 "ff et
mff ~ 3l'4<IT ~c;~·~~·'\c:;·5c;·
~ ~ '41" '1 c/>~11 I
t<J· .:i 11~·'\'"a·"1'\"'i.'\i;;-1 ~ "1. 11· '\i;;· ~ -
Three close contemplations- To
avoid attachm(;_nt towards those w.i.·"1 '\"'i r iE·cr· '\<:;·iE·w.l.·"1 '\"'i -~11
who listen to respectfully, to
avoid hatred towards those who l)~q '1"-S<.'11'tt-1'1_- ~,i,<ll~-
do not listen to respectfully and fffql1i tl 311f11'j, <11f.'::1~~clll:
to avoid both towards those who t1 311f11'j, ~ : 3llwi t1 I
do neither. cfi.J SI ipl ~ if> 'I D,i;<'l-311{11-
~'iSl'll]~illf C!!j<:;'<Ji "1%'Cll t"l·af11
'.!.iJ' ~ ~ et
3!IB1,
<'11 f.'::1 q, fH, cl I"11 ~ ~ fcl lll et
:;ft ~ I •fo1 I f.'!- ~. ,p!l'(. f<1 c; ~tl I 3!IB1 cfl111 ffi ~ m
xe,c/,T
cft.r Sfipl~ if> l'fi:'1-
~
~ . 1r! et 3!IB1 I
<11m 4ffl11 I A ma1;uJala representing three
The three waste products- seats- The seat for Buddha and
Waste of stool, waste of urine Bodhisattvas, the seat for tantric
and waste of sweat. consorts and goddesses, and the
seat for wrathful male and
~·il'\·!·'\r:ii::~..,~111 £i·~~·'".1"'i·~~·'"a· female protectors.
'\Clc;·?S-'\i:;·1 1"'i·~~·'"a·'\<Ji;;·?:f1 1"'i·~~· IIJ~<>l'S'~"1~·~·"1~11l ~"'i.-(~·~-~"l~·~r
'". '\i;;·'i!"'i·'"a·'\Cl<:;·~n ,;c;·!"1·~·~"1 ~- il<!.j I il"l-:i"'i·~-~"1~-~·
.;i~I ~"lcl~lll~I- 3111$11<'1') ~rr
3i I$11 «1141 Pi; ll'1,, 311 $11 «1 I'11-
f.'\; ll 'j. 311 $11 <11 ql f.'\; 111-illl:
cft.r ~1'.1<'1 ~m- 3111$11<1 Fcl4ll"11: !.lfilip~,i,'11-:'llll: ~ -
;JA:, "li51lll1 1 11-:'llll: Bfcl>=4,,.ll~"1=1~~=t1 I
311$11«1141 ~f.'i:ll. 311$11«11'11
l! f.'\; ll <l1m 311 $11 <1141 :, f.'\; ll I cfi.J Sfipl~ if> ~.'tllul1- ~ -
The three stainless mental 'ITT" et Fcl 41.1 ul 1, !.I <'-1 q,~-ffl
faculties- Faculty of all that is et Fcl 4 '-1 "11 cfl111 '1 i; 11.111-'ITT" et
unknown, faculty of all that is Fcl41.1u11 I
known and that which has the Three types of disciples (trai-
faculty of all. nees)- Those belonging to the
Hearer's family, those belon-
ging to the Solitary Realizer's
family and those belonging to
the Greater Vehicles' family.
62
Set of Three
&I ·i'\·31.!i·c.111·11]~&11 ~"l·~... ll]l!;!C..'IQ,'

"l~ii·~51'•r111~11.11 ~c.·11]\iir ~ll]·ll]\3ir
a.i\r afc.o.·~o.·ll]'!;!"'t1/)_·~'\I i'o.·~o.·
""" 'll]\3i r
II] I!;!c.· c:i/)_ ·313i."ll]. iifr
Gif.h:i: 1Jtl":- ~ - 41<11<'1-
'
cl I fft i, 3FfH Icl Ifft i 'E1fu I ~?I'{, d.--::1'{, ~TI: '<I (81~1,1·
TIT-l "!Jqj']x ~ 1Jtl"- ~ - <hlll?llJ)q~tc'{)- ~. <1..-;i'\,
4 Ia I<'1 cl I{11 ol1.!T 3F'1-
'
(evil spirits)- Planets of upper cjj 1111 4 Fcl tc '\ ~s3-4..;.~-~1~~-<1""Rl""' 1)
world, planets of nether world c1FIT q; 1llr l;ffi '3 q ~ 1c cfr-f-
and the planets of intermediate 'f-1. cf"5r ~ '34~~1 (f.'11-1\01cjjl/1
existence. m ,34f<lte 'f-1. ~
Q~'\·i'.111~&1\ c'i)-~ ..·~·'l~'\l[ i'·ol·t1~\ m '3 4Rcc cra=,r ol1.!T ~ tjcjj 111
m ,34f<lcc '34~~1 1)
lr :i3i·~·'l~'\·l~rr Siitra, Tantra and Instruction
instructed by the three bodies
81~1'.I'{ 31'!d'{- $11'11<j_<1'\, 3l'T:!- of Buddha- Siitra was taught by
~'i<1'\, ~ 'E1fu I the Emanation Body, tantra was
TIT-l ll <h Ii! ~ 3PFT- $11'1*141 taught by the Fully Enjoyment
-3flfl, "
31 I':J.*' 41 -3f1f1 ol1.!T Body and instruction was given
~,3flfll by the Truth Body.
Three types of nectar- nectar in
the form of wisdom, nectar in 51~·~11151·~·~1![&1·1![~&1[ ')3i'~.. -~-~ll]O.'
the form of Jong life and nectar "' "'
'\C.'[ ,;.,c.· ~ar~·"'ll]"[ ~11]·i3i'~'~ll]...
in the form of medicine.
arrr
c:i~·<1.!·111~11.11 'If'i"·r air 1f•rtll°'·~.
~?I 4-!Al i!l ll I: ::1"1 fil I •1) ?11 fil I
11]1!;!31\ '
~1c1c/,•n?1'\, ~ ,ii cjj '!4'.< , ?I'\. n
ftrf<lm ~<Jftr:- -w:, 3J"W:, l1i,llll1•n-;i 'E1fu I
11j&l~i1Rl I ~"?l"-4 i! Ali! I tR 3TI'c.ll Rd TIT-l
cfr-f ll<hli! ~ ~·1RI- ~c1a1, l'JT?I'- ~ 1c1 cjj. r1 ?I, ~ ,ii cjj '!4'.< • ?I n
'
3f"W ol1.!T 11j&I I
Three types of happy sentient The three families based on
beings- Gods, demi-gods and siitra tradition- Hearer's
human beings. family, Self-Buddha's family
63
lfR cpl "'1 Set of Three
and Mahayana ( Greater Vehi- summer retreat and the

cle) family. ceremony of lifting restrictions.
<l.~S'\'i'"lGl'"J,111 '\9'!:Ji:l:"IGI''\~·, ti· <1.~"l'"'S"''l'"J,11! a;31 ·31f"'I or~":
'\9 ·Z:Ji:l.·"l"l \ .:i ·"1 ar· Z:Ji:l.·<>1 o.i· u:ia;·~n l:Jfj'l]"l' t.Ji:l.·a.~111·r.1 ~·~".'l:Jfj'l]"l'.sla;·~·
RI ~El ifi't<l>i i/.<1>4- '!i. ~I c01 c/5~, a.~"1' t.Jii11

31ih~lc'1c/5'f,
_, 311f.'151G-llc/5'f ~I
' ~"I a ,i fl. if<lfcllf.r:- 311 c/5 I~ I:, im'r-
"a1"'l ifi 't I i/. "<f>1f - '!j,~ I c'1 'c/5'f,
,4{.,"1 If.'! ~ltf:, ::J1 II fi9 fi {.,'<11 f.'1 {lcJVq I
31 c/5_, ~ I c'1 'c/5'f <'fl1:fT 311 f.'151' "4 'c/5'f I
Three types of actions of
"a1"'l 31 ifi if<lfo Ef't- 311 c/5 I~ I, im'r-
,H {.,c<11 f.'1 {IET cl2IT 3111fi9fi{.,'<11-
compositional factor- Merito-
rious action, demeritorious f."R'ITT I
action and unfluctuating action. Three kinds of unconditioned
phenomena- Space, analytical
<i.~"l''l'"J,111 '\'l~·2J·~"1·2J1 '\'l~·?i'·a.9~·1 cessation and non-analytical
cessation.
'\'l~' ,r:l,'a;' ~11
RI ~m f<l'l"ll":- 'J: rll R 4 .
t "J''l1!_"l'"J,"I i "1' l:J 1!."I'~. i zii· l:J 1!.<>1 J
~ : , <1i"!:UR4~il I a.~r..·Z:Ji:l.· i zii·l:J1!_"1 I 15!:J't,J'"' .IS'\·~· izii·
"a1"'l Y<f;R qj ~ .'t ,i- ';!ffi R 4,
l:J 1!."I '<>i'll
~~~I
Three types of trainee- That of R!~EI I ~:-«or-
c;;:~:'&11,
dull faculty, mediocre faculty f21qR 011,i s=<'IBT. fi«t>l"IS<'IBT 'li/. qj ~=~-
c;;:~:'&11,
f21qRu11>1-c;;:"& c1211 fi«t>l"IS:"& I
<i.~"l'l:Ja'"l~'"l,"I "1org~·1 '\S'':"1a;o.i1
Three types of suffering-
'\"1"1·'\siin Suffering of pain, suffering of
change and pervasive suffering.
R1~1'.i ~.-J,i<1«1,- !WITT:, c1q\c11fl,
11c11,01~il I ~,'{'\'"1~111 Q,~"l'l:Ji:l.·~·f'\1 31 ta;·qi:l_·~·
~ .-J ,i fi:l c if> 31 :1,fl Ii/. "a1"'l II cf> I ii.
<lft" <1«1,1f- !WITT, c1q\c11fl cl2IT f'\I 31 \~i:l.·~·f'\\11
RI fi:l c<t>JJ-
'
Fci '14 fq cc/5'1,
'
Three foundations according to ""ftl=c:=ct,="(. -lf-:1ft1cq; ~
Vinaya-pi!aka- Sailgha's fqc',cp:, ~:.
confe-ssional · ceremony, fq cc/> ~il) I
64
Set of Three
8lli'lccfi- fi1,p-1fi1c<'l\, ~ ~ # '~m- ~ -q,)

TI~ fi?1r1c<'l\ I '1'l-Nil~ I TI~ fi?lr1c<'l\ <i,
Three Baskets of Teachings- 31 'd 'f d 3lR cfR ~ .;r-.en -<I,
Basket of Teachingss of Disci- ~ # '~ 101' ~ -q,)
pline (Vinayapi\aka), Basket of '1'l-Nil~ I' I
Teachings of manifest know- Three types of salutation for
ledge (Abhidhannapi\aka) and identifying the Three Baskets
Basket of Teachings of siitra of Teachings- All texts related
(Siitrapi\aka). to Vinayapi\aka (Monastic
Discipline) begin with the line
i..( '\'lfl~&r!'Q,;""·59·~'fllj~"lf "'~"I"
'Salutation to the Omnicient
cr.,·~"I~· il'\'"I~ "i'<J'a.i·5<>1'Q.'6°"l'ctl "l("i· One', all texts incorporated in
Siitrapi\aka begin with the line
<J""·qoi9 ~· q·qi;_al" ')<l"I' <II~"i' ~.,.~"'. 'J""I" 'Salutation to Buddhas and
S<IJ""-'6"<>1·cr1 al\~ =,·~c_ ~-~~·'\c_·5c_· Bodhisattvas' and all texts
which belong to Abhidharma-
~er·~al~-~01"-·a.i·S<IJ""-'6°"1 'cr.{11 pi\aka begias with the line
'Salutation to the Youthful
111'-'"il MafijusrI.'
y'\"q·<!Jf2f"'·{ "i,01·°'~a.i·cr I §\al' 01·"l"i' !.'~'"1~111! r~1 °'~\<II ~"i.~11
lJ\, { "i"<J'al~ ~ I ~-ct'<!J°i'l!f=,· {"i'<l'al("i· 81,prf:- w\:, "ifiT'l":, 3!~~i)R1 I
qqc_'il =,· ct' cl:i\~11
81 <l' f- wf, cf>T', i;rci 31~ I
Three aims of life- Religion,
81 Ii'! c cfi FI i 81 fct El : '1'it<l>li!:- desire and riches.
Fi1 '11.l fi1 c<l> '"'fll: +l4$111.l', (111'<1'"1~111! ~-~=,-~·(&1'<11 5,:_·ij)al~-~-
~ '"'f'D 'l5!'!J.m-
~ , tr-ifi1c<I, ,f,& <1'1 fu- (&1·011 '!!<1!~'~"(&1·01;{11
~ : "'Jll:' ~ I
11/C.'"il
811i'!ccfi cf> 311,flli! clFf Y<l>R
cf> '1 'i t<l> Ii! (fl ><al f%r d >r.e.r ~~ '"-~"i·~· (al"<JI i"i·cr~9·~· { &l"<JJ
f.l>""fl' fcl c cfi ci, ar .=a , fa 3ITdT t tl"i'011l: ( &1'<1~11
'3fli6 P!Elf-:01 cf> ~)-
11/C.'"il
Fi1 '11.l fi1 cq, "</, 3Fi1 •fd 3lR cfR
~ .;r-.en -<I, ~ # ' ~ -q,) ~-~=,-~· { al·011 cr~&1'<1J'i"i'~'{ &J'<JJ
'1'i-Nili! I', ~ <i, l!lfl·ai~-~-{ &1·01;{11
3FfPfa 3lR cfR ~ .;r-.en -<I,
65
Set of Three
Rittiq,t:- ciR i'l«).$11'1,

"tfcl"'(: , a •·cH-i cl x~ i1 fc'l I 11m f1 cJ Iq-; 1x$11 '1 1
qf Three consolidated topics- The
+1t.1+1c1x:. o:;1l.lc1H-ic1x:. ~- Basic Wisdom, the Path
flcJx~tj I Wisdom and the Omniscient
qf Wisdom.
~ 1fc'l "11an-ic1 x:, f1 'l I~x-i c1 x:,
"·cia·i·111~111 Cl.\'\·a;ll1"1 ~-'lti::.·1 111~·
31'1 I'<i cl x-i cl x~-<1 fc'l I
ciR Sl<lil'< °<t ~ - ~ lfc'l'lll!f- i!:1111''!]1
"ti"crx, ~ <f11:fT '1-=5! c!5T
~ 11t'll -cftftl1 <Ii J'(O II f.1- "xl'T:,
"f1cR I
~. ~ "-<1fi'r1
~ °<t ciR <Ii I'< o1- "xl'T, ~ 11m
f1 €1 f1 cJ x, ,:; Ill i'l>fl cJ x "Qc! ~ : _
3T$1"R I
"f1cR I
Three main causes of becoming
A, ' '
sick- Attachment, hatred and
~ IRi 'tla-lfl i'l x, ignorance.
31'1 l'<i i'lfl cl'< I
Three types of vow- Vows of "i::.'ii)''\'ll"-'"1~111 iQJJ "1111 ~"'<l~lf
individual liberation, Bodhi-
sattva vows and secret mantra
t10-
-cft ftl I 31 l'J.IF'ct '< 'l ~ d q cffiT,
~.~I
vows.
OR 'll .fl '( -<t ~ -<t clR ffi
Vows of a Sangha, vow of alms ~ - cffiT.·~ 11ll11 ~~ I
giver and the vows of a Three inside the body white
physician. substances- Fat, fat in liquid
OR form and bone.
The individual liberation vows,
the meditative stabilization
vows and the uncontaminated "F"'l ~r1111:l.·'\~QJ·"F:r..1 \~''\i!.l'Si::.·~,:i·
vows.
~·'\~QJ'"f".''lil"'.:rll
cii11·~"·9~111 111~-~"l QJo,j'~~I ~5.1·
Rit ~ I!! '{ 3111-ll .=a '< II o,s cl '{
5.l~ ~·ci..i"·.:rn ·-1-jO,\;cl'\, 'I-J'll-j0,Sc1'\,
Rit~"l: fi'lo;s1ef:- cJ«).$11'1'\. lf<lnci--.Ml R1 cf1 'l 0 -s c4 "-<1fi'r I
llf'f- $11 '1'\, f!q\q-; Ix $11'1 "-<1fi'r I ciR SI <Ii I'< °<t 3111-ll .=a '< 11 o ,s cl-
x-i ii R'l 'l o;g c1 , 1-JI I'l u;s c1 11m
q '< 'l I2f .Ml R1 cf1 'l 0 -s C"I I
66
Set of Three
Three types of inner celestial cft".l 1'.f'f-- ~ ~ cl>1' firm

abode (ma1.14ala)- The conven-
tional mandala, the female
*firm * ~ <')If
cl>1' '1TllT er;
ij ~ c/>,'11,
<')If ij ~
genital mandala and the c/>,-11 "<1"m ~ '1Tl!T3TI <l>1'
mar;u;!ala of ultimate bodhicitta. f.'!:~ "$ <OG' i\ ~ c/>,'11 I
~.r:;~·,'\·,.·"f~&lj &l" lci:J"'ll"'\0:"J (l',l"~·ci:i'·
Three types of essential prac-
tices- Taking all appearances as
"1 (l',l"~ ·tlf"1" ~ ""1 ~&l-~11 the (nature of) mind, taking
mind as illusory and taking all
illusions as lacking inherent
3ljl.ll 1 1:, 3lfc'll.ll•l~i1fc'I I existence.
cft".l l,I q, I, et 31 l'Rl "d, ~ -
~.,.,,'~ ' • t==:,,. ....
•H,ll.ll•I, 3ljlfl 11 1;!cf 3lrnl.l1 11 I "l~~-a..~,;·&1~,;·5~·q·"l~51 l 5l"l"iCj'~&l~'
Three types of inner tantra
~-"1~~-a,~"'l "1"-1"~""1~~-a,~,;l ii"J·
(According to the Nyingmapa
tradition:)- Higher cohesive ~~-~-"1~~-a,~,;·(11
tantra (Mahayoga), Highest
cohesive tantra (Anuyoga) and "'.il<J: f.'11oqR 0 11<1i:-
~:
Higher than the highest m ' RlrnqR01111:, 1111fqR01111:,
cohesive tantra (Atiyoga). $1HqRu111-1~-<1fc'l 1
cft".l f.'I to q RO 11 <1- ~ ctr
~i::·~·51,;,;·"f~&1J <11 ~"1 ~~-ci~II ~ firm "c/>T q Ru 1111. 'fllf "c/>T
:ii~ 'l l'Rl "d, 'l~lYl:r
:!I"\
- Iii ,i '1,' ~ nfu I<1 Ii, ~
qRu1111 "<1"m "1T'1 "c/>T qRu11111
;,,ft~ ~-<1 fc'I I Three types of perfect trans-
:tl ~"1, et 31 ~ , et cft".l ~ formation- Attainment of
~- l!T"fl, ",("c@" "<1"m ;,,ft~ I cessation as the transformation
Three sweet substances inside of mind, the transformation of
the body- Flesh, blood and paths and the transformation of
bone. wisdom.
"f~'\'"f~&lf '!jC:"CJ"~&l~"~"ijCl"CI\ ~&l~-~-

"-1"-'ijCj' ci I l&1·,;i::.CJ~~.3.l '\' ci,;·ijCj' ci~11 <11~~·ci1 a.~"1~·3,)'\"~·"1·"1~~-cir "1~-
P.,i f.'I 1c1· Ri CT1 '1 >ti q Ic. '1 '1

1'.f'f- "1"1'fl0:'i ~- ~-"1~~-q· ~&l~'~l I
'
~ : , Ii I<1 <11 fi q Ic. '1 'j '""Ri'"'rn~'j. P.,i f.'11c1 I: 'fl'.Tf<m:- "1 <1 c/'11<1 :, 3Pl<!-
'1TllT f . ' ! : ~ mi'[ I fi'I Rc! Iffi 4, 11g1fc1g1,tcJlff1'1: mi'! I
67
Set of Three
cfR 11<1>1il ~ - ~ac1.-n11. ~&1·:i,;.·~,;.·:i • '11'\~&lf "l~t;'Q''\I;'I:\ "',''J'

31'111171 Rcl I*11 ~ •11, IFc161' e1 I*11 I
El·aii;"'·,:i<11·~ai·<1._.~._,,:ia, {· {,; 'J'~'\ I
Three schools of Sthavira-viida-
Jetavaniya, AbhyagirivasI and ~ ,Q"'ol <\,<18., :1,;,<I' ~· r.tl, a;"l <II' 'J''f, Qr.tl'
MahaviharavasI.
11'\~'\'ijl &lei'~&f'l'll'\~&lf ~, ~c:: ~ ,a;,r.tl <II'§,;.
,:i8.·i:ri~\~ai<11·'\i;·1 ~"l·~"l' ~· a; 'r.ti<II'§,;
..... ...,.
~i<l<ll'il'j'"j..... 'QI:\" ~ -
~"',''J'e;'\' <ii:\ 11
-::tl fil I fcl"1:ltlfl!:i I , I fil I- , .J.:-~ c:11-
,:i3,·"l~'\'~&l<II ! ~°','/:\~°','~',!;'r.tl <II'§I;' fcrcrra-i &Ix '1,' 31 f.'1 111 rn ru '11 a-l &Ix '1,'
,:i3.·i:ri~'\'~&1<11'~ ·i:ri~ai·o:ia:,·~11 31..-n~fu-m1t-.0f%~afc1ee.-,i"'~~· i1fc'r I
cfR fcl"l:lti:r GR- ~t'-lalf<1'1la-l1.R,
f!:I Fcl\\11: i:2l Iq 1<·; 1:- El Q;,i f.'1 a 31f.'1111 rn ru '1la-J1,R \'f\l.11 31>ffill-
ClllYI<;:, ~t.!J\;,if.'1a: ClllYI<;:, f% a fc1 '11 a-l1.R I
13q.-i16;,if.'1a: c.ll1q1c;~-t1fc'l 1 Three doors of liberation-
cfR 11 <1> 1il ~ i:2l Iq i,:; El Q;,i f.'1 a Liberation through emptiness,
ell Iq I c;, ~ <SQ j "1 f.'1 a ell Iq Ic; \'f\l.11 liberation through signlessness
13q'il6\JJf.'1a c.ll1q1c; I and liberation through wishless-
Three types of malicious ness.
thoughts- Being born from
~&I''<"'~ <ll''l'~&f '<'11'\~&lj ~"l ' JQ,,ai<E'a:,,
antipathy, envy and spite.
~ '\ l r.t1<11·~·ai<E'a:,·~1 I ~"l<11·~·ai<E'a:,·~1·
~al':i;i;.·rll'\''l'~&l''l'll'\~&lf i <II'~·:;a:,·<18.{"l'
~
Qil<II' <1111
<II ?.<11·<1"{"1''-ll 'll<li'!<11·~·(i:ri·<1i{II
f!:I fcl 1\11 fcl c-<l 'i I- 31 jx41, o1-
f!:I fclq fcl $11 '1 'I- '
~ a fin c'lfilUTl'-f,
l '
eh If c'1 ~ . -;,i""'1fc'l., . _.c'I a-JUi i1fc'r I
fc1 eh c«i 'i 1, fifc'l,01fc1eh"'1'il, *16"1-
cfR "\l"<l>T'{ ~ fcl $11 'i- ~ -
ru eh c«1 'i I i1fc'r I "c'llffUI \'f\l.11 q;.:\-c'[lffU[, ""1Tfi'r-
cfR "\l"<l>T'{ ~ fcl c-<l- 31 jx41, oI
"c'llffUI I
fc1 eh c«1 'i I, fi fc'I , oI fc1 i!i c«1 'i I \'f\l.11
Three types of consciousness-
f16"1 fc1 i!ic«i'i I I
Characteristed by entrance,
Three types of conceptualiza-
characteristed by action and
tions- Conceptualization of the
characteristed by family.
recollection, conceptualization
of definite ascertainment and ~a.i·ll'\~&1''\"l'"a·,i·ll'\~&1f ait,;. ,:i·'\,;. l
spontaneously arisen conceptu-
alization 'E<11'<1 I if"l<ll''J'r.ti <11'51r.t1·,:i8.·,,i~11
68
Set of Three
Gi <lit re '{!.<& 1J i fl >t- · ~ ~ ftj gj '1- ~ 31 l"JJ I'fl- ~ 3WIIB, ~

'l i,i 'l, , "'<'1
:!,
ftj 0oli 'l ifl 'l' , ~ 1c/> 1ftj 5"1'1- 3WIIB nm \:l q ga 3WIIB 1
lfffi 'cl I Three appearances- Pure appea-
~ qR~Rl,ff ~ ~~a ~ rance, impure appearance and
11Tff- ~ ,si -'1, ~ nm fl ~ g x't degenerated appearance.
®llml
{ 1'i'!oli'"l'!J51! ~· C!'3J' lll'i'\'i\ri· !JC!' 'I;''
Pure meat being free from three
conditions- Being free from ~1 cl:i'\'"<'3J''l.~°'j'i\"1C!~'~"<''l;''~l ~°'i'
seeing, hearing and doubt
51- r:: ~''\C::''l.;:ir~·' -
~ 1·~111· il<li' 'l;''~Cl. J1
'V'
~"l'O\S"-'i'\'"l'!J511 ~;'\1 'lf1'\ ;'\1 a;

'>I I uFtfll ?Im GT'fl:- ~
iSl(!°'j'~' ;'\''ill q RI a" ''l I"1 '1fl 'l ., \:l q f.'1<>1t"1Tft'r,
~ fu&r ., t11,11RI,
,it 11<1.-.:1 fll ?Im 'lfc:1:- 'f"1 <1 "51 'l
cl.11 {.,ell 11 <'1 "51 'l, 31 jcb <'I a .--d -v;P'f I ,, ftj 'I I <I'd q I ~ fl 'l fik1 tc. Ri ct1 '1
' ~
-,it-,r ~ <Jt ~ 1R- yr 'ff";!, fl'l~a~ilRI I

cl.11{.,cll/1-'ff";I nm 31jcb~<'I 'ff";! I '>llut-i <Jt ~ l.lif>I~ <Jt c;Tlf-
~ qp,;[ <tt ~ !,I cj tj '1 cliTc'! if
Three types of yoga-tantra-
Basic Yoga-tantra, Yoga-tantra UlFl ., tan, m qp,;[ ctt "iTfi1'
to be preached and Accordant !.I c1 ti '1 <ITT m ~ 'Jfr fl 1-1.l c/>'
Yoga-tantra. 31~ cf)1' mxur ., if>, '11 nm
ftj 4 I<I'd 1ITT' <tJ "iTfi1' CfC'l ~ I'i 11
'+W!'i1 ~ ~ ~I
r:::irr~·~"'."'S"'l cl:i'\ ~· ~"'-"-S"' ~11 The three faults of a receptacle-
One who at the time of a
fllfc'lq: 'llT'T:- cblr'.lc/><1'1•1:, c11Rlcb- sermon does not pay attention to
<TI1T:, 'll'1fli1~'1~ilRI I it, like a pot which is turned
~ l,I if> I~ <Jt 'llT'T- if> Ir'.1 c/> m-T, down; on hearing it if one does
c1 1Ri c/> m,r nm 'l I'1 ·H-m-T 1 not get at the right meaning, like
Three types of yoga- Yoga of a pot which leaks; and being
body, yoga of speech and yoga endowed with deluded mind,
of mind. like a poisonous pot.
1r:::'t1'11J'!J51l '\11J'J.Jcl.·1r:::·t11 51·1111·J,Jcl.' 1r:::· ti~i:ri1&1~~ll'<l'IIJ'!JiSII Cl'\'!)'~.,,.· Cl~Cl'
"ll ~51~·:ft·1r:::·tiit11 eliSl~''\C::'J lll"l°'i'~'"l'C!~C!'eliSl~J 111~~·

~: 3ll'JJl'fll:- ~ : , 31'Q<l,1- '1]'iSI' cl)oli ·Cl'"<·Cl~Cl' ii iSI~ ·<1it11
iiru:, '3Y6<11''ilfl~ilRI I
69
Set of Three
31~"'11- ~' fcl 4~la:! ~ . "ITT'll'a:! !.1 'i I01

~'~ i3 q 15 rl (fcl '(i ,tt ) "I "ITT'il, fcl; Rl rl,
"'Afi, I fcl4,laf B 3lj'il'1 !.1'1101 ~ '3415rl
cft.l SI <Ii I ~ ~ 31 ~E.111 'l. - 311 <"\) ll "' "ITT'1l om ~ ii 3J1lT'l
3lfi'lurr, q,<611.1 3lfi'lurr nm !.I '1101 <l ijq 15rl "I "ITT'il I
'3'l'fll'- ell fc'l R c1t1 3lfi'lurr I The threefold analysis- To
Threefold covetousnesses- As to analyze by bare perception, to
what is one:s own, what analyze by valid inferential
belongs to others and what does cognition and to analyze by
not belong to either. scriptural authority.
OR
Obvious things are not
contradicted by valid bare
i.Ill"'\I.I"]'i!l\5311l''\!:!'\'t/ l perception, slightly obscure
'\!:l'\'l.lq!I things are not contradicted by
valid inference based on the
<11•::"11 force of evidence and extremely
obscure things are not contra-
53"(C: 'Q'53('\"~ '-,'Ill' 53( i\' ~53·iE°'\'53"l'"]~'\'
dicted by valid inference based
t/'&l'\'l.l\ ~C:'~'\'ij"]'~'-,''ll"l, "l''\l.l"]'iE°'\' on scriptural authority.
53 l!l'"1~'\'t/'&l '\'I.I\ ~i\'1' iji.i·~".Ill'';!C:. {C:'Q'~lf"]~51l <QC:''\"]'t/'-,'(c:·EJt ~'-,'&I'

iE°'\,53lll' "1~'\'I.I' &l '\, r.ia:11 ~i.i· t/'-,' { c:· Ql ii:fC: Ill'~-{ C:' Qqll
~ i:11 ~ o i P.I ~"P{- "ITT'll'a-1 !.1 '11 0'1 '1 P.l~Ej "\l'i,101'1- f1R1il'!.ll$101/i,
fcltji.01,i, 3l.-f'11'1!,1'11"1'1 fcli:11,01,i, 3l!.lfc'lfclf.'l<'lcti!.li5101't, 4R,lll'l~i:I I
' -b
31~1~,1~,i~!,1,i~1"'0'1~'1 fcli:li.oi "'Afi, I
'
cft.l SI <Ii I~ q} Y"i,lUT- f1 hQ et,
q[ !.115101, 31!.lfc'lfclf.ic!ctl !.115101 ~
A
l'1 '
q"!ff G~ j--' ' ci,,-'
'i "ITT'll'a-1 !.I '11 °1'1 = :,
'11 q15a qR,1.11•1 I
c15ff.i~i:1 Gq{lar 31 j'11'1 !.I '11 "1 '1 Three types of perfect abandon-
'
'11q15a:, p,,p,, '·• 311'1'1!.1'11"1'1
3lrn1<1q,1&1 ' ment ( exclusive to Buddhas )-
'11 q 15rl ~t1 fc'l I
Excellent abandonment, irrever-
cft.l y ~ q} lffrlffOT- "ITT'll'!ff sible abandonment and
complete abandonment.
!.1'1101 ~ fcltj" c/5,'11, 3lj'il'1
!.I '11 o1 ~ fcl i:I i. c/J , '11 om 3J1lT'l {C:'<lQ.'!"'<:f"l,5lf "IC:l!l'~'~l!l't/\ '\C:'~'
!.1'1101 ~ fcli:I" c/5,'11 I
<11 &l'<>li\'l.l\ "l~i\'<l'l'\"l.lq[l
70
Set of Three
~= 11 :- qR$11·F\. 3R/Er- \<l a;·~9~·<Jt:1.'

illtFF\. >lfi'rcr~ I
cft;J 1ItlT ~- q R$11'1, 3R/Er- ~9~'"i"'l "l'\'3JQ.'~9~l '(ta.·~9~·~.
il IfFl (fl1.lT ~ ffi qa-r cITT ~ I 9~oi·.:fll
The three applications of aban-
t111fa~~ :;flfil1 11)"11fil1-
donment- Thorough apprehen-
sion, not undertaking volun- al!1111,11n?1:, qa;i•il?i:, cl,,11r1?1~i1 I
tarily and gaining the antidotes. "tlm-cF,1 -et 'd'J-.y l'JT?!'-
I' Ia • n?I • q au ,n
a',>.l~a-m'= ' ?I al1.TT ,i;,11 n
' ?I 1
j~·'\5·z:i-~arcr111,111 ~9~·i1 af111~·i1 Three families of Performance
~a;·ii{ll Tantra- The Tathiigata family,
the Lotus family and the Vajra
'tfl'fl•- I~ , 't fl I'11.-ll llt?i- t"'·i111,111 <Jfi:ia.·~,,r~1 s·<Ja:~,,r~1
fl 11-J 1"'-1, TflJT-fl 11-J I"'-I al1.TT 3!2T- oil9·~'!j<>l'~i{ll
f1 I'1 I"'-I I
The three classes of generality- ~= f.'111fo1<1>1111:- ~lc"'.if.11-J\01-
Categorical generality, collec- ~: vJ..Yf.11-J\Oli:fill1'. ,jct'jl-j-
' '
tive generality and generality of f.11-J\Oli:fill1~tj I
meaning. cft;J f.'I 'l f uI 111 ~ Ic"'.1 f.11-1\ oIcti 111,
vj "'I f.11-1 IOI<!> 111 (fl1.lT \j ct1 1-j f.11-1 IOI-
,~·11l"i·,a;·111,111 ~a;'li'~·~·11l"i·~a;1 ~ I
~z::.~·t~·~·11l"i·~a;1 ij "1'"l' ia;·cid.· Three emanation bodies of a

Buddha- Artisan emanation
lli\~"i-~ll body, miscellaneous emanation
body and supreme emanation
P.ilf<lt11: fll'll"lltq._41:- 3!~<'«14:, body.
~ c'i1 cti ~4 fttG:,
'1i51111<fll1~4~'<1ffi I i"''"'"'"1,llJ 9;!"1~rUi.9;!9~·<>r<J 'I/'
cft;J SI I~ <6 ~fl..l'l~l"ll= 'tq._Q-
CJQ.' ~oi·~"' l 9;!9~'~"i'9;!9~'<>1''l'l/'CJQ.'
~ cl>[ ~ . ~c'ilcti~,S cl>[ ~
(fl1.lT '1 !51111 '1"I cITT ~ I ~3J'~"' l e.9'"l'I.'~3J'~"''"' ll
~ ~
Three kinds of general stiipas-

Stiipa of the Sriivaka, stiipa of P.ilf<lt11: f.'111fo1111•1f:- '""1T
the Self-Buddha and the stiipa '&Ylflll q~11ffi· ~ fcr.itlff"(.
of MahiiyiinI. ·~ '&Ylflll q~,iffi· ~
fcr.itlff"(. Wi fcrn&1' ilfu I
71
Set of Three
' ,,
"fi1l <ITT <
{!l '1 ctt fc15.Fcru ~~I
(~ l-11°1'1 I' f), 3ffiqJ° "fi1l <ITT {!l'1 < cfr-l fi4<1-
'
x'q"f~ ~.
'
1Rm
ctT fc15.fcru (~l-lfo1'11•f), 11:m ~~~~I
'3.'<;xt11-fc15.fcru (~l-lf 01'11'f) I Three excellent accomplish-
Three paths of manifestation- ments- Accomplishment of
Emanation of the embodied ones own goal, accomplishment
looking at a form, emanation of of others' goal and accomplish-
the formless looking at a form ment of the means for achieving
and emanation of beautiful both goals.
form.
5111·!·"1,.sir "1~a·5"1· *I QJ~·~·5"1· *I
'4'<>l~l'l1:1·1:1a·111(1'"1'!ji51f llC!1 af'1 ';\~·
a.s~·~a.·5"1·*~11
<1~11
~fcltll 'l>Sl'j,"l:'T- q~'i~l'jl<I,
f'i«1: \l I '{l I -c;m: il>l "I I:- 414 'j, l-ll'fl-1,slji::I, CJ,61'1t!lji::I ~ I
l-1 wl I, 3ffe4!1 ~-.'1 R'I I cfr-l ll if> I~ ~ 'l >S 1'j, ~T- cffij-
f4crr ~ "!lT'{l' cft.l ffi- cfr"<l, 'i to Iji:; I, 'i I' f 'i g Iji:: I 11:m l:fic'l-
l-1 wl I 11:m 3lfu.r I 'i 61 ji:; 1I
Three treasures obtained from The three types of Mahiimudrii-
father- Regenerative fluid, Foundational Mahamudra,
marrow and bone. Mahamudra of Path and Maha-
mudra of Result.
~,_·.r-111,.sir 5"1·a..:E'"l·C!a·::ic:·crr <li1"1 ~·
aa.·1"1:r..·111,.sir ~·"'I ~I "':r..·..:'11
r.ia:::ic:·cr1 C!fC!a·::ic:·rf,{11
-c;m: ~~a<116]q~1m:- ~ . ~ .
-c;m: 't '\cl I:- '1 'i «b Ix«tHC:[: , Jl'fu'-
'[<f ~ I
<~ I'11 «b "€!:, qR011'1'1l«b.£Wcl I
cfr-l m ,m;r lfGT~ - ~. ~
cft.l 't '£.f '1 l-1 % Ix%"€!, ll'fu'- 11m cft I
<~ 1'11 % "€! 11m qRu11'1'1I%"€! I
The three external white
Three aggregates- Aggregate of substances- Milk, curd and
prostration, aggregate of confe- butter.
ssion and aggregate of rejoicing.
~"i''!j.51'l'111~·1:1·111,.si1 :r..c:·\"i. ::l"i. ~ol' aa·.siz:;:r..·111,1111 ' 1'"11 ~':C.."ll sf'
~"1~·r.i1 "1"1"i\"i·::i"i·~"'·~"1~ r.i1 \"1 i~11 (olC::C..'"1~"''<.IJC:'al:C..I)
"1 ~ ~- ~CJ' <1<1;::l"i. ~ol'~"1 ~. <1~11
72
Set of Three
:ni illtU'lq,'1_- "'F:, ll'cJ, 'llT

~I ~ 3ffeRTI,:r, 31 cl ,,i'1 f<I, c1 ~cl, TI:!fT
cft.r "ifTtU ~ ~ - ¥, 1l'cJ
TI211 ~ I Three noble persons- Buddha
The three external sweet Sakyamuni, Buddha Bhai~ajya-
substances- Molasses, honey guru and Buddha Amitabha.
and sugar. OR
v
Buddha Amitabhah, Avaloki-
~111· ~111'<1'11]"11111 <1ii"3i. !;J' '\c;' l "l "1 "]"I'!1' teswarah and Mahasthama-
V v prapta.
'\c;'l ~"l'S"- ll
j\'9r.'ll'
'..!,-,
~-
...
i',dld'~~T"'-1'1,
~ '
=ficr{j;=ti='1,'\-~~=(\="'-1m't, 1:Rt&i ~ ~.-zj ~ I "1"1 "I' <11 "l'f c;· '\ c;·c. ~'\·e111 "!' ii'\' ~i:l,· ~ 111·
cft.r Mif> I, ,t i\W'll'- 6 d I <1
~ . fi ~"i!'1 ~ TI:!fT 1:Rt&1 ("I'~- 'I/'" l ~j' ~111 "I·ii'\'"l ~c;"I' 1!,"] "I' '\c;.
~I "l '\111"1 '!:; "l ';i -~".'<I \ l "I '~i!,l "I' ii\"l'i\
Threefold slander (divisive
talks)- Severe slander, prejui- 111·<1i "I' f c;·r.i,;·'l/'c.i{n
dicial slander and clandestine
slander.
m~ f.:lf4m .,, q.:ft<1<11-
Rl '11'1 c1 a
'
c;
Q.'4llj~'<I'~lll'll]"llllf "I "I' !"I'~ :11''.!<l'CJ' '\ c;· 1 ,i 4f1 rl c1i <1> 1'1111, ""Rl""wcL\~~-s-'1-c1a-'
c; ~f '1 '1, "'f1ci4"'~1-a,&;'""1'1""1""'1 tt 1-i 0 ~'1""11 q
"It; "I' !"I' t!<li' l'\l:;'f '\''\<l"l'
"It; "I' !"I';{ '
""'<"'~1=c1=a 'cl c;~\'111, ~
'
' ' '

aJ\'ill 3ll~~t'l1<1<1, ~ ~ I
3lT1f qfJ cft.r Mif>" qfJ
<11!:;''lil ~ft
•114'1 <1<11
~~
'<1'11 1'flvf'1-<flcj,l
,,.
"-1\111· '\Sc; "I\ g<1i·""I'"l'si"l "11 111!!· i 3i· "c/>1"fcl '11 '1 "ff211 "ffi'q- c1l $1 "c/>1"
Rlw~-s1 <fi ~
<{sl'-11, ~ .'f
V v
e <l'<lil"l'"l ll ~ "c/>1" ~-"1""51" <1T '3 q <~I
qi ~ .'f <{sJ '11 TI:!fT ~ tfliT
:ni m 11~:- ~~11cfll:if.'1:.
"c/>1" ~ c!>Tc'I xt ~ ~ qi ~
~ : , ~: 3lfli<11"l~-t1fa I
qf
.'f <{sl'-11 I
Three secrets of a noble person
~: 3ffeRTI,:r:. 31 et c'll F<l,a ~et,:.
(Arya)- Viewing the environ-
'1i51"'11'1Mll{'f~'t)fa I
ment as a divine abode and all
cft.r 3lT1f 1.!~- ~ ~llcflljr1, sentient beings as divine
~ 'ii~"ll'J" Tim~ 3ffeRTI,:r1
73
Set of Three
manifesations, taking all sounds c/i I r'.icli cl lfl'i I.

as being mantra or Teachings of cl Ifl 'i I TI'2.TT .,., f&-1 c/i
the Buddha and viewing all cllfl'il I
phenomena as being empty of Three latencies (the three
true existence from the begin- karmic imprints)- Latencies of
ningless time. body, latencies of speech and
latencies of mind.
<1.~"l''lf"-'~ilf<l'"]'JSIJ l S]cl.'(i;·a.(si~·
q1l_·a.~~·'1f"'1 >;<; ·'!Ja;~·<:i~f·<:11l.·a.~~- <:i>;'a;1'9"l1511 ~-.:-~,<:i~\~·<:1,;·a;11 "-§!;'
<:i'';j~'~'IJ~'~·<:1,;· a;l 1 <IJ~!;'<:i'~ ,;·?,.
"-F"'1 1S]-~~-t~·a;~·<:1\<:1,;· j\CJcl.·
~a;· ~·<:1,;·a;1·\11
a.~~'"-F"' 1
Fcl&11:- ill(Ufi'IDI '11,Rl&J:,
,r&:
fll fcl El I: '::li,ii ll :- ~1{1'11
~ c/i 111 fc1 re,i l{1 fc1 E'i , 'Jltl fi qoI
5.•ft11d4> Mf.&:. ~
fl'11~fc1E'i~-f1fa I
,&11 M f.&:. ~ f0i «II
<ji'.!l Rh, 1, M f.& ~ '<1 fa I
dFl' Fcl &I- <!T(U "fi"C[ ii "'ITT" q\T
dFl' g<f)R ~ '::lif.i::- ~311 cl, rt&J", ~ cM 3ITT ii ~ "cli'I"
3l ~I 1'f1 ~ q\T f<t&J" ~ 'JlU
~ q,:- ~ m'<f ~ cM
"fi"Cf ii fl '11 f?1° cl\T rt&J" I
Mf.a. 3N-'i ~ cM ~ ,an Three interruptions (obstacles)-
cM Mf.& ~ ~ q,:- fc101 ll Extemally, the obstacle caused
~ll{ic/i, w.,r ii fclgi,: ~ cM by miira, obstacle to the body
Mf.a I that gets imbalanced due to the
The three series of magical elements and the secret obstacle
circle- Magical circle to lay to concentration.
siege to an enemy's fort,
magical circle intended to ~1·11·l<l"ll]'!JSIJ 5l'S]~·a;~ ~\CJ'1!;'j IS'
defend one's own place and the
magical circle of victory for SJ<>l'<:i~ '1J ~·'JI l SJ<>l'<f<:1·ci· ~ ''IJ~151·.f11
enjoying happiness after f.'! &I> I fl 'i 't, "RfJf: • ffi f.i:: ~ ii -
conquenng over an enemy. '01',.<;)um: PI 'ii> Ifl 'i '1, Vcll'i-
<19·a;9~·91si1 ';l~l !;<IJ cll1·<1J~S1:~· ~ 3FJmcifcr. tcf.r;)um
~1fra~t1fa I
<:i<IJ·a;9~1 f.'! &I> I fl 'i • "RfJf Tim ffi f.i::
fITTr: Ifl 'i c/i ' 'i I, ~
cllRii!icllfl'il, 'ilfinilicllfl'il 'cl I

cM '*"fr q\T 3lj' I 'i'i i!i,'il ~
~ cM '*"fr m'<f c/i, 'i I I
74
Set of Three
The expulsion, finding and

attainment (according to the S'i'\·~·~111~·111~111 ~ 'CJ~"i-~ z:ii~·<ill:
principle:)- Expulsion from the ~111~1 qi)f'l.·~111~1 ~ll'l.·~z:ii~·~11
rank of worldly people, finding
the rank of dogs and attaining fs), 11 Id .-:I 'fl1 • 1) ·:f,r 11 '1_- TI:m>TH-
the rank of a god. l'TR:, qe;i•r'l-51:, ci,,111~?1~i:IR1 I
fs), 11 Id .-:I ~ ~ 1])-.,r-
i!l·G~-~"'"l~"'I ci·~5,·.:l,:.·11~~-~ "f"I ci· ~,......,'= qe,i,n-51
<1~1•1cii11?1. ' 01ix 0.,.... ci\Jl•n?11
'
ij~·~c:·~·qp; I 1:i·~~-'\"l'-·~-~'-'J·CJ,,~· Three families of action-tantra-
The Tathagata family, the lotus
~II family and the vajra family.
GIRIEi ~<1,"lf~- '15\"1~: ~ s· i'i·~·'\"l"'"J~ll, .:i ·~z:i ·s c:·CJa.·'\CJc:·'\ c:· 1
4~na'i,_4'j. wm: ~ ~-
~ . x_r:r: ~ ~~H~'i,_,:j 'cl I ~l'l.-'\CJC:"1 ~\<i,y~·'\CJC:"~11
~ "!l<ffi ~ ~<1,"lf- ~ ~ fs), 11 Id .-:I 'fl1 -;;nJ: 31 ~ ~ I:-
<l>T >i"1 ~. ~ ~ <l>T Tim wm Ll'4'11"1llff 3lfi!rq-q,: ~ : . .
ffl ~ <!>T x_r1" c!i""ITT iJlTHT ! I
~
'.!'!?,c I~~ i:f> ~'cl fr1 I

Three descriptions of lapis fi),111-d.-:ll'j,tllil ~ 31~~<1>-
lazuli- The yellow lapis-lazuli,
9,'4'11"11 ~ . '1fc'I-~
called Maiijari, the green lapis-
Tim ~-3lfi!rq-q, I
lazuli called Sugata and the
white lapis-lazuli called the Three empowerments according
to action-tantra- The flower
white Sunya.
garland empowerment, water
empowerment and crown empo-
~
werment.
q·s·'\"1<>.·CJ·'\c:·1 QJ~· s·'\"P"CJ<>. JJ
GIRl\cl' cJ.&l>il'l- 5,ltj,~'1~~119.
'i,ltji x<'111 \. 'i,ttji xc/, 14 itfi'r I 1£.'ll~·CJ(•·r<iJ ~·ff·"'i·~'\·CJ(31·<i~J I
~ "!l<ffi ell) cJ. 6cl> ii d 1-t- i:f> fa '1
fs), 11 Id .-:I ifll -:ft 111 I 111 f111 I
'3 ~ ~ 11. "' fa .-i 'cfllf Tim "' fa .-i '1!$1~S:l'I-Jlc1'11, ~ . TI2TdT-
ffll 'I-JTc1'11 itfi, I
The three difficult aspects of fs), 11 I w':ir ~ 31 'j,tl Iii ~
practice- Difficulty in fulfilling
the goals, difficulty in executing
ffl- '1 !$ I~s; I c!lT 'I-JTc1'11 C/J, '"11,
~ c!lT 'I-JTc1'11 cf,',( '11 Tim TI2Td1
the conduct and difficulty 1n
pursuing the practice. c!lT 'I-JTc1'11 c/, x'11 I
75
Set of Three
The three activities in the

context of Action-Tantra- ~ 4\1'i'j. c;1qu1 ~
Meditating upon the Maha- q ~ loi fil I:, c;I'q or ·'if?i !.I '<'n
r Fc1 ('j ~
mudra, meditating upon the 'cl I
mantra and meditating upon the .i) ~ RI fct ~ <ell I •I ~ "ff "c:'l """1
reality. c1R c;Tl'J- ~ .'f <RR. et m
:r;·y~·i:i1Nllf"11i"i-1111111 al._· "lo\IN.'\(IN' I, oI tRT~ <BT 5lf.r ~ <BT W1
~ .'f fcl "1 ~ ITT.-JT I
~i:i· ~ ._. i:i1l:i:i1Ni!J""11ioi 1 ~"-'ll"ilN.~<>1· The three faults of abandoning
a.a._.~ .,·i:i/l:i:i1Ni!J""11i"i1 ~-51~.,.~._.'J. the Bodhicitta- Due to the fault
of going to the Unfortunate
~ ',,1;11\: <I INi!J"I!] 1j °I -~11 Realm, failure in doing welfare
to others and getting himself far
fsb ll I ct <?I t'1l -il ftl I Ul 1.-J I f.'t- from attaining the Ground of
31 fi''1 <'I If1 Ell H 1-1. ~ Ici-; <'I If1 Ell H 1-1. Bodhisattva.
' '
~~I
fsb ll I o"5I ~ 3l :!,f1 I~ cfR Slll51'<ri"i'q'~51'<r"1151f il 51IN'~."I"
Ul 1.-J- 3ffe.'! .'f ~ ~ c!R'IT '\ii <!]IN''J 1 l'lll "1°'jil<!]IN"'J I '\il<!]IN"'J'
0
UIT'l. ~ tR ~ ~ c!R'IT
UIT'l ct"m ~ Ici-; I"1 .'f ~~ ~ al'\·'Ji{II
c!R'IT urr,, I
"1'-'"il
Three types of meditative
stablization according to <I~"\" 'J""I"'\ii I!] IN.'J 1
action-tantra- The meditative
stablization of abiding in fire, '\ii<!] IN" 'J"OJ '\"'Ji{II
the meditative stablization of
8if.lm 'li51i'l-fr- f1 <'<1 I"1 ~ '"11
abiding in sound and the
1-1lot4?11. <11-11"1~'"11 1-1 lo r 4 .,j1 '
meditative stablization of
31.-JIC'l~.-11 '1loi4-;ll ~ I
abiding in the finality of sound.
if[
s'-·ii:r~·i1111N·~.,-,:ia·~ IN''\il"IIN·111,i!J1 f16Q I"1 ~ 'il 'l lo I4 ";ll, 8 'l \ "1 ~ 'ii
1-1 lo I4 ";ll, 31 '1 I"1 ~ .-11 1-1 lo I4 ";l"j ~ I
~ IN"'JIN"<:;"i""-Sl'-'".~<:J 1 ~ IN"'JIN"<!]"jil\"~il\'
clR ;f(fj"]x qft- 'li51 l'l-il-
"l~<"~i!JIN"'Jf ~ IN°'JIN°IN·i<l''J""l"~il\·~c;·~· '(-j «I I <1 H1 1-1 lo I4 ?il , 81-1 \ "1 ~ '11
'"1"1
'l lo 14 ";l"j ct"m 31.-J I"1 ~ 'i"J 1-1 lo r4 .,j1 I
i<!]IN"'Ji{II if[
76
Set of Three
fk/11<'1'-141 "181~~~1, ~"11<'1'-1.-\l Three highest yoga tantra-

~ ~ ~ ~ ~
"181 -:D Tim ai,-11<'1'-111 "181 ~11 Father tantra, Mother tantra and
Three types of great love- Great Non-dual tantra.
love for visualizing sentient
beings, great love for merely
visualizing the doctrine and c,,9r:;·ci1 i'?]l!l;("i·~11
great love for merely
visualizing the lack of true ~filt11 ~~:- 'i~"'l,f%, '1Ull'[-
existence. '.lfe, , °tfr!P' I"'l,f% ~ii fc1 I

OR #r,--r l,I if> I x ~ ~~- J:Ri '.lfe,,
Great love for merely '1Ull'f '.lfe, i1 m °tfrlP'! '.lfe, I
visualizing truth, great love for Three levels of intellect- Poor
merely visualizing the doctrine intellect, moderate intellect and
and great love for merely sharpone.
visualizing the lack of true
existence. ('C::"j't!]~&lj a.i·~t!]l!lj ili9{t!]l!lj il·.ia.i·
'lQl!l·~11
v
~
~
a.i· "i. 9"i l!l. "I r '\"I"'.~ci·" Ql!l' l!l 1f fmr: fil1-1a11:- 3WIET: ' Fc!1,1fc1qR'a '
Rt R1 fcl> Ri I ilfi'r I
~= 11"1t12 111,p1f:- <'ll··rnfQ:f:, ~ : , cft;-r fil "I Rt ,i i- 3WIET, Rt l,I R1 q Rn
m:~1
Tim Rt R1 fcl> Ri I I
!l 161 uI ~ cfFr cflf- <'11 '1 l,I "1-1,
The three evil minds- Not-
~11: ffm m:,'21" 1
knowing, knowing wrong and
Thref classes of Brahmanas- • indecisive mind .
Those residing in forest as
ascetic, those living as house- '\'lC,''l\"-'!'i°'t!]'t!]~&lf "lQ:i'·9 '!fqf"i·
holders and those that acqmre
mystic powers.
~-~9 '\c:-"l·9~a·i'·9i>.'11
/il'"j'il'\'"111.'i'\'t!]~&lf Of~'\ 1 a.i· ~'\ 1

3l~~cf>t-'l ~ fil~,i:- 'Fi-
~:, q.r~:, 'tC'1Rlfti~-clfc1 I
9~"l·il '\·~· ~'\·"Ql!l. ~1 r 3l ~ ~ if> "ll"GR ffl ~ <fr,--r
.,ft fil 1 3l-:J, ct1 xd ·-:II fil 1- fq 1tF:P'[,

~ - 'Fi-~, N.£'.f-~
Tim~-~I
1-1 11 a .=,i 't, 11 i; ii a "5i itfi'r 1 The three rituals of conferring
<l'r,--r 31:J;<ffi" (f,--,[- "'ftl~1a~.=,i~, initiations- Ritual of earth,
'111 a .=,i Tim 11 i; ii a .=,i 1 prepartory ritual and the
fundamental ritual.
77
Set of Three
",<ll:,"<.f'IJ'li3lJ ",<IC;:"J'~'3l'",C:.'f ",<IC:.'?f'

"\IT'tfffyq, cfi.r q I.I fll <11-.:il-
~ 1fifrl <fi. 31Qfli, TIQ:!T q~cj\)ffi I
"-sc:.·r "t<lc:.·?f:(?f·~·111~8l·.:f1r The three synonyms of Prii-
sangika- Prasangika, Aprasaha
Cll<:;"il and Parakirti .
..i·~l.ll·r.i·1a:i'~'-'l·r.ia·..,<1c:.·?fr ia:i'~'-'l·r.ia· ",~'3l'r..c:.·i"t''llti i:t'",?f"i·111,8lf ul ·~ ~.
",<le::?fr i a:,·~ l,ll' '-1'",C:.·~a:,· r.ia '",<IC:.'?f· <Ii'-'l' ~c:.·?fr ~·<1·,,.~r "1'3l'QJ·~·"litrr
~rr ?fl[:
=:fl ftl I ~ I.I Iftl I- 3ltl ~ f.'l: I.I'\, ~:- $11'1 11'lf:, ~ :•
1W-1 ~ Pi: ll 't, '3 rn ~ Pi: li irfcr I cfi'ic'1~ftc1~il I

<IT 't<l Id I P.,. 111"-'l ~ <6
31'1 I$11 i:11 $11 «I I'11 f.'l: ll 't, 31"M- '];~- $1H 11'lf. ~
f.'l: 1.1 't, 311 $11 i:11 ql f.'l: li irfcr I <fi 'i c1 ~ft c1 I
cft.r ~m- 3lE11'1 ~ Pi: I.I. 'ft!.11, The three masters of Svii-
~ f.'l: I.I TIQ:!T '3 rn 'i ~ f.'l: ll I
tlintrikamlidhyamika (From
East India)- Jftanagarbha,
"I.IT
Santaraksita and Kamalasila.
31 '1 I$11 t1 311 $11 «114'lf.'l: ll, 31T~-
~ TIQ:!T 311 $11 t1 Icfl f.'l: ll I 1~·3ja·i i:t'1?f"i·111,3l1 l,ll c:. '-'l· ~l,ll· C:~f'1't'll ?flf 3llillllf:-
OR
311il IIJ"i,<i:l q IR\i t1:, 311 ii IIJ'<'I~ c1,lffi:.
The sense faculty of knowing
all that is unknown, the sense 311'<11/J~llf.'a~cl~-tlfa I
faculty of knowing all and the 111\4 11 c; ~ f '1 <6 cfi.r 311 i:11 ,f-
sense faculty of that which has 311 '<11 /J '.l,<&4lltit1, 311'<11/J
the poteniciality of knowing all. '<'i~ctlffi TIQ:!T 311'<11/J ~llf.a~cl I
Three masters of Madhyamaka
",~'3l'~"l'~;r..•i:ia•3l"°i'!'~lll'!!JC:.IN'IIJ,3lJ Philosophy- Acharya Buddha-
~QJ.,,.~....·qr r..q·':i'..i·9a:,l.ll·r.ir 111"\"i' palita, Acharya Candrakirti and
Acharya Santideva.
'lJlljl.ll'r.iitrr
..,a"i·111,8l·{i.a·~cq·"-s'"'1 c:.9· ..,a a:,· 1c:.·r
\I l<tlfll<l>if'll ?fl[: q1.1f1.11:-
, l,ll' "ta a:,r iil i5J l,ll' "ta a:,·~ ·111 ~i5J· a:rn
~lflifTl<fi:, 31QfH;:, q~c1,lffi~-tlfa I
78
Set of Three
~= . cplfllcpfcltjcp:, GT-1' G! 141\1 >t' - 311 fi'l 'I c; I'1 '1,' J!",l!-
c; 1'1 't, ~rn-tj=.-;1=.-i "i1fcr I
cllfi1cpfcltjcp:, '11'1fflcpfcltjcp~i1R1 I
cft.t- 14 ~ - c/, Ifll c/, fc1 tj c/,, cl Ifi1 c/,
fcltjcp Tim '1Hfflcp fcltjcp I
~ Sl<l>I~ *
GR- 3T@tq-<;R,
Wf-<;R TIQTT 31"'l<l-<;R I
Three isolations (according to Three types of generosity-
Vajrayoga)- Isolation of body, Generosity in material help,
isolation of speech and isolation generosity in Dharma-teachings
of mind. and generosity in granting
fear Iessness.
'\q'i'IIJi\lll'll],51J ';!,lll'~' i'Ji\'<l]i\1111 C:.<lj'
~·'ii:l i\' "li\1111 ul\~· 'ii:l i\.'Iii\111·~II
&1·si\'!J.1'.'iil <1·r.i·11J,51J s
&I~I!,!' &1· <1 ·c:"'·;;i <1 ·
Cl' 'jC:.·1 '<Is.,:J' SI!,!'&I'Si\ ·q"'.iil i\' Cl' 'jC:. ·1 <l1 "l'
G!l41\1: (l<l>l"d<ll~:- cplfllqicpl-
'flcllfl:, cllfi1qicpl'flcllfl:, ~ - '111·&1·Si\' c:._· iil i\. c:;{11
qicpl'flcllfl~tjfa I
cft.t" l,I <t> I ~ * II 1--d <l I ~
"'I fll ip ~"' I'fl ·H. cl IR1"' ~"' I'fl-
en
G! 141\1 '1_
<;'Pr,
'.
31 <:Ctl I <; I'1 '1_
'-,
F.erut11c;<'f1IGl'1'1,
'
~llcl<llc;<'f11-
'
I, *
3l<:ct11<:1'1-
i.lc1'iJi/5 ~,1'11, fuqip, ~.i-11
(isolation)- Physical solitary
place, verbal solitary place and TIQTT Ucs 1'! ~.i-11 I
mental solitary place. Three types of stealing (taking
what is not given)- Taking by
'I.Slll'!i' ~&rCl'll],51J ~ &I' Cl"-' ~i\' CIO.''< SIii',l[ force, taking in secret and
taking by deceit.
,:J~'i'i\&1111·~·"s111·sr iil ~ 111·~·"s111·si{11
G! 141\1"
q, cl '1-
' Fc1 q Ic/, q, c1 '1,' ~
=-
.,
51·c!) i\''\ll]ll]'ll],51\ i°Ill' <l]<'ji\' 'i(Ill'~·'<'4<\'
q,c1,i, $11'1q,c1 'i'! I
'
~ 'II"~ *
'tf>c'I- fc1 q Ii/5 q, c1.
go<lq,c1 izq $11'1q,c1 I
c:1 {j<l]lll'"l''<'4i\'Cl1
"oii\·r.i.r11
l'ifl'II' { ,:Jl!,l'~l!,I'
Three types of result- Ripening G!l4q: <n_(.:;1~'1~Ef:- ~ -

result, result of merits and result q gc; lflQ R, '1\Cl, tRta-1qg.-; lflQR1t11Ca:,
of wisdom. q1RR<ufai/5qg.-;i.iQfat1t1~i1fa I
!i\''l'~&rll],51J :.c:.·~c:.·~·gi\'Cl''jC:.'1 s'l· ~ Sl"
Wa,f('j' qgc; Ifl
* <n_{GIB '\l"~Ef-
QR, '1\Cl, tRT&-1
'<~ <ljl!,l'CIO.'i'l'!.11 i"l!,l'~'ii\'Cli{11 qgc;lfl Qfat11Cl ~ ~
qgc;lfl Qfat11Ca I
79
Set of Three
Three types of affirming The three roots of non-virtues-

negations- Direct affirming Desire, hatred and close-
negation, indirect affirming mindedness.
negation and circmnstantial
affirming negation.
"'"IJSl'Q<r<.1~'&1(')'9'!,!&lf .f\'')<;'1 <l<!]lSl''I 1
y
J:J ;slSl· JSI II
(!lll]' iif1
>ng;: 11rcm: l+,i~m: <1>1>111:- P.,i ~Efl 3R'f'EAT-

fkli Ic'ltl'lf
i-i If Pj. "c['I'\. ~ llfu Ia 'i'ifc'r I ~ 31'1 I c1 tFi I 'iJ;R'f I
lIT ~ '1'f'{l cft-r l,l ct, I '/ cf> ) '11- $f 'l'ct,R <!ft 3R'i"EAT- 'fR'll-
i:mr. "c['I'\ ~ "1Tl I 31 c'l tl '11 t['q-~ 111!.TT
31'11<'1tl'11 I
The three treasures (constituent
parts of body) obtained from Three types of the unsur-
mother- Flesh, skin and blood. passable- Unsurpassable to the
truth, unsurpassable to the
Dharma and absence of
unsurpassable.
~
'
ii
U,/' <( A3,j JS!' JS! II
y
J:J'.;l"-. J:J 1 J:J '!(91'1. oic,, II

?l<T: tl fTi--1 dl<l f.'t et, 1ll I:- cf>Ri-
igaj cl>:, 31cl'f1<1>:, iltct:f1gilli~il I ~f.ta"11il.-Jl'11•f~ fffil':
tl fTi--1 dl ll ci, $f cfTf- cf,Ri- 3T:,1;"1Tffl:- ~:. fh'i'!>I,:, ~~lf11
cgaj c/i, 31il'f1c/i ~ illct-11gc:jllJ ! 'iJ;R'f I
Three schools of Sammitiya- ~f.ttl'-"11 cl .-J I '11 1 f <!ft cft-r
Kurukulla, A vantaka and VatsI- 3l:,1;'1 i tl I tf- ~. '11 (i'!, Ix ~
putriya. ~~ltil I
The three benefits of the Path of
~·')~ ·ci~·3"ci·9'!,!&1f "'~\ ilill]lSI I ~. ':(e; I
Aspirational Meditation-
llj~ -~llj'lljillSl'~ll Praise, Entreatment and Admi-
ration .
.,n O ll <!l, '11 iii 'l<il I f.'t xT'T ' ~:'
\
l-lli.\~il I i!JS1·c.i·("'<>1&1'9'!,!&1f "-e;·~"i I 9"1'\.~"i I
cft-r 3f'll,'11 iii 't,<'1- xl"T, ~ ~
'<.<;' llj "l"i'll] ~ "I ·13:~'I·~11
l1ti.\ I
80
Set of Three
3ITWlfih-l'>l I<l-11 '11 11f:- "f<ITci:,

-:;fll': The three minor red protectors-
l:fW.!:.~ffll Kurukullsuvarat;taka, Raktava-
aA" ~ 'j,fih-1'>11 <1'1 I'11 •f- "f<l10, sundhara and TinudevI.
ffl TI:m "f<ITci ~ ffl I 'i&1"'·i<1·f....·9~1111 1·~·1m1 ~9o.i·<l'i9
The three Path of Aspirational
Meditation- Self-purpose, "-\'i't<>J·af11
purpose of others and the
purpose of self and others. -:;fll': <l R6d 1 <'IT !%a ilrn:-
'!!. ~'!). <'i:'i.
1101qfa:. c/Jlli'il"1~i1R'I I
~,:,'Q,')"1'~"'"9~&l\ ~9·<1~o.i·~c;·"''i o.i r al-l <1R6cl <it) !%a x'lff<f>-
~9·al'it!"-'t:l.')"I \ E:l· 9'1 O,J'CJ/'('~c;.Q,'i O,l' '!!. ~ cg C'i:'i , TJUT4'TI'r ~ c/J IIi 'ii "1 I
The three major red protectors-
~II Kurukulla, Gat;tapati and Kama-
raja.
f.!<1f•i R!~El'l- filcl~lqf.'lc1\011-1.
' '
"'f.'i.,...,=c1"~'1-q""f.'i"'c1n-f0=1~1-[. 3l ll fa~ t1 f.'I cl\ oI t!&j'"ll!l'~IJl'CJ'"]~&lj LJJJ:; 'i9'CJ/'('9'\0,l'QJ'
~I
"'"r1 ·f"'-'CJI ~"o.i ~'l·~\'1·QJ·.,:,<1·1·f"'-
aA" ll<l>I, 'ifi f.!<1f•1 ,i1q,1~
f.'lc1io1. f.'l,c1~1q f.'lc1\01 1:!cf <1\ o.i,:,o.i· to.i·~·~c;·ilko.i·~·j,:,· <l~ll
3ll1Fc'l~a f.'lc1io1 I
Three types of nirvii1,1a- Nirvat;ta
'llf<IIEll•i Rl~E!I-[ xy,:m;,-
with remainder, nirviit;ta without ~. ~DTI~.
remainder and nirvat;ta without ~~~I
abiding. aA" Y ~ ~ YT~- xy,:m;, <F
ll<lrl c/JC/'11, \.!lfulc/J<"-11"1 <F ~
"&1"'·,i:.·(.,:,·9~&11 1·~·1 m·tti~ ..,.~ ·~ c;· !,{~M c/JC/'11 TI:m ~ITT cnT
~ c/JC/'111
e9·~1 ~"'-~'l'"''i""''?:i'[ ~-.:i'·~-~
Three types of aspirational
"~ll prayers- Establising properly in
the place of perfection, Estab-
-:;flJ: if> f.! 6d I <it) f% a ii lff<f>T: - lising properly for the welfare
cg ~ c•i.•Hjcl oj c/J:. , c/t1 cl -ij'lc:RT, ~- of the sentient beings and
~~I complete purification of the
aA" ll if> I ii <ITT if> f.! 6d I <it) f% a Buddha-fields.
'i{lff<f>- cg ~ <'<'1-/jcl uj c/J, , c/t1 cl ".j,'lc:RT
Tim fa j~ cfJ I
81
Set of Three
~l!,l'</'~>J' T' ~ "cll"T "'!<'I t. li 'c ~ cl

cR <ITT "'!<'f t '11m -;gfq;-<l I f4i 41
c:ii"1''1'~9"1' 1fq' t1441c'I fc1E'11 ~ <e1T ~ <ITT
"'!<'f t I
The three-roots (Three root
1,.<'I if> I ll q t{ =:fl fil I 'l I H·:11 fil l- objects of devotion)- Guru,
!.l 'l I" Icl IR1° <li Jt (~). ~'il"l- tutelary deity (meditational
fcl f., ~ tj ll : ('1Ur"I)' "ll 11.1 f.l "5,: - deity) and daka-dakin1.
(~) ~-cl~ I OR
1lcl if> I ll ~ ~ II t-::l-
cft.r Gura as the source of blessing,
!.l 'l I" Icl IR1°<li (~). !.1'11°1- meditational deity as the source
fcl f., ~tj I.I ('1Ur"I) '11m "ll 11.1 f.l "5, of attainment and daka-dakin1
(~)I as the guardians for protecting
The three principle body-like oneself from hindrances.
texts on logic- Pramm;iavartika
(Commentary on Valid Cogni-
tion) is the extensive one, ~,;·af1 OJ fua.; ·""'·arc:"I' J~{9 "I· "a·
Pramm;iaviniscaya (Discernment ~,;·af1 ~ C:'"f "''("I'~·~,;·af· ~ ."1 '!i51'
of Valid Cognition) is moderate
one, and Nyayabindu (Drop of .:f11
Reasoning) is the short one.
.,[l f<l 1 1icl -q ii> If<l 1 '3 ooft ~ 'lg 1'j{sl-
~Q'l!)~>Jf AJ'<IJ! ul·~>J, OJfl"-'"'~11 i1 ii> 'l, i.llclll.li ~ . ~
' '
"l",.iil sa.;51c:i"l·~·~c:i·.sJ·aJ1 ~(ISl·~c:i·~· t1 4i1 ffi "ilfi'r I
cft.r 1l~ 'l'!sl>- '3 ooft ~ -i'/ ('l «1 <li
~ c:i· ui· ~>JJ c:i "''9~\ ~c:. c:ia. ~ c:i·3lfl"'. et ~ ~ -i'f) 'lg 1'j{sl tj iii' "tl1crr
-i'/ ~ 1fq' ~ -i'/ tllfilil> I
"'~i'"l·!c:·(·11
The three channel wheels- The
Gl1,.<'l'l- T':, l!'c~cl:, ;gjcp- wheel of great bliss at the crown
;,; I flh 4i "ilfi'r I (top of the head), the wheel of
<IT enjoyment at the throat and the
T': ~ Jmltcll'i'f<'l't, l,'c~cl: wheel of phenomena at the
~ qx '!c1 't, ;gJcp-<l Iflh.-n- heart.
tllf 41 c'l ~il ~ ~ '<'! I
f\,,a·i·9~51, ~"l·tc:i·~·~"l·"'c:i·i·c:i1 ~·
811,.<'I- T'. ll tc ~ c1 1fq' ;gjcp- .t~·QJ·~·~c:"1''11 ,;c:·9.,a.;·© ·9~c:·~"f "1'
-5 Iflh.-\1 I
ar{~C:"1''1,{11
82
Set of Three
ct<tl"'fll ~= ~- ~r:i·1:11 r:J ~"','<I' ~~'r:J'OJ'

M$11111'j. ~l«;M'11"1~11N9, ~ : ,
ll.~,;·r:ii{11
fciq~qj ~IIN9, ~ I
~
'1t;1q$11
* <lcfR ~
~-
m.
=(jj="'i=c'1ilo/
~1..-;~11B1
~~
~:
Gtfcll'.l'
t1"1'1~:
Lficl'l- ~ -
'
QICZlci, ~~
~ Ql-il"l~ll'E11 i'i
(cl.llc/>i!"I) q R:! f;l,: cl.l I"i'I ~, ~ 11 i!i 'i i!awl
~ m
"elm x<'< ~ "4"x cfi <1Bi!l"1: ~ I
~ll'E11 "If ~ I
The three causes of debate-
m ~
cF1'
* cfRrn cfi *
~
ll<l>R "l>c'1'- '$1'R
c/> li1 oI i!i "\).~ c#1'
Being endowed with the great mfq mcfr t, ~ q ff! R, 'clRT
wisdom by birth, being trained ~~I IJIT i'i lfl <'1 tft t "elm
in the science of grammar and ~ - ~ 11 i!i 'i cfi1' ,ffi cfi fu(;
logic, and being trained in the <1Bi!l"1 il'ictl t I
scriptures of one's own and
The three types of results of
others, debate- One becomes satisfied
f '\'"1'5"i·<ia·~&1'"]!11''1"'1~1111 "1 ~ 'OJ l\ due the enhancement of his
understandings, his fame
r/,:"1~1 ~·~,;·f'\·1:11.l.·~OJI ~\<r~~,r spreads everywhere and he
becomes the spiritual king for
1:1i.l.'ll.!l~·~i{11
preserving the doctrines.
~~ GIi'.! i &Fl'{{l.ll- i).r '(j'qi:
c/,i! o~,i: (3TI'e!T'<:), et ~fc1 fq:,
ci f "i·"'~<N·~.sr1:1'"l~"'' llj'· ~a· r:i "i.,,_~Ill Jr
ct ~ Lfi c,i 'i'lfi'I' I i ,;·r:ii.l.·r:i["','ll.~<llj ~ <J~'Ui"i"i'~'\'~'
~ ctft cfR~
r:i!"i·"-~'!l ~II
( ~ ) - R,i i!i c!', ~ '(j'qi
fcr;i:rr '(jjT[f' '(j'qi cfi1' ~ "elm '(j'qi cfi<f 81 f.'ll'.l l-1' - i!i "i Ig ql 4 'i,
'
irfcr I
cliT (Ji"c'1" I
The three constituents of
debate- The person with whom
cfR Mcf,I i! * -
q,i1•1q14'1, i!icf<l1ciR\i,i1ql,i
'
~ c/>cltljc'll
cfu:f, '!!, ~ Ic'1 <l>m cfi >ITT'f '3 ct1 Ig
the debate is done, way of doing
debate and the result of debate.
\j"" -1 ~ cfTclT cfu:f "elm
qi! c/> c'll IoI ~ cfTclT cfu:f I
f '\'"11't'll.Q<ll'll]~III J ~II] Ill' <I'll.'4 OJ' r:Jl!l' ,;~' Three types of efforts- Armour-
like effort, joyful effort for
virtuous conduct and effort for
the welfare of sentient beings.
83
Set of Three
ar,·1r~1r9~ai1 a.i a;·~ai· ·ar,·a.i1 i~· Threefold harsh speeches-

Harsh words before the person
"it.J"l '~ ·ar,·a.ii aJ ,·:i ~·iar,·a.iit11 concerned, clandestine harsh
gllfUi Gi fcl El 11- >l<x!fl'l M111 uIl-l , words and transmitting harsh
' ' words that hurt.
3ljl-l1'1Ml-Jl01"(, 3ll'<1Ml-JJOj ~ I
~ M<t> I'< ~ Y1ffUT- >l<x!fff '"l'~51~'~11'"J~51J "i~'<l'l~·i,·~·~"I'
Ml-ll"I. 3ljl-ll'1 Ml-JIOI ~ 3lT'<1'
Ml-JIOI I ~oJ~, ~oJ~·,;a;·\a;·s"i·~·~"l.~oJ~,
Three types of awareness- ~~·t,·(oJ''Ji'l.'~"l'~oJ~'~ll
Direct valid cognizer, inferential
valid cognizer and valid "'"'°ii
cognizer of transworthy words
(Direct valid cognition, inferen- "'~9~'JCl'~'~"l'~oJ~, i;l9~·ifa;·~·
tial cognition and valid cogni- ~,,r~oJ~l ?.~·"'§"·~·~<>1.~oJ~·~11
tion of trustworthy).
'lfh;f f.:il f<IEI '{- cg~ IC'1 l'.J ,:\ fi \l Ig ct,-
ar,·aia·<1.9"l·i1·9~ai1 a.i·~9~1 ar9·~9 ~ft C'1"(, fifi:l lclRh '-l I~ftC'1 "(, 5,ti-/id-
il·i'ai·..r11 fl ci, ~ft ioi ~ I
qf
?f1T: YRl!l ~"l:- ','-lTd· '<'fl11c/li;'lJ~ftC'1l-l, 311~11Ra-
' < '
fi1 M~ qfca:. fi1RIFcl,ct11 ~ . f.'i'-l\01~<1 ~ I
~ l,l<t>J'( ~ ~ - ~ -
lll-JJOJ ~ ~ YRl!if.!l<li- <H\llt;<l>~ftC'1, "fi"fi:llclc1t,'-l~ftC'1 <'fl!TT
3folleT, f/1 !.l ~ q l?a ~ fi1 R1 f/1, ctl I I
The three oppositions- non-
5,ti-/idficJ, mI
"<l"T
experience, erroneous experi- ~ ~ "arr m cffC'1l m.
ence and indecisive thought. 311 ~ 11 Ra ~ft C'1 (~ c/l Il-l '1 '11 >fc/lc
l9·~~11'<1'"J~51J (,;'!Q'<I\ 9.f9~·~· m <ITT m) "C!"ci f.'l l.l Ia1~ft C'1 1
Three types morality- Morality
f<l''JI <li"i·~·f<l''Jitll of integrating virtue, morality of
Gi fcli;f q J'(> ISll 't (s;,h-,1-1 >t)- working for the welfare of other
sentient beings and morality of
fi '°T-'l q I'(> ti!l "(, fi fliFi 4 I'(> ti!l "(,
abstention from misdeeds.
q,A.J,'-ll41'(>t-,j ~ I
OR
~ l,l<t>J'( ~ 4J'(>ISll (S,4'<1'1)- Morality giving protection from
fi '1i!il q I'(> ti!l . fi flii '1 q I'(> ti!l <'fl!TT fear, morality of expressing
4,A.J,'-ll 41'(>"'-l I good wishes to others and
84
Set of Three
morality of seeking freedom Three paths of ac'cumulation-

from cyclic existence. The small, middle and great
path of accumulation.
'"l'"1'!iill\ !111~rl°'lllf i 111·a.gj):l,·~CI CJ\
{11j''-JQ.'[SCl''-Ji{!l
l111111·111'!iill\ ,l). ~a.·l1111111 &:l r:: · 9'l1111111
i111·9·l111111·~11
~ *i LIP{- qmwr , 3Fi:l ll ell IR\-1:.
ell fa ~ c/> ell I R\-1 'Elfc'r I f.:lcf>l{l:- qO\cfiilJ:, .-Jllicfilll:, ~ -
cfra, '(iiq- -qaiwf, 3Fi:lllclllR\i ('f2:!T cfil{l~tjfa I
ell fa ~ c/> ell IR\-1 I "a'\"'{ cflf - qUl ~ cflf, "'il1i" ~ qrf
Three modes of reasoning- ('f2:!]~~cflf1
Property of subject, Subsequent The three collections- Collection
Pervasion and Counter Perva- of letters, collection of names
sion. and the collection of words.
~~'~ill'"1'!iillf l~''\"llj'a:! '\ l I "I''\"!"- I i'°",'CI' ~ill'"1'!iill\ ,5",'CI' ~ "1'Cl'1("1 f l°",·q·

~·r~"l·oii{ll q~·q, l",'Cl'Cl'jt:::'{illlll'~ll
c{"ll 3If1llill ten-:- 31 fi:1 d I'J:, Gifc'lm 'ifG'il- tJ.<E1clc;.-J1, ~:<El"-
~i1aa1,1, R1"1lll 'Elfc'r 1 cl c; 'i I, '3"li8:1 Icl c; 'i I ilfa" I
cfra, 3If1l-.?"<fdl- 31 fi:1 a 11J. m- "a'\"'{ SI <Ii" <!fr "ijG'il- '{fs!-
('fffl ('f2:!T R1 "1 ll I I cl c; 'i I, ~:<El"- cl c; 'i I Cl2:!T "131ThIT-
Three deities of longevity- cl c; 'i I I
Amitayu, White Tara and Three kinds of feelings- Joyous
Vijaya. feeling, painful feeling and
indifferent feeling.
t 111111·"lill'i·'\s·ci·111,ill1 t 111111·"1o1·~r:::·,.-
illiE°'I·, '\'"1'!iill\ ;,!'I. ci'i 111111·c;rl.·oiiE''I· ~ '\ I
'\r:::·1 ci.~r:::·'\r:::·1 i,'l·<fi{ll
"1"1'1'! .'\Cir:::.9·o1<'E°'1' ~ '\l ci:fr:: 111· '!i' ~q·
t11'1J1,•11•f'Rf ~ 1fcrr:- m- qQ_'oJ<'E°'\'~'\'\ll
~:. ~-~:.
•H, •ii'
1../i "'11../ hil fa I .,ft fcl1 <'Ti:! 011 f.'1- q ,a~ c18;l"UJ1i'.
t1 "'l "-lfflf ~ "a'l"'l 'llG- m '
q R f.1 r,q "'1 c18;l"UJ1i'. q R cti R;ti a c1eiui
WllR 'Wf. ~ wim-'Wf 'Elfc'r I
'
('f2:!T l@W+fR-'Wf I "a1"'f <'Tlf!UT- 4../d~c'la,u[, ~ -

f.'l&1"'1c'l8;l"Uf ('f2:!T 4RctiR;liac1a,ur I
85
Set of Three
The three definitive characte- ?ti f<li :- cjj I[{i cjj ?ti fo& :,
ristics- Imputed phenomena, c1 1Ri "'""-Po& :. ~ ~ q,-;ji fo& ~iHa 1
dependent phenomena and cfi;r l1 if> I ~ ~ '51!. f<li- cjj Ir'.1 cjj
thoroughly established pheno- m. c11Ric(, ""-Po& ~ ~~cfi
mena. m1
Three types of miracle- Miracle
of body, miracle of speech and
R;i f<hll Gfl fi'l I- ~ , miracle of mind.
q,lf 'i1fc, I
cfi;r 11<1>R ~ Gfl fi'l I g'3i'~'lj'<l'"I'~''3i'IIJ~"'~ l Ol&I' <ill:~'3i. ~c; ·1
'"fTTl:f <fm q,lf I ~'3i' i-3i·2i·~c;·1 ~'li·!!l·af.{11
The three types of livelihood-
Life-span, merits and action. Rlfi'tl'.I: 'ftill<l(i;:- q[,IN'l<l>'iq[c([i;:,
'15['iq[c([<;:, 31c,q'iq[c([<;~i:1R'l 1
&1~·q111·1:1i111·crll]~illf l"f'l 11]'1ic;·1 cfi;r l1<t>I~ et
'ftill<lli;- YlxlN'li:/>
(l11]1!1 '~'"11!1' ~ &11!1' ii:)-~ Ill' { '3i. ~- Cl.m- ~ c;. iil . 'iq[cllG, 'l!!['iq[c(li; <fm 3R'tf-
'iqlc(lc; I
~111-~-~ l!l'l1i'Cl.~ll]'<l'Q.;111·~!1 Threefold telling lies- Destruc-
tive lies, big lies and small lies.
31 "c I i; ~ II ~ lil 1<t>l'.I if'RI': I '11 I -=cl
1:1,<kl I: ?l"lIT '];UJT:- cjj Ir'.1 cjj- (11J111'i'3i·t:11J'llillf ~ &1 111·~ I i c;· ~ I &1'3i'
cg~I C'1 cjj•1. c( I fticjjcg ~[ C'icjjY'
~ fn-1 cjj- cg ~ IC'I cjj 4 'i1TI1 I i:;i.i·~-~~ll
31~1~5 311~ 11l1<t> wrr
~ ~ "<fjflJ ?l"lIT SJ51f.toqn-1<1•1f:- Rirnc1•f:.
~ t1 "'1 f%r a cfi;r 11ur- ~ er; 3i[c((icllf:. s3q~~1c1•f~-t1R'l 1
cjj ~ IC'I q,lf, cfTcf; er; cf?.~ IC'1 q,if et
., '
<12:IT fclrn er; cg ~ IC'I q,lf I
- l-J 5 (f.j "4 n-( cfi;r cf'f- R1 <'f1 cl I f.
3ITc@ qrf <f2:IT '3 q ~~I crrf I
The three virtuous activities The three Great Conipletions-
pertaining to the eighteen Great Completion of the mind
unshared qualities of Buddha- system, the Great Centre
Virtuous activity of body, System and the Instruction
virtuous activity of speech and System.
virtuous activity of mind.
"11i1'3i'~"l'll]~illf \ '3i. ",I:; '&1'6' 3i' ~. 11]','li. ~ "l f
.fl."11]<,.!i'~ "If ~ ~-~..,..,-~-ll]','3i'~ "1'"111
R;i fi'tl'.I) s..;q I q) 5:- 31~.!{-c( C'lal oI141 i, :,
'.l,<i;,ll415:. QfFillQfa~tll4li,~i:1fa I
86
Set of Three
cft;y SI I~ <l>T - 31 cft;y 31-iltl<'I ll~lli- 31'11$1111

~e,or ~ ' ef.a-~ ~ 311 $1 f;; ll, 311 $1 f'1; <1 <fl111 31TW-
~ft"ll~fc'i~tr ~ I a 141 f;; 11 I
The three types of negations- A The three uncontaminated
negation which is ultimately sense powers- The sense-
self-characterized, mental nega- faculty of knowing all that is
tion and non-affirming nega- unknown, the sense faculty of
tion. knowing all and the sense
faculty of that which has the
"l'i"l'S~'"l~~'"l't151 l .<J(~·~..,I ifi:ii·~..,I potentiality of knowing alL
~~'J'if"l'~<.,'Q,'51!,l'~ll ~q'<l'~51'J:f"f'tj5lf i<J<E~'~'j'SIQ'<!\ "]~l!-l'<!'
{l f!l 1 1;p) ll'I-J I<'I '{{>.l IOf If.'1- "ITT'llef- "IQ'<!\ ~~'"ll!-l'SIQ'<!il:'l!
'+[]q:, 'R[e,'+[]q:, 31 fc'i q ~~~ I
m ~ -if} cft;y ~ - 0ii<il'.I•
"""' •11"'11<i1f-
" '
'
"~<+.-1-,..,
c'l<:1v1•11'"'11~'1,
'
"ITT'<!ai,:rfq, 'R[e,'+[jq <fl111 3lfi'r- ~.~'cfl
'
~ai,:rrq I cft;y i:;r~ ~ '1"'1"i~dl c'llffOT
Three objects of knowledge- ' cCI- 1P"fRaT, ~ cCI- 1P"fRaT

Manifest phenomena, obscure l;<i, qi1f cCi- 1P"fRaT I
phenomena and extremely Three types of profundity-
obscure phenomena. Profundity of characteristics,
profundity of place and profun-
"l~'"l't1511 "l ~·{ c:, I '\S", "l~l!-l \ '\<!] "l' dity of activity.
'\Si.(ll "1~"1~-~51'<1'"1't151f "'ll~'UJ'j''l"]l!-l'Q,';l!,l'~-
{lf!l1 ilik{..f.'1- <Wm:, cl'llcilfl:, <l]~"ll!-l\ q 'll~-~'\''l"]~'Qi51!,l'~' "1~~1
!.lcll,ol~'EIR'i I
cft;y <'I'«.!,!!·- 'Wm, cl'llcllft <fl111 " 'll~ '~ \'1l'<!] l!,l-~ '\.~· "1 ~<!] l!,l '~l l
~cll-< 0 11 CllC:'f
The three basic codes- Bio-
monthly confession, summer ,~."l\lljl!-l'r.ir.l.. "1 ~"] l!-l \ ~ i<J"<!<.,' "l\<!] l!,l'
retreat and lifting of the
restrictions set during the 01r.l.·i:ii~"11!-l\ ffil!,l'~'\-~'"l~"ll!,l'~ll
summer retreat ~fcl,q i(qqlJ-
, fif.l.-:~l-1trnfc'ii:i-
{lf!l1 31'11tl~ ~lllf'III 31'11$11- ~ 31~ft;i=·r.i~.-:=~rtcf1=,~1.,j~R'i=ti='Ci~q=l-j,'
,,
a I$1 f'1; ll 't, 311 $1 f'1; ll 't, 31TW- 31 fi f.l .-; ~j '11 frn fc'i E1 'Ci tj ,:)fcr I
aIet) i"1; ,j ,:)fcr I qf
87
Set of Three
4R<fi($qa*'4'1. fc1<ti[$ya*'4'1. ai "\' <I".' ::ia '\' <1''\C:·1 ~ ""' •>r2. ""'<1,;,· ol 11<11·
' '
l'l1Jdl*'4 -tifc'r I
<1'"1 '.lr"" ·CJa· ::it'\·CJ~II
cfr-l ~<l>I~ ~ ~ - fif.'lc;~f'1 10f
trnfal'l ~. 3H-if.'lc;~f'1 10f 1:11r.tJfelfclEJ I 4°i'1qu11-
-1-rn fa l'l ~ om 3H-if.'l c; ~1'1 &nf.'n:. ~ : ~ : . tfl'\-
3H-i \I fa l'l ~ I ~aitf.'a~i'lfa I
m cfr-l ~ I ~ ~ !H I r.tJ- -q=,1~4=cfi~I, -
4R<fi[$ya-~. fc1<fi[$ya-~ zct 'i qOtt &nf.'n. ~~-&nf.'n
tfl'@T-~t om ~w-&nf.'n t
Three types of forms- Form Three kinds of patience-
shown and touched by sense Patience of not retaliating
organs, form which cannot be against someone who brings
shown but can be touched by harms to you, patience of
sense organ and for which can willingly enduring sufferings
neither be shown nor touched. and patience of discriminative
OR awareness.
Imputed form, thoroughly
imaginative form and form of 1('\''\<IIIJ'il'\·~·'\.sr.i'9·9~3.1l ~·s·g'\I
dharmatii.
"l""c:·::i·~"l·a.g"'''\c:·ai·il'\ I a9·CJ· "1~3.1·
"liJ"l""'~·~ "''"-f·9~11, 'l"'"~"'""-'\"-' 'l \ ~ <!,J' ::i i <II' CJi:l.. '\ 11"£9·,if1
i ""'"i""""-'\"-''ll ,ifc:·5·<1.?.i·::i~11
3{~tfl'<i1,~ "?nl": fi'11ll:-
?flIT *'q)q,11~'1:- 3FfHtf.'l<lf~'t, F,l,11tiilll~ii film
'
~:.
'
-.344Ri4f.'lc1\~'1. \Wlmill -tifc'r I 1.n•ttjct'Hlll'l~il f1lR1 ~ : .
\
cfr-l "*'"4"-'34'11ifl- 3l'f1,tf.'lc1fq~. Gi I.I I'1 I .J:icfd

f1 '1 ll ~il fa I
-.344Ri4f.'lc114'1 zci \Wlmill I 31 ~ cl l'<i 1~ ~ cfr-l -fi-11-11- <ma
The three migrations to the ~ cfi ~ ij finllT (fci "'cfl.lt.
Form Realm- One who attains :Ita ~ cfi ~ ij <WT-<f":l
liberation without interruption, l;ci 3l jct'N <WT om ~ <fT'1T
one who attains liberation when ii fi Fc1 tc fllfl.! I
he is reborn and one who pro- Three commitments related to
gresses higher. Amitiibha (Three pledges
::il'\'<r~.sr<:1·9~111 "l ~"\."l~'\"<I'S'\.<I',,r~. related to Amit:i.bha)- Perfor-
mance and action tantra as the
3)· ~3.1·qa·::il\<l''\c:·1 i9·::i1t:~·'\c:·5· external practice, yoga and
anutarayoga tantra as the secret
&8
Set of Three
practice and all practices f-!lfc'lE.11 lfl:4~1!11- 31cf>!-i 0 1•H:-

encompassing the doctrine of i:iitan. 31 f.'! ,:i ai:f> 1, uIl-J ,-i:i:iita:rr.
the three vehicles. i:f> " oIl''l I f1 l-J '1 :i:iita:rr irfi1" I
Jl-,. ,~·!·~. ,~-..,~ 1 ~Q.'il:J''J'~·~·c!J·
51
cft.l '1'PR <!fr lfl:<rtl~-
31 cf> 1-1 oI'i '1 :i:iita:rr, 31 f.'! ll <1 cf> 1-1 oI
,i:i~, i!iC:.'~·il:J''J'ili!i'~·c!J·,9~1 ~'i!iC:.' .r,,:i:iita:rr c1"W ~ .r,,:-
i:iita:rr I
9~~·1a.·il:J"'J'ili!i"~'c!J·,9~·.r11 Three types of presumption-
fcm: gc1u11c1ll:- ~li'Ulcl, 0 1~iffil: Reasonless presumption, pre-
"\tm:, 3!'c1, Icl, oI~iffi I: "\tm:, sumption for uncertain reason
311i;I-/Cllllcl, 0 1~iffil: ~<11~'<'lffi I and presumption for incorrect
qcJ <!fr cft.l ut I RI ll 1- oITTU reason.
311cl{OI x'\ "¥'1 °ITTl, ~ ~51'i~·Q.~c:.'l:J\~-"l~i!JJ t~. 'J'"'Si!J I
311 cl, oI x'\ "¥n 'ITT1 c1'\l.lT ~
1l"'i ~ ~ 311 cl, oI x'\ "¥n 'ITT1 I '1.QC:,'?J'-~-~ 1 l:Jt~''J'l:Jt'\' { C:,''-1~11
Three classes of hungry ghosts- fcm: q1~fl!c11:- • . ~ -
Those with external obstruction,
q{hil 't! (~1<1f11t,f{lcf>IQ$11-
those with internal obstruction
q 1-1 fi'I <1 I, f2j ~lffi f11 i,f{i i:f> IQ $1 IY 1-1
and those with obstruction to
both food and drink. fi'Rrr. 31 tc ,i Ii; [{I i:f> IQ $11 q I, fi'I <1 I
irfi1") I
Jl'\'!''\~'l:l'IIJ~alf l:J~l:J'ii i!J~ '&l \'J' '\ c:.· 1 cft.l ~q~1,"'fli"'c1~,-..,[- Fc1gc11 ~ld{ili;-
9~\ili!J~"&l'\''-11 ari:i· ~·&i'\·'J·~ ·i:i'!ii!J' f{ii:f>IQ$11Yl'ifi'l<11, ~ Fc\~1fa-
fili;f{ii:f>IQ$11Yl,fi'l<11, Y{hil 3l"'c-
ii'n ftl i; [{I i:f> IQ$11 q 1-1 fi'I cl I I
-:ft fil Ilfl:Cfj,,;, I cl I f.'! 3Rfi'!urr. Three texts on Perfections of
31cl.!IYIG:, ~ I Wisdom- Extensive, medium
lR if; cft.l Cfj,ffiif- 3Rfi'!urr. and short- Text on the
31 cl.! Iq IG c1"W 3W1Ul 11 f&:: I Perfection of Wisdom contain-
Three mental virtues- Non- ing one hundred thousand
covetousness, non-harm and not verses is the extensive one, text
holding wrong view. on the Perfection of Wisdom
containing twenty thousand
Jl'\''\5'\'~51'q'IIJ~51f ;·i!Jiij°i!i'&l '\' 'JQ.. c!J '\. verses is the medium one and
~'\1 ;·i!J~'i!J'C,~''JQ.'c!J'\'~'\1 ;· text on the Perfection of
Wisdom contaimng eight
i!J~. ~"'. t c:.. QJ'l:J~ i!i''Ja.· c!J '\.~'\I thousand verses is the short one.
89
Set of Three
~Ql·~·. ,~ 1 ;151 ( '\·s'\·:1r;1) ~o;· and the

unobstructed
unattached and
qualities
<II "1"-.""1·1:1;so;·~11 concerning the present.
?!<IT f.114~01:- ~:. $11'1't (ftrrn":). ~..,.~.....,~..! tl'l·~·di·<!] 51'lii:J'"1 tl'l·~·
:!<'\'161~-clfa I
cl'R f.1,pfl ~ . "$1T'1 (ft.ml af·"1~11
<fm :!'\' 161 I Ril f.1q: m>T:- 3ljli'I' I:,
Three-fold object-perceiver-
Sound,
person.
consc1ousness and
3lfall1'1~-clfa I
cl'R l1cf>I~ *m>l-
11!!1ll1'1 ~ 31fall1'1 I
ci:l·~1N·"1'<1.~1N·<1·11j~&lj ~·1:1~"i."¥1"1"l.CJ"l' Three types of yoga- Anuyoga,
Mahayoga and Atiyoga.
"''\IN·<1·'\i::.· I 51·~i::.o;·<1·'\i::.·1 '\.'1/•.:§i::.·
<Qilj'ljilj'IIJ~51\ ~~1 '!:l"i.<11 ~i::.·f1:1&1·~11
1:11.\·'\(&I'~51 &1·~· 51· ~"1 &1·51·i'I] &1·CJ. ii) :J'i &1 ·
~ur:- ~. ~. "ffi'ci ~ I
~·"1~<!]&I.CJ."';."1 '<1~11
~ 11ur- ~. ~ <fm~1
::fl~I ancl~lcf>$11'11f.'I (4'1~1 The three principles (according
aicl ~I cf>lf.'I $<ii $11'1 lf.'I)- 3@lcl- to Samkhya School)- Rajas
,i,
Stcl.-/.l 1•rn fa §a $11'1 c; ~1'1 't, 3f'IT- (Motility), Tamas (darkness)
and Sattva (lightness).
1TftStcl .--1.l fi ' I 11 l1 fa g c'1 $11 '1 c; ~j '111,
'
11~"1 "iStcl .-i:ifi• 111 l1 fa §c'l $11 '1 c; ~j..j "'-"''i'\·'f''IIJ~"1·i·fq-'\?;"i·"1~"1J ij,r
~I
31 cl ~ I if> "$1"R ("$1"R "fl 'H 1- Eflf)-
cfJT (jj I'14 cpl
?J'i.(11
"'"f%a ~ 3ll1fa§a ™· -q,_cf1-J I ~a +ll t<l lci I f.'olcf>I:
-;fll":
31 '1 I' I a cf5T61 <li1" "1 I'14 c/iT 311-rllllf:- ~:.

" ' "f% a ~ 3111 fag a ™ <fm 311i11 <li/>1161~ft 61:, 31 lil 1<1$11'1-
cl ct 111 '1 i/> I61 ~I
"'"[%a ~ 3111faga
cli1" "1 I'14
The three unshared qualities of

™I
c/iT
~ "SJl~ci
311-ill'i'
*
3tlill<l ~.
~ t<llcllP::lcf>
the wisdom of Buddha- The 311<114 i/>'161~ft61 <fm 311<11<:i

unattached and unobstructed $11'1'1'1f I
qualities concern-ing the past, The three Acharyas from
the unattached and unobstructed Eastern India- Achiirya Santa-
qualities concern-ing the future,
90
Set of Three
rak~ita, Achiirya Kamalasila and

Achiirya Jfiiinagarbha.
!·o1,lo1~r.,,-~l!j''·J"~i:;·1
,;i:;·111,:;111· !Ill. ~o1·<1·"JiolJ Cl~ ·~ '1/' ,i'l:,;c::
'-l~ll
111,:; 111 ·®111 1 I
i'l!J 111· 1·~-"'"·111,:;111· ®111 1
Ul<;''il
t"I·~l!J111· 'Ii' ,it,;i:;.111,:;111· ®111· ci ;,;111· ~1 r
f "I'~·l!J"l111'~ 111·r.ia: ~l!J'"1 "-i ·"-.;: ci·1i:;·
~: g~~~=- ~ 0 -illfl'i-
~ fl1cj,1'!,:, q •h1 IRfl 'i~ <'11c/>'.'l,<i;:, i ·ci·~ 111· "li.l.' ~ l!j" "1 :!ll!j" r.J' 'l'j""I'~ 111·r.ill..
Wi'11Y"'1fl'i~,iic/>'.'l,<i;~il I ~!!]'<I~[[
$r l-1<!>1'{ ci, g~~~- l]"U,i;]-
'(-i<i_ ~I ~,iic/>1'!,, q•fill-l'i-fl<f~I I) RIEi I fcml- 1£41-ii ~,SQ Fc1 ci I,
~<'11 c/>1'!, ~ '(;11 i'i Iq "'1-fl if~ I 3JY'{i-ii~"Qfc1cil. fll'8i1a1<1fc1cil ~ I
~ <'11 c/> 1'i, I qf
Three types of Solitary 1£4"1 '"l q Ifl $111 'fll fcrw, 't<'<,!98:
Realizers- The Rhinoceros-like g10\'"11: ~ :,ll'i«-1 fm-n.
Solitary Realizer, the sociable 3ITWl8i 11 $11 '1 'fll fcrw ~ I
Solitary Realizer and the tft.r l-1 I'{ <il't RI ci I- '£cl I-ii ~"Q
Solitary Realizer of the stream- "$1'R, 3JY'{l-ii~"Q "$1'R ~
enterer. ~"$1'RI
"lIT
~"1-~il\·"1io11 ~111·~-~l!J'"-~"II '?i111·~-
'£cl "1'""l cfi f.'! q I·H
"$1'R, cITT
~l!J-~"I r ari:;111·g'i-~-~l!J-~"l-~11 ~-~ ~ g10\'"l cITT "$1'R
~ 3ITWI cITT am ~ cITT "$1'R I
f?Ji RIEi 1: RI <'.I IEI '{ 1:- s: cl.I Fc1 .:11 m:. Three types of knowledges-
<!>l<1fc1.:11m:, ·,n11fc1.:11t1,~i!R, I
Knowledge of beginningless-
tfi.r l-1 I '{ ci, RI <'.1 IEI '{- i;cl!- ness, knowledge of endlessness
~ - cliT«-~ ~ 'IWT- and knowledge of the exhaust-
~I tion of contamination.
Three types of Knowledge- OR
Holder- Knowledge-Holder of Knowledge of the existence of
substance, Knowledge-Holder previous lives, knowledge of the
of body and Knowledge-Holder death-transference and rebirth,
of wealth. and knowledge of the exhaust-
tion of contamination.
91
Set of Three
"JIN'~&l'<l'"J,'51J 1 ''<."JIN\ "J~C:.' . '<-'-''l!jQI'~'51'"],'51\ '!j ;!I!] IN':l)' '<.C:.' Q ~ QJ \

~"llN! ~"llN'~'~"ll!J'~l! '\~'~''\C:.'''!j'~i>j' ~l!jlN'~'~C:.'<:! ~QJ \
-::fl fb I <11 cl I f.'I q, 14 '!1, C'l 'i, ~ - r.\'oi QJ. "J ~r:,·9 .~ C:. Q ~ QJ' Q ..SIN'~\ \
c/i cl 'l , Ri rn c/i 61 ilfi'r I
cft.l" <'!-
'
o=t
"
~-"c/i"c'f qfc/,-"c/i"c'f
...:, , ~ .:i
"'"'.il\!
~ fcmr-'[c'! I i1N·111·~r::.·1:J~QJ\ lQQJ'~'~C:.'Q~QJ\
Three types of family- Family of
body, family of speech and ~·"l~r::.·9·~c:.·1:J~QJ'ilfll
family of mind.
~-
RI fi'lt1 '1. "'q I~ (crnu!T).
~IIJIN'"J,'51\ ~ '<:!~i>j' ~I!]IN'<11\' ~ !!]IN''\C:.' \ c/il<11~ (<Im, ~= ~).
'l_<ii_<i~ i\fi'r I
~:(1\·~"1111 ! <1ii1\'~"llN'~ '!!]~!.!'OJ!! qf
?t"i f'b I <11 cl I f.'I (,;~cl I f.'I )- u4c/i1111~. q,141•11""11"1 ~ .
"ff11.l I' Ic1 c/i..:, cl 'l' , cl ~ c/i...:, cl '1,' q "A c/i...:, cl i;lioc/ic11~ ilfi'r I
ilfi'f 1 cft.l l,l<l>I~ <l>°r ~ (QTW-
,;;i. cft.l <11<'1- o~-'[c'!. qfcr?[ -ms! c#t ~ (crnu!T),
q(,1-'[c'f "cil!ff -q-"Q"-'[c'f I ~11-llRc/i ~ (c1m. '11"l,'1 ~ )
The three families- Tathagata om rJ.f.&lll'<i ~ 1
family, Vajra family and Padma m
(lotus) family. u4c/i111 c#t 3lft<!a. ~11-llRc/i JM'i
c#t 3TI1<!1" "i'1m c; 16 "t c1 ~ I
~IIJIN'"J,&1''51qfil\·ci'1 r.\E,,'51' '\SC:.IN l !jil\."IN' Three types of relics- Relics of
!!]!I!!] IN\ ''!j'i>j'~:(~\ \ sacred wntlng (Retention
Formula), relics of bodily parts,
~~
.:,
~ : '{lffq>f:- 'l5Fil~:
'~ , such as hair, nails etc. and
3!<'1<:'llRl,ci~cl~:. c1~q1fil1~-<1fa I multiplied relics.
tfFr <11t'IT "ii, tfFr ~1:-t - ~~. OR
3lclc11Rl,ci~cl~ "i'1m q~q1fil11 Relics of Dharma-kaya, relics of
The protectors of the three physical parts and relics of the
families- Mafijusri (the lord of cremated body.
wisdom), Avalokitesvara (the ~r::.·1:J·s·~Q1·9,151 \ lil\''l'\"l''l'\"l'"'~'\·~·
lord of compassion) and
Vajrapa1,1i (the lord of might). OJIN. "1' '!j ~"J 'q1,_. ~C:.' Q' '\C:.' \ "\ QJ'lj. Q' 'l'\ '!j'
92
Set of Three
."1 "i' ~·F l!,l' ai °'. ~·9~9·CJ"-·a.i l!,l'CJ"-. .a., l!,l' :, ~:<!lilc;.-?1llfY~I:,
~ c)c;.-i1llfY~i~iJfa I
~.;·CJ I ~ 9a.· {·a.,l!,l·~i;·CJ· ~ ·9~a.1·~11 cft;r ll if> I x q} ~ - "$1"R cl';
'=l<l': lfl ' ll ~1$1 ll :- c; Ill $ «11 fi'l i<1 ffl '1" '3 i;-<1 '"i 31 '1 I{lq ~ .
~:. ~ «llfi'l<'<l 3f$1"R cl'; ffl '1" '3 i;-{1 nj ™~c:
~ : , nM' mrtj mi'[ I ~ <f111l Pi"'1"'1 (Pix<laT) ~ I
,it 'll ,1-11.:i <!>"t cft;r ~ - "lfT
c; Ill cfi cnT "«1<t "cfil" «11 >fl cl'; ~ ,(j<!l c;- ,4 i) c; '11 ll c; I'1 ffl cf@l
tj ~ i/>{'11, ~ cnT ~ . ~:-mc;--{i i) c; '11 ,rc;r,, ffl
"«1x <ITTll iii '1 I'11 I Three types of contacts-- Contact
Three ways of transforming a through wisdom, the unconta-
thing into an object, which a minated contact; contact
monk may use- By means of through ignorance, the deluded
considering the benefactor contact; and an indifferent
himself as the owner, by means contact through neither.
OR
of considering the steward
himself as the owner and by Contact giving rise to pleasant
means of ceremonial rituals and feelings, contact giving rise to
unpleasant feelings and contact
rites
g1vmg rise to neutral or
~9·<r~a.1·9~51! ~9·CJl:l.·~9·CJ''l9'CJ'5l1'<Ji indifferent feeling which is
neither pleasant nor unpleasant.
a.i· ~9· 1:,11:l_. ~ 9· CJ' '19' CJ' l i;.Clill!,l' CJ I ~.
"<""i'199'5'9~"'l 1,a.,·~1;1!,J'CJl:l.'iCJ'CJI
9~ l!,l'"I' a.i· ell&,. CJa.. ~ i:ii·CJi{H
~l!,l'CJQ.'iCj'CJI f 511!,l'"-~i:ii·~·iCj·CJi{II
Cllt;.'o,l
Cllt;.'o, l
Cj~'Cj'!l;'C\~"-·~·~i:ii'CJj ii:ii·CJ~"l·!i;·
~i:iil!,l'iCJ'1!;'j 'li'91!,l'iCJ'1!;'j 1"'0,'~Cj'
"'~"-'~'~9'CJ! Cllj!;' f &11!,l'!!;'C\~ "-'~'
Clill!,l'.:i'll
~i:ii·CJi{!!
'=l<J: >II •fl1fffifurr:- ~~II c!x "I l-J
Gi~IOI: ~ : - $11'1fY~f"1: 31'11>lM- $1lllc!{"l"l, fll-JIY,lllc!{Oj mi'[ I ,•
~:. 31$11'1fY~i"1: Rl-c>itefY~f. qf
Pi,<l&ifY~i~ilfa I
qf
93
Set of Three
-dR TJTTt-,;r Ul- cfc,i~llq,01, Three types of result of action-

~l.11q~OI cl11:!T fFil4c,i1Hq,01 I Fruitional results (fully matured
<IT result), causally concordant
~-311q,01. t1S1fat1 a11q,01 om result (results corresponding to
fral-3Jlq~OI I its cause) and owned result
Three objects to be negated on (environmental result).
the path- Delusive obscuration "1.,.11],il.T\ '\~'QQ.'"'l~I .l:l·'\~"QQ.'"'l~I
(obscuration to liberation),
obscuration of wisdom (obscu- .l:l·"l ilf·"a.·o.i ~· ~I I
ration to omniscience) and
obscuration to absorption. "IC.'<\\
OR
~~·i·o.i~1 r."r~-o.i~1 cll'\·i·o.i~·~11
Obstruction through attachment,
obstruction through obstacle "IC.'<\!
and obstruction of the lower.
"~ "-~r.·"'~.r--~ o.i~1 t"l'"to.i·~r.·
<>:isr!·"l1if~ar"l,il.T\ ~~·"'§r.·1 :;r.·
"-~"·~·o.i~ I "Ii r.· { ii.!~·~r.·"'~"·~·o.i~·
~ il.T~·o.iil.T I cq r.· '\"l 'qa_. '.l/' "itl I
~II
?f&: 'l>;!~•ll•lf:- f.'r:f1~01'illf:,
~ : . f1h4't1fz~ilfa I "IC.'"il
"ffR '11;!"& TJTTf - f.r: f1, 0I'i I' f. a.i(r.·r~·~r.·"'~"·~·o.i~1 a~·'l~·!r.·
~ om tih4'l1fz 1
The three principal ways- "'~"·~·o.i~1 "'l<\"':!JC.~""1"1<\'"'l"~<;"C\~"-'
Renunciation, way to the attain-
~·o.i~-~11
ment of enlightenment and
correct view (entrance into the Rt rctli "cf>lf- cg~lcic/,4,
state of nirvfu;ia) 3l'!j,~1 ci ct,i:\, 3ltl ci q-,,:j -irfu" I
"l~-~-"-!i''r~-~il.f-q'"l,il.Tl ~il.f'~'l·~·"-!i~·~· cfT
et, 1~ et, et, 4. q IRi et, et, 4. i'H'<'a et, et, 4
'\r.· I ~-il.T!J.<\'~·"-!i~·s1 "'\"1·2i7:l.·"-!i~· -irfu- I
-
S"-11
~i'.ll i1 c: 4i 1.1 et, 4.
cfT
~: i'.ll i1 c: "1"1 1.1 et, 4.
RI rctti Fil q Iet, q, ci '1,
cplf q, c-1 'l- '3U;e11 c1 c; ..\i 1.1 et, 4 -irfu- I
f.'! !Sll .,-; q, ci '1, ~ -irfu" I cfT
"ffR Sl<l>I~ ~ <1>sf'bc1- filq1q-,- ~ - ,aqq;s:ii)c;41,i
11ic'T, f.'! !Sll ;.,-; q, c-1 om ~ 1 <1)1'\, 31 q , cl c; "1"J 1.1 et, 4 -irfu" I
94
Set of Three
cft.r l,I if> I i( cg'"1f ----i3t I i-1 I li' -
31 ig ~ Ic1 cfi"lt ~ ~ cfi"lt I fuai 1-J I oII cfi 311 'ii t4, n1"1§: cf
m ~ er; 3ll'ill4 ~ "\j"q-
cfi I ~ cfi, cl IR1 cj, l'fm ~ t1 ff! cfi fi AF·i n1"1§:31T cfi 311 tj 14 I
c1J1t I Three types of masters of
m ordination- Master of proba-
tt{Slclc;'"l1'1 cli"'t, ~:{Slclc;'"l1'1 clJlt tionary nuns, master of monks
~ "(3"qll11 cl c; '"1111 c1J1t I and nuns, and master of fully
m ordained monks and nuns.
<rc-t1>lclc;'"11'1 cli"'t, '3qqtJ-
cl c; .-11 ii clJlt l'fm 31 q , q1.1 \ 1.1
(q~'illt1, "cfilc'!)-clc;4l,i c1J1t I 31·sci\·oi cl\. ,ri:.·'1·'\i:.·r ar"l'"l ii)31· ,ri:.·<J~r 1
Three types of action- Virtuous
?11~1 <l>l~if>cr,'tl<'llf.'l- ~1011R'l-
action, Non-virtuous action and
q It1 fc1, fc'l:, 31 c; ct-11 c; I'i fc1, fc'l:, "cfiT',-
Unfluctuating action.
OR
f?rv_i I'ii is: fc1 , fc'l ~ -tj fc'l I
Physical action, verbal action cft.r if> I ~ if> cr,WR- Wei"-~
and mental action. qiT rl!T'T, ~ qiT rllT'T nm
OR cj, 11-J r1 U1 I'ii Is: qiT rllT'T I
Action giving rise to happiness, Threefold virtues of body- Not
action giving rise to suffering killing any living beings, not
and action giving rise to stealing and not indulging in
equanimous feeling. sexual misconduct.
OR
Action bearing fruit in th;.; ~l!l·~·il·'\ii1·cr111'!ii51J ii:rr111i\<ir 31·sci\·
present life, action bearing fruit
in the next life and action oi cl\· l~if>lcr,'tl<'llf.'l- ~1011R'l-
life. i:mr:, 3lc;ct'11c;l'i'l, ~ -
'
'ii is: ~-tj R'l I
cft.r if>l~if> ~WR- Wei"-~.
'\<f,y'\"-' r ~i:.11,r J\~ "''"lei\!!I'~-i ,:r '\<Icl\1 3lc;CT11c;1'1 nm cj)t1-JR1ui1t11-: 1
<l~ci\f"ll!l·~·i<l·'\.rcl\·~ ·"l'!i"l·.:rr r Threefold non-virtues of body-
Killing living beings, stealing
8,ifciq: <t>Jtfillli':- fuai1-J1°11111: and indulging 1n sexual
311'ill4:, ~: 3ll'ill4 misconduct.
~ 3ll'ill4~-<1R'l t
95
Set of Three
,41· · ';!~· ·111~c::8'1S' ~ l,l<l>I~ <f>l'l~UIITll~-

"11fi, "Wirf!T. fcll fi'l-"Wirf!T cl"W
"1 ~c::·o1·1 ~·o1~11 l'TB-"Wirf!T ~ ~ c/, 11-1 fi'l Ul Itl"
<l>l'lt'1 ~ : 1},<'1'11->llf:- #~ -gt;n I
lJUFl'lltl:, ~{i'l~'<lf<l I Threefold sexual misconducts-
~,~.,,~ -4' fll£l'll'l ~ Misconduct against those who
~m- <'1c1«: ~. are guarded: by the fan1ily, by
the master and by religion and
'lm, ffi"'l '1m I
custom.
The three main channels of the
body- Central energy channel, ~~·,;,ci·~&rll],i!JJ i~''J'"l'!J'~C::'<:!~~~·
right energy-channel and left
energy-channel. r,ci I cil!Ji!J''J'"l'!J'~c::·cii\.·~~·r,ci I ci tfoi·
ar9·r"l·'\S·5i·9,i!J1 "I '!J'"-Q~·"I· ar111·'J.,. 'J' "I~'~ c::. QQ·~ ~. r,Q.2i11
'/i'•l'1c::·1 Cl~.!i''J'"l'<>ill]''J"' 'li''l'1C::'J 11-i' t11c::·,1
oil111·"r ar111·CJ"· 'Ii'ci~11 ~-i'1i!J'f\ll]l!J'tJi\.·~~·r,ci I ':\-ifci:(9~·<:Ji\.
P.>i fllEI 1: ~'ell:- cjj 4 q, A
~~·.,ci1 o)i!Ji!J' 0 -i·~ \-i·s 1·<:Ji\.·~ ~·r,ci·
fiw:rr- ~:. ~ ~ .
Gi~~:! fi'rui11~~ilf<l 1 2i11
~ l,l<l>I~ ~ ftr~~-
P.>ifllEII 11~- ~c11-1q~ m.
cjj4Lf5C'1 "ff ~ ~ . p., " ~
1c1'f111-1q1 m. 'l-JlcF111-1q1 m '<I 1
~ "ff ~ fi'rUJl'i_~ cl"W
qf
~-Tc"!"ff~ fi'rUJl'i_~ I
fi ~ f<l Qf<l q fili Q$1 I, 1:R"ITiciJ;m'r-
Three types of wrong views-
Those concerning the action and q fili Q$1 I, tit'cl cjj 0!-11 oI!.l f<l q fA-1 !.l $1 I
its result, those concerning the 'I~ ~ lJ~- ~c11-1q"I
Three Jewels. J;f$!1, ~ 'f1 l'-l q~ m '1W
'l-11<1'111-1ql m I
ar9•9iil &f ~i!J·q·9,i!J1 ~ ll1~. ~l!J·ci ~ii::: '!J' 'J'
"llT
1c::·1 Cl1ll]'CJ~'Cl'/l:C:: ~''J'1C::'J l ~·~'!J' fi~f<l !.l f<lqfili-m. 1:R1TI2f-
ci '!l:c::~· 'J' le::'i!J ~oi·~·arll1''J"' l 1 iiloi·'J~11 !.l f<l q fili-J;f$!1 cl"W f1 <t'cl c/, 0!-11 o1-
Q[<l Q~-m I
P.,i fllEI: Ill ~Ul ITI I~:- "11fi,- Three types of wisdom- Wisdom
~. ~ . ~ acquired through hearing, the
'11, c/, 11-1 fi'l Ul IiN oi ilfcr I wisdom acquired through
96
Set of Three
contemplation and wisdom -111 <f'l "ifll'!lGfll' <!fr cft<f

acquired through meditation. ,i;lfq,f.'llli- '11,1,i;1Rh4'1, ~-
OR ., I <'12!T tj~
.,; IRh~ -;fl .,; IRh~
'ii I
Wisdom realising conven-tional Three Qiikini-practice in the
phenomena as really non- Sakya Tradition- Naro .QakinL
existent, wisdom realising lndra c,lakinI and MaitrI <;lakinL
ultimate phenomena and
wisdom realising the welfare of 'N-9~1111 'N·i{<!] oi·~c:·r oi·aii{rr
sentient beings.
?f"lIT 1fcll: (c1) if>I:)- Yl<11c1'j,
'N":ft·'\'l]'"-"Q'~llfllJ~lllj 11,ri <\'':I<\''\'IJ'<' '1jtl.1 <'11 cp: (11 fl-l<'llcti:). e ckflc/i-
~c:·irr ,:iij\'1111oi·l·afr SJ<!]Ol'CJ'®"l' (m:) ~ I

cft<f 1=J'q ("<'lt<1>)- q1a1c1. '1jtl.1-
111~'1-~rr "c'll<!i (-,,-fl-! "c'll<!i) <'12!T ~ "c'll<!i
(m) I
~: iH I ifll "].<kl I -il I ll f:- f1 IB'1 Three worlds- Nether world
~ 13i;,;q'1 (1092-1158), *11'1'1 (subterrestrial world), terrestrial
'El1lt (1142-1182), ~ '5'1YI world (human world) and
1llc1U'1- (1147-1158) ~ I
celestial world (heaven).
iH I if"l-"ifll'llGfll' <f> cft<f ="].~if~c1
311-il 1,f f1 IU '1 cg'TT 131 .,; l!l 'Nc:'N·t'N·~·,:i,~·~..,.CJ-9~111 r "'"1'<\"1'
(1092-1158), ,1'1.,'1
(1142-1182) Tim ~ ;,;11q1
"'iJ;lIT 9~c:oi·CJ8.·,:i•ir1r so\·~ oi·"lli,:ioi·CJa.·
1 ll<'IU'1 (1147-1158) I <1'1"' I ~ oi·'\'i· <!]<\c:·,:i8,· ,:i"l;{I I
Three lay masters of Sakya
I) fi'IE( $ <I'; q tj '1 't- c/i Odl <ffi -
Tradition- Sachen Kiinga
cli1'1'\, o!fuf&-lt1cl'il'1'\, ~-
Nyingpo (I 092-1158), Sonam
Tsemo (1142-1182) and Jetsun ffl ~ I
Dakpa Gyaltsen (1147-1158). cft<f II if> I ~ <f> $ <1'i q -ii '1- c/i odl <ffi
"cfi1"'1', ~ "cftj"'1' <'12!T ~
'N"!~·Olf'l"l.'j\{'"-·9~1111 ~ -~·1111""'' J'\ I "cfi1"'1' I
Three types of Buddha's
C§l~~-1111""'' I'\I &1'~'1111""''!\\11 Teachings- Spoken Teachingss,
tl Iifll iH i\l <::Ill t4 ~ : ,i; Ifq, .-lJ :- Blessed Teachingss and
'iro .,; Ifch 'il ,l-i;.,; Ifch 4'1, ~ Approved Teachings.
.,; Ifch.,~ I
97
Set of Three
111,;Ill'!Ill' '51'1l''l'''\'"f~ilf 111Ill' Bodhisattvas are the sons of his

mind.
<i111111111· r.p,·51 ~51·'11 l 111·1·<ii 111 ·<1•;
111,;111·!lll'~!l)'lj'f'lq·q.,p·q~;q·q,;lll'"f~ilf
51~51''11 q_ffi'·qq\~·!1''1"-'&1'11''1~11
ffi'c::·rs ._. !"'·<jq·F"''j. *"'·<i'·ai·! 111'",!!JIII'
ftra: !4ifl'ldl:- ~
,1'idl, '1itcf>ll1\.ll'<l1 fPH11, g~'<l", 111·slll'ry .<l'll"-' <l i· "JC::.lf1 '!:!OJ'
\.l Ifillcf>c"ll I"l fl'id I 1*f I
"IC::Ill''I'M,.~-!"''<i'·~· c::~.a)",'~111·g~. <l", 9.
!'4' 'If f.'I t'.l >t I 'l cfR t1 >ta Iir-
"ffl'lffi-fi 'tl l1 ii fl '1 <11, <V1 if> 1l1- 5111·~ '<l'l1'1.'Qi·111~111·q·"ic::·1 !"l'<i''ll}'
>!W<f ii fl '1 <11 <fm !.II fil Iif> c"ll IoI
ii fl'1<11 I 1111·g~·,:i",9·5111·ry '<:11'1.'Q i·111~51''1'111(\
Three equalities in Buddha- \11
Equality in accruing accumu-
lations, equality in achieving the ftra: 414i ti, Fl a l1 :- ~ : 3"i!T<1-
Dharmakaya and equality in
doing welfare to sentient beings.
~ : fcllfi'litj
. . xl"1'J~ '!,[~-
fl, na: 311 lll "1 '1 '1. ~ : 31~~"'11=cf>=fll~
~~
'
.
1q. '![~,I'~r
fellfi'litj ~~llcll'l'I~ f'Gcf1l1fi•fta:
111,;111·t111·~·'![111·~ll''l'"f~111
31141 "1 '1''\. ~: if> f-1 tcf> fl1
111M,'"-~~ I 111 ~c::. 9. '!l 111' ~ ~·~111''f: "- c::· fcl Ifi'I itj 1.f1 l1 fi , h a 311 l11 "1.-i
1*1'1
111,;Ill'!1111 cfR ~-"fl', Fl RI l1 i- ""11 3"i!T<1-
"J'l~II ~ cl> fel Ifi'I M ii , I"1 'J i5 ii ~
fi' h fa qi'[ 311111 "1 '1 ""11 31 ~ 11 if>
<fii t'll ~ RIEi 1: l];,IT:- if> Ifll <f>'.1-.:li cl> fel Ifi'I M ii ~ ~ 11 Jl ii ffi dl l1
,1§,"1:, cJIRl<f>'.1-.:ll: \.lfllcf>1'1,'l"II:, fi , h fa qi'[ 311 41 "1 '1 Tim ""11
~<1 fttcf>g'.:l 1: mfu flfi'P I o11~-clfa I if> f-1 tcf> cl> {<II fi'I M ii ~
~ et cfR !,I q; I~ et 1];'31- ~,1=s="1 fi•hfa I
'3 .--1<1> if> Ift! if> T-'! '51, \.l ,11 cf>- The three Buddhist Councils-
g<i'i ' I oI '3 '1 $ cl IRJ if> T-'! # Tim The first council held at
~ '3'1$ '11.--Jfl T-'! # I Rajagrha sponsored by the King
Three types of sons of Buddha- Ajatasatru, the second council
Rahula was the son of body, the held at Vaisa!I sponsored by the
Hearers and the Solitary King Asoka and the third
Realizers (Self Buddha) are the council held at Patliputra
sons of his speech and the sponsored by the King Kani~ka.
98
Set of Three
il&1"'1'Q!'\'~af<l],&I\ ;<rJ"'1'!;'~·~0.·.il&1"'1' end and the full knowledge of

extreme limit of the four maras.
<lfil '\ l &11)5,''J' ~·~/.l.·.il&1"'1'Clfil'\ I t 01 ·cr
il&1G1'l55,'0.oi'O.~'i'lll~&I\
~·~1l_·.il&1"'1'C1fil1\11
CJ~\5,oJGI' ~'\"'Jf "1"'1'~'\''Ja:'f f
P-1 f.'lti ~ ii ctn c'l I i:; :-
q '!),4 IciFfi fF-l- f-q ctth-ll Ic;:, "\llfill'-JI -Jlfill Sj'{Olcfil'{Ollf.'t-
'-l Ifcl cfi ifl 'l f-q <-fll ill Ic; :, ~:a-J<[:, :l;'<faT<r:, q,i:\&11.1 ~-t1Rl I
x 101 ifl 'l f-q <-fll ill Ii:; ~ -t1 fa I "lllfill<ff <!ft ~ et
~ cfil'{•I
~ i.t q, I'< ,t; f1I rn) c'l I i:;- ~ cfiT aT<f iran. :rn:r
cfiT aT<f
q '!),4 IC'1 cfi c/, ifl 'i ~ I f-q <-fll ill Ic; , "ITT'-l1 TIW q,i:\ cfiT aT<f "ITT'-l1 I
'-l Ifcl cfi c/, ifl 'i ~ I f-q ct11 ill Ic; TIW The three causes of death-
<T"1T c/, ifl 'i ~ I f-q ct11 ill I c; I Exhaustion of life span, exhaus-
Three types of mind of the tion of merits and exhaustion of
enlightenment- A shepherd- action.
like mind of enlightenment, a .iloJGl''\'JO.'<l],ai"Ql<l]"'I! '\"'1' £"111· .il &1"'1'
boatman-like mind of enlighten-
ment and king-like mirid for '\'l"-f ci)·~ "'1'.il oJ"'l''\'l"-f ~,;·'i:, ·o.~.;,·
enlightenment.
.il&11S1'1'Ja:'1l
ilfz;"'1·~·~"'1·'J 1 s·&1/.l.·&1~a·~·ilfZ:,"'1' ~·
P-1 f.'l Ei ifl-fcl 'l' - . ™-
ifl 'l 1.1 ifl-fcl 'l ,
ifl-fcll-\. ~ l'!fi'r I
~"'l''J I <1~1·,:i~/.l.·~·ilfz;"'1·~·~"'1·'Ja:'11
~ \I if> I'{ et
"ifl(q- "fl'-l"ll-"f'rrq,
™-"f'rrq TIW ifl 'l Iltr-"f'l"-fcl I
F.Rf: ifl rr<l fi'l El I :- 'i,qi 'fl cfi1fe:- Three types of beings (sattva)-
4 R;,, 1,-11:. 314'< 1'fl <!>ll'e:4 R;,, 11.11 :. Commitment being, wisdom
il\l,'llx<!>'1fe:4 R;,, 11.11 ~<1 Rl I being and concentration being.
\11 fil 1<ff <!ft ~ ,-,f.'l,-,,£.l~lri\{-
.il<11·1;a·1S·qr \.;,·~· .il01·<1 1 ~cl:.il <>J'<lf
g_q \'f1 cfi'1 fe: "ifiT 4R;,,1.,, 314-<l'fl-
~ cfiT 4 R$11 '-l TIW "il"R ~ '\''\<l]<l]'~ '.il<>J'Cla:'!l
re
'l Ixcfi1 1.11' cfiT 4 R $11 '-l I
314)15: P-lfi'lEI:- 31,mi:m,:, '.!<i:(1.14li',:,
Three types of knowledge of
~ x-l "'1.1 ~ fa i1t1 Itfh, ~-;-i f2l I
sentient beings- The full
knowledge of extreme limit of
~ \I if> I'{ et 31 q) 15 312T 3ll1Ti5",
the beginning, the full know- ~ 3lllTi5" TIW ~ ifl "'1.1 ~ f2l lit!
ledge of extreme limit of the 3lllTi5" I
99
Set of Three
Three types of eliminative

phenomena- Meaning elimina- ,1•1a~1111011-
tive phenomena, mental elimi- ~ 4 q~I \.1101 I fi1 q It1:, ~-
native phenomena and non- q~1111011fi1q1c1~t1fi1 I
affirming negation. ci'R M<t>I'< ifi "\11Dlllfl41d-
!l'\""l""l,&!J ~a_-~'j'<I\ ,:ia_-~'j'<I\ ilia_. '11'1q~I \.ll"llfi141t1, ~qq~I
111011Fi1- qJ(f om ,i)gq~1
~'\·"l~II 111011fi1q1c1 I
Threefold ways of killing- Those
"IC:'i\1
done through: Attachment
"-\'\'<la_. ~'\'<l\ 9~9~·~· ~'\'r,i I hatred and close-mindedness.
.
9~9 ~-3l ''\'~- ~ '\. <1~11 f r:r'\qi\'"l'J&!\ '\~'~"l'!'lCJ''\q'il "l~'
"Jfq: Gl~l':I:- ~:. ~:. ~-i CJ''\?S'i I 9~c:·~·f-i·r,ia:gj'CJ·'\?S'i·
~I CJ~~·af11
<IT
~:1lcf:.~:1'fc[:, Gl~l':I: 3Hill'i':- ~ : .
3ffitltITTlT: ~ q ~t1 F/1 I i:fi4i:fi,1t114 om ai1~11+F11-
ci'R l1<1>1~ ifi "Jfq- ~-1lcf, "<!T<t I
'1 :),"'1-1lcf ~ 'fl'T-1lcf I ci'R l1 I~ ifi 311 ill 'i' - \3'4lUll<f
m 3!1t114, i:fi4<f>, 3!1t114 om
~-~~~ 31:),~ll{FI 3!1'<114 I
cfi 1lcf I Three types of master- Master
Three types of existence- who gives novice vows
Existence of Gods, existence of (preceptor), master who gives
human beings and the existence ritual guidance (announcing
ofNiiga. preceptor) and master who
OR gives instructions confidentially
Existence of desire realm, (secret instructor).
existence of form realm and
formless existence. "l~"'!."1-'l'~"'\El3i"Cf"1'J&!\ ':!~' '\El3i'<I\ .
f 111·111i'1·cr~&1'<!'"1,&1] "-\'\·a;9~·~· i· "-9''\El'i'r,il ~&1~''\cl-i·r,i~II
'i~·~9·91'\'"l\ ~. '!!"'~. i· 'i ~-~9·91'\' d"?l{'ll Gl~EI: ~4<1>:- cf>lflicf>-

fcl~i:fi:,. <ll~cf>Fcl~cf>:, '11'1fflcf>-
<i\ 9~·~9·~·(·-i~r~9·91'\·r,i~II Rl~i:fi~tj I
100
Set of Three
~ 31':j,flli! cfR l,l<l>li!

fcrij<1>- c/> I~ c/> fc1 cl c/>, =c1l""Ri=c/> "~ '
31"!• "
nq <111.1a 1. 311' I'1' n
' " m.
4.--JJll
fc1 cl c/> ~ '11 i-J ffl c/> fc1 cl c/> I "" ' "
Hllcii'11 1114'11llcil 'cl I
Three types of isolation (accor- cfR 11) q ..fl 'l t1 I tf "c/>Tll "$1"
ding to Vajrayoga)- Isolation '"
1 rl4'11<lcil. ~ -cr>iA '"
1 rl4•11/1cil
of body, isolation of speech and t1m ~ "$1" •rl4.-flllcil I

isolation of mind. m
"1",;"!."1"'\!;'&1a·qi1·<r11J,&IJ ~,;·q~'i· 31ci "$1" •rl 4 ii"J <l i'1 I. 3fTTT'l "$1"
' "
1 114'111.lcil t1m p., Allcicil ---.-r+
cr>i
<l"]<:\"&I) ~·~'\'"1~"-'&11 ~q·~"'\"1"~,;-~· •flq.f1<1a1 I
~
'l~'j'tJ(.\ 11 Three types of secrecies-

Secrecy of body, Secrecy of
1],lil fs! .g; '11 fl 1-1.1 G I'l t'll fITTr:
qi(J.qi/1:- qi;fi-j' ("c/>-l'f) ~ speech and Secrecy of mind.
c;"J,Jq,u<ii!I. ~ : ~ '344i!H1i!I. OR
'
7Jl'lfm ~<& IcCn c/> q, H1 i!I ~ I Secrecy of meaning, Secrecy of
1!lil ls! ,i;; 'lT i(fl-1,IGTl[ ~ clR oral transmission and Secrecy
4~HJ~lli- 1fcFl ("c/>-l'f) "ft
~ cfttl" q,ui,1. ~ "ft
of certainty.
~ '3"4-4,Hli!I ~ 1J1'lffi "1"i;·qa·1"1"·111,&11 ,i,i;·1 5i;·.:i&1.,1
\
~<i,lc1lc/> 4,Hli!i I
Three lineages of Nyingmapa il]'j'tJ.:i:11
tantra- Distant lineage of ~ fa I 1J.lil I f.'I ~ ~ t1 i: c.!ll fa I
Teachings, close lineage of
hidden Teachings and lineage of
'1""11.Wfi. '1«1cb ~ I
cfR 1J.tU ffi ~"c.!!- ='1w1~1. WI>
profound pure vision.
~ '1«1c/> I
"1",;·1:1·"1,&1J ~a."1",;. <i I "1 '\l,;· ~ ""1 ",;. Three secret white substances-
Marrow, White Sperm and
<iJ !:!"1"·~·"1",;·qil,'11 Brain.
tQl;.'o!i\ "l",;·qa·~"l·'lf"'"l,&IJ ~.,-~.'i~i,i·
~"i'~""1"1t;'<I) ~,;-~""1"1!;"<11 ?."1'tJ1l.· 'If"! ~·"11l.''j~<>l''<f"1 5,;·tq·.:i&1"1"
"1",;·qi{ll ~-'\~"1'<:\f"·(11
flm= •1)q ..fl,i111=- c/>11.1•nq.-r11.1111, ~ fa I 1J.lil 'I a.g i.•11 f.'1- c/J 11.j 'i u'5 <'1 '(.
'" ftj '"
i11"114.--JJlli'11.,f1'114'11llcil 'ii I 'l•1'1U,sc,JJJ. ~Riif1'10,si,j ~ I
'
IOI
Set of Three
~ 1!l'U '1 0 ,j; ('I - cITTll cfiT '1 0 ,j; "1, deity, and secret treasury of the
'l'flT cfiT '1 u;g0 crm ~ cfiT diikas
. and dakin1s.
.
'1 O,s('I I
'1~51'"11iil\'"1ilj~·qq·-9il\""~~·-9~31! ~;·
Three secret mandala- Mandala..
..
of body, mai:i<:lala of Bhaga ti:::·1 .t;·&1;·~;r ~i'"1"''r~ ·-9~3,J·&frr
(female genital) and mai:i<:lala of
Bodhicitta. ~ tfl ~ 1'..!11-'l'>(il : fffil : 't II (';I I :-
-9~"'·i:ia.·'\'ll'~51'r.i·-9~311 -9~i:::·"-~il\·5a·
.
4-llml'llf: ~ : ' ~ I
~ tfl ~ 1'..!11-'l"iP! ~ ~ :t II ;a.i I\[-
crm
~
i~! i:::·1:1;-9·"\i:::·~·;~1 "'"l~·~i:::·-9'-<:' 4flml'll, WlIBR 31~'11°1-

wrr 1
1:1a·;~~rr Three branches of the second
state of meditative stabiliza-
P.l~EI: 1];61:tl i,:- <.l 1$H11$:ttl ~
tion- Little light, bright light
<ll(U:tlj:, ~ ~ 3W-11<"1:tlj:,
and limitless light.
q111~q,ttJ ~ 'J,i:U:tlj:ti:lfa I
~ '\l<IITT <i, 1!l'U ~ - i;ci mm "~"11iil\'i<:'~''\t~·-9~·-9~31J f il\'
lJTI, ,ma ~ ~ 31UTf<"1' ~
&J<:lll'Ui[ '\"1'"1'1:1[ ~-9·&1;-"1~[[
om xT'T 1;ci ~ "Jt.l ~ 1
Three types of secret enemies- '\l' l!l 'll'..!l I-'1 '>(4 : fffil: tl '11 q ct1 ~ :-
Object and object-perceiver are fcrMtc".tl '114 fc'a:, ~<i,tl'i I qfc'a :,
the external enemies, self is the 3l.-Jlflcl+1'114fc'a:ti:lfa I
internal enemy, and attachment '\111.1'11' 1'..!11-'l'IPI ~ ~
and hatred are the secret
.
enemies.
tl'114~~i Fcl'Mtc". *1'114fffi .
~ +l'114R'n om 31.-i1t1c1
-9~i:::·31(;·-9~311 a1·3,J·-9~i:::·3.J(;r &1·;3,J· +l'114fffi I
Three actual absorptions of the
"1"i:::·3-J(; r 3,JF "-'"-sf·"1" i:::·3,J(;\rr first state of meditative
stabilization- Deluded state of
P-l~EI: 1];61<1>) :tl:- TT• 'J,i:Ucf>l:tl,
meditative stabilization, purified
li tc". ~ cl f'!.I '],tu cf>l :t I:, -s Ifcb "'-11: state of meditative stabilization
'J,i:Ucf>l:tl:ti:lfa I
and uncontaminated state of
~ l,l q, I~ <fi l];l'U q,) :t I 1F cfiT meditative stabilization.
"J$! c!>m, i; tc'. ~ cl cfiT "J$! c!>m
crm n cfiT "J$! c!>m I
;g Ifcb .. '1~51'"11iil\''\C:'~'"1il\~'~~·-9~311 iS'<:lll'
Three secret treasures- Secret
treasury of the guru, secret ~"r .ti:::"·iil\ r 3,J~il\·il\'"-~il\·",5"·~1 r
treasury of the meditational
102
Set of Three
Three types of meditative

~tucf>lfI!cf>I:, '1i$1~tul:, ~tu9.,1- stablization- Fault-repelling
~c11~il I meditative stabilization, medita-
"\fill+! Ull'1"IPI et cfR" 3l"1f- tive stabilization of abiding in
~tulcf>lfrlcf>, l-li$1~tul Tim happiness and completely
~tul'.).'<l~c1 I
adorned meditative stabiliza-
Three branches of the first state tion.
OR
of meditative stabilization-
Meditative stabilization of
Brahma, great Brahma and
abiding happily at the visible
Priest of Brahma (In front of
phenomena, meditative stabili-
Brahma).
zation of accomplishing quali-
q--qr'i•'i~If<fllJ~lllf a
"i' c:i;,;111·~..,. <I~ C:. ties and meditative stabilization
of doing welfare to the sentient
QQ,'QIN51'"1'i"i [ <I~ '<1'-'"l"illl''JQ.'<111151' beings.
"J lj "i j 51'',J,111· 'J' :'11
<lli;'"il 'ilc!l'f""l 1·1''1,4 : {I fil I ~1Tlf.!-

3T'fficl>T:, '.)."ll!.1*1<ll:, ~6c'l><'11~il I
51{C:'<IQ.' i'IN'<I~' c:i,;· '!]"i IN''JQ. '.·c:i111;r "l'i "i 1 iil 51111· '5"i·~ · 3R!,c!>, '.)."ll!.1*1cl I al!.!T ~6c'l><'1
Three branches of the fourth
\"i ·s'\.'JQ..<111151'"11"i·~11 state of meditative stabiliza-
l,Q'Ff Gl~E1'1- *1c;lq1qcfi~Ull'11-l, tion- Cloudless, Born of Merit
'
...~'t,
~'\1~>!51.a>~=is:1""R,..,ct>=ui·=1~ ~-
' and Great Fruit.
~ ~ 1 <IINll'IIJ'j"i'"J~lf<la'"J"illl'~IN'IIJ~illj '\~'
qf
~4xj>!5lf<'h,l,Ul1'1'j. 'J"l!.lfa-
~c:·1 iE\3l'\''\~ '\~'!IN'<lillll'"J~"l'~l[
~. ~ 'ii I ~Ull'1"l4: =:flfil1 ~1Tlf.!-
cfR" "\!<!ITT' et Ul I '1 f1 c;I q I q cfi ~ q{lrn~:, 3l!.11-J1°1,g'l-!T:, ~-
UIFI, ,(j,>!5l~i$1Rct>UIFI Tim ffl- clz<'A I~i:1 fa I
~I ~ Ull-l"IPI et cfR" 3l"1f-
q{lrn,g1'f, 3l!.ll-ll"l'11f al!.!T ~-
Gl'cW!iOO"fct5lRUJR,
'.)," I!.I fa- clz<'A I
~~~ I
103
Set of Three
Three branches of the third little speech and disciple

state of meditative stabiliza- respectful to gurus.
tion- Little virtue, Vast virtue
and Limitless virtue. <l!Jl<:1'<1'"11"1! ~OJ'~a.Jl!l'~''l~<J''-11 ~c.·
i:i~'\·~1!1111·5·1:1~·'\{111·?f·"11"1! g~·r.i·OJl!-I' ~·~"i'~'C]~CJ'<I\ ~1!-1'<,C]'~'C]~<J''-1~11
§C:'CJ1:l.'CJ~i\~&11!-1 \ ~OJ'~a.Jl!-l'OJl!-l"§C:'CJ1:l.' fcR!: ~JlH J:- ~

'
~an. ~an~ 1
~-ftrm- me'! ctr. tt1-11!u ctr
\ll'.lT J;fW cf5T fmn I
3i&11!-1·~11
Three trainings- Training in
P.;i fi'I El 9, o<I fsb <11 q tqJ;i c; 11 'i <l higher morality, training in
go11ffii<lli1«)., ~~c'll-14 go11ffii111- higher concentration and
~ ''llc1'11'i<l go11ffii<lli1«). training in higher wisdom
~I Cl!Jl<l'S'~5f<l'"11"11 '\"1"rr.i1:l. CJ~C]·s1 !CJ'
1]:U<J'-"tf'<f<l ffl q} cfFr '3 q I <I
~ ~ y'
GR <l 3ITTJIB ;;""<I, mi:'1 cF r.ia.·CJ~C]·sI as·a.i!l"i·~ '<J~C]·s,, II
<l 3ITTJIB ;;""<I \ll'.lT
q I c'l 1 1'fTcr1l
P.iifc'IEIJ ftrlH1- ~ . J;ffi'f-
cF 3P'<lRl "ff 3ITTJIB "9,""<11 qR'fi~lan, ~ a n ~ 1
The three means for accruing
cfFr "!l~ ~ ftrm-
merits- Merits accruing from
generosity, merits accruing ~an. <.1fc1qff\1~1an \ll'.lT
from practicing disciplines, and ~I
merits accruing from practicing The three types of precepts-
sadhana. Precepts of negation, precepts
of cultivation and auxiliary
{<1'51'fS'\'i°lll'"115f~! ~l!-l'"sCl{'Clj ~'CJ' precepts.
'5!C.'Clj ,sj'&l'OJ''!Jl!-l''-1~1[ ~~·9~i!f9~1!1f i6'C.l!l'<lj 'iCJZ::';"1 !!!Cl'
~-ul: tt>Jf.<la: ~lli!l:- cfta:ui- "-~"1'11]1

~R,1-1<1:, ~ . '].<'llc;,cf>~ti I
cfFr '];"ll ~ ~c@ ~ I !ill cfta:uT
~: "!l~<ll:- m. ~:.
yg~ci,~i1Fc1 I
~ c!Tc'IT, ~ Tim Ti cF
J;ffi'f ~-''lli1'11 "ff ~ fmur I
cfFr "!l1J"& ~qc11- m. ~ ~
yg~ci, I
Three types of disciples with
The three main gods- Brahma,
three qualities- Disciple with
Vi~I}U and Maheswara (Siva).
sharp wisdom, disciple with
104
Set of Three
~llj"iSI r::"llj'!iiSlf iSliliif\ ·iSl'"l~ '§c:_ ·CJ<>.· 'll 9' cfA' Y<l>R ~ fc'l q !tll '11- c'11ffUT
51,f<; ., "J<; o;· '1:!'"-a\'"rCJ'Qlo; '§<;.CJa. 'll 9'
xl '3cl1...-J fc1q~ll'11, qifqo11 x't
\j ~ ...--i Fc1 q :t 1.1.:i 1 11m ~ c'll ~ lffUT x'I
51.fc:_·1 ~-~:<..{9o;·<1·coio;·§ c:,·CJa· 'll 111· \3 c'-1...-J Fc1 q :t ll '11 I
iSl'lfc:_·t- II Three types of Special Insight-

Special Insight arising from
~fc'IEII fc'l4:tll'11-
sign, Special Insight of
c'1ei 01 '11.lfclq ~ll"l I,
thorough search and analytical
q ifq 01'1llFc14~1.l '11, ~ c'll~ei 01 '1 ll
Special Insight.
fclq~ll'11 I
105
Set of Four
i<J~"-' "13i''\l:J~' 'l3i'"'~~·

?. ·1 al •·r f 3i' i3i·?.i1 al·"l'"-J!.1''-J' ~ ·f s9· ~J!.11 ~3i-~II
oJ "-''Id,'~l:J'i<J'oJ t 9'':j -~"-'<I' l:J~,{11 ~ c; ii 'ft ,.-ii 'Fil 'ii fil I~: 311 <1>1~1:-
~:. i!iji;<H1•. ~:
t.tfill~: <Jt:liRll'I-JI: (<J~ql<'llijlclliil: '
~,11'-H1~i1 I
t.lfill~: 1l'j'1sl~l6111:)- ffl
~G& ~ et t.lR 311<1>1~- ~.
8lfcb
"' ~ !:P,«11'1. "'
~,··.
i!ijG11, WW TI~ \k1111 I
'1 fctl '1 ~ . fi'I 611 ~ q I itfi1' I Four features of the truth of the
'i'lR '1 t: IiR1 1'1-J (1-1 ~ q I '<'IT<fTclT ~ origin of suffering- Cause,
t.1R 1l"j"1sl" ~1611)- ffl g'1~ origin of all, production and
~ EP, «11 '1 c1 .g ;g, .'I «11 '1 ~ condition.
' "' '
TI:m fi'I 611 ~ q I I
The four great pillars (Four "i"l"-'<ia't ~· l:J~ 1 19·~ ·~"'·"-i<J' ~-3i'l:J "1'\'
great disciples of Marpa
Lotsawa)- Ngog Choku Dorjey,
9'\'~'~"-'U.J~'~l!,l'l:J~3i'~'~3i'al'ij'l:J! ij'
Tshurston Wangnge, Meston '\~. 9u:f' <J'3i "i' <I J!.I' o) oJ l!,I' "3i'~ .~~.3i ~ 9·
Chhenpo and Milarepa
<i•'l: l:J J!.li<J' <IJ!.I' 93iJ!.1' <i J s~· ~l:J'o) oJ J!.1' "i<1"-.
'l3i''\il:J~j ~l!,l'"ial9J!.l'~'l:J~'l:Jl j\"-~\
~i<Jl!,I' ""i'"l' { 3i. <id,.,,,~-~ l!,l 'l:J~ "i '~~ -~ ''\9.
oJ'af9·<11 '\9"-'i<J':_\'S'\'<11 f<F'\~'~"l'
~ '1:J1!_9J!.l.<1'1:J(\Tictgcfi11-1.
-
<1"-II
~ : , ~ i)fi1' I i1 fil I~ : '{),<t<'I t1 1-1 f:- murrtl't
'qR lflf~- m <ITT m cfi '3Y\',lf112l ell 31't~lcllc;:, f.'ltq,qc'.
""1 .'f '1 ~{!1'11,
~g101 cffl ~ f1 CT<l If.'a et 3!U1 I~ 111 cl li!i'. , ffi -
'1 cfi~-11, ~ TI~ 316Fiii11- ~ "fi', {~ $ll q q Ii'.l c'r!'fi
31q-511Q1 I ~ t1d"t1CT<l1-111-1 3ljrn,-
The four ever-binding factors- ~ t1'~1c;1q.--i itfi1' I,
Not regarding the breach as t.lR '{!if<'I Ql{- "1°1cl'1 cfi ~ 'C]"{"
wrong, not wishing to avoid it <IT '3 q \', If1 cfi '3 ~ ~ 11 ~ -41 fi'rQlfT
in future, rejoicing in it and not
q'q'1 '1 iill "1 '11, 1Jc'[-cp(fc ~
being ashamed and embar-
~ §1 cfi, 3TU1 I~ 111 ~ pin bT
rassed.
muft cfi f.'lcfic ft11Tn ~. wfr
106
Set of Four
. cITT ~ 11 {'<1 I cJ, '"" .'f <:i'l]C1'<:1i1'~"1"l' 'S"1'!'io3i'

u11 '1 <!>, 0 '1 cfi1 ~ <!>, '11 Tim
~ ~ 1fu14'i cITT 31jct1, fll·<lc~
<:i~ l t"1%"1· ~ "-1''1.["-I
f{ '1<il i;tj q;r mf0 ~ ~ 'I.S"-! (·"1%"1· ~ "-l·a.["-I iaJ·al '\' ~"-I·
<!ix'11 I
The four white dharmas 'I.S"-1
(Virtuous Dharmas)- Abstai- ~C:,:4{AJ{l41: tj('cll'{) 'it:l'j,!(T-
ning from consciously telling 4),11:- ~<!il!l41'1:, f.'1~q5jtj4i•1:,
lies at the cost of one's life or
~c/,'{{i4l11:, f.'f>1\ci'114i•1~'<1Fi'l 1
even for a joke, being unbiased
in helping all sentient beings
~'\ q' Al '{I <f; '<fR "l i, IIJ,!( 1-
without having ulterior
m>l- ~<!>I {I ,i'M, f.'1 ~ qtj °4llT
~<!i,fl °4llT Tim ~ °4llT I ,
thoughts, recognizing all Bodhi-
sattvas as teachers and praising The four Mahiimudrii Yogas
them as they deserve and according to Kagyud Tradi-
inspiring all sentient beings to tion- The yoga of single-
make exertion for the attain- pointed concentration on the
ment of Supreme Enlighten- nature of mind, the yoga of
ment. realizing the mind being free
from conceptual elaboration, the
I ~ 1 '1 !
Cl"'<l.'Cl4i'<'i''lJll ~ ~~ ·"'
·,~·, ._aJ.<:i'l]'l.·<:i~ll yoga of realizing the sameness
of the appearance and mind and
'l'lr ~-<:1'1]'1.'<:i ~11 'l]3J.<:i"]'l..<:i ~l l a;'<>r<r
the yoga of no more meditation.
<:!"]'I.' <:I~'i'<:iilOJ. ~, ,
~ c; fl A,I c; 14 if'll tj d tl : °lr1J;5IT:- <r so!i· "-OJ. "1~"1 OJ I
~ 11 ~ 1:- <Rl'l <!i•gq, q;111
cj)•gc;:, q;l-JT <!i•gq, 1Jc1q1 <l>'gc( aJ I &J· "1 ilr <:i~ll
'illfc, I
"'c; I<! q {AJ'{l 4 ('ltj (''gq, q;•11
>-1 e; c: 1RcjJ I w:rt \lffi, 31 tj c1 ~'<1 Fi'I 1
<!>' gq, q;1-JT <!>' '.!G. Tim 1J c1 q 1
q, c; "I q 'Al '{I <!ft '<fR ~ q d 11f-
<l>''.),G, I
~ ~llcf4~f.'1. 31ilc'11Fcl,a~cl'<,
The four major schools of
Kagyud Tradition- Barom
<
>-1 c'. IRcjJ I m \lRT <1m 3T'<'!c'! I
Kagyud, Phagdu Kagyud, Four deities of Kadampa tradi-

tion- Buddha Sakyamuni,
Karma Kagyud and Tshalpa
Kagyud.
107
Set of Four
Avalokitesvara, Bhagarika Arya mental condition and imme-

Tara and Acala. diately preceeding condition.
<1"1"''<llj"l"l'Q~ l '-'.~l!,I '~l!,I' ~ OJ l!,I ';,;'\' aj I;"l' 1\\'i'%"l·or,:i~l 'r.l"li,.i·<ia· ~'i'3"]'0J I ~OJ·
<I\ ~"]'Qill!.J'~OJ l!,I',I'\' i "]'Qt"l'<l\ l "l' <1,;· ~o\·<Jq·~'\'3"1 'OJ l ") OJl!,I' <iq·~\3"]'
~OJl!,I' ii'\' { r:::·~r:::'<l'\"]'al'\' <I\ ~"C:o\'"ll!,I' OJ\ OJ~o\ ~'\'al'\'<lq'~'\'3"]'0J,{!l
'-'.'\"l'<l'~'<J<{!ll i'lf<II~: elUIT:- f21fuoie'fUT:, f21qlc!,-
e'fUT:, fcrlite'fUT:, fu;{e'[U)e-J oI~il fa I
i'l tFa) 'i ftc f.l fti ctl 'J,"i:'T: - 31 f.'kl.11 :
T.fR lffUT- f21 fi1 ole'fUT, f214 I cf,e'fUT,
t1J,+«i,1,1:, ~:ffl: ,i4flltlill:,
fcrlite'fUT ~ fu;re'fUTe'fUT I
~"'-1 I f."! i/1 <'Ii l'1 ~ i1 ~ : , m"ci
The four moments- Manifold
f."! cl j O j "i1'ft'r I moment, ripened moment,
T.fR 'l<lil"x ~ 'i rtcr.i fti-a deteriorated 1noment and
11-i:-nt- ~ fi«n1,-w\ 31f."l,11 moment lacking characteristics.
t, ~ f!ltlcl w\ ~:"& W1T t. 1\\'i'%"1·51a·1"'.Q'Q~1 ~OJ' <1,;· ~o\. <IQ..~'\.
w\ ~ ~ 31'11<"1 t ('f:2TI
f."! cl \ oI tl ffl"\'f ~ I 3"] '0J I ~OJ' <i,;· ~o\. <i ·OJ'&! o\. <la.~'\·3"1· OJ I
The four seals of Buddhism- All
products are impermanent, all OJ~o\· ~ '\'.il '\'<ia· ~'\'3"]'51 I "l~l!,l·~·.il '\'
contaminated things are
<1q· ~'\'3"]'0J,{I!
miserable, all phenomena are
empty and selfless, and nirvii,:za ~c-<11x: IHfillifi\ll.1)•11: (i'lf<II~:
is the highest peace. 1H fill ifill"'-1T1Jtl'ii: )- f214 Ic!,&1 fillcf,-
'
11111'1:, 31 fq 41c!,e-l fil lc!,11111'1:,
'
!o\'l:l~\ ~q'!o\! '\aJ"]"l'!o\! <l'\"l'!o\l
3l"c'l'e'fUTe-l fil Ic!, 1111'1 i 1:, 3!EPlll1 fill c!,-
~ 'OJ'~"l'!o\'~11 11111' 1~'<1 fa I
T.fR 1H fil I<Ii lJ"llT'Ttfll - f214 Ic!,
i'lf<II~: Yt'll<-ll:- ~\),11,1111:,
e-Jfillcf,\141'1, 31f21q1cfj eifillcf,1111'1•1,
311 <'I ><I '1
The four types of momentary
11,1111, ~ 11,1111 ('f:2TI
application- Momentary
iii 'i '1 'n ii II ,1111 I
application of karmic fruition,
Four conditions- Causal condi- momentary application of non-
tion, objective condition, funda- karmic fruition, momentary
application lacking characterics
108
Set of Four
and momentary application of

non-duality.
~ i<J~""i'<i.\' ~QJ·~i;·,
,1·~"1'11'<:l~f Q)cii~·11,;·~i.\·~1l :/'ifl''i
( 'll ~·r;i.\· ~QJ-~t;· ~ ·ci~<t11
,;i;·z::i~a:,·r;i.\· ~"iI {!'l·r;· \l "-:ii·~,;·.,cii·~·
' =rt'i!fq:
"'1~1 ""'I
-cnf6'q,:-
'
ql);gcp-
'
~:'
~'ii cj·~·;i'.i:i·~a.-~"i·\11 ~,-,.{i~-fq~q-l\'"";g~.c/J-'l:. c1 "1 q 4,:;·c/, 'l:.
' '
~'fu"'[q~l)...._;g~;c/J~~'""'-t1=R1 I
T.!dtll 'llfln: ("JJl~d~
111 ~1 OJ 'iil l"JJ 11111: )-
!,I I ~<:l 'j. ~:.
T.!dtl:
"'<-ITT" 11~
ql);gcpf{'1IB, ~
* cfi
ql\,:;c/J,
<nf-9q,-
'
' '
(~~IIRlc/J:) irfi'r I ci"1ql\,:;·c/J
' <lm ,.,-,
nnf ql\,:;·c/J
' I
'i'fR "Jj 11111 <l ("lRcr <!ft 'i'fR Four types of cross-legged
i;rf'<l't;J 'iil l"JJ 11111,0- ti«i·tc1. posture- Sitting in a cross-
!,I I ~<:1. ~ <ll!.ll ~~11-41
legged posture, the cross-legged
(~~11Rlc/J) I
posture carried out by a
The four great languages of
ancieqt India- Sanskrit, Prakrit, Bodhisattva, the unchangeable
' '
Apabhransa and Paisachf cross-legged posture and the

(Paisachaka). cross-legged posture of perfec-
tion.
1·ci~1 ij"r~J ai'i;~·~1 (-if~"i.~1 <1)·
~~-~~·~<{"
"-s~·,.i;cii-ocii·f
e-.. - 2t I !·cii-ocii·QJ~·"-s~·
·a;,· ~·z::i c,,.
i.l\),liililll: (~~ i.lf<U~: <l>llll:)-

fol1-1\01c/Jlll:, ~ : . ~ -
'.!' ~-i<J· i'ci 1 !.cii%cii· QJ ~·"-s~· ~-1'5'·d\ ·i ·z::i 1
q,]"l:f:, ~I ~·~'i<J"QJ~'Q,Q~-~-~-i<J'i"z::JitJJ
'i'fR qiflf (~;i.
fol 1-1io1 c/J Ill, ~ .
* 'i'fR <!>m)-
~-
i.l\),ut f,I.I "cl f<l T.! I~<l>l ell:- 3Rcli-
~: Qcf>4icC\lcl1Fi'a. Qc/,gct1
q,]"l:f <ll!.lT ~ I 31 rl c/J q, cC\1cl1 R'ti:. qc/J g <11: 1;ct>-
4i cC\l cl1 R'ct:. ~ : 3Rcli-
Four bodies (The four Bodies of
q, cC\l cl1 Fi'a ~ii R1 I
the Buddha)- Emanation Body,
Complete Enjoyment Body,
uF'l-3T"'d" ~lffUT
<!>lf"elli (f<lEII)- ~ ~
*3Rcli ~ 'qT'{
Natural Truth Body and 1;cf> q,c'f ctt '3 cl1 R'ct' 1;cf> ~ ~
Wisdom Truth Body. 3Rcli q,c'f ctt '3 cl1 Fi'a' 1;cf> ~ ~
109
Set of Four
1Z"cfl~ '3 c:'1 fn-1 TI~ ~

'{i"c'[ Four persons- Enterer into the
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '1c:'1ffi9 I fruit of stream-winner, once-
The four possible combinations returner, never-returner and
(Reasonings) for the analysis enterer into the fruit of Arhat.
of the extreme of production-
The production of a single fruit
'V' ..,.. "' ,:,,. ........ ~
from many causes, the !"i1 1cir;·<1·oJ·a;-r;·ci·~1·:)!·!"i I !:l"i'"'"i'
production of many fruits from
a single cause, the production of ~-1t111·~-i°\-~l1
a single fruit from a single
ilc'ill<l 'c;W:- 1•fR1c;1q' 31'!),<'1"1'1-
cause and the production of
many fruits from many causes. m:, f21 cl> <!l i;; 1l ci Ic;l q:. fflWI-
Gl q ~'ii I
i·111~111·ci~1 oJr;<>1·a1111 {r;·a1111 ~\ "'ill'{ GT'f-
1 , rR1 c;1 q . 01 '!!. c41 '1-
"¥1"'·a1111 <:1~111·a111·~11 m. f21 cj? .;ii;; 1.1 aIc:'1 q ~ mwr-
'ii a ,a : IJ) '1 ll :- uH I UG-11:
m 1
_, ' 31 u;g G-11: ' Four faults- Fault of unfortunate

fi f<1 c; G-11:. ~'3mq~q=11=c!>~G-1=1=~-i'1e,;R1=,,. I
realm, fault of low caste, fault
'<ITT" 1l) f.'l ll I- G-1 ~ I 9,G-1. 31·=0~;,;-G-1,
fi f<1 c; G-1 cf:m '3 q q I':l,c!> G-1 I of having defective sense-power
Four types of birth- Birth from a and fault of the nature of
womb, birth from an egg, birth woman.
from heat and moisture, and
miraculous birth.
!111·~-1:1~1 ~~·'1111111·'1<11111·<11 s"'·~r;111·
'1"11!1'<11 s"-·Ei-~c-;1111 1m·QtoJ·<1·~ 1-~· <Ii <""H-ll 'ii c'il I<l '1-J I•II:- f.'! q ct-
cj;""<iq:, q ci'1 I'1c!> i,q:, fi qcic/,i,q :,
S"'·'1<ll 111·<1~11 ~.;q cl> &q ~ 'ii I
'!<\:'k1 Fi'i.l c'il 1-::- m-<1"311 qfn-1 q, C'l- <f><.'(T "ifi "'ill'{ 'Jfl1T- f.'! q ct cj;""6q'
QR1 q "i c/? , f1cJic;1 1 11 fl1q, C'l QR1- q ci'1 I'1 cj;""<iq_ "ficrct cj;""6q cf:m
q "i cl>:, 31'1 I• 11 r1 q,&rn R1 Y"i c/?:, ~ cj;""6q I
31 g,-q q,(,l QR1 q "i i!>~il R1 I Four divisions of aeon (kalpa)-
'ifR 'J;<\:l"f<if- m-<1"31~1qTi=ffij"=-cq,~(,lmQ+',R1-
Aeon of formation, aeon of
q n-j cp, xicJi<;l 1 1lr1q,C'IQR1q"ic!>,
endurance, aeon of dissolution
31'11 1 11r1q,C'IQR1q"ic/? ~ ~ -
and aeon of vacuity.
q, C'l QR1 Y"i cl> I
110
Set of Four
rl"'~Ol'tJ'Q Q "1'"!~"'1''.l)'
~"l 11°\'3J<:."'1'tJQ,'~"l 'i0J'Q-oQ.'~"'(l1
'l 5 I<t> ca:J t-<l ii <'il IR ~m 1'flx:- ~ . ~ : .

tJ(<j':;'l't, ~<11'l,'1'1, Ell4x'l,'1'1, ~ : . llR1$11'1"~-tlR1 I
et, fc:i 'l,' i ilfi'r I lfR 'l"i!>R' "*
1'flx- ~.£:! cf>l
'l 51 et, ca:J cf> lfR ~Tf- ~ PT, ~. cfr<:I cf>l ~. ~ cf>l ~
-tITT PT, ITTCR PT c'fm ~ c'fl'.IT llR1$11 cf>l ~ I
PT I Four types of burden- Burden of
Four periods of an aeon (Four aggregates, burden of efforts,
parts of a great aeon)- The burden of delusions and burden
aeon of truth, the three-fold of promises.
aeon, the two-fold aeon and the
corrupt aeon. l3Q'tJ'~"1'1f<l~l l l!J'l:1<11 ~ 11r1:11:11 "l'l'j"-1'
<1fi1"1'<1"<1~j <1'-'<ll';\"-1\ Ql';\"-l''-1' i3i'<i\ 1~,<11 !.\'-'l:l<l'Q\1
f i:. '!J'Q l';!"-11 i i:,·ml,·c;i l';\"-l'r.Ja.'f 1 ~m 'l<'l&ll~=- 31'<1<1aJ1ficr,

ell R1 ~ cf, ell I fi<-1 :' R1 st, <!, ell Ifi<-1 :' f.'f,:;,-
ii <'il I ~ : <f> ca:11 :- 3Ff1 , et, "4 :, "'!"ITT- &l Ifi<-1 ~-cl R1 I
~:. ~["'lcf>"4:, ,i"cf>"41~-tlR1 I lfR 'l"i!>R' ~ 11"<'1' oil I ~ ll f
lfR ~ - 311"<1,cf><'Y, 'li,lcf>"4, 3f'q[f-&l Ifi<-1' &l R1 ~ cf>-&l I fi<-1'
~.c,i cf> "4 c'fl'.IT f1 " cf> "4 I R1 st> <i,-&l I fi<-1 c'fl'.IT f.'f,:;,-&l Ifi<-1 I
Four aeons (Kalpa)- Interme- The four pervasions- Subsequent
diate aeon, great aeon, void pervasion, counter pervasion,
aeon and aeon of essence. contrary pervasion and
downward pervasion.
p:iai"'1·i:i~ 1 l!J'l:f OJ '!J' 'ii:.· 1 ta.·F OJ l!J' 'ii:.. 1
I:!<l'tJQ,''i5lllj"'1'tl'<I~ l ~OJ'tJ" ·~llj'tJ''ii:,'
a)Q,'f'OJ'!J''i<:,'1 ~,:,·~ 'f'OJ"'1' ~ll
'l-ol!J ·tJQ. ·"l ~"1 l!J ·i:i?i°\ l ~OJ' tJ" ·~"1' r.r al 'i ·
'G!<'illx: E.11<1<1:- '!~=. ~:.
~ ...... ~ ;{
~ : , c!T7:l:tlliJ.~-tlR1 I tJC\''l'j~"1"i'Q?i°\ l 'ii:, '!J'tJC,,'OJ~C\1 l' l!J'
1
lfR ~ - 1J:!Rft, ~. Tii:il c'fll.IT ....,.. ,:.,_ !'. -

tJ' UJ i:, '!J' ~·"'~<]'<JC\ ''i"' 'l'j "i '<JC\ ll
c11<J I
The four elements- Element of "Gf i;'il ( R t'l, ~ 0 II C'l l-<il '11 f.l '{i f<-1 cf, "4-
earth, element of water, element flh xO11 c1 ~ 'i'l, f.'1 fcicf>"4flhx 01 I
'
of fire and element of air. c1 ~ 'i 'l, q x'«l "<1 flh, 01Ic1 ~ 'i '1,
' '
~,/1 lj«-l l'iflh,01 Ic1~'i· ilfi'r I
1I I
Set of Four
~ t'l>" a II cl kl 'i- iH fcl 01 The r,Laka of the four families:

,:q, '1 o11 c'1 Rl 'i , f."! f4 01 -!-4i '1 oII- Vajra, Raina. Padma, and
C'1 Rl 'i, ~-3,-n-{-4>,(DI I C'1Rl'i karman. (They are spiritual
-a-m iii ,ll Ij<o I•H-4> '1 o11 cl Rl 'i I beings who carry out the four
Four focuses of pervasion- activities of pacifying, increa-
Conceptual pervasive focus, sing, attracting, and subjuga-
non-conceptual pervasive focus, ting)
extreme of existence and focus 3/f'ITCJ'il'<l~J ~· ~~·~l"~'tJ'tJ,\'"'§c:.·
of perfectly established purpose.
gil""'."'*<l~J ,r~·~l""-'"-SJ! iil·~~-~I""''
'11~~1 ~-"l"''~l"~·tJ·1:i·~·CJJ·il·~1 i:i\~·
~I" ~·tJ·i::i·qf,;·ti·(·'1' ~·1c:.· 1 ~i::i·~~·~Fl.l:
"-SJ! 1~'ill]'~l""-'"-SJ! 1"1C:.'~'~I""-'
o.~i::i;,;~·~11 ~c:,·,r-~~~·~11
uic:.·a:,1 '<kil ' " : q fil :.s a i: (i1 a ,a : '!);'Ucll:

cQc@ll:)- '3fs:Sll'i'M ' ~= .
~-l~l""-'"-SJ! ~a:,·~~·~l""-'"-SJI CJ,\' "11 '1 c1 'M fcl '1 cl fi'I ~ 'l-1'1 c'. ~ ~ 1-M
~~'1t1'i:, ''Tic'.~~l«i ~ I
~F"-'"-SJI CJJ~·~·~l""-'"-~11 ~ q fil-sa (<!l;"ffi'I cQ f<hl )-
'<kill": -sl<l>I:- r1~11il:.Sl:, ™-
;;rrci,:, iH '1 ll :SI :, "11 'fl ll :.SI ~'ii I
'3 ~ :.Sll 'i * ~.* *
Fcll-Jc1fi'I~. "11c ~
'l'fRc1'
~~lil'i
<fT cfm "11c ~ cfi 311<1>1~1'1'l'T I
cl\J"l-sl:, '1"1:.Sl:, 4'U:Sl:, Four wise persons- Padma-
 ,:j :.S I ~ ii I sambhava from Oddiyana,
~ Y'<l>T'{ <fi 6T- r1 ~ 11 ii :.SI , Vimala Mitra from India, and
$11"1:.Sl, '<il-Jll:.Sl ~ "il'flll- Pagor Vairocana and Nub
;,JT I
Namkhay Ngingpo fron1 Tibet.
m 31f"tJ~·~r<1·<1~J ~c:. ZJ°CJJ·~l"~·tJ1 F~~·
cl\J"l:.Sl, '1"1:.Slcfi, 4'U:.Slcfi ~
<1>4:.Slcfi I "J'~F~·tJ1 a·~~1·CJJ·~l"~·tJ1 ~~·"-!JCJJ·

Four classes of /)aka (Sky- /lJ. ~I"~.tJa."11
Goer)- The r)iika o{' Flesh-eater
(the eaters of uncooked flesh), ~"If: i1 fil I R <I/: f<l I f.'1- ~-
Wisdom, Samaya (Commit- ~ ~ I C'"ll '1,. tJ Irtcfi"I
:,
~ IC'"ll '1' , 311 ll c1 'i-
ment) and Power. -.c1,"-j~~I<"ll~'\. Q c1"l ,ll iH jc'Y Ic; cfi"I ~ I<"Ii
OR "'i! I
112
Set of Four
f.'I ii i.:ff '<ITT" ~~- ~ .'f qf
fcl i, ct1 I 1IT'<l qi , .-J I, tf1g .'f fcl i, ct1 I ~-1"1~. ~11101,:-.1:,111101~.
m'<f qi , .-J I, 311 ll i'l .-J .'f fcl i, ct1 I i341flqi:-i341ffiqil, ~ : -
J:n1<f qi,.-JI c,l/TI ~cfkllflj<'lli; .'f ~ "i'lfcr1
fcl i, ct1 I 1IT'<l qi, .-J I I '<ITT" q RIii c:- 1"1~ fB~. i3 q 1,i qi
The four phenomena of a wise c,l/TI i34lfficlil I
to be learnt- Mastery in aggre- m
gates, mastery in constituent, 1"1~-~. ~11101, ~11101€1.
mastery in sources and mastery i341flcfi-i341Rictil, ~-
in dependent origination. ~~
~~·r.ril"l·s1·1:1~1 ~·Q,:;,·3J~~1 \3J· The four-members of an
assembly- Fully ordained
31 ~~1 "'~·1:11.l.· 31 ~~·<11 ~i.l.· 31~~-!J~II monks, fully ordained nuns,
ordained laymen and lay-
fi'1 ct1 ,) •I t-ll 'i.jfcl I R f.'1<1 "011 f.'l- women.
i!!i , sfi'1 ct1 't, 'l-j <'<jqi fi'1 ct1 't, _[% 11 'l,G- OR
~ . 11 f«l fi'1 cti "i'lfi'r I Fully ordained mo,iks and nuns,
frmr wr <t ~ '<ITT" +>f.'l-c1~,'<~u1- novice monks and nuns,
~ "i/,T fu;rn, ~ "i/,T fu;rn, ordained laymen and lay-
f%11'l,G "i!iT fu;rn "i'1"m 11Bc1"1 "i!iT women, male and female
fu;-rn I householders.
Four biles that are used in
medicine- Hare's bile, bear's
bile, marmot's bile and fish bile. ~·Q1 ~\tJi.l.·~·Q1 "-\\tJi.l.·~·Qi,,'11
"f"''~"'!J''I~{ ')9'i"-'1 1'"1'i,:;,·311 19' 'ii a t1: tt itu R<1>.-i .:1:- 3l ;,i 1.-i .-i eh.
CJ~ol\l 1'°1·1:1~ol\·3J~II 1f&: .-J c;~, 'l cl.-J eh, cfi 111.-J eh "i'lfi'r I
'<ITT" tl i,(-1 IR .-J ~ lli - 3l"$l'T.-J <Bt
<11,:;,'ol\ l 'Rf.~ <Bt 'Rf, 'l-jq <Bt 'Rf
~ "i!iT'1 <Bt 'Rf I
19 ·i,:;,·1'4'31·"1~~1 "'CJ'~ ,:;,·?:i'·a:f·"l ~~ I The four big rivers of cyclic
19 ·q~ ol\'"1'3J'"j ~~! ! 3J'!J'?:i'·~"l~~-~11 existence- River of ignorance,
river of views (wrong views),
<Ifill'<: q1R<i1c;1:- ~:. ~. river of existence and river of
i341flqi:, i341ffiqil "i'lfi'r I attachment.
113
Set of Four
"I~ "i. "l'-'.''!;!"l'"i. "l"i"l' m

'J.~ cl ,I>'
<l f i "l'~-"ii!J'"l'"l 'Cl~ "i. f i"i."ll!J'Cllj Cl'
<l
~1-Jl 01ilil> I
"1 cl ii ii>.
<If Cl.f"i. "ii>l"l. Cl "l "l "l' "li{ll Four channel Wheels- Wheel of
phenomena at the heart, wheel
ilf<OR 1-Jt.:lilil>lfill- ~fc,'(iiq~~l- of enjoyment at the throat,
c[l'xl:, {i<";J,{>Q 1-'>1<1':, ~- wheel of emanation at the navel
':l,0<1fiil<1~il R1 I and wheel of great bliss at the
'ilR 1-Jt.:lilil> 3ljcfi~c1 m ii crown.
cfl'xl, xi wF1 ~ ci, 3lT-'>1<1', OR
,rfilima, cfi>/11 Tim T'<!-~ Secret wheel, wheel of life
cfi>/11 I
(Wheel of Samsara), wheel of
cutting-off and wheel of
The four great Wheels- Living
in conducive place, relying on a emanation.
holy person, making prayer and ~"'·af'-l'l"'·i::,l~"l·2fi::~ I "l ijl "'. ~·~,;·
accumulating merits.
ar"l'l"-'Cll "iS<>i·~·"-F,;·<>S"l''"''Cll
~"'·afCl~J ~"'."l"'·t"l·~·"-F"'·ar1 51 fu-i· "l' ~-"-F"' ·ar"l' I"'. Cl 1 ~"l "l' ~-"-F,;·
ijl:,
<1"-·ar"'"l')\! "l "l' <:a·"-F"'·<>r1 l Cl"-' ar"l'I"'. i::· Cl~"l -~· t<>i·~r r
ij<>l'"l'I_'~"-'aft llj~llj·ij,;·1·CI~.i "i'
tj,:ql>(: ilif>clRfCJ':- fc!O\tjifjclcfi,
~,;·<%{11 ,"1i1tjil>clcfi, a lllilil>clcfi, c1~l!cfi-
il ii> cl cfi ,W, I
"'"''"i1
'ilR tj il><l dl 'ffiill- ~-ii ii> cl cfi
"j"lC,'Cl'l_'"-f,;·<>S1 ~"i'"l'l_''-'.f"''<>it TI"11, "'1('f- tj ii> cl cfi TI"1T' Tirn-
il ii> cl cfi TI"1T zci c'l'1 $ cfi ii ii> cl Ji
"lr 1·<:a·"-F,;·<>r1 ij"l' <:a·"-F,;·<%{11
TI"1T I
~Ii ilil>I-J_- ~ ti4ilit>'j, The four universal monarchs-
lf1 cl IJ.1 j '<-{jl Iii if> 'i , '1J'l:f'r ~ 'i j OI The golden universal monarch,
'
ii it> '1, '3 ro~ Q 1-J $ 1':J,i!si tj ,W, I m the silver universal monarch,
ell the copper universal monarch
'J.~ c1w't. -.i cl ilil>'1, vc:
ilil>'1, and the iron universal monarch.
~y\01ilm ,W, I J11C,'~Jl1'~'f'fCI~[ ~,:,· Cl' "i"l' ~c,·ci,::r.,_(· Cl [
'ilR IJ<li'Tx ~ 'i'fsl>- ~ ii
tl 4 ii it> . lfr<lT ii '1-Jl I Iii ii>, '1Tfi'r ii ~"i·"l' "i~-~"i·"l",'r.,_ sf Cl 1 ~"'·<I' "i "l'~"i.
~ l-j j OIii if> Tim 1-1{-fj cfi ii "l",' r.,_(· Cl 1 ~"i·"l'"i ISl •~ c: ·Cl"'·"-~l' cii{11
'l !! I':J,i!si ii ii> I
114
Set of Four
ru~'14- 111,nll'l. ~
'
............... ii- ...... ilfu I
ISl'ISl<>::li'<IJ ~"i'~ISlj ,;z::·t"lJ ~z;·~Q'
"iifR '3 ct1 ' ~ <l>'1' ~ 'fllll-
~~ISl''j'-1;{11 q !CTJ lJ i- ~ . ~ .
ru ~i 4 111 •n li 'ct':m f.'rfu,wfrll 1
~\,ff: ';!<;:1'f<'IT:- v1.Tifa",]jfa9.- The four pure meditative
q;:1l1011:, tFHf1•-1:4'illi"II:, "lilfa- absorptions of the higher
""1: 4 'ii li u11:, ct '11 "I.TI fa "-I 'ii li o11 ~'tj I realm- Aid to existence, aid to
ql degeneration, aid to regene-
~c"llc/>'l,'\'l('JI:, '>llclc/>I:, ~,llc/>- ration and aid to deifinitive
~. ~ I discrimination.
'qR '!l'il>'R ~ 'l'\'l'f('j' (uficr)-
~ cl> I~ I 'ft ~ cl> I~ I c!ft 3TI"i: ufR
~1:1·~~0.·;·cr1:1~1 s·!l"l fj' <lj ~\· ~''J 'jZ::' J
cfl'c'IT, ~.£T'c/>R 'ft 3Rfc/>N c!ft .il~ISl'UJ''-11 'i~·~·'Ji{II
3TI"i: ufR 'c!f('jl, ~ c/> I~ I 'ft 3Rfc/>N
c!ft 3TI"i: ufR 'c!f('jl 'ct'i!n ~.£T'c/>R 'tj('cl I~: Fflo1; F'<l•II c; 1:- ~:.
'ft ~ cl> I~ I c!ft 3TI"i: ufR 'c!f('jl I *1'1 ~ If.';;-ic1>:, R1 rn'l I~: (fcl $11 'icl Icfl),
'llT 11UI 'l c/i ~i:l fa I
~ t-il c/, 'l,'\' kl' .l!,1l'c[c/,, \l t-il c/, §,<& ~ '<fR ffl ,i; I.=t-1 <l I <!J- ~.
~I tn~1Pac/i, R1rn>t1~ (Rl$11.-ic11c:)
Four types of persons- Persons 'ct'i!n "lUl11'I> I
moving from light to light, The four tenets (Schools)-
persons moving from darkness Vaibhi'iika, Sautrantika, Citta-
to darkness, persons moving matra (Mind Only) and
from light to darkness and Madhyamaka (Middle way
persons moving from darkness School).
to light.
OR
ajc.·1:1~1 ->l"'~ISl'C\Olll]ISl'ti::· 1 f o.l(~·~·
Ordinary persons, Hearers, Self- ti::·1 ~1:1·<1·"li::·f11 ~i::·~·!:l·t"i·~11
Buddhas and Bodhisattvas.
'<1(-i:110 'Efrcrr:-
cr4Rl~1;:, ~ : .
qfr:::1S1.S.·{~ISl'~lfj''jllj''-l"<l'l:l~f "l"i"l''J\~' 31q,,fic;l.-flll:, '3rn'ic/>~&l4~i:lfa I
~
~~"il ~~ISl''J\~·~~"il ~'j''J,;·~·~~"il TfR &M-

' ~
cr4fcl~g. ~ .
31q,, nc; Hill 'ct':m ;,.i rn '"'~ 1 ~
2- ISl'"-S1·~·~~"i·~11 The . four continents- East

Continent; Great body (Porva-
ii ct ;a : '3 ct1 'i"(<I : :t_!,i; tl 'l I4 ct1 '1 :-
videha), South Continent;
f t ~ .' ~.
115
Set of Four
Jambiidvipa, West continent; q ~~lcl'l- ~ .

Using Oxen (Avaragodaniya) x'<l''1 Icl'{?, ~I C'l '\, xi'l< '.!, <Id '!),~I c1 't,
and North Continent; Unplea- "fi:fcl>.l I'1 '{?,~I <ii ~ I
sant Sound (Uttarakuru). 'tlR Yil>R ~ ~Th, (1;l"U"1.J")-
'i9'11'S.9.'&lllll.'<l~J c1i\<1i.>_'i!JIIO. J &l 'i"Qi.>_· q,: 111cl 't~IC'l, ~ '!),~lc1,
f11-lA ~J.'ln 't1 ~ IC'1 cfm "fi:f~
i!JIIO. J llJ~ ~r1/.l_·i!JIIO. J 9~ l!>l""!'i!J"UJa;· 't~IC'l I
Qo_'i!Jeit11 Four types of virtue- Ultimate
virtue, natural virtue, conco-
'tk<llx: 11~\o!IT: 3f"ffi:- 31«11'f1:
' mitant virtue and the virtue of
'11 «-11 'fl :, wn:!T'fl": , 31 &l.l I'fl ~ il R1 I motivation.
'tlR 11~1,lf 3Rf- 3lfu!-3Rl
'
'11 f{fi JRl, '3'l'fl.l-31"'fl cfm 'iq) •qia; '<11j lljl!>l''-1'<1'<1~ 1 a!Ql!,l'"-ffi"· ,ri!J·~.
3JE,l.l-31"'fl I
'i~"Qtla;1 t·9i9·ui·q~~·qi.l_·'i~"Qtl~1
Four extremes to be refuted-
Extreme of existence, extreme t'9~1!>l·ui·q~~·qi.l_·'i~·qtla;1 t"9'!ii!J'
of non-existence, extreme of
being both and extreme of being ,ri!J·q~~·qi.l_·'i~'Q~a;-~11
neither. ~ q : ,(to~qltJif>:- ~1"1"1 1 1l-J'1-
'illJll.'i:i·i:i~ I 'i9"-'<11 i!Jl9·1 ·'i90.·<IJ l-Jl?i141f1i'/>:, qi'/>i'/>I~ ,Jqlf1i'/>:,
i.;l.li'/>I~ l:l41x1C/J., ~~~li'/>I~
IS'i"'-l"';~·'i90.·q 1 ~a;·~l!,l·~·'i9"-''litl1 -3q lxi i'/>~il R1 I
'tlR SI if> l"1 ~ .ftur '3 q I tl <t>-
~ q : 311'1.-i';:- 3!1'1"G: (:ffecr:),
"!ITT"Ul-1Tlf"! l!T?i" c(; l:l 41 '1 C/J,
4-<'11.--i.-,.:(~:!Ra:), RNiiH.=c::
qi'/>i'/>I~ '341f1i'/>, i.;l.lc/>I~ '341f1i'/>
(Rl f11 "G:!Rt1 ). t1 t;;:;i 1'1.=c: ~il R1
(t1t;;:;i:!Rt1) I cfm ~~~lc/>I~ '34lxii'/> I
'tlR Sl<t>I, ~ ll'tl.-.Jdl- 311'1"G,
Four ordained layperson by
name- A layperson ordained
q ,l-11'1 "G, Rl xl-J I'1 "G 11m merely through seeking refuge
f1 $ "11'1 "G I
in the Three Jewels, an ordained
Four types of joy- Joy, great joy,
lay person observing only one
exalted joy and innate joy. of the four root vows, an
'iq)'<l'<l~J \a;''ii!J"Q°'''iq)'<IJ (if~\~· ordained lay person observing
two of the four root vows and
'iq)'<IJ i!Ji~l!>l·~a;·~·'i~'Ql 1~·fil"~·~· an ordained lay person
observing only three of the four
'i~·qit11 root vows.
116
Set of Four
'\9·q ·~~"l,~·~11·r.rq 1 '\9'1:l'I.' ·q~"l'<l1 aJa,~·1:1.~·"l~· M"-'OJa,~· ·1:1.~·

~"l·"l,~·~~·a·i:f1 '\9'£l(l:~"l' Qa:-11
"1' ~. "l.i ~.?f C>J. "l~"l' c.ii:l: g~. ~q· ~ "l"l' 'Clc-<11~= ~1-JDIEPJf:- 311~"2'1 '1
,
~,111iblti".cl11-J,
,
a
,I, R1 '1 '1 ~1<1- ,. . ,:,.
'\1'.1'1.1 '\9 ·q/l.·~ "l'"1,~'"l~"l'~"l·:n· ~"J ,lr1cl<'l1'i, cll~ct'1 '1 ~faclt-
c.i/l.· ~1 '\9 'Q/l.'~"l·"1, ~·"l~"l·~"l·~ ~clcl11-J,• >1fu-sct'1 '1 ~
ilfi, I
af~ "l' j\!"1 "l 'c.i/l.. ~a:-11 ~I-JOI ~ '<ITT' Efll- 311ibl~I ffl
~ E j 'P~l 0 11li';l'l- Q,~cf>- cfR'lT c/> >!fi'r 311 ~ tic '1 'ITT'1T, ~
g<;_'lclcf>c'l-1101fi'l';l't, ~ - ~ cfR'lT ci, qfi'r ~ ', iAT.
~ et> c'l-11 oIfi'l-;1 'i, <f<il ,-<1 311 tJ Icl ffl cfR'lT c/> >lfi'r 311 tJ Icl
f.'11-J foIet> ill '<'> q cf> c'l-11 oIfi'l -;11-J . '1 cf>, '11 -cr:m ~ ffl cfR'lT c/>
'
'.!,4,'; x-<1 W'il ' Icf> i ll '<'> q cf> c'l-11 oIfi'l -;1 >!fi'r '1 fu-s cl '1 'ITT'1T I
'c)fu I Four precepts of a monk- Not to
'<fR l.l if; I ~ ~ if; <''II o I fll -;1
scold another although being
~ 1-Jj"'-I ci, "111 '# scolded, not to become angry
when incited to become angry,
cf>c'l-1101fi'l';I, ~ ~ ~~
not to reveal another's faults
~ c/> "111 °# cf> c'l-11 Ifi'l-;1, ° when one does so and not to hit
~ c/> f.'11-J foIcf> 1ll c/> "111 °#
another in return when being
°
cf> c'l-11 Ifi'l-;1 a:2.TT ~ c/> hit.
~ c/> "111 °# cf> c'l-11 uIfi'l-;1 I
Four classes of spiritual friends- 19·i'r::.·~·~q~·1r::.·q·q~1 5)·a;~"l'l'.l"-'i\
Spiritual friend in the form of
an ordinary human being,
c.i1 •·r!J~·c.i,,_·ai~·c.i1 ~"1·"1i'\·c.i1 ~~·~·
spiritual friend in the form of !j'l:l' ~ '"l"l'l'.l'Q~a:-11
Bodhisattva who is on a high
level of spirituality, spiritual fl'rm= ilc1-a: 1{cll4rnll=- ~ -
friend in the form of Emanation ~. 31C:rntC:t'11-J, q1011faq1c1:.
' '
Body and spiritual friend in the 'iq1c11c;~-t1R, I
form of Enjoyment body of the fi'rl!! <!ft '<ITT' 1{'<'1 311 q R<! ll i-
Buddha. 31 ~ t:.l il ll l. 31C:rntC:t'1. Qtfutt:<.'llt
a:2.TT 'iq1c11c: I
'\9'{~·~·s'\·r.i~·i'"l·<l~f 'o/l'"l~'M"-'5l'
The four root downfalls of a
'o/l'<l1 ~"l~'M"-·5J·~·<l1 <l~"l'J~'M"-. fully ordained monk- Inceli-
I 17
Set of Four
bacy, taking what is not given,

killing others and telling lies.
'\'q<; lll'Q'~'Q~"(al"'\'q<;111''1"~ll'CfQ~ \
ll1)1l'<I' ~ '\.QJ'19Z:.111' Q! \ i\' 'I]"ii\.QJ' ~'q: 3lfcrftr:- ~,rllf.i ~
311<: 0 ~£1: ~ : . "l'Tl!i: ~
19Z:."1'<1\ ~"l''IJ"\i\'"l'19Z:.~l'<l1 'l]Z:.'
'J"llfa~: q;,e;,1fa: ~
~'l]'~'Q"lll'Q'"l'19Z:."1'<1;{11 c/>{'iUlli;-<11~1fa~:. " "i,<'1fi1E'1~tl
~ <!>IM<!>qRu11'1«1 ~ I
~u: aifmrm:- ~ -
'<fR ~ <Ii I ' qi 3lfcrftr- 3TT'G'<-
3l~:. ~:.
fl <'l> I>i et; 'llTTl! ~ ·~xrl' #.
gq•l<iil~llllf'A!.llll~'<1fa I
,m- l,I <Ii I~ qi 3lfl:r \11 llfl •H'1 I fi'r-
TT et; ~ '"l'Tl!i' c/>'(iUI I t
-gm ~ 'q-i\'lfa' ~ <fim
J:rrll, 3 ' f ~ . <!>l<'ll'fl>ilfi'r-
<!>IM<!> qRu11'1 $ ~
J:rrll, <fim gq' I iii I ~ I ll 3fferl:rrll 1 '1ff-fcrEar' ~I
The four basic intentions of
The four classes of guest- The
Buddha found within the
Three Jewels as the guests of
interpretative siitras- Determi-
honour, the Lord of Protector as
ning the samenesses,
the guest of qualities, the six
determining another meaning,
types of sentient beings as the
determining another period and
guests for compassion and the
determining the interest of a
spirits and malignant forces as
particular person.
the guests of karmic retribu-
'\ilf111·.r"l111·i'111·q~1 qJ\a1 '\ilf111·Q1 tions.
"<'l]"l'!i\'q,:,·~-q~l !'<lQ.'Q,:,'.t11 '!Ji\"1'
~ z:.·1ilf"'1 "<°s<>J·qa:'11
<1Q,·q:i:.·.t1! iSl~«.1·<1a·ci:i:.·.t1l S'\'<J•,~·
1 1 ~ <I I ill I c; ll: '<k<I Ptt Ef'lf :-
cl 1-flPi,, !.1 lll uFi l-1,' t.. ~ ~ll '[,
l-fc'fl "~"-'QQ,'<l"-' -t1·\11
*1 ••F'i.! ~ '<1 fa I ~'q: P.~h'Q~~~11TcC"=lJ=lJ~q7~~~~&l~:-
~~ qi <I I ill anft '<fR erif- \J11 fa f<-1 E'1:, ~ : , <Ii I'ft f<-1 E'1:,
cfl"'ill. !.141',Fi, 'f'[ '3 ~~ ll <'1"m f<-1 ~l q f<-1 FW'<1 fa I
*1 '<I 'lcf I ,m- l,I <Ii I , qi ~ v ~ \I c-ll ll i(i) 41
Four principles of a text- f<rE.f- "uRl <ITT fcrEar. ~ <ITT
Subject matter, purpose, ulti- fcrEar. ,q;~,111 <ITT fcrEar <'1"m
mate purpose and link with the f<-1 ~l q fcrEar I
subject matter.
I I8
Set of Four
Four types of unfavourable 1 ,,.~..,-'J~"f.l.'!]"<1\

conditions-like obstacles-
Obstacle of birth, obstacle of <I\ "1~-~"1·~~-,,.~f<I\
persistence, obstacle of beauty <l~ll
and uncommon obstacle.
OJ<:'.!\ l
<l.ll]<lJ'l:l'~&r<r'l~J '\(~·<1.ll]OJ\ <I~'\·
~.!\' 'J".!\ ~.~.!\. '-1"-."' ~<I\
"-"1 OJ t 'ii.!\·%11r al ·"1.., ~-"'"1 OJ t "'.!\·i.!\·
~<:"f.l."]OJ"<>l\ l
~Ef: f<Rtq:- "fflai Ic;:F:'1-<1~.
1:Rt~:. xii$1cl"111'1R1~'1~:. OJ<:".!\1
q,fl!,qRg1,Fcl~1t1~t1fa I
TfR \.lif>" ~ f<Rtq- "ffl!ITT<l
1~0J·<1a·,,.!lf-<1t u:i-1"1~-~-,,.~<lt ~'\·
'
fcRm, 1:RlaT ~ . xii$lcl,~- ,,.~.,,.~<It ala·,,.~<l~ll
fcRm 11m q,fl!,qRg"fcl,1~ I
• u,ii::· .!\ l
Four types of contradictions-
Direct contradiction, indirect il·FoJ·'Ja·,,.ilJ"·<1t ~.::~· ~~·a:i'\·'-la·~i::-~ ·
contradiction, contradiction of
not abiding simultaneously and ,,.ilJ"·<1 t ar"1'CJ"-·'ii. <I.;s..,·~ ·£;"1~·,i:r~·<la·
contradiction canceling each
f.l.ijj°"<I\ .::..,·,,.~'f.l.~<l'~oJ~·;s'\\t t
other.
<1.llf11]''1~.!\'!'IS'\'i'c·q~ 1 "-IIJ"1.<1 l ~ ·<1 \
~·;;;o.r<Jt 2.~·~i::·~n
f.mt1 fl ,lFfll '<'ktl I '1) 311 if> I '1 I:-
d 1-1 «-11-1: q" 1.1 aI: ' d'ii' "lll'fa q'
~:, ~11'"(1(1:, ,1oftaa:, 4 '< I la u I:, ~"',. .,1.1,fa'.,I -,="<"l~'i : q" 1.1 uI:,
f.r:{l,Ol~tlfa I "'-11 fa "'-11 fa: q, 11.1 uI~tl fa I
f.'l'()q ~ ~ TfR '];llf- M:r, <IT
"ffl"ll, ,1afta 11m f.'11.1\011 "1,ifi11fa:, ~a11fa:, fa4"1fa:,
Four features of the noble truth 'ijl'iQ•Jfa~fa I
of cessation- Cessation, peace, <IT
excellence and renunciation. 31aio1,1fa:, ~~~"'-11/l';l•lfa:, fi'r:un-
1~'!J,"1144R'f1•1fa:, 5.•lfa•1fa~tj I
119
Set of Four
~ 1l<l>R c6 l"fll'l- ~ "ft the family bearing wrong view

'111""1 if> , "11, @~ cl ~ I '111""1 if>, "11, and the sentient beings of all
'11 t; cl~ I '111""1 if>, "11 TI'2:!T '1 , "11 I !"\'~111'<:l"Cl~f ~<>1-~111«.l·~-~"\I ~,;·?.·
m
3R:rif>R "ft ~~ c#f" 31N "(,[A '\~"\-~.~"\I ~"l·"-ci·~-~"\I "l!J,;«l·~·
i'!Tc11, ~ ~ \.I if> I ~ I c#f" 31N
"(,[A i'!Tc11, \.I if> I~ I "ft 3RTif>R c#f"
~"\-~II
31N "(,[A i'ITc11 TI'2:!T \.I if> I ~ I "f! ~ q : 3R'l<l>R:- ~~<'ll<'l<l;if>lx:,
\.I if> I ~ I c#f" 31N "(,[A i'ITc11 I ~:, \.1$11<'1<l;if>I</:,
m eJl</Oll<'i<l·if>l,~tjfa I
'
"1</if>l I fa, ~a' Ifa, fa ,ln I fa l;;cf ~ \.I cl> 1, c6 3f<'l'<!>R- ~ <ITT
'lj"1'1fa I 31 &i if> I</, f1 '1 I~ <ITT 31 &i if> Ix , '\.l"$1T
m <ITT 31 <'I fi Ix TI'2:!T tTRUft <ITT
;i,e,ui c#f" "J"ffcl, '.f!P f% a ITT c#f" 31 <'I if> Ix I
"J"ffcl. ~ "ft ~ cgc'[ il Four ornaments- Ornament of
'1 cq ..ai ~ cfR'ft "J"ffcl -c:ci wfr moral discipline, ornament of
').' ffa lll c#f" "l"ffcl I meditative concentration, orna-
Four types of going- Going out ment of wisdom and ornament
of aspiration, going out of of retention-formula.
hatred, going out of close-
mindedness and going our of
!Ql·?fi"\·?fci~ I '1"-·5·~<>1·'\f"-' ~i;· 1
fear. , ",''\'l"]"l.a«l·ci', ~ci·~. ~a.;·31· Cl'l/;·1
OR
Person moving from darkness to ::I,;.5· ~ 111·?i'«l' '!:j«l '.:rn
darkness, person moving from
darkness to light, person i'H'illx'i '161</lul cf>I~ <'bi:- 1fl
moving from light to darkness :, q ~ii il
and person moving from light to fc1"'q1e,:, '1rn~ "if~cl 0 1~ilfa I
light. ~ '161</lullcf>l~cf>- 'Kf "J'i
OR , q ~ii 11
Hellish beings, hungry ghosts, -.'i fq-{iiq le'! TI'2:!T '1rnx -.'i "if'lfclUT I
animals and human beings. Four types of guardians of the
OR
world- Dhftar~\ra (Protector of
Sentient beings of freedomless the region) in the east,
state, sentient beings of the land Viriidhaka (Up growing) in the
where no Buddha has appeared,
south, Viriipak~a (One who has
sentient beings who are born in
120
<'IR <nT <!.f Set of Four
unkind eyes) in the west and Buddhahood, the occasion when

Vaisravana in the north. he turned the Wheel of Dharma
and the occasion when he
i"·~·r::1~1 s·i:ia.·~"·"r:.·1 j\<ia.·~"' descended from Heaven.
~"l''l,S"-' ~'i I ~"l'"-S"-'~'5l'i·~· ~'i-~11 {orr::i~l ~"1111·~·J.11 "19111'<J'J.l\ ~<!]Ill'
... ~,.., d i-51 'l' - Q, 111 t1 ~ 'l,' 'i:J"<IT-

~Er {9'J.lf ~"l-~'J.l;,,-11
tl~'\. 111' It1 ~ '\. 31-j-cd~,-a-~-'·
~I i'l<'i'I Iii) ii I ii q I <'I I: {ii «11,)
'<IN SI Iii ~ ('f'i-51- Q, 111 t1 ~, t:1<11R<1>1:)- 31;gqi~fl.
'~ imfr .
il111t1~. 111•!(1~ <li!IT 31jcd,- J?,J;g;<5J<'il, 'EfUcT ~ I
~ I Tffi' a... , ~ 41 <.'1- 31~;g~-qi~~"' '~
fl, ffl ,
Four classes of tantra- Action- J?,J;g;<5J <'i I W-lT tJ1'cT I
tantra, performance-tantra, The four guardian goddesses-
yoga-tantra and highest yoga- AnkusI, PiisI, Sn\.khalii and
tantra. Ghai;i\ii.
t••rr::ia·~111·i"'i·r::i~1 ;f'l,~"l'i"'i·2Ja.·~o,· (or<1a'~'i·!·9r:.·~~r~or,rr::i~1 ,s"l'~3JO,'
i"'i1 J.l~"'i'<l"-'Sr:.· tz:i·<ia.· ~111· ii\ I i"111· 'i"l'%t:_·J.jr:_'1·"li'lll'<lf "'~'i'<l' tr:_ -~,:_· ;("1'
~-"f"-'"l'Q ("-·«a.·1111· i"'i I ~""llll'QQIII' ~ lll'<lf 9'iJ.llll'C.9''iC.'~"'i'<lf ~111 ·..i J.10,'
<1a.·1111·i'1·~11 'i<l"'i'<li{ll
~~ ·i'1<t11i1: 'IITTrti<11:- '«Jfifq: 1;!;<;:1'ftil: "'I Ii:1'111'.l I,:-
1-Ji::1~1~i::1i:i1-Ji::1R-tc1:, ~: ~fl <'i et Ii <is-'j,tl ~ il , 31 ,,<h.% qi:
' ~ .,.
'l ii R-t c1:, e14-trn, ~ 4a '1 'l s'1 <'+I c1:. fFf11~1 'cl, '34G~lfiA1'"'1:, q;Tl:[-
«P1ictc1,01,i51R-tcl~il I f£1 rn Fil ~ c/J1 ~ I
ftl.r ~~ ~ TITT" 'I tit ct-! q "11<1'11 {tltl'.!'11) ~ ~ ~<Rf
("1•1<111, ~~ ~ uftct'1 ~ ¥. 3111'.l Iii 'i(ii1fi Tffi' 11'<'liR' ~
Tffi' 'Ii;) ct-1 cl)- 'lg rn I~ g 14 <ITT '!G.•l<'I {'ljOll)- ~fl<'ietli ~
'l§l<'+tcl, ~ <ITT 'l6l<"<ict, <lsWf, 31 ci1 i%qi ~ ,fl 'ffi ~l.
e1 4il w~ 4a'1 <ITT >i $1 R1 et W-TT '3 q ~~I~ I'<1 <1i!IT q;T1:[ ~ furn 'If
«PI\ et t1, oI <ITT 'l $1 <'+I et I fcl~$) I
The four great occasions in Four types of base-like persons
Buddha's life- The occasion who are appropriate to
when he displayed miracles, the practice meditation- He who
occasion when he attained observes moral discipline and
121
Set of Four
has n1any teachings, who has i:; cl.I {I I i$ Fc1 cfi "4 '11 <1:irT q Rcfi R;ci a-
less desire and has the attitude fc1 cfi "4 '11 I
{! I i$
of contentment, who has The four conceptual appre-
received instructions and who hensions to be removed on the
abides in the isolation of body peak of training on the path of
and mind. meditation- Grasping at
( 5.r<ll'l.·'ll111·Al·<:1~\ ~c;-~·'ll111·a:i I (,:~i:l.· engagement, grasping at elimi-
nation, apprehension of the
'l 111·a:i 1 !''-1''-li:l."<lll]'<>l 1 SJ"~ll]l!-l''-li:l.·'ll9· substantial entity and appre-
hension of the imputed pheno-
a:i?f11 mena.
ill'<ll,: 1-ll<FIIRl<'lcfil:- Rict1R'1C'lcfi:, j<l''-1'<:!~J '1°i'i"'1 ~J!.l"i"'l a;91!-l'i"'l
1-j fil IR, C'1 cfi:, f.'11-J j OI R, C'1 cfi :, affeRT-
cfi, oI R, c'1 cfi ~'tl R'i I "1f91!-l'i"'·2f11
"ilR 1-1 I <FIi-Rt C'1 cfi- RI ct-1 R, C'1 cfi. ~tl'l1<1,0111- cM~llcl,"l'l,
1-j flJ IR'I C'1 cfi, f.'11-J j OIR'I C'1 cfi <1:irT '"'\!.'" ' '
$141cl>/OII-J, fi"il'llci,oi_ fi~R'itllcl-
31 f.'! "ii cfi , oI R, c'1 cfi I '
xui "iifc'f I
The four drops- The heart drop "ilR llcfi" ~ 311<1,DI- cfc'l~llc!,OI,
(the innermost essence of teach-
$141c!, 0 1. fi"il'llc!, 01 <1:irT fi~R'i-
ings), the jewel drop, the
tllc!,01 I
emanation drop and the
The. four obscurations (Obstru-
indestructible drop.
ctions)- Delusive obstructtion
{&r"l&I' tf.,·t·~'-·s'ij·111·<l·Q~1 a.~9·<1· (obstruction to liberation),
obstruction to wisdom (obstru-
9~c;·\9 ~llj"<l"llj~c;·\9 i;J!.l"Q,li::°i'\9· ction to omniscience), obstruc-
tion of attachment and impeding
<IJ "'Ii lljl!-l'a.le::°i·\9·<1?fJ I obstruction.
~ O'tl : 1-1 I <'Fll 111 ,f IJ.ml" 4) 11f-ll
._,~·&1·1~'Q'<:!~J ~°ii $'3JJ £"9l'll
Y't 4 f«l cfi <"I '1 I= - f.'I cJ. fi'l1 !1161-
fcl cfi "4 '1 I, 31 j<')_ f2n {11 t,l fc1 cfi "4 '1 I, c;9·~aJ·af11
i:: cl.In Ii$Fc1cfi"4'11. q R<fiR;cia {I Iio-
ill'<IIR <ll•l~"IC'llf.1- ';!~lcJ1c;:,
Fcl cfi "4 '1 I "iifc'f I
~~F-1.11-J, Yl{JISll'l. ~ 'El I
'i'iN "l I <I '1 1-lfr'f 11..ml""llT'T ~ "' '
"ilR ~-3lqJ;WC'I-
. 'J: ~ Icl Ii; (~
Y't"ll" f«l cfi <"I - f.'I cJ. fi'l1 {1161-
fcl cfi "4 '11, 31 j<')_ f2n !1161 fc1 cfi "4 '11,
iillc'111), ~ (p ,:m.n),
( cfi ell ,
cl"il"'1')
q I {J ISll ~
~ (ell~ ~ "i,ffif) I
122
Set of Four
Four verbal non-virtues- Telling "" ~-'!:i""''if'''V.'-'Q I ~o.i·;·'"1o.i·o.i·t1J1·

lies, slander, harsh speech and
idle gossip. :i/l.\9·il1·af9·~"IJ ~o.i·;·~~·o.i·cii\
CJJ Cl_ij"l';·9~"1'"1'UJ\:i1 ~o.i·;·~'i!J'
--
c.l!.l''l"'~'\''l~'ili''\C.'i51)p\''l'Q~f 9~11.1·ora;·
~
~9':i.~'"l'u.J'j''l'I_ 1l
""ti~1 ~31 11.1·:i· a;· 31 ti~ 1 r31·:i,;· a;·""ti~ I
c. 11.1·1:1_s1·a;·""t1~·~11 il (ii I,: '1("-1'1:TI"ll '1-l I:- fcrq-i:/wf."ff-
i/J ii: oIr1 fi1 f.'I fc! i/J cCY r1 U1 I$11'1 'j,
f.rcl~r•11•ft1.1·
''11'fl<i'l.
~~-
~-
ft.Qffi'r-
fi-1,ijq_
~,~- ,,
' ' i/J ii: oIl-J , fl l-J "Ffl i:'l:J If.'\-1 i/J ii: oi
'
itfu I
·,i~11"fl-1.1-l-J, ~ ilfc'f I 'ilR '1('ll'lffi1-l I '1-l- 11<Dci cf; fcrq-i:i
'
'ifR ~1'.1'•-11•ft1.1 ft~. ii fi-1 '21 l-J 11 wf."ff 'i/JT i/J Ii: oI ~
~. fi-1~1q>111fl1.1 (f:m
f.'I Fc! "' c,q fi'r:RIT-'$IT1' 'i/JTI iJlTITT
~I t_ 3TitfR ii fi-1 '21 l-J 11 '!ii f.'a i/J ii: oI,
The four levels of the Path of ,-l!IT1 ii fi-1 '21 '111 '!11 f.'\-1 i/J ii: oI (f:m
Preparation- Aid to existence, fl '11 "fl , ~ <'1.11.1 ii fi-1 '21 l-J 11 wf."ff-
aid to degeneration, aid to i/J ii: 01 I
regeneration and aid to Four types of apparent direct
deifinitive discrimination. cognition- Deceptive percep-
c.51·~1·<11~'<>lll!'Q~f j,:,·o.i 31·!1 I ~.. ~I tion of the object said to be the
non-conceptual wrong percep-
1;1~\:i1 l"l'3Jl9·<!f1 tion, deceptive perception on
the basis, deceptive perception
f.rill'.l"l 1• ft 1.1· ~~- 'i:!il'l-j'-
on the place and deceptive
~ 1.11' Il-J I' ff.'li'jlQ'l-l I'fl '-1'1, ~ - perception on the immediate
''1 I1fl'-1 'j. l\il-J f.'I 4'if'1 I1fl '-1'1, 3-f'J-
condition.
~ tj f.'I 4\'cT'l 11fl ii i\fc'f I
'ilR ~1'.11-ll •ftl.1- ~ 1.1'11 I 'lT'f cf; 151(~''!:jiSl'Q~\ 'jc:JZ::'<l'i51f~·'!:15J\ ul1·~·
l:!,1Sl=l ~ - ~ >11 1fl1.1. oJ(~-i!ioJJ ,:,:::·~9·oJt~-i!i5JI ~"rci_[,;·
ai l-l f.'I 4'ifll II fl 1.1 (f:m 3-f'JWI
(~>nm,) ~ I ""t~·'!ioJ'~II
The four levels of the path of
preparation- Path of Prepara- ~ET 11('ll'!ffill- ,, R 1.1 ~ ,<ia'!"j.
tion's Heat level, Peak level, 1-f',:];l"fll'a'fl-J,
' f<I {-{ ~ c; 1 ];l"fll'a'fl-j,,
Patience level and Supreme 1.11 fi'I ~ ,l.1&f ilfc'f I

Dharma level.
123
Set of Four
'qR ]Jf&lff- lif;;llll<'lla'f, furn- <1fit1R a...;;csi1t;1,HJ1f.'I- ~=.

~a'f. 'f<N-icl.-;'1 ~a, <1~ <i li,Y I q ·. 31 ':l,tq, , :, 'il\'1 f;; ll uI
lflfTI ll ,lla'f I gcfti fa 1-11 $ I<"-'li '1)fu I
Four types of direct cognition- ~ * 'qR 'ilt!l,"'l- ~-
Sensory direct cognition, mental

ofs-'3qlll, '1 ':!.*' (1~ 'l.ll'f
lif;:11 ~ ~ ~ cpl '11$1<'-ll I
direct cognition, direct cogni-
Four greatnesses of tantra- Not
tion of self-awareness and yogic confused, having manifold
direct cognition. means, easier to practice and
requiring sharper intellect.
&1(~·,&raf')'&l'l:l~J ')'IC:.'<l'&1(~·'!i&1'a(1'&1J
!."111l'~·"1~11l·f.ll:llll'r:i~ I ~\'Ja.·"l"iIll'
ai 1·~·&1t"i·'ii&1" ar1·&1 r "-C:.·~"1 ·&1("i. l!i&I'
fill:!~ 1 " <>l
&( &1·:/
,\i "1~ Ill' fill:!~ r "1 "~ 1·~..,.
ar1·&11 ",,r"-s"'·&1("i·'ii&1·,E\&1il;'l[
?:Ja.· "l"i~· fil" ~ r
i'k1.-;1q'(l1.[T,
ll 'i 10 i '1)fu I f<l "i I q,~.
~:J.'<'11 cl'1<2n, fi'i Iqcfll-
'iITT" 11<'ll'lff 111lfOT- ~f;;llll<'lla'f- ~ '1)fu I
ll•llOI, Rict11l,ll!:-lll'il 0 1, f<lficl.-;'1- ~ <!ft' 'qR ~ - "11'.l<';-
~IH\l'il"I <1~ lflf1'ill,ll!l11l'il 0 1I ~. f<I "1 I q ~ . 1T'fR f.rnT
Four direct valid cognizers- ~ ~ (1~ fi'ilqfffl ~
Sensory direct valid cognition, ~I
mental direct valid cognition, Four moments of tantra-
Awakening moment, moment of
self-awareness direct valid
dream, moment of deep sleep
cognition and yogic direct valid and moment of meditative
cognition. absorption.
111f'\,,11Jlll'~·r:i~1·1:1~1 l'"1 lfl'Q.;s~,r~·"'.;i11
ar:i~·&1c:.·1:11l.·~1''J'<s1 1"1"-''l'a:l1·CJ1l.·~1· i..,~·a:l1·~'Q'.;i1[ 1"1C!.'f-\'<1'.;i1l ~&I~'
'J"-r 11:1,:;·?:f·'(r:ia.·~1·'J ,._.r:i..s~·~11 s1·~·<l'.;i\<l..s~·ai"i·~11
124
Set of Four
i:lci'II~: ~W<;<l>l 'il~I:- '{i~R11c1- i:ld'tl) '151.-JEI:- '1,iPII ' '

ftr..'3'
r:
1JR:, 3rnR11c11-11>1:, 5,Ra1-11>1:.· Tfc!- ~ ii1 '.).'51:, 11 j-1 I i:I I
q1
1-ll'l ~ 'cl R1 I
'ifR -Mr ~ '1W~ 1ff'{-
'11cF1 c;\ ~"' 111 c;"i, 31 fcl l".l 1.-J c;"i,
'f~'1c;'1 (fi'l"Ull'f~'1c;'1) i:11
ti~R1 t1'-1 Ix, 31~R1t11-1l'l. 5,Ra1-11'l
'<lR '151-i~lli- 'T'TT, ~
~ •141-ll'l I
§li\1'.).?I (lm 115,.,11
The four miiras (evils) of the "llT
Cutting Off tradition- Obstru- 'l'jq ctt "'fcf\. <!WfT ctt "'fcf\.
ctive mara, non-obstructive 31 fcl "1 I ctt "'1cft ~ ~
mara, joyous mara and the mara (fi'I"~ <f~) ctt "'fcfl
1 I
of haughtiness. The four rivers (big rivers)-

~ :, c,,,"' - '-'.C,,,
Ganga, Sindhu, Brahmaputra
i"ri:i., I ~i<l~''l"-·~·1:11 ii ~''l"-·~·1:11 and Yamuna.
OR
ar~·'la· ~·<:J 1 <:JJ'-'<:Ja·~· <1~11 River of cyclic existence, river
~Er 11'6 ci'l 'l, ('l'fR: )- T.l]fi,- of craving, river of ignorance
'J, '{>~ 't, f.'!;,-; I'.),'6(-q 't, fi'1"2ZIT- and river of wrong view.
'J,'6(-q 't, 'li<'<f>lx'.),'6cii ~ I i"i·?f<1~l ~~"1-"-f';~·i"i·?f1 111~111~·~·
TlR Y"<l>R ~ 11"'6"ci'1" ('l'fR)-
~ "'1 'J,'6 (-tj , f.'! ;,-; I "'1 '],'6 (-tj , i"i·?fi r~·~·i"i·?f1 "1~ ~-i"i·;:j,{11
fi'l"2ZIT 'J,'6(-q ~ f1 (-tj-, I'{ "'1
~m <Jic;"t11 'i"-S<1'i!"rn1.
'.),'6 (-q I
'{ijq>J 5cf1 I, U4'1 i5cf1 I, c/J I 4'-li5cf1 I
Four types of heaviness- Heavi-
i:I I
ness of degeneration, heaviness
of contempt, perverted heavi-
'i'fR If i;ctl I~-- '1 o;g c'I ctt '1i;cf1 I,
"{i,'1' ctt '1 i; cf1 I, Wl ctt 1-1 i5 cf1 I
ness and the heaviness of
respect. (fm ffl ctt '1 i5cf1 I I
The four greatnesses- Greatness
t·ifi:i~I ~·&1·111~·1 o'l!I ll1~,;·?f1 "l·~· of mai:u;!ala, greatness of form,
greatness of Dharma and the
~'Cli5~'~11 greatness of activity.
")<;'"ii i-~Ql·Cl~I ~,;-2,-~"i·~·i·"-~"11 s"i·
!l~·'la·~·Q1 !l~·'la·~·Q1 ~·~111·1:Ja·~· ~ ~:JiCl~·'la· r-"-~"1 1 ~CJ<;'Cl~",Cla· r·
".~"11 i<li~·<i1l:{·<J.~"1'Cli5~'~1 I
125
Set of Four
'i'RJfc'fEi Ylfi'li514<J:- ~ - Tl<'<IIR El4$11'11frt- ~ : ~ .

1514'1. 3Wl'<ll'1~1fai514'l. ~ - fl'.i<';lltl4$11'1"!, ~.
' '
111fa1514"!, 'J,,iF11111fa151,l ,W, I ~,W,1
'i'fR" Y<ll"lx et
111 fi'l 151 li'- f1 'l Ifa-
'ii[T'(Eflf$1f'l- ~ ~ . f1 '.ii-; ll
111 fa 1514. ~<i:ll"l!llfag14. 3lfi'r-
tl4$11'1, ~ "(;"W 1Wf-
~c/,~lfai514 ~ 'J,"1'11~1fai514 I
tl4$11'1 I
The four types of miracles (the
four concentrations according The four types of knowledge of
to yoga-tantra) Miracles of reality- Knowledge of the
concentration, miracles of bless- reality of suffering, knowledge
ings, miracles of empowerments of the reality of the origin of
and miracles of worship. suffering, knowledge of the
reality of cessation and
knowledge of the reality of
<I\ Sltl]'CliSOJ'~SJOJ'iS')' iz:ii·CI tQJ'CJ I a;.,.
~
path.
~oJ .,.;s"i. ( c:: ~,; 'Cl'\tl]'5) "i. <I\ ~·,;a;. "I OJ'
oJi''\'"l'Cl~l ~·oJl11 a;,;·oJl11 z:iio,,;·
r.i.10,·<1·~·C1ii\ I
oJl11 ~·F°·a;·~'\'~'oJ£'\'"lii11
Tl <'•II R Ef'f q c; I r.t- 31 f.1 i;'ll I: wt-
-R t<l> Ix r.~:<SIT: f14fllilcll:, ~ :
'i'RJfc'fm l{..ufl- tj I$.I 'J,"11, Glv:rrc'l-
'!"fT. :),tu 'J,"11, "(;":!I i'i I'J,"11 ,W, I
f.1xlc'-11'1: ~ : . ~ f.1c1\uj
'i'fR" Y<ll"lx <il'\' l{._ufl- ~ '!"fT.
,W, I
Glv:rrc'l '!"fT. "'1tu" 1filT ~
'i'fR" Ef'f f.t ll 'l- "f1'lll t1 'NJ 1,
"(;"11fi'11-1fi!T I
31 f.1 i;'ll t_ "f1'lll f1 I "1 cl wt ~:"@ -g,
Four types of offering- External
~ wt ~ q ~,lc'-ll'Jili t
offering, internal offering,
"(;"W f.1c1\01 ~ mRr t I
secret offering and offering of
Four seals of the doctrine- All thatness.
compounds are impermanent,
all contaminations are suffering, ~z:ii·~a;·f,;·crCl~l '!:\"l'll.f"-'tf·I .:Jz:ii·.:J·
all phenomena are empty and
selfless and nirv[11;za is peace. CJ'!!;'! r.i.'4z:ii.,·a1!.rs1 ~oJ·.fo,·~.,·~11
lo,·~o,·CJ~J tz:ii·CJtQJ·lo,·~.,I 1a;·r.i.§,;· Tl <'cl I~) <.'!) if> q I<'I I:- I')_ i'1 xI"I;; :•
fi1{aql&,:, fi1{acr.cli:, cg~,~'tlfa I
lo,·~"1 r.i.llfz:ii·<1·lo,·~"I QjoJ·lo,·~o,· 'i'fR" <.'!) if> q I <'I- 'qi'i" "I;;. fi1 {a q l&f,
fi1{acr.<li ~ ~ I
~II
126
Set of Four
The four directional protectors- 3l"$1R nm TJl'lfR ~ 0 c; ix a I cJfr

Drtar~\ra, Viriipak~a, Virii- fi1 q1-J <11 cfi c/, ix oI 3l"$1R I
<;lhaka and Kuvera. Four causes of ignorance of
Sravaka- Distant time of the
l~·,r~~·cr,:i~l iisi·c:it"ri.~·~"ll ;}"i' object, distant place of the
"'§e:;l~·~"ll "'.il]9''J't_~·~"ll "Jil.J't_!Sl' object, subtle nature of the
object, and profundity and
~"l·~11 vastness of the object.
i.i (,11 R 31.=ci ,i "' 1-11 Pi- ~= '311 '<i ,i- ,;·?f~·~·~,:ia·'-·•l'c:i~ l isi ~ ·~il.J"l.;s~.ii:i\
;,i 1-1 '\, fl jG 111 '<i 11 $11 'i '\. f.'Rlm-
'<i 11 $1 H '\. 1-J I' Ij '<i 11 $11.--j ilfi'r I
,.'"-.g·c:ia. ~ I '4QJ'i "i'<Ja.· ~ I 9"i"l·c:i~"i·
T.fR 3l""<l t-ll ii f<l Ix: 11._<'1 PI <Ii I 'l I:-
The four subsequent know- 'f<'i *1 c1\fu-1 cl Ic;l, 1-J !5 lfl ifu c/,:,
ledges- Subsequent knowledge

of suffering, subsequent know-
ledge of the origin of suffering,
'}I I *
~R1,c11c;1, flfi'+ldll1~ilRI I
"'r'IR 11._<'f PJ I 'l -
'f<'1 *1 cl\ fu-1 cl Ic;l, 1-J !51 fl ifucb,
subsequent knowledge of the ~R1,c11<!1 nm flfi'+lct111 1
cessation and the subsequent The Four Basic Schools of
knowledge of the path. Sravakas- Mulasarvastivadin,
Mahasanghika, Sthaviravadin
,~.,~·~·~·~~·<Ja·i·,:i~l ~"l·~·c:i~OJ·'J"l.
and Sammitiya.
51 ~"l·'J1 9~"l·~·c:i~QJ.'J"l' 51 '~1Sl·<Jr (
~·c:i'"-·"1;·r.rc:i~l "'~~·<J1 ~·c:i1 {"J'~il.J"l'
Q' c:i ~QJ·'J"l'5l·~ "l' 'JI
i::i~ OJ·c:i~9"l'i1.Ji'9·"'~"i I ,:i~9·':i'ij·c:i~11
'J"l'5l ·~ "l''J~II
~EJlj,Ql<:.l'i'l- xf'T:, crfic,
'511<1<1it-ll 'r'(f<IIR 31$11-1 <1>1,•11Pi-
c/,l<'lfi1J.1cjj'1:, ~1'1fi1J.1cjj'1:, 1Jl"fu't-
c;1,fi1J.1cjj'1, fi1J.1c/,'1: ilfi'r I
"'r'IR J.I I '<
crfic,
*
~n<'i~aq,11-1~\:, 31t: 1fz~i!RI I
\:141 c; 1-1- TI'T,
~n<'i~aq,11-1~\ nm
*ITT *
'511 R * 31 $11 'i
 I'< o1- <!5T<'1"- fi1 J.I iii'<'. (~)
31t: 1fz I
Four types of compulsive
cfi c/, Iq OI 31"$1R, ,ma,- acquisition: That of Desire,
ITT
li-1 J.I iii IS;'. cfi c/, IqOI 31"$1R, view, thinking of the moral
~-li-1 J.I iii'<: ITT cfi c/, ix OI discipline and practices as
superior and the egoistic view.
127
Set of Four
~ a- - " i!.l")&f<1' ") ')'<I ! <I 'i'll' '11"1'\ 'i!.l")i!.I' <I'") 'i 1
~~')..ll]IN'~&f<l'C1'1J ")'\'i!.IC:IN'oJC:'<I\ i!.J'
'4'\' 11~\i!.i")i!.i'<J'~ 'i I "'~'11'~'1· l <ll <:J~'i·
'i~·<11t!!f<111N·<S1 ilf·s'i·~l!,I-~c:IN·r.i 1 ('\ ('\('\ ('\-
i!.l")oJ' <J' ") 'i 1 !':l 'i. "I' i!.I ") i!.J' <J' ") 'i. 'i 11
'11"1'\'~' i<:JC:'~'~X, r.i:{11
~Ell i/Pltll q" <"l fF-1 ct I.
~q: 311.fl.-Jct:- cf&l~l<ll§"'-1"[.
3lj~ifl1Sqc/J"fl'1ctl "cl, ~
31c/J"'-1101 fi'blct I, '3 q c/J, 01 fc1t1 lct :,
'"1'cfil'l If fl '1 ct I, '-1 cl ~ I'1 fl.l r.J fl '1 ct I
'cf'R y ~
(3lfw!,
*
q " ct "51' Ii itft'r I
~
Gl"J- cf&l~l<ll§"'-1
'cfiT iA'T).
itft, I
'cf'R y ~ qft fl 'l d I ~- q" <"l et)
fl'1ctl, 3lj~ifll ~ 3l4c/J" et)
31 c/, "'-11 oIfi'1 "l ct I (1:1T'11 fi'1 "l ct I), fl '1 ct I, 3ITo '"1'cfit!l!T ct\ fl '1 ct I
'3 q c/J,01 Fc1 tJ lct ('3 q c/J, 01) et) 'cfi'lft)
Tim 1fcf ~ ~11f.'d et) fl'1ctl I
~ q"ct"?(l.l ( ~ ) I Four types of sameness-
Four types of fault- Having Sameness in both self and
much delusion, having manifold others (both self and others are
non-virtuous friends, lacking equal in ultimate state),
necessities and to be under sameness in the benefit and
another's power. harm (both self and others are
'11~'\'Q'<l~J ic:'<:Jd.''l'f~'\''ll 'l'f~d.''l'f~'I' equal in wishing to be benefited
and not wishing to be harmed),
<JJ ~'11' ~C:'<:Jd.''l'f ~ '\'?SJ ~i!.J'<IX,'~'l'"'~'I' sameness in the Eight Worldly
Concerns (both self and others
<id.''l'f~'l'<J/(11 are equal in having the Eight
iH'<I Iii: yftrqen:- 1.n; 101~ RI qe=r:, Worldly Concerns) and
c1-11~faqacr:, ~acr:, sameness in the samsara and
peace (both the samsara and the
fc1<tqu1rnfaq&1~-i1RI I
state of liberation are the same
'cf'R yftrqlff- ~\,IOl~faqfil, ~ -
in ultimate state).
'S!fcrqfil, ~ Tim
fc11,qo11~faqacr I 1i::J!111·arci~1 i!.lf"Cl.'Cl.!!l' ~c;·ll'll i!.lf"Cl.'
The four antidotes- Antidotes of '1. !!f·LJ.JC:·ll '11 ll ·oJ'•>I' ~ e;·ll '11 Al' i!.J' LJ.JC: ·ll '11· .
abandonment, counteracting
one's antidote, prolonging one's
antidote and overcoming
negative forces. ik'cf Ii/: R.i ct1 RJ t'1 <t> I:-
-s IFcl, "11 RI m RI t'l c/J :•
128
Set of Four
"51 Fil, ..fl>i,ll Rf1 <1 i:/i:, fc1 1-J <1 fi'I ":1- "IC:'°il
Rl rn R1 <1 i:li :, T[: "ill Rf1 <1 i:li ~ i1 I
'<IN RI ctl Rt <1 - ""5Ti:/i--s IFil, ..f1 er;
~c:·"·1f"·ci/:\·~ c:·?. 'f.l.~°i I ~c:·'l·i!J:i\ci/:\·
fil rn fc1 <1 i:/i , ""5Ti:/i -s IFil, ..f1 cf;
'ill R<-1 c1 i:/, (<M-m). fc1y c1 fi'I c1
er; Rl rn R1 c1 i:li TI:m "T' er; ~llj~·ci/:\·~ c:·?. '"-~"i l ""''a;1·al ~·ci/:\·~ c:·
''j,l1Rf1<1i:li (<M-m) I ?. '"-~"i'll~~-o:i°i·~11
The fourfold heart-essence,
(innermost essence)- Heart- "IC:"°il
essence of :t;>aka-:t;>akinI,
quintessence of :t;>aka-:t;>akinI,
"-~"i'CJ/:\ ~C:'C.'"-~"il 'lg"i'"-~~-~·~c:·?.·
heart-essence of Vimalamitra "-~°il ~i!J~·~·~c:·?.·t.1.~°il ~1·ciq·~c:·
and the quintessence of Guru.
?.·~°i-~11
Qi"i'l'l'"l°i'"l~'Q~! ll~"i'CJJ lll"-"
-.-(('cl(~: 'tll-Jll'.lll:- '1'1"5;'11-Jf1'11!£r:,
ll~"i'CJJ t:J''IJ i"'CJ':i°i·?Sa:'11 'I' I'l' 151,iHi 1-J 1!£r:, fc11-J <1!.1'1f11-J Iiu:,
'
'<l f,11 R fl <11 'tl Iti '11 s.i; 'TTI1- R-i g fc1 q f'Ai <.1 f1 1-J IJu ~ 'ii fc1 I
qf
311 fl fc1 a:, <3qflfc1<.1:, sifclqfi"a:,
311 c1'li:1i<1 i£l f1 'i Iiu:, 'i['<i, q I c•i'I </J-
I-Ji51!.lfc1qfc'a~i1 I
f1 Y1!£r:, cf\'qfl'1i:1iR ~ si Fc1 tcti Y1!£r:,
'<lR "flcrr-f1 It! '11 <6
311 fl fc1 <.1, '3 q fl fc1 <.1, 31q~fili:li,i1-Jllu~-i1R1 I
qf
'1-J"ITT- !.I R1 q R'a I
Vi.-i';f1'1 Ifc:r:, q~,Qfjl-J 1fc:r:, ftlrn-
Four limbs of the approaching
retreat (Four aspects of +11-Jlfc:r:, sfl'1if11f11-JI~ I
approach and accomplish- '<IN "\l"<!>T'{ c6'I fl SJ I~ ll i '1'1 ' I1-J
ments)- Approaching through f11-J I1£r, ' I' 1.-J' i'-'1 f11-J I1£r, fc11-J <1
vi~ualizing a symbolic being, f1 1-J If£r TI:m R-i g fc1 q fi4m" f1 1-J Iiu I
the close approach, accomplish- m
ment and the great accomplish- 311 <11i:/i<1&:f-f11-J I1£r, q<i,.ll l<1li:1i
ment. f11-J IJu, cf\'qftl-101> R ~ 11 !,I Fc1 <c
f1 1-J If£r Til2ff 314'1 fil i:/i f1 1-J Ifc:r I
m
ll.~°i I °ii!J' i!Jflll.' i!J~\ ~l'~ c::2:f.l.~°i I ~ 'i!J' \Ji'<; f1SJ Ifc:r, <f14,iSJ I!£r, fil rn f11-J I f£r
al1·ci/.l:~ c:·?. 'f.l.~°i l ~ c:·~· ~i!J'CJ"-'f.l.~ c:· "C;ci sfl '1 if1 If1 '11 f£r
The four concentrations-
CJ/:\·~ c:·?. 'f.l.~°i'~l I Concentration going like a hero,
129
Set of Four
concentration like a sky- ~<!\' t;'Q.~"l'ct:,;·.,,:;·q·~3J"r.rq l

treasure, stainless concentration
and concentration like a loftily tlj ~<l\",lllj~"t/j r.\Q"l"CJ"i'i<l\i "1<!\~·~ci~·
looking lion. q;{II
OR
Concentration of achieving ~fc'ltl: 1;n-fl <"l fl '.j,c<ITG:- 1H fu Ic/5:.
perception of clarity (empti- ~ Ic/5 ~ c/5 • ~ : . 3Wlft'1.1 c/5 ~' g <'fl ,<1 tl ':!,c<ITG-
increase of the perception of a,Jilrci,, ~ I c/5 ~ c/5, ~ "C!c[
emptiness, concentration which
~I
understands suchness one-
Four types of Pratityasamutpii.da
sidedly, and uninterrupted
(dependent origination)- Mome-
concentration.
ntary, continuous, connected and
OR
Concentration of wish, concen- temporal or conditional.
tration of effort, concentration
of mind and concentration of
analysis. "'"lC:, ~. t/a.. tl.J,l\""I I!] 3J(<l\ ·q""."' ~ci· q,;·s '\.
'"1'a;'\'ij'ct~J cJS'\" c:,,·a.~<l\ ·t1 I al'\· t1"" · qq_. tl.J,l\""II!] 3J(<l\. t/"". ~CJ" qq_. tl.J <l\. "Ill)' qf1
~,l\"t/j Cl'\'ll"J""'~<l\"tl\ '\(~-q·3J~"3J" g dl<"l tl 'j,<"l I Gif<.I "'<" TfR 3iTf-
g<'fl,<ltl'j,<"lli;
ip)c<1:- t1c;_!H~:. 31+1<';,!lli;:, ~ - 31ITa1'<f, ~ Tim
3ll<'•Blli;:, ~IHOl\118~'<1fa I ~I
~11~qo1"1 ~ ~
~GT"d" Four limbs of dependent origin-
ai11,11Re1 TfR 1p)~,iifl<;,t11t!. nation- Projecting cause,
3l+i<;,lllt!. 311<1-l\118 Tim 1'flq-
projected effects, materializing
c'!e-i01t11g I
cause and materialized effects.
The four possible combinations ~"l'"l'Cl~\ ( ~51'~1!j'Cl~J) ;i,<l\'~,:; ~-Ill~"'
based on the extreme of eter-
nailism and nihilism- Grasping {"1 ~3J·5,:;·"1~"-~"1 ~~-~<l\{ll]"tlj
at the existence, grasping at the
Cl1jllj~""-~<l\'~llj"t/;{ll
non-existence, grasping at the
existence of self and the ~m
grasping at the phenomena iffi ~Ill It;l c/5 01'1 I,
having characteristics.
130
Set of Four
ell q c; 11 ~ lli.l cfi <A 11, I< "-1 sl 11;.1- on wisdom not on ordinary
cfi <A '11, q $1 fr,-i !ll tU q-; <A '11 ilfcr I mind and relying on definite
<IN l]<fil'{ ~ "'<"l '11 (:°- <Fcffi- meanings and not on the
mm <!><"-1'11, ellqi;l'1U lli.l cfi<"-111, interpretative meanings.
i;; ell Q Ii'U cfi <A '11 Tim q $1 fr,-i ~ Ii'U
cfi<"-111 I
Four types of conceptions ~i!,jl!,l",';1'31 'ry<lj"CJ 1 ~9· ,:J,';l!,l'~i!,11!,l',';1" i9·
(conceptualization)- Concep-
tion of grasping at deluded "t"<'i;] 1 ~"l'~i!,11!,l'"\ f z::·~z::·i;i19·al 1'
phenomena, conception of CJ! ~:r Z::<>j."l "l '"'1"l' CJ'~.J:]~11
grasping at purified phenomena,
conception of grasping at subs- i:l cl ,a) <! ~ f.'I fli ctl 'j,"1:"T: - 31 f.'I ,'-11 :
tantial phenomena and concep- <ii4x-if<l51,1:, ~:i's!T: <ii4</iltMI:,
tion of grasping at imputed :/1"'-lf.'l,1,'11'1: ~:. ~
phenomena. f.'I qj 01 ilfcr I
(1i·•rJ:J~\ l<lr\"i'i!,j{"i'\i\'"l'tji\1 9c:~9· '<IN <l~-f.'lflict1 11m- x=mt
'Ii f<l51, 31 f.'I ,'-1 t, "Wll <ii I'(.-I q w\
"l'i!,l'tj"i' ~"l'<>l'tj"i ! ~i!,j'~ l!,l'"l 'i!,j{"i' u;i '
~:<l[ -g, x=mt w\ ~ q
~ l!,l' <>l'tji\ ! ,iZ:: '\"i '"l 'i!,j{"i'~ !Sl'\i\'"< 'tji\' 4,1<1-119;rn %c1m f.'lq\01 ~ ~
J:J'Q,';l!,l'~l! %1
Four seals of the view (Four
<1i:i11R 11Rl>l1~•11f.'I 31!!.Jqffi~1,•11 seals of doctrine)- All corn•
1 &i;:,i.-iqffi~1,01a1. 1c14qffi~1,011 pounded phenomena are
'1 '.J},'IC'lqffi~1,01a1, $11'1qffi~1,011 impermanent, all contamina-
1 Fc1$11qffi~1,01a1. ~clqffi~1,011 tions are suffering, all pheno-
1~ilfcr1 mena are empty and selfless,
<IN l]<fil'{ ,t 11Rl'l1,•1- 31cl "cfi"T and nirvii,;za is peace.
!,l ffi ~ h! oI cITT' ""I fen ell. "1 '1 "cfi"T, w\
!"-'J:J".,"-'J:Ja·f1:1~1:1."'i"'·1:1·.,"'·1:1a·,·
"cfi"T q ffi ~I, 0I cITT' '1 fen g,4' IC'1
"cfi"T, "$1"Fl "cfi"T !,l ffi ~I, oI cITT' '1 fen '1~\ i!,j',l!,l'CJ! "<!J'3l1'CJ\ 3J'~"l'CJ'
fc1 $11 '1 "cfi"T Tim .. <i 1'11' "cfi"T n ( ,:J~,:J-~'3J'~"l'CJ') ~ij'3JC',l!,l'i!,IC',' 1~11
!,l ffi ~ 1, oI cITT' '1 fen -armci "cfi"T I
Four types of reliance- Relying i:li:illR ai1qRt-Ji,1,1ftl1- :oi.-i1c;,:,
on meaning and not on the !.l'11<;:, 31$11'1'1 (~-3l!.lffi$1H'j),
expression, relying on teachings ~ 12,c1t,1 ~ I~ i) ffi I
and not on the person, relying
13 I
Set of Four
31141«1 <ITT" ~- 31'11c;x, <!]''-J'<l'1"ll!l'c.J . <il!l·ci I )

W!TG, ~ (m ~ 3Rfam
~ ) ~ <l§ih'1~1 I
i
~"\·t· Cll!lj ~Ol'c.J"'''!i"\'~"\'C,J~' (Cll!lj
Four doors of moral downfall- !'\'C,J~. i Cll!I!
"l ~ ii\.ij,"'.l"\'J' ~ l!I' '-J'"l l!I'
Disrespect, unconscientious-
ness, ignorance (Ignorant about ~<!]''-J~' i CJl!l'~ll
the precepts) and excess of
delusion.
<11'-'"\l
iJ\C::'~ (ci1!11 "1"1"\'t·fci1!11 ~~-(Cll!lj
(,:;·1:1·~1·,:i~l '\~l!l·ij·(r:::·<r~'\I '\~l!l-&i\
(r:::·cr~'\I "'r:::·,:i~"\·(r:::·1:1·~1! "1"1"\·t·
i "''CJ~' i CJl!l'~ll
i
(i:f ,:;·q·~ 1·\11
'<l<'illR
il<'il I R
<1<"11f.'I
<I <'I I f.'I )-
(414~~1'11ll1:
3!T~i'-1 1 'i1TI'r I
~f"ll a I 'i1TI'r I .
<IT
<ITT" 'I l,.--I~ q} "il"<'1" (414~~1'11 i$
Four types of emptiness- '<ITT" <1"<'1")- 3!T'>!ll is! c'I, Rl 'i-q "I lisl c'I,
Emptiness of things, emptiness
im'r:re-ifljG li11x<lc'I ~ ~-
of non-things, emptiness of
4~islc'I I
nature and emptiness of other's
nature. The four opponent forces (The
four forces for confessing non-
(,:;·r.r~arq·q~l (r:::·1:11 ~"\·J·(r:::·c.Jj fr:::·
virtues)- Force of reliance,
i
C,J' i"\·ij, ~Oll!l'-o'j' r:;·q~ll force of refutation (repentance),
force of overcommg non-
~ ~~- ~"ll't, aifcl~["ll't,
virtuous actions through anti-
'l 51 ~["ll 't, fl 4~[--ti 'i1TI'r I
dotes and force of not repeating
'<ITT" Slcf>I~ q} 1ft'll- ~-
~r
31 Ri "ll . 'l 51 ~"ll <'ll1:IT fl c1 ~"ll 1 the non-virtuous actions.
OR
Four types of empty- The empty,
Inner power, other's power,
the extremely empty, the great
power of cause and power of
empty and the all empty.
application.
132
Set of Four
1131111'~' ' 'i!\'ll'~lll'",<l'~al''l'<l f ~Ill'<!' ff<.\tltj Ticf °ITTTI tl'icf>{>OII,

clll•Hi'i'i 31~~lJcf>{>OII ~ I
~Ill'§". i:ii.\.-~"I' >;<l [ <l "li!J' <I'~ Ill'§"'<:Ji.\.' '
"<l'N 11R <!ft 'ii; I <Ii '{i o 11- ;,cfr
?,
"1 "I '" <:J l
...,,.v C'\v' :.
"I '"I >;' <:J fj "l"I ' {> o11, 3TI'tTR et
tl 'i 1'1 -/i tl I</ ci,
<:Ji"I' <ii.\.·~ "I'"-<:J I i!J ")i!J' <1"-. "1"1"1. <ii.\.· "li.l.. mTI 3f&m cf,{>011, wt
ci, tl'il'1
~"l''\<:J'.$'1'al 1'<l~f I ~ ci, mTI {i'il'1 ~ ~
iJfR cflm cf> {> o11 '(;ci 311 cf> I~ I ci,
~Ell tJq\il'.l,&l 11ffl- ~ - tl'11'1 31~~'1 cf>{>"II I
"ll<fl, Rl "11 'i 4') , ~ fc1 {i i'...<l.11 '1 ~ C'l - Four types of great compa-
.i· •1&l t11 >IW, tl'ilf8t11Wlcf>I ssions- Compassion flowing to
31~1-11011 >iW ~ I the entire samsiira uninterrup-
'<IN 11<1>R <!ft t1 <fa1 '.l,&l Yffl- tedly like a river, inexhaustible
'j,t1 Y1.11. Rl"11'il.ll, ~Fcl{ii'...<l.11'1- compassion to the samsiira
~ C'l -/i 'J. &I t1 I >iW '(;ci tl 'i I f8 H- (cyclic existence), like the
p--;mri=rrur-,iw 1 support of all things, compa-
Four types of wisdom from the ssion to all sentient beings
view point of all- Wisdom equally like the sun and
acquired through hearing, limitless compassion like the
wisdom acquired through con- sky.
templation, wisdom acquired si-·i:i·<:J~f i!JS\i!\·q·~c;·<:J1 af·q·~c;·<:J1 *<:J'
through analytical power and
the limitless wisdom of the ~'-'<:Jf t1,;·~c;·<:J~il
ground of meditative equipoise.
~q q.flctJ"t (<t>lll<n61:)-
q~1rn41cJI, q.flrnY1<::, q{)rn<1lo:,
q~1 rn ~ I§~'<1 fc1 I
qq -~"l "1 ''(~·CJ'"-:i. <:JI "-F'\'<:J'~.i!J' ~1· "<l'N 11R ~ =q.flttclrn= (:t I ~1 ~ ~
qq_ ~"1"1''( i"'j'tl'<!j~ '<l.;i'<lf ':)i!\'~' i 3.l"I' Gl'Sr)- q{)rn TT<(-;,, q~lrn ~.
qq_·~i:ri"l·'(~·i!J'<l.;i'<:Jf 1<l"l'j ·al1·qq_·
q {I rn i:flo 'C;ci q {) rn <ns 1
Four sorts of physical disability-

~"l "1''( i!\3.l' i!Jf <l..<l.;i. <:J l Short neck, short legs, short
. ~
back and short arms.
'ii; I <Ii '{i o 11'1 c;l tl 'i
mTI 31FclWC:c/i{>VII, !Ji!\..;i-·.iiJ·i:i,a.·i:ii:i111·i:i~1 si:ri· iii\.~- 'l'lf "-.
-/itll~ mTI 3[e-Jljcfj{>OII, <:J<:J "11 r.r ~1·~- 'l'lf c,,· <:J<:J"l f i!J' ~1 ·~.
133
Set of Four
illusory body, the transmission

of clear light and the transmit-
ssion of consciousness trans-
T.lo'tl: fllEJl'(DII: <1-.-FtEll'(I:- ference and the intermediate
state.
~ . ~ . "fli'!-
~ . ~ ilfu 1 'il•ip,·i"i·2ilt·~9~·!·alz_·~·~Ill"!!l'-~·q~ 1
ifR 'tll"I 1~u1 cf'i'R-1'.ll'(I q
("fl'-.-11 Rt1 cf'i'R)- '15 l'j~ I cf5'r ~9~1 OJ'i5°"'' f"'ll!Jl ,;c;·i::i~°\·~11
t!RT, fi«J:-~ cf5'r t!RT, "fTi'!~ JJ i; I '-111 1 1) :;;it'll 'ii <'cl I'(: 4'-lf'-11:-
cfi'r tITTl ~ ~ cfi'r tITTl I '
•n-51'1, -!i'"r.crn
<11"1'(. mg:, ~-
The fourfold common transmit- (llc1tfa:) ~ I
ssions- The transmitssion of the JJi;l'-111-'lhr "if> ifR 4'-lf'-1-
Great Seal, the transmission of
the father-tantra, the transmit-
m, fu, mg~~
(llcltfa) I
ssion of the mother-tantra and
the transmission of the clear Four synonyms of Mahiiyiina-
light. Race, Seed, Constituent and
Nature.
~ili'IIls'lll"cll"i·r.i~·ci1<>.·cicil!l'CI~1 91SJ' ~·
<:i'l]Cl.'<:i<:i~J l';!~'~'<:i'l]<>.'<:1~~1 ~'i'
'il 9·i"''"llll"!',ii_~·r,i·q~1 ~°' 'lf~·'i"',;,:;·
~._~. t~·tll1·'>l·s1·r.i·'l"~·r.i1 il 9·r.i·iii·
'IJ~"l·t '<:i'l]Cl.'<:i<:i~ 1 Cl.<f <:i''jls'<:i",1'-'
?.i'·"'·~aJ·~ ·'lf OJ'r.i I l ~·<>l·!9~·"-~i!i·
<:i'l]Cl.'<:i<:1~'~11
~"~'<11 ~SJ'<1,;{9·r.i·~z_~·q~11
'ilditl: 31fl1Ell'(DII: qT.jTJISll~I:-
~. 'illllc/>lllcliF1URT, 'ii;l<ll1'll•f"t'll 'il<'<IIR lli;IDllf.1-
~ . 9,-<Ffh!l>fq- .1$11 cl c/> ll fl1 cl> ~<i, *'11 'i •H</51 i( +'-I
~ 'ill ll 5 IaI'i 'i 5 I '-11 '1 >ITT'! fc1 Rl Fc\, ic/'1 I'-11
'
ifR 31 fl IE.l I'( o I cf'i'R-El I'( I q ~ C: I u 1'1, lcTTl >ITT'! '([e-1 ii I5 +'-I
'
(31fl1Elli(Olfl.'il1Rd cf'i'R)- ~ ll51"1'1, Rlc1><'<1•1illl: ll51Di ilfu I
'
cfi'r c[-.-['1-tlffi, '11 '-l I ct> I '-l cfi'r 'ii; I <l 11 llT'f "if> ifR 1I6fOT-
c[-.-['1-tlffi ~ cf5'r qiF[-tlffi ",T]qcjj ~ ll ,ll cl> ~<i, cfi 'i 1 fc/> Ii(
'
(1~ ~ ~ 3RRf+lq cf5'r </5T ll51"1, '151'-111 cfi >ITT'! '(-1~5
cfi!'1-t!RT I </5T ll 5 IaI, tflT cfi >ITT'! qm-
Four particular transmissions- 'lTicRT </5T !,I 5 I aI ~ Fcl cl> <'<111
The transmission of psychic </5T ll51°1 I
heat, the transmission of the
134
Set of Four
Four abandonments of the path '<.lT'{ 3"f"o- 311 <"l "1, ~ . ~

of Mahayana- Abandoning the TI:crT 31cfilx"l"1 I
attention to Hearer and Self- Four extremes- Produced by self,
Buddha, abandoning doubt in produced by others, produced
Mahayana, abandoning the by both and produced without
partial attitude to Dharma and causes.
abandoning conceptualization.
"il11J·"i'i·~-~IIJl!l'1111y<1·~·i:i:r;.·~·11Jl'\·,izt·
l'IIJl!l"a:fC.lll''!j,{<!]lll'<lj "-C.''\C.'9"\'i'lll'
Q.ll]~"!'i"C!~J aJ"foJ'<l'<,'illl'<lf <l<!]'~'\·
<If -
Ill llJ"<1"-'~911l'"ll ~si<l'<I".'") -
""" lll'<l"-ll
0!5i'<lf ~-~'21/'lll'~o.i·q:r;.· ~'i'<i''\C.' ~'OJ';\5!'
,ii.l.·"-Sllll '~·"-s5i· q· ~ '\.'\l l
'lillllFl•l)-::lifl! Y~~ tj<'<!J~:
fl'l &l q G_ fl'li(>,t; J: II i;ll ll J:- ~ET: 3,:!;1'flq:- fcM"ai \It, IoI'\,
3!!H "r1 i<l Ii;:, \P-llcfl, fclq1.1!{-i- ~ : . 'kl4xlj!lt,:. 3111.1,lli
1ffi'Rr:, 311<1'/"IC:l~!H'<i~ilffi I fcl q Icfi lJi c'I If.1 :t:1.1 ~ lJi c'I c; I"I t1 I irfu I
'1 i; Ill I '1 1'JT-::I ,t Y~,ti" &11 f<hl ~ 'ifR Y<l>R ~ 3,:!;1'flq- fctqai--
~ 11'1 &l \j (<1.-.J ffl qffi \1\, I"I, ~ . fc14xlj!li,
'ifR fl'li(>,t; Y"fll'll- 3!!ffUIT (3!1o) TI:crT 4 x"1 "'1 cfi ~ fcl 4 Icfi lJi c'I
"If \j i<l "i "ITT'Tl, \I '11 cfl "ITT'Tl, ~ f.!: t:1.1 ~ q; c'I "cfi"T ~ I
Fcl q {) t1 l!T"t "If q R1 t1 "ITT'TI (f:>.IT Four types of influence-
311 cl ~ oI <ITT ~ "f\ c:f1 ~ t1 5T'TT I Abandoning the discordant
The four adverse conditions of factors, thorough accumulation
obstacle for awakening the of merits, befitting oneself and
Mahayana family- Being born others, and projecting the
in the unfavourable states, being ripening result and the result
unconscientious, inclination resembling the cause.
towards wrong path and 211~5i·,i·~'i'<l~J ~·~t:.'21/'~9 ~·ti'r::.·1 ~~l
suffering from the faults of
obscuration. il]C.' i5i·<1;s111·<1~i{l l
21/IIQ.'Cl~J "1'\'l]'llllll'i'<lf '!]"\5i"llllll"i"Clf tj<'i11~=<1>ill:
.... ~ a 1,11ax:- <1>ctc1Jc::
~ ..=i
9~11l·1·1lllll·a·q1 ~·~ '\'llllll' a·<li{ll

(:rrf), ~:. <l'ffi:, m irfu I
'ifR ~ < ' I 1;11t11- '!j,cfc!!,c'. (qefi).
tj(-q I~ YUT:- 311 <"l"1:, ~: <!Ix 1 11 ~I. <lFR TI:crT "i,Tcl'\ I
'
~ : . 31cfilx"l"1~ilffi I
135
Set of Four
The four harmonious brothers- '<l fil I R JS! ,i, I q «If'!- 311 4 fl <'ll 't,
A cock, a hare, a monkey and 81 { <"i 't, cl>l'I, cp 4q, c'I ~ I
an elephant. ~ <Ill '<IN <1~,f- 31~14-h{~1v=<l,
i:i.icr<r~&1·r.i·ci~1 l'i·r.i·<:i.i<1·r.i1 <i~a:,·r.i· 81 { <"i . cl>l'I om cji 4q, c'I 1

Four objects of faith- The Noble
<:i.i<i'"l 111~a:,·<r<:i.i<1·<1 I ~111·<1~c:;·<1~ Truths, the Three Jewels, the
action and the fruit of action
<:i.i<!'<l;{ll
~Ell 'I-Jl<Fll- ~.
~. qfi,q~.
~~I ~
'iSJ"-II
'<IN "lr<IITT" <Ill '1-1 1iF11- !.l RI c'l "'f-
"'lfcf'ff, ~ . qfi,q~ 'fl'l<l'fll "4«11~= "lr~<l~l?1<1:-
zci fcrf.!~ I q,~ffl.:HI':!:, rl<i,~1-g;:, 'lm~I°:!,
Four types of achievement- '.l,tll~lj~i-lRI I
Achievement of gain, achieve- 'fl IJ <I ~ ~'fl-'<l~~P.....-d '<IN <'<I I ""I
ment of adherence, achievement ~- 311 c'I {-<l-W':!, f.'rl:T-w-g;.
of antidote and achievement of +Jcn-W:J, om ~ W:J; 1
keeping distant. The four enemies concerning
commitment to be abandoned-
'i111·r.i·ci~1 l'i11r"l akt11·!\'ill1'"l
Enemy of laziness, enemy of
!Jll1t11 ·'i111'" I u:i ·~ t11· 'i111·";{II sleep, enemy of intoxicant and
secret enemy.
"1~1~: qR~J.,i,i:- qR,g<!'lcplll:,
~ . qR~Rlm't, 11ft- ~'i·i:i.~·')S·ci·ci~l "1"'·&1,;. ~a:, I "1"''<!~.
'1<il$1l1 ~ I
~"ii "1"'' 11~t11·~1 "1"''5l'i·~1
'<IN q R'{!,<t<- q R~ qiT1j.
qR,g<il 'lWT, qR,g<il ftrrn zci ~ q : ~ : - 6!§41<';:, '<11"-11<';:,
qR,g<il I ™ f&q1c;, q1c;{f%d~-iiRI I
The four pure things- Pure body, '<IN "lr<IITT" ,t ~ - <1§41<';,
pure possessions, pure mind and '<11"-11 c;. f& q Ic; om "CIR fl ~
pure wisdom. ~I
Four types of animal- Polypods,
'i 'i'<la.'<IJ"i'"lllj'CI~1 "'~i:ri tll' <Jl'i.' <!~a:,' <JI
quadrupeds, bipeds and apods.
'i1a:,· i!Jt 111 111~i!J I "-lt11 \ "I t11·~.<:i.: Jt11 '~;{II
136
Set of Four
~zii~. CJ 11\"l I 'll"i ~· CJ 1,\"l I ~~·CJ ! CJ1,\"l'tJ'@:"1"'1'~"i1 "1'1:!"f~"il

"-~ zii· CJ 11\"l I { c:. CJ 111"l ·6f11 "1~~·~ I i1·~"i·~11
<Ii l"'l ifll tj t'<II x) 'Ii 11 11 :- f.1 cl d- "IC:'"i!
cflc'q:, c1 d'11 '1 qi c•'f. ti c1 dqi C'll :.
~['"1 qi C'll ~'<1 fa I '\~1·11 'i~"-'"11 {"i'"ll 'i'z\"i'Fqll
~ ~ qR 1Wf- f.1 qd cflc'q, tj (-<II '<i ,I.I ~' I'1, cJra-r-
R 1_1;"!"flf.r-
cl d'11 '1 cli"C'll", 00 cf)c'q ~ ~ . i,14'<~'1'1, cb~~,j "'of I
~ cf)c'q I qf
Four divisions of aeon (kalpa)- cl'<i'f1: ' qqf' ~,, ~ : (~:)
Aeon of formation, aeon of "'of I
endurance, aeon of dissolution T.fR 1_1;1T ('181<t>l"'l ~ T.JR 1_1;11)-
and aeon of vacuity.
'.ff. cJra-r '.ff ID1:R '.ff om
x,c'l.l
~~·i"i'CJ~! l°'ll.~"l'~~·i"il ~c:~·!~' cpfu '.ff I
ti&·~~· i"i I t ~·"-f"-'CJ{•,CJ&·~~·i"i I

ci'<i'f1, qqt, ~ om ~
~'CJCJ~·~~·i"i·~11
(~)I
~<:<ll~= '1ITTrtl<'II:- '1§1Qlfa- Four periods of an aeon (Four
§ 1,n f/i cl :, "!<ii M Q Ifiz1 '1 i,1 f/i cl :, parts of a great aeon)- The
t1iltBf>Q clct'1 '1i$'l~icl :, x-<l' I\ci fortunate aeon, the three-fold
aeon, the two-fold aeon and the
<1'<"1'181<'/ici~'<lfa I
corrupt aeon.
'<IR '1ITTct-Jq- QIR'li!l4 q'; ~c;~\'1 OR
cf>T 1-l i,1 fli c1, '.l,<ii M ell)- mr'<'f cf>T Spring, summer, autumn and
>i i,1 fli c1, t1 ljtj a,~ c1 d'1 cf>T >i i,l fli c1 winter.
om x-<l' 1lc1a" 01 cf>T ,i ici'1 fli c1 1
~'fQ'"i'~'j'CJ~! CJ'jtlj'~·\~'il ~"1"'1'~·~·
The four great occasions
(festivals)- The occasion when ~'ii ~&·\~'ii u)·~"'l'~'~'~'i''\11
the Lord Buddha performed tj a ,a : al!.lclT:- ;,i I c<i <1'1:fdl, -,,.=:,-
miracles, the day when he omrr. ~- (i;t<e~ci) omrr,
attained full enlightenment, the $1 H <1 '1:f<1l '<1"fc'r I
day when he turned the Wheel T.JR g ~ "ilft" o~- 3ITc<1T c!l)-
of Dharma and the day when he omrr, -,,.=:, ell)- "<1'm!T, ~ c1 a1
descended from Heaven. (ii t<e ~ c1 ) ell)- "<1'mrT om ™ c!l)-
omrr 1
137
Set of Four
Four types of thatness- Thatness 'i-1(-q I R t>j_ c-'.!, ~ - 'c/5T'11'-

of self, thatness of mantra, 'f'i f<!4 {\?.ll•fl'[. ~ G'11-f'if<!4 , ~ .
thatness of the deity and
Rlrn'f'if<!4,~. <14-f'i,l_i4,~
thatness of wisdom.
-t!' I
~-,:i~"\'~9'11"<1'<1~1 t"-1' <!'~"\.i "\ '<IJ i:.. t:ITT' t"j_ <"J,ll'fl'.TR- c/J 111 'f'i clj4-
111~9'-'<ll~'-·'\o.1·r.i1 l t.l.S<ll '-'.!Ji '-'<11 ~. ~G'11'1"2cl_i4~. ftrcti'-

~ om 't.1>l'f'if<!4xm"I' 1
f.l.~ 9'-' r.i· ~<ll'-. ii'\. S"-1 'i:i;{l l The four mindful establish-
'<'lt'i'I P<: ol!IT'T'ITT: - fti '1 , <'i ~ C'I :, s ments- Close contemplation of
rti +ft {ii l11 ct1 ,i . fti .--i {ii q q 4"1 : body, close contemplation of
fti '1fl,c/5111 fc1 :j,c/fl '1 •·Wil fa I feelings, close contemplation of
t:ITT' ~ - fti '1 '<'i ~ §,C'I. ftA'- thoughts and close contempla-
{l {,,41 ct1 '1. fti.--i {iiq q 111"1 om tion of phenomena.
fti '1flxc/5111 fc1 :j,c/fl '1 '1 I ~-ill'~ilf<l'<!~J ~-~<IJ'rJ[
Four Tathagatas- Jina-Ratna-
bahulya, Jina-Sarupottama,
Jina-Rupaparyanta and Jina-
Sarakayavimuktasena. ilf<llx) •1'1,11:- ~ : . ~:.
fl'1•1ilQ':, fclq11•1'<1~-clfa I
1\"i''\ill'CT~"\·i:rci~l ~i:.·q_'\" I t.l.qj'9·i:i~a;·
t:ITT' ~ 1,.t:j'- ~ -
'1<1i'Tx'
~·.rr f i:.·~'\r t-i:f~'\'~;{rr ~.\Cl. fl'1'1"tf om fclq11•1"tf 1
'<k<11R q,,i1~flc-111f.'I- ~c1\u111. Four types of smells- Fragrant,
'
'1a>i~<i1't.lfk<F-[, ~"llt11, ~ - foul, equal and unequal.
c/5111 ~t! I
ci~'\·ci~l '1"-·cm·i:i1'\l 1,a;·ai'i:."·r.i1\.·i:i1'\I
t:JN q,,i1~ ~ - ~c1\01. '1e-r
~ - ~f"llt11om~1 q_i·i:i'\'ir~·i:i1'\l ~a·s1\.·i:i1'\·\11
Four types of ultimate truth-
Nirval)a, subtle truth of cessa- "'"'"il
tion, emptiness and natural truth alljl!ol'<!ill!ol'~·i:i~'\1 a1111!,1·~'\·~·i:i1'\ 1
body.
'\lljf.l.' f:i:i)'\ 1 i:.· t"-1'~ '<!)'\'\11
~"\'<1'1) "''9\ij"J'Cl~ l ~'-'~a;· rJ' ~ "'· 111 "iIll
ilf<ll<l 1fRT:- ~=. ih>l~1'11Ci:,
'if<!'11,:, ~c1g--:i111-i~-clfa I
138
Set of Four
<IT the path which is to be

~fc'ltJ:, 31~fc'lt1:, ~ : . 31t5c/51,~i1 I practiced.
'i'ITT" lfR- ~ . <H~ll-11,,
~
<1~"l·,ra,l!l'cr<:1-,.1'I I ~QJ'"'9~1 <l&J'
_, ii!I •._"
a·
't<'Y.1-1" om ~ c19,--:l '1" 1
m ~9~1 ~;;Jc:_~·~9~·~11
~ Fc, tJ, am Fc, tJ. ~ om
315c/51, I
Four maras (evils)- Evil of
aggregates, evil of affliction,
-
lq~~· 3i&l~·i"i''"'"'~'"-5OJ·i:i 1 ~9~·&Jc:."i·
evil of death and evil of the son 'ti&J'<1~·"-5QJ'<II ~-"-~OJ·i:i~&J·~~·.il·~i:i·
of God.
OR
<1~·"-5QJ'<I I lll'ti"-·~9·<1~·"-5QJ'<l~II
Obstructive mara, unobstructive
mara, mara of merriment and
~m ~"ll"=- e'IITT, /l1i,.l 0 1:.
~:. ~S:~i1 I
mara of pride.
q~'l·r.i·q~I ~~·s·i9·q~QJ·q~"i·r.i1 ,:ic:.·s· c/51111-1 g19.011 c;l-1:, Rict-1 ~,'-1eRJ1:,
?ITT&-31~~'-1c;l-1:, i11 1 lfc1~1c;l-1~i1 I
':\"i.~"-.q~ "i. r.i I i q· s·"-'119·<11,,. q~"i. <I! T.fR Y<l>l"x et ~"ll"- ~.
i:i ~ '\ '5" QJ&J"~. q~"i""1~11 il li,.l 0 1, ~ i::cf ~I
m
i:1 ('ITQl ~ ' ~ 3lW'm ?ITT& '1" G'f'1" i$' '11 t1"m
1-11•1\4*1,1.i ,Wf I q]q) qf) fcrm '1" G'f'1" c/5, '11 I
'
'i'ITT" arnf~- !1111 '{i) 41 ~:<5[ Four types of trainees- K~atriya
3114*1 c'll, ~ ~ 11 '{i) if1 'l.ijc;'-1
(Warrior, merchant and
labourer), Brahmai:ia (P~iest),
3114*1 c'll, s!TQI f.'Rm 3114*1 ,11
Vaisya (Merchant) and Siidra
t1"m ~ li11f 3114*1,'-1 I (Labourer).
OR
Four noble truths- The noble Four conversions (four kinds of
truth of suffering which is to be instruction of the supreme
understood, the noble truth of Emanation Body)- Instructions
the origin of suffering which is by the great merit of the
to be abandoned, the noble truth Buddha-body, instruction by the
of cessation which is to be direct perception of Buddha-
achieved and the noble truth of mind, instruction by inconceiv-
139
Set of Four
able miraculous abilities and existence and characteristics of

instruction by knowledge impermanence.
conveyed in speech.
Q.~lll'&rS11l't:1~J a;i!,J·i!.lfl"-1 ~ ~"-'t:llj"llll'
Q.~"l·•:r~r:;-~·r::i~J ~r:;·~-"1~1 ~r:;·~i!.I·
"-<if"l ~-~"-'t:llj"]lll'~a;·~·"'iif"l'CJJ ~ ·ff·
"-g"i1 ~r:;. :;1a;.i°"1111 I "l'~(."ii!,J'CJ~ll
a;·~"i-~11
il <'i'l I R fll '1 ll I •I 'l -tf.."11 fil I- fc1 '1 ll-
ilf<11i(: 3lflt<li<1El'lf:- 3llcl,l~l'i,
~ - ~ , . 3WJll~. C '
c"'-l=crrr~"'x"'lt!:. 3l ~ R! {i &.l rf-1 ~ltf:,
rr~P-R!"'ti;,,.·
fc1 '141cf1 'i~tl R'i I
(i'2:l'c11 'ilfu I
~ 11'l'1lll 11'l-~- r1'14clf1.
~ 3lf1.~<l' Qll- 3llcl,l~I. -qft,-
Fc1 '1 ;q r1"'f'T, 31llT'i~ <11!11
{i,::_,,:11~x'1t1, 3l~R!{i,::_<1.11~,'1t1 <11!11
Fc1 '141 cf1 'i I
<12:l'c11 I
Four categories of Vinaya-
siitra- Basic Transmission Four uncompounded pheno-
(Vinayavastu), Differenttiating mena- Space, analytical cessa-
Transmission (Vinayavibhan- tion, non-analytical cessation
ga), Minor Transmission and thatness.
(Agamak~udraka) and the <1.~"i·~Ill·~i!,J·r;rr::i~ I "l;lll·"l~ i!-r"'@"i'CJo,·
Sublime Teachings (Vinayot-
tama). "'~"i' ~"l Ill I <li "l' CJ' Q~r:;Ill'CJO,."'~"i' ~"l Ill J
<1.~111·s111·i·&1~·~"i'r::i~ I ~ ·t:10.. i!,J~a;· ;"i 1 ili'"i'CJO,."'~"i'~"l Ill J Cl 'I/Ill' CJO,."'~\ ~"l Ill'
~'QO,'i!,J~a;·;"i 1 "]a;lll'CJO,'i!,J~a;·; "i 1 ~· ~11
'i"l'CJO,'i!,J~a;.; "i \11 111r:;·a;1
' f l ~ ~ il«llR B1:1011Pl fl'~"l·~·"'~"i' ~"l Ill I "i~Qlll'~'"'~"i'
"1IR'i"1afUI"'[, ~ - ~~
BafUI"'[. 3l f-1,;q c1 I"1aaui 'ilfu I
~"lllll ~"l'CJO,'C\~"i' ~"llll J Q~"'j''l;}"-'
'fl~o Q1l ~ ~ B!ffUT-
.
QQ,'Q,"i"i. ~"l Ill'Ill 11
~ ~
'3 <'G r@ cnT c'fe,uf, i:iRT cnT c'fe,uf,

~ cnT c'fe,uf ~ 3l f-1 <'ll c1 I clft =Bfq:
"''.!,'" ilT'T:- 3l Ifc;i -ill
' I'1 "1: 'WT:.
,:q~\(rl: "WT:, t;lti(rl: 'WT:, c;~\'1(rl:
c'fe,uf I
Four characteristics of com- i/1'1~-tlR! I
qf
pounded phenomena- Charac-
teristics of birth, characteristics c10\i11•1:. ~ : . '{:q~\ilr•r:.
of aging, characteristics of 13qtJlilill'l~il I
140
Set of Four
<fR ll<lil~ "WT- 311f2;i' I'1 x'r conversion (A vatarai;iiibhisan-

'3 <Y "'1 ~ cfR'!T '11T, ffl x'r dhi), interpretative siitras
'3 <Y "'1 ~ cfR'!T '11T, ~ x'r revealing phenomenal charac-
0 «i "'l ~ cfR'!T '1lT nm ~ <£1 ~ tenstlcs (Lak~ai;iiibhisandhi),
x'f '3 <G "'1 ~ cfR'!T '1lT I interpretative siitras revealing
m antidotes (Pratipak~abhisandhi)
qu\q1•1, ~.
and interpretative siitras
intended to encourage (Parina-
'3Y'illxxl'l~'il I
mr:iabhisandhi).
Four types of attachment-
Attachment arising through
embracing, attachment arising
through touching, attachment
arising through smiling and
attachment ansing through
looking.
OR
Attachment of colour, attach- q1q~~l'1l'll: ii .:-,11 R <1 "11 f.'I-
ment of shape, attachment of 3Tf~FM "1 '1,
'
Rl ct~ 011 ~ <"i 'i, i:rfcr-
touch and attachment of service. 1:Ta1 I'ii Iq~ "1 l-\, f.'14 fn-1 ~ c'i "ilfi'r I
414~~ <Ji "i1R iilc'I- 3Tf',J-,i-~-"1.
fcl ~"II~ "1, !,I ffi Yei-311 'ii I~~ "1
;:t;',
~- 1i; l!J'CJ 1 ~ ~. a,
i!,ia;'O:,. ,:._ ,:i!.I'-CJ"'.~ - i; l!J' CJ I
'11 nm f.'14 fn-1 ~ "1 1
'11~ a:,·21'· ~i!.l·<f"'·~llfi; l!J'CJ I c:il"'·c:i· ~il,I· The four forces for confessing
non-virtues- Force of reliance,
21'"'·~llft;l!J'CJitn force of refutation (repentance),
force of overcoming non-
~QT 3l~tlf.u:- 3ltj(1qo11fl1-
virtuous actions through anti-
~:. i;m,qanfii-c'[~:.
dotes and force of not repeating
~:. ~ I
<fR ll<l>I~ ~ 3l~tlf.\;i'li-
the non-virtuous actions.
~ . <'f~.
J@rq~ nm qR011,i1Fli-
~ 1
The four interpretative siitras ~:~tlc-'1 ilfcll~: all<lil~l:-

primarily stressing the basic 31f.'1,11a:, ~=~=. ~t-,ia:,
intention (of Buddha)- Inter-
31'11,'1ci~tjffi I
pretative siitras encouraging
141
Set of Four
~=~tlc-ll qi TITT" 3Tl<bl~- Tf<Jfcfq ~=~- "1 "l 5, <ll1'(.

3T f.'kll t1 I. ~:'5[ffi, ~.-llt11 am "1 x15,:<ll1'(. ~:<ll1'(. 'tfi.!5,:B <I I
'1 xI<"-l1 t1 I I q[
The four aspects of the Truth of fclxs 5,:<ll1'(, f1 '.J.' Ix qi ~:&- '1f"l c!iT
because of emptiness and ~:i's!, iJRT c!iT ~:i's!, '111" c!iT ~:<SI
because of selflessness. am 'l:<'1-! c!iT ~:<SI 1
\l!J'Cl'-"l'!~·&1~·~~·1:1~1 Ii·ry9'"1 t9· m

Fc1,s5,<lr. t1'.l,mc;5,:<lf. ,,'<1~5,<lf
<11!_"J'QI {c:·"1 1:1~9·ai1·\11 ~ 31 fll 'n <5,:<lf I
Four types of suffering-
'fl I 'I F-ll 5,: ~ 'flJ il<-i'll R <'11!1 0 II f.l-
Suffering of birth, suffering of
3T f.h-<1 t1 :. ~:"ffi,:. ~"'-I t1 :• '1 " <"-l1 t1 :
aging, suffering of sickness and
(3T ~ fll c<l 'j:. ~ <ll1'f. ~"'-I '\. suffering of death.
'1 xI<"-ll '\) <I I OR
'fll'llrlJ ~:& qi TITT" <'l'a'fUT- Suffering of separation, suffer-
3T~c-llt11, ~:i's!, ~[.-llt11 am ing of disintegration, suffering
'1 xI<"-l1 I of continuity and constant
Four features of general suffering.
suffering- Impermanence,
suffering, emptiness and self- '.'<:!~\ l"'·i~I ~,;·~-~I "-\1·"1l.·~1
lessness. ~,;-t:Jil,-~~11
(';1;~) ~-.f:- wt. 3T~:.
q,]1f:. "ITllT'<'i'I I
<!R <flf- wt. ;,,~. q,]1f am
"ITe'f I
Four aims of life- Religion,
"IC.'°\\
riches, desire and liberation.
"-!:l"J'<:!1l.' tl!J'<:!1!_"J l ~°\·a;~·CJ1l.'t9'
'.'Cl'Cl~J 9"i"'·i::i~"i-"1 ~oJ"'l';s1 a:;1.""'!f
<:!1!_"ll ~°\·~·i9·i::it"ll 91i"i'~'t9' i::i1 ':)"i'~"'l'<I':)"-'<:!\ l~-"-~"i'Oi"J'al"i'
142
Set of Four
f.'t<l>FQI:- ~: 31f°QQclil"ll1, fl4~1fil1.--j ~

'
(,~). flclifu-1 cl Ic;:, fl fil.icflll:, -~1~1d-ll~il-11....i "iJ;fc'f I
'
11 t; Ifl If%; tl cli: (11 t; Ifl -s; 0)) "iJ;fc'f I T.fR "\j"qj"R et "i:'Wl (3f<l1Th'r)
'ifR f.'1<1>111- ' ~ ( ~ ) . wf- ~ q 3ltlJlqcji) "cli1"
fl cl\ fu-1 cl Ic;, ,fl fil.111"111 cflITT Pi21IT cl"'il"'1T "ft cl ' 1'11, :!in:f cpl:j
11t;lfllf%;tlcii (11t;lfl-s;~1) I et ~ cli~ cii <ell \:l i:G "'1 q, '1 '11,
Four Schools (Four Sects)- fucri'li:G Ic; ffl cfTc'1 gc;:• Ic1 "cli1"
Sthavira, Sarvastivada Sam- 3lfin:I q'tj"'1 cii e: '11 Tim ~
mitiya and Mahasanghik. ~ Ifil IllI et "fl'T:?.T U<1'-c})q'c ~
tl\tla.''it~·cft1~f &lf'Cl'icl\''-11 ~cl\''-1"'' 311ilx"I cli'1'11 I
Four negative modes of
ti·ci ( ~cl\·c.i,;·ti·ci·~'i·) 1 'll~"rs&\cl\· conduct- Misleading the abbots
and teacher, leading others to
ar f 'i''-lf a.~111·~cl\'~cl\'&1!!cl\''-la."1l regret their virtuous deeds,
'rk'<llR ~1Jt;<l'«lfl- C:H'j. fin:1- disparaging those who have
q"<j'i'j (fQ11c11~a1). 3l~. cultivated the mind and
fl 111 '1 I~ "iJ;fc'f I cheating others.
'ifR ~ t; <It<;!,- 'c;T"i, fQ ll cl ii '1, cl\i::·c.ia.·~Cl'1111a.·~·i:i·q~1 s·!l9·ti·ci1 11~·
3 l ~ Tim fll-11'11~ I
Four qualities for making ~·c.ir ol&1l!l·~·c.i1 'i!::&1·c.i<{11
amicable association (four
il<'illit: il1,i-,Rl,i-,l-=cll:- ~ : .
means of transformation)-
Giving, affectionate speech,
,-il ?I If.;-i cli: . fu <'f1 111 ?I :• 1rap-1 cii ~ ii I
conduct profitable to others and ~ et 'ilR RJ ,i', I -=cl <I I c;-
cooperation with others to lead ~ . fi~?11Pacii, R1cr1111?1 Tim
them into the truth. 1JUrlc!i I
The four Buddhist Philoso-
cl\"1'ml.·i'~·ci~1 &lf"cl\ ici·~'ll"l'~cl\'!l!I' phical Schools- Vaibha~ika,
ci~· i:i r s
'iii\·i:i· 'i·c.i· <>i·a.{ 'i·c.i· i:i~'i. c.i r
Sautril.ntika, Cittamil.tra and
Madhyamaka.
!
ol &1 •ri:i 'i' c.i&·9i::. ~9 ·"l'&l' ~cl\. c.i· i:it 'i' '-If
"fcl\"l'Clfil"l'!·~l!l'Cl~f (9!!1·~cl\ I 9~&1·
a.{ i:i· 9::·~::·<>1·9 rJ:f· l I 'i'c.i<{11 ~r 9~"1-~cl\r i\~cl\-~11
~ET: "i:'Wl- (3fi11Th'f:) wf:- clctl11'1cli"'1Pl il<illR ~-
f21ficllC:'1'j ~lll1Ullqclil'11'j 'ii"
flc-lllJ.Tfll, ~1'f'l;.
't41cll~:. ~~lc1cii>'i ~ c/>lciic41-
i,14'1';!,Tfll. <l>~';!,Tf '<rftr I
~:. furnli:GIC:ch gc;:•1d ~
143
Set of Four
qJ "1'-'"11
<lfFi1:, qqf, 'fficf, ~~a~ilfi'I 1
'
<l cf 111-1 ~ ~ 'ifR <J;>r- "fl"fll
~"l·&fz:.l!ol·"l~z:.·~lll ~3,1·az:.·9~<-{ "l ~l!ol·
PT, ~ PT &fC1"'< PT 'i112TT ~ "'~"'·~"l'"' I CJ Ii "l l!ol'"'~"I·~lll'"'~l I
PTI
m ~ E l ~<t><"l:- qqf2a !l li.UR1<t>&Y '
cl fFf1, qqf, ffic\: 'i112TT m I
f.'1 qf&1 !l liU fc1cB &Y:, ~ c<.\ ~ I !';c/?-
Four periods of the Present fc1 c!>&Y:, q$j~!ll6c!>R1c!>&Y~ilfi'I I
qJ
Kalpa- The fortunate aeon, the
three-fold aeon, the two-fold cfc'1~1!1 liUR1cB&Y:, c<.Jqc;11,11i,,-
aeon and the corrupt aeon. R1c!>&Y:, c;cl.1!116c!>fc1c!>&Y:, q$1~-
!ll g q? R1 q? C'Y ~ii RI I
IIJ"il!ol'<l'CI~ I t"l''1"ll!ol''\Sll!ol'"li\l!ol\ S"''~z:.· 'ifR gq;R ~ ~<t><"l (<1><"1'11)-
"'SI i!oi '"l "i l!ol \ S"'' ii' ~z:.."'SIi!oi '"l "Il!ol f 'i!!l' q qf<a !l li.U R1 c/, C'Y, f.'1qf2a !l li.U
R1 cB &Y , c; cl.I !11 g cB R1 eh &Y f1m
CJta.J''\Sll!ol '"l "I l!ol. CJ-ol!ol· ~II q$1~!ll6c/> fc1cB&Y I
ii c'<l I~: ~ : - fflcf31 Iq "'1 q, C'I {~:,

m
cfc'm-lJTIIT fcl eh C'Y , c<.\ q c; 11-
f1 ilt G' 11 fi1 q, C'I {{!.[:, 31 '1 l' 11 fi1 q, C'I ,~:,
lJTIIT fc1 c/> C'll , c;cl.l'- \11 6 eh fc1 eh C'll
31§ctli C'I ~~ii fi'I I f1m q$1~-!116c/> fc1c!>&Y I
'ifR ~- fflcf311Y"'14iC'I,~. Four types of conceptualization-
f1 iit c; I' II fi1 q, C'I ,~. 31 '1 l' 11 fi1 CJiC'I ~ Conception of grasping at
f1m~I engagement, conception of
The four abiders into the fruits- grasping at elimination, concep-
Abider into the fruit of stream- tion of grasping at substantial
phenomena and conception of
winner, abider into the fruit of grasping at imputed pheno-
once-returner, abider into the mena.
fruit of never-returner and OR
abider into the fruit of foe- Conception of grasping at
destroyer. deluded phenomena, conception
of grasping at purified pheno-
~3,J'q"'·~9·q·q~1 ~"l'J;J'"l~z:.{"l ~"l'J;J' mena, conception of grasping at
substantial phenomena and
"l ~z:. ·~"l ~l!,I'"'~"'{9·ci I CJ Ii "l l!ol'"'~i\. conception of grasping at
~"l'"l~ll imputed phenomena.
144
Set of Four
~51-"'"""r::t c::r.i·~ 1I ol~3i·ol·~ 1·r.i I object-perceiver, purity of

thought and purity of mind.
!l"i·r.i·~ 1·r.i I oJc."3i·r.i""·"-'.)OJ' oJ'SOJ'2J11 OR
Purity of place, purity of
~ET: fcrirri:=r:- ~i.-11 a 1. 31 PI fi'l ct-1 '1.
visualization, purity of mind
31J.lfillf%d't, ~ I
and purity of wisdom.
~ fcrirri:=r- ~i.-11111, 31f."lfi'lct1,
31 J.l fill f%a 'd'i/.JT ~ I ~ai·sc:.·r::i~r .,r:;·q~"i·~·~111·sc:.·1 1.i90J-
Four emancipations- Emptiness,
singlessness, wishlessness and
without collection. sc:.·1 'Ifq·qa_·~111·sc:.·r11
~111-cr1?1111.i·~-arc:..i·,·'ir:ri·r.i·z:i~ 1 ~QJ ·19. ·<'1<il1R &lq<:1"11f.'l- ~-
r.i1 ~<ll'«'i'"i9'<lf (r:ri·r.i·19·r.i1 ~OJ·r.i· c; 1'111,' 311 c'1 ~ '1 clM c; I'1 'l' 8t,,,-;.,,
' ~ ".!,"'
-
cLjqc;1"1'1 J.lfaqfi'ac1.1qc;1.-i· cfT,

"ir:ri 'r.Ja:11 '
J.l R'I cOJ 1"1 cl.I cl c; 1'i ilftr I
"IC:.'3il '<lR cljqi;l"I ~lclcl.lcli;l"I,
311 c'1 ~ "I cl.I cl c; 1'1, fc1 '{!<& cl.I cl c; l'1 <IT
'll "iOJ' arc:. OJ' •ir1..,.r.i 1 1.i 9OJ·r.i· arc:. OJ'~-
ra rca
J.l q c1.1 c1 c: 1.-i Tim J.l r;, c'1 J!Jf-
'\ 9· r.i1 .;ioJOJ·<i:i'c:.OJ·~·19·r.i1 ui·~OJ· cl.lcl<';l'1 I
<i:i'C:.OJ'~' i'l]'r.Ja:'11 The four types of purified
phenomena- The natural
ila,a: t1qf<1>1..:qR,U<itll:- ~ - purified phenomena, purified
~:' '{!<fi Fc1 ~ 41, '{!<fi et, i'll '11, phenomena of visualization,
'{!<!, $11 'i ilftr I
purified practice and purified
qf
attainment.
31T~ll4R'{!f.a:. 31 lcOJ~.-iqR:nF.a:,
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~ t1qf<1>1..: qR,uf.&,if-. ~
~ . ~ Fc1~41. ~ c/Ji'll'11 qa,·£;90J1 "(~cl_-£;9~1 r.i:icl_·£;90J1
'ffi/.JT ~ m'1' I £;3i·<r :icl_·£;9~·~I I
m
31T~ll4R'{!f.a. 311 cOJ~'14R'{!f.a. lfi'ld"'1*'1 il«IIR ,i'J:,i1fil1-
Rlct14R'{!f.a 101' $11'14R'{!f.a 1 cfl!ll'I d '1) "l 'l, cfi:1PI) =,i 'l,
' '
Four kinds of absolute purity- q,u,1)=,ift, i!f'-1 11)=,i' -ilfa1
Purity of object, purity of
145
Set of Four
'<fR" dQ:fTllcf 31 :l,tl Ii! '<fR" 1.j;~f(!-

TJBr, q\jf TJBI, -q-a;:r TJBr <1m ""' '1 i, Ijt: I, "fll,ll-~, loll'!-~ d2IT
TJBr I q,lf-~I
Four families of Yoga tantra- The four seals according to the
The Tathagata family, the Vajra Yogatantra teaching- The
family, the Lotus family and great seal, the pledge seal, the
Jewel family. Dharma seal and the action seal.
~"!'~.._'!'')Ii9'l'"l'<I~1 ~c:r cir.\· ')al '11"1' cir ~"l'~"''o-Ji:.""i'~o-J'i:i~1 ~3i·i"l·l·~'-'l·"-s"'·
o-Ji:."3i· ~3-Jr "'": ~'-'l·~ ·~'-'l·"-s.._.o-Ji:."3i·~3-Jr
')3J'!l"l'Clf si::.·~ 3-JJSI ·' .'<Itri"I·cir.l.·~'-'l'"-S. _·3-Ji:."3i·~3-J r
ci~rr ~i::. ~, ~~,l· ~1l· ~'-'l·"-s.._.o-Ji:."3i· ~o-J·air r
41 fll '1 P{ il (-q I R 311 <'I "'I '11 f.l- tj «11 R mfrrg"fll'lff\l 'l 1"11 f.l-
cl.1 I '<'<11 c'P-<l '1 'l•, tj -11 fRl ~ nrmn- ~ I cl cfi <11 fi'l 11 ,lllli 11 'l Io 1'j, II,~ cfi iij,<i,-
<1~'"1'1, qfil-scilC'il<l'l'l, ~- lll fi'I II ,<11li II 'l I" I'l,, ~-
' '
fcl ~ rl 1£1 a I C'i lKlllli 11 '1 I o1'j, ~ fF'ci a: "lllfTr-
m-.rr ~ '<fR" 311 <'I "'I '1- >lc<flli 11 'l I Oi 'clfi'r I
cl.11 '«11 C'i lfTcicli
qfil-scilC'11<1'1 d2IT cfc'i~lfcl~n[mfr- "cfiT '-11 fi'l llclli:111'1 I 01, J.k~cfiiij,<i, "cfiT
"11<1'1 I lllfi'lll,<llli\1'11°1, 3Tm ~ "cfiT
Four objects of a Yogi's <TI fi'l ll clllli 11 '1 IoI d2IT ~- fl "1 fa
meditation- Pervasive visuali- ii Rl£1'll'1 lllfi'lll,<11lill'll 01I
zation, visualization for training The four-fold yogic direct
conduct, visualization of the perception- Yogic direct
perception of a Hearer, yogic
wise ones and visualization for
direct perception of a Solitary
purifying delusions. Realizer (Pratyekabuddha),
~"l'~"''i')'"l'l'~i::.,i:ir.l.'S9'!'<1~J ~'11' yogic direct perception of a
Bodhisattva and yogic direct
i"ir ')3r~r t"l·~r '-'l"l·~~rr perception of the mind-stream
of a Buddha.
,i) •Id .=;;i 111--fCff: "I <1 'tl : 1.j;~T:-
'H, 1jt: 1, fl'llljt:1, t14jt:I 4'4jt:I ~"l'~:<,'~3-J'<l'<l~J ')\Cl[ "-~3i'Clf C![3i'
"il I
"-~"If ~Cl"l'~ff
146
Set of Fou,·
~ m:- %ITT. tR;:, ~ - qf

(lq1l.l~-c1R11 cful ~ I!l Itll c/> <"1 '11, cl1 cl c; I'1 !l Itll-
<ITT" Y<IITT" cfi mrf- %ITT. tR;, c/J <"1 '11, S: cl1 !l Ig c/> c/> <"1 '11, ~ $1 '<1-
elm ~ (lqlll I !l Ig <!> <!> <"1 '11 I
Four types of yoga- Faith,
aspiration, effort and means.
<ITT" Y<IITT" ~ it> <."4 '11 wffea"-
!11 tll c/> <"1 '11, f.i qf<l1 !I Itll c/> <"1 '11,
1~i:::·l9'l'<ll~'"l"1'll~! 1d."1i!Jll] :l]C:'<J' S: cl1 !I Iil c/>c/> <"1'11, ~ $1 '<1 !I Iilc/>-
c/> <"1 '11 I

a\3.-~i!Jll] ~c: "!jd.'')i!Jll] ,iic:·~c:·9 '')i!Jll]'
Four types of conceptualization
ilfl to be abandoned- Conception
of grasping at engagement,
'il(j,~,$:•l<lt'1<t>l'!:-3l~i:ic/>lll:, ~ - conception of grasping at
q;p:j:, ~ ~ : . qR'\-J<!>lll~i'1R'i I elimination, conception of
<ITT" 3i1T-cfil'! ('ilg,~R::l"fUft grasping at substantial pheno-
wrr)- 3l~i:i<l>lll, t:f«i<l>lll. ~~ mena and conception of grasp-
q;p:j cf.m q R'\-1 <!>Ill I ing at imputed phenomena.
Four kinds of warriors- Warriors OR
those who fight from horses, Conception of grasping at
warriors those who fight from deluded phenomena, conception
elephant, warriors those who of grasping at purified pheno-
fight from chariots and warriors mena, conception of grasping at
those who fight on foot substantial phenomena and
conception of grasping at
t1i:::·s'(9·r.r1:1~1 "'~"1'C/'"1~c:·t;"1 ~"1·t1· imputed phenomena.
"1~c:·t;"111 ~l!-rc,.~"\·t;°"1"tlj "''i"1lll""l~"\- 1-~i!J"C/'Q~1 '"1lll·y1 ~111l!J·y1 \a,·y1
t;°"1·t1~ll ;riqll
"IC:'~! ~Et 'til'flrll't- xil-16~il'il'"'1't,
•r1-51tll'11"l.1'1, 3lcitll'11"l.1'1, ~ -
fa,·i·fc: lll'"1~c:·t;""1 ~i!J·sc:·"1~c:·t;°"1 ~l!J- ' '
xi I'11 "li '<Wt I
"'~"\{"1"Clj "''i "]"l"~"\'t;°"1"Cl~lJ "'ifR ll<l>I~ cfi tll'11rll- ~ -
tll'11"ll, •r1-51tll'11"ll, 3Tcitll'11"ll
~ m Y"tm <1><"'l-11- wffea"- <f\J.IT ~i&;tli'11"ll I
!11 tll c/> <"1 '11, f.'I qR'\-1 !II tll c/> <"1 '11, Four types of generality-
S: cl.HI Ig c/> c/> <"1 '11,
Collective generality, generality
c/J <"1 '11 I
147
Set of Four
of family, generality of meaning . fl 4~ i i; l-F1 Icl fct;'m-

and generality of sound. "1 '11 '1 i qRqc/q'iJ4\ llfi'r I
'<JR il4fil"- '1§141'1 it ~
J1·1:1·i:i~1 <4·(ai·ls<l\·1:1,tJ1·"1 si:;·ti:i·
ffl c!R'I "$ ~ cffl 4h!Fi=l<il31T
~-5"1"""ii:;·ai~'1\·,.,i_,! 1·1:11 aiC:'1\.,.._.~"' <tt "tl'<lt. gl1411 it ~
ffl q@ "$ ~ {\<l1{i ~ -
..a·!"'.,.' ~ai"·Ui·ari:;"·,,r ~'1\-.."·s· i:ma'r<'!> tlll, ~ it ~
i:ia·J1·1:1qn ffl cfTc'IT <ITT ~ Ifcl-a "{'r ~
m "$ ~ ~ <tt "tl'"4t <fm
i'lt1t1: "fl<IT:- q1xfi:it11t14\. ~ - "fl'lft <ITT ~ ffi "$ ~
~ - ~ . t1<,<14R- Fc1~4v111 <ITT qRqctq m <tt
41<'!>ti4\ llfi'r I "tl'"4t I
i'l'R ii 4 ril· - -q1---'xR=l"'-a-1-"tl'<lt. ~ - Four types of practice- Practice
'l!Rl-"tl'<lt. ~-"tl'<lt 'C!:ci x'IITT- of the ten Perfections are
4R4 l<'!>-"tl'<lt I prescribed for them who aspire
Four conducts- Conducts asso- for Mahayana, the thirty-seven
ciated with Paramitii (Perfec- practices of Bodhisattva are
tion), conducts accordant to the prescribed for them who aspire
practices of the limbs of for Hinayana, might and power
enlightenment, conducts asso- are presecribed for them who
ciated with clairvoyance and aspire for practice both and the
conducts for thoroughly matu- practice of maturation for
ring the sentient beings. taming all.
J1·<ri:z~1 ,l "1· i<l\·ai·~"'"J'~ai"·~·s._.'4._. !"i'"laf~af<l~f :;i·i:z1 l .~"1·1:11 ~ai·i:z1
s<l\·i:i~a·! 1·1:11 'il<11·1ai<l\·ai·~"·,r~ai.,· ll.~"1·,.q"n
<IIC."<J\1
~-s._·si:;·s"1"·~·i:i~<l\-~ ·Y"i"..1 "1~ .,."l.
qijf'i:z1 l .~"1·1:11 ~QJ·r.i1 ll.~"1"<1qll
~". ".~ ai"· ai~". 12.~ai· i:z"· s·i:ia·s"·ai('1\.
<IIC."<J\1
y
""'~"'l'"la' "i' -11 ~SJ"'I'
~ai.,·Ui' ~'1\·1:1a· f 1·1:1q°1 I

;,;1·12.~ai·i:za·s"-·
- ~-
;lo\.i:z :;ii:;.~"i"" 1 "1"i:;. <Ill. ~ 1·.. , 12.~·
12.~·f"l"..1 !$"l.i<l\·~·J1·..qn
~a~: "fl<IT:- '1!5141'11~'.j,cffi'R<:
i; ~I q Ixfi:i <i ltl4\. 51'141'1 I~ jcffi'Hl": <II i:;.'1\l
fl'<18i~1c;: ~: Wit:. 12.~"1"'-ll "1'1\""CJI 12.~"1'"11 ~QJ·i:zq°ll
~ ~left-Ill i;'111cl
148
Set of Four
El 'l I'ii\! oI'!,- :J.cfli '1, f.'1 q") c; '1 'j

~14'1'l, Tf'f"i ~ I
' 'li!-l~·CJJ c1rg.;;,·CJ,;·ol.;;,·CJ1 al'i6t;i!-l'CJ>;'al'
qf
'l'l'1'l tj,s·ili"4'll"I: (-riw'l 0 1'1), j\CJJ al'i°°il-l·/iJ'~i:l.~.;;,~11
~14'1~,,, '3qfc1,e ~ I
qf il<'<II\!: Yl'llftlcf>I:- 'lj"lc!Q:,
31c;<i'11c;1'1'l, 31il51il41, i:lrn,
f1'1'i'1''l~i14\, 'J6-1i14\, ,ifPf '
'i'l<n, •U; I:j,~ Iii 4f ~ I 'l j "lEf >-t !.l c'I Iq '<'lfcl I
qf -i1R q I\! Ift! <Ii 'l j"l c!Ef, 31c;rr11-
il-s·ili'l"l'l f.'1 ~
~,,qlc;'1'1_, °GR, 31 .i 51 ii 4 I om '3 rr1, 'l jt.!1-
' ,,
~ill Ef >-t !.l c'I IYI
ilR M<l>I\! ~ 311-il\! 0 1 ~ Four types of moral defeats-
cf>, ai 1, ~ d'11, m
(fl!IT tfGc;r
Killing a man, taking what is
not given, indulging in sexual
i16Fll I
misconduct and telling lies
m about one's attainment of
1J1l'1 et,, ai 1, tfGc;r 1{'1 '11, m superhuman dharmas.
elm ~d'11 I
m ,i!;'q'Ql'll]ii~'Q'Cl~f i·<>i·ll].;;,il-l·CJ1 ~~·CJ,;·
~ °il<lT, 'ffel °il<lT, fi+l'f ~.;;,·r;·<>i·ll].;;,il-l·Q1 fl"i''>ii!-J''>i·ll].;;,il-l'CJJ ~·
'i'f4t crm 'l 81 '.l,~ 1 °i1"4t 1
m ~,;·,:irylljil-l.CJQ.. { <li!-J·<>i·ll]"iil-l·CJit11
;,,..__..
Y'i"1 '{'111, =,~·", ~d'11 =, ,
~ : il<j,\!l<l>l\!1:-
°fIT'iTI
Four types of activities- Eating, ~ . ~ . mur-
sitting, sleeping and walking. ~ . . !.l ffi fi c«i 1'1 o1 c'I f.'1 f.wrr
OR '<'lfc\ I
Going, walking, sleeping and ilR ~ - - ~\).,if.'.-1
sitting. m, ~ . >ifumR-
OR ~ ~ !.l ffi fi i!....'<11 '1 <I c'I f.'1 f.wrr I
All-good conducts, secret The four abidance associated
conducts, conducts in a crowd with the aggregates- Abiding
and the mahamudra conducts. on cause, abiding on matura-
OR
tion, abiding on prayer and
Walking, staying, sitting and
abiding on discriminating
sleeping.
power.
149
Set of Four
"'I ~,._. of the apperance) and the yoga

ofno more meditation.
'J'QilO,'Q~ ·&l°\·~11
!·(A1·i:ia·~9'1·"~1 !3iSJ·i!a.·~90s1 i~·
-iHJ,cf•f:- w\:, 31cl, cfiTl'I:, lll~ I
'l'IR <flt- w\, 31cl, cfiT1'I ~ lJTaf I ~111"'1 ~iSJC:.Ol'~lll"'l 111\<>l''Ja. ~lljOs'.Sll
Four aims of life- Religion,
riches, desire and liberation.
~<bf1 l-J I \ii t'll 'ii c'<l I{I <fUTf:-
~Ii,101:, ~ : . ~:. ~[S:~ilfa I
59·~·<1~1 Qj0,'~'59'~1 lo,·~·5·~1 59· ~ f1 'I I \ii ,t 'l'IR cfllf-
~ 11,101, ~ . ~ <fl2IT ¥ I
~·a\-i'ql ~,,.rt9·~·59·!i{ll
The four castes of non-Buddhist
~QT lJIIT- cf>4jS: I, ~4jS: I, society- Priest caste, royal
l-J 151 jS: I, f1l-111 jS: I ~ I (Warrior) caste, merchant caste
'l'IR 'Yqi"R cfft 1j1IT- cf>4jS: I, and labourer caste.
lcl 4 jS: I, 'l !51 j S: I <fl2IT ,i l-J 11 jS: I I ;a·~"l·qi'f,..·~ari:ri:i~1 5<>1·0Jaf°'·~·~~<>1·
Four types of seal (Mudra)- Seal
of activity, seal of doctrine, '\f"'I "-'1'~0s·~~<>1·C1.f"-I <10siSJ''l]'i"i'
Mahamudra (Great Seal) and
seal of the pledge.
~·~~"1''\f"' I ~0s·~·~~<>1·C1.f,._·(11
~Ej' illi,Jl-JO~<'i"t- ~~~'1
59·a\"i'~"l'CI.S"-'<1~1 g·9%9·~· ~"1''\S"-I
f.'! Ii'\ d 'l OG<'1 'j, ffl RJ 81 \1
'l a,:; <'1 l-1, tl.11 '1 l-l a,:; iol'-l. c/> 111 l-J a,:; <'I
' '
Cl.5"-1 {OJ'al\~'~"1''\$"-'(ll ~I
'l'IR J.l if> I ~ ,t <ITtU 'i u.,; <:'1-
tlc'<lltl 'll511jS:IITI 111:- (Zc/>1!1111•1:, ajB-t,J- ~ f.'l li'l<:1 'la,:; <'I. ~
f.'i'!l43!tl4PI:, (Zc/>,f1<11•1:, 31Ufl-
"'RJP-1<:1 l-jO,:lC'i, \cl11'1l-J0,:lcil <fl2IT
'1'11 1 1~ilfa I
c/>ll1'l 0 <:lC'I I
'l'IR 'It; llj\IT 'l!T1T- (1 c/> It1 <ll •1,
Four types of external mai;idala-
f.'i '!l tj tj <11 •1. i:[c/> ' f1 111 •1 <fl2IT Coloured powder mar:u;tala,
\
31tl.11'1<11•1 I
mal).<;lala painted on cloth,
The four Mahiimudra-yogas- concentration mal).<;lala and body
The yoga of single pointed mal).<;lala.
concentration, the yoga of
realizing the mind being free !-i·~·~9·q~ 1 &I' lj 111 ·'J' <>l 'lj'l]''Ji{· '1//"l' 'Ja..
from conceptual elaborations,
the yoga of single taste (the "-'.:'!~"' I i111·<1t<>1·<>1·<1~ ·<ii{' '1//"l''Ja_.'l.'.:'J'
yoga of realizing the sameness
150
Set of Four
~"l I "'\"l'&l'\''l'<>J''l'\"1' ''!;"1'<JQ_'Q_~' The four obstructions on one's

four sides- Obstruction caused
~"l I &)· "1 ~''l'"l'"l~''lii' '!;"1' <JQ.'Q.~'
by elements, obstruction caused
~"l·~11 by constituents, obstruction
caused by gods and ghosts,
i:11;-ill~) ~qllfi!ll:- 31f.'lci1 f.rcx!- obstruction caused by enemies.
~. ~=~ '§,{'lfi$11, 31'11<:"1-
~l<'-ltl,;11, ~ ~Rl<i$11
!°lll"'i:i~1 '9"1 {1 ~'ll si::·t·ll
(31f.'l<'ll f.'l,11fl1fa. ~=~ '§,{'lr1fa, i:I cl tl : ~ : - 1i'fi, c:fuurr. q ~i:l '11,
~ ~fa, <II '11 <:"1 "'-1 I<'i1 fa) 13 rn t f.rcx! er;
~ "J'i m <!>x'11, ~:"{'l" <l>1" Ws! Four directions- East, South,
et; ~ 1'i m <1>, .-i 1. 31 '1 Ifl1 <l>1" West and North.
3!T<:"1' er; ~ "J'i m <!> <"11 ~
~ <l>1" ~ et; ~ 1'i m
Sll'\ei·i:i~a·ll'\"\"l'i "\'i:i~ l '9'-''I'Q_~ai·'\Si;~-
<l><"I I I ~·Ill"\~-~·cj'· t r 1 'f"i·!'I'""l' "1~"1 "l·~·
Four-fold wrong thoughts-
Apprehending what is imperma- "1"\"l' ~ 'i:f ~·Q_~'Il ~'l'"\ '3JfQ.'Q_w-l.' "1"\ ~'
nent as permanent, apprehend-
rlf ~'I I si::·"\·~"1 "l' ~'I·~. "1'1 "l·-9ai· ~ ·
ding what is suffering as
happiness, apprehending what is <>iii!!
selfless as having a self and
apprehending what is impure as ~ll! ~ i:1ti11R
pure. c f t ~ - i4~~1 '15\qj,~:
~ Y5\i:1~[<1Y4c1:, ~ -
s"lei·~·,,;r;·i:ia·~lllei·1:1~1 ~l;''l"l'"li\
~ 31<1M1Fcl,a~<1,fll ~
<ll fi51"l·~·"ll\<ll 'l! 'Q_'s "l·~·"lt'\·<11 y'1i:1c1:, q~tj'1~~1 ;,:;1Fcl,;.,i1:
'\'ll'«l ~·"l'f'\'<lj ~ '3~-s'-1"1:. '3rnx~~1
' '
<!>l&lcf'-11: ~ ~IR.1<1~-tlfa I
~ll! i:ltill~: Fcl&-11:- ''i<ifc1&1:, 'iITT' 1f~llll31T ~ 'iITT'
lc1l\),fc1&1:, ~cH"li ''i<il'1i i:1 fut.r:,
cft~- '[<fr ~ 1'i ~~
~I ?J,fc1 E.'1 ~il fa I
"cp[ ~ tjtj~i:1 qch,_ ~
ilffl' ~ :t 1131T ~ 'iITT' fcl &I- ~
(GT'cl ~ ) "cp[ fut.r. ~ "cp[ ~ a
1'i 31 i:I Ml Fcl, ~i:I" "cp[
fut.r. ~i:kflJll ~ ~ "cp[ fut;, ~ Yldi:1, Y~i:1'1 ~ "J'i
TI~ ~ "cITT fut.r I ;,:;1Fcl,-1"1 "cITT cfim~ '3~-s'-1'1
'
151
Set of Four
am '3 ct-1, ~ .'i <l> 1c1 et! "<l>T 't!N arrlf~- 3114 '{i <"/1,
~:'!5{'
clmm ~.IRlc'l I fijC:11 3114,i,11, ~ 3114*1,11

The_ four sacred places in the am 'iT't 3114fl,ii 1
four directions- Pancasiila Four noble truths- The noble
mountain, a sacred place of truth of suffering, the noble
MafijusrI, is in the east; Potala, truth of the origin of suffering,
a sacred place of Avalokite- the noble truth of cessation and
swara, is in the south; the noble truth of the path.
Oddiyana, a sacred place of
"'~111·q~·.l:9111·,:i~ 1
J?akinI, is in the west; and
Shambala, a sacred place of ~o.i· li:ri·~o.i·<J l ,:iij\ { a.J o.i· C:<3\.c.'"i.~-
KalkI, is in the north.
~o.i· i'o.i-~111·<1 I "1 "i o.i ·a.J "l'<;"i.c.'"i..-i'a.J '~ o.i ·
"-~111·q~·5111 ·ii;i:i~ 1 ~"i.~<lj" l ~,;;itc: l
i'<lj·~o.i·<J\ 11i;·cr ia.i·<J·"l-~'fl"-'l:litll
s"-·£!·;:t,,:1 ~!ll·,:ita.i·qit11
i.l <'C c; I' 11 '11, 31 "l I' 1141. 3Tta 't! I
' 31 cl ' ~ cl Ifj 'i 1-:1 0 I '{i 'f1I tfl '<"<IT'T-
'i'IR 3ITlf 1!~- ~3TT'F'f. "l Icl "l 111 jR<'1~ilR1 I
fi<l>C:1'114'1,
C
31"11'1141 ~ 3Tta' I 'i'IR 3ITlf '!1.~- 3Tqx qf?I' "iT5! ~
Four noble persons- Stream- fj '1<ic'. N'l c!T'c'\, 3Tqx ~ "iT5!
Winner, once-returner, never- ~ fl '1<e N'l c!T'c'\, 3Nx ~ cl Ifl
returner and Arhat (foe-
"iT?! ~ f1 '1te N'l c!1'c'\ am
destroyer).
'<"<IT'T-l!Tcl"ff ~ '1i'1<ic'. N'l c!1'c'\
"'"'9111''.J~'l:l~o\·q·,:i~ 1 i <lj' l:11,'."l'"'lll<lj o.i · 31T4 cgR I
Four types of noble person- One
q/l,·,:i~ o\' <J l 1<>i."'§ <;. ",lll'fl"I 'q/l,·,:i~ "i. <J l who is content with poor
"-l!Ji:ri· q· "'lll<fl'!>r q/l,·,:i~ o\' <l\ "l a.i·"'"1/'' q/l, · clothing, one who is content
with meagre alms, one who is
l:1~<3\'<lit\\ content with a poor dwelling
and one who is content with the
'r'I <'<I I R arrlf fl <"I I r.t- ~:'!5114*1 (-IF\, feeling of abandoning worldly
fjt-fi;/114*1<"1.1'1,
_, '
~ -' objects.
'11'114,i<"li irfi'r I
152
Set of Four
'<$.3\'<lJ~! '\'lc::~·«$.3\'<lJ~j ~9·.m· CJ",''ll\\'>ll a;9~·<1a'CJ"-''ll\\'>ll 9d\~·

'<$.3\'<lJ~·.:f11 <la.CJ'-' 'll\\<lJ'af11
~Q lfl <'I 'I_- ~II f.'fl 'li <'<Pi, T.I fel I ~: 31'tl ~ <b <"l I:- xi q ctf cfi \'Y :,
Fcl g;c:1 'li <'1-l l-j, '+l IflI 'li <'l-l 1-j, ~- ~),'"-1 cfi c:,q:' f.'i q ctl cfi c:,q:' cj ct'11'1-
'li tl-l 5fr1 fa
I cfi <"1 ~ii fa I
"ITT' 3R'ff '<b'<"l'- ,ri q ctl 'cficiG',
'<IN ll<l>R ~ ~~- ~11Rlq,<1,
~ 'cficiG', f.'i ci ctl 'cficiG' '<i'm
fcl g;c:1 'li <'1-l, >11 fl'l q <'1-l Til1.lT -cfu:'-
cl ct'1 I'1 'cficiG' I
'¥11 I Four intermediate aeons
Four types of virtuous active- (kalpas)- Aeon of dissolution,
ties- Activity of peace, activity aeon of vacuity, aeon of
of progress, activity of power formation and present aeon.
and activity of wrath. CJ",',!;'\''l~j ~·~i;·~, t;'~<lJ·.,~·i·CJ, ~·
~9·<1·.,~·i·CJ, '1/''l'"l~·i ''lit!
'l'\9·~·CJ9·a;9~1 ~'\·<ia·ClJ.3\·<lJ9·~· ~l'.l': Fcl&1:-3ll«ll<;l, 3l<'l-l5cfilx:,
CJ9·a;9~1 ~9~·~~d\·<1a·CJ9·a;9~·if11 ~ . alfa1.~~-t1Rl I
"ITT' ll<l>R ~ fcrE.;f- al I«II<;~.
~Ell illfl'll- ~. ~ 3l5c/>lx 'c/>T 'ITT'11, ~
311 cl q 1-s;' Iq Ifl'l 1, al fcl tl I 'c/>T 'ITT'1T '<i'm al fa 1. ~ 'c/>T
fl'1<gc1ctlfl'll ~ I 'ITT'1T I
'<IN ll<l>R ~ illfl'llQ. m:rr,, The four types of interruptions-
~ ql{i'll, 311"11_~ c/lt qlfl'll, Obsession of taste, strong pride,
strong ignorance and strong
>JclTlT c/lt q Ifl '11 '<i'm fl '1 cg c1 c/lt view.
qlfl'11 I
Four types of latencies- Latency CJ"-'\<l~J ~-9d\~·~·CJ"-'~I «i·CJa'CJ"-'~l
of intuition, latency of the view i~-~'\·~·CJ"-\i ~'\·<la'CJ"-·~11
of grasping at self, latency of
T.I fel I ~) S'i1 ~ 1''1 ii I:- mf.'r: 3R!W'lq:
samsaric experience and the '
l'J'xUT: 3R!W'lq: WRIT . 3R!W'lq: '
latency of similar factor.
'l'(q:~I
153
Set of Four
'<fR 3Ffl '< l"•l<l- "lllf.r 3RR]'l,c[,

l=R"T 3RRl'l1cl, ~ 3RRJ'l'lq
~ ~ 3RRl'l1cl I
tf.:,·<ai...~ l!,l·a·,::r I
Four Intermediate States- The "CJ"'·"'s,;· ,::ri'l,· a ·CJit11
intermediate state of the type of
birth, the intermediate state of <il ~ ifh'<I I '1 i ~Ei uf"l'!-
the moment of death, the ct, ,j q ~ I ~. ~ ~.
intermediate state of reality and f1'11~olC'11c1 ~. 'ilfrl<l~I ~
'
the intermediate state of rebirth. "c)fu I
,::r:r,·~·a1·q:r,·,::r~ r <al l!,I'~-~-,,_~<ai· ~-~"1 l!,I' ~

uf"I'!-
* 'lil>R'
ct,,\q~I ~ . ~
'qR *
'i"-·~.:,·<11 'i,::rr.·l:f;1.:,·~r.·,::r I "1"-'"1"-"-' ~ . t1>11fi1- <l'; <fc'f ~ ~ c'!m
'ilfrl<l~I ~ I
lf"1 J!.l'<J' 31 'i. <i I ~ l!,l'o.J~"i. lEl"l ·'i "1'<JJ!,1'
Four types of birth taken by a
o.Jlfr.·,::ri{ll Bodhisattva- Birth by action,
birth by aspirational prayer,
ai --a '< 1"'1 <l t-<l ,.. «11 R a~ 10c:, mf.'r- birth by the power of concentra-
cf54?!tf% ol "11 c'icf5't, lf"ll• 11 c'i cf5't, tion and birth by authority.
~ ,,rnR,ga:. 31j~"1'14'1 sr.·i,::r·i 51J!.1·<1a·~.:,·,::r~ l ~<ai·~ .. l!,I·~· :!!"i l
~ ell T.f1['511 t1 >i P.:,n'\ -1 ~
"c)fu I
~ ,;·2, ·o,~..,-~· :!!"i l ~l!,l'>;Q'~' :!!"i l "1~,; l!,I'
31'fl'<l"'l<l ~ '<fR f.l~) tldl 1i- ~':!l"i'~ll
q,lf-~ "if,T 6[c'f ~ '.fffi N'TI.
1l;'t 3frrr ~ f1 A1 "1 N'TI, ~ "Cl'! T.I «I Ix: il) ~ fi-f<l I "1-S· i!>RT:-
'
,ft 31 ~ R, i;a <'l'l ~ 1J+fr! ffl 1'i ~ft"11"1<l;cf51,:, ~:.
~$11"1<lcf51'<:, til'<"ll"1<l·cf51'<~ilR, I
"flwr N'1T Tim 31 jcf5~"1, ~ Tim ' '
~ T.fllj ~ '.fffi $let,, ~<!!'1 -tj
ifi~'fl-f<ll. .t '<fR 31"1°<1>1'<- ~
"if,T 31 o1 et, Ix , f1 '11 fQ "if,T 31 o1 et, 1, ,
"f!W1 N'1T t I
~ "if,T 31oicf51' Tim oITT"f\ "if,T
The four characteristics of
31 "1 cf5 Ix I
intermediate state- Possessing
The four-fold ornament of
the power of karmic miracle,
Bodhisattva- Ornament of
possessing complete sense morality, ornament of concen-
powers, being obstructive by tration, ornament of wisdom
none and being able to see with and ornament of retention-
the pure divine eyes. formula.
154
Set of Four
"il(i,JDlifll -q,q('(: ifGT:-

lj qi\ c;:' {11 ', tj c;:' 3l\!1~4*tjc;=~r-'r,:1Bfa I
"i It:1 a ff ~ '<IT'( ifG- ?fi' ltj c;,

llqj,4c;, til'itjc;, ~ 31~ I
The four Vedas of the Briih-
ii c<114RI 6d I'11 f.'I maJ].a- B.gveda (Science of
f/11 l 11 ll1 "o 1'1 '1, Aphorism), Yajurveda (Science
'
~ $1 Iil1 "o 1'i '<'lfu I of Sacrifice), Siimaveda (Know-
'<IN "llR ~ 3!Rlbd1'1- ~ - ledge of Poetry) and Athar-
vaveda (Science of Adminis-
~ . G R - ~ . '34~1'1
tration).
~ ~ J;r$1l-~I
Four types of blessings- Blessing ~-il'\''\<1'-"<l~f ~31 ''\QC:'\ '!j"IC:''\<1'-'l
of truth, blessing of giving, ~ "'"-CJ'iil ·~"·~·'\i:ii-·1 .i'<!]·'\i:ii-·f 11
blessing of pacification and
blessing of wisdom. ii <'<II~: 3l-.J/t1 ~ I ~ ol I:- "El'clfq-
-itc/>:, ~:. ~:.
s·!:llll"ff<la·~·q· <I~ 1 <!] ~ ·~31"·ii\ ilj''\·"'"'. c.lJ 51'l1 '11 Fi'! q<!> ~i:1 fa I
'
'<IT'( 31 :!/t1 ~ 3l ~ ol tic-
ij'<:i<>:~1 '\~."-~"\''4"ri"\·~·~1 <!]"\".
~. 'F]-~. ];f$11-
..... Al - ,:,,. Al ......
'lfj"\'"'"-'-.: 1 o1c:·r; "·i:i;1"-·Qc.,,·-.: "-II ~ (fm &iu1.-J-~I
The four empowerment~ of the
ii <' f.'I I ll I :- 'fc"- highest tantra- Vase empower-
t1 cl ff«i c11 c;:, ',i,ltii~c!>:, ,.:ef<R- ment, secret empowerment,
cfTc;:, t1 r"id"l ll~i:1fa I wisdom empowerment and
~~ I fill ~ '<IT'( f.'I Ill- 'fc"- empowerment of words.
ti clf f«1 c11 c;, ',i,ltii~<l>. ~ -
cfTG (fm ti fnl ct1 ll I
Four categories of Vaibha~ika- c.,,,1;-i:i·
" !\
•n; <!]'z;r· i:i"lo1·"' I Cl.f- "-" Qc.,,..... ·...,~ ".
Miilasarviisti viida, Mahiisiin- '\al<!]"'i:i"lo1·"' I <>i '-1' i:i ~c:. c:°i. ~. "-!:l" '~-
ghika, Sthaviraviida and
i:i~. i <!]. <!] ~ "I''\:\"~ "I'"'"''Q"lo/' "'~l l
Sammiffya.
!:joi'ila·~111·s'\·i:i~1 ~"·i:ir'\ 1 o1i\t"\1 ~Et f.re[t1Rfct1>t- &J 0 1ti4<;,
~ Ri"1'1'1, "1"1cl'1'1 3lf.'kll-
~'''""' ' '
'i,;"\'£°<!] ~'\·~c:·(11 fl:rfa" RJ "1.-J '1, fi ti I~ i;l q-RRJ"''f1=.-J~',,
' '
155
Set of Four
~ . 4ic'llf.1 ~ -
~ f.1 flt! i'l I-1"1 f1' fil 'f1 .-i "tl I ~ : . ~ : . cll.5\"111-
'<IR 11<1>1~ ~ ~ a Rlro- e'JUT- fi'i ~ q-; ~,.) [1' I
~ ct\ ~ ctl, "1"i<l1 et) qf
31 f.1 fl1 i'l I ct\, fi fl I~ "If ~ ct\ "~-

"11-q1q11"-1":=tC()., ~ -
'...!8·"11'"1'1"'1'·,
rr.=rr_
>1-.111
cfm fl R1 if\ cf>l'IT cl cg cl> liT cfi ~-"t\TI~I

~ f.1 ~tj i'1 w.d q ~ qfc'IT et) '<IR Sl<l>I~ ~ a@J~q, "Qc
3lfi'rq-q,_ '}tu 3lfi'rq-q,_ ~
Four thought transformations- 3lfi'rq-q, cfm &i "11 3lfi'rq-q, I
Realizing the preciousness of 71T
human birth, realizing the
impermanence of life, realizing
~-~-~-
~~"tlg~I
the faults of cyclic existence Four types of empowerment
and realizing that pleasure and (Initiations)- Vase empower- /
suffering as results good and ment, secret empowerment,
bad actions. wisdom empowerment and
.f~"ll!,l'Cl~f ,;·~"111,1'<.jl .;j'"l·c.i:..{"11!,1'<.!j word empowerment.
OR
El ·af,;1 "'"""i"l"q:.,·~"j"l"<.!;{11 Master empowerment, secret
empowerment, wisdom empo-
ili'lti) ~~Fcte:11:- ~- werment and the fourth
Fcl ~ f1' 4 fca:, fcl fil fcl, ft! I, fl RI <f\- empowerment.
3TIW]"tj mfr I
"icrc;·cr~11,1·i"i·cr~·~·c.i1 5'':!"·c.ia.·"i'lC::'
'<IR ~~-Fct€111[- ~-
Fcl ~ f1' 4 fca , fc1 fil fcl, ft! I cfm fl RI q, 9o.i·~o.i· ~"i1 "i"""111,1c;·"iCJc;·911,1·c;"1· ~"i I
'
<l1cr I
Four awareness- Non-awareness, "j"lC::. Cl"~ 11,1·:..CJ·~-"icrc;.911,1· cl:i "i" ~"i1 u;c;·
distorted awareness, indecisive lljo.lC::.al"llj""iCJC::.911,1 ·ol ,;11,1· ~"i·qi{l 1
mind and correct awareness.
il(j.~~ if}: •Hitt: R.i fi'lEI I ~I:
"icrc;·cr~l ':!"""iCJC::"J "j"lC::""iCJC::"J ~o.i-:..CJ· qRq<t<11: '>l<IRI- ~1(Utic1fi'l~c/,u1
iil -~ 11,1 •~- "iCJc;·1 al"llj" 9. "iCJC::" CJill!,I".f11 cfil"<!: q Rq cfc1: ~ • 3J&ITTl'I-
'.),(U Ifi'l ~ c/, uI cff<f\ q Rq cfc1 I ~ .
"'"""il 'J,(U $111 fi'l ~ ci,01 "'11: qRq<'f<i
ijCJ'"i<l"i"~""iCJC::" ! lljo.lC::"CJa.'"iCJC::'! ~11,1·
~. 31 [1' 'J,(U cll 5\ "111 fi'l ~ c/, uI
ft@ qRq <l'ci ~ mfr I
:..CJ·iil ·~o.i-~·"iCJc;· I "iCJc;·CJ~ ·c.i,{11
156
Set of Four
~ 'l lUJ 'l 'ifR" ~. ~ <1:?n

R!ct1E11\!13ll <ITT qRqifil mr- f.'l'l\Oic/>14 I
-.m.u "f1c Gffl 3lfi'rqq, <'I c!iT1l <!iT Four features characterizing
qRq<f<l N'TI. 31~ :rm the resultant Truth Body-
3lfi'rqq;- <'I qjcp <!iT q R q cM "ITT'TI. Natural Truth Body, Wisdom
'
:rm ™ et<'I '1'l <!iT
3lfi'rqq, Truth Body, Complete Enjoy-
ment Body and Emanation
4 Rq cM N'TI TI'm 31 Fa 'Jlil ai Gl 1
et 3lfi'rqq, <'I ~ <!iT qRq cM Body.
5T11 I 1:1.s~·~·!!"\''l:\111'i'IIJ~·,ri:i~ I ui ·~ ~· ~"i·'!ii!J.
The four empowerments that
mature the four mind-strems- i''l1 ~· CJ I '1'c.· i:i·,:J"i.'!:!i!J'i''11 ~·CJ 1 i!J!l' ~"i.
The body is matured by the
external vase empowerment, the
~ari'llj~·CJJ 'll~'ll~·~·l~"i '!:!OJ'i''l]~·
speech is matured by the CJ~ll
internal secret empowerment,
the mind is matured by the ~Ell 'l><1'tt"lel_ $11'1fl"-l<'t,
secret wisdom empowerement ~Sl"lxi"1<1,, J;!"llilfl"-lci. <'i"G'-
and the thought is matured by =cfi~14=flm"-l=<1 'P-1 lilfl"-I a' TTi'T
..... ...,
"M qcfi 14 fl "-I q I
~c:•ri"\·?fi:i~1 ~r tl 5lJ ~c.·~·r1
Four types of excellence- Excel-
ii «1 1R 11 i; l"l,a If.'t- 1fferclT. 3fT(l:. lence of wisdom, excellence of
cfGl:, ,ng~'c)fa I abandonment, excellence of
~ 11 i; l"l,a 1fferclT. "Glt'I, "fNf, power and excellence of
"c/Tl! I emanation body.
Four elements- Earth, water, fire !"i·,r~11·:ri:i~1 ~c.',i,;·9·i"i'CJI
and wind
i"i'CJ I ..i·,,.'~.'ll~·CJ"-'i"i'CJJ
1:1.s~~·.r~·,11i'"\·s1·~·.r~·i:i~1 ~·if~'\·
i"i'CJ~ll
~1 ui·~~·.r~·~r arc.~·~r ~"l·~~r1
Efllf:-
ii <'ii I\!: q, <it El if <Ii Ilfl q ,,Uffi!IT
il«IIR t;l•llf.'t 3ll~'lc;l'1'l.
'
WI-
c;l'1't, 3f'l-14C:11't, /:)'0!1c;H ~ I
~ : . ~ : . WlWT-
c!iTll:, f.'!<J\Olc/il4~tjfa I 'tJR 11 cfi I\! et GR- 31 I flt 'I c; I '1,
4> <it *> ci"i El if <Ii 14 cf!;

'ifR" Ellf-GR• 3l'lf4'-GR ~
id q <ill:! cjj Ellf- ~. -thfi- GR I
157
Set of Four
Four types of giving- Giving of '<I (·i'II ~:

material help, g1v1ng of ~
Dharma, giving protection from ( ~ "f1'6
fear and giving of love. 'E\fcr I
!ii·qa·~c::·~ll'<l'Cl~ 1 cir"i·1"i.~"·1;1l. q"·~-
=cr,~1'1~~"'' 1~,I:, ' I:,
''1 i:1111'
s"· q/:\·~ c::·1 "l"i'Q'i "l ""q"·1;11· q"·~·s"· 31fcl~llll'l~i1 I
'<IN l.l"l!T'T- ~ "c/JT ~ . q]t[-
qr.(.~ c::·1 t "j'Q ~"-I't1 "l'l;l1·q"'~-S"I'qr.(· VITtA, "0l'"'l q'; "ffl:!.l" 1PfT c/J , '11
~ c:: ·1 "l\1·q·S"l'q"l'l;l1'q".~-S"I' qr.(. ~ ~ "c/J1" ~ 3Ti:fur c/J, '11 I
~c::·rn ~rrm'-rr
i-/>1'1111•1, ,
1ii:1111•1, """ '
1R111'1 i:;<-r
~Ei GI.J!il-;il'l_ (G1'11Jffiif>:)- 31fcl~1111•1 I
'J."I fcl'~141clt<'1<;1?1'1,
~ " ~ 31j~l·HI . fcl'~ ~141- The four preparations (train-
cf><'1afm, "2": <ll fcl ~ ti'i c/J<'lafm, ings)- Accumulation of merits,
c. ' :!, c. '
31 q "' 1, fcl ~, 4~ c1t a ITT 'E\fcr I purifications of sins, worship-
GR cfi ~ '<IN ITT ('<IN ll) 'll
ping with recitation of
scriptures and the offering of
~GR)- j 0 1fcl~1~c1ta ITT,
ritual cakes to evil spirits.
31j~i-H1 fcl~1~c1ta ITT. ~:<lr- OR
fcl~'14~1c1ta ITT om 31qc/Jl'<- Application of desire, applica-
fcl ~ ti'i c!i a ITT I tion of existence, application of
Recipients are of four kinds- view and application of igno-
Those distinguished by quality, rance.
those distinguished by benefit,
those distinguished by suffering f:r;'Q'Q~f ~"'f"l"'i"-''11 ~--%:j,;,"Ql
and those distinguished by "'e"-~"·q/:\·j"-'QI ,;\1·i"l·"'/:\·j"-'Cl~\ I
harmfulness.
'<Ifill~: 1lll)•11:- f1q\c/J1,1fi'lfiisiltf-
!"-'Q'Q~f ~"l"l"Q"l"j"l'ql ~"l·q·jc::·Q1 , ~ I'1<'1~111'1:,
~111•1:, ' 31j~4~111•1:,
'
~ "'ic::·~1·q1 "1'1"i'"-1'"]1j"-'"'' ~ "-''l~!l a1 fil Ii-1> ~ ti'1 •1~il Ri I
'<IN l.l~ <fi l.l"l!T'T- 00-
CIJC.'"il c/Jl'<I fi'I 'Hofltf
'' ~111'1, ' ~ j '1<'1~111•1,
'
"1.'1\q/:\·f"-''ll ~\q/:\·{"-''ll 71·t1/:\· 31jlj,4~4l'I ~ aifillc/J~111'1 I
Four trainings- Training of
complete aspects, peak training,
158
Set of Four
· serial training and momentary Ef SJD-5clSJ-

'
training. 3lUl I<"i 'l O'5 cl 1-\.
<f~<il'-1"'5"1 ~ I
!""'"lll'&:l~f {11 8"~1 CJl\r.JJ Q.~<ir YfR' ];I~ cf> SJD-5cl
~~'t'.JO.'l~·11l9·~1 SJ O'5 cl , 3l&IT<"i' SJ O'5 c'I.
'l u'5 c1 <fl!ff <1l2f<il 'l o'5 c'I I
il<'<II~: 11,i)•1SJ1•1f:- '3t5l--1'1,• =b. ,,..... t
Four types of ma1;uJala- External
e:rrf.a-:, <'ii Fcl, cf> Iii tp:\~i1 (<11 Fcl, cf> l- ma1.19ala, internal m~<;lala,
m:l 'f \1'1111 'l I' f:) I secret mandala
. . and the mandala
..
'ifR 11<WT-llflf- '31'll, ~. e:rrf.a- of thatness.
cll!ff c1ifcl,cf>li.1w\ I
Four levels of the path of il·&:151·r.Ja·1ari'llf·&:1~1 ~i.a.·1 11·£-9 ~9·
preparation (Stages of the ~1l.·13.r£'9 ~"l·so.·111·£'9 ~CJ·1ii'~·~·
path of preparation)- Heat,
peak, forbearance and supreme 111·-i9'Clil':"CJ~i{l1
mundane qualities.
3fffl~~ i'ki'fl~= *1'1111:-
lfll'Cl~f t'.JZ:.'~'Q.i'CJQ.'11·111 ~·11·Cli~'t'.JQ.' chsl·H'l/1:, ~~lfl'l/1:, I-.J"c'.l·H'111:,
311i11 <1' 'cfR' *1'111
q(jffl'111, ~~li/i'111, I-.J0c'.lfl'111
<fm 3lli11<1fl'l11 I
~Ell qp,fr- 3fcl,mi'\, ~ . The four pledges of Buddha
~.~~I Ak~obhya- Pledge concerning
'ifR 11~ <!fr tl 14) ~. the vajra, pledge concerning the
~ . ~ 'C!'ci ~'5~cf>- mudra, pledge concerning the
tl'RT I bell and pledge concerning the
Four types of nurses- Nurse who master.
carries the child in her lap,
nurse who gives the suck from
her breasts, nurse for cleaning ~9~·r.J.-..·sz:.·~Cl't'.J'"J'al·Q.~9~·t'.J1 ~9·t'.J·
the child's body and nurse for
playing with the child. ~'i't'.J'~II~· il'i'II~ ~'t'.J'"l'5J'C\~9~'t'.Jf Cl"''
51~"l'&:l~f 5'"f'1 ~Z:.'"f'l 9~Z:.'Cl''iZ:.'f
~ ·rf ~·~ 1·~·11~"1·af1 I
159
Set of Four
'l'<s '"-§<;. QC,,'QJ;,J' ~·"';'."1' CJ' QJ. ·c,,e_ "1 "'' ~fc1!ltx"t -., $x'1t elm Fcl;;it'1 'q,T
~fc1!llx 0t -., q,,('111
qi{ll
Four types of non-reliance- Not-
ili'<llR «'t'l11~t11f.'I- ~ - relying on a person, not relying
~ ~I Ii: E/'1, 3i t:a q/li,Q $11 '1 ~ !ll 1'1<'.I '1. on words, not relY,ing on the
' ' interpretative meaning and not
3l't1 '1 I[{I q,ii '1 \ '1.--ll :!11 <'<I f.'! ~'<'H'1 cll 1-
q, ,("I~ !ll 1'1<'.I'\. 4 q I fil\q,'11' I\q-
relying on mind.
dx 01 ~ !ll Ixsi ~ I §l,;;..,.,.Q~j !jol''i!ll.·~"1"''1 ~QJ'~"1"'1
'ifR «'t!lll~i:l 3W'!fiol'J~~!lll'1EI,
3i If-cl q/li ,Q $11 '1 ~ !ll I'1<'.I, 3l•fN I[{I q, l~"1"'1 "11\"l'CJll.'~"1"''..rll
le.I <i\ '1.--ll~ I<'<I f.'! ~ii dell Iq,,( 01 ~ 'l 11 '1 El
il~l-<'l cfUTf:- iill51°t:, ~:.
~ 4q\filtq,'11't\qaxot~!lll'1EI I ~:. !l[~!lilfc1 I
Four fearlessnesses- The fear- 'ifR cruf- iill51"1. ~ . ~ ~
lessness with respect to become
enlightened through thorough ~I
The four castes- Priest caste
understanding of all pheno-
(Brahmai;i), royal caste
mena, fearlessness with respect
(U~atriya), merchant caste
to the wisdom that eliminates all
(Vaisya) and laborer caste
contaminations, fearlessness
(Sudra).
with respect to teach others how
to avoid obstacles and fear-
lessness with respect to the
engagement in the path of
renunciation. qo,·al ·~.,.CJ I '!c:i·%c: ';,J~c,,· U,J .,. qll_·.i·~ .,.
ll·{'i·r.i·c:i~l "1c:·,;"1·<>J·al{'i·q1 £-i:ri·<>J·al· qi{ll
•
r"·CJ1 :iC:'J\'"·QJ·.i{"·CJ1 ~ol·~o,·QJ·a)· tj~ I R 3i $11 '1 <Iii~ 011 f.'1- c/>T"c'I-
r"·CJit11 Rl ~ 'it "'- «11 a, 3l $11'1 ''\. m-
Rl ~ 'Jt '<'-<'<I Id,
3i $11 '1 '! ~-
tj(-<IIR 3Tllfa!l1~011f.'I gc;:•1c11- Fil q <Jt '<'- <'<I Id,
3i $11 '1 '!, TJl'lffil-
~ Fc1 !llx 01a 1. cll5J. "1 '1 rn Fc1 !l tx 01 a 1. c.i, ,:q Iq ~ (q,tcifcl~q,q:,
~ . Fcl;;it'1rnfc1- ,~ l'1 fil q q,q:, <fl'4't ~l c-; I'1 fil ~ q,q:,
!ltx0ta 1 ~ 1 filqq,q:) ~ I
'ifR 3Tllfal!l~"I 9,<;_'lci cf,T 'ifR <1>1,off ~ 3i$11'1-
~fc1!ltx"I -., cr,,.,1, ~"1"1 cf,T q,tc1filqq,q, (~) ~ cfi q,1,01
~ fc1 !l I'1 uI "'1" q, '1 '11. -a'\1:rrcl cf,T 3f$1T'l, m-filqq,q ~ cfi
160
Set of Four
<l>l'<"I ~ . ~ - 31 ~ ~f.)-a tl ll f c6 'i'ITT" R! ro) <'I I c;-

cfi cfj\,(D\ ~ <1m ~ ~ ~ <'11,H 'i fil ca'J (-tl Ii;, fqD\f!'i-
13c;1,a1 "<t\ fc1,p1a1 er; cf>1,a1 RI'
rnl(-{l Ic;, RI'I(-{l Ic;
tl --s; '11 f1 '1-cd
~I <1m 31fT'1f1'1-Ri@l(-{llc; I
Four causes of ignorance- The four minds of enlighten-
Distant time of the object, ment preoccupied by faith-
distant place of the object, The earth-like mind of
distant subtle nature of the enlightenment, the gold-like
object, and profundity and mind of enlightenment, moon-
vastness of the object. like mind of enlightenment and
the fire-like mind of
f,l''l~l illl'<l,')1 i''l.99 ii:i\ai11 ,t;· enlightenment.
{,;·1 ii'~'Cj'!')'ClQ.'~''l~l 1t;'!:J'iCJ'<l1 "t;'!:J'
Tl\!,&fil c:ll:- ~11~<la'lmc;cf>1fe:.
3J:i')'"11 ~'f'"i<l.\"i·~·J9~·9%9·"l·i,~·
13(-{l Ic:f.'l ,1t1cf>1 Fe:. f!a f1 t;_cf>1 Fe:.
3™1'/i~l"llcf>'lfe~ilR1 I '1:!'~9~·q 1 CJ"-' a:,1·.i 1·qa.·~,;·?. ''1.~"i·\11
'<lR if>l~lll ~ll~cid '3fUC: "<t\
~ . 13(-{l Ic:-f.'R'm -et) ~ .
tj d ti) ~~f.)-a tj ll f1flll!':- 311 <'11 et,-
\ F>,
c'Wf:, 311 <'I Iet,~ l<i,:,
"fl"f(-~ (~-"llfu-1) -et)
'ffi'i'fl0 ~~I "I I j- i:rim:'
~ <1m 3IT'ffil-~ "<t\ ~ I
311 "I 'fl 4fl '11 rt! ~ii R1 I
The four possible combinations-
Eternality and nihility, produc- ~f.)-a tj ll f "*'ct1
311 ct1 cf><'l l''l, 311
"-[-fR"
et, ~f.&.
1iftl ll 1-
'ffi'i'fl~
tion and cessation, existence
and non-existence and appea- cl~~Hlj~cl~I ~
rance and emptiness. 311"1'f14f1'11rtl-1
Four stages of aspiration-
Attainment of light, increase of
light, entry into the essential
.il3J~''li"il 9-il"-''l:''~ll:.il3J~''li"i1 .il'
truth and uninterrupted medita-
\l/·~ll.·.il3J~·<ia11 ai· \l/·~ll.· .il 3J~'!:Ji1· tion.
\11
Tl (-ii 1,<l 31 ~ ~f.)-a Tl ll fR! fcth·<J I GI:-
~ q~ f1 '1 RI @I (-{l IG:' fq Djfj '1-
'ilf<ll'< "i'<cf>I:- '3<Sl-1"1xcf>:, ~na"lxcf>:,
R1 <f11 (-{l Ic;:, tl --s; '1 lfl'i Rical(-{l IG:, ~l~~lcf>"l'<cf>:. ~,llcf>"lxcf>~tl I
31 [Toi f1 '1 RI ca'1 (-{l Ic; ~ ii R1 I
161
Set of Four
TfR Mif> I~ '1 ~ if>- '31S"f "'Rcli", seven days and food to support
~ "'Rcli", ~ 1~ ~ 1c1> "'Rcli" am life.
~ 6(1 cl> "'Rcli" I
Four types of hell- Hot hell, cold
"l!"f'"l"f'<l~l &l· iijr.l.'"1i"1'"1"1 si· ~'\·~·
hell, neighbouring hell and "1~"1'"l"1 ~OJ' </','~"1'r.ir.l.. "1i"1'"l "1
occasional hell.
o,~ "1'~ "i' r.ir.l.. "1 ~"1 '"l"] 'iif1
~·!·;'\·1:1~1 ~~'\! <!>'\'\'~'\! i<l"i'Z::"1'
'tl cl~) fcl El I: (lJ'Ol!i)- Jlel x fcl El 1.
~'\! ~·.<Jr.l.'~'\'~11 ~ 'tl, Fcl$1RnFcli'll,
'rl f<II R >'t til ii<! cl rjj I fil I- 'fc1 cl "::Pi,
&ft rl, cl> Fcl El I ~ I
TfR Y"iffi ~ fcli'll (l1~)-
''l Iti1.1 cl "cl l-1 , '3 q ~ ~ I,-F~ l-1 , q xct ...,,j
' ' 3lelxfcli'll. ~ i:;ci >11q1fclE11.
'tl I
Fcl $1 Rn Fcl El I am <:>1~ Rl, c1> fclw 1
TfR >'t til u'<j-('l""rjj- '!c1 ct ~ ' 'llTti1.l-
cf";l, (3 q ~ ~ Ict "cl am q Xct "cl I
The four-fold sciences- The
science of syllable, the science
Four medicinal-tantras- Root
of words and language
(original) tantra, explanatory
(grammar), the science of
tantra, instruction tantra and
supreme enlightenment and the
later tantra.
science of worldly affairs.
~·!·"1~·1:1~1 '.t·l'~Z::'~'tl"il ~"i'af"i·~· ~~"'-'<1~1 i'<i"'-'"~,;~°\·~·o.r5',;,·a.f1
~z;·<Jr.l.' tl"i 1 "1"1'<1~"i'<Jr.l.· tl"i 1 ~· ~'\·o.af· "lsj"i'<J','Q,JZ::~ j\~·o,r5',;,·a.f1 ~Z::'ll]X..'
<J ilZ::. ~. tl°\'~11
t ~·~·a.r5'"a.f1 l<JX.,' i"l'<Jr.l.·o.r5'x.,·~11
~'ll'lttilEl'l- ~ ~ -
'rl ('cl I R 11-<'l 'rlslH fil1- "3tufl i1 '1161-
~6"1'i, fcl~t<Hi'l<ilcl s:l4'J<l,i
'Ji1 Z.il '1 l-1,' <ii <{-1 ~ OI~: 'Ji1 Z.i1 '11.l go Il-1,' ~<EJ '<'l!!>'t, ~1c1111i 1-fi'l'<'l!!>'t, ~
uflfclc1>1cl ~ ~ I le.I s\ 'tl ffi 'l , '1T'i1' f.'l 'l IoI'tl ffi ~ I
'
TfR M<l>I~ ~ ~~ '<ITT' Y"iffi <i, 1J.."R '<fsl>- l-1 «1 cl>
~ .'I ~ ~ . Fcl~)q ~ Ti l-1 g 1-lj<El 'tl !Ii, .:f\crr Tj ,tj1, I'tl <!>,
et ftTI; (3 q ~c/ct ~ ' "xiTct" fG'1 ~ Ti 1c.1 slti w am "1lfi'r Ti
et ftTI; ~ am ;;ilfclc1>1- f.'l l-11 °I'tl I
et
f.'1 cl Ig ftTI; $,r,, I Four root channel wheels-
Four types of basic medicine- Wheel of great bliss at the
Food to be eaten before noon,
crown, wheel of enjoyment at
food suitable at a particular
session, food to be taken for the throat, wheel of phenomena
162
Set of Four
at the heart and wheel of 'i!R '[<'I f.'I if> 1ll- 1@'-
emanation at the navel. f1 c1 IR'1 c1 1c; . 11 i, 1fi IR:! c/i. t1 fnn\1,i
TIW ,{!1 fcl,cl I c; I
l"i:ia·ic;:cri:i~1 ii:ri·i:rit1·r.i1 •r~i\'"1"-' Four main schools of Buddhist
oli\'"11 ~·,$"c;l!,J't:J"-'}\r.i1 ~i\'ij~ll Philosophy- Mulasarvastivada,
Mahasa1,1ghika, Sammifiya and
~ : '[c114<'dll:- ~1011faq1ci:, Sthaviraviida.
31c;rn1c:11"[. 31~5lii4'1 (cW1-
fi12.ll1i11,:). 'iqlcllc;~-tlfa I arc.l!-l·r.ia·'!Ji\~·i:i~1 SOJ~·r.i1 ~<t1
'i!R 1I,<'I 31 I 4 Rd ll I (~31T <!ft"
'\'l]C\''ll <lljC::'faJl!-l'ii'll
lfR '[<'I 311qfctl,ii)- ~1011faq1a
(~ Ifol lll ctJ 5flTI c/i-1'1 I), ~611'<161~1: (~611'<161~1:)-
3Jc;rn1c;11 ("'i'!'RT c/i,11). 31~5lii4 -Jtfr. c/>~"11, ~ . i3""Cfffi "ilfc'r I
(qj1'1r12.'llill-l), 'iqlcllc; (~ 'i!R 11611'<161~- -Jtfr. cf,~011,
~1c111) I ~ TIW i3""Cfffi I
Four root cause of downfalls of Four qualities of Brahma- Love,
an ordained monk)- Killing, compassion, joy and equani-
taking what is not given, mity.
indulging in sexual misconduct
and speaking lies. arc.'l'i:ia·i:iii''\·o:,OJ~·i:i~ 1 ~"'·OJ~\~ i\' ~ 'i'
r.ii>: 'I'!"l~. ~· £:. c;· Q¥l ~. ~' ~ r:..?:i'· iii\.~.
l"i:ia·F·~"l·i:i~1 {<1·2f1 ~<-·<i'1 '\"l"-'<11
'\"l"-.?ji{ll OJ~\~i\''l~ C:,l!-J't:JJ '\~'"'~i\·~· ~ ·~'':Ii\'
i!(-i'IJ~: '[ciclOJf:- -;fu;r: lfm: 'i'IJ"'''l'"'"'~~·Q I '\~ ·a,~i\· ~·'\si\'iaJ·

31clc;l,1:, c1'1f%a~ilfa I . ,,
' t:JJ ,$"'\'~'\''l~'iaJ't:J~Jl
<IN '[<'I iif- -;fu;r, if\c;rr, f14i c;
~ <'llc'f I ii (-il I ft !IW!U ll I f.'1- 'fl'
"[4-
Four primary colours- Blue, ~tl.l ~~I q fcl ?11 R{!1 {i l-lj ....--j «j,q {-l.l
yellow, white and red. f.'11-1\01"[, ~ : 311-11'1cl'1-
~Gl'1'1, ~ '.J,'111<'1'1"[, iitl~51-
l"i:ia·~·cri:i~1 ~OJ~'il'\'"J\r.i<-'ij'<:11 '4~'
~ "ilfi'r1
a\i\'"11 OJC::''Il!,J'J:;1'~"-'<:11 '!Ji\~'<:l~i\'"1~11 'ifR !IW!lTl.l- ~ "[4 'ff ~
~ ij 1W!?r 3ffi{!1' 'ff {1 l-lj ....--j
ii (-il 1-<l '[c1 <11 <ii f.'I if> Ill I:- 1@'-
~ <ITT f.'111 \ oI c/i , '11, fi:l"aJ--t{-q
xi c1 \ ff<-1 c11 c;:, 11i,1fi1fflc/i:, t1i"A1<1~ll:,
"c/il" 3ITTT'l'-"cl"'1' ctJ 1fc c/i, '11,
~Fcl,c11c;~i:lfa I
163
Set of Four
rtllj;GIT cpl cf>~ HI al!IT

'tfR ~ tU Fci i5 I~1 cli'r "fTI'cf'lT if>~ '11 I cf>f;OII 31!.l'll"I. ~ 3!\.1'11°1
Four immaculate merits of a~ ~ 31\.1'11°1 I
Brahma- Construction of a Four immeasurables- Immea-
stupa preserving holy stupas in surable loving kindness,
a place where none exists, Immeasurable compassion,
offering garden to the ordained immeasurable joy and immea-
community, reconciling a surable equanimity.
schism in the ordained commu-
nity and meditating on the four ~"l~i!,lll'i'('~·ufo,'1jo,'<I~ l 1'4' :(Qj' "I'll'
immeasurables. i.il 9 ON' <1:<,. "JC:' '\9'<1"-'/ilC: ON' r ~ ·'5'\·oJi{ll Q:<,'~'\'<I \ ~' ~-'JON' <J:<,';j'<:113_ '~:<,',ON'<I'
~Ef 1PJIOISJ_- ~&1!.l'il"l'j, <l!'\'o,<N'Si!\'CJ'~ '<1"-' 9i!\<N'<1i{l I

3lj'i H\.l 'i I"1'1, 31 I' I 'i J.l 'i I01 'j.
'341-JHJ.l'll"i ~ I ~('ll~= ~ft<'I-.Jl<l'J,UJT:- ~
T.fR 1;[qj""R rt 111JTOT- ~&1' flR1'11~1'1'j, <jFcl~1~111:, i's[U;s-
\.11-JIUI, 3lj'il'1 \.l'il"I, 3fT'T+f \.1'11°1 ~ g'1f;<i,li!:, 3l{!JO:Sl/1 ~ -
a~ '34'11'1 J.l'll"I I '.!44\'.I ~~4{'1'.ll4~acl.1~-tlRI I

Four types of valid cognition- ~ft<'l'J.11<1 rt
T.fR 1];Uf- ~ ~
Perceptual valid cognition, fl"'lcf! 3TRR, xjFcl ~<& 3TI'W<l,
inferential valid cognition, .ri;c ~ ~ '3 fl cf> I g"I f;<i, I,
cognition of transmission and cf>{ '11 al!IT ~ ci, ~ x'i<R ci,
the cognition of example. i;rfu 3fITTlTiq %@ ~ 'ffi'@
E'\'il'\'Q~\ ( ~ON'<la'9i!\'ll'<I~\) ;joJON' '6'11 I
Four qualities of the essence of
<1''5'\'&l'\! ~C:'t_''5'\'&l'\j '\9"-'<1''5'\' moral discipline- Accepting
&l'\j <11jC:'{oJ<N''5'\'&l'\'\ll properly from others, to be
inspired by pure motivation,
-.t:l'\ S\.l 'i Io11, restoring one's own ways once
ct,'(l u11::,~ '11 u1 I, ~S\.l'i I01'j. one has transgressed from one's
~S\.l'il"II ~ (~. cf>f;UII, code and being mindful and
~ . "31taTI ~ I ) I devoted to the discipline so that
it will not get transgressed.
164
Set of Four
'"l'Q l ~·~"If ~~·1·af11 ~I <Id(; ell fl<'i' «I a ""1<'1 Ic; ell fl a 'cl I
' '
<TR: l-l<f>li( *'
~i:llflq~ i\
fu;j, ~ell t1a, "'c; 1Rl q Ril Rfa ""I
'
~l(ilfi4'l, jlilfi4'i, ~ '

~I
' ffi cfT61T =c;=ell=t1=q, 312lfIB 11 I-
~ 1<Id c; ell t1 a, om «1 a ""1 a I i: ell-
'i'.fN "fl'l (PI <1 'l )- ell 5( "1 'il 11 <'lG".
"fl<'( I
~ ~. :!ITT ~ Til!JT q{l,T2T Four types of substantial
<'lG" I existence- Logically established
Four-fold methods- Word by substantial existence, ever-
word transmission, open unchanging substantial exis-
method, hidden method and tence, functional substantial
ultimate method. existence and self-independent
substantial existence.
"~·~i·~·:-i::ra:~·i:ri::r~l ~~·"~I 151·
"iG°"iI S1'"i6°"iI ~·?f·~1'"i6°"i';;;II
sf'<iJ <J!a;,·~~~-~-~·~~<>1·~·'1\,;·<11
"Rill o I if<! i'l<:<11 i(: 1i<'Iii GI:- W"f-
~"~·.i&·K~~"l·~-'l\"-'<11 '\Y1·<1&·~-
"Ra'fUT'l,
'
Fcl ~1 q61a'fUT'l, '
c/j IRo1-
"R&TOJ1'[, ~af'Ji ~I ~~<>1·~·'1\"''<l~II

*
"RlffOT
~.
<TR: 1l<'f 'ITG-
Fcl~1q<>1e-rrrr,
i'k<lli(: "'1.("%41GI:- 8-<;-;!{f;l,q1c;:,
cflti-;!{R,q1c;. Rlrn*R,q1c;.
c/J IR"161e-TUT 1fc[ ~e,rrr I '1l'li,il-;!{f;l,q1c;~tlfa I
The four main characteristics <TR: "'1. f% 4 IG 8-<; -;I{ R, q Ic;,
(aspects)- Aspect of know- q'jl)-;!{R,q1c;, Rlrn*R,q1c; "(j'l!JT
ledge, aspect of quality, aspect '1°1 'l i,i 1-;!{R, q Ic; I
of activity and aspect of nature. Four limbs of miracles- Miracles
of aspiration, miracles of
r:~·,?i\i::r~r ~lll~·.i~·~q·.i&·~~·«f11 efforts, miracles of thought and
miracles of analysis.
IJrya;,·.i·§l·~~"'·qa·~~·«f11 {a;,·s1·~~-
~i\·1:1~1 ~"·<1&·~"'·'lliflll~·<1&·~a;,1 ~lll-
<1&·~~·«fi1 "'"-'~'~Q'<1&·~~·ilf1·{11
"a· ~ "-'llliflll~·.i&·~°i I "·2. ~-<i&· ~ ._.
165
Set of Four
9 9~''J ·~'II ~&1·~·Si\J.Cl&1\

<Jll:~'\'~ 'CJ~;{! I c_9·~·s<1J.CJ~1 <ll~·~·si\J.Cl&I\ ~·F·'I·
~q: '!"llqlG'.- qlxl"1f!lil>- ~~·~~·si\J.Cl~·~n
~ : 'l_tl1cl1c::. 31cl~ltccl'II-
tl«l lR f.l "l""lsli'I I ~tidl'il f.l-
~ : 'l_tllcllt;:, 31f.'l~t1d'l_tllcll<';:, il>lll I~<dl'1'1,, ~ .' Rlrn1-
C:ltlcl•ll'f1,ta": 'l_tllcllC:~ilfc'I I ~ tell '1 '1. < 1 ~ "il"fcr I
r.fR Mcjjl~q} '!tll<IIC: 'lffi- f.l "4 "1 R>~ cf} r.fR 3IR( tid I '1-
"1 fil il> qtj' l'f ~ 'l_tl Icl Ic;, cf>Tll-~. cff'1~.
31cl~ltc l'f ~ 'l_41cHc;, ~-~ <l~ (]~-
31 Pi ~ tl a 'l_ q Icl Ic; <1l!:ll Gl"ff l'f ~I
~ 'l_tllcllC: I Four blessings concerning
Completion Stage- Blessing of
Four types of lying- Telling lies
body, blessing of speech,
classed as a defeat, telling lies blessing of mind and blessing of
classed as a remainder, telling thatness.
lies classed as an indefinite case
~·9~~·~·~&19~''J'CJ~f ');;l~''J'~SJ·gc_·~·
and telling lies classed as a
misdeed. ~al9&1'<J\ fSCJ'<Jo:~al9~·<J\ SJf~·<Jo:
(9~·~&1'~"1'~".'<l~f t"l~·~·~"l'CI.S"'l ~3) 'l]&l''J\ f i\'31 &I' ~<J'ic,·~·~al9&1·
C,
~&1·£"9·~·~/ll·C\s"-1 ~sCJ&l·~·~"l·C\s"'1 <Ji{\!

ill·~~·~·~"l·C\s,.,_·(n t1f<l1R WI~Jcl1-<1'11f.l- Fclt11x-
~ . ~1Yc/Jlc'1'-<1'1'1,
tl <'<l I~: f.l "4 "1 w 'I ,i) 'II:- cf'?l- ' '
~<'l>""h=1=cl~Icl=«1='1=11, cfC'l ~I fcl ~111'1 '11 cl '<1'1
<WT: '
'
t1>1lld1•1: .
311c/i1xd1•1: '
"il"fcr I
'
$11'1lfl'l~tl I
r.JR ~~- Fclt11x-
f.l "4 "1 w'1 q} r.fR "llT'T- cf'?I
~ 311cl'<1'1, clllqij, 3llcl'<l'1,
<WT, Wl<! <WT. 311 il> Ix <WT <1l!:ll i'/>1 ~ Icl 311 cl '<I '1 <1l!:ll cfC'l ~ IFci ~ rl l'F'f
"$1"T'1 <WT I 3llcl'<l'1 I
The four Completion Stage-
Four visualizations of calm
yogas- Yoga of tantra, yoga of
abiding- Visualization of
samaya, yoga of shape and yoga
purifying analytical training,
of primordial wisdom.
pervasive visualization, skillful
166
Set of Four
visualization and visualization

for purifying affiictions.
'i'fR ~ :t II <'-11 f.r<{ lfd '1 I-
~91N·r.r1:1~1 ~°i·~91N·~91N·r.i1 S"-·q_'i:;· n'! GJlq '1 cl'i ,m'r ~
~91N·r.i1 s"-·~·q_'i:;·~91N·r.i1 1!!J·1:1t&1·r.i· (311 fl Pc@) ffi ~ ~ 't1 Ifi'lcfi "ft!
-.r"1' f1 cfi <'1 I t_ aj '<i I, cl'i ,m'r
~<!]IN'<lq_'l 1 ~ ffi ~ f.'r:m 13<'4"'1
ii <'<II X: 1] RI q •'•lifi I : - «I (11 q"'1-
q, ii1 ll R'I q "'1 cfi :' (<.;mf311 q fct-1 q, ii1
"ft! *
~ffi~ffl~
mm i. ~ ,m,
ll R'i q "'1 cfi:) fl iii c; I' 11 fi'1 q, ii1 !.I R'i- "ft! \j <'4 n1 mm i "<'1':m ffl
Y--1 q-,:, 31 '1 I' 11 fi'1 '1 Iq, ii1 ll R', q "'1 cfi:, '1W fch1 '11 '1 ffi ~ f1 RI cfi, ~
3Hl cl,! R'i q "'1 <Ii ~ 'cl R'I I "ft! 13 <'4 "'1 "ITT fl cfi ctl i I
'i'fR 11 RI 4 ...-J - ,:a'1 ct I Y --1 Lt> c1 The training for reversing from
~ R'I q"'1 <Ii' (<.;mf311 q fn1 q, ii1 ll R'l- the four clingings- If one has
q "'1 cfi) f1 iii c; I' 11 fi'1 q, ii1 !.I R'i q "'1 cfi,
the attachment to this life he is
31 '1 I' 11 fi'1 '1 Iq, ii1 ll R'i q "'1 cfi 1;ci 3W<'r-
not a religious practitioner, if
,
one is attached to cyclic
ll R'I q "'1 cfi I
existence has no renunciation, if
Four enterers- Enterer into the
one is attached to one's own
fruit of a stream-winner, enterer
welfare, he does not have the
into the fruit of a once-
mind for enlightenment and if
reteurner, enterer into the fruit
one has is grasping worldly
of a never-returner and enterer
objects he does not have the
into the fruit of an Arhat (Foe-
correct view.
Destroyer).
9~"i·"';'"'·q~l c:\~\r.i1 '!]~"ii \9·r.i1
~\r./'<JillN·~11
~"-'q·,,r~°i·°i'?, IN',,i:;·~°i I <l"i9.~°i'''I'
'<'k'<I Ix: 31-!"'lclT:- c/11 iii <'ll 't, fi'1 <il 't,
~°i·a;,·5i:;· ol &IIN'~°i I c:\~"i'<I'§ <:;' a;,· 'l/',:J·
fclacfl, fcl't:11,~'<lR'i I
~°ill '<ITT' 311'1 a- c/11 iii <'ll, ~ . Fc1 a cfl
"<'1':m fc1't:llx I
™: 31~f.'l~:t1r.t{ro"ll'::- m The four changeable factors-
1,1''11 Ifl cftkcl I tt
"1' ~ Ifi'I cfi:, Regret, sleep, investigation and
fif11,1f1@ ., m ' f.!:~: ' analysis.
«rr~lfl@ "1' m ' ~ :'
167
Set of Four
'<1<'•11~: 311i,l~I:- <l>cltl<l>l,161,:,

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,i9·<J I 'l/'cii.l. ·,i9 ·<Jr11 Four types of food- Coarse food,
food of touch, food of mental
~Ef: tllil•I=- ,1 11·Hl~cl:. thought and food of conscious-
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Tim 311 <'11 ~"4 '-), 11'1 <i:i I
Four types of contamination- The four types of unifications-
Contamination of desire, conta- Union of appearance and
mination of craving, contamina- emptiness, union of awareness
tion of ignorance and contami~ and emptiness, union of bliss
nation of view (perverted view). and emptiness and union of
OR
clear light and emptiness.
Contamination of cyclic exis-
tence, contamination of craving, ~c:·,:i~l ~"i.'19~, ~"'·rc:·1 ~"'·,hic:·1
contamination of ignorance and
contamination of view (wrong 'i'.!J·citoJ·<Jrn
view).
i'lc'<l1;iJ ~~=- WTI31"N"'!:,
ll'l'Cl~f fol'~'"~! %,1:!j'"ld,'S!~, ~oJ~·~· tli!iGl'lll-fl,
<
31'11 1 11'11, ~ il"frl" I
'<ITT' ~~- ffl31"N"'!, '11<1.!G I
'l~l ~oJ·~~·~·"~·i:i'11 1Tflfi. 31 '11 1 11 Ill Tim ~ I
168
Set of Four
Four pairs of persons (on the aggregate of discrimination,

path)- Stream-winner, Once- aggregate of compositional
Returner, Never-Returner and factor and aggregate of
Foe-Destroyer.
.
consc10usness.
111'11J~·,:r1:1~1 mc::1 ~~1 '!J.'ll ~"1~·~11 "1~"1~·il;·j·aJi'\''l~J 'iaJ'aJf'f.l.'aJijf.1.'UJ~'
ifrq I R t; :tf-11 f.'1- ill q c; ~i-19 q/,_·a·aJi '\ 1 .J,aJ'~~·aJijf.l.'UJ~''-la·a·
N~1c:~i-1'l), i'/51ce1c;:t\'i9, l!Tcl:-
aJi'\1 %'UJC:'&i'\''-la·a·aJi;1 r.i.~·~~·
c::ti'i9. '!!,<'lt;~\;.j ~ I
'<ITT" Y<IITT" ~ t; :t f'1- -gT'l "i'/5T il;.,.,_~.~~·il;·!la;·~.a ·aJi '\.~·11
m (~ "i'/5T m).
q;rc;r "i'/5T
m. 'lTill "i'/5T m ~ '¥1 'r'l<'<IIR 311i(i,Qll'1d'11f.'I- 3llcfil~ll-
Fcl $1 l'i l'i 'tll I'1 a'i "l.
"i'/5T m I '1""-I 1<H1 "1 >1,
31...
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The four observations of , '
~":-·$1-1-,i-a-';.j ~ I
Buddha (Observation of
Buddha before appearing in '<IN 31 i(ij q ~'1l~'l~Iq"'fca=-311 '1 d 'i
this world)- Observation of the ('<IN 311i(i,Ql '1l'll4Ra'1i)-
continent in which he was born 311i'/51~11'i 'tll I '1(1 'i, fcl $11 'i 1-
to spread his doctrine, obser- 'i ._,i 1,i a 'i. 311 fcl;tj '-ll 11.1 <1 'i ~
vation of the time of his ~i1fi$11'ilfi$11'1ci'i I
appearance, observation of the Four formless sources- Source
mother to whom he would be of infinite space, source of
born and observation of the infinite consciousness, source of
family of his birth. nothingness and source of
neither discrimination nor non-
"1!"1~·~·arc!la;·Qa;~c:·?f1:1~1 a;",;·q/,_·~c:·
discrimination.
<r1 ,.,_~.~~·~·~c:·<rr r.i.~·s;·~·~c:·<r1 "1~"1~·il'\'{aJ~·~"1''1~ 1 'iaJ'i!Jf' f.l.'aJ ij",.
.J,aJ' q,;·~ ~·qi._. ~c:·2f<t11 UJ~·q/,_·a·aJi;1 .J,aJ'~~·aJij",'UJ~'Qa·a·
'r'lf<II~: 31i(ijfi'lo1: ~-i,fl:- clc;'il- aJi'\1 %'UJC:'&l'\'Q/,,'~'aJi;1 ,,,~.~~·
~:. *1.$11«!>~=. ti«t>l~«t>~:. il ;·,,,~·~ ~·il'\·£i a;·~·~ ·aJi;·\11
~I
'<ITT" 31 i(ij <fl -t<l>~'iC.I~- cl c; 'i I%~. ild<a: 311i(i,Qltl'll4ctl'1:-3llcfil~II
*1$11%.£:f, *1%1~%.£:f ~
'i 'tll Ilid 'ifl'i Iq f&-1 :, fcl $11 'i I'i-
Fcl $11 'i «t> >er I ._1.111.1 a 'if1 "l 1q Rn:. 311 Fch5t il'-ll Ill-
The four aggregates lacking <1 'i fl"l I q f&-1. ~qfi$11'ilfi$11llci'i-
form- Aggregate of feeling, f1'il4R'a~-.'1fa I
169
Set of Four
'i'fR 311 '<ii Ql-(31 '<ii q) ,fi •ll q fai <11- "i3J'3Jf'\' 3J ~'\' UJ'4'
311 cl, I~I I'1'<'<11 <Id '1 fl'i Iqr@, l;Ja·'41 ~3.1·~'4·3.1~q·UJ~·l;Ja·~1 %·UJc:·
fc1 $11 '11'1 '<'<l I<Id '1 fl'i Iqr@,
311fil;t1.-lll<ld'1 fP'11qf@ ~ 5l 1·<Ja·~ I ")·~ '4'5l 1·")·~~·a:i1·El"i·~·
~qfi$11'11fi$11<ld'1 fl'11qf@ I ~;{11
Four formless meditative absor-
ila;a: 311'<i1Ql"'t'1<1:- 311<!,l~II-
ptions- Meditative absorption
~:, fc1 $11 '11 '1 '<'<l"Ifi'I ,
of infinite space, meditative
~:, ~cHi$11'11{i$11-
absorption of infinite conscious-
"Ifi'I ~ t1 R1 I
ness, meditative absorption of
'<W{ m '>fPI
<11 ('<W{ 311 '<ilQl
nothingness and meditative
'>fPl<11)- ~ .
absorption of neither discrimi- ~-~.~
nation nor non-discrimination. ~ ~qfi$1Hlfi$11"Ifi'l 1
"lal!f'l'il'\'ol\'{'\·<A·1r1:1~1 ol\"l'3Jf"-'3J~q: Four formless grounds- Ground
of infinite space, ground of
<J'4"~'&"3Ji'\J ~3J-~'4'3J~'\'UJ'4'~'&' infinite consciousness, ground
oJi11 %·UJc:'5l1'~'&"oJi11 ")'~'4"5l1· of nothingness and ground of
neither discrimination nor non-
")·a:i 1·Elol\·~.!'3Ji '\""~'4· ~I I discrimination.
i:lt<l 1,il S'<i14 I I~ll- "1ac:Gfci~1 "i1·<Ja·"l~c:~1 ~"l~·~·
'1'<'<1 l<ld '11 q •11:, fc1 $11'11'1'<'<1 I<I-
d'114\ 1 11:, 311 Fcn 5\il.-lll<ld'1lq•11:,
\ l!f~C:'4f £°"1·~-"l~c:~1 \-i·~-"l~c:~·~11
~q{i$11'11fi$11<ld'1lq•11~t1fi1 I UJC:'ol\1
'i'fR 31 '<ii q I 1, 3llf¥il.-lll<ld'1lq•1 cfl!:IT l'4·~-l!f~C:'4! ~"l~·~-l!f~C:~'Q~'4·~,1
~qfi$11'11{i$11<ld'1lq•1 I
UJC:"ol\1
The four gods residing in the
Formless Realm- Source of i~-~·"l~c:~1 \-i·~-"l~c:~1 l!f'4C:'
Infinite Space, Source of ~"l~·~-"l~c:~1 "i1'<J'(1:J'l;JQ,'"1~C:'4"~1 I
limitless, Source of nothingness
ild;a) E!l'(O<j:- ~ . "lf"?l'-
and Source neither discrimina-
~ . ~ , 3 1 ~ ii I
tion nor non-discrimination.
170
Set of Four
'l.l!fl'Cl '\'"loli'"l"J''l ~ "llj '"I'll] "l''ll
~ i!.1 II'~· llj ~'"I 'llj ~"I' Cl) ll] "\~·~' llj~' "I'
q[ llj~"l'Clj 'l'\ll]'~'llj~ '"I'll]~"l'<:!;{11

~ . 3lcl'1ITTufr, ~ . '<'tt-<11~ u1q1..:;~- ~1..-;1t11,qx1-
~ t11x 0 ft1 "lJUll,, Ri ct'l ltl Ix q" ll O11-l' 3R!Ttm'-
' '
'<ITT" tl Ii! fil Ill i- ~ . -,,.=5[- nq=,~1iimo~11-l, ~ ~ I
'
tJRTifi. ~ am 31Q.f1ITTUfr 1 '<'tT'( ut q I 'I - ~ q;. U!R-cITTc'!
m "If (U!R ~ ~ ) ;:;rq i$i!'il,

~ . -u-~. ~ film q;. U!R-cITTc'! "If ;:;rq i$i! 'i I,
cfm~I ~ 3TI'i:fR q;. U!R-cITTc'! "If ;:;rq
<1>,'i I am "x<T-3TI'i:fR q;. uiR-
m
cITTc'! "If ;:;rq i$ , 'i I I
~ . 3lcl'1ITTufr, ~
Four branches of recitation-
"Qci ~ t11, 0 ft I
Recitation while concentrating
Four doors (Gateways of on sound-base, recitation while
retention formula)- Retention- concentrating on mind-base,
formula of patience, retention- recitation while concentrating
formula of secret mantra, on other base and recitation
retention-formula for retaining while concentrating on self-
base.
words and retention-formula for
retaining meaning. 1
a.i"·"..,.q.... ._.Cl'<:!~ 1 ";;, ·i:ia· ;(11·i!.1·a 11·q·
OR
~i!,Jfl'<Ja"·q1 a11·q·~i!,Jfl'~"l·<J1 .:i·";;,·
Retention-formula of self,
retention-formula of text, ,r
<Ja· :€'11·a11·q·~i!.111· ._.<J 1 .:i·";;,·<ia· ;("l'
retention-formula of Dharma i!,J' a 11·CJ· ~i!,Jt1·.:i· CJ a'\'qi{11
and retention-formula of
'<'t «I I~ f1 Rl <fil 1!1 o11 f.'1-
mantra.
31-j=c<i~"i~l'i.,.;i '!j, ~ Ic'l 'fc'l l'i i f1 ':fc'1 Ic; ,
OR
'3"1"il'ii i$~1c'll-fc'll'ii ~.
Retention-formula of Dharma, "' C,
_'3_"1_"i~l'i-l-l-l~cg-~~Ic'l~l'i"i
'
lc1 y\ oIi
retention-formula of meaning, ~ g I oI'f, oi=j=c<i="i~l'inj 31 '!j, ~ Ic'l 'f<'11 'i i
retention-formula of mantra and g'i,jc<11G~i1RI I
retention-formula for gaining '<'tT'( f1 Rl <ft YITTUT- 3l jc<1 "i
patience. '!j,~ Ic'I "i$T '3 "11 G, '3 c'1 "i cg~ Ic'I
171
Set of Four
TI:1.ff 31 j.-q "i 31 <'g ~ Ic1 q,T illliJlcJ>:Olcfi:, 31151,Li~ 1'.J 3\tm-
31j.-qlc; I <"-JlcJ>:Olcfi:, Gi'llc111-Jl('<1cfi:, 1:lft-
~ "i\fu [
Four types of thorough aban-
donment- Generation of virtues
not yet generated, increasing of
TfR" Y"if>R *
YTI- ftrf! ~
~ '1<i ~ 'ITT.::! 311 cl, oI
<fi
"1
virtues
abandoning
already generated,
of non-virtues
<Jc1f1" t.
ftrf! -~ cfi ~ '1<i
~ ,'i ~ 311el,ul "1 :!<!n
already generated and non- ~. Gi'llc11'll"'1cfi TI:1.ff ~
generation of non-virtues not
~I
yet generated.
Four classes of hungry ghost-
Those who are obstructed
outwardly from eating and
~ - ,:,,. c,,. ';:i.
~"10,'<IJ g'\"<1"-'"'"1"'<11 "-::i"l'Q'Cl~"l· drinking; those who are
obstructed inwardly from eating
<I\ t'\'"l"i"'i'~Q'<l:{11 and drinking, those that are
'clfcll,: 31'~1J~:- "-111.!Rl"':;. called 'fire-flame wreathed
cll<';"-11<1:, ~ - fl'f11'11- hungry ghost' and those that
•fh' ffl f:a ~-.1 Fi, I subsist on mucus, ordure, urine
'qR 3l1fif"c{ -..r~- "-ll<lRl.-ij,.
etc.
c11c;"-!11.1. ~ Tim
fl'fl H I'fl , ffl f:a I
Four branches-like texts on 'l"-'\ a;'\·%~-c,,~"1'<11:l.·cll'\'S '\ I '"'\'<i'al1·
Valid Cognition- Nyayabindu
i:i,;·c,,~"l·i:i1:l.·cll '\·s "i I ~iii· ~Q'l"'~"l·i:ia·
(Drop of Logical Reasoning),
Vadanyaya (Science of Debate), s'\·
cll 1· '\ol' f "l ·Q·.:i '\·i:i"'·c,,~"l.i:ia·ell'\·s'\·
Sambandhaparik~a (Analysis of
Relationship) and Santanantara- \11
sidhi (Establishing Another ~q: '1'1t<l>I~:- 1.ic'id: 3fj-
Continuum).
~fi'a'l'1fficfil,/: (ilc1ell5'1'l'1,-<lil'< ).
cll·)"llA'i'~"llA'<i~ I sa: j
S10s· {ol'"l' CJ' i:i· '3'ttl c; I j~fi'a 'l'i x-<li I'<
el 15'1'1'1 f-<li 1,/: ).
(fl fw (;
31j'i:VC:'l 'if-<li 1,:
c1i\i:i1 S!Os'{ol'C>l'ilj~'~'iQ'<l'<JJ'\'<11 3)· (~ ~tp (; el I5'1 'l '1 f-<li 1,/:). 3Ffl'lWT-
~-!j~·Q·~·~0s·1r<iJ ~"i-~"i·,r,:i·Q;io,·~11 'l'1,-<li I'<: (3l'1MI ' Iel I5 '1 'l '1 f-<li I'< :)
31 !.I <l M 'l '1 f-<li I'<: 1'.J I
172
Set of Four
'<l"R 11<1>R '1'1Rl<t>I~- 11M<r Four types of wisdom- Mirror-

31jqfca 'l'1fc/Jlx, 0mc;-31jqr?a like wisdom, wisdom of
'1 '"1,-q, r•,:, 31 jW c; 'i '1 fc/J Ii! equality, wisdom of discrimina-
'1'1 R:i c/> Ii! "11T 31 !l 11 M 'i '1 {-et, Ii: I tion and wisdom of accom-
Four types of mental engage- plishing action.
ments- Painstaking mental clfr:;1.11'"1'"i"l'C.l'l:l~j ~"il ')5J91.11'<1j ~91.111
engagement, interrupted mental
engagement, uninterrupted iiJ·~1.11·c1i'r:; 1.11·~·')9·r.iii11
mental engagement and spon-
taneous mental engagement or i:l<1 ,a: q R~,i, ,i :-3TI'cITT':. 311 c'I ~ '1 '\.
effortless mental engagement. Rlrn'l,' w.--i ~ I
<lR q R~~ ,i f- 3TI'cITT', 311 c'I ~.-i.
1ai·1:1~1 'i r:;. '!:!<>l \ 9 ~r:;. '!:!l>l \ 9· '!:!"l \
Cl.~ fuffi \l:?.!T '$1'T'1 I
~"i''!:!"l''>lll Four types of total purities-
Basis, visualization, mind and
-q(""<l1~: f.'1'1111:- ~ : • wisdom .
!I I (il fcl q 11:. !,I fcl tc fcl Q11:, 3Wif.'r-
fcl «: fcl Q11 ~tj ~ I clf"i-'i"i·~grr.i·i:i~r ;9·r.i1 <1~·1:11 <1"i9
'qR f<'l '1 "l- ~ ~ . lJT"tU 9&.'<liill
firrfii. !,I Fil 'c ~ "('[:?.ff 3Wi-
f.1 Fcl 'c ~ I ~q: "'!"Pl=- A,11'\. 1~'\.
Four types of object- Apparent 3lT<'lT, ~f% ~-il ~ I
object, apprehended object, <'IN ~ <t> I~ q} "'!U'f- frrfl-l. ~.
focussed object and implied 3lT<'lT (3,IB,) TI:?.ll W& I
object. Four qualities- Permanence,
happiness, ego and purity.
iil~llfl:l~J ~·afr:;''.1/'',!'1.'0J'~l.lll il,l~il,l'~"i'
%.,'f~r:;·~·1:1%.,'ai')'l:I~ l il,l'~ r:;. "l '~91.11· { il,l' r.i·
~·iil·~1.111 .iG'"-{91.11·~-o:i~1.111 s·1:1·1<1·
<IQ,'OJ~l.ll'~ll
!·
&· <1a: <1"-' a;"i I $"l.2i1.11 ·il-l' 9"ir:;. <I'.iG'1111.11 ·
9"il.ll'<IQ.'<!%.,' a;"i l
i:l «I IR i,l I'11 f.'1- 311 c; ~lcj,<"1 $11'1 '\.
f1'1<11$11'1'i,, !l,11<18-1"1$11'1'1,' c/>,111- ~91.11 'l;l')'<1"-. ~'Q, ~l' <IQ..<!%.,' a;"i l
C
~j=l'il~l'1~$1=r,-;l'i ~ I
~91.11 ·il,l~1.11·r.ia·<1"-' a;"i·~n
'<l"R 11<1>R <f} "i,l'R- 311 c; ~lcj,<"1
"$1R, fl'l<11$11'1, !l,11<18-101$11'1 ll!lftl<1l'1f i:l«II~: f.'1&11:-
\l:?.!T c!i fl.l Ijl'd I'1 i,11 '1 I q U,s et, Ic;~ 31 j(ll Ic; fcl t,f, ~
~ tiA<-1~1Fclt:.-i:.
173
Set of Four
c/J I c/J'1 "1 ~ 1'(1 '1 fcl ~\Q' 11 '1l fct5l:,

cl> fi1 C'1 c/,~11 ~ cl>I "t1 fc1 &1 ~'<1RI I
~ar
\hi
m
* "ilN f.'l&l- '19,f1cl>
l'i "f1'<R ctr (l fq rca
ai ~
<l~~r cf 'l·<f· l ~i::i·<iii'}'<ll <'\l<J"-·<f· l
S'-'<ll~"-· ( ~,:.·<i·) "ll<J''!ji::i·<ii{ll
<ITT fct5l. ""11 -cl, m 31 :l,Y RI
!,li;l'l .j cl>x'll m ~-fctSC!, '11~ ~qq'ctt'll
'1ft
~Ill T.!«IIR
<!!T3ll m 'cl>T ~ l'i 3Rfl'fci *> q I fll 1- cITTT.!: (m ), -c;fu-ut
m"'1T m Fci ~ "I fct5l 11m m ~ (41&1'1), qfl<14 q2,Nl•I:
~ -ci, ~ ~ 'l"'f m"'1T m (c{Jfga:), '1ct1~ ~ ('Q1"ct"'j)
'Elfc'r I
'(j,"G ,a I <ITT fct5l 1
The four obstacles of monk- ~ m ~ "ilN ~1t11arr "fl
Obstacle of not arising vow in a "ilN ~1T- ~ l'i ffl (f1~c;),
hermaphrodite, obstacle of not "efa'lur l'i ~ (-aftc;,), q~tj'1 l'i
giving permission by king etc., q"U <I ' I (c'fR'I) "ilm '1 ct1 , lf ffl
obstacle of not being able to (lfR;rr) I
drive away crow and so forth, The four colours on the four
and yellow hair etc., is the sides of the Mount Mero- The
obstacle of beautiness. east is made of crystal (White),
the south is made of lapis lazuli
,:.r:i·~c;·.iij·c?fs'\·r:i~ 1 "'<E'·i::i~·ars'\ r l<Jf. (Blue), the west is made of ruby
i::i~·,,rs'\r ~<!]·<1~· 0:r-s'\r ar·s'\-~"i· (Red) and the north is made of
gold (Yellow).
£<!]1<J'Q~l<J·~rr
~<ll'S.'\'i::i~r c.1<J·i::i('\1 1<Jl\j"ir t"i·t<ll
l.l!I" Ril a 1-1 i T.! «11 R '3 q q;, •11 r.t-
" ici
"11 ~ '-
al q cjj'{ U1'1, ~~=''~-~
(l q 1I<lffi qcjj'{01'1,
~'\-~"·tn
'
319qcf>,01'1, ~a,1qcf>,•i 'Elfc'r 1
" '
T.!c<II'{: c)G[:- ?ft>clc;:, 4(14<::,
l.l!I" fGi a'r -.t
"ilN '3 q q,'{ o 1- f11'1c1c;:, 310c1i1c;~'<1RI I
"11icict
" e', iJqcf>,01. (lq4pn
' " \Jqcf>,01. "ilN c)G- ?ft'lc1c;, 4(14<:, f11'ic1c;
3Tf£:r-'3q<!,,OI "ilm ~ (lq<!,'{011 "ilm 31~1
The four Vedas- Veda of Poetry
Four articles of a monk- Article
(B.gveda), Veda of Sacrifice
for livelihood, necessary article, (Yajurveda), Veda of Apho-
supplementary article and minor risms (Samaveda) and Veda of
article. Adminstrations (Atharvaveda).
174
Set of Four
~"I· "-a".""-' IN I ~"I' '<'lfcll~: '>llcl</l•ll:oil.Q:,

.,;:..
\k~ ' " '1:,
c/> ci);,i, •W~l Ii il I.Q I'1' n' '"
Ol1.Q:.
"-S._.:io\·2v.\·<11 "'~ a· ~ "1 "-S,;·~·<11
1·4 31~'1<'1'11:oi1'1~i1fa I
~111<1·qa·~"l·"-s,;·~· <1:{11 '<l"R '1) :oi1,i '>I Icl c/> • rl cfl .Q, \lc-11 </l
' ~ ' "
~c&•11:oi1~. 'iill.Ql•Pn:oi1,i om
Fclt11El~t'l ~l<ltl 11:'l'l:- mfl'r- 31~.Qi'1 1 11:oi1,i I
oml-: ~ : fct"1,s·>1<nfi'l-
~·1, '"lC,l"-111'1~""1, ,
The four types of disciples of
'iP1', 3ml ' 1'1 111 fi'l "i[ll ~ i1 fa I four families- Disciples belong-
Fclt111\l~ ~ 'ifR "lPl'li <Wfr- ing to Hearer's family, disciples
'F1, '15111l•f1-'F1, ~- belonging to Self-Buddha's
'F1 om ~ - ' F 1 1 family, disciples belonging to
The four levels of knowledge- MahayanI family and disciples
holder- Level of yo gin, level of belonging to an indefinite
great yogin, level of opening family.
yogin and level of realized
yog1n. ~111<1·4 ·i:i~1 a·"'·~"'· 4 a·£;111<1·"1 f<1·qa·
~111'~°','<1~1 ~·r~o\1 i'·'\"'"-'1 ;:1111·:io\l £;1111!1'"1 "'ij'\'"'~"'·qa·£;"11N''.J I
~o\·~<1·£;111·"-~o\·~11 ~'\·~·£;"1<1'<1:{I[
~ q : fclt11El~:- fc1q1</lfc1cilITT:, T.I c1 'tj : ~m"'l: - </l I<f </l ix OI'.!fih-1 :

31 ll-{ cl fi'1 ~c/>fc1 ci lITT:, '15 I:ti:: Ifc1 ci 1- (iJt <'ll Ijtil I'10-.Q 111:), 3'c1"ai I'.!fih-1:,
tR:, 311'•-fi' I fc1 ci 11'1 x~ i1 fa I i3 q q fctHi 11'1 '1';!f<ln:. l'14<'11 gfih-1 ~'<'I I
'ilR Mif>I~ ~ fclt1IEl~- fc1q1</l 'ifR ~fffi 'I I </l I<l<h ix OIgfih-1
~. 3lllJ-~-~. (iJt,'1 ljtil 1'10-.Q 111 ), 3'c1"ai Igfih-1.
1-151:ti::1-fu!m om 3lT"fl1T- i3qqR'tn-111'1 'i';!fih-1 om 1'1lfai-
~I -gfih-1' I
Four types of knowledge- Four types of reasoning- That
holder- Knowledge of Matura- of· Accomplishing action,
tion, empowerment of longe- Dependent, Agreeable and
vity, Mahamudra and sponta- Dharmata.
neously arising. ~°t·~i:_·.qj·1ar£'111·i:i~ 1 i!i:_·1li:_·~·go\·q1 ii·
~11111·~·,:i~o\l 1}°','El'N'~'£;1111N'~1 ,;,:_· "'~"11N·'.Ja·!'i·"1 l'<1·~·!°'i·tJ1 a<l'N'tJa_.
~"1·~·£;111<1·~, il111·:i°t·~·£;111<1·~, <l' go\'tJ,°{11
?.lll'<la.·£;111<1·~·~11
175
Set of Four
'{MtlAJ<lfll ~<'ill'{: tl'l<ll:- 31 fl 1-J I1 11-J a:m ~ "cf>""ll <ITT

311 fi'l tt c; I'1 l-\, 31"1 <I c; 1'1 'i, El 4 c; 1'1 'i, 31fc1~011~1 I
l1-llc;1...j ~ I The four characteristics of
'{M tl Al ii ~ "'ifR tl '1 <I- 3Tlfi'rtt"- action- Action is definite by
GR, 3J'+m-GR, w\-cIT"! ~ itself, action multipling greatly,
itft-GRI non-experiencing the result of
Four-fold pledges of Ratna- action not done and action
sambhava- Material giving, which is done not going in vain.
giving of protection from fear,
giving of dharma and giving of
loving kindness. ')"l"'" "l"~ 111"<1'\" ~~"<I",')"l "'"Cl I "lIN"')"l"'"
QlafCl~a.;!'IS'i'i°IN'Cl~f "lllll ~ll]IN'<II llj~ll]"J ""'~"'""'"~111"<1'\' ~~"<i"'i"l"'"ll]~llj·1 ·
~C1·.i1 2.1N·"'~~·~11 "'~'\"Cl I "l lN'al 'llj~llj'%t;·El·ll].;,'lj'"l "~111·
•II • f tl <'<1~i1 I
"'!Tlf"tl"fll" <!ft "'ifR 14 ~) 61 d 11.{- ~ q <l>lfcl)_ ro Icl> 4 (:.11 ijj,~ Ic'l
llT'i, fclw. ~ RI q f&-1 a:m "cf>""ll:) cl)_ "' Ifc1 q Icl> l-\. ~ifc'l cl> 4:
.'\<1lfo1c1> I (ijj, ~I c'lc/>4:) ~cfc'l fc14 lcl>l-\,
Four features of the noble truth cl>~ ro I~rcfc'i
~
"cf>""ll ~ cl>~ ro I ~Tifc'l
::,:!:,
fc1 q I cl> 1-J'
of path- Path, awareness, 3l cl)_"' 11- ~ifc'l cl> 4
achievement and definite renun- f.'I fci cl> I, a-J 1f- <fiIDT
QIIN'i'lll~'~'i'Cl~f "l'N"~·~•.:2_~·.i1 (31 ijj, ~ Ic'l ) "cf>""ll ~ '3 ill "1 <fiIDT
(31 ijj, ~ Ic'l ) 'ITT'!, ~ (ijj, ~ Ic'l) "cf>""ll
"l'N"C\ol"l'i 'Cl I "'~·111·s~·.i·'i,;·El·~'i·.i1 ~ '3 "1 "1 ~ (ijj,~ Ic'l) 'ITT'!,
"l ~·sIN'<I'~ ')'al' il' Cl;rll <fiIDT 1;"ci ~ "c/,""ll ~ '3 ill "1
<fiID1 "\/cf ~ 'ITT'! am
<l>lfur: ~ «1 1R c'll:1 o II f.'l- i;rfcr- 3l cl)_"' I 31 ~ifc'l "cf>""ll ~ '3 ill "1
f.'l <1 ac1> 4. ~ . 31il)_cicf>401 f.'I fci cl> " 1;"ci llTll" 'ITT'! I
31fl'll'l'l:, il)_cic/>401: 31fc1~011~1~i1 I Four types of action- Bad action
<l>1f ~ "'ifR c'llffUT- ~ RI f.'l <1 a giving undesirable result, good
"il>ll, ell Iq cl> ~ ~ ~ ITT actions giving desirable results,
c[@l "il>ll, 3Jclr1 "c/,""ll <ITT mixed actions giving mixed
results and neither good nor bad
176
Set of Four
actions getting destroyed

without giving results.
qtf~ il(ill,: ?h.d<l:- <11lt, ~:,

"&!'</>;'~· ~ ·~C,'l:l'!l'\''Jj ti:i"' l!J''!;l '\~l!J·~. "ffi"c\, cl fl'fH';. ~"'' 1:1 '!I 'I. 'J;{!l
"ffi"c\ "<i"m cl ,i 'f1 I
<kill~ clll<1>,011f.l- ~i'/ji~lcllli'/,- The four seasons in a year-
'°'"'1, fct'ii \Ti:i ell Ii'/j { 0I'\, 4 R ~ ilJ l- Summer (rainy), winter, autumn
cll Ii'/, { 01 '\, ,~14'11<1cllli'/,,!Oj 'E!fi'r I and spring.
"iJR Sl<l>I, ~ clll, 01 ('1ti,)-
afllJ''f""l'</'l:l~J ~l '\::jl!J'';!l ~'\''I!
~i'/,l~I c/,T cllli'/,i!OI, ~
<:'llct>~"I. qR~iUlcllli'/,i!OI ~ ti:i'\. </3; '\(l!J'?.i'· <>.1. ~r.: ,:i·"-~ l:ll!J' <1:{l l
,~ Iq'ii l.l ell Ii'/,i! oI (.fi";,) I
~ m ~ & : - -g"fl'r f>wrr-
Four methods of dealing with
~:. ~ PiOUllc;_~:, i'/jji!cji
questions- Direct answer,
analytical answer, questioning (i'/,-ctR) fiioui1c;_~:. ~
in return and silence (answer in fi1oui 1'i_~~ilR, I
silent manner). "iJR Sl<l>lx cl>') ~&mi&- ~

cfi qft, fiioui 1'i_~. 1:f>c1' cfi qft,
~l!J'!'"l~'\'<l"l:l~J l:]"l:]'~&ll!Jj "1\'\' PiOUll'i_~. i'/,li!i'/, ("imff) cfi qft,
~&ll!Jj ~Qf~&(l!J'l:lj Qf ~"Jl!J'&(~"1'"-~'\ l PiOUl I'i_ ~ "<'1"2IT "'IT<! cfi 31 f«1 clll~ ildtl: l.J~:- 3lfiwn. about result, about agent and
clll41c';:, ~T1c1~<i4i!l'1~1:, 'i_~4i!I-
about the existence of pheno-
IJ~i~ilR, I mena.
~ I;ft' cl>') "ilR "l'l'@- 3lfi'lun.
i:lll41C:, 'tflc1~<14i!l'1~1 "<i"m ~ - ari:ii·i:ii<il &('""1'</'1:1~ l 1:1 SJ'\.ir.i'I.</ l UJ'\.
4i!l'1~11
"i"J'al<','<lj ~l!J'al<','<lj "1'\l!J'al'\''l;{l]
The four knots (bonds of a
body)- Covetous mind, harmful ~I':[: <l>l 'lfql!..Q lil ":- 3li'/,c1?!:,
intention, holding improper 31 'i <l;' I'\, 31 i'/, I c1 :, J'R.QlR 'Elfi'r I
morality and holding asceticism "iJR 1l"<l>R ~ <Ii I'1 fql!..Q Iii"-
to be superior. 31 i'/, <1 ?! cfi "i!WT, 3l"f1T cfi '11:l:!,
177
Set of Four
Ti crm
3lc/>l<'I JR~ (3ljRla " C"<i ci • 1c1 4 i:i w~ c1 ct -1
c!iT 0 rl-1 c1
,~) Ti ~ i$,F11 I crm «I' 1lc1 a, 01 c!iT '3rl-l c1 1
Four types of sexual mis- The four great occasions
conduct: Sexual relation with (festivals) related to Buddha's
improper woman (unmarried life- The occasion when Lord
woman), at an improper part of Buddha performed miracles, the
the body, at a time that is day when he attained full
improper and at an improper enlightenment, the day when he
place. turned the Wheel of dharma and
the day when he descended
~"--s°i·i::r~1 "'"'·"~°i·~,_.~°il '11~"'·~:s.· from Heaven.
~°ii "l~'~:S,'~°il "1.:,llll'!f~:S.'~°'i~' Ill<;111·!lll'~'"l!('\'rJ'<J~1 ~. <Jd..~I('\. '1 \
<J~o.'11 t 111·rJa '"ll('\'rJ I '\""·~·"ll('\'rJ I :\"1·2i<:\·
~(1t1: q1,~ai:- ~1c1q1,fl:la1. ~l('\'rJo.'11
u-.e.i c/> q 1x fl:I a 1. 'l I' fq 1x fl:I a 1. 1:jj""<'i-
q I's fl:I a I ilf<'r I il('<l I R '!1,.tl <f> I R·,II fil I- W""cf-
'<IN q1,~a1ir- ~lclYl'<fi:IAI. c!> IR-o1 J.J, '3<';1'<c!>IR-o1J.J, 1-11,ftii
' '
u-.e.ic!>Y!'<fl=la1. 'll'fq1xfl:la1 crm i$ IR-o1 'l , ~~ i:: i$ IR .,j ilf<'r I
'
lfi<'lq1xfl:la1 I ~ ~ '<IN ~~- W""1 ~ -
Four Paramitas (Perfections)- i3ciR ~ - 1-11•ftii ~ (~
Natural (Real) Paramita, ~ ) crm xti::- ~ 1
Paramita in scriptural form, Fourfold spiritual activities of
Paramita of Path and Resultant Buddha- Activity of peace,
Paramita. activity of increase, activity of
power and activity of wrath.
111,::111·!~1"~'~"1"i,°i·i::r~ 1 t· Q,~ "I'i, °i. 2i7:\.
~111· i.°i I Ol(3i·rJ:s.· S"'' ~"·<Ja·~111· i. °i I il"l111""!'\·~·i·i::r~ I il~111·~ -~'\·~·<4°i·cl.f°i'
t 111·~·<>.f:s.·af·" ~"'·"a.·~111· i.°i I ~·"1111· Olt "'"I ~ '"~°i-~9 111 ''-l'"l''\'\''-ll
<J<Jlll'rJd.'~Ill' i.3i·~11 il Ollll'~°'i·~ i 9· <l '1<'."I' "l"ij'i:; '<l\ '\9 '<Jd.'
~~1~: ~.Wctlcll:- J.Ji31~1R1- ~ Ill' '11 ~ °'i'~ 111'<:J ~"l'<Jo.'11
i31lllficl, ~ : . t1ili:ii1>-
~clct'1lct,<1:, «P1\c1a,o~ct1cl~t1ffi I i:I f<IJ ,: RI ctih·<J I c: is! d'<f:- afai rn 1-
~~ ~ ufl c1 -1 ~ fi tt1 1'%1 a '<IN j~ ifl I c; ~\'111,. ~ ~- ~ -
cfi ~c;~\'1
i:lctl<I- ~1ffig1l\ c!iT '.;:i!.s/c;~\.-J'f, c/>~101fl:l--101 'sii:llC:'1°
i:lrl-lcl, ~ cFi mfq c!iT ilf<'r I
178
Set of Four
f<rrn "*fum "<tt c; j~"*i

'3 c'l I "'i'.IR ~-
fl I ("1T"1) it
<ii"'11 '\-ii
Bx'! 31 if<l"'1'CJ'~~- UJC.''\i:ri·'"".
3F'Pld iR!, \'fW1Tc'f "$ llfcr JJ.f<ITT
iR!, "fl"ITT "$ <J;:i!sf it 31 cl' Id ~llj''J~ll
iR! \'fl!:IT i!i C"ll IOIfi:I ?I "<tt "ITT"UJT I 'ii a ,a : y~f<IG:- t14 Qfi'1 fifcl f\,
Four causes of the enlightened 3f ci Qfi'1 fi R1 a, f.'I ,-, R1-a Qfi'1 fi Fc1 c1 ,
' '
mind (four causes of ~'ill
cultivating the mind)- Seeing "'i'.IR y~fui:- ti ,j Q fi'1 fi R1 c;:,
the benefit of such mind, having 3fciQ fi'1 fifcl c;:, f.'I ,-,fcl-a Qfi'l ,iFcl <i.
faith in the Tathagata, seeing
\'fl!:IT~I
the suffering of sentient beings
Four specific perfect under-
and being urged on by spiritual
standings (knowledges)-
friends Specific perfect understanding
i12S110l'"l!'\'"l~ j aj'•·P'-1"'1' j 'j'CJQ,'i.laJl!l' of Dharma, specific perfect
understanding of meaning,
<la'\ i ~i:ri-Ql!li<J''\i:ri·1s/l.-~aJ"'1'<la'\ i specific perfect understanding
~51 ·1s,;-~-i·1sll.·i.1 51 "'1·<ia '\ I ;J<i·1s· ~c."'1· of definite words and specific
perfect understanding of
1sa·i.1 i<Jl!l'<la'\'~11
confidence.
~El: Rlctnc<JI<;:- ~ -
'ii ll \ Ri cffl c'a Ic; :, 3[1'.111 ~ Ill !cl c'rl'l - ~'\'<i·<i~J a·~'\I "'i·~'\I <l"- ~'\1 f-i·
m:, fi1q1i!>RICT1ic<a1c;:, Q$1011c1- §"-'~'\''-~ll
,a1 lclc'rlic<a Ic;~ilfi'I I
"'i'.IR Y<l>R "* RJ ctt) c'l Ic;- 3TIEl'- 'ii <"<11{: "'l<lT:- '3 q q r?ii'l'fcl: -<!''2>'",
3RRf+lcf:, 'lft1'[41-1ci~ilfi'I I
~:
'.!fi1-a 'illllRI CTfl (q Ic;, 3[UI I~Ill-

RI c'rli (q Ic; ' Fc1 q I"' RI c'rli (q Ic; ('fl!:fT "'i'.IR J.l cf> I~ "* "'lq- 13 q q f6:i 'l'fcl,
~ I'>, '
Q51°11ci, 0 1iiirnic<alc; I ~ - 3RRf+lcf (;"W ~I
Four types of mind-generation- Four existences- Existence of
Mind-generation preoccupied birth, existence of death,
with faith, mind-generation existence of intermediate state
preoccupied with resolute and the prior existence.
intention, mind-generation of
complete maturation and mind-
generation free from obscura- <l'\'<l~-i''\~"'11
c,,. -
9"1-i'"':i"-'"'"' <lj'<I'\'.., "'1'
,:,,. - ,:,,.,';,
tion. "-<ll '\~'<JQ_-~ l!l'<lj ~ -i'"l''\'\'';.!"'1'<1~"'1-
~11
179
Set of Four
i:l c<II,: 3J'lffl%!,1, fll-JCi:ll'ltl:, 31'l,ti:f,.:, ~ :

31 &I fa ~ cfi clhl l-1, '11 4 ~ ~ \""'-1 <f , fl'1Ci:ll 1 1tl~i.l I
'
cfi ('"111 oI fi'l oi-3-1 <& I.-; , ~ -<1 fa I ~ ~ 'i'ITT" fcl 'fi 61 cl 11[ '3 q Ill c/,
~ I till q} 'i'ITT" Ef'f- 3J'lffl %!,1, at, -i'f ~ '1 "ITT"ll, "<ls-'3 q Ill
31 &I fa~ cfi cfr:t. '114 ~ ~ 1""'-1 ~, it ·H A.I "'! "ITT"ll, 'l,tif>, '1 "ITT'TI
cfi ('"111 uIli'l oi cfi ~ %!,I zci ~ ~ li Pe: ,Jj it fl A.I"'! "ITT'TI
~I i1
The four qualities of a disciple- Four special qualities of secret
Unflagging faith, irreversible mantra- Not being unknown to
effort, wisdom acquired depen- the methods of approach, has
ding upon others kindness and manifold methods, being less
having devotion to and respect difficulties (easy to adopt its
for in spiritual friend. method) and suitable for
persons of sharp intellect to
ifcr"llll'<I~! ~"-''1"<5'111';!'1! '?_l!-l'~'\·'5·
carry out the practice.
SJ';!<\I \"i·oJ((~-'111!-l\ i_ l!,l'llJ'oJ(<1\i:ril!-l·
<1-lllll'"flj'i'!'{ IIIGfQ,~"!'<I~ l <I l!-loJ'lljlj 'I'
<li51!-l'ij'll
')Z::'<:ir.l: {oJl!-l'~Ill Ql!,loJ''ljlj<\'lll;l!-l''JO,
"1(""<11~: ~1Hl-Jl 11f:- l-JT~: ' i oJl!-l'"';.Ill I~
'+ll•All. ; , , ~ ~ ~to1fi:r- U!Hfll-JIYR'fi:. fGcfllll lxll'ifll-Jl-
"fll,"ll I "Yfta-:, ~ l,Ql'1fll-JIYR'f1:, i.lgl1ff
The four paths of a trainee- Aid Ull'1fll-JIYR'f1~-<1fa I
to liberation, aid to definite 'ifR UJR-'ttl-Jl4Ralll- >I~
separation, realization of the Ull'1fll-JIYfc'a, fi}i:flll lxll'1fll-Jl-
meaning and the subsequent
path.
"Yfta-. wftll U!Hfll-JJqfffi c1~
i.lg~ lxl 1'1 fl l-J Iq R'a I
"fl!-l'- ''!"l-11·z~"i.i'-11·<1~ l ~c:i l!,l·~·'5·llJ· oJ' Four meditative absorptions-
iiz:: l!,l''JO, ·1;1'\·'J"-1 ~<Il!,l'oJZ::' c:io.·gi,'\''J"-1 Absorption of first meditative
stablization, absorption of
'\'ll"-' c:i· oil'\·<10. ·1;1 '\·'J"-1 '\c:i,;·,F(c:io.·1;1'\· second meditative stablization,
'J"-'<1i51!-l'ij'1 I absorption of third meditative
stablization and absorption of
o....,.~ i:lci:lrR cl~roe.mf.r:-
, fourth meditative stablization.
<a q IllITT ~:. =.r=i%_4~1"*t1:
180
Set of Four
qoi"'91io!i'll' l qoia.i·9ryo!i'"i"-. I J:Joia.i· ~ ~:"i!.\l'-3fW'T clC:'11 ~ "¥n

ll]'i•\llj ~ Ol'c.Jj QO!a.J'll]'io!i'll] ~a.i·c.i1 RIRI
Four states of meditative
QO!a.J'll]'i<li'"~· c.ii{11 stabilization- First state of
C'lt;'o!i l meditative stabilization, second
r 'lj' c.i· "i"-' Qi'SOl'~c_. "i~"i•c.J'"i"-. <I i'SOI. CJ'"iQ°i,
state of meditative stabili-
zation, third state of meditative
c.i· ~ oi· ! oi· c.ii.\· "i111"'·Q' "i c_·<I~ '<I' "°i·<IOla.J' stabilization and fourth state of
meditative stabilization.
ll1'i<li'"i"-·cf;{1 l<1i "-."-<i'j'"ill1"'.<1· "i"-. <1\". OR
"°i'~·9 ~ oi· c.ii{1 I<llj "-. { a.JOI' "i"-' ~o!i·c.i· "i"-' First state meditative stabiliza-
tion characterized by joy and
~ Ol'<l~o!i·~·<I~ 'Cj'~·111~a.i·c.ii{1 l<I~ ·a)<li· pleasure which arises from the
i llj'al<li. ~.i'"s. <I' <llj "'. f ,3J oi·"i"'·1 ~<li·c.i· absence of conceptual investi-
ar"' oi· ~· "i 9. c.i· <I Ol1'J'9'i o!i. <I~. c.i;{n gation and analysis, second state
of meditative stabilization
iff<IIR Ull'11f.'t q ~,, characterized by great inner joy
[s<1ll1Sl.11'1't, <!<1"1llSl.11'1't, ~cl- and bliss, third state of
SQR ~ I meditative stabilization charac-
'
qf terized by the pleasure of
~ fcl c1 ell ~ fcl i1 I~ fcl cl cfi "1 J.ftfu- equanimity, recollecttion and
introspection and fourth state of
1i!.\l r1 fa ~ . 3[tl1Tc',-
meditative stabilization charac-
!.I 11'1 c: '11 dll fa 1 {\I r1 fa tfl ll 't, rs terized by equanimous feeling,
~e-! Ifli fa 'Ii !.I \ii "l9'"~ l !:i-i'"' I t,,:
<IN '\l'<l>N .j; Ul'R- "IJQ;fl'I &IR,
Fil tfl 1.1 &IR, ~ &IR ~
<l'<i'i"-. f a.ioi 1 <llj c_· f a<Joi·afc_oi· ~"ill1'"' I
'i'f\!cl RIR I ~a.JOI' t9%9·c.ii{11
'«j~Ull'1t-ll ~~ &~-
fclclcfi ~ '3<'1"'1 ~lfatl,i!.\l'.{ffi
~:, ~ qR~iliw
Ufl'1 'Gi1 ~ fcl c1 c!i ~ ~ fcl i1 I~ ~
~cfil!l~cfi ~ I
']cffi" i. ~ >f'llG ~
<IN '«.!~ Ull'11 11- ~ . clc;11
~1Rl1i!.\I ~ "¥n &IR, ~e-!1-
c!ft ~w. qR~<i,-~ "f!Qff
qn'f-'li !.I "1 "ll W'T ~ "¥n &IR ~cfi I!l furn I
181
Set of Four
Four features of the fourth

concentration- Mindfulness, f;\"-'~c;·1
neutral feeling, thoroughly pure
equanimity and single-pointed ll]~"- ~o\~11
mind. 31 ilj,~ I O II i:I (-q I R
z:ii\a:;i<1•1r~·5·z:ia.·'\t1SJ·~q~l ga:;·r.i·"IISl' ~- "11Hcl'ilc'1"I, 1P"m:,
~'it1ci~i1fct I
§c;·z:io.·z:i~\o\i!JISl'S·z:io.·'\(ISl·Zi'1 ~°'· ~ qi '<ITT" ~ - ~-
~ ,:,,,.
1
~&1•r"' ISl'§c;· z:ir.,: 'llSl..,,..\ a:;i!J ISl ·5·"",:,,,. ·'\-c; ISl ·,.,Y.I "11:i -,i 'l 1'41. TJl'lffi om ~ Ii c1 ci 1
z:i i.q·r.i·"' ISl'§c;·q/3:"~\a:; i!JISl's· "a·'\rISl · Four cities of the demi-gods-
Prabhavaff (With Light),
?:i1 ~ISl'"IISl"§c;·qo.·z:i~'\'o\i!JISl'S·qo.·'\(ISl. Nak~atramalT (Star-garland),
2j';{ll Gambhira (Profound) and
Haimavata (Golden).
i:I (-i'
<!'1, ''l IcF1 I'l ti go ll fil, ll Iq {ij i!Jitlf
go ll fil, ll Icl {ij "4fu I ==rrr~ ~ ,~ ~
i:I d 'Ill G clj':- c1l il rf1, 'i I'i cl>1,
1:!;U"lJ-~"i:l"ll <ti ~ PIEi fRt1
q101,,1, ~ "4frr I
'<ITT" l'x <!ft cf<fi- 61'1 il ..\1,
1F1 "cjjj ~ <'l>,'11. cF m ~
3fRfffi "1 '!U"lJ" cliT ~ c/?, '11,

'il'icl>I, YI"-§." om ~ I
'+flq.-Jl cF "1 1F1 "cjjj
3fR[ffi
Four types of goddess- LocanI,
MamakI, Padura and Tara.
~ <'1>,.-J1 om ~ cF GR "1
'!U"lJ" cliT ~ <'I>, '11 I '\!j'<l~f a,'t;JSl' -11 13"'~9 '\'lt;'§ll1 ~-
Four ways of accumulating "-")('"iit11
merits- Merits accumulated '
through the practice of giving, -cl(-<11~: cfqf:- m. ~:. lii3~c1,:,
merits accumulated through the ~,5!"1.-J~i1fct I
practice of morality, merits '<ITT" ~<1t11- m. ~ 118~c1,
accumulated through the Tim ~~"1'1 I
practice of concentration, merits Four gods- Brahma, Vi~i:iu,
accumulated through giving Mahesvara and Nairaiijana.
substances.
182
Set of Five
"'. CJ I l:l.)~ "1 f il i!-1 "I' l.J I 1fltj <l>T'1- ~ . 'cllJ<l>l/1,
~ 9'l.J I ell'\ 'Ql·s '\·l.Ja:-11

~. ~ "<'fioTT
f.'1 °I I/1 I
~1Pll: lf3{'i'IUT ('tl .fc:1 •11: )- Five bodies (five bodies of
~ (fmt), ~. '<1,1'1 I, "fl=m:. Buddha)- Natural Truth Body,
'1'1fcl>l,~il I Truth Body, Wisdom Truth
1IT'tl 'fl<f1lll (fflc:1'1T)-
tj C:'i I, Body, Complete Enjoyment
Body and Emanation Body.
"fCm 'c1l!TI' '1 'i f4> I, I
"fi"w. '<1 c1 'i I,
The five ever-functioning !CJilc:·~·~1 9~"l·c.'"-'Clry~'l.JI "'~9"1'~ 1
mental factors- Feeling, discri-
mination, intention, contact and ~\ij<lf ~9'-l'al'\I l'lil"I'~ ' .l:~11
mental engagement
{f5[tj
'\ qlO,l;ql:- ~ : 1'Jl'1-i.1'i: '
"jl'-'ll"'v,,
Cl'll'l.'q'\'~l '\~'i!-lf '4"s'~~l i!-1('\f .$''\' ~ , 'icg61:, flio~ci~-t1fa I

1IT'tl q Io,i;q ~. 11"'~11-,""~~'i.
i!l\ l:l,:'.l"l'CJ'~·:i:~11 ~ . 'icg61 "<'fioTT f1!5~il I
lf3{'<1 '1 t: I <I ii 'i IJ ';\l;fT:- ==·
"l""'l"l~'·,
The five Pil]davas (five Pa,:idava
~ ii11q I, flia I, 3lfi'!w\ , brothers)- Yudhi~thira, Bhima-
Fcl1<1~-t1fa I sena, Arjuna, Nakula and
1fltj 'lt:l<lil-1 1J~- ~ . Sahadeva.
~,il1q1,flic11, 3lfi'!w\. ~'11"1 "<'fioTT fi!-l•t.r~l ~c: I alf "II i9"1f t;{ll
fcram I
The five major scriptural texts- {f5[tj
'\ EJT<'1q:- =: 3W'1':
(_"'II I /
ufu: r
•~"]
Middle Way (Madhyamaka), <'l'rl,:. i31c'i itfi, I

Perfection of wisdom (Prajfia- 1IT'tl El I 'i!,'l·- cJaT, JTIT1', ~. ~
panmita), Metaphysics/Treasury '<'1m \ilc'! I
of Knowledge (Abhidharma), The five elements- Wood, fire,
Valid Cognition (Pramai;ia) and earth, iron and water.
Monastic discipline (Vinaya).
i!-lf<l.'l:l.9l'~'~l {li!-lfl"-'"-ffi°I ~~·i~·
,·~, t·?i'-~1·~1 i'"l'~l ul'~'-1-i'"l'~l
i!-lfl:l.'Q.gJf l.Jlfi!-lfQ.'Q.gJf "l"l'~'i!-lfl"-'
afc:"1·~1 ~"l·i~11
l:l.gJf "IC:"I' ~"l'i!-lfll:l.'Q,¥11
lf.5{'<1 <1>1<11:- ~ : . 1cp=\<1>1<1:,
lf3{'<! ,i;l<f>I:- q,,iJ;slcf,:, '<M-Slc/l'.,
~ : . ~ : . f.'111\01
q ~ ;,; I:, IJ;,; I: , iiJ,<ii ;,; I ~ '<1 fa I
 1'1 ~'<1 fa I
183
Set of Five
llT<'[ -;gfip- q 'Jl '5 I er,, ~ 1""1-S I er,, Aggregate, elements, sources of
q 'U ;,; 1et> • et> 4;,; 1et> om '.l,<!'< ;,; 1et> 1 perception, dependent origina-
The five families of 9aka- Vajra- tion and the sources and non-
1:;>iika, Ratna-1:;>aka, Padma- sources.
1:;>aka, Karma-1:;>aka and
&1f~·r.ia·~5r,.r~·1 oJc:.· ~-Ji'l!-l·r.i·~c:.-~"i-"l
Buddha-1:;>iika.
\"i'<>J'oJfll!-1''<1 ul·~·<>J·oJfl"'l' J'oJfll!-1." I {"i. ~c:..a.oJr.!'""":
i.°511'1"-'"-sf'i!.J I ~"i· i"i'"fl"-'"-sf·"I "si.
~<ifc:. l!-1· ,,."l."fl l!-l'"i{II
"fl"'."-sf·" I ''l.lll\l!-1."fl"'."-sf·"i{II
lf3lil -sl n),-'!J :- '.l,<!'<-s I Fcl,.-11, CN!-
qilfcll'.l: q~;ga:- ofs:1<1':, :,:r~-
'!1.~1c1:, ~'isl'lcg~1a:, A'(l@-
;g I Fcl, ,.n , , c'-1 ;,; I Fcl, •11, q 'U ;,; I Fcl, 'il ,
cg~1a:, ~ cg~lc'l~il I
fcl ~cl;,; IFcl, 'inl ~ I
lllil ;,; If<), f.'lll i '.l,<!'<-sl Fcl,-11, CN!-
lllil Y<li"N et
q~;ga ofs:1<1°,
3'[~- '!1,~lc1, ~{51'1-cg~lc'I,
;g I Fcl, .fl , , c'-1 ;,; I Fcl, .--fl, q'U ;,; I Fcl, 'il
A'()@- cg~I a om ~ Jf'<1" \;cl'
\;cl' fc1 ~cl;,; IFcl, 'il I
3fY'I" 3'f'<f c/'; W1>ITll it cg ~ Ic'I I
Five .Qakinis (enlightened
The five types of masters-
Female practitioners of Vajra-
Extensive study, master of
yana)- Buddha i;,akinI, Vajra
meaning, master of writing,
i;,akinI, Ratna i;,akinI, Padma
master of words and master of
i;,iikinI and Visva i;,iikinI.
driving interpretating of the
Slfll!-l·r.ia·IIJ"il!-1'~1 '!Jc:.·2f1 fl"l!-11 a·"i ~ I first, last and end.
~ "i·"-S"l 1 II\"i l!-1. ~c:.' 11\"i~r.:i "i·,,."l."fl l!-1. ~··.:~t_'<lilZ:.'ql ~"i'~l!-1-~~"ll ~-~"ll
i,i{II JiC:.l!-1''<1 alc:.·i"il ci~c:.·~"i'~II
-q3[T.J
, <f>l ~ I <"I~ I '11 f.'!- ~ - lf3lil q I R •1<·: I: (lf3lil ~ I l>ll I:)-
<bi~l<"'-l'\, tlljclil~l<"'-l'i, 311ll<1'1- 3'[ I$11<1 ct>l fil;g.--11:,
31 ~cl ~a. <rrf"l:,
'
if,i ~ I <"'-l '\, ~ cfl <'<1 fl '.j,i;l1 I c; ct>l ~ I <"'-l '\, •H; 1'11 •-J:, l1 fa et> ~ii I
'~~I q3JT.J q I R111 .-:- :,:r 1$11 a cbl fil;,; .--11,
'
qfT.J q1~;gf<l-~- ~ . 'tTTj. 31 ~cl ~a, <rrf"l. '1 g 1-11'1 0211
~ '
311ll<1'1, ll<1J,i.j,i~<'-llc, ~ ~I
,m"l-3Rm"l .'i cg~lc'I iRT I Five good disciples- Ajfiayat-
The five fields of mastery- Being kaiic;Iinya, Asvajit, Ba.spa,
a master of the meanings of Mahana.ma and Bhadrika.
184
Set of Five
·~1 "-'"11 OR
Wheel of crown, Wheel of
~C:.'11]"-' forehead, Wheel of throat,
Wheel of heart and Wheel of.
~.'l"-' ~"l·cia:"f"·af1
11]1!-lC:.'ll]~l!-l'~'l:J~'!C:,'~'"f"'~ff 111i:.·11•1r~1 ~~·~91!,l·~c:.·1 ~"·i{c:.·r ~"·
a)·i{c:.·1 ~'lJ·CJ1arci1 "-C:.'l!-lC:.l!-l'~l!-l'~·
a.ii:.·~·
9!9''\"-'~'"f"-'"ll ~:!"J''lcl.'"f"-'"ll ~i{II
"4"5l, 'tl filEI:
a1fu~·cicl.'"f"-'"ll ~c:.·91l.·"f"-'"ll l
CJcl.'"f"-'~11
1!'\1@"-
Q3{'i'I '<Bl>l~I- ;aroj)q '1Elt!~-
'i'J"ili1'!, q?U3 '+fjl I'tl iP '\. ~
m~. fl4tc;1•114'1. 31.-J1•1141.
~ nm ~<'l)q,~ 1
lc1 4'tl iP '1,
'
'1l'+ft f.'1 sil OI'tl ii> '1,' Five types of persons (five
~ t!~ 4 I<'l'tl~ ilfi'r I persons on the Hinayana
<IT paths)- Stream Winner, Once
;a wj) ~'tliP'1,, <'I <'I Ic'tliP'1,' <!>Uo- Returnee, Never Returnee, Foe-
'tl i/>'1, t<fr.l 'tl ii> '1, ~ itfi'r I Destroyer and Solitary Realizer.
' '
lfi'i'I lJN <6 'i'jj!>- '1 ffi cjj 1'f
'1 15 1',j~ 'tl cl>. <!>Uo 1'f "f1 ' I'tl ii>. 111l°~I ~~·'l.~~·~·~1 <>11!-l·~·~1 ~·qcl,·~1
~ 1'f El 4't1 ii>, '1Tflt # f.'1 si \oI ic:.·qcl,·~ I 9~~·ci·§c:.·qcl,·~i{II
'i'liP ~ ~ 1'f w:sr- lJ"5l 'tl f4 €.I I t.1 u C 1- Xi >Hi '.I 6 ~"<
qf('j-"'tl"il> I '
tflTcT, cilT<IT2Pl 311 !l_<l I'1111 E1 oc'. I,
m
'3 ru\)~'tlil>, c1 <11 C: .Jw, c/> "d'tlil>,
cli «1 RI (1, '2c1cli IJl '{i.~ '{i. '.16 ~"<
tflTcT, Piffi<IT: tflTcT, 3!]t[@-
t<t;tl 'tl ii> 1;ci ~ I
cjj I<'1 «1 tflTcT itfi'r I
Five types of Wheel - Wheel of "4T'i'I lJN <6T "l u t1 ~ "c/>T
bliss at the crown, Wheel of ~c/>Gia m cB1' t1"t1. ffl ~
enjoyment at the throat, Wheel 311 il.<l 1.-J mcB1' "E11'tl. Fc1, <f1 cB1'
of Dharma at the heart, Wheel 1!c1 cfi "fl"ll<l ~ "c/>T qc/> 81 a
of emanation at the navel and m cB1' "E11'tt. Piancrr m
cB1'
Wheel of sustaining bliss at the "E11'tl nm 3!]t[@ "ifiT<'1 cB1' "E11'tl 1
secret place. Five types of wooden gongs-
Gong for calling monks for
185
Set of Five
congregation, gong for calling "fllT'T, ';! ~ I q I c;

monks for work, gong for cf> I"I f>1 :?..!.I I'<1 " "cf>T
calling monks on the demise of 1-1 €.I q I'i "cf>T <'llT'T I
a fellow monk, gong for the Five precepts of an Upiisaka
purpose of begging alms and (One day-vow holder)- Abstai-
gong for the matter of ning from killing, abstaining
emergency. from taking what is not given,
abstaining from telling lie,
9i:;;1,11h11·&1~~-~l 9~9l!>J'~'"-\1·a;91!,J1
abstaining from engaging in
9~91!>J'il\~·"-\1·a;9l!,Jf ~1·<11 c:fil'lJI sexual misconduct and abstain-
ing from taking alchohol.
o.1·~9·<1:{11
'i9""'~"\·'4ai· io\·•r ~l -9".o\'9"\ l!,J. <1·1c:.. I
l:f5["q
'
"'E<t·,i 1•n <11 :- "'q, 1•1:_ ~ci·o\'9"\l!>J''-11 9c:.l!>J·~,;·9"\l!>J"'JI "'~9·
31-1f>~QJ~xl~'I: (31 f> q, I' I:) , 3il .i; ,ll 'j,
'1T"f:, 3l fc1 €.11 itfc'r I ~ o\'"-11!,J''J',' ij'CI I Cllj 9 l!>J''J','ij'C11f11
tfrq ~1-11 • ll- n "f>1'1 ~
311*1Rh-1, ~ ~ 311,if<h-1. lµ{Tl" 'li,ltiiRl<l><!l~'i:- '),4:i1M:,
3il 4 ,ll, '1T"f cf\111 3l fc1 €.11 I 3l4x:l1M:, ~"lclci:, Mlcf>lrni!cllc;l,
Five higher bonds of desire still \I $1 f~-M Ic!1 itfc'r I
exist in the upper realms- llTTl" '161 tl iRI cf> <II c;"I- '),4:l1 M,
Desire of the Form Realm, ,:;.
314,~lM, §"lclci,
~ ,, "'
Mlcf>lrni!cllc;l
desire of the Farmless Realm, (f:211 \I $1 fin cl I c;l I
excitement, pride and igno- Five Mahiisiitighika Schools-
rance. Purvasaila, Aparasaila, Haima-
vata, Lokottaravadin and
1iiJ·i:i~~·t·11J;~·~111~r~l 9.:f11 ~I ~"\· Praj fiapati vadin.
ijl af9·9"'1o.11 i!,C:.'l:J-ol!>J'91io\'~'tjC:.'
~ ~
190l''J'~"'II io\'"13Jf S3J!!>J'CJ/.l.·io\l i9·3.J~"--3JI

'3 q I tl 'Rl tf3{Tl" -<-i q ~I: (lµ{Tl"
ci~. io\ I j\"-~9· io\'"l&1·ci-ol!>J· .:f11
31111 Ra<1>~ncl 1:)- 1,11°11R1 q1a-
Fc1,R1:. 3lc;rn1c:1.-ifc1,R1:, 'iq1c11c:- 1T c:1.'I tl S-1.,1 c; Ill 'Rl lµ{Tl" Yfilr-
Fc1,R1:, cf>11-1f>1:?..!.!1'<11,Fc1,R1:, .:iu- EI I'i If.'1- ~,, ffl-
41'1Fc1,R1~ilR1 I
'3 q Itl cf> cfi llTTl" ~ - muft ~
~-~-~-
~~ •'
l,""fllT "cf>T <'l!T'T, 3l c; rn Ic; I'i "cf>T ,Wt I
186
Set of Five
lll'if g fill•ll 'l- 1~· c;·~1 ~E:,'CJ"-'1~·~c:·1 i!JC:'9'~~·

~. ic:·1 F~·c,_:i·<1a.·~~·ic:·1 9~"1·<:J~a.·
~ . '\j,Glcltlli:1'.:1\lfill-
tlT'l cr,m ~ I <>J~·~·1~·ic:·1 f .;:,·gfc:~·S<>J'CJCl.'~~·ic:·
Five types of prayer of Gelugpa
tradition- Prayer of good rn
conduct (Bhadracarya-PraQ.i- <IJE:.'0:,f
dhana), prayer of Buddha Mai-
treya (Maitreya PraQ.idhana), ic:·<1a.·~~·ic:·1 a)c:·~·~~·ic:·1 F~·
prayer of the beginning and end
(Adyanta-PraQ.idhana), prayer of "'~~'<i'l.'1~·ic:·1 CJ~O:,{'!]~·~·~~·ic:·1
Blissful Field (Sukh'ivatik~etra f .;:,·gfc:~·1c:·s"1·<1a.·~~ ic:·c.'-11
PraQ.idhana) and prayer of
engaging in the deeds of lf31'iffclm: f41ffq: ~ fi'lmt ef<'r
'
Bodhisattva (Bodhicaryii Prani- fi'l~J::, '11 '""i I fi'laj, , \l Ri $11 fi'raj, ,
dhana). $1 f«-1 tl gcl "' 40 11 qfl l-l1 "i fi'rai,:'
1~·lc;·~·~"l~51111'J"-''l'i:~1 oi31·r.ia.·~ I <Fcffi- ~: fi'lai,~il Ri I
qf
~9·r.ia.·~1 ~c::s1·~·~1 ~·~"''<1>19~' fi'lmt ef<'r fl'l-aj,:, ~:,

\l Ri $11- fi'lai,:, \3 qfll-l1Ulaj,:,
r.ia.·~ I ~~-g~·~·~~ll
fi'l "i if&1 ~ Ici'l Iq fi'laJ.'["11
f41ll"'i lp{'if 3114Rd<1 11f:- lll'if g ~ q} f4!llfi'lm ffl
Ylxlftic1>:, ,-it11<1~'1q., Yll.1fc'ncl>:, er; cl> IxoI fi'laJ., "TI1'I cfi fi'laJ.,
,;iRi~~l'll, 5.<4t<1~ilRi I llR'l$11<1<i; fi'lai., ~-'c!gcl-'c/>l'l
fml.!m q} tfi'if ai I q Ro c1 • r- x'l \3 qfl l-l1 "i fi'lai, Cl~ cf&1 ~ Ix r% <1
fi'la]. I
Ylxlfticl>, x-it11<1~'1q, Yll.1fc'acl>,
m
llRi~~l'il cr.m 5.<4t<1 I
Five classess of moral downfall
fi'lm m *
x'l fl'l-aj,, "TI1'I fi'lai,.
\l Ri $116' <& fi'lai., \3 qfl l-l1 "i fl'l-ai.,
(The Five classess of moral if&1 ~ Ixr% <1 fi'la]. I
downfall prescribed for a fully The five types of fully ordained
ordained monk)- Defeats, monk- An alms seeking fully
remainders, propelling down- ordained monk, a fully ordained
monk by name, a nominal fully
falls, individual confessions and
ordained monk, a fully ordained
faults. monk by fourfold request and a
187
Set of Five
fully ordained monk who has ~ . cjfncjjl-~ <111.Tf ~ -

removed delusions. ~ ('1:1°-ill~-~) I
OR The five types of commentary-
An alms-seeking fully ordained Vast commentary, literal com-
monk, a fully ordained monk in mentary, commentary on
name, a nominal fully ordained meaning only, commentary on
monk, a fully ordained monk difficult parts and summarized
who has taken the entire vows commentary (summary).
and a fully ordained monk who
is free from delusions. 'l~<la.·•;,r~f '!J,'11'~1 1.i'·~l .:f·~l '\Sl'~l
11'1~'\'q'~"l~'~l ~r.l_·31qf'\·af1 "1\'iZ:.'~' i"1·~i{11
3Jqj''\·?.i"1 ~"1'1J'~·3Jqf'\·?.i"1 OJ'\'Ii'\·~. lf3{T.Jfcl'l'.I: <hi: - ~ 11-1 ~ cl :, '.!<> ~ ~ cJ:.
~ . ~lj~cl:, !.ll"l~ci~-<1fa I
3Jqj''\·?.J1 "-~'\''11~·~·3Jqj''l'~ll llT'fl 1lif>R ~ ~ •R11- ~ 11-1 ~ cJ t1 I,
lf3l' I<ii:)- ~ ~cldl, ~ . ~lj~cJdl ~
<l> Ifli <!>'11 ~:. cJlfii<l>'11~=. -ijf&iq,- m-ur-~I
'11~:. ~"1'11~:. <l/.,ll'11~~-<1fa I Five protective deities- Local
llT'fl 1lif>R ~ 'OfTe.:r ('lt:l<til<il)- deity, male deity, female deity,
cf>li11<!>'11~. cJlfiicf> ~ . 'ijf&iq,
war-god and life-force deity.
~. Tf '11~ cf\!1T cl/. ,ll '1 l"f I r.i.sf<:1·~1 ~I £l1 '\~'11'<11 cl:1·1"1'1Jl ~'\·
The five types of protector- A
protector of body, a protector of "-~'<:] il'IJ. ~11
speech, a protector of mind, a
protector of quality and a lf5[T.[
'
~=- ~: ' '-l'f"-1:
-=> '
~:
protector of activity. ('11~~11 ). Wf:, fati51t1~-<1fa I
llT'fl 1lif>R <!fr <il f.l <1 i- ~.
'l!l"l'r.r~1 !'i"''"-Sl''l"'.lf £°"]'~ '".sj'll"'-11
1-1 jti!.i . "Rei> ( '11 ~ ~ 11 >lf01t). wi
'ii\·~3J·~ '"-Sl"-1''-' I '\'1"-·"1'\ '\'~'"-Sl"-1''-' 1 <111.IT fa 4<1>. (~ traft ~) I
Five types of sentient being-
<Ii'!J''i'I.~."'sl 'II'"'i{l I
Gods, human beings, hell
lf3{ 'ii f4 El' 'Ii I 61.l '\ (tJ I)- beings, hungry ghosts and
~. ~ . 31~- animals.
"ll"-l'i, cifn<l>l"ll"-l'i, ~
'
( ~ ) itfi'r1
'
ltj'Cla.'t IIJ'Cll."I' ~1 "1 ~"1 '!J'R ~ •.,. ,>-1.,. 161.l"" (c1 <1> 1-t)- ~3J'IJ' "'1 '\<1 z:..?.i"· OJz:.'IJ' \'i' ~3J 'IJ."' 1 '!i'II'
~. ~-~. 31~-
188
Set of Five
Oj'Oj ~ !!I' "i'ClJ ~!!I· '!f')"l!!l'Clf .,~. 'lj"l!!I' $' .-; ll <ii'G:'. {t~ , 311 c'll $11'1'!-J Icl '11 {t~,
"\ll!ll -./lui1qR'a<~l'll<~l'-ll{t~ I
.UJ~!!I· ~-~"l!!l'Clf ~·clJ~!!l'~'~a.J!!l'<li{lf
Five kingly siitras- Bhadracaryii
q_-.-if<lEj ut~I '.!,:~- '(_j'(<)~- Prai;iidhiinasiitra, Vajravidarana-
YRiol DII-J, ,if.i;,iqR1o1°11-J, fcli'rll- sanasiitra, Prajiiaparamitahri-
' '
·,fml,~1q-n-R""'io~I=o1~1-(, ~ <1 ~ Ifcl-d q R 15 Io11-(, dyadristisiitra, Atyajiiiina-
311 '.),Y Rio Ioi itfc'r I bhiivaniisiitra and Bodhyapatti-
ul ~ I Y <BT "iolf.r. ,if.Glll <BT !"l'Q'~lll!!l'~l ~OJ''l"-'t~OJ!("if i.a:,·ia:,·
m. fcli'rll et; 'lTilT c#\ "iolf.r.
ofc'!- ~ Ifch-1 <BT "iolf.r "\ll!ll 3W] clf1" ~ ~'lll"i"'l ;{"i'"i<llll'&l"i l \a:,·clS"i'~<l'<lf
m1 .!J·"!\oi;{ll
Five types of suffering resulting
from old age- Complete ll3{T.f ftr-11~=- ~{ltj.-J:,
degeneration of good form, ~ : . ~ : . 3l'lit1Rif.&:.
complete degeneration of sense 31~1
P.:r.,.,- ~ ' •
faculties, complete degeneration a
"YT'i'I' ovo·o:i,;j'{- q{liJ.-J, ~.
from enjoying objects, complete ~ . 3l'lit1Rif.& "\ll!ll 3lw:ll I
degeneration of might and Five Buddha families- Viliro-
power, and complete degene- cana, Ratnasambhava, Ami-
ration of life-span. tabha, Amoghasiddhi and
!"l'Q'lll\~Q."l'!"l'2i"'lll~'~·i Q ~~-?;j' j\
Ak~obhya.
oill.. ifa:,'"IOJ'! 'Ill~! ~l·J,OJ't>.(OJ!!I 'ij!!I'~- i·~1 ~~·<ill.'~! "'~lll·oill.·~i l !!I'~'
OJ\! ~!!1'"-<l'~~-?i"·~·<11l.·OJ\f "'"i"''"l·~· "'~"-·<ill.·~l lll"i"'.'""'·s"i''"ll.· ~l t>.<l"I·
~!!I· i\'OJ·oi/l.·OJ\f s~·~<1·i~·z:i.:i111"'· <1"-·s "i·'"ll.· ~i{ll
<lillll !!I' oill.'Ill~ll q_-.-if<lET: ~:- '3cl1R'ti§1J,

~f&i§,}. ~ - ft~Fc1§g,
q_'<I' ~luttt_oilf111 ~ - '3Yq1o 0 1§<_!~il I
Wf"!, iFilfcl.-;1~01~1·Hf~I-(. >!W- lJTT.[ y ~ ~ ~ - ~
q I~ f<ia 1$' <; ll <ii'G:'.fi~I-(. 311,ll $11'1- ~f&i§g, ~ ft~Fc1§g
'!-J l<l'-l lfl~I-(. "\ll!ll '3Yqio 0 1§<_! I
<nElllYR'n<~111<~111- xp 'cf I The five causes- Cause of
1lT'i'I' ~ Iut tt_oi- '!-J ~ ii ,ij~ fil1t111 {f~. production, cause of endurance,
cl\JI fcl .-; I~ 01 ~I 1fl~. ~ $11 q I~fi:1<11- cause of change, cause that
189
Set of Five
makes abiding and cause of i"i.~"llll·~·1 ·illl''!,i''l:l!;'r.:11 '\'\'"II.I'

increase.
i Ill'~''l:li;·r.:11 ~"i-~"jlll''l:llll'"j"illl'i\"a.r
i'\'!_·"i111·"1,"-lll'<1~·{ i:nr.r~I ~'i_ "l"r 'l/' 2i·r.:11 l<l.'~"llll'"illl'~"llll'~'i'r.:11 a)q·
~I "li\''\"1"·2i·~·~1 "li\·~·~1 il"~",·~·~1 "i
~"]Ill' Ill'~"]Ill' ~-ir.:ii,,'11
~"i-i"i·~·~i,,'11
lp{'il fflcf31 I q 0-.-J if> I:- ~ 'l \ jfl Ifl,
<'lr:il'ttl-<l,i;il: 4~~ ~ll>lll=- '>1 <i, I jfl I~ , W'd'31 I 4 fc'i.1 q, c1 "'1'-
\j c'1 c1 fl'·l:' ~ c1 d q "iH-l 'l:' q "iH-l 'l: ' '11-:l 't, ~<'l<{?,ieicgc1, 'ljtllcgci-
'ii "G '1 fl 'l :, ~ M 'fl 'l: itft'r I cga~i:1fa I
<fr::! 'fl 'fl 1-<1 f.'El a tir~ ~ 1l>!l- tIT~ fflcf3114"'1<1>- ~'l\jfl I~.
'3 cl<i,ljfll~. ffl~.
'ii "G '1 f'i c1) cl~ ~ M f'i C/1 I ~c1cgieicgc1 1;ci 'ljtllcgieicgc1 I
Five types of disciple related to Five types of stream-winner- A
tantra: They are like- Utpala, follower by phenomenon, a
White Lotus, Lotus, Sandal follower by faith, an ordinary
Wood and Jewel. enterer into the fruit of stream-
winner, one who is born from
i'\'~51'r.i'~I 'l'.l<>1·r.:1q: @'\I "1 111,;· ~9 111·~· the god family to god family
@'\I !'i"i'{'\'@'\I ~r.:i·~·~·@'\1 ti;· and one who is born from the
human family to human family.
ci~\~'@'\'r.:l-,111'~11
ji:r•rr1 ~'\''l~'\1 "1~'\'~1'JlllJ ~"1111'
q-5[,il RI ~-i c1 ..-.:1 '1- Fc1 '14 a.=,i 'l ,
' ' "1~'\I '1~\"1'"1''1'.l"i'"II il·i1'J·~11
'J,tild"?l't, ~g<"4d"'1'\ (~-
'i14ld"'1'\). ~ ("ll'lfR- u.r"'."il
'i f&: a"'1 '\), ,i I~ d .=;;i itft'r I
lfrq l]'ij)'R' qi '<'1"'?1- fc114 d "5l,
'I~'\'"I''\<;.~"j lll'"I''\I;' "1 ~ '\''\<;.~'\'"I''\t;'
'Ji'.il d '"?{' ~ gi:"4 d '"?{ (~ gi:"4 'ii ll 1- il·i1'J·~·~r.:1·~·1
~). ~ ( ~ - ~ )
u.r "'•"i1
Five classes of tantra- Vinaya 1.1~\ q· "I'1.1'.l"i."I I ~"1 lll'"l 1 "1 ~'\·'\,;·
tantra, Secret tantra, tantra of
extensive conduct, tantra of 'l~'\'"11 9ii:li;·r.:11 il·i1'J'~l1
profound view and tantra of
essence.
190
Set of Five
lf>{ '{'<l ~4i<ll 111Tlf.r- Qfc1$11, ~:.
c/>1 cl)_ <'<11-\. "'" I Y I c; :, 'R/.11'1 fi'.! <I, 1-\. '3c;li3, 0 1'l, '34'11.1:, '34'1i3i<i~i1R1 I
'
cfil'l~'<;:, fc1 Ri Fc!, <'i.i I ~ I lJT'q ~4<<11•11•1- Qfc1$11, ~
'3c;li$, 01, '34'11.1 \'f2:IT '34fli311 cl)_ ,ll 'R/.11 '1 Fi'.! .t,1 ;i; <'<1 Fc1 Ri Fc!, <'i.1 R1 Five parts of a syllogism-
45l'<llqi/Ollf.'I I Proposition, reason, demons-
'
q[ tration of the pervasion in an
q, 1'1 W «; :, ,-c-q I •j:, fi'.! ,), cl>i cfi< <'<1 'l' , example, application and
fctarq:, fc1 Ri Fc!, <'i.i I ~I conclusion.
tirR ~ 311<1~01- 3/'l<l,,llii:i·r.r(ar"l•l'~f ('?ii '\Q'!,f'll S."i'"li!,11
cfii cl)_ ,I.I , "'" I YI c; , «'ll I'1 f.'I (; I,
cfi I 'l \J '<; \'f2:IT fc1 Ri Fc!, <'i.i I I lll3il!,I' ~,:il!,l·~·"I"i 1i3i I <J~r.\ "13i''i3i'~l!,I·
"ll1
~"i. r.J:o;' :;i'Sl!,I' r.Ji{II
ci>lcf)_,ll. ii"<"lll'1, f.1-ITT. 3/'l;i;,ll (12:[T
FclRIFcl,a:i1, it We! 3llqi/01 t I "Cf3f'<l
, YR! 4 l~Pll <l'11 'll 11 f:-
"ll1 "11il'11'll 1ff'll "'l]q:, 4ic1'l, cfil<1'l,
' '
cfi l'l~'<;. {,ll 1'1, f.r"ITT-ifiicf)_ ,I.I, 3W!ft~ cfi 'J" I:. Pf.'l-tij=1~1=01=~-t1:,,ffc1"" I
fctarq (12:[T fc1 Ri Fc!, <'i.i I I lJT'<l i;i RI 4 f?a 1-J I <1 '1 I 'l 11 f- 'l'flcl"'11-
Five types of obstructions ,wf q,f "'l]q, 'ITT'!, ffl.
(Obscurations)- Excitement 3W!ft~ TT (12:[T f.'IG:J'.),01 I
and contrition, harmful thought, Five paths of meditation- Nature
sluggishishness and sleep, of the path of meditation, fruits,
aspiration to sensual objects and function, temporary features
doubt. and ultimate features.
OR
Contrition, sluggishness, sleep, i::. l!,l'r.J' 'i!'l '\f".i::, l!,I· r.J I l i2. l!,I' r.J I ~"l'C:.1!,1'
excitement and doubt, these are
the five obscurations.
r.JJ '.il!,l'i2.l!,l·r.J1 ll!,l·i::,l!,l·r.Ji{II
OR
Aspirations to sensual objects,
"Cf3f~:
' f.ll!a:- 4R4f."11.1a: .
cfi 11.1 f.'11.1 tr. ,~ 1.-i f.'11.1 tr. cfi Ic1 f.'11.1 ct:.
sluggishness, sleep, regret,
tl!ff.'lllct~-t1fc1 I
mental distraction and doubt.
lJT'q Y<l>R ~ f.l ll (1- 4 R4 c;:-
!i:ri-111·u.ia;·Q1111·~l "ii<J' <i,;'l,."i'-' I 11l1i a;· f.'11.1 ct , cfi II.I f.'l ll ct , ,~ I'1 f.'! I.I ct ,
cfi I61 f.'11.1 ct \'f2:IT Q If f.'! I.I ct I
11111!,11 "i<ll l,:i,::g,;·,:i1 i<J~'IJ't"i·~·
Five certainties (the five certainties
~II concerning the Sambhogakaya)-
191
Set of Five
Certain retinues, certain body, '"li\lN'ffllN'~l .:i,,:.:i•: I ~,:,·~,:,·

certain abode, certain time and
ii"'.i\ ,:,·'l\ .ilf,:,·.ilf,:,·'l\ 'iiC:. '"l 'll'
certain doctrine (Certain
retinue: they are surrounded by "'~O,'!,li{ll
noble bodhisattvas only, certain
lp['q ~ : - 31..fc;,i <f>c1c1'1,
body: they are completely ' ~ ,' '
adorned with the major and "ER:,qm, \.l~l{ll~ilRl I
minor marks, certain abode: ~ *r lJT'q ~ - 31¥,
they always live in the cbc1c1, "ER, qm d~ \.l~l{ll I
Akan~tha heaven, certain time: Five periods of womb- Viscous
they abide till samsara exists
foetus, oval-shaped foetus, hard
and certain doctrine: they
fleshy foetus, soft fleshy foetus
always teach the MahayanI
Dharma). and five protuberances.
lli;i\·sc:.·~1 CJa'\·~3,1·~· 'If ~a.· (3,1· ~"l'
~Ill'~ I ~'CJ'"l 0s·gc:.· ~CJ'"I\ ~ ·3,1·Ql0s·gc:.·
'll~3,J'Ql~,I' S]"l'CJ\ ~CJ'"I\ 0s·2fi\·"l0s·gc:.· ~CJ'"I\ ~111·3,1a;~·

<>l<s' gc:,· i!iCJ'"I \ ~·ufc:,0sf'll"''"l0s·gc:,· ~CJ·
CJi{ll
qi{ll
451 'r.l
'
~: i, l! 1'<1 \.It, I"1'1, "It;'~!
' '
-:1 ll Icl, o Ijcft'1:, ~ : >1"1=1,~-<1~,=~'r.l= I
t<l1J I <l if> Ill ~ ~ '(_;flffUT-
~·CJ~~·~'\! ~'CJ\ 0s·2f~1 ~'ll'3,Ja;~l l
aJ ,-i ~d' ~ . c;'r,n 3RlT q,f r Ill"'·!,l'"l "'' s"·~CJ· t,1<{11
\.lt',IOI, cfr;ij 3Jlq,U[j xt "Tfn d~
{µ{'<I' 3ffel fl 1-<1) ~ <"l I c; I: ( ' 'l ,fll ~ <l if> I ll ,fll 1[<f>T "l I <I Of I
The five characteristics of a
,fllld,)- il"i';'11fl: ~-
natural truth body- Uncom-
i;rrfi.;,:, ~ 3lfi'I fl '41 fi1 \.11 fi<-1 ,
pounded, matchless, having
abandoned the two extremes, mR\ (31ITT:) 3lfi'lfl'4lfi1\.l lfi'n:,
being free from the three j S: Ill I: 3IT'i {i '41 fi1 \.11 fi<-1 :, "cbT<l-
obscurations and luminous by q Rf'1 ff1 ...--11 d, 3IT'1 fl '41 fEi \.11 fi<-1 ~ ii I
nature.
192
Set of Five
qf 'l3("'i'i ~$11:- ~ l'[~:. ~

('fm'!T, i!"t:'11, ~ (3T~). ~ . q;4f.'lcilfilj{"j_Fci. ~ .
~ . cl>lllfi1-lJ"'il(t ~ - q,Rlrn;,,H ~ I
~ Ifl<1 ~tj fci I TJT'q '!r<l>R' <!ft ~ - - ~
'lT'cf affel fi l'ifi fq-\1 <'I I c; ( i3 r'l"i- ~ ~. q;4f.'lcilfilj{"j_Fci.
l'!q_
Jli1f qi '1c/cfill/ qi f(cff !/i/i/t! <lit ~ ('Im q,Rlrn;,,1.-i 1
'flcRt)- i!"t: '11 ~ ~ Five types of clairvoyance-
ID'<f cl5{'1 I, x=p:t ~ ~ Clairvoyance of divine eye,
ID'<f cl>,'11, fu (3TITT) ~ aw'r- clairvoyance of divine ear,
fi l,,fJ fu ID'n et,~ 'i I, ~ ~ clairvoyance of recollection of
~ >fT((f cl5,.-i 1 ('Im "qjTll past lives, clairvoyance of
<ilT fi 1-lJ "'1 <11 ~ ~ >fT((f miracle and clairvoyance of
cl5,'1 I I
knowing others' n1ind.
m
('fm'!T, cl.,; '11, ffl-3TITT, ~ ~ ~ ~
~ "qjTll -<tT" fi l-ll cl5 <11 ~ 1n'<1" ';;I~-~,;· ~oJ· rJ I aJ'oJ'lll'oJ ~-,~-~oJ· 'JI
'
~I ;i:{ll]''Ji>.' 'l/·<1· ~oJ'rJ I ll f li\·~~- ~~
The five modes of enlight-
enment- Enlightenment from "-~!:J~''J;,:-11
the Moon, enlightenment from
the Sun, enlightenment from the ll3("'i'i mm:- ~ .
seed syllable, enlightenment {-qcl>I~ ~&::~'11-11'1'11, ']x/ i:rfcr
from the hand gestures or ~ . f.'lfclqji,q-
deity's implements and enlight- ~ . qRu1111.-i1~fil1t11.-i:t~"i
enment through the perfection ~I
of the body. lJT"'q mn- ~ -<t,- 1-JTcAT
OR cj,{'11, {-qqjlll <ilT ~'c,~q cfi ~
The thatness, the Moon, the ij 1-JTcAT cjJ { '11, T' cf; >ITT'!
seed syllable, the hand gestures ~ i::ci 3TTG{" -<t,- 1-JTcAT
and enlightenment through cl5, '11. PI fclcl5 i,ll ~ -<tT ™
perfection of the body. cl5, '11 ('Im 3T"'n "i\ q Ru 1111.-i I i;:ci
11ti\'~lll'~l il111·~·oJ(i\·~~, ~-1:Ji>:oJ(i\· ~ fi"1"'1 cl5,'11 I
The fivefold transmissions (the
~~, {i\'llli\~'t_~'~i\·~·oJ(i\~~, {i'
fivefold transmission on
C\~"l'~'oJ(i\·~~, lll~i\'~oJ~·~~·rJi>.' Mahamudra)- Meditation on the
oJ(i\·~~-~ll Bodhimind, meditation on one's
own body as that on a deity,
193
Set of Five
meditation on the guru's c/>,011-\), 31filq 1.1\+1:, 31 lcFi"I~:.

aspiration and devotion, medi- ~ : Wiltcl,~i:lfa I
tation on the non-conceptual
l'.ll-f<1>1ll ci, Tff"if cslffUT- 3H-i~a.
view and meditation on the
31&1.!Rltii-i (~'ollc/>'1"1), 31filq1.1\-11,
supplement with dedicational
prayer. 311 cl, oI'{!4 ~ ~ "ff i:r=rrt<R I
The five characteristics of
~ll]lll'~'Ql&l'~&l'Q'~'f C:IIJ''\Qo\f ~;JIN'
Dharmakiiya- Uncompounded,
'ii:i o\1 l°:l III l ~\9lll"-1 f 1:li::· "-~111· 91 indivisible into two, non-
JJ .--::1 ll I '1 ,fll -q-3{"if slJ'1l1: - c!T"T-
misapprehension, being purified
Rl fil cjfJ11, ftrrn-Rl fil cR1 'i, '!Tm- and being luminous by nature.
' '
'q;']11:, wm<R:, g•1'14filfil<R1. 'if I i°lll'?l ali::·1 ;Ja;'o\'ol[ ~;J'~9 ~-ci~~-
ll.--::1-"l!R ci, q['q sf>ll- cfllT-
'
fil fcl cR1 , ftrrn- fil fil cR1 , 'i 11.! Ic/> 11.! . ~'il 3J'~9·cil·~ 111·~11
wm<R ~ g•1'14-filfil<R1 I lf3{"if \'.l'llf:- "fll'f. cs&TU!lj.
Fivefold stages of mantra fil c/><'4 '11, <l~. f.1 f4cj,&4 $11~
vehicle- Isolation of speech,
'irfu I
isolation of mind, illusory body,
lll"if Eflf- "fll'f, csm-or. Fil c/> 01 '11,
clear light and unification.
'('f~ '('fl!ff f.1 f4 et, <'4 $11 '1 I
{o\'~9'~1 9 'ii <If SJ\ ".'<lillll'~ll Five phenomena- Name, signs,

conceptualization, reality and
lf3{"if '34tl'I [: ("TI tliJl<Sfllll:)- non-conceptual wisdom.
'T, G, of, 11', S 'i'lfc'r I
q['q '34tt•f (t<r'l) ("llit "lT<SfT i'111·&1i'9·~1 'i'i'CJ\ cigo\'"-~111\ ~o\''lf
<f>)- 'T. G, <!, JJ ol!:11 S I ~ ::·?_.,,_~"\I ~ 111·,_ci·<fn
The five prefixes in Tibetan
alphabets- Ga, Da, Ba, Ma and lf3{"if ~: (3f111'.l'llf:)-
'A. -'>f,!lT, q'j,f'l, ~:. fi'illtr:, >1'$11
i'111·11l·&1~o\';'i·~1 "-)lll'SJ';jlll'CJ\ 9~111·

'irfu I
q'i'q \j ctl JJ Eflf- -'>f,!lT, cft4' ~.
~-'i~'i·1·.i'i·CJ1 so\·%-SJ·af9·CJ1 i<l'CJ' *1'11~ '('f~ m I
Fivefold supreme Dharma-
'\9''1\ "-C:'<l~o\'~·~'i'lljlll"-l'Cl~ll Faith, effort, mindfulness,
Ef1f I ll t'll lf5J"if cs 1:1 o II f.'1-
concentration and wisdom.
,
31 tH-4t tP-j, 31& I.! fil t1 I,: (3lt'ift-
194
Set of Five
ai '\' ~·~t £z:.o.i·tJa.'oJ<ii'\' ~I 'II"-' ments, marriage and ruling over

the kingdom.
oJ.i\i~I ilo.·oJl\i~I ,rall!l'oJ.i\
~"1'~ ~'"'ll!l'Q,'\l!l'C,la.''\'IZ:.·2i'·~1 '\ '\' tJQ,'
g~I "'§"'·~·oJl\j~·~ ·~~II
'\<IZ:.'CJ\ <If~·a.~l!l'~''\<IZ:.'<11 ~~'tJQ,,'
tµ{i!FcltJ: ~ : - ill\,11.1$1:, ~cJll$1:,
'1 j'll ll $1:. fi'l c)_ ll $1:. '1all $1 ~.,.) R1 I '\<IZ:.'<11 ~z:.·c.·a.i(~·~·'\<IZ:.'<11 ~l!l'o;Q'~
'llil 11<!,"R <f'; ~ - m::r-<f$1",
'\<IZ:.'~11
~-<f$1". '1 j'll-<f$1", fitc)_-<f$1"
<!11IT ~-"ll:$1" I ~'q <'fl<l>lctl'<lfill ~lllfill-
Five types of fire offering- '>l ~ Pi: ll '1,, cl) 4Pi: ll '1,, ,-,,
·c e11 Pi: ll '1,,
Offering for Brahma, fire ~ . ~$1'1f.'i:l.i -.,.)ft, I
offering for gods, offering for 'ITT.I <'!) Ict1 '< ~<l"- '>lr-S~""'f-1:..,__ll,
human beings, offering for fore cflil"f-1:1.1. '<"ie11Pi:1.1. ~
fathers and offering for ghosts ~ ~$1lf.'i:ll I
[teaching scriptures, offering
Five trans-wordly purified
into the sacred fire for the cognitive powers- Cognitive
pleare of deities, respecting
power of faith, cognitive power
guests, offering food and water of effort, cognitive power of
to forefathers, and offering food mindfulness, cognitive power of
to living beings]. 1neditative stabilization and
cognitive power of wisdom.
~"jl!l'tJJ i'<I\ "1~~·~0,·(<JJ'f''ll('\'tJJ ~"1·~~'"11!l''l'\l!l'C,la.·ai!('\'tJ'~l ,;Q'':i '§Z:.'
<Ii~'&j'Q~l!l'tJ\ ~"J'!Z:.'<1~11 <I\ 1'11"-'<I'Y'\'tJ\ i'lll·~·"'F"·af<1(,;·<11
tµ{il <iil Fcl, ~ rll I f.'1- (J;jfF! l'·a.~"'· { ~·~z:.·<1~1·<1':i "J'<II l!ll:,l!l' ~Ill·
'T3Trf
•
&f[J,ibibrl/lf.'i)-
C
1flTicf- tJ~\I
4il-JDl'f, ~ . gcJlcJ{~ xfuw1-sl,
RicJIS, xlvl~llf1'1 -.,.)ft, I ~T.! <'l)<l>1ct1x~icll1f.'I- (~~
'llil <iil Fcl,<1> <Ji~- (~40 <i'; lllil ~'q cl) ) ct1 '< ~ <'ll If.'!)-
<iilFcl,<1> <Ji~)- '11c)_ 1 1"1' 1f ~. ~~ "1.11,:i 5°111., a q~tilll, t.14tiw-
~ . gc11c1,~ c!ll ~ . Fc1c11s ~ cJ ct'i 'f, ~~*Ifua,,5=1~4 ~ 'i°< cJ I
<!11IT ",[f(jj-~ 11 f1 '1 I '1 Ix c; '1 '1 'f, ~<& <G ~ Ifa:1 ~.,.) R1 I
The five worldly virtuous 'ITT.I <'!) <1>) ctl'< <Ji~- (~40 <f';
activities- Entering in mother's 'ITT.I cl) ) ct1 '< <Ji~)- ~ ~ "'11
womb, birth, youthful achieve- <ITT 1.l1,UT. a q ~il 1.11. t.14 il <1> <ITT
195
Set of Five
q R,rct 1, ?FIT.& "cfiT ~ c; ~\ 1 cfR <IT

J.J1,c;J.J1 om '.!o&i:i:I c!\r >fWn 1 ~.~.
The five transcedental virtuous ~. ~. qR'lct-
~ --.'lfu1
activities- Renunciation, asceti-
lJT'q 1'fll (1!~ q,@" ~ ljl'q
cism, turning the Wheel of
1lll)' - ~ <fi al<[ 6'r islR c1i1
Dharma, subduing the hosts of
"1<!, ~ ~ ifl 4) ll "I ~ "cfiT 'llll,
Mara by exhibiting miracles and q R'l q "cfiT "1<!, ¥] "cfiT "1J·<I, El· m
31 "1~ fi1 cfi I "cfiT "1<1, ~ "cfiT 'l'fll,
ci 1!_'ljl!>J. 1:1/l_ ·"'~'11 l!,J' <If "'f','~ '"-~9 l!,J' <1 ! ¥] "cfiT "1<1, ~ "cfiT "1J·1:11 c;a,;·~c;·9·i,.~ 91!-J·<ia.'11 qR'lct ~11x€l "cfiT "1<11
m
311 "1~ fc1 cfi I ' "cfiT "1<!, 31 ~ c'll cfi
(3l {1R'I ) "cfiT "1<!, ~ "cfiT 'llll,
~ "cfiT "1J·1:11 "cfiT "1<I I
Five fears- Fear of end to life,
"'f"'.~."'ic;. ~-'l'lj.$Q/l,."'~91!,J· <la.'j l fear of not being appreciated,
~c;·a.;1 fear of retinues, fear of death
and fear of unfortunate rebirth. 2
i,_af i:i·al ~-q/l_·i,.~'ljl!>J <lj 0
£°91!-J·~-Q~'<I' OR
The fear of livelihood, the fear
al~·1:1/l_·i,.~91!,J·'J1 i,.i·i:i/l_·i,.~91!,J·'-11 c;a,;· of lamentation, the fear of
death, the fear of unfortunate
"'~·i,.~ 'ljl!>J''Jj "'f,;·~·a.;c;·~·i:illj·<E'·i:i/l_· rebirth and the fear of
"'~ 'ljl!>J·'Ja.'ll participating in the assemblies.
OR
tJ3{'<r 1-J ll I f.'t ~:~ 'l'f<l1'[, The fear of lacking livelihood,
3l~~iflllll: "'flll,, qR~a~11,€:rin't,, the fear of lacking verse
' ' ' (appreciation), the fear of death,
~ . s;•ff?r•-1ll51-.'lR'l 1
<IT 1
~ i;:ci ~ <rl I I ~ I' f B fto.lTI
~ . ~. l'.-J"xU[- ~ 11' ~ m <n1 'If[[ Ri<l~11
'l'f<l1'[, ~. q ~ c; Ifl I €.f'-f<i
'6<lT I
2
t
The Bodhisattvas abiding on the path
"tjfu I of accumulation and the Path of
Preparation possess these kinds of fears.
196
Set of Five
the fear of unfortunate realm llfiur ~ 'if@ lJT'q ~-'if-

and the fear of participating in {ii q % 'tf, cl c; '11 % 'tf, fi $11 % 'tf,
the assem-blies. C/i % I,% 'tf ~ fc1 $11 '1 % 'tf I
The five aggregates which are
subject to destruction-
"~1·~51 ~·1·~1 'lllll~·r.i·t<>1· 51a,"~I "-SJ' Aggregate of form, aggregate of
feeling, aggregate of discrimi-
51"1~· i~· t"l'"-'<llj ~·r.i1 ~·r.if ·;1~·1lll"-' nation, aggregate of composi-
tional factor and aggregate of
t"1'51ili~'"1Q~·cll~·~11
consciousness.
tl Iifll 'tl 1-\1 c; Ill t"1 'f3f'if 13 ct1 'l-
,
~-'lf"'·i·~<>i·"·r, .i·51 ·'!!r..1 ,(,~lll~·
~:-
'
x-11'1'1: ~
'!'11, :S'IYI
l3i ,
W- D'1'!j,"'11'1Yl,
8
'llo1~'1:,
·~
"-'\51\ ~-fu1l.'lljlj 51~"</Q,'"151) r..<>1· fu·oi'·
:si•rl"I: b''1t1•<a,;,J: lJJ'IYI, 51Q,'~llj~'ili<>ij ~"I' :i~·~· ~·2i'i{11
'
C/i<'NHYfu:str cb"'II 'llo1D'1~'<1R'i I
"' . ll3l ii f1'l El I: Y~ cf> '1 ~ cf> I :- cb <'!ic :,
tl I ifll "fl'1'1GT'l' c6 'CJhr 13 ct1 'l '
't"IY:, ~ : , ~ : . '-l~C/-'1-.--i~c;"'~
"' -
1T,(,- W-ITT c/>'"'11 13i•1q'1
.!, "' ' "c)'ft, I
x-11.--i'i ~ . :s•1q1 •£1o1D.--i. :si•r'l.--i
'CJhr Y"cf>R c6 Y~"cf> ""R"cf>-
UTf!-n:rR
'
lf>' Iq I "tlm tl <'I'll I cb..:J cb..:J c ' cb..::, uIq ' l'IT-tfR 3ifu-tITT
~- ,
qfu:sa <'h"'II •£1o1D.--i 1
"tlm '-l"{+! ~ "'1<fr I
"' .
The five foremost masters of the Fivefold neighboring hells- The
Sakya tradition- Sachen fiery embers, the swamp of
Kiinga Ngingpo, Sonam Tsemo, filth, the razor-filled path, the
Dhakpa Gyalts<'n, Sakya forest of sword-leaves and the
river with no ford.
Pai;idita Kiinga Gyaltsen and
Dragon Chogyal Phagpa. ~ ·"~'51ili&l~·5l 1·~·I 51·1'll'"r51· r.i· 'ti~ ·§c:·
~51~·r.i~·~c;·2f·~·1 lll~lll~·~·":!c:·i:i'1 ~r..· "I ~c:-~ 51 ~·?_~-lll~~·lll~1·r.i1 i"·r.icl.·
"' -;r.'
""-'::le:'" I -. "'
"'~·,i ~·:)J":!c:·r.i I
...,,.,
'\9 .,.,_~~-lll ~'\'r.il '\9 ·c,_~~-~-c,_~· (·c,_?{lll'
(:!C:'211 ~51·~~-~·(:!c:·2f<>:'11 r.i1 51 i1·~~-~lll·r.i~11
lf5f'cl q~6l'l'll'1t<f>;qf:- ""1'- ~'if 13Yl'1'i1llffill 'ilj,xtklllful
'
~:, cl c; '11 % ,tf:, fi $11 % 't[:, 'i;l"l'1, ~~ -.i'liu-
fi ,-<'I> I,«t,'tf:, fc1 $11'1 %"'-I ~'<1 R'i I {it,:l{ll '11,01'1, ~~ 'ilx"l'i,
' '
~tl..-·El~lll~Ei~1,~to~,0~1~'1, ~ "c)'fi, I
197
Set of Five
lIT'c[ \1 41 '1--<1 'l' - f f i ~ cl5T -tq-:, q ll.l R'cJ i:b: (!.1111 ~tj R'cJ <1>),
'
~ cb'<'11, ~ et; ~ 1l !.IR't~~l'11, 5,ti'/ie1~tjfct I
"11 '1 i:b '< '3 'fi i:b I c[t[ i:b '< '11, ~~ lIT'c[ GTtil' (fq!l!3ll qi 'QTT.[
cl)T c[t[, xfEr c!fl 'fi "1 R'cJ cl)T m at14Rd<1•f)- q1x1fuli:1i, ,-iEJ1c1~1"1.
nm ~ cl)T Fcl.-i1~1 1 q111R'cli:b, !.lfct~~1.-i1 am 5,ti'/ie1 I
The fivefold secondary bound- Five classes of moral downfall
less actions- Disrobing an (The Five classes of moral
ordained female foe-destroyer, downfall prescribed for a fully
killing a Bodhisattva cons- ordained monk)- Defeats,
ciously, killing a trainee, remainders, propelling down-
misappropriation of Sangha's falls, individual confessions and
property and destroying stiipa. faults.
~lll·r.r?1 ai·ar1 <l]1i!Jl!-l'<:.<1p:i(1·CJ1 si::.· ~"\'"1"-'ll'~'l "1.~\..<l]l!-l\ ~-'r(i::.·1 i::.·~OJ\
>f\11 i!Jt;°'·CJ"-'"1.~·£i·s1·CJ1 i!Jt;°'·CJ"-'"1.~· <lj~'~<lj ~<l]\<l]'~l
s1·CJi{11 {13{'<1 f<l'll' f1l-c'I tef.l "''l ~:. '[q':,
31 i5 i:b I'<:, l-116:, ~ 'tj'fcr I
tJ51_ ii f.'l'll: ffl:- c/Jl xr1 ~ 't, 'QTT.f Y<l>R qi f1l-c'I te f.'rif- ~.
,aq~~l- fcl "1--1, o1't, f.'P-l ' '1~ ,i; <'<1 't, tq-, 31 gi:fi I'<, l-116 nm ~ 1
3RP1- '<-1%1'<:, Fivefold delusive poison-
~,-ifcl>l'<\.lfctqawtjfct 1 Attachment, hatred, pride,
lIT'c[ Y<l>R qi ffl- c/>~*11~ close-mindedness and jealousy.
(311c'lx-l.l), ,aq~~I cl)T Rl'"'1'< 0 1,
11,51·,1·~·1 CJ1<l]'<l]lll"i'i!J'i!J'~1l '4-i'
f.'p-1•.-i ~ Jil,i;,11, ~
nm~-~a,1 <l]~\i!J")i!J'~ 1l "1.i,<lj'~°i' ¥l!,l'Q ~1'i!J")3J'
Five faults- Laziness, forgetting
the instruction, dullness and ~ll ~<:_1!-l'~lll'~i!Jl!,l'~'3J'i!J'~1l ~"\·
excitement, non-application of
antidotes and over application ~'i!J")i!J'~1·\11
of antidotes. IB{T.f ifl'l ell:- +<I q'<{-11Jc1 I, 31j~l'<-l 1-
C'l I YI c; '{-1 '1 <11, 31 '<: c'll i:filcP-l {-1 lj e1 I,
~lll·t.Ja·~·?r r.ii!J·CJ1 ~<lj·i!J1 ,:ii::.·ii::.·1
'.l,4 x-l f'q fl IJ <11, ~ cl ~ IIJ fl IJ a I 'tj'fcr I
ii::.·s11 ~l!-l-51!-l'~ll lffT.f 'fi'icllll- {-qq'<f11Je11, 31j~i{11-
cl-ll q Ic; {-1 lj e1 I, 31 «-: <'fl i:fi\'1'-1 fl IJ e1 I,
IB{T.f c;) Iii <I 'If: (fq'WIT IB{T.f
3114Rd<1•1f:)- q1,1R;ii:b, xitllcl-
1<& '{-jf'q {-1 lj a I 1lcf ~ cl ~ IIJ {-1 lj a I I
198
Set of Five
The five samenesses- Sameness

in terms of self and others,
sameness in terms of benefits !JC:.'CJf .3i"l'"l illi!J· !Jc:.·CJ I ~"\'~-CJ· !JC:.'CJ\
and loss, sameness in terms of a;c;.. ~c:.. CJ' !I c:..CJ'CJi,~. 'i!ql l
the eight worldly concerns,
sameness in terms of the {µ{"tf iH cf cl : ifl.ii ~ I: (311 ;q Rcf <Ii I:
Buddha and sentient beings and itfliii 1:)- ~ 101 Ifa q Id fcl,fa:, 31c;ct11-
sameness in terms of cyclic c; Hfcl,fa:, i-/>l'i~Uili11{f<1,fa'
existence and peace. 't'11cllc;Fcl,fa:, 'l.:iq1r1fcl,fa~i1fa I
; 11]41'11' ~l 16'/.l.. ~ "1 41 'i!J 1 'l/' CJi.l.' ~ "l ~· i!J 1 llT"i1' iH cf a: (<i<A') 'ltfu;r- ~ Ifo It: <'111
'i-/>T c'IWT, 31 c; ct1 I c; l'1 'i-/>T '<'<1T'T,
~"\'aJc:.~·!.Ji.l.' ~"l~'i!JJ ~ i!J~' ""I·~· ~111~· i-/> I'i ~ Ui Ii1 I{ 'i-/>T '<'<1T'T, 't q Iq Ic;
'i-/>T '<'<1T'T Tim 'l <'.l q I'1 'i-/>T <'<1T'T I
i!Jf ~~-~-~"l~'i!Jqll
The five universal precepts-
{µ{"tf <!>"ll;ql:- 3W_!:i-/>'11<1:, ~ - Abstaining from killing,
c/)~Jq:, iM~li-/>q111:, {i<:«'li-/>'1111: abstaining from taking what is
i-/> Iiii i-/> q I11 : (</> <ill i-/> q I11 :) I not given, abstaining from
llT"tf <Ii 611 ;q 3W_!-i-/> q I11, ~- engaging in sexual misconduct,
i-/>'1111, cM~l-i-/>q111, 'ffi'q-i-/,q111 abstaining from telling lies and
abstaining from taking alchohol.
(1''2:!J cITTiii'-i-/>q111 (i-/>iilli-/>q111) I
Five types of degenerations r:n;c:.·{11141·~1 CJ~'CJ\ c!i\CJ~ CJ\ t"l'
(Dregs)- Degeneration of life
span, degeneration of view, CJ~r.oi1 c!i\!l·CJ~ I CJ1jc:.·fi!J~·~11
degeneration delusion, degene- '3"Q !ITT {µ{"tfm- {j,"'l 't, {j,"'I R1 ct1 't
ration of sentient beings and (x-ft 'i '1 f;q 't), ~ '&'j, ~:{sl R1 ct1 't
degeneration of time (degene- (c;ii:\r1t<i'j), ~an ,Wt I
ration of aeon).
lll"tf Y<l>T'( 'il>'T '3"Qlffili- ~.
;c:.·?r~f ';!'Z..i!JJ 1JC:.'gl ~"i'i!JZ..f ~"\' ~-firm, ~:'&, ~:'&-firm 'cl''2:!T
~affl
i!J',f "i.li'~qll Fivefold equanimity- Happiness,
lj3["q 'fl'RT:- 11":<':: llH: frii1i,,, mental happiness, suffering,
' .!J...,, '"3•
~. c1CfUi ,Wt I mental unhappiness and
equanimity.
lfrq ~ - ¥, lf1J. '/'R,r, tfr ~
"f1l'i-/>' I
The five essences- Molasses,
(•1r~·~1 mc:.~·""i'!.Jf ~"l'S.\!.Jf 9a111·
honey, sesame oil, melted butter '""i'!.Jf ~~-CJ,','CJ\ 9c:.·:a9·~,,-~·CJqfl
and salt.
199
Set of Five
tf5f'il
, t11 f¥q;T:- fl lcc/.1 :, ~ c; I"1- lJT'q ]lq)f'i ~ 3l<i~lli (3l'{!,i,
cflcft, cfi Io11 c; :, cITTc'!!:1 fu Icfi cl I<;l, <! ~ ll i)- WT, wltl, "lF'f, 3l fc1 tl I
'.),c;:' IC'1 g<j,cll c;"I ~ I <fm Fci R1 Rh Ri I I
lJT'q t111¥<1>- fli&i, ~C:1"1cll<;l, The five non-views- Attachment,
ct>l"II<;, cITTc'!-!:1fulc/>c!lc;"I nl1:iT anger, pride, ignorance and
gc;_•IC'i-g<j,<ll<;l I indecisive view.
The five schools of logic-
Sankhya, Vedantin, Kai;iada,
those who assert time as "ii!J''Jf ~'lj'oJ[ ~i:;g~f ~",Clf\'lj!!Jf
momentary and those who
assert person as the principal ~11J'g11J·~11
cause. '
• tf.>{'il 311qlftl,111f: (~~ tf.>{'il
~1:1·~1 Cl.~"1-~"11!J'QJ'~·1:11 oJ~"-·~·lJ1 ~- 311qlftlc1•1f:)- q1,1ftlc/>:, fi£11c1-
~:, q1,i[?ficp (~lil~i!R'nc/>'\),
lJ'oJi9·'1.~i\l ~QJ-~oJl!J'<lj"l'~ll]l!J' ~Ri~~l'11, 5,tcJtti ~ I
oJi'!]·~i\l a:i''l]''-",·~·tJ~JI 'lT'il 311qlftlq•f (1'4P;J;3IT ~ lJT'q
3t1qlftl,pf)- 41'ilf'0ic/>, fit11c1,ilq,
tf.>{'il <!'lc'll'=- flee/> 111 ')_f£:, 3T"1'- 4111Rficfi, ~Ri~~l'11 nl11T 5,tcJt<1 I
{I It, ')_F£:, q,1'l~l')_F£:, m- Five classes of moral downfall
i;j(1q'(l'l~l'l.f£:. P1Ull')_f£~i'IRi I (The Five classes of moral
lJT'q ]lq)f'i ~ ~- fl cc/> 111- downfall prescribed for a fully
c;fic, 31"1{1 lt!')_f£, q'iJ>J~\')_f£, ordained monk)- Defeats,
~ c>1 i:1<1 q 'ii 'l ~\ ')_f£ <fm remainders, propelling down-
fi:rui I')_ f£ I falls, individual confessions and
The five views- View of faults.
transitory collection, extreme
view, holding inferior view as
f 1:1~·~1 ~~·'J1\.·(<ll!Jf 11 !11·'1,~l!J·~·
superior, holding bad ethics and {<l!!JJ ~3i''J1\.'{<ll!Jf ~c:;·?.·'1.~i\'i
discipline to be superior and
perverted view. {<ll!Jf ~!!J'"-lJ'~'{<ll!J'~ll
~ll11·~1 Cl.\~·~'!j!!J[ f"i~f C::'~"ll oJ' "lc:;'i\l
~'!j''Jf El'~oJ'aJ!l ~"l"-''l'l!J'Qi\'~. { <ll!Jf Cl.ol3i''J1\.' { <ll!JJ
ll3li!f.'ll'.II
" =ftc:-
-·e WT: , ~Ri,l . ~11·'1.s11·'J1\.· { lJl!J I ii'foJl!J''Ja·i <ll!Jf
"lF'f , 3l Fch::i I, Fci R1 Rh Ri I ~ I
t!i\'"loJ' ~· i lJl!J'~ll
200
Set of Five
45{tl il<'llf.'1- ~<!llolc1"(, ~ ~ 1<fd" <1m .-Jgti"'

{-+t fa ol c1 'i , f1 'i Ilu ol 61 'i , ~ 31 R;J •I cl 1'i "'i irrf1 I
< ' ' '
~I The five features possessed by a
person- Being a human being,
" being able to talk, under-
~. standing the meaning of a
language, being in possession of
~I
ljfq i«'I- %l;T--.rc1, cfnt--.rc1, a sound mind and being neither
~--.rc1. t11-11~--.rc1 <1m >1W-
a eunuch nor a hermaphrodite.
-.rc1 I 11·&1a·.1·&1!!'i·i1 "-~9·'111 "S"l-~&l~·'ic;·
"llT
Wc1--.ftG!--.rc1. 3ITTT<l--.rc1, Clj "1'~9~·&1~9'"-~"i1 "-~'i'<J'"l'f.2.~il\'<lj
~- -.rc1, 3fR!ffi-<fc1 <1m '1l ·l&1·~"i·ik~·u,I <l1~\~&1~·ci~~-&l"i·
~ - <fc11
Five forces- Force of faith, force ~11
of effort, force of mindfulness,
force of concentration and force
tJ"l tl Iq ~'>l I•n ll 1:- xi c4> 1ll <if&:::,
~ft61~d4~1'1~1:. c/Jl'i'ctP~:. fclfu-
of wisdom.
OR Rl, <'ff I (fcrc.t ti:'. fcl Rl Rl, <'ff I),
The power of white seed, the clll41c;~ilfa I
power of intention, the power of lll'i'i 31<1~1,n,i- tic4>1<1 1F&::.
repulsion, the power of familia- ~~c1~d4'/l'i~\. <l>l'iW.-,;,,
rity and the power of prayers. fcl RJ Rl, <'ff I (fcrc.t ti:'. fcl Rl Rl, <'ff I) ~
clll41c; I
11'1'i'~~·!·j·i:f1 ll·ul.Ji'<IJ ~-~~·q1
The five bonds in the Desire
\"i·11f-ci1 ~~·q·~·&1"r~·9.Ji~·q1 &1·~,:;· Realm (The five fetters with
respect to the Desire Realm)-
'it;'&liE°.Ji.&l 'i.u,· &l'ul "i. <1~11 View of transitory collection,
holding wrong view and
q:,i_f\'lll c2l <151 ~ ,;{~: 11 ".' I t'l:- discipline to be superior, aspira-
'i j''-ki:I "(, .-11al$11a. 3l~:.
tion for sensual objects, doubt
~:. 3F1gtic/Jl'i~'I (deluded doubt) and harmful
cfF[ 1*[ I thought.
lITTf Y"<IITT: <5 c2l q 51 ~ ~ ~~
1J,<\"R'I- 'ij<>Q iran. cJTat "cf,'? !!'i'il,;·9·~<q·r.,_5,:,·~1 .JiE::'~CJ·~·~"1'"-S,; I
f1 c/J'i I, 3'1111' -cf>'r ff 'i $1 'i I, ~
( "i'"-SJ'<l]i\>;'&Id.'~"1'"-S,; I CJ~o.·ci·~~-~-
201
Set of Five
~"'·"'~"'! 91c::.·z::r~.sr common and uncommon

powers.
"'3,j' ~<li·~ · ~"'·"'s._.(11
ll'l°i'~,\~'1
'Q3[~: *!IEll~OllJ)>I:- ];ff<j":-
'
'B'"-01 Icli Ici fll "lJtlr:, 311 "-FH1t1 '11 ll I: r.ii.l_·l°ii
p..,, ''
~IC'ill1•1:, 311i51x41'1 311i51xlli5"1'1,
"'1'l°i·r.ii.l_·!°i I t·9·"'1'l°i·r.ii.l_·!°i·~11
'l tD 11 ll'l '1
rl 1l4+l,, f.i <'<1 lll ,) 3fT'i'IR
~I q-3(~: 3,-J;~<'l'l"fll<l":- , ~ -
q'fq g ~ "if> ~ <IT'T- cli~ci Qell ll:, fFf1 1'11 j~ci Qell ll:.
];ff<j": 1;ci ~ -tj fcl,m "1Fl ol!H 011 jcli~ci Qellll :, 31 I~Ill Ijcli~ci-
q@f"ti'rT. '!ft-"ti'rT -tj <lfM er; Q,ll ll:, fcltllj~ci ~,llll ~-/1 fc'I I
~ "lJtlr, ''fl "1 '1 ll1 ' I -tj ~- q'fq g ~ "if> 3,-J;~C'I 'l"fl!<l"-
m. qro1141•1 -.'i i:m-m ~ ~ cf; 31 j~ci Q<'<1 ll. {1'f1 I'1 cf;
f.rfll-"lJt1T -tj 3fT'i'IR "cf>T q Ici '1 I 31 jcli~i'l Qell ll. olITTUT er; 31 j~i'l
Five types of ordinary yoga- ~ <'<1 ll, 31mll cf; 31 jcli~i'l Q<'<1 ll
yoga to be practiced in the cfffi ~ er; 31jcli~i'l ~,llll I
morning and evening, yoga of The five favourable conditions-
torma-offering for propitiating Favourable place, favourable
deity, yoga for getting food, lineage, favourable sign,
yoga for getting drinks and a favourable intention and favou-
habit of practicing yoga at all rable rituals.
times.
&l'l'~'!'l:1'~1 "'1(<3i'<l"s'~<,J'<ii.,_'3,j'll t ...·~·
iSlall,'"l<,J'~·'i("'9~· if"'1<,J'll,~9 ~"'1'~"·
"'1'll ~°i·%9·!<,J'<13:"'1'll 'l°i'3JC::.''ll
llall,'"l«·~·'i("'9~. { "'1<-J'll,~ 9 %-"le::.·
'l°i'3Jc::..3,j' c!) °i.r.ii,,'11
31 'i'~''i(«·9~· if3,j<,J'll,~9 ~'i'gi.l_·'i(«·
'Cf51i'l~EI: g1flq:- ~:.
'
~:.~:.~:. 9~'{"'1«·~9 "'iif9·r.ii.l,·~"'1·ax,·~·1("·
~I 9~'{3,j<-J'll,~9·~·~11
q'fq g~ "if> g1flq:- ~ -
J;flTI'q, ~. ~. q-3('<f <i~El"f~ ~ I ff! I lIT'Tf:-
~ 1Zcf ~ J;flTiq I 311 cli I~11 '1 'Tll "!,c'f {i 'l Iq fin:, fc1 $11'1 l-
Five types of power- Power of '1 'Tll "!,c'f xi'l I4 Fin:. 311Fcl,5t<Rn-
clairvoyance, power of dharma, '1'Tll "!,c'f xi 'l I4 R't1 :, 'Jcl I\1 "!,c'f xi 'l 1-
spontaneously arising power, -c:ifta" . f.'Rlt1 fc1 'll !l1 xi 'l Iq Fin ~ -i1 Fc'I I
202
Set of Five
"tJT'il 'i: -lj,iBI I ~ I 1J3{ii f.'l 1ci t1 '1 'l '11- t1 '1.- '111 q '11 'l~l l'i'f<1'!c'lfFi Iqf&-1, fc\m- t:Ral-lifll-l, 'rll-lifl'1, cf><'N>,'11fll-l,
' ' V ~ '
'i I 'i rc-11 '!c'I fl'i Iqf&-1 , 311 fc); tj "'-l l- 31 ~ cl 1-1 ifi ilftr I
'1 'f<1 'J:c'I fl 1-11 4 f&-1 , •ici I ll 'J:c'I fl 1-11- 'ITT.[ g~ qi ftl-lll-"J{"f"ff-
1:ffcn cf:m f.'Rm fcP,le-J fl 1-11 q F&i I 1iFfcl'-liIB, ~-liffi, Tf[-liffi
. .
The five paths bestowing peace '!!,cfc!!,,-"l-l'm cfm ~-"I-I'm 1
in this lifetime- The actual Five types of flesh of
meditative absorption of infinite commitment (Pledge)- Human
space, the actual meditative flesh, elephant flesh, cow/ox
absorption of infinite conscious- flesh, dog flesh and horse flesh.
ness, the actual meditative
absorption of nothingness, the )"1'~'1 ( if~·,111~·~·)111·~) c:·~o.i1
actual meditative absorption of
'l.'\'\''6'1J~I ~·~c:·1 ~'IJ''i'IJ !i'c:~·q~ll
the peak of existence and the
actual meditative absorption of 1J3{tj f.'lq ~ (ifi 'i ft ..Y c; Ill j -
emancipation in cessation ft I~ o 1)- "I-IT'i': , WT: , ..,..,,,.:
bf I.:!, ,,h.,,-1
~l.X...11,
~ ilftr1
11·•r~1 'l.'\'\'q1,_· '\'\'"11 '\c:·"1,,·'\'\'"I I
"tJT'q g ~ qi fcri;r {"ofl.r "fl'l'l1Glll'
~~·q1,_''\'\'"11 "J")'i~·~''\'\'"11 ~,;·El· qi 31 jft Ii1)- "I-IT'i', WT, iM.
{'IJ'"la.''\'\'"1~11 tun"m~1
Fivefold poisons according to
~ lf3{~- ~~. ~fl"'i- Bon religion- Pride, desire,
~. 3l"JG;[~, ~,-;qfzi~. hatred, jealousy and ignorance.
31 ~ ,'.le; Icl <'i:i ~ ilftr I
lfrq g~""" '5f.i,T- ~~.
~fl"'i~. 3l"JG;[~, ~,-;qfzi~
)~·i'111~·~1 '\~1·1a.·1~1 "iS"'"la.·1~1
'\~,;·~c: ~a.·1~1
cfm 31~qc;1c1<'i:i~ I '\~iii l"a.·1~· ii'11
Fivefold faith- Longing faith,
pure faith, faith of respect, {f5JT.[ -;tt,<1q:- q,i-n: ~:
' ' '
convinced faith and sponta- fi'lt1q1fqcf>:, cfle:\ci1fqcf>:, ~~a~-ilfi, I
neously arising faith. "tJT'q oit.ql!' clx'1't1, ~ . fitl-
c11fqcf>, c;~,Jc11fqcf> cfm ~ I
'\'ri'11pq·l!:~:ii· ~1 Ela. '.fl 1 !ll c:. ,r, i a, '.fl I
The five seasons- Spring,
"1'"-IC:'~'"11 ~a.'"11 ~a.·.fl~ll summer, short rainy season,
long rainy season and winter.
203
Set of Five
~·~~! "l~"lo.i1 ~1 1 "'1 ~"l·s·~· i\'~aj'Cl'~j "l~"l"ll ~l Sl "I ~"1'

i~rr s~rr
tf.5{'<1' clr<Jl-::llfill- ~ . ~:. "lC:.'i\l
1,.£:1:, ffi:, <rntc:ci:i ~ I
<I~\..,i!,J o.i I ai-· r., 01 Al· <I\ ~<1 o.i·r.,,01 AJ' <I\
tJT'q cl r<l I -::I I if- "WI, ~ . 'Rl,
ffi ~ :rn tc: i:ll I i\"i'3l"i·rJ·r.,,e<1·.ir ~o.i·<1~ ·<1·r.,,a<1·.i~rr
Fivefold mere existences- Form,
sound, smell, taste and tangible lf51'q 3111.ff:- ~ . ~:. 'Rl:,
' '
object. ffi: , <rn tc: ell T.J I
qf
9,"ll't, 311'.),qf.&:, <ic'l'iR;:, 311~1''-l

c'!l"l":, c/J 11.Hji!sl T.J I
i!,J ,;"i r £;..,<i..,·~ c:.·"li\o.i r ~'i'"i'J"1'3l "i 1
tJT'q 3ll!l- "WI, ~ . 1,.£:1, ffi ~
\..,·ilJ'"i'~l;l'rJ[ &l'<l&\rJ~!I <rn tc: cll I
tf.5{'<1' cfl>..ll 11cll:- ~~ltj.-J:,
m
' 1.1-
~ . 311'.),qf.&. <ic'l'iR;, 311,I'
~ : . 3W@Tl'!, 3l'll£JftiR;:,
c'!l"l" ~ c/J 11.l W5J I
31~1
Five sensual objects- Form,
tJT'q cfl>..ll 1 1cl- ~~li1'1, ~ .
sound, smell, taste and tangible
3W@Tl'!, 3ll-fl£Jftif.& om 31~ 1
object.
Five Tathiigata families- Vairo- OR
chana, Ratnasambhava Amitii- Merits, extension of life-span,
bha, Amoghasiddhi and increase of power, gaining
Aksobhya. health (sicklessness) and
gaining physical happiness.
~i\·i,:;·~1 ~c:.·r ffl'<ll i!.Ji..,·r.Jr i!.Ji"-·rJ1
i!,JFAJ'i!,j~ll S"l'q-~·~1 ~<io.i·<i'·ir \·l~ai·r.,,(i!.Jo.i[
'
451'il 311!.ffll~I:- t.<;q1-1, 4>'<'f1t1:,
tAJ'i!.Ji6°i\. ~·.w:\."i:ic:.. ti\ l .:r
~ . ~"i 'i!"-'
~ ~ ~ ~
l.lcfici,
C '
«c1l5c/J:, 'icfc/JI ~ I ili\'i!.Jf .:i·ili"i. ~i!,J·r.,,(i!.Jo.i· ~rr
q'j"q 3 1 ~ (~I.ft~ <fi q'j"q
Elcif>}- ~ . '!/;l''hfl, 1.14ta,, tf.5{"if th:"<fllf:- 'l51<1c'l't, c["(,I-
'<'1151 elm 'JcfT
I
Rlc:1,01'1, til"1lll$q_,1, 'll~RJ~ql,
" The five essential parts of the i1lx fc1til ti-151-iifa I
body- Heart, lungs, liver, spleen tITT.J th:°<flf - 'l 51 <I c1 , cl \Sl fc1 c; I< oI,
and kidneys. tiJ(iJl!lc/,q_..:i, 'll~RJ~ql "cl:m
~I
204
Set of Five
The five category of wrathful

deity- Mahiibala, Vajravidiira1.1a,
Dhvajagrakeyiirii, Miir1cidev1
and Choravidhvar\.sana. ii '11 cN if'! tf.>{'i:f f.! tq .-.J '11 :-
~ : . fcl~clcFJlffi'i:, "wr-
'lfc1"ii>'1:, "1IC'l'tl,<1>'1:, 31Rl"l1-
':,\"'! q~~·~iSlf °("]"l'~iSJf "{"<{!! ffi '1 ~ ilft'! I
q3{'<1fciu: 11,{.<-!TI q ~TI:- Rirnlc<-11 c; , ii '11cR ci, lJT'q f.! tq .-.J '1-
~ qjT "<f>1'1, RI ~ c1 cl (ii qjT
9 «; IC: , :, 13 cl1 R'i-J ffi '1 :, f.'I tq "i ffi '1 :,
qR011'1.--JI ~ I "<f>1'1. «·'i '10qjT "sf>1'!, ~ qjT
lJT'i:f Y<l>R" cf> 11,"&l" ~TI- "<f>1'! om 31 Ri"11 "<f>1'! 1

fil <'dl c<-11 C:, ~-3'ffc;x, '3cl1 R'i-J ffi'i, The five levels of the
f.it:4...-Jffi'i om qR011'1.--JI 1
Completion Stage of practice
of Cakrasamvara- The level of
Five types of essential instruct-
blessing oneself, the level of the
tions- Mind generation, aspira-
multiple vajra, the level of
tion and respect, generation
filling jewels, the level of
stage, completion stage and
Jalandhara and the inconceiv-
dedication.
able level.
Cl~~·i"~f ~·~"\! ~·~r sc:o;iiSJ"l'~"l"'<lf
sc:.·o;iiSJ"''~iSJ"·<fr ,1,c:.·iSJ•:(rr
q3{ilf.'lEl"t 3l'1_<1"t- ~ . ~ .
~i1aei'1~Rirn't (<jffi't), ,@<11~-
Rlrn't (,cfd't), '1"'311 ~ I 'll~if<l -q3J'q ,11•11:- ,51"1'1111:,
' '
lJT'q 'll<l>R" ci, 3f1!<1"- ~. "[-,. +-cfii"-rn""'iml""i5cl>"':. '11 Pi cl> (Ri rn '11 Pi <l>:).
~ ~ (Wf,), "1(1" ffi, el 'i~tj R'i I
~ ("1d") om '1\NJI I 1fR ci, "41,:[ 'll<l>R" cfi if!UT-
Five types of nectar- Excrement, ~ "1..fl 11, fum-li'l 5 cl>, '11 f.'I cl>
urine, the male bodhicitta (Ri rn '11 f.'I <l>) ffi om af"I I
(sperm), female bodhicitta Five types of arrows used by
(blood) and marrow. mara (evils)- Arrow that causes
attachment, arrow that causes
1:1~·11i'11r~·("f"r~11-~·1 "~'11'5"\'%/'l"l'
ignorance, arrow that causes
~·~iSJ""lf ~-l<rj<ll"\i.~'~iSJ'"lf ~·:,1· pride, arrow that causes conflict
and arrow that causes distrac-
tion.
205
Set of Five
The five phenomena on the level

a.1·s1·i·<:Ji::.·?:ia·~"J"'l'i'~r~1 "'1·a1·~·
of the aggregate of discrimi-
':l"Jrr "1~'1"l·~·s·!c:i·cil·~"l\ <%i::·~· nation- The aggregate of discri-
mination, the basic wisdom of
f ol"l ! ~a.~ "l''l[ ,;,::·~'\'~'C\~"l''JQ,' analysis, the element of fire, the
nose sense and the smell within
.:X11 one's continuum.
fl Mil ~Mi~ tf.>{"'q 1 1) ?11'.Pl f:- a.~\oli"]"l'~l "''\''\. 'JQ, ''\'\''\' a;9 "l ! ~ 9·
flf<lilxf<liOtf:, cl«!,cbli'lfl-1 ~ -
j'<:\ 11 $111 "[, cfl<!'iTig:, R,H~il I$111 "[, QQ,'C\'\' \' a;9"l 1 ~"l·!·a.'\''\'a;9"l\
«1fl'f1~fi•F!'ic1: ,,i~-c)~ 1
0
fl M>l{-~-U if> {!Tq-"l]T;f 91J.9"l'~'I:!,~\ oli9"l [ "'~"]'.lf"]"l'~'I:!,'\''\'

EJlt-fif<li I{-"«1?"£T, cl«!,cb I <'I cfl a;9"l'<l~"l'~!I
cJt ,11 Ij'<:\ l'1 $11'1, cfl<!-'mg. f"1 i,_<11
"$1"R, "«I"- fl 'f1 ~ i\ fi '! !'n <i ffi I
tf-5{ i.1 ~El) '{fll:- cb 11-1 '{fll- Q'> I '1 '< I' I,
compositional factor, the basic il~'1<1 11, fc!~ilxl'I, '(i;4<1 1 1 ~

wisdom of accomplishment, the fl <'qi I11-'1'1 I
element of wind, the tongue Five types of attachment-
sense and the taste included Attachment to desire, attach-
within one's continuum. ment to sexual intercourse,
attachment to object, attachment
"'1'~"l'i'<:Ji::.·?:ia·~"]"l'i°"l'~\ C\~'~"l'~' to form and attachment of
':JC:'</[ ~,;·(9·ul·~"l\ aJQ.'fol"ll ~1,,· transitory collection.
~"l''l\ ,;,::· ~'\'~ C\~"l''JQ,'~~!1 a.;z1·.,a:a.£i::.·,r~1 "''\''\' oli9"l! F°c:·~1

~$11M>"'lt-<l 'Q31"'q •1)?1E1'lf:-
'
fl.$1 lf<li'el':, ~~c'll=-"tjal'mo=1;,,=1=1~1-1., 3ffe'1- "'~"ii i:l·.lfoi·c:i;,"l'~I!
'iTig:, •-11 fu cb I$11'1 "[, «I fl 'f1 ~ -
fl •[!',"i<i: lT-1'.!~tj~ I tf5{"'q 4>1'lil"'-1'11f.'l- '1'1:. ~~Er.
fl $IIM>"4 if> qfq "1JT?t"-EJ1t-
0
{i<'q', 1111,fic:, ~ft <'I~ ct1 I ~ I
'iTig. '11 ff! cb I$11 '1, "«I"-fl 'f1 ~ i\ l'.IT"'q q)f>J'-<r.£A"- '1'1, ~~ti.
"
fl.1[61 ctl I I
206
Set of Five
Five bonds in the lower desire- odour (smell), taste and tangible
realm- Desire, anger, view of objects.
the transitory collection.
"1v ""<>i·~" 'o,J' et9<1J'<J I
conception of moral discipline
and modes of conduct as 31 ·if"1'9 ·~ e;·qle;·<1,:·a.~ ,,. QI "'1eti\'l:J.e;·
supreme and doubt.
~·~<>i·a.§e;·q1 ~<IJ·<>i·~·e;·q1 ~i\·"l·.l:i·
<;'i'ui'ii\' ~·i51l'i·ci·tr
1:1, qFJ.9 .,.31 ·ai'e; I
'i "11:1,· 'lil.'11
~·.i·.,,:1 ~·q~qrf"1 v v
,:·~·"'1"1 ,:9·
~
iii I II ~ <l ,R1 1!<'lll: Q31T.!

<J''i, ..'i'1J"' (11 <'!al o 11 f.'t- fil ~ : '1c!fi'I,
45\'<'lililll'.!,~"'! ~ ' q lJ.u1l- 9,til'ilC'!I '<"11'-1fa, cfi~ ~ :
1:ai1f1l1- ~~ ~ : . ~ "1111 tl, cfim ~ : '1clfu-, 311 f1 ~ '1
clturr, "'RT·~:. ffi ~~~'\. ffl ""I t:1 ts11 fa I
~~a 1l ,p,j ilfu I iii I II~ if ~ 1!c'I! <6 qrq <'!el"l-
ll''<'I' ililll'J."l <6 ~ ~ 3lfi'f(f ~ if ~ "ITT'iT, 9,til 'i IC'! I cnT
"QT'q lJ.u1l \:'ell- ~ cl> ' ~
;:,ftut "ITT'iT, cfieT9,c (c!i"mr) -fr
'R 3111.F!I, ~ cf> ~ 'R q'l-!1-11 f.'p la i'8T. -m'R -fr
cfiurr. lR:r cl> ~ q./ ~ . " '
~.q f.'t ,fa "ITT'1T '1m ~
cfj ~ q./ ~ cfl!:IT ~ cl> 3TRR -fr ~ f1 "'1 ""I "ITT'1T I
,~Gxffl~I The five signs o, death for the
Five-fold offering arranged in gods of Desire Realm- A bad
smell on their clothes, fading of
place of the five aggregates-
Mirror for form, guitar for their garlands of flowers ,
sound, incense for smell, edible formation of sweat in their
things for taste and a white armpits, a bad sn1ell coming out
cloth for tangible object. from their body and discontent
with their usual seat.
t1.<;''i'ui'"i·i1 9~9"1 ~I ~ 1 (1 i:.9· ~·ci·t1 'ie;·qq·oli51<1J''it;'~i\'<ll ~"l'<Jq'
sil.'11
~"·'ie;· ~"\.<JI ~i\·<Ja·~·'ie;· ~i\'<J I
'f5f'<'I iii III '.!,UfT:- '<'i""Ql'f " ......
=·
"l~·qa·~"l·'ie;·~i\'<J I o,J~l!J·<Ja· ~i\·'ii:.·
'RT:, ffi:, {t:l~\~tlfa I ,,
4'<'1' ililll'J."l- "Wi, Wi-G, 'R:r, ffi ~i\'<Jil.'11
~~I
Fivefold qualities of desire ~ f1 "'1 t:1 G11'.!cf\1 :,
(sensual objects)- Form, sound, ~'<°i.-<I x'.!cf\1 ,
207
Set of Five
~1t;1xg@:, ~.-r1111c1-s;ct,lx- f.rc[fur- 31 'j"1 Ic;,

g@~-ilRl I 31j,i;; cl, 31=t1=f<b=<=a 11:m
ll'i'TJ 'H Al'\- \.I ti .-.i ~ n "¥n, 31"11R'l I
~ "¥n "ct,Tl:l, 11W ~ n The five-fold reversmn of
"¥n, ~ 3'ITI,T',( n "¥n 11:m suffering- Non-production,
~ 31 c'i et, Ix x'\ "¥n 6T"'1T I non-arising, absence of doing,
Five-fold possessions- Possession uncompouned phenomena and
of a sincere heart, possession of absence of birth.
a respectful body, possession of (arci·"l~':;i::i~·1·r1 i::i~i::i·"1·~<>1·Q1 ~·
pleasant voice, possession of
pure food and possession of '\<i~·<;/1 ~~-"l~~·§t;'QJ ~~·<>i~·
beautyfying ornaments.
"l'l:\~''.'.)'"'~"-'lll '\~' ~ ~'\'"1~11
i111·i::i'!("l'"1~'i·q~·~arq·r1 al'ij"]'"11 t"l'
tf3{Tf g
'H. 3i'~'\· fflel I{i '1 c\ 01 'j, 'l_,gqR'l:,
~'\'"1~11 fGRrn1c;11:, G1c11~ r?;i-s·•1qRc1cl111,
cg ~ Ic1 'i,"1 fll ,_,f<1=m~c;~~,i"Rl'., _ I '
~:~'Hfllif'l tf3{'<'ll<t>lxl:- ~ ,111•1.'l 'if> ll'i'TJ ~- man

31 Pi c'll i.'cl 'l, ~:'511'(, ~t'<1 'l, "ct,T "11 c I'11, ~ G1 ftlm "et,[
~ , I,R.l '1, 31c'!al"i itfu I i.3cil.!. <fR GfR fwT "ct,T q Rcl cl 1
'
~ :&-3ITTf"'H?lf 'if> ll'rTf 311 <t> I~ 11:m cg ~ I61 "'t<'f "ct,T f<1 m c; I
(t<1*>4)- 31f.'i,l.kl1, ~:"@, ~. The fivefold causes of giving up
~, Ic+<i 11:m 31c'!lffUT I vows- Giving the precepts back,
Five aspects of the noble truth death, arising of two signs,
of suffering- Aspect of imper- changing the signs for three
manence, aspect of suffering, times and extinction of the root
aspect of emptiness, aspect of of virtues.
selflessness and aspect of
signlessness. 'i"'~f~'af'i''i°i·rt "1~"1~·~'\ I f<tJl!l'<J'
i111·i::i'!("l'{"J'G'~f Ol'"li'\'"11 al'§c;·i::i 1 ~'\I ii"l'<JJ al·"'~"--lll al·o.<i'·ll~ll
ai·s~·ci1 "i~~·ai·s~1 ai·i~·q~II lf51Tf ell) '1 non:- 31 i'.'l q '1, 31 \.I Rl E1 '1,
' ~ ' '
Pi c'll '\, 31 Fc1 et, Ix'\, ~ itfu I
tf3{Tf ~''™ f.'l qnm:- 31jc<11 c;:, 311<t>l~I 'if> ll'fTJ 1J:Uf- 3TWI,
31 j,i;; c1:. 3l<l[<l:. 31 ti «it <r, 31 \.I Rl E1 , f.'rf,:J, 31 f<1 et, Ix "C!'"ci
31 "1 IRl ~'<'l I ~I
208
Set of Five
The five qualities of the sky- It lll"tGl'"J~'~l <i,i:i''\C::.'f 'l!]~C::.'z:JJ ;l!'

is formless, unobstructive,
eternal, unchangeable and ~oJ'CJf ~°i'".l'oJ'lC::.'z:JJ ~"1·.:i... ~-~~1!
intransferable.
'Bl"<l' ~~<l1+u:- 3l"<Jl,:. m:.
Jl1"tGl'~Gl'~l ~,·CJ/.l. ~'oJ!j... 'oJ',:Jg'\'CJ[ {j,~~11:. i:jC:~f.-i1:. 3lcfif.'lti-ll~'<1R'i I
i:ig'i·CJr ~w.l:g·~,l:<>ia.iJ ~i:i·CJ/.l.·<>ia.ir 'Cll"<l' ~<llfl 3l"<Jl,, 3@'q, {j~~I.

{j,C: ~f.-i ol1.!T 31 cfi f.'l ti:l I
a)·~,:J'CJi.l.'!!]"toJ' ~,:JoJ' ijll Five pure celestial abodes- Not
Q3!'q
. ~ ~=- ~~:
1'1'·1'·-1""11'1 l'-11'J\'1!~,
great, without pain, excellent
'3"11i:;:, ~,~cfig<;'IC'l'11'1:, it~- appearance, excellent percep-
llT'f:, rl~~R'i~'<1R'i I tion and heaven beneath none.
'Cll"<l' ~ - ~ qi'[
~'l'CJ"-'~"l'S'\''l'cll°'·CJa.·9119G1·~1 "'~oJ·
3lj"11i:;, '3"11i:;, ~,~cfig<;•IC'l'11'1,
it~'1 I•f ol1.!T r l ~ I CJ'<>J'ci,~,;·<11 a.i(°i'CJ,·~i:i~rci:i\CJJ UJC::.'
The five circumstances- Not '\9' CJ"-'lilc::. oJ'CJ'<>ioJ·~,· r.i I ':)°i·i:io;; !!]3.l'CJJ
cultivating the Aid to liberation,
cultivating the Aid to liberation, '\z:JC::.'C\i,;·i:i~11
path of individual person, path
of learning and the state of no 'l3!"<1' fcl $1 fq-J ~ 4 I fll 1- i:i f.'.i 4 I fa a-
more learning. .
'Wl'l,, 3P'l.l cl cfi I~ Icfi '" 4'1, i:i '11 c; 1-
PI cfi '" q '1.• ~q+'R""cfi,-,:~:,,,,..,a~'"~q=,i .
•
111...oJ·i ...·~1 \("1'\°il ~·ci·g·~·r '4',;;·
~ - "1<f~I
"'I ~'f'UJ'"tl .i:J~<>i~Jl '41"<1' fcl $1 fq-J-~ - i:i f.'.i q I fa a
°'"'1, 3P'l.l cl cfi I~ Icfi °'"'1, i:i 11 I c; IPI cfi
l!3('q 'l 614"1 d I f.'I (~ 61 fcl 61 x I:)-
q (jj IfF-1: (./twrm), 45(i1~C'144ci:, °'"'1, q Rcfi ~ a '"" om ~
'
41dC'l:, P.
.
;:i;;,;;,;1.1.-i:, '3rni:~l~C'l~i1
. I
'ClT"q ~'1~6~14-Pl"j=a ('l 61 fcl 61 x )- cl (jj l<i '"1
°'"'11
Five non-revelatory forms-
( ~ ) . cii1~1C'l i:r4-a', cilaC'l.
Those forms arising from an
aggregation of potential subs-
.
;:i f:g ;,; 1.1.-i om ;:i rn , ~.1~ C'l 1
tances, those forms appearing
The five great holy places
only to mental consciousness,
(pilgrimages)- Vajriisana
those forms arising from taking
(Bodhgaya), Paficasiila Parvata
precepts, those forms arising
(The mountain having five
pinnacles), Potala, Udiyiina and from imputation and those
arising from power.
Uttara Zambala.
209
Set of Five
"11·1:1"-·~lll·t:1 · "JIil.'!\ '"3J't:1":~•r lPl<l mfi'1"l'lll:- 3TitTR•. 3TI'i1T1"'1,.

~ : . 311c1lc/J:, ' ~ (311'!,fil:)
1:11 "·i:ill:~3J''-'"'·~~·"'I 'ill:~3J''-'"-'~"l·
"i'lfc'r I
"'! ~q·~3J''J"-'~~''-'I ~"l'~A3J'CI":~~· lll<l ~ - 3TitTR, 31lm1.
'Jil'.11 ~ . ;,i1c1'1c/J ~ , ~ (311'!,fil) I
Fivefold yogic stage- The basic
4 51 ' Ill 1:- <'l"'fcl $111 '1.
'
'>!l"ifc1$111'1,, <1101fc1$111'1,. ~~<lil-
"" ' stage, the generation stage, the
mirror-like stage, the luminous
Fc1 $111 '1 , c/J 111 fc1 $11--i "i'lfc'r I
' stage and the stage of abidance.
lll<l Fc'l$111<l'f- q~fc\$111, ~ -
fc1$111, u101fc1$1l1, ~~<lilfc1$111 ""l·~"'·i'\·~.iq11,1·~·1 ~"-"l ~!Slf ~li
~ c/Jl11R1$11'1 I
The five consciousnesses- Eye ~~<i~j "Ii\\ 01~·~-~llj~ ~3J~·.:i'11
. .
consciousness, ear conscious-
tf51'<'!
~
,i) ' It1 '"51 it>~ c•tl f.'I "<i:i
~
<!> c1 '1' ,
ness, nose consciousness, ...:.,
tongue consciousness and body cl \11 c/J..:, c1 '1. '<Met>...:., "1 '1,'
~
4'Ueh.c111,.
.....,
consciousness. <!> ,j '!!, C'1 "i'lfc'r I

,i)•1t1-'?l ~ lIT'<I '!l:<'f- '.l,<i:i'!!,c'I.
" 11·si:;·~ ·'\i:ii:;·2f· ·~:r '\'\'r.i I i:i i ~."' ~ !Sl f cl "1 '!!, cl , , M '!!, c1 , q 'U '!!, c1 ~
~~·r.i1 ~i:;·a.·r.,,~~I ~~·,:,i:i·i:i'11 i!i ,j '!!, c1 I
The five families of Yoga-
lP{<'l ct<1 c; lf.'lil> ~ll I fill- %i,T,
tantra- Buddha family, Vajra
c\'14'1,. ~ : . xi'11fEI. J;!W ~ I
llT<l it ~<I'- %i,T, family, Jewel family, Lotus
"cf1"4. ~ . -wmct cl~ J;!W I family and Action family.
Five purified cognitive powers- ""l'~"-·r.i·"11·1:1·t1 o.lc-_·~1 ~')ll]~j ii
Cognitive power of faith,
cognitive power of effort, @' 3J t llj ill ,3;: :i, il'.11
cognitive power of mindfulness,
cognitive power of meditative lP{<ltfT ,i),f) fth,, 'f'T'. ,.,,,~-.
OTOM•
stabilization and cognitive '['f"l:, '!!, "1 <~'ii I

power of wisdom. llT<l 1r<1>N ~ ~ll)n,»f)_ fth,, 1f'T.
3l'<cl, '['f"l'!!, "1 i! I
~
""l·~s"'·~·l!,l·tr llj~ 1 a'\·r.i1 il·af"-'1 Five types of yogi- Lion, deer,
horse, bull and elephant.
".i"'·i:i1 llj~~· ( ~~·) ..f11
210
Set of Five
oi·i"l''<J "l"'tJ~' t°'i'"lC:'~~l>J'CJ .

S"'"'"J 1""'"·~·,;or,sI "l~"l.,.{ °'i'CJ 1 "l~°'i'~'~i!,j'~"l'"l ~i;·
,s"l "'~ i:.· t CJ' CJ mi:.· CJ~J 1 CJ~ll
'<IR-::tf«'l,q4'1ll ~~- f.'l l-i foIif> 1ll t'll q3f"'iJ
, QJl:'t o II f.'1-
"'lot it- ~ . "ltfr. ~ctl,11- ~I If.;., '1 I' f ~ ~I cfi:, fi'1'1 ll ,iFi q Iii cfi ,
{i jci i ,iFi 't, 311 '1 I q I '1- clllcfi, 0 i~~lcfi:, ~ c:i=ll
flj_ Rl ~'<1 Rl I
fc1 '1 ll "1 '1 c; •Fi Ill, "Ye:" Fcl $1 '<1i
il R -::1 <ITT r.!lf.'l...,.,q_..4' m <Ira lll"'il ~I
f.'l q fuI if> I ll ~ lll"'il <'llffUT- ~ 11 f.'d
Y"il>"R ~ 311 <'I "'I '1- ~.
l-fflf qi"[ c;~lf'il, Fcl'ill"1'1'i "cfiT
~ ffk11 f1 j<'l Ic;. me),
"ltfr. qi"[
qRq<M <1'11'11, 3WTl-l qi"[ <3q~~I
~ 112:IT 311'11Yl'iflj_Rl I Yc;R cfi'l'i I. ~ ~ m'1
fctfcm
Five objects (visualization) of "ft «r'1" finil ufR cfR'IT "cfiT ~
purifying behaviour- Ugliness, "'l'i'l qi"[ c; ~If '11 cfm ~ ~
loving kindness, dependent Fcl $1 ~ ~ l:rcfic "ITT'iT I
origination, division of consti- The five characteristics of an
tuents and inhalation and Emanation body- Showing the
path of peace, ripening the
exhalation of the breath
trainees, giving teachings of
!ii·,1 ~~·Y°'il "l~'Y°'il ,.,.~.Y°'il transmission, showing one's
own form to them who are to be
.,c:.,· ~.,·~· Y°'i I ~.,.,,CJ·~· Y°'i·~oi"·'11 tamed by various spiritual
activites and appearing in the
q"'il "'il~fff- Rcllillll, l-lif1illll, consciousness of others.
w\"'il~:. ~~:. ~$11i11:!~'t1Rl I
lllil "'ill:,!- ~ "ii~. "lRI "ii~ w\
"ii~. ~ "ii~ cfm YW "ii~ I CJ~°'i'tJJ u) ,·<>J'S\tJ'l>J'CJ~°'i'tJ I CJO,i!,j'tJ"
Five eyes- Divine eyes, fleshy
eyes, Dharma eyes, Buddha's l>J'CJ~°'i'CJJ ~CJO,"l>J'CJ~°'i'CJ\ ,qi:.·~[','CJ'
eyes and wisdom eyes. ~,·"l·CJ~~·tJ~JI
l"l',~'llliE'i\'~,·,1 :a CJ~.
., " <>Ji!,l' '!j~°'I. tJ I ~ilf«'lm q1{~<1r•11<1.-i1- ~ -
~. 1-J'i«lil,f1Pi~.
"l~i>J·s· ~°'i·q,;·s ,·q I <;1-:·f°'i·q,;·s,·q1
~.~.
~"iii
211
Set of Five
~ .
'C[f'q '1 'l'II ~ -
~ - •FH-cfili!flPi~. ,m,T, qr.ft "i/5T '.').c;_'.').c;:. >1?1RI.
~-~ i/5 c; Jl a~ "IT<fT I
~~I The five similes of the five
Five ways to practice Piiramitii aggregates- Foam, bubble of
(Perfection)- In dependence on water, mirage, plantain tree and
matters, in dependence on illusion.
mental engagement, in depen-
dence on intention, in depen- ':!i\'i"IIJ~·,_·~·t1 ~"l- ~i\ I ! "1
oJi:;: ..
dence on methods and in CJf11·r.i.~~1 ~~-,;QJ ~3i'Cl'1C:'~3i'Cl~l1

dependence on mastery.
'13{'i'f flAj.-.Jq•1f:- ~ftc1flA1"i:,
,i:::·lft1 9~9""~·,c:·?r1 a;,;·QQ."':jc:·?r1 <!§~:. q~llflAl"i:, ~$11cll'j,
r.i.5·~ "-~·,c:·l:i'1 r.i.5·s '\"~·,c:·l:i'1 ~"1- fl;! fa cl Ii -irfi'r I
tJT'i'I' fl Al ""I <Pf - ~ft c1 cl Ii,
~"·~·,c:·~11 <I§~. c?i4c111. ~$11cll'j {!~
fl;!iflcll'j I
. . Fivefold category of excellence-
~:. fl$11%'1Q":, ~fl=i!-q,=li!=i!-cfi=.£1":,
Observing moral discipline,
~$11'1%"'-!~-t1fa I
Hearing many teachings, having
tJTi;I ~-1,f- '(i;q,(-q\.£1", clc;'11%'£.1,
efforts, having wisdom and
f1 $11 % '£.I, f1 % "%'"-T '1cf having mindfulness.
~$11'1%'£1" I
Five aggregates- Aggregate of
form, aggregate of feeling, V. ~ V.
aggregate of discrimination, '.:)"'::Ii\. '!ii<J\·69"' ci I ':j 3i. ci· ::!3i. 't:!"-1' £9"
aggregate of compositional Cl) 93i"'':!i\''t;!OJ'.l9"·t.J1 '<f"-',:\<>j''t\"-1'
factor and aggregate of cons-
ciousness. .l9"·ci~11
,i:::·ti'-~·1rl''i!'l 1!::l'Q'Qe;"'Clj <!'J'UJ"<!'J'!::l"-1 UJ<::'i\l
~9·i1 <!'J'~i:::·1 l"-1~11 l':!i\''t;!OJ'af9"·q1
lBl}'H·<li"'-11-11 '13{-.'I) q1-11:- 'lfrl:,
c-.,V.
£9"·ci1 ··r "-'::!3i''t:!"1' £9"'<1J "1C:'
-- r, ;;;.
::!3i'
'3 c; i!5 '.l.'t'.'J.C: ;. ,i ~ RI :. i!5 c: cfl. "IT<fT
't:!OJ'.l9"" Cl) ~"l '<l':13i. 't:!OJ'.l9".Cl~ll
'Afi'r I
212
Set of Five
'13{'<1 tlAJ~:- t14fi4<1,, c/JIC'1tl4<1,, ~ll~<lcl<ll~'i: ~ lf.>{'<1

~llfitl4<'\. ,~1'1fi4<'\. 4Rl'l<t- f.'t<1>1,i1:- ,11,:,~:. qsf<1Rl:.
~ ~I Fci~l'c'.:, qfo;ga:, f.rt-~~'<1Rl I
~11~<1<1<11<{) ~ <f> lfl'q
cf>lll*14<1, f.'t I ll - ,i I<.-«1, q!'5 ft1 Rl , fcl ~ I'<:'.,
'
4Rl'la,i4a,
' '
4 fo;ga <'Im f.rt-~ I
<)fcr I The five eternalist (non-
i:fi'<! ti AJ <\.- t1 4" A1 <t, c/J I"1,iA:1<1, Buddhist proponents)- San-
'
~11fi*1A:iq, <'111:!T khya, Brhaspati, Visis\a,
4Rl'l<tfi4q I Pai:idita and Nirgrantha.
<lT
a,:,,·i/·2!.'r:r1 Q,:,,·•r\,:,,·ilJC:~''li'~"C:°i'~~·
cfilll*1A:1<1, !.161°1-~,,
'
4Rl'l<1*1A:1<1. !ii ?! " A:i a '
<'Im "''i"'"!:]1 ! ~·°i~-arc:~·'li·~·c:°i·~~·"''i"'.
The five excellences- Of dharma,
!:] 1 SJ(°i·i:i,:,,·"'~·s'i''ic:·'l~~·i:i,:,,·ilfc: ~· 'li.
time, teacher, place and retinue. ~-c:°i·~~·"''i"''!:] 1 SJ(°i·r.i,:,,·"'~·.:i·s 'i"i:i·
OR
Of body, abandonments and 'jC:'!:]~~ 'r.i,:,,· ilfC: ~· 'li"~' C:°i'~ ~ ''\'i'\' <I 1
accomplishments, retinue, field
and emanation. ii]C: ~·'\'4"- '!:Ji'\'11
31'11•11'11 lf31'q\,[f- 3Ff1-!14R-
slll·~·r1 "'F"'·ar1 ~·1t1 ~"'-~1 ~111·
Plc114t. '344u4Rf.'lc114t. m-
'
111:y:i1 ~·,:,,111~·~11 ,i,-c/Ji-!4Rf.'lc1\li"I, ~ -

lf<I 1Ji:1=- 'cfw,
4Rf.'lc1\4T. ~ ~ I
'<' il c/J '1. ~ <El <'I I I lfTil Y ~ ,i,- 31 "<1x14RPIc1141.
lfrq ~ - - 'c/w,
' '344u4Rf.'lc114\ ~-
q Rf.'lc1llll 3RP1fi~ i-!4 Rf.'lc1\<i"I
~ zci ~i!E!C'11 I
<'111:!T~I
Five symbolic ornaments-
Wheel, earring, necklace, The five never-returners- The
bangle and belt. never-returner who attains
liberation in the intermediate
a·~Ol·r.iq·f;"l'<l"-'fl'<IQ.'{"l·~·~·r1 '!le:~· state, the never-returner who
attains liberation as he is born,
~°i'<.11 ~,:,,·~·r.i1 S'!:!"]'"11 ~"]'<l'~°il the never-returner who attains
111i,:,,-~·i:iif11 liberation with great effort, the
never-returner who attains
liberation without great effort
213
Set of Five
and the never-returner who f.1~11'11 ill'11'11, fctql, ~ it

progresses higher. f.1~11'11 ~'11'11, ~ ~ 1=R
f.1~11'11 ill'11'11 10i ~ cfi ~
s'";il·C:c:·..a·1:1.s.,·ir~·1 <11~"1"·~-~"·"-iif1
cfi ~W1' f.1~11'11 ill'11'11 I
'll~'ll""al•\~"-"'Sll oJ.fr:::·lo,·~·"1 ';!"' The five distinguishing features
in archery- To hit from a great
~~-roJ(-i'~3J·~·s~·<11 ~·afr:::o,·~·~,;· distance, to hit without
~
'-1"-11 perceiving it, to hit with great

force, to hit at the vital point
tf3{il 31'11 ' II ~ Qi <'I I f.'I '<'> 41 4 and to hit at an object with
'II R'I 'Fll'IIJ{I, ' 111G-1"!'11
~ 31'<'>414 "' 111'11, ~ sound.
~ : . ifill1f11!fft, ~ - "-~"i·aio,·~1 ~·1s1 !"''JI ~isr:::·1 ~<11·li1
4R01a~i1R1 1
~
-qr'q 31'11 •I i>fl Q>cil-
~ '
'<'> 4 I4-
~a;,·! o,·~1s·<1i{II
~ 31'<'>414'11G-i'F11'11'11,
'II fi'J '1'11'11'11, '"' ~ 45!il <1>1R-;;11fa1 WR'!:. ~:.
'
~. ifill1·Hl!fft ~ ''il'ft11:, ~:. ~ I
311'.).4Ru1a I l:flil ~I'll'- WR'!, \-\ GI~. 'l'fTlf\11.
The fivefold results of Never- ~ "('['1.11' f.RT$T I
Returner- Never-Returner who Fivefold spiritual activities of
migrates to the Form Realm, Buddha- Activity of peace,
Never-Returner who migrates to activity of increase, activity of
the Formless Realm, 81:stowing power, activity of wrath and
peace in this life, physically spontaneously arising activity.
making visible and wholly
change of life-span.
is·~c:·~1 1s·ul·~·~1 ~·1s1 i{'oJi i!.1",J
1:1.oic:·~·"IS·"·~1 !r:::·~r:::·"i"'"-oi'll·<11 Ei· ¥-'11

TJ't: ,;n'ill: q 51 ii llGf2fl:- <'1'@1,
ci,l,; ·'"" ·ci,?;i<11'<11 '"'".,.~a;,·?.Jo, oi"<!]· <1 I
·ci, '
~ ~ ,,.
'
'rl'il1'1., ~. Ojq.-flci'i, -.-;ju
'
<11-i'\'~·a.<il<!]'<II ~-Sl"1"'r.J"'"-'l'1l''J,, 11 i1fu I
TJTl1 ~ "lfl'<l 'llil ~ - c'ITT,
El:!,~1'.11111: 4~~ 'f<l'<'l41fal-
ffl. ~. 'ii:Rll'1 "('['1.11' ~ I
~ . 311!J.""ltj.-;'1'1.. c;_d~i51Rat. The fivefold product from cow-
~ . ~l«;tj\c1i i1fu I Saliva, dung, milk, butter and
Ef:!,fflW ' ~ TITil ~ ('f<l '{q q )- curd.
~ fr f.1~11'11 ill'11'11, ~i-;'11~['11
214
Set of Five
s:;·iq·il1511!1''\1:1q·t1 <13i';i ·:i·3l'\1 .f13i';i'

~·~1 ~'\''l.l°"-11 ~\CJ'CJ'"-'i!J\ aJ(3i'CJ'"-' ~"l'CJ\ '\9'<11 ij3i'il"I\ ;1a.·1·~:;·CJit11
'l.~CJ'CJI>,' ~\r:Jit11 lp{'<l if1 ~ fl ct-<11 :- 'jf.'14 <'I:.
'(ji';l•{'r, fl"j<i,:, '
dl-Jli';_tild"l:,
3Fuxl"l<l t'll lp{'<l q,i f,i 1:-
fl 1-J 'u I c1 <'1'1 i/> ~tj I
J:f'll'llq:. Tf,'t[c[:. "1 cl i/, I'f. ~ -
tfr"'q ~ - 1f.'14<'1. '<j,C:l'u,
1=[c!:, w'i f.'l 4fM-.i cl ~'<1 fa I
fl "(!<&. c'1 I-JI' qt1 Ic'1 '1 ';cl ,i 1-J 'u Iq-
31'uxl"l<l ~ qfq q,if,i ~ .
c'IT I
'T..:m. "1'1<1>11-J, ~ 112!1'
The five Bodhisattvas- Sunir-
~I mala, Sudanta, Samsuddha,
The five synonyms of the Tamodghatana and Samantava-
intermediate state- Mind- loka.
arisen, smell-eater, seeker of
existence, intermediate state and s:;·i•ril111111·'\&:1~'f;ll11!1'~l ~:;·~'CJ\ '1)3i'
formative existence.
<1'"-'ij'CJ\ CJ~3i'&:I\ "lll]'~!;'CJl \"i''\!;'
if3i·1111•1r'f',!.{ <ll!l'tl Si!Jl!I 'CJ' i 3i'2ia.. '\9:;l!I' CJ' ~q·.:fc. l!I' CJ'"-'Cl.~"l'CJit11
{CJl!I\ UJ'~l!l'i3i'2ia.'{CJ1!1\ q·CJ'i3i·2i1l.·
lp{'<l <11 ~ fl«il ~ -s:. ~ - ~-
f CJl!I\ i"i'CJ'i3i·2ia.·{ CJl!ll o.J<;l!l'CJ'i3i' 'i/,l'Cll, Rl ll c11 Ra 1. ~ - :fld'-
ts: «1 a I, lll'lfRT~
2f1l.. f CJl!I 'CJill!I '.:f11
~I
<11 '1 q xAl'{ 1'jfl I~ o I lp{'<l ii <'I I f.! ~ ~ tJT"'q ~"'1'-
1-J ta: I 4~ ll ii <'11-J, , 1-J ta: I $11'1 ii <'11-J ,
' '1-J'm- 31 ji/> "11, Rl ll q IR(-tj. tl'Ral.
~I lf.d ii <'I'\, 1-J ta: I c; I"iii <'I'\. ~1-1=ts:1~,i=a-
jcltl ta: {d d I ';cf ~-
,rc;i ~ I
f.'11-11 'c1 '1 aI I
<IR q '{Al'{ I ~ 31 '1,fl I ~ trr'<l
if<'I- 1-J ta: 14 ~ ll "if<'I, 1-J ta: I$11 'i "if<'I,
The five signs of Bodhisattva-
1-J ta: I~ 11 f.'a "if<'I, 1-J ta: I c; I'1 "if<'I 112!1'
Being compassionate, having
1-J ta: 111 c'1 "if<'I I affectionate speech, stablity,
The five forces according to liberality and unraveling of the
Bon tradtion- Force of great meaning and profound thought.
loving kindness, force of great
wisdom, force of great peace, S1511!1'i'1!1·~·~1 t<1{"i·sai1!1·<1·ai9"i·lil!I'
force of great giving and force i!Jl(\ <JI>.· CJ~ "i'qtl!I'ai(3i -~ll] l!I' ~ ''\:;·1
of great spaciousness.
215
Set of Five
&i '~'*"'11 '\':!"'l'&J~Q.'~&J''>.5.'\1 11,l'~'\' The fivefold powers mentioned

for Mind-Training- Power of
~&l'l>.5,'\''\C:' J ~'\'.lJ'&l'<J,'511,l'.ijfll seed, power of thought, power
q51_il 'lt~ll'll'lf:- 3W1f1'llll"1<1>1,:, of refutation, power of
habituation and the power of
•t-511"1<1>1'<:, ~ : , wt-
prayer.
~ : , 0ct1,<1·--:l5l_'<1ffi I
~ 4~ ll .t lJT'il' ~..\!l- 3W'r- '\r:JC:'&1(~·i1 '!j~'!j"'l'~~-'\r:JC:'&1(°'11 ;·
=ti='l~11~1"1..c·<1>=1'<, {);?! Io1 it> I( 'lU!Rf-
fcliM, ~ TI:m "'~"'i''\<lC:'&1(°'11 ~-"'~~''\<lC:'&1(°'11 (
'3 ct1 , <1 0-5l I ~°'i''\<lC:' &i(°'i1 ~'!j'"-~°'1''\<lC:'&1(°'1·~11
The five works of Mititreya-
Omament of Clear Realization -q3f'<l'
, m®c'll'8:rn 'l I 01 I f.'t- "11!-
(Abhisamayalankara), Orna- !l If@ \.I ('{II(! \.1111 a I'\. ~I«;~ I f@!.I c{la'f-
ment of Mahayana Discourse ~ '11 u1'1, <T-£.1~ lf@!.lc{IIH\.l'll"l'l,
' '
(Sutralankara), Clear Distinc- ,ti !l If@ \.I ('{1/H \.I 'l I"l'l '<'!.I <cell~ I~
'
tion between the Middle way ~IH\.l'll"i itfu' I
and Extremes (Madhyantavi- lJTil' m'l!-Yc'll'~ '11lfOT-
bhanga), Clear Distinction "'q~ 115<1> ~a, \.1111°1, ~l«;~li,cl>
between phenomena and their
~a, \.l'll"I, <T.£.1~ 115<1> J;l\'[fe'f
reality (Dharma-Dharmatavi-
\.l'll"I, ,ti!llt, ~a, \.l'll"I TI~
bhanga) and The Sublime
Cotinuum (Uttaratantra). ~t<ccll~ll5<1> ~a, \.l'll"I I
Fivefold direct perception: That
of- Apprehension of colour,
apprehension of sound, appre-
- -
'!l r:] "'l ! ....__
'!) &J llol ' t,J"' .'!l r:] "'l ! - ~-
t "". OJ &J '·~( '!l <J 11,l'
hension of smell, apprehension
of taste and apprehension of
tangible object.
a\'11
'\r:ic:·?f i1 .i'!J·ilj ''\r:ic:·zr, ~-r:ia·'\r:ic:·li'1
~f<!i ~ n'cl .'J '3 ~<:'I ft5l <1 I f.'t 'P{il'
ii <:'11 f.'t- <1"1 "1 iful-
-., ' '
t1 1'1 ol oi itfu' I ~11
~R,~1)ER" ~ --i~Rsla lllil' 'P{il' m l l I f111- <11§.Rf.'i:11'\.
Y<l>R' ,t i@'- <il"1ol"1,
,!,fJ c1 f.'i: 11 'l, .--i IRFB f.'i: 11 '1., ~ -
311~111<1"1, fc1<ttj"llol"1, ~ f.'i: 1111, it> I~ f.'i: li itfu' I
'
TI211~1
216
Set of Five
llhr m"lf- 'tl~Rf.i:11, <IJE;,''il

'11~ctf;;11, Ftlf'\~f.i:11 am
t'"~'i·~·r.i.51~·~1 i:i "i i:rr·?Ja.r.i.51~·~1
1li Ill f.'i: <1 I
Fivefold sense faculties- Eye i~·~·~"i'CJc\·r.i.51~·~1 ~'"1'~8i·~·r.i.51~·~1
sense faculty, ear sense faculty,
nose sense faculty, tongue sense 5l"J.1:11\.r.i.51~·~~11
faculty and body sense faculty.
~ lf51, ii 141'.1 '!,- -,fta-i1 q, c'I '\,
~E;,'<1.1'".,~I i:rr~i:rr~1 ;1 ~, (1 ~i:rr· ~a-<1 q, c'l 'i . ~ C"l qi i'.T<i, q, c'l 'i .
' 3 '
31 ~ ,1:J.C: Iclct<li ~ '!.f<"-cl q, c'I'\, •-
S~ll $1 I'1 q, ~ '4fc'r I
qf
lp[Tf 1-ftRl<1>1f.l- ~. ~:.
' ' f.1t.1.Fi;ll>c'I'\. ~ . ~ -
7,.£:1:, ffi:, +>!tecl.i '4fc'r I Fcl Iilill> c'l 11,'!.i
Fcl .<11'
\ I-
ilil'!.ll>c'l'l,4
, '
q'rq 'I-ft Rl q, lJGTl!.f- ""'· ~. i:i,c'i itfc, I
TRI, ffi am ffi teui 1
q'rq 1I<lil'x "if> ~- -,fta-i1 q, c'I,
Five tangible objects arising ~a-<145c'I, ~-llili<i<i,ll>c'I, ~ -
from elements- Form, sound, c; 1c1 cl o1i ~ '!.i '<'-cl q, '" am '!.i 4,., ,., I'1-
smell, taste and tangible object. 1:f>c'I' I
~r:;,·,:ra\'i·~-~I ( ,,c.·i:i·~!) ~1 ~I
~, ~r:;,·, 'i"""f~ll ilil"<ll>c'I,
""
iq '!.i.111' ' I q, c'I I
~TI' 'ltff'{t'11 f.! 'I~, 3fl1T:. Five types of result- Result of
*'r: , c1"8:, ci:iT'I' '4fc'r I learning, result of no more
llTf '1511ld- ~ ' i:ifc'I, *'1', learning, result of becoming
cfT':; am 3111p1~1 1 Self-Buddha, result of
becoming irreversible Bodhi-
Five elements- Earth, water, fire,
sattva and the result of
air and space. Omniscience.
<l.!l~-~~I §j<rCJc\·r.i.51~·~1 al·§fi:rCJc\· OR
Causally concordant result,
r.i.51~·~, ,._r:;,-~r:;,~-~~-~·r.i.51~·~1 ~·,al· owned result, result caused by
effort, fruitional result and
~'ff"CJc\·r.i.51~·~1 ~"~· ;s"i'"~'i'CJc\·ci:!· result of cessation.
~~-~·r.i.51~-~~11
217
Set of Five
The five human castes- Warrior

caste, priest caste, merchant
!:!'\'al'\ I t o,·i!J·&l"i·CJ~II caste, labourer caste and tartar
1J3l"'if 31 ~ I cl di I f.'I c/ ~ - 3ffill'(.
caste.
lfW'[, ~ . ffi, ~ I il'lll'1)3J'CJ''\r:; '3J'1)3J'<IQ,'~r:;·q-~, ( il·,1110,·
GR 1" "'I" ~ \ifR 4l •ll lll"'if
c/ ttl,1! ~ . "'JU, fcr,r, ffi ~ r.iS,·~r:;·2r~J) ~"l'~i!JO,[ ~r:;·?:a,~"il
3TtJlr I ~O,'",CJ[ ~i!J'CJ",' ~"l'CJ[ ~i!J'CJ",' ~"l'CJi\'
The five articles, which are not
fit to generosity- Arms, wine, u) ·~ .,.~·::ii:;.<i"· ~. 'i!~!l
poison, woman and anything
that is not of Dharma. 1J3l"'if 3lfl '1 fl '1 t<f,.\c.[f: (1J3("'if
3H:fl o I t<t>.f.11: )- ~f) c1 f</J'tf:,
ori'\·~111e1·~1 r:;,iy'\i:l"i[ ~i!J°'''\<l"i[ l ~ . t f : , Q$11f</J"T:, fc1:l,f4cl-
~.t[:, fc1 :!,f4cl $11 '1 «fi '£1 ~t1 ~ I
';!"I ~'\'111""ll ~r:;·~111·CJ~.,·~11
lll<f lI<l>R ~ 3H-l '1 I '1 fl '11 '1
1J3("'if 'i I '14 '< "l '<I:- cJ Ifrcl f4cl 't, t<f>.f.l (lll"'q 31a:ftur ~.f.l')-
fil rn fc1 fc1 c/<'l'i, '11 ll Ic/> Ill:, ~ : ,
'
~n c1 «I, .\of, fl '11 itl f<lj .\of,
~~~,1=ai<il=~t1i>l~c> I Q$1 lf</J'Ef, fc1 :l,f4cl f</J-'cl nm
lll'<f 1fl"t!-~q~~A.J~~I'"\!. - q[c/,- fc1:l,f4cl$1H- ~ I
'
fc1Fc1crr1, ~-fc1Fc1crr1, 'lllllc/>lll, Five aggregates of the equal to
~ nm ~'l'i<il 1 the unequal one (The five
Fivefold mother-Iineage- aggregates not liable to
Isolation of speech, isolation of destruction)- Aggregate of
mind, illusory body, clear light moral discipline, aggregate of
and union. concentration, aggregate of
wisdom, aggregate of thorough
i!S,·~111'-~J ~<>l~llj°'[ 9oJ·e!i\·~9°'[ l liberation and aggregate of
seeing the wisdom of thorough
~9"1 '\i!Jr:;.,·~9"1 9\"l·CJa·~9.,·~rr
liberation.
4 ~'-q. ! ,'1..f bll <Ii <'II f.'1- , "1 c/J
1 "1 '1,
..:i, ..::,,
i!·CJf'\'CJQ,'!"i'~'I '\'ll'i!Jr:;·'.:i·"-~"-.CJf i9·
~161"1'!J.c1't, ~~ll'!J.c1't, \[(;igc1't,
0
i:i I o;s I c1'!J.<1 't1R'r I CJ~"l. '\r:;·.i ·CJ~·CJ ·a,'4 "l. CJ"-·a,~"-· CJ r "-S·CJ'
lf:!"bll' '!l;<'f- ~-<g<'I.
lfl"'q
°
~ 161 1-'PC'! -:> ' ~-'PC'!...:) ' 9Tr.-'PC'!
't,."" ...::)
i!Jr:;·J·"'~"' r "-~\CJ~"i·J·~ .,.s1·CJ·i!Jr:;·J·
218
Set of Five
"'~ "-'CJJ .f\'CJQ,'Q, 9''j 'C:.'3i' ~c:.·~· ~-r:i,_· The fivefold miseries- Misery
arising in mind, lamentation,
"'~"' 1 causing hurt to the body, being
3l~: {!3{T.f GT'ilf:- ~1-g;qf%:. mentally tortured due to desire
~:~:. fi1'mGt11qf%:. if>1c1t,~1 and insuafficient of wealth.
fiffit11 ~:. 'N"ll1'f1~
5,' IR, :! \if"'! -trfc'r I "" C'\v" - C'\-
3le-t If.a ,t llTT.f GT'ir- ~JIT c!ft !'CJQ,'tii\'"li!J 1 Y'i'~<>i·;lJ· ti-i'<>ii!JJ "Jc:.·
'[I;&. ~:<![ i:;ci ~ tj '[!;E. 'i9''lQ,' tj°','<>ii!JJ tl°i
C'\....,., -
<>ii!J' -.«°','C-.:ii
J' ~. ~"'- 11
fc1 iU Gt1 I tj '[I;&. if>~ <It t-11 c/, 'f1'm
~ c!ft '[I;& nm 'FI! cl, 45li1fct\cl' Yfbll'.!11'1_ R!tt11tc1IC:
Y~illt1, ~ tj \if"'! I ~~ ,, ' l l ' c l ,, , -
The five fold fault of lacking ~ - ~ - 'l'ITT-
patience- Increase in enemies, ~ -trfu1
increase in suffering and
. . . .
'lT'il Y'if>R '<t yfi}im.y- Rl@l-
mconvemence, increase 1n ~ - ~ . 'lTcR-
separation, causing one weep ~- ,11-<1<!i ~ nm
'
with repentance and taking birth ~I
in the unfortunate realm after Five types of prayer- Prayer to
death. generate the bodhimind, prayer
~"ii'~! oli!J~'"l'~f'-i\'~'CJJ c:.9·~-~- for good rebirth, prayer for a
better environment, perfect
it.9~'"-\ii'<lj ',,!~'"1'9~'j''l' fil 'i'<lj prayer and the great prayer.
(;;,·~ lllll'~'Q!llCJ'S'~I ~ ai ~- r:ifil 'i' ~-'4'li.
r:iit11 ui'5i':i'3i'CJJ <>1;;,·~9·r:ifil'i' l I ol ai"· Q;;,·

lBl,il Fct q: ~rif>:-
' ,,.,____,,. ' '
l"Ctrn ~llif>ltclli:;:, i"l·al·fc:.·r:i1 af9~·9~"l'CJ~9~''ll ;;,9·
fi1"11Y:, ffl c/iteltclli:;:, c/iltj1
2f/:\.i'"I' CJ~. i c:.' ~c:.. 'i"l"'. 2f/:\' i'"l'CJ~.QJ'
i:r,,:t11{1'j, ~ I
q['ij Y'if>R q', ffl'if>- furn tj
Wcfi '3 tcl "'1 6RT, fc1 C'f Iq c/i, '11,
--
~CJ''l"-11
ffl 'c/iT 'c/,1'ic iRT. if>J1'f cl, i;i fb 1~ Rn-a 'fll {!3{T.f ftnm:-
cfilx"I 'll1ffi<!i "'1l 'ff 4~~t1 ~ aJj~ifll'-ll: fl-N"l't.
N'1T nm 'tT"f-fi "-1 Fi't1 ~ n q ":!§et:). R!tt1ltcl I<::, fi tti'l 111 '1
'
31qR,'-ll'I: &'-lfil'+11xl"II 'fi'il'[[:
N'1T I •
219
Set of Five
il«IIR < qRc'll\J".!1 9~·111 ·9a;l!l·~1 <il·t:Ji ·9'.ic:.'1:Jf ~r

~::gifu1t1'lfoli ~ I
~ 111 ·~c:.·1:J1 ~"i·1·111,c:.·1:J1 i{9·ti"i·~n
Y~-R!ctl '<tt tITil" ftri:rnt-
~ -tt 3lj~if11 cfiT fl-j\/01 ll'3{'r'I 1{!,<i. I~ '1 :- 3T"i[ITT'
 x'11, \.I fi'I R_ '1 c/, u: +Jsffi
# m:, '/j1_~II:, ~c;~\-11:,
ftrrn cfl'r <fi> ~ '11'1 I, f1 «<1\ "i!>T 31 <!> f.'! t\'l I ~ 'cl fi'I I
q Rc'll I' 1 .-J"tt <1> x-11, Gl" w>m'f lJT'r'I 1{!,4' l lfl- 3fi[5, 31'<'11!,
cfiT f1 il l1 x'11 ~ il"R ~ ~1.~I. '§,t;~\'1 Tim 3li!>f.'lt\'l I
cF'lT "i!>T q Rc'll I' I <ITT"c't ~ il"R Five pure celestial abodes- Not
~wrr#~m1 great, without pain, excellent
The fivefold precepts of the appearance, excellent percep-
Wishing Mind- Being mindful tion and heaven beneath none.
of the benefits of Bodhicitta,
reaffirming the Bodhicitta 9!'11'~,;.·,:~, 9{9'9~,;.·9)9111 ''\"!"l
resolve six times a day, not 9{9'~J\'~'"1'\f 9fll'~"-'~<J' ~OIi
neglecting sentient beings,
accumulating the dual merits 9f11·~:i;·/'1,1:J:i;·::i1 9~·~:i;·~,;·~<{11
and abandoning the four
q 5\ il ".., fl"' <J..t;"T:- '3 ruh q Ria Ia-
negative conducts and being
'CP-1':, RI 'l c1'1 ruh q:, '3 ruh q RI "1 ~1.
trained in the four positive
'3 ruh q c;,q I<'I:, '3 ruh q <!?l <'I q,~tj RI I
conducts.
lJT'r'I '3 wfl 61 <J,,i:i- '3 ruh q Ri <'11<4
IIJ~·~·~&l'"'~I '?ll!l·~·'\''l'"l c:.9·~·'\9· 'CP-1'. RI 'l C'll ruh q, '3 ruh q RI "1 l.fl,
'3 ruh q 'Jtj I<'I <4'\!ll '3 ruh q ~ <'I I
'If cll'\-~''\9''1! ::i~"i''Jf'l.''\9''1! ~3.·
Five U~l},I~a Buddhas- U~l},I~a-
'\9'qi{ll sitatapatra, Vimalo~1.lI~a,
U~l},I~avijayI, U~l},I~ajvala and
lJ'3{ 'r'I fc'IEj :tit 'i'I SJ_- <!> Il1 ~ ft il 't, Usnisakilaka.
r11<nflil'l, 'l"l~~ftil'l, x,,;q~ftil'l,
'
311q~~ft'Tl1 °tt o1 ~"i' 'J>;'ai'C:. l!I ' ) \~-1'1.f:i;·a:fi ~ c:. ·9,;·
:g<i. a 1, ~ -tt :g<i. a 1, -,,., -tt
'1<i. <'11, 'ffc'll' °tt '1<i. <4 I ~ i:n;fi l 1!1'~·1'1.f"·<>i'i ~·1:J:i;· 91 oi· w.l.· l'1.f:i;·3i1
°tt '1<i. <'11 I
Five types of purity- Purity of
a
9111 c:.· 9"il!I' ~·::i~ · c:.·~ ·l'1.f,;·~11
body, purity of speech, purity of q 5\ ii 't.<'f il ii> Ifcl 1- '3 ruh il +m-
mind, purity of truth and purity x,GJ tl ifi 'l, '1li11l1i '1-ll'ltlifi'l, ~
of water. " ' '
220
Set of Five
'tl ,j il Th '\, '1J'l1'r f.'l l-1 \ oIil Th '\, 1Jtl)- ' '
ffl 'tii!!l q Ic1 il ib 'Elfi'r I !Tu <l I~ft c1 cf14'1, 31 fcl q Ic; q"j 4'1,
q'j''q '@" "'ifll>- l-1«-lc/i if lfITT- 31c1.1R1~c!iq"J4~. 31*1.cgtcq"Jti i1ftr 1
q'j''q l]<l>T'( ~ cf'rlf- {j "11 g
{:ii!!l il Th, .fun if 'l-fl ' I il Th, ~ if
£1 IJil Th, "'1Wf if f.'l l-1 \ oIil Th c'Pm
(c1'1c1t1J cM. !Tu111~ftc1 cM.
31 fcl q Ic; cfpt, 31 ell R1 ~ c/i cfpt <'1":!!T
~ if 'tii!!l q Ic1 il Th I
31 *1 "g'<'- cM I
Five fold root Wheel s- Wheel of Five types of effort- Armour-like
bliss at the crown, Wheel of effort, effort of application,
enjoyment at the throat, Wheel relentless effort, effort of not
of Dharma at the heart, Wheel turning back and insatiable
of emanation at the navel and effort.
Wheel of sustaining bliss at the <5'~'~°i·~-~~·ci·~1 ~~~-~~I c!l~-~~~I
secret place. -::, -:::.v. ....,.. ..... 'V'
~i;-"1·111·._~1 ~·&"1111 "l"l·-1~·~11
f'l:l<S.\t:.'~I ~"l·'l.~"il ~"i-~I IS':rs~I
451i! 3111'll"1$11-11Pt
'
qRfm....-i
111~•rs~1 ~·;.;)"1·af11 $11 '1 '1, lfr[:1:l"frai I $11 '1 '1, c; ~j '11
' '
f.'! <l i'1 $1 H '\, tefcl"'Rl""Fcl,~ct=i~I$1=1=1~'\,
45\il~EII: 't.l'l<ll<l<I:- ~IOlclllJ,
fi'rui I$111 'Elfi'r I
i3C:1'1cllg:, Fcl~c1c11g:, *1'11'1<llg:,
lllYJ 31111W'T "$1T'1"- q RRu . . -i $111.
31q11c11g~i1R'1 I
lJrf 1:l"frai I$111, c; ~f 11 f.'! <li'1 Wo!,
q'j"q 'l<l>T'( c6t '@" (ul) I ~ )
fcl RJ Fcl, Ri I$111 <'!:!IT fi'rui I$111 I
<lnJ,- m ~ Bc:11 ~ fcrrq Five types of invalid cognitions-
cfP1 *1 l1 11 c!T'.! <'!:!IT m c!T'.! I Subsequent of presumption,
Five principal winds- Life inattentive perception, indeci-
supporting wind, upward sive mind and distorted percep-
moving wind, pervasive wind, tion.
equally abiding wind and
,c,i-~111~·~11r~1 ~"1·111·"1~\"l 111-~~·r.J,;·
downward moving wind.
.:i·iil "i'" I af"l'""'·,:i,"l ill 111·"1 &~ ·.:i-~~·
1:!f°i'Q.~~·~1 zif ~1:l:<:Jf"i''l.~~I j,;·<:Jo:
"I ~i;·.:)·~i;·<:i~I]
<:Jf~'Cl.~~I ~111·r.r~~·"1:l:<:Jf"i"'l.~~1
"lt:.'"il
al· ~"l'"o_·qg~·Q,~~ I ~"l"""''al·~~·
'l;°i·"a.-~"1-~111~ I ,;i:.·<:i~"i·~-~"l-
""'.111~~'""'. J·q~I I
221
Set of Five
ry'lj"l'<J".'~QJ' a.JOJ 1 "-ij"J'<J'aJ1'<J".'~0,1' Five types of moral disciplines

(precepts)- Not killing, not
~a.JOJ'Cl,IOJ'~ll stealing, not indulging in sexual
CIJC.'5,1 misconduct, not telling lies and
not taking alcohol.
ga;,·.i·1::.· ~a;,·.icl.· iOJ'~ a.iOJ I ci~1·.i·1::.· OR
Stable morality, natural
~a;,·.ia. '~QJ'~a.!Ol\ ci f-i'"-'/l"l'1::.· ~a;,·.ia.· morality, complete morality,
morality of realization and non-
~QJ'~ a.I'll ClOJa.!'ll]lj"i'1::.· ~·.ia.· iOJ'
deceptive morality.
~ a.JOJ\ ~ a,J',;ci·1::.·~a;,·.ifi:~"J'~ a.JOJ'~l I OR
Morality preoccupied by
q_.,p-,11'41c.f "'"""'l-q1011fBq1a- generosity, Morality preoccu-
Fc1,R1:. 31C:CT.11C:1'1fil,R1:, cp]l'f- pied by forbearance, Morality
fi'rvi ltj 1,fcl, !B:, 'iq l<l Ic; fcl, !B:, preoccupied by meditation and
'1(141'1Fcl,R1~'<1R1 I Morality preoccupied by
qf wisdom.
qf
~ --
"l"J·ci~::.·a.i I "''ll]''J'aj'Cl~::.·a.11 -
;,;1·.ia;,·
a.i~a;,·ci ~::.·a.i I lljlj \ 1'11"'' "- ~J'Cl~::.· a.I'
C:l'1f1E;•1a' ~n <ii '1,' ll1 If.'cH-H, ' Ia'
~n""'l. qll\tu,•1a' ci;sOJ·~11
tlll'1f1i,lla'
wrc'i ~ I 'P{'i'I wft>r-lfT '(-<l '(11 ~=- m
I) R, 1-l!T. fu.T-fi'r v1c'f- vPT- l!T.
ll''i'! ~- \l I fil Ii, c-,q I <liT rlTilT,
3l c; CT.11 c; I'1 <liT r1TI1T, c!> 111 fi'l V1 Itj "
fi'r-m c'IT-uM-'lT. i[Jqoi ~ -
vf'T-l!T. et-~ "il-vPT-l!T ~ I
<nT r1IT'T, ~ <nT r1TI1T crm
'1 (1 q l'1 <liT r1TI1T I
'IIT'i'I wft>r-lfT ~- m
I) R, 1-l!T, fu.T-fi'r v1c'f-vPT-'lT,
m
fi'r-m c'IT-vf'T-l!T ' mq '1 ~ -
~n
~cl <'11-1. <It R1ll ~n <it. qRq:o\ ~n '"· .
u)'lT-'lT crm et-~ "it-'iJPT-l'fT I
~ cf'11"1 31,'l!!~a~n<'I I
m Five Tsering-Ma Sisters- Tashi
C:1'1f1i, 1 1ct m. a11f.'at1tc:•1a Tshering-Ma, Thing-Gi Zhal-
zang-Ma, Miyo-Lozang-Ma,
m. qll\t1tc:•1a m. U11'1t1tc:•1a Copen Din-Zang-Ma and Tekar
m ~ \l$11t1tc:•1a' m 1 Do-Zang-Ma.
222
Set of Five
:o.·r:r~t a::o.·i:i· t"l·i:i ~~ 1 :<,·1:1·1:1~ ·1:11 aia:~·ai·~ar~l ':\~'j' ·1:1:<,·'l.~"-·1:1 ·ai~·

l:o.·1:1·1:17c:: f i!.l"I cl) 1·1:1~·1:11 o)'i·ai·i:i~· aJ l 'i c:.·i:i".'I.~"· i:ia.· &1a:~.i!.l l ~ ~.
1:1q11 'iaJ"l~' ~-i!.ja(~. i!.l l '11 C:·i:ia.. i!.ja(~.i!.l l
~G'll lp{~- ~:,(sjtji;;.-JI. ~ - 'i(~·2J·~·1:1~"1'<lQ,'i!.ja(~·aiq11

<1C:'11, ~ . -,,.,:<!j'1sl<1c;'11,
~ : '1sl c1 c; '11 i\fi'r I
"IC:'~1
lll"'if y ~ ~ ifG'll- ~ '1sl c1 c; '11, ~ "l' ~"'l.:'i ·1:11 ~·i:i· '/{ 'l1 "l['l'I. ~c:.·'I.:';." :
'!j'1sl<1 c; '11, -;Jq&, Ic1 c; '11, -,,.,,~-
cl c; '11 (l'lll ~ : '1sl c1 c; '11 I i!.1'<:a'.l .'II".'I.""· 1:11 i "l ";i ' 11 c:. ciq11
Five types of feeling- Painful lp{"'if f.'I fti rn I f.'1- ,1 kl "1 'il 11-
feeling, joyous feeling, neutral f.'I fl1 rn 11.' ~ fl Ic; 'il 11 f.'I fl1 rn 11..
(equanimous feeling), feelings 311 c;1 '1 c1 f.'I fl1 rn 11 . 311 "11 qi f.'I fl1 rn 11 .
of mental happiness and mental '
"'cl"'{1"°fi""qmom11-+"f.'l>+fi1cr.CT=ij ilfi'r I
'
unhappiness. qf
l:o.·i:ia·,c:.·?ia·~llf"''"'~f af:o.·1:1a.·~c:.·2J1 ij{lfilqilqil>/'j, l{~lqii<'j, <llW-

d Iqi Ix '1, cfNl-'3 wi:I "1 '1. fl c; IC'1l cfi
"l~ ·~"·~·&11,&1·~ 1·~·~"1 ta.·~c:·ci l i\fi, I
' '
~'ClQ.''jl:IC:''Jl !<,C:'~'i-~"·i:ii~·c.ia.·~q'll TJT"'if Bf.'lmfti'"=rn=- xi kl "1 '1111 f.'I r1 rn.

~ fl Ic; '1111 f.'I r1rn. 311 cfl.-J c1 f.'I r1rn.
™, ~C:'11M>"cl•l)-,11fol1- <1C:'11- 311C'1lqif.'lfl1rn ~ clx-~fiqo11
~ : . cl«).fl'1<11$11'1'1, ~ - f.'I r1 rn I
'11 ff! """'.q ~ l'JT,1- qil<'j, cfNl-'3wi:IC'1 ~ <1C:IC'1'1qi I
tj c; '11 f<l> .\cl', cl '1fl 'kl I$i I'1, "lc1'- Five signs- they are of: ever-
"[cf. '11 ff! <B f.i: ii d°m x<r-fl "1 R1- regretful, delight, flaws, appea-
~ ~ I rance and examining pheno-
Five phenomena on the level of mena.
the aggregate of feeling- OR
Aggregate of feeling, basic Analogous to mirage, analogous
wisdom of equality, water to smoke, analogous to sky,
element, ear sense power and analogous to lamp and ever-
sound within one's own mental apparent.
continuum.
223
Set of Five
&191e!'il1·~1 "l'<lel"i'"! i!J'<lel"i'"! "i'.ll' i!J~t:,e1·0:·,1·~&r<l'~l <l'j!!]'3l\CJ<:\'i!J~C:el'

i:iti!J·q·i:ie1"i·q1 "i~ ·"'5"1·~ ·"ia"\·a "i'CJ i q·~"il il!]·i:it"'·i!J~c:"l·q·~"il s·i:i·
~ '<l~"I' ~ I!] el' qq_· ~·<ll' Z::"\' ~&lei'~el'f-!I!]' i!J~c:e1·q·~ "i 1 "'"l·al·?, ·i:i·i!J~,;e1·0:·~"i I
§c:·i:ii\'n ~ '<ll el' I!]"\"\' qq_. s,;. ~i:i· ~&lei. "i qr.,,. 'jC:.
45lill·F'dllffill- r:1cj_c(U:. l-llc)_clU. i!J~C:el'CJ'~"i\i i

Jlt&u:. ~:. 01111•1acf>1il
'<1'101- <1xl <"'ll f1'1 d I,
'l,""'. Ri ct1 '() 1£1,i <"1 I c; ~ii fa I
'4nf 311 'l "'d if ffl- r:1 c)_l-1 Id,
"i,:i@f1l-ld I, c/i ,-1.1 f1 l--1 d I, f.'I &1 fca-
if>l,f1'1dl, ' 1£1
l-llc)_£Jla, 3!i,h,1-11a, 'fi'£J' .'i ~
;g Ic'l '11 zc/ o~ c5 cnTll ~
ilfc'r I
lllil' 1,j'<f>"R ~ tl'ldl- '1xl<"'ll-
~lcioi1q_4if> ~ f.'icf>lc'l'11 I
\!j 'i <11, "l,: i@ >:1 l--1 d I, cl)cll f1 l--1 d I,
Five boundless actions-
Patricide, matricide, killing a f.'I &1 f<'a if> Ix f1 l--1 d I zc/ d c; -I.I i./1 1£1'-
foe-destroyer, causing a schism f1 c'<i:l f1 l-l d I I
within the holy community and Five types of sameness- those
drawing blood from the body of are of· Selflessness, suffering,
a Buddha with evil intention. activity, not expecting a reward
and Bodhisattva based on other
i!J~,;e1·~·~&r<l'~'i!J~C."lf ~"11 "ial!!]el'<ll than those.
~i!J''ll 5e11 ~el'<l,'Sel'i!J~,;e1·0:i\'11
4"1_ 1'1 tl •-l,HJ,<I'd <f> I , I:- 3TitfR:, ae1·~i:i·~·~·"'~"' 1 t9 e1·<>ie1·~i:i·qa.·~·
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1JTil'
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,g ~ "
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~ cl.1 f1"" ';!c(fl I q51iJf1'lt11
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Five concomitant factors- ~ : ('ilci'114ic'l'1), ,,11ai1c;':ft(%:,
Comn1on base, common visua- l-i .--;l "11, ~ . q_4 if> If uII i;[l1(lT
lizatin, common aspect, ~ : ( if> lfvl I) ilfc'r I
common time and common tiril' 1.i'<f>"R ~ -:tt: f.& ,iT-
substantial entity. >i I c1 oi Iti ~ ~. v11a.?ic;
(q Rv11 a cti) ~ . (1.--;l et; 3TRlffi
n >lT'd' ~. ~ et; ~ ~
224
Set of Five
>!T'<'I~ ~ f-11-11.-j ~ 3i1<ii<'ll, ~ -

?flf.& I lffi'l'qITT ('fm ~ lffi'l'qITT I
Five types of miracle- Miracle Five faults of Calm Abiding-
achieved through meditation, Laziness, forgetting the instruct-
miracle achieved by birth, tion, dullness and excitement,
miracle achieved through tantric non-application of antidotes and
practice, miracle achieved application of antidotes.
through having medicinal pills
and miracle achieved through ~~·~&1·r.r~1 fil'~'<l\ i<!j'<Jt"l'<J\ ~"i'al\
past action.
<I 1 I
~ "'"'"''i1·<1· 1·"'1 ur"i·1"i·1~· ~"i·
(lfllr~51'~51''l''!\ ,"·1i:l"i l ~9''\<l"i l <l~ll
~"l"''\<l"i\ i~\9""1\ ~·,"'<J,"S""~ll lp{i:lf<ll'.I. 1H ·:Pl,- 3'f~. '.;:f&J:,
r.t tq "1 sfj 'l f'l q 51' i:I "sf>llT:- q;"J<:j - f.r:~R'i{i{UI:, 5.~t1Rt1t11;f1, 'l"lcll'j
fcl fcl cfd 'i.. cl Ir'ci fcl cfd 'i' . fc!rn- ~I
i-'fcl1+fcl'""'cfd~'1. ~ : . ~y~1,i~1i/i~1,i=~--"tj+-"R'l 1 'lTi:I gq,R qi ITT- ;,:r~. '.; w.
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Fcl Fil cfd ' cfTTT- fc1 fc1 cfd ' fc!rn- 'l"lcll'j I
'
Fclfclcfd. ~ ('fm 'illllcfilll I Five types of field (object)-
Five levels of completion stage Beggar, miserable, unsupported,
practice- Isolation of body, wrong-doer and knowledgeable
isolation of speech, isolation of or wise.
mind, clear light mind and
illusory body.
'\"l"<lll.'~"' f "i"<i\ <J 'lj"i'"''9"i"'"'l ~ii.·
~'IIJ"i"''lil'l~'~'~~·q·'!1 cil ·af1 il]'\"l"'
~ "'":!'"'~9'"'! 9"\"i'~'t~'<J~'<l~ll
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<If ai("i'<i"''"'~·s1·<1~ll {i<i;l-!~~1'11, ~ll·H.-iR~:.
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f-1 y I r\~ <& (-ll 1-j, 'll'i:I 'R-1lm>l- C'lTcfi ir ~ cITT
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~ITT:.~-
~ll{i.-j cF\ ~ (;,qfl;r:c ~
,m;,:T&i ~tj R'i I
W'{l!.f qi 'IT.,... m-
qj~fil<'.I 3'[~ '6"!T)' 'i;J'ffl ~ cITT
(311<'1fli). ;,q~~I cITT Filfli{UJ,
3lj{i{UI cfi{.-jl ~ ~ cfi ~
i!it,Gllt11 I
225
Set of Five
Five circumstantial endow- l!T.....- g~ q'i;R- ~'11"1,

ments (possessions)- Buddha's !.1$1141,f<ltll, ~ - ~ ~
having born in this world, his fcl.,ir I
having taught the teachings, the The five major treatises- Valid
existence of his doctrine, the Cognition, Perfection of
existence of his follower and Wisdom, Middle Path, Pheno-
being compassionate towards menology and Discipline.
others.
lilJl1·il'\·~·!1,;·?.f·,~:i ~c,i-~oJoif ~c::a·a.~°il
9~·~~1'1cil·~~·~1 9~·5oi~·il·af,::ti:l
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~OIi 9~·5oi·~'oJ")oJ"~'\·ti:)·~OIJ 9~·
S]c,i· Qq,' ti:) -~ OI -~-::JC., ~i f
5oi·~·~,;{9·ti:l-~oi1 9~·~oi-~·~·~criil·
tBf'q 31'11 tl <1 't<!> .\'.:IT: - ~~ "1 «Ii "-l:,
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Five uncontaminated aggre-
gates- Aggregate of Moral
W,,, cfii--llljl<ll1$111 11:m wf-
discipline, aggregate of concen-
tll\1$11'1 I
tration, aggregate of wisdom,
The five basic wisdoms- Basic
aggregate of thorough liberation
mirror-like wisdom, basic
and aggregate of the wisdom of
wisdom of sameness, basic
thorough liberation.
wisdom of analysis, basic
wisdom of accomplishment and "l'l"q·~ai·q,;·~·1 ~~-SIQ""ll oJffi°i"~'\·~oi·
basic wisdom of the sphere of
reality. Sl'l'<lf fil"QOl"SIQ""ll 9°\0l"<JOl'SICl""ll
9~c.-,:;.~-~l <E"'\oJI '4".5"il '\~",JI "§C."CIOl"SICJ'qqli

~ ~
oJ!('\ I "-5c,i·Qa. II tBr'i'!fll'EI '11"'1"i<f'l- ~ -
{13{"'<'1" Ylj,~ <l '<'I ·11 f.l-

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226
Set of Five
~. '3 c'1 fct·1' 11 l'lfnf ~ amusement and dance and

~ ~fc'a' 11 l'lfnf I drama.
Five types of profoundness-
"la1"l"l''J''.!.'I ~"l·r::i·~.si-Q·~11r~"l"' ~ ·
Profoundness because of cause,
Profoundness because of llj>lllj"l''J' ~- ~ 1 ~"l' ~ ,._.!'f~c:.·1 ~'lj "I'
characteristics, profoundness
because of birth, profoundness ~<>l·l:f1 ~"l'':l'"-3J'~c:.·CJ·~Ji.l·t~I ~.si·
·-- because of subsistence and
l.si·l.si~"II ~"1-~'lj"l .si·~·ci\·ci'o"l'"l'
profoundness because of emer-
gence. "1,i 'lj "I' 'J' ~~II
~"l''.!_'1 CJ"l3J'l:l]lj"i'~''l"l1 f3l'~''l"l1 "ir::: 'Bl'<f c;~f'11f.'I- c1>fi1Mclfn'1'1x'1.
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'11m '11'11~cil Y5ji1</,41'11"1ci-
~11 cl>IC'1~'<'1fa I
llfrl c;~f"I , ~ <'IT<!> 1l l;[q;c
q3{'<f ai1i,1-<1:- tlll'-lli>lx=.
~ ~ lJ..-f ~~ ct GT'<f
</, cl .g) </,Ix: 31TITT'(:, ~ ,ll I!5 b! ·,
c; ~ f '1 )- cl> fq C'1 q f1 '11 '1 </, '3'1
~ <nT m v!'ITT '3'1</,'I ~
fl1~1li,ix:. fi-.-'1af.'lc1>1i,1<: (.,.-,:-
xi-.-'1a'11i;1x) '<f 1
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~ m, "(ij 'h C'1 cpj m [0i f1 tj
'3'1</,l ~ ~ 211, ~llil'/1 c/,
3!Ti,R, cl> cl -sl </, Ix 3ITITT'(, ~ I'll I5 I(
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m cpj m
f0i f14 '3 '1 q,1 ~
~ m. '1t;1,i1111 '11'1ci> '11m <nT
Five types of diets- Diet of
meditative stabilization, coarse
m ~ ~ ~ 211
f0i,H1
diet, inner diet, diet of touch
\1211 1:fi1 q, q I11 cl5Tc'f <nT m
\Jl<! ~ ~ ~ 2111
and diet of wish.
The five observations of
{"l'"J'",~'t11"i'"l"J''.!.'l .si\·"-~"i-Q I ,;-<>l·af1 Buddha before he appeared in
this world- observation of the
a;"!-~"J'-11 r::i~~-"1~ 1 i "l''lj"-'Cl'o"l'~II
land in which he had to take
11c<1>t'll ll5{'<f 31'1'T@r- ~=. birth, observation of the caste of
fi•na,i,, ~: ' 1';1«1'1,' his lineage, oservation of the
'11cci>51'<'1fa I family of his birth, observation
' of the mother to whom he
11c:<1> ct 1lT'<f
31'11- ~ -
,i,na. ~. bl"«1 <'f211 "llc</, I
would be born and observation
of the time for his appearance.
The five parts of drama- Stage-
manager, music, costumes,
227
Set of Five
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'1il 41\1 Ia) : 'l .,t, ~ 1-J I<Fll II tin:- Five reflections- Reflection of
xf'T:, 31=$1~1'1='i, l'JR:, f1 <451 ll 1_~:, sky, reflection of wind,
31 •<'H.I Iio 1_ ~ ~-cl fa I reflection of fire, reflection of
"'1il'l ~ ~ 'll'i'J 'l'JT<Fll II Pl- water and reflection of earth.
xf'T, 3'1"$1"R, l'!R, ti <451 ll 1_~ elm 9il,911,1·il '\'"111'"'"-'t I i\'l'Slf"-''l"'"-'fil.
31'<'1~ lio1_~ I
Five delusions of the form aJal '\'~J'~'l'"'"-I ~aJ·~11,1·~·;sJ"'l,,·fil·Slal'\'
realm- Attachment, ignorance, ~·~aJ'"'"-I ~·<J.Jc:'il'\·~·fil·'lal'\·~·~SJ'"'"-1
pride, view of transitory
collection and the extreme view. ~'\il,,A;sJ'"'"-I "-zif9·c.il,,A;sJ'"'"-'c:i;,11,1·
91J,91!,1'fall!,I'~'~"i'51c.11,1' tt "-~\ .i;911,11 c:. ~II
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Five aflictions of the form ~I
realm- Attachment, pride, The five emancipations within
ignorance, view of transitory the Formless Realm- Emanci-
collection and aflicting doubt. pation of infinite space, emanci-
pation of infinite consciousness,
91!911,1',;r\"i'tf i\'l'Slf a,.9il,911,1·,.\'\ I emancipation of nothingness
~:::· ~·9 il,911,1·,;rt"i I ill,,·9il,911,1·,;rt"i I and emancipation of the peak of
existence and emancipation of
~l,,·91J,911,1·c:i~ I 11,1l,,·91J,911,1·c:it"i·~11 cessation.
9il,911,1·~c:,-~·f:911,1·i'11,1·t1 91J,911,1·~·~c:·l:f1
9~ ·~11,1·~·il·a:fc:· \jl'~l,,·ci:) ·~11,11 11,11,,'f'll!,IJ
228
Set of Five
Ill~'!l l!l'<lill!I. u)..,.~If

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q"'q <l><"'llDII:- '11'lcbMIUI:, "f,"q-
~:. "'q~Rf.'s:11'!. ~-
cbMIUI:, c1u\cnMl"I:, ~ -
tF<1fl: fil.l i5flc:i ~
cbc'l-1101:, ~faqfinc1>Ml"l~i1fa I
'"1l-~.\cl qi 1JTq "l"JT-.:i'-tfll-
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1JTcl 'l<li""R qi <"'I I OI- "'1T"!-
cbM10 I. "f,"q c/,Ml"I, qUT-cbc'l-11"1.
~-tTJTI. "'q~Rf.'s:11 Tim
~-cbc'l-11°1 ~ ~faqf<'d-
~-fl'fl fa <nT ,-i j.j i5 fl q I
cbMl"I I
Fivefold phenomena on the level
of form aggregate- Form Five types of goodness- Good
aggregate, basic mirror-like name, good form, good
wisdom, earth element, eye complexion, good confidence
sense faculty and form within and good accomplishment.
one's mental continuum.
11]~'-l!l'i.:,·t,·~1 { c;·i.:,·,:,,:ro,(3il!lf a.i ~· "'~i:rr l,., l!l'"J.'l/' r
<I ~"J ·~ 3J l!I ''f. <I j "J'
i.:,·~r *~"."'!'l'-'3Jf <l~"J·<la_.<E"J'i~· ~i:ril!l·31 t111·"'~"ir 'll·l3J·~rr
<i'r 111l!lc:· '!!"f1l!l·il!l.~..,_~..,·<lq_'lf ll3{'i;f 31<1'1'•11 11)1.u:- '111:. ~:.
'P("'if 'Ji,IE!li(Df)cp1f:- 'Ji,lf1i5'<j- f1 <'tjo I'i~:. ~h 61~<14<.l 'l~\:,
~'J~'1I, '1151'119,{1, ~fati,I, "fi,T- fc1 ~ fcli c'{i I ~ I
~h<ic1'11 Tim 'li,l'l..-::llj<HRuh I lJT"'q 31<1'1'1.Jlll)lj- '17T, ~.
"Cfrq 'l!'!IEll,ol) cflf- 'li51f1!5'<l- fi<'tjol/1 1~. ~h61~<1Yxl'l~i ~
~'l~'11, 'li,1'119,{1, ~fati<.I, "fi,T- fc1 ~ fcli c'{i I I
~h<ic1'1 Tim 'li51'l..-::lljc11Ruh 1 Five delusions within the Lower
The five great Dhiiranis- Realm (Desire Realm)- Desire,
(Retention Formulas)- M;ha- hatred, view of transitory
sahasrapramardana, Mahama- collection, view of holding
yurI, Pratisara, Mahasitavana wrong morality and ascetic
and MahamantranudharL practices as supreme, and doubt.
229
Set of Five
"l",'"l"1' l"'~l @'<JJ -J,~·c.p,·@·Q1 UJ,:;.' smell, direct mental perception

of taste and direct mental
'\"1'<1"-'@'<JJ ",Q'".i@'<JJ C,l!>l'<l",'@'Q' perception of tangible object.
!J<>i!>l'"lf 1 ell'\·'\!\~! @·~<6'a,·ai'\·c.ia:ui'\,~'\l @'
ll31,-il ~ II i!sl I cl"fl : ii Fil ii :- -il , oI cl 1':f , ~£a,·'\,:;.·Q,111a.i·<J/.l.·u)'\·'\s'\1 @·~,$'.,, ~
fcl iN oIcl I':),:, ,i :j,C: 1-il "cl I':),:,
31 fcl -il I"i cl I':),:, '3 q -il "cl I':l,~-€1 RI I c_ l!,l·c.il.l.·oi '\''\S'\ 1 @·~,$'.,,·~·~<J·c.il.l.·ul'\·
{!Tq ~ II i!sl I '(ii cfl cfl<!- iRUT ~ . ....,.. ....,.. ..... ~
'\;:l '\1 @'~,$'.,,· UJ '\':l!"'"1 'i a,· a.i·~· '4Q l!,l'<IQ,.

fcl '<'1' o I cfl<l, '1 '.j,C: I-il " ~.
31 Fcl -il "a cfT<l ~ '3 q -il 1, cfl<l I ul'\'~'\·~11
The five secondary energy
lf5l-il RIEi 1 1f'l:qfrm- f.wtcITT:,
channels- Moving wind,
3'[~:. ~ : . 3,i1f-
thoroughly moving wind,
perfectly moving wind, R:i4c!it:, 3'fci':J,cM'11R1 ~~
definitely moving wind and 'R:-qfun -ilfu- I
strongly moving wind. '11-il Y"il>R" ~ lf',:qfrm-
f.'Rclc/i, 3'fcl-~. ~ .
ell'\·~(&,·~, "1~"11!,l''l.~&,·ul'\·~(a,1 ~· 3,i1f- R:l<i,c!i "<i"~ 3'fcl x't "':),<In"
Q,~a,·ul'\·~0:.,,1 ~'Cl.~&,·ul'\·~c:.,,, (· iR 11"< '1ft ' ~ "'1tt c!i'I ~
'1'f :qfre,r I
~a,·ul'\'~c:.,,1 i_ "1''1.~&,·ul '\'~(.,,·!J<>l!,l' Five types of presumption-
Presumption for no reason,
..:r,1 presumption that contradicts the
lf5{-il lf',:Y<'ll!H I fil 1- "'q l1 If% 'l'l- meaning, presumption for an
>t<'<!~., ~li.c;~ lf%'Ff>t<'<!~.' TPtT- indefinite reason, unaccom-
~~--"'f%'"'"1-1~,i:>t<'<!~.
1 , '1 mf% 1-1 'i:- plished presumption and
,
>t<'<!lffl-l. "'l ti:'. ell ~ If% '1 '1 :>t<'<!~ -il I unestablished presumption
qfq 1f'l:Y<'lllff- "'q m[%1-1 '1 :>t<'<!acr,
although the meaning exists.
~li.c;l11f%'1'1:>t<'</a'f, ~ : - ~~·!·s"r~·~·1 '\~!'~a,1 ~a,·~a,1 ~~a.i
>t<'<!a'f, ,'1 m[%1-1 '1:>t<'<!acr "<i"~
{\.I tc cll ll I f% '1 '1 :>t<'<!a'f I ~.,,, 111~·~1 l',\'"-"11!>l'"l11
The five types of direct mental tµ{-il '11({'!(:T- ~ : . '!?,"-5c1'j,
perceptions- Direct mental
1,R:' 'Q tj c/i 1-j ' c/i 1-j ' tj 'lc1 ~ tj RI I
perception of form, direct '
'11-il "JITTJ:-11s:-nt- ~. cg 0 -si'1,
mental perception of sound,
1,R, ~~ qi\J
direct mental perception of
230
Set of Five
The five adornments of a '!.l'~lll'<l'~f ~c;·~c;·OJ11,1·~,;·r.i1

tantric consort- Head-dress
(Crown), earrings, necklace, &·"-~OJ. ~ 11,1·"-~a;. <1,;· ~11,1 ·CJ' OJ~-§,:;. i::i I
bangles and belt. llj~t;·~·t~·i::i('i'<l'OJ~·~,;·<11 g,;·i::i·~c;·
~<11·~11,1·~1 "''.'./i'<lf &111,1·<11 !\a;''-11 ~<:: ~'OJll,l'~"-'<11 t ~'CJ';l°;J'OJ~·~,;·<1ii11
~-"-~a;I ~~·,;i::i·i::io~·~i,,'11 'P{ilfllEl: qRq1if>:- 311friqilic1.
'P{':, 'j,i:1 '1 Iei iii i:1 ~-cl~ I
'lTq fll 'I ll - f.'l ll cl- 'if"G. tfr<1 11<f>R <f} qRq1ifi-
~- ~- t1'11fQ nm 311friqi1ic1. ~ - iyrr-
'51W I tl'1li'...clll'1"1, 'ii:i,~ 1111 fl'1 if> zcr
Five determining mental 'j,i:1 '1 Iei iii i:1 I
factors- Aspiration, wish, Five types of maturity- Maturity
mindfulness, concentration and by material things, maturity by
wisdom. means of aspiration arising from
miracle, maturity because of
iii·~ 11,1·~1 l 11,1·'iS,:; 11,1·J,;J'r.i,;. 'i 9. 'Ja. ai ·~ ~ 1 giving teachings secretly and
maturity by means of hearing
il·afi:;·<1)·~~1 ;J~;J'CJ'~'i·~·iil·~11,11 ~
only .
.r"-{11J~·<1a·ai·~~ 1 ~·i::i·~i::i·<1a·ai·~~· clfa;rya;·~! ( ~wq·'?flff«l''f", w,:;«1@<•rj·
.r11 ~-15,r~f) J,oJ'CJ"-''i<!f·<la·~i:;·l";Jll,l 1
l!3{'<1 $1 FIi f.'1- W1tl I<jFcl 'lj<Et $11 '1 '\, t·'"°'i' sari::ia·<If"IOJ'il 'i'I",:;· I <If ~OJ·~,:;·
3!1c;~\$11'1'1,, f1'1i:11$11'1'1,' ~<'ll~ITT-
011$11'1'1, cf>,lll...ftdl'1$11'i
' C ,!,
~I " - ':::..
'i'lf''-1"-'"-'i' ~"! s1·<1,;~'"-«1<1f11,1·<1"'c.. ·
'ITTf 'l<f>R q} "$11'1"- ~ -
Fcl 'ij<!l $11 '1, 3!1C:~l$11'1, f1'1i:11$11'1,
<!f 'ia;! i
'i~ ~·'zl,;· j\r.ia·ar,:;~· 'i'<io~·
~e-101;,,1;, nm cft,llljll:ll'1- of11
"$1R I
The five types of wisdom- 'P{'<1 c1 I <1 J;MT,
mirror-like wisdom, wisdom of fcl ~I tc I•fl'1 '1,' fi f1' fil 11\,1"-l fcn ~ii
sameness, wisdom of analysis (3!e-1 ll f1 "-I R'fl:) I
and wisdom of accomplishment. if<1 11ur- ~ ehr. ~
Fcl ,, I'i' '{!<Et" lfcf \j wq c1 i;r,rr,
231
Set of Five
Fc1 ~ 1tc 31Rr', Til'.TT fi " ,fil cti 1- to extremely wrong deeds, and
'1 "1 Rn (3'flff<:I '!i "1 Rn ) I having faith in the objects.
The five qualities- The five ,;i::r~c;·~·i."ai·r;·~·r "i9·'1i"l·,rSJ·9~ <'l. ~
qualities of the Buddha (accor- ....... ..... "V" ,:,,. ....... rrt .......
ding to Nyingmapa Tradition)- 'l!. SJ''lf '\9. ~ ci·SJr.,,· 'l!. SJ"'II "i' i'~ c;·•rSJ·
A pure Buddha Land, an 9~<'l·~·~SJ·'lq'\I
inconceivable celestial mansion,
a luminous and clear light, an -q-.5{'cf "\l (I fti d tl <I~ 1:- -'>I IIi "l, fi cl f,
excellent throne and inexhaus- -'>I IIi o'i -i'J c/> 1'{1 cN :, IBl\1 Ii Io11 fi cl , :,
tible wealth. ~ : , ~O~{icl,~i1Fc1 I
lll'cf 1111" fti d tl l~lli-o"'-1,~f1-'-q~,,
~~-lj~"tl 9~9«ll ~1 ~I X::-1 ~9·11:{11 -'>111-101 {jcj, Ifi cl,, IBl\ili I011 fi ci,,
-q-.5{"i'f "'];UfT:- ~ . ~:, '1.£1°:, flt~fi i1, cr,m flt1:1,o~ fi cl'{ I
ffi, f\.l tcai ~ I Five types of vows of an
lJTj" "'];Uf- <'i1=!, ~ . '1.£1°, ffi, ordination- Male novice vow,
f\.l tccl1 I female novice vow, probation-
The five sensual qualities- nary nun vow, fully ordained
Colour, sound, smell, taste and monk vow and fully ordained
tangible object. nun vow.
,;c;·~,;·~·1 al·cl:i~·'Jr ~"l·'\~<'l·~·i<'l "I ~9·9~~·tc;·ci·~·1 ~~·c;9 SJ(~·cit'\1
'\Cl'-''l"$"c;'CJ I Qll!HJ~r.,,·SJ·af9''1 I t <'l'"l' ~'r{"-1 {«l'9"-I l\l"'-"i<'l·~11

-q-.5{'cf <i1 qfi'l El I '1{!,11 '1 I f.'!- c/> Icl1 fc1 El I,
"i"i. <:Jq'II
~ . 8i.-i-;'1fc1E11, .-Jlcc/>-
lf>f"i'f ~ l l ) 'II:- 1-Ft'll<'11i, fcrrn, 1101.-i1fc1\11 ~ I
' -!, '
~ ~. g:a'\f.'i:11'.).c/\1:, lll'cf C'1 qfi'l El I •.[- c/> Icl1 fc1 \11, 3Wi-
c/>1i\"11f.'11Rn:, ~~ 'cl I tl I'1 f<1 El I, g;a-c;fc1\11, '1lcc/>Fc1.:i1
lll'cf <'q-l]m,f- lij'll 'PT "ITT'n, (!@.ff 1 1°1.-i1fc1\11 I
'WrnT ii ~. 'f,'11 ii f.'\: ii'i xt Five minor sciences (field of
1"c/\1", c/> IiI"1 clil 31 f.'11 Fi'ii (!W study): Science of- Poetry,
~ cfi i;rM ~ I semantics, lexicography,
Five personal endowments dramaturgy and astrology.
(possessions)- Birth as a human ~9·9~~·i·ci·~·1 ~-~9''11 9~·ci·~9·CJ1
being, birth in the central land
(a Buddhist country), posses- cif~9·'11 9'i~·i9<'l·~9·'11 ~c;·~~-
sion of complete sensory
faculties, and not being subject
232
Set of Five
tf3{'1f 'l i; 114 €11 f\!.11 '1 I f.'t- ~ I«: f2I i'.l I, c/>lx 0 1 ~-1ffif cr:m ~ "{'\
fil fch cti If2I i'.l 1, ~ I<A f2I i'.l 1, g\),f21 i'.l 1, -ii "-1...-J if;'\ et c/> I, oI cfil1-1ffif I
3lUI I<"i f2I i'.l I ilffr I <IT
tJTtl 'l i; 114 i'.l I ~ ~ I«: f2I i'.l I, '>Wfcl, m. \.1c-t1 ifi'.!4, r1 :1.
fil fch cti If2I i'.l 1, ~ I<A f2I i'.l 1, g\), f2I i'.l I ~. 31f.'111a•11:1 cr:m
o:m 3ltl.l I<'i f2I i'.l I I f.'I ll<'1'11':1
' I
Five major sciences (field of The five families- Tathagata-
study): Science of- Grammar, family, Vajra-family because of
medicine, painting and handi- being changeless, Jewel-family
craft, logic and philosophy. because of being full of
qualities, Lotus-family because
~1111!,l'~I ~-ci~"i·9J19"i·<1,i:~9"i\ al· of being untouched with
"'~ ,;·ci"i·"{i.1 ilf"i 'lj "i { 9 "i'<J l!,l'~"i.2f· ~ I karmans and aflictions and
Karma-familiy because of being
;z,
ai "i· ~c.. "i ..i:Jc. "i· "l l!,l'o,1· ~l!,l' <J l!-l'"1 ~·o,1 I i endowed with miracles.
OR
",~aj'~<rj l!-l'"ll!,l'aj l!,l':l):'"-9!!-l'l!,l II
- <:'\ C\ ...,...
Hearer-family, Self Buddha-
family, Bodhisattva-family,
<1/t;'"i1
Indefinite family and Definite
~"i'€!!-l·~·~9!!-l\ "-C.'l!-lC,l!,l'*l!,l'~'~9!!-l\ family.
~ ~ ~
sc.· ~ci·~ o,jl!,l'~<Ja.·~91!,l I o,1·?. l!-l·<11l.· Q,JOl'~J .:i;'<rjl!-l'"lo,11 ~,;_'Q,Jo,jl o,1~c,·aio,11

<:\ '::. C\.C\ -
"-<rjl!-l \ "l!,l'<JO.'"-<rjl!-l't;Ji,l!,l' l!,l I I tjo,j'Q,Jo,jl al-~t;J'<Ji'l.·aia.i·~11
'Q31,'<f 1 11 ::11 fil I- o~ I' I<'1' fl "1 '1,, 'Cf31'q

' lfTlli:- ~ :. ~<11'1-
,,p
f.'I fclcfi Ii!<'<! I<'1, cl rbl'j, ~'J,=01=,i=>i J:JTT[: ' c;~\'1'11•!: ' 'ilcl'11'11'f: '
f.'cl <'1 <' 4il'<'I :/1 ~ii :m'la'<!- '11'\~i!RI I
f.'I ~ 4-1 <' 4' rl °>i ilffr I c: ~f '1 >11,f, ·,i Ic1 '11 '1 I'f cr:m :m'la'<!-
qf J:fl1t I
"I Icl c/>' fl "1 'j, Skl1 cl> '.;•ll' rl "1 'j, Five paths- Path of accumulation,
~'(i-('cl' r1"1'j, 3l f.'1 T<'1'-1ffif, f.'I fil c/> Ii! path of no more learning.
m et c/> Ii! oI "q\Ja-1ffif, 1JUIT "{'\ "'1•l'~l!,l'"l"i'"'111j' \?! ai a.i·~ l!,l' §.cii'l. -~i. ~ 9 l!-l'
xi"l"'l if;'\ etc/>1, 0 1 xrl'-1ffif.
"cfill i:;ei ~ -{') ~ if;'\ et c.· *"1'3.l(;·~,;·~c.· Q"l't:ll ~ ,;_·ai;· i ~-
233
Set of Five
il ,ir•r ia:,· a.·"'lloJ'oJ'\''I I oi~a:,·~a:,·sc.· lf"-q ~111 fill- cfTc/>, i:nfuT,

'
qrc;:, ~:, '31R~ I
~,:r~·o:ioioJ·i::is'\·q, ""'. i::i~a:,·'<{"...·i::i·.i· lJT"-q <l>"ll~m- cfTc/> qTfur 1Tic; ,, I I
\" I 5'\'"' oJ''ll"io\''<f.._.i::i t·i::iiiJI ~ 101" '31R~ I

Five facultis of action- Speech.
1JT'f $1 d 1111: lBl"'<IT<'PTTf.l- i:rrrf-
' ' arms, feet, anus and penis.
$1 cth-q Ic; IWJ: fc1 &1 Ifli '.i<.Si Igc/> I'(-
p., . ' ,.
l'ifllll'I:, '3YIC:l·frag: 'll~~tjli.j1-
' ,".,,, "l'N'~&r<!'~l "'.~'ljoJ'<!J c.i.(<!j'<IJ Q~oJ''JJ
<'<Jli;cl.1IR<i:, xiioc/>IR~,llll: <itRr- i::i~c.·i::i 1 a.ii::iiin
R'icf1\ l<'lJ"il<'lJ
"' '
A ~il/1:,
Ii; P-, ~:
xifll"YR,ll1•1:, "c/>""ll q,qRc11x- q;-,f-
xicl>~ctli, ~fl Ix op,,
qR~t,01R'1R1 I
'l'JT1f"$1'ill * 1JT'q 3l"1'f-
~ '3 <'lJ Ic; "c/>T 3ITWl t fu"&1" ~
l-l I' f$1 ct I
lJT"-q 11<1>R *
~
q;-,f- ~<filqU[.
' '
'3 <'lJ Ic; c/> 31 gc/> Ix iR ~ "i,T'fT, f.'rm, 'ii°h~ct. ~xil'!"I "ct'~
0q1c:1'1 ~ t l-Ji,ll11'1•n~ "c/>T '11i"'1' I
J;r./m iR 13 <'lJ Ic; -cl.11 Rn , fl i, c/> 1.fl Five types of action- Lifting up,
~ ,ll ll t ~ iR \j <'lJ "'1 iR putting down, contracting,
'3 <'lJ Ic; "c/>T f."! ~ i1 ll , li I' f$1 ct I "c/>T extending and going.
~ t '(ifll'( "c/>T 31qR,lll'I
"ct'l!TI li I' f$1 ct I "c/>T "c/>""ll t 1R "c/>T
qRc11, ~ "1{! ,'i 'ii'Lglct c/>'!'11 I
Five limbs of the path of
~ CJ"'.lJ
CJJ oJiliO:,' -
wisdom- Freedom from mani-
lBl"-i-l'
.. c.: i ' II f.'l-
<Ii Ill "<'I Lt>.=i,...:>'
Lt> Lt> '(f
fested pride impeding the

generation of path of wisdom,
~ I~, *
~ c; ll li' , at cli:b I, '<"11 i, I, ll'"c/>"ct'
~ . clcfi:bl,
~ '
"i'lfcr I
lll"-i-l' 'l,"<'IT'T- ,-;'lie.,·q,~,s~I.
'<.'\1i,I "ct'l!TI llc/>ct I
ripening the Mahayana lineage < C '
as the principle cause, genera- The five essential parts of the

ting Bodhicitta as the auxiliary body- Lungs, heart, kidneys,
cause, the nature of the path of spleen and lever.
wisdom as not neglecting and '?i'N'~'ll]O:,ON'~j i'ilJ oJgjO:,'CJJ i"-''lj ~·
the function of the path of
wisdom. <:!J <!jOlC.'<!jO:,Ol'~ll
"l'N'~''\<:!C.'2r~j "'111 "l'lj'<IJ "f'<IJ ii::i1 lp{"-i-l' cfill1~1'11f.'l- ~ . ffl.
~ c; ll 't, "'1"ffer . ~-m,-i "i'lfcr I
oi\oioJ'~ll
234
Set of Five
~lfl, ~ lll'<I lflf-~- 'FTI, identity and distorted concep-

.frcrr, ~, "'1W1 <'Im ~ I tion about the wisdom.
The five vital points of body-
Crown, throat, heart, navel and ar9,·irr1 «~9-~1 "1~:t..·~1 a;t9·"'~°'-
secret organ. !· ~-<lJ ~"-1-~ aJ'OJ'"f'<]J "-I'~9"''1!.Jt9·
~"'i'CIJ,l\'"l"1'j!!'l 1!.l<i'fJ "-l9·cr9UJJOJ' "'~<l\·!·af9· ~2i'11
9u:f"'i1 ,i,i:;·q·9'-'J"·9u:f"'i ~I I lf3!,tl~EI: ~~&:- '<i<:-<t>I~
1131'<1 Ill i •II f.'l- 1-J «1 c/, 1-J,, Eh- ~:. 3!'fEI li3<flz:, 4'111-J~\<flz:,
,
~~c1W'14'111-J~\<flz, fi'r.ui11lz~ii I
~- !l"[ qrcft 'cl I
llT'q 'li'f>R ~ ~ ~ ~ l l i -
wfu ~ llT'q 'l'F< ~ l l -
ffr I<1 <f lz, 3FfHI Ig if lz, 1:RT-
1-j «1 c/,. GF1T m <'Im GF1T ~ 1
The five limbs of the body- 1-J ~\ 'f lz, ~~c1~<14'111-J~i1tz f1l11T
Head, two arms and two legs. Pi~l<flz I
Five types of perverted view-
View of transitory collection,
view of adhering to an extreme,
'.i"''"-l·af9·q:t..{9·q1 fi'f·"-1·af9·t1:t..·~llT view of holding oneself to be
<lJ :t.,c;·CJ~°'i·"-l·af9'!.l:t..{9't1J ~ "':t..<l'"-1' superior, view of holding bad
ethics and discipline to be
af9·t1:t.,·~9·q2i'11 superior and perverted view
itself.
1131'<1
, f<l,;rfi'I q «1 ll :- 311 c1 ~ '1-
fc1 J.I fc'I q fca , c/, Ic1 fc1 J.I fc'I q fca , 'l'fTq- ar"l,~rr ~"-l·«t"1 F'9"'9 "1~9"
fc1 J.I fc'I q fi'a :, ~ I<l fc1 \I fc'I q fi'a :,
J.I $11 Fc1 J.I Fc'i q Ra ~-i-1 Fc'i I
fil'i:;·1 °a<J'~<,J'Q.E,"-l'<JJ l"i q"''l"i'tl
lJT'q nl1r fa 4 [@,i I 311 c1 ~ '1 a.i"-1 <l2i'11
fc1 \I fc'I q fi'a , c/, Ic1 fc1 J.I fc'I q fca , 'l'flq-
fc1 \I fc'I q fi'a , ~ I<l fc1 \I fc'I q fi'a <'Im lf3!,'cl ~Ullutl~<l>I:- '!;Eq,:,
J.1$llfc1J.1fc'iqfca I "1 q '1 <11, 4f'1 Fi'a c/, i;,'I '1,
Five distorted conceptions- 4ril~lc/,i;,'l'l,, ~ ~
Distorted conception about the itfu I
object, distorted conception lll'cl ~Ull 3llufl~<l>I- cgi;c/,,
about the time, distorted "1 q'1 <11, '1 f'1 fca c/, i;,'1, '1 t:4 ~ Ic/, i;,'I
conception about the nature, <'Im c'fl'll ~ c'fl'll cM f.1 tLJ "'1 <11 I
distorted conception about the Five wrong livelihoods- Con-
trived means, flattery, hinting,
235
Set of Five
pretentious behaviour and ~ cj,,'11, ~ w1 '1

seeking reward for favour. ~ ,<.ii <ITT '(i '"'-1....--i "ITT'n "i'f<m
afz:;~·,a.·?.~··r~J l?.~·<11 ~,,:?,~·<11 ftl-"cj,T<l ~ 3Rcj, ~ {l AF'1
cf>B IR 'lfr '3 '1 c/, ~ ~ ffl
93,~·?.~·<11 i~·?.~·<11 5~·?.~·<J·q~~· "ITT'n I
The five characteristics of Sam-
&l3,·~11 bhogakaya- Appearance of the
fl "'TI 11if> I 'l 'fll q3!'TJ' f.'l ,i d I :- teacher always, delivering
' lecturers always, performance
cj, I'l f.111 tr . 4 Iqc; f.111 i'1 :• ,{l,]'f',-
P.11<1:, 1c1i-\P.11a:. cj,l<>1P.11t1~i!R1 I
of acttvtlies without any
interruption, accomplishment of
til-1-J) 11<1>1,i ciJ llTTl' f.'111a- "cj,Tl1
duty spontaneously and inspite
P.11 <1, 1Wlc;: P.11 <1, ~ P. 11 <1,
of performing n1any activities of
Eflf P.11 i'1 "<1'2:IT cf5Tc'I P. 11 i'1 I the three bodies remaining
The five certainties of Sam- untouched with their natures.
bhogakaya (Fully Enjoyment
Body)- Certainty of body,
certainty of disciples. certainty
of place, certainty of Dharma ~,;·3l3.·93,~1 ~·af1·~·93,~1 ~·'!lc:,·9·
and certainty of time. 9-i~I 1~9~·~·93,~·<'f11
lJ't1fcl1:i ~ - {l~I{~,
9~c:_·q(1·<1· ~3,·£1· a;,\'<J I !19~·~·3l!(\<J' -.,a,-;;r:~, 1-1 ~ cj, I , ~ , i:nuft-

~ .' ~ irfu 1
;3,·£1· a;\<i I "-'11·ql3,·~·3l~3,·<1,;·"-5·
llT"'q g<'fil'x cf; ~ - ffl-
S.1·al \<11 ''laf9~·~· 1c:,'t.1JC:,''1~3,'<1"-'3l' ~. '1~, f1~cj,l«lf'1.
41"~461{{),]'f', ~ ~ I
~'1'<J<i11
The five places of enjoyment
fl 1-1-J) •I if> 111 'fll 1J3!:Tl' 1j;UfT:- (wealth)- Zodiac, star, watch,
m
31 fc1 c; ~II 69,C: l1:, minute and breath.
m
31 fc1 c; ~ I 'l cf; qf"'q :J;llf- ~ 11 fd I 1J3!:~ 'l I fl 't
<ITT P. ,-a' ~ "ITT'n. '1GT
'
•n,i1t1,i,' cj,#,'11fl'1,
;,:) ...:,
.
'
~<ltl'1 cj,,'11, 31fc1fm....-i w1 ~ c; f.a '1 ifl. irfu I
236
Set of Five
'IT"! Y<l>R llffi- 'l jt>!l q;r 451-il q Ill i•II f.!- '3~~ll'l,
. ' . . '
"ll'R", , n'l Ifl , cg 'l'!1., q;r "ll'R", ~cl:, ~cl:, flRF£1<icli~<I,
~ q;r i:m:r om 51Qft q;r i:m:r 1 Fc1i11,Rl'l~l~-8R'l 1
Five types of flesh (meat)- 'IT"! c.ll I{..<-lJ) q Ill 3l1'f- '3 q~ ~ll.
Human flesh, cow flesh, dog "fiw:r (~). ~cl. ~.-B
flesh, horse flesh and elephant iM <l'li om Rli.11,-fcl,nl 1
flesh. Five methods of teaching-
Purpose, summary, literal
~ lll'/j'IIJ~ ·~·1 ~ z:: ·<I' llJ ~llJ Ill'~'l!J ql llJ't-if
meaning, links, and debate and
~SJl!j'~'l!Jqj "f";~SJl!j'~Z::'~'l!Jql 'e;'\' discussion.
El<1·e>.~·s ''l°~·l!Jq I '>.~l!j'SJ'~l!j·'Jll.·l!Jq:{11

113{"1 mmi'-ITTT=- ~ .
i;rrn I"'-I Ri ,ll cl «j, q I~<,_ tl ikll cl «j,
Fc1 ~ g;if<1 fi «t> 1, ci '1- 31 fl f<ft a
cf"«j ~ I
llTf m"'-1'-3lltl'R- ~
cf"«j. i;ftl 1--1'" Q1 Ri ,1.1 c1 '1- q R" q
"i(ijq\ -.-1 ,ll cl «j, fcl ~ g;if<1 fl. «B 1, lf.>{'i'I' '3 ct1'll-
'(-11 <l''l '(-1 '"',I G I 'l '(-ll
cf"«j om 31 fl "<ft a ~ 1 il Ill f:- *11u--1: '!r"11f3:i;gq\
Five categories of principles 3!1ill4: +fl.--J'ltj'll, ~ : ;g11q1-
accepted by Vaibhii~ika 'llciU'1:,. *1cfl.ll4fil-sa: q,.--.11-
~
School (Five Basic Categories ~~..+n-,

1llci8H: <l1' 111.--J:
' .. 1
81*1 ~1=
. ' ' llci-4i 141
of the Knowable according to Jl;,;1,i' 11.1c1u--1~-8R'l 1
Vaibha~ika School): That of- .
tl I ifll 'tl+'YGl<l" ~ lJT'q '3 ct1 'l
Visible form, principle of mind,
311'<114- fllU.--J 'tt"'II f3:i;,;q\
principle of retinue-like mental
311ill4 +rl.--J'l "iT'll, ~ ;g11q1
factors, priniciple of non-
associated compositional factors •1.1c1u--1, flcfl.ll qfil;,:a 'tt"'II
and principle of uncompounded , 1.1 c1 u--1 om ;,;) , ii --1 81 fl, 1.1'"
phenomena.
''
q,11q1 <'ll<llfl' 'llci . '11 u '
Five foremost masters of Sakya

~~·~r;il!'l'<II.Ji'"ll!J'~·r ~<if11'1':.,''\j 'li"r:.,'<11 tradition- Sachen Kiinga
I'"'
i!!J \ 'I I SJa;"SJ Ill' l <lLff'J'"I.Ji·~11
Ngingpo,
Tsemo,
Lobpon
Jetsun
Sonam
Dhakpa
Gyaltsen, Sakya PaQ.dita Kiinga
237
Set of Five
Gyaltshen and Dragon Chiigyal -J;f'l'ITcf", ft g "1-J;f'l'ITcf", ~ -

Phagpa Lodoe Gyaltsen. J;f'l'ITcf" ~ 3RlltfRUT-J;f'l'ITcf" I
The five types of power
"1'f.'~l "1a.·"i(l!-rll]~I 'l1~·i:ii·i:i1 ~oJ·
possessed by the Buddhas and
!!JC:"r i:i i· t:1 J ~ oJ. <1,;·'l1'i<li ·c,r O!t:1· er i:i i· i:i 1 Bodhisattvas- Power of
clairvoyance, power of dharma,
~ 5J·CJ•:; ~\ CJa.· i:i i:ii:(11if i· spontaneously arisen power,
ordinary power and extra-
311illllfti•1Rl~Rlc11: l{3['q
' ordinary power.
"IJ~:- ~ : , 'i~-<),~i'1S:,
q,i\,i+ilJtc::, f.'10\11,i'.ltc::, Rlc1,01- "la.·i'·ll]·~r "l·i:il\9'CJI "l·i:i~c:·i:i1 "l·gc.·
fP-ltc:~tj I
t:I \ "l.'lj ~c:·i:i1 "l't:l~j<::·~c:-~<li·!"l.%<1'
311 ii, ,f 3IB1l RI ~ RI c1 -in'i'f
"IJ~- ~. q~~'1S, ciq11
q,i\11+i1Jtc:, Pfu\11+i1Ji!, ~
fclc1,01fi'.lg I tf.5l'i'I 1tfl'IRI El ,i :- ·'JP1 q~ll'fDfll.
Five Treatises on the Ground- ' JI'i 111 ii '11, 'JP1 '<jN, , 'JP1 i1 go I~.
Ground of Yogic practices, ~~~I
Compendium of Bases, 'lf'q ~-Rl~lli- ~-1:R\e'!UT,
Compendium of Enumeration, ~-lllil'11, ~-w,&, ~-
Compendium of Ascertainment ,:rgur "~ ~-~ ';Cf ~ I
and Compendium of Explana- The five types of rituals related
tion. to earth- Examination of the
earth, begging for the earth,
'-!i:;"1· ~"1-"i"-'S<::.tr;i·ii i51"1'"icii:i.·~i51"1'~'51!l' purifying the earth, occupying
~51·1:r~I 31('1i·CJ,;·~"l·<1/l.·31!ll i"l·~· the earth and preserving and
blessing the earth.
31!ll ~<li-~9-~ "l·CJ/l.· 31!lI 31!l.!l<li·&fc:·i:i1
"l.ll],i51·cia.·..rc:"l·f"'"l. ~ I i "l·i"l.CJ"l' £1 ·
31!l'!l<1i. &IC: •31·u:i<li. CJi:(11
( 3J"l. CJ I ~c: ·1lc:. ~ .i:i "l3J. CJ·.:J "i. "l'':'l1"1~.
~,i;iJl~ttctill'1i q'tjf.'lq: 'l'l]q:-
,,r i "l.!<li.CJI ,;c:·~ "i·ll]c:·~·o.iE'c:· ~-<1~
~:, WTWflcf, {il5"1
J;f'l'ITcf":
J;f>1 I cf ~
'
~:
'<H?i I
'
3RlltfRU[- a
~ c: ·1.li· c: ·i:i I o.f€,;·i:ia.·i <1i ·3Jijc:·'1"1'
~zj' ~ ~
'l"il>R * 'l'l]q- ~-J;f'l'ITcf",
* lJT'q
'l1 "1.li.\<li. QJ. orc: "l '~ril· j·lcl"l'1 3lcJ.fi<-1>111.i1RI. 3l'11r'i~1- '1 Ict-14, ~ . 3llcll{i'11ct-14.
ffl ~ t1ilc;1.-f c;c;1RI. m '!t~l<'1-'11(S(i<\ nm cfOT->11ct-14 1
"1.i?1 '.l,<!iiii ~IGi~RI <1ce1?i ~
Five types of miserliness-
Miserliness with regard to
i!i~lRI. fit11,c;~l~.-i cffi:i1' Dharma, miserliness with
3l :J,ffi "1 c1 , c1 w1 I4 oi ILll cl I'\ irfi'r I regard to gain, miserliness with
~ ~ c6't 'ITT.I 'lfu];f<l:; li i- regard to dwellings, miserliness
wl cf; m ~ fFij'c'. ,'f l,FIT, with regard to virtues and
3JW1l'{-BlcAT ~ ~ i;li!i, miserliness with regard to one's
~ "i!il" w\-"<';Fl tarr. m clan.
Rnf1 ' ~ "4x '.i,<!i M cfi1 ,rr&!
m \Jf! , ~ cf)T >1.tf1i!i, 0 1
oi"l'CJ'~l 111~·ul' o1 "'''< I '<~"l·"lil::;:i "J''<J
{i f1 " ii "<';1-q ~ i'.sl i/,' 1:Rlcl ,'f ':\°i'ic:·~·ol"J'Qj i"-'Qq'ol"J''ll 3,1~,;·
'3 fj'J , '1 · ., l,FIT nm c1 w1 1 i::;ct
3l qoi ILll ~ ':fR1' l,FIT t I !1111·~ ·o1"'·'<2i'J 1
Five thorough trainings on the 'P{T.J 314)151:- cJM41i5:, 311~11.il-
third ground- Never satiated 'CJ'rg:, 'fl:f~l'114li5:, ~l/1'114113:,
with listening to teachings, f.1 '<l Iq'1 g ~tj Ri I
g1vmg teachings to others
'lTT.J 3l'IT6- c!x'ij-~. JITTTli-
without a thought for reward, ' 1-
purification of the Buddha field ~, =-<;QWI- ".Y ~' ~ liP
where one is to attain enligh- ~ nm f.'ro-~ I
tenment, never discouraged by The five divisions of the
seeing the faults of samsara eliminative phenomena- The
while doing welfare for others, objective eliminative pheno-
and having a sense of shame mena, eliminative phenomena
and embarrassment. of intention, eliminative pheno-
mena of the motivation, elimi-
il,._·•,;"ai-1:1·~1 t~·"'·.:i,.,·~1 i~·ri·"'·.:i,.,· native phenomena of applica-
tion and eliminative phenomena
~I lll°i~·ri·"'·:.i,._·~1 ~iij'CJ'"J'oi"-'~I of completion.
~ lll~'QJ' :;:i ,._, ~2i'11
ii',._·if·~1 •iil·i'i'c:·1 "1~'<·~1 '!}c:·~1 ~°'·
™' '11ctl ,frfi)r- <iil>i 1ct-14'1.
' "l 111 "Iil '1' ~c:· ( II
~. 3llcll'<i'11ct-14'!,
<'li~lc1'11ct-14'1, c10\>11ct-14 irfcr I 'P{T.J 311];cifll':- 3i 'J.'<l I, <1 v\ <1~
" '
'1Uflll. 31 '1 Ifi'1 i'/> I, i'/> f.1 ~ i'/> I irfi'r I
239
Set of Five
'ITT 31'1J.f<;i ii i- ~ . aJ .-n i c:.·.sr ~1 11,1 ·11,1,;."51c:.. oJ I ~ c:.. ii\ ·&1 ·"i::i}
lfUJ'IT, 3F1 Ifi'I c/> I <112IT c/> f.1 ~ c/> I I
'1.(oJ11,1·&11 i.i\il,;·~·\&11 "111,1c:.·~11111,1·~~
Five fingers (digits)- Thumb,
"'"'
index finger, middle finger, ring ~
'(:j"'l.<,i\"&11 'l"l"l''ll>.. il,"I" -..v...,.,
a;i\'&I" i::i~11,1·11,111
finger and little finger.
"Cf51Tf ,m:- !.lfat1x1. t115,,rn>14'1"1.
ic:.'El<ll!,l""l<>i'"l"]'~l i tl]l!,I"'\~ ·i::ic\· ~ 11,1· '
'11-l'l ell, '1 "'l I jfl I R oft. ~ft i'1 cl <11 '<! I
'll ~ a;. "I"i: i~ i\. <i I ,;c:.. ~. i:i Jl,loJ"<J" ~i\. ~oJ" 'IT'ii ,!ITT- !.I fa fl 'ii. fl 15 fl !.I '1 <f '11.
'1 l-l'l-41. '1 "'l I jfl I R oft cf:m
l'tl]11,1· <i I ""1"1' ii\..l:i.&1~i\.! "111,1·(~ 11,1·i'~l "'.'.i"l"'l"i\"l"C!l'j'\"<Jc\ i 'l"'j<li\"
fi'I ?II~:. ~"<l'(-1 .Y <;I< 1ll 1-
c/, c'll Io I
~~I '\~-~<>i·!·ii::i·12ii\l 911,1c:.·~·fa;
&i-1":, fcl 4 lllfl cl qfcl {>~ 4/lTfi$111'1, f t r ~ .' <ia_. ~i::i·'i"i\ I <>i "l.:::t1·<ia_. ~ i::i·1<ii\\
'
•\j-'ilcllfl!.l,lllll~ll~'<1fa I "li\11,1·ia;·<ic\· fil°i::i·'\2ii\ I m"l'fil°i::i·<ic\·i
-
i::i
'IT'ii ,IH)41ll-3T1T- r1?i'{ii41
c/> c'll I oI fi'I ?I ~ ;,n&a- m"IT. 3TcA
'j<ii\" ~3,Jl!,1" 11,~111
'3 m'1 m ~ 3D&a- iRT. 45\ilfclt1: 311illll: (Fcl1<1fi'lc:<1>1-
fcl 4 ll \fl '{ii 4"1 !.I fa c/i,<'1 -qe, "c/>l" :J;"fl"RUT)- ~ 1'101'ili114, "'iitSj-
46c11'1'11, ftran qi] 4R>11"11 ~iflcf>lill4:, c/>lfc/>'ilill4:, f.'r:iw:r-
cf>,11 <1:m ~ 11 ft~ m qi] c; Ilief> li114:. 4 d14~ faq lclc/>l-
\.kll ll ~ 3D&a" ITT1T I il 14~'<1 fa I
Five methods of guarding moral

"4T'ii YQ>R q; 311'<11~' (fcl'ill-
fi'l c'. ijj q; 31 'j,fl l'i )- ~ I'101'
discipline- Relying on a spiri-
3lli11ll, 1JtIT '34~~1 !.11111 c!ITT
tual teacher, relying on an cfR't 311i114. q,lf-fclfu" cpJ J:Jllt-
excellent motivation, recogni- m c/>'il~ cf@" 3l1i114. F-1c11f1
zing the opposing factor, perfect >RR ffl cf@" 311 i1 14 <112IT "4"cl1
training in the precepts and et\ q~fa qi] l'Jllf c;~11~ ~
relying on conditions for a 3lli11ll I
peaceful life. Five types of teacher (as
described in Vinaya Pitaka)-
240
Set of Five
A novice teacher, a teacher who ori~c:·r:;r ·1,:;rc:·~1 113i' ll.''\z::ic:·1 z::i il,J't1/l,·
gives secret teachings, a teacher
who gives ritual guidance, a 1z::ic:·1 ll.i6\C1i\·1z::ic:·1 ~3i'"l"'~·1CJc:·1
teacher who provides dwelling ~·i_- ~"I''Jo.' 'jCJC:{' 11
and teacher who gives reading
instructions. ll3!,'<f ~q,f:- ~:.
~ : . ~ : . <l>'lf-
lll'IC: '!_"l'l'~'il ori·r.i· ~! Ill "c:·~Ill ~-r~-,i ,11' ~=. ci\i1<1v11~qc!J~il I
"I ll.S'l',:!O.'<l"l'"I ~·i_o.·,i111·q1 ~z::i'l· lJT'q 3ffel~<t> ~ . ~ -
~,i "l-"I ~111·q·ll,~"i·"o.·<l111·t1a:'11

~. ~ . ~
i::cf~I
lf5fif cl '"51 ll I'1 IPt- Five Empowerments According
lp &1 lJ I'1 'i. <l'J1lll'1'i, (lqllllll'i'i, to the Secret Nucleus- The
' ' ' empowerment of the listener
~~I
which is that of Ratnasambhava,
a"51 ll I'1,
~
qJ"'q" o'"5I" "llR- "Cfic'l-

the empowerment of the
"llT'l, q \J1 '-j I '"1, '3 q Ill ll I'1 dl!TI
meditator which-- is that of
~I Ak~obhya, lhe empowerment of
The five tantra vehicles- Tantra the expositor which is that of
Vehicle, Resultant Vehicle, Amitabha, the empowerment of
Vajra Vehicle, Method Vehicle enlightened activity which is
and Knowledge-Holder Vehicle. that of Amoghasiddhi and the
lll'IC:'!_"l~'~'iz::i·gr~l '~.I'jl'l"lf "'i' empowerment of the king of
' indestructible reality which is
"i'll"-1 'l'\'"11 ;,-3i'"i3il ~3i·<f~·'l/·so.· that of the five enlightened
families.
"l C:' ~111·91
9~c:·~1 i'~'\'\3i·~·111~c:·1 '\9C:'-l't/'
d":illjtll~"I ll3!.ilfaE1: ~16!1:-
l:le'-lc1q'1, ':!"-s'llc!J<lci,, 4~<li'1,, CJ~o.·111 ".ic:· 1 ,:;r(1·q·£"111·~·"l".i"''I '\£.,.
il'i';'i<lci, ,Mclci ~ I
' ' &11·~·i_o.·111".ic:· I "1(3i·sc:·~ ·111".ic:·f 11
a-a=,r ~ tl kl f.\,:J d llTil" ]l'<l>T'{ <f>
~16!1- '3f\1 C'1 <l ft, ':! 0 -s'll cfjq ft, ll3!,'<f <1il'11Pt- 31jf\11C: ~ -
q ~ ci a. ii .-c; .-i ci a cfl1TI , M c1 a 1 clil'i'-(, 311~1r1 tiicf;Rl<t>ciil'i'-(,
' ' '
The five disciples according to ~ ~llf&-;c!Jclil'i'i, ~
'
tantra- Utpal-like, White lotus- <l\i1 clil'il-1, 3ffel,-i~l~clil'1. ~ I
'
like, Lotus-like, Sanda1wood- llTil" q'q'i'- 31 jf\11 c; '(ii 41 "ffl~
like and Jewel-like disciple. cfcf'1, 311 ~Ill '(ii41 f1 iet; Rl cfcf'1,
241
Set of Five
11 I~ Dl'(,)41 ~I I fii;<1> cfi1"!, ~ -

~ "cf(Jf-cfi1"! ~ ~
i::il!Jo.1·~ l!J'al·rs i::i·q I ~.,. ~· '!!_"ll!J' tl"i·o.1~'\·
if>T cfi1"f I
The five kinds of speech ~'i·~·~l!J·q·i::il!JoJ'~l!J·al·rsi::i·q1 .J,OJ'
(Buddha's five ways of ..,... ..... ..... ,:,,,
teaching disciples)- The ulti- "-S"'""-' &1!!' "ll!JoJ' ~ l!J' o.1 ·rsi::i·" I Sc::. ~Q·
mate teachings lacking birth, the ~ oJl!J''i '<Cl.' .J,o,Jl!J'~·'i"1C:: ·i::i~a.'OJl!J' Q l!Jo,J'
intended teachings through
gestures, the literal teachings ~ 11r .i·rsi::i· CJ 1 l!J c:: l!J' ~l!J· ~·"-~"i. OJ l!J'"l l!Ja.i·
through expressions, the vajra-
teachings of inseparability and ~l!J·al [S"l'CJ~[l
the enlightening teachings
'IJ3l t1 Fcll'.I :31 RI ..-1.1 :- 31 RI 'fll <1> 4-
through blessings.
Fcl q Ii/>:, 31 Ri 'Tll <M'l .-:,/~ ~tl ~ iU 1-
"l1"''')Sl;.Gl'tq"i'"lll1'~! "-~"l·~,;·~,:;i·q1 <;'1 Fil t11x~·l-f[c[:, lfl fi'l 'l: 31 RI ~-
lF!lc[:, ~ c;~lq~l<11
1"i.~ c::'Cl.~ "1 l!J' OJ ..J,'1'l",'1"i'q l ul'i''.'.'/fc::·
'11 'l Ri'fll i/>'llfil1. '.l,<il {ll 31 Rl~-
s
~,:_·'i"l"-·i::i,;· 'i. q l .J,oJ'"".11] J!JOJ'~"'.~ o,J' ~ 1*11
qf'q lJ<l>R ~ aiRl..-1.1- 31Rl'fli
q,;·~"l'""'S 'i'" I o,J ~"i-~l!J'~z:_·al·o.1!!"i''<' if> 4Fil q Iif> , Tc"f-ll""5f-3J'tfm-
~'i'"~ll ~m1c;-Fclt11< <t\
31Rl'fll ~ .
"llT'ft "$\ 31Rl'Tll ~lfcltl, ~
q3{'<1' ,f<'Fll 111f.'l- ~ . "$\ Gf1 q ~I dl31T "'1 ~
~,!if>O I'tJ,'C'j,lll-J'1i<'j,*'1t:cl-
Rl'Fcl' 31RJ"1.1 c![c'll 11m ~ cfi 31RI"'~
'\ El Ic if>'\, '>I q o~ ll Ijc/)_c'I '\ 'T"l q;'r we Inconceivable npemng of
m clT'c'IT. fitll i;ci ~ fl "1 m action, inconceivable power of
clT'c'IT, fcl *'1 t:c 1;ci , 6 '(-<j if>T jewel, mantra and medicine,
;.:iqt11c:<1> 11m '>li:l"~ll 1;q inconceivable power of yogis,
31 jc/)_c'I I inconceivable ten capabilities of
Five types of speech- Profound a Bodhisattva and inconceivable
like thunderbolt, sweet and virtuous deeds of a Buddha.
soothing to ear, pleasant and i::iei5f"li"i''i"''li<l.'i:q"i'<>l"l'~! {"l' CJ I 'i~'i'
joyful, completely clear and
audible, and appealing to listen "I 'i"l"-'"11 i::i~·i::i1 ~oJl!J'~""l%"l·CJ~i1
to and without contradiction.
242
,..,,,
,-,, Set of Five
'l:!.l'll'..!ll·PI,if: 'P{'i'J 316'.lllf.r- 'P{'i'J 110 .f:[l:- ~\) <'1 i/<I, .£1":'
fclacfl:, Fc1i11,:, ~ . >(j{si'j, i:i 'l Ifi:l ,-ili.£T:, ~ $11%.£:f:, fc1 'jfcla-
~ qi I'1 Fil m i1fc, I ~ : , Fc1 'jfcla $11'1 i/<IJ .£.l ~-,-) Fc1 I
...~ E<JR-1lf4 'TI'q 3l1f-

Fc1acfl, Fc1i11,, ~ , ~ ,wn
* 'TI'i'J
~.£:f.
'!"<l t<l>"'-1- ~rl<'1i/<IJ.£T,
~$11{-ili.£:f, Fcl'jfcla-
~qi I!l film I ~-'c[ "c1":m f.'1'jfcla$11'1i/<IJ.£T I
Five branches of first concen- Five aggregates of merits-

tration- Investigation, analvsis, Aggregate of moral discipline,
joy, happiness and single- aggregate of meditative concen-
pointed mind. tration, aggregate of wisdom,
aggregate of liberation and
<:!4l'f11Jlj"i'IIJ~ill"<lQ.'"l"i"<>lllj' ~l :i"i. <I\ aggregate of the wisdom of
~l!J<l~"il <l'jt:."{5Jl!J\ <!~"<!\ -,)5Jl!J liberation.
t:1t9%11j"<I' ~ ·~;{ll ~4l'i"i'i·i:i5"l·~IIJ4l"~l ,i·il·;,t:1\ it·aJ·al·
~l'..11 I 'l"ll,it: 'P{'i'J ailllf.r- ~i:.·<l\ "-l.Ji-~ il·,r<l\ ,ifl!J',il!J~C.-~t:1 q·

~:. '1~"1-xl'j, i3l=!IITT, -ijl'.!i'j, ii.!"i.<J l '\ii'J"i"q:r,·ii. 9"i1'1l'qi{ll
Qqi 1'1 Fil cti i1fc, I
~ E.!l I '1-1lf4
~ , fi~ul"'l,
* lTI'i'J<Fl
i3l=!IITT,
3l1f-
"c1"1!1T
~ <l i; ct1 t'll -q-5f'i'J
'lla'flJTll, ~-
, ad I f.!- lfl"i:iT-
<'1cl 0 11>f1R"'j,
~qil!l film I fu ...-J q a 1'11 q RlelT'1"""[ c1 SA It1 i,: aI'j.
Five branches of third cdnccn- 31'1i: 0 <lclli:i~i1Fc1 I
tration- Mindfulness, men~al ~ <l i; ct1 ~ 'TI'i'J "dcf- i:m=l '1

altemess, equanimity, happiness <l!Rr, ~ '1 "QT'lT, <'1 cl a I '1 <l!Rr,
and single-pointed mind. R:J c'I I~ fcl>m "§:311 cfB '1 q t, '1 '11
"c1"1!1T o/l 1f cfIB '1 qi, '11 I
"l~'\""iill4l"~·~i:.·?f·~1 {''J'~5Jl!J'~':'.JE:.'<l!
The five ascetic practices of
Devadatta- Not eating meat,
~ill"q,:j'f"-l' t:IQ." :'.JC.'<l\ ~ill' q:r,' 9J"J't:IQ.. ii)
not drinking milk, not taking
salt, not wearing ragged cloth
~l!J·~·~i:.·~,1 and not living in a hermitage.
243
Set of Six
ci1<1.·11J'\"lll·11J~"·a11J !lll'",l:llll''\Z::.'f ~ '\' (• I Rl-1 I) ~ 'tt H.j "1, *1ffl'

5·1:l('\·<ia·t11lllf SZ::.'lll''\Z::.'f 11\~·t°il
fl Al "1, ™
~ fl Al "1 Tim c!\ii
~ fll-ll"'l i)-an I
g'\·~"l''\z::.·r l:l~l:l·l:l~ lll'l:li;lll'~rr Six excellent possessions-
Excellent possession of power
311$11~:tl"114i1Alill<ll: "ER;" 1J.\1.ll:- and wealth, excellent possession
'
Glldif>'ilc11, '3C:l·F-j. ~ : . of physical form, excellent
fi?il<iFs;if>I~:. ~: possession of glory, excellent
fmn- fl :!tic! 4 :tit fa I possession of fame, excellent
311$11~":tHT 4'11-tl~I ~ "ff: 1J~- possession of wisdom and
Glld<'l>'ilc11, '3i:;1.--J, ~ . excellent possession of effort.
fi?il&icf>I~. ~ Tim
Clfll"l'Q'C1i°~"l·a<11 l:l",'l:l f;l"lf a.~ <11·ci f;\"11
~I
The six texts of Kadampa f z::.·ci5;1<>1 r ~9lll·ci5;1<>1 r "lililll'l:l f;l"I I
tradition- Life Stories of
Buddha (Jatakamala), Specific CJ 5;I "I'Q' ~°'.rf<{rr
Teachings (Udana), Bodhisattva "ER;"fcrq: ~=- ~ :. fjqctj-
Ground (Bodhisattvabhumi), ' -·
clic'([:: ~g-,i c/J <"I :, "'f.'l"'i:i'""ct"'~~=·:'
Ornament of Discourses
<1ct1-11.--J<1>~:. Hi51if>~:titfa I
(Siitralankara), Compendium of
Siitras (Siitrasamuccaya) and
u-: 1l<l>Til ~ ~ ~ - ~ .
Engaging in the Bodhisattva' s ti i:i dili ~. :tL"ll ~. f.'l i1 ct<1> ~.
way of Life (Bodhicaryavatara). c,m
i:lctl-11.--Jif>~ "151<'1>~ I
Six types of kalpa (Aeon)-
,Ql·ci·a"l '\'lz::.·~9·~°'·'!:!11·t<1111l'Qr Intermediate kalpa, kalpa of
dissolution, kalpa of vacuity,
"l~"llll'~°i''!;\II'l"llll'Q f '\<l"l'~°i''!:\11' kalpa of formation, kalpa of
l"llll'<lf m<1111l'Q'~°i''!:!11·t"llll'<lf ui· enp.urance and the great kalpa.
~Ill'~°\·'!;\II'l9lll'Qf Cl ( °i'l:l.~~r~°\''!;\II' flllll'i';i·~°'·a"l ~"llllr 41·1:f°'r il ",t:;·
'<1111l·r.i~r r l:l~ilir ~·~·Qr "l~~rr

"ER;"~: '!1HJ G:- ~:ti:Hfll-l1"1:, mcrr= ~q4f<11=- •11?1"\. 4'1"1'\.
'
':!~ qfl Al "1 :' .i,n fl Al ,..;i:' *1ffl'- ~:. 'fi:l'JTiq:, '!~:. 3WlITT<! I
" ii fll-l1"1:til I
fll-ll"'l:, $11.--Jfll-l1"1:, qi Q1(J; ~ "ff: q4f4- ~. fu.
"ff: ~ fl Al <{ (fl Al ....-J
II I ii ~ 'fi:l'JTiq, "!.a;r 'l'fT1T TI~
'>11'4)- ~ (tf"l"-fll-lli"fa) ~ 3TiefR I
fl Al "1, ':!~ q ~ fl Al "1, .,fJ-
244
~: Set of Six
Six synonyms of elements "O": <ITT'i<l>R"- ffil,,

(constituents)- Family, seed, 3n'cl, "flIY, ~. cfW cfR
cause, nature, subtle part and ~I
foundation.
f"lll·a9 llla·f'"lllJ i!'!a.·f'ai'll 1 .ia.· ~ . "'lT'T, ~ . xj"G< <llc'lc/>, 'f'T
cfm 31i1cJtt1 I m
l"ai~1 ~c::-~·l"ai~1 a;ai·ail"/3.·1" ~1
31 Six ornaments of a throne- A
lion, an elephant, a supreme
~3J·CJ,;·~~·CJi3.'f3J~'~II
horse, a peacock, a Jiavafijfva
~ Ellcl<l:- ~:, ~:. (an eagle-like bird) and a giant
~ : , c!Pl~:. ~ : . (strong men).
OR
Fc'1$111t11g~t1R, I
Garurja (a mystical bird), naga
"\J: ~ - ~ ~ (a water-spirit with multiple
~~.~ hoods behind the head), makara
clW~I (a crocodile-like sea monster
Six elements- Element of earth, with criss-cross ornamental
element of water, element of pattern on its body), a fine
fire, element of air, element of looking youth wearing leaves of
space and element of trees as garments, a large
consciousness. unicorn-like animal having a
mane of flesh and a single horn
~·a111·<1.f11Jlllf iil~·1 mc:·ia;r ;·3J~9 &i·
and an elephant adorned with
SI "lc:·.,ic:·1 ~'\·~·ll;{tl ornaments and holding a vase in
its trunk.
<111;,'"'jf
~lllll'ia:;·~9 £l·~9·£l·9~')'CJ\ 9"1"\'~','
~c:·1 ~I i!'!'~"'il 3J~~·CJi3.'S'if!C:'f ~·
a:i·tr<l1 ar9·9uio1·£i·J'\·CJ1 ~a;·a:i·i:f'\·CJ1
'i9~'"l'"'"l'il"'i I mc:·?f i ·!"'i' ~a:;·~11
a;c:·£l·~c:·<:i1 flc:·£l·{9·CJ'<:ii1~·~11
ai1tt1ifll lf6 rn'll>RT:- fw,:,
~
1:.-ffil,
'
3n'q: ,
'
= :
·c-.~, ~: ~ 'tiH~flcllf.1- 'tj<>!1clt1fc1,R,:,
(ufici5!"1lci:), <1"1<~'{iq~i!R, I q <:, '1t'.lYl1fc1,R,:, \.k'.!rn-!fc1,R,~t1R, I
lj1T , 31 &i cJt a5 ~1 "ilfi1" I "\J: 't i; I~ fl cl- 'i j<>!1 qt[ qi I "flIT'T,
Gx <iRIR'a ctf ~ '1 c/><11,
245
Set of Six
teachings and g1v1ng material

<fl' <'1 '11. i:ro- lIT'l "I i:/i '< '1 I Tim help and knowledge of the
'3rn'< et; ~ if '3rn'< "I ~ 1 proper time to give teachings.
Six great moral disciplines- Not
~,._-qa.·~~·'\.:i111~·alll 2- ~-q·~ '\·qa.· i111·
killing human being, not
stealing others wealth, not Q~"ll (1<J~'!./"~\ 41l.·i9·Q~"ll ~~·
indulging in sexual misconduct,
not telling lies, not taking (lJ "'. UJJ:,"'\\ ,._.i:ia.' t II]'Q~"11 (lJ I:,'UJJ:,. ~ Z:,'
alcohol and not g1v1ng oJa,°oJ~'J",'Qa.' t9'Q ~"11 (lJZ:,'(lJJ:,'1<J~
reciprocal answer.
1<lf•1, {i:ria.·gi~'llj'\'a"1 ~"I-~ 1<J~.'\"-. '\ol<>i'~''\~",'Qa.·t 9·i:i~"1 f ffi"9~·~ '\
'i!<>i'"ll '\~"l'Qa.'~'lj"~ ~·41 <>i'\'"I",' ~,:,· 41:l.· i 9·i:i~"l·arn
Q~'Ql <>i"-'"f"-''\lll'"ll r~·'\"-''1"-·si,:,· lfC; ti 'fl I'< zj "I I:- 31 f.-1 ~ii d 5,: <Jill,
31Q'<1'l,:<Jllj, :l;l=:l;l= ~l~'<<'lil'l-
~~'"'<>i''\\ll]~'!./1 ~~-~·'\\oi~·qa.'11 ~:'5f"I'[, :l;l=:l;l= ~:<Jill,
\:I q I Ul I <H-ll <Ii f.l oa) q IUI I <I~ il :J:!:J:!= ~:qRc1ct+1.-1.1 ~=<Jill,
fi'l ?I fc1 '-11 ' I 'i, <SI 5\ i:1 fa I
lR; 'fll'll.--llc'11:1011f.l- ~ftc'1c16:l'j,
'fl·'tl1x u-: zj-l;r- 31f.'i~i1a
~. ~1fi'1oi 1m1"
~:xl/, 3l"Q'<1' ~:xl/, o[R-o[R wfu
31 ji:/i A1 I, ~<I, I"4: 4 R"I q, qqur
3Jlfi'l~ol 'tj i:/ic'<IIOl'i,, '3R1df1'i~ * c<WT m
q fa t1 f.£:r m
"c/>T ~=xll. ofR-<ITT
"c/>T ~=xll. ofR-<ITT
,aq~~l~i:1fa I
~-"'1Til" if q Rc1 ct .-i ITT "i:/iT
\:141Ull<l ~ q,f.lo0 \:!41"'11'1
(311 il I li') "if> "9': 'fl I JI I "T)
~: xl! d°QIT P1?1 "ff fc1 '-11 ' I llF\ "i:/iT
~ft c'1 c1 f1 I, fc1 '1 '-1- ~ "i:/iT "1 I'1 '11,
~:xll I
'1"1ft er; 1m1" 31 jc/> A1 I, ~
311 "4 Rcti q Rtii q, wt ~ 3lTfi'rq
The six defects of the cyclic
existence- Indefinite suffering,
(s;cl!) "ff '3 4 i:/i I'< i:/i '< '11 ~ '3 R1 d
dissatisfactory suffering, suffe-
"f11'f<! "4x '3 4 ~~I ~ I
ring of discarding one's body
The six characteristics of the repeatedly, suffering of concept-
abbot and assistant abbots in tion for rebirth repeatedly,
general- Purity of moral disci- suffering of change in status
pline, knowledge of monastic repeatedly and suffering of
code, kindness towards sick lacking friends.
people, purity of close disciples,
benefiting others with dharma
246
Set of Six
cl ~ It ~'11,
~ ~ 1lx utT'iT, ~ 1lx
~. <I"' i"'' 'Ja_'~".af1 911,1,:,·9a;11,1''!i' <1\ fcl "1 il ID"'TI et, , '11, fcl "1 il ID"'TI
ji:.·~·~"·~11 fcn<t "l1l 'cBT cm l'i cB , .-i 1. '3 "'i t1
cB,-11 am 3lc1'1t1 cB,-111
II ;\; ~ El '<l Sf> II - '3 ruft ~ The six qualities of the Wheel of
' '
3l Iet, I~lilsl>"(, "'ct,~q=1i:'1=' >(ji'.51 ilsl>"(, a Universal King- Speedy,
tl1 cl Iil i W'WT- 'mfJl'!, ~ migrant, victorious over those
lol 4 il sf> Ii , ;,J'tj'[ f.'111 j aIil sf> Ii , uncaptured, who are controlling
' '
~ '.:l,i'.51 q I"1 il IB '<lfi'r I for those who are captured,
'!J: \l<IITT' <t ~- 'i«1cB ll eliminate those above and
311 et, I~ I'<l ifi, c/i q I"1 ll '.:l,i'.51 il ifi, debase those beneath.
.frcrr ll ~' ~ ll IIJI:.'ll'q'~'~51'g)I:.IN'al!J 19·gi:.·1 SoJ'al\
lol4iliti, '1@r l'i f.'111\a1ils1> am
~ ll '.:l,i'.5lqlc,1ils1> I <'E'i:.11,1·ri"·J\ri1 19·Mi:.·1 ~oJ·<1fa;1
The six wheels- Wheel of space
at the crown, Wheel of bliss at
-
"<i';j'~I:,'<lll. 11
the forehead, Wheel of U?:Jlcl4'1flll:- ~ : oll(\JOJ:
lfc,.b""\ I I
enjoyment at the throat, Wheel "1t:lill~. fi'r~:, -i:ifu:, ~ilf"1t1~il I

of Dharma at the heart, Wheel "'!J: 'J;C:,:"'fcl'-4'1f'1- ~ . olJ(\lOJ,
of emanation at the navel and
"1 t:l il I~, fi'r~. "l:1fu 'C[ci ~ il f"1 t1 I
Wheel of sustaining bliss at the
Six synonyms of person-
secret organ.
Srama1,1a (monk, monastic prac-
~°''aflN'l°''<la'l"l'~''Vl°''aj!j_~l'i°IN' titioner), Briihmana, one who
observes celibate lifestyle, fully
al!J ~"·::i"'*<11 111111a;·::i'"'~·<11 oJ't"'· ordained monk, vow-observer
and one who has renounced.
<]'"JIN'!"J'<l"'S\rJ 1 !"J'<I'~o.i·~·"-~1'rJ 1
oJ'1i'-<1'"1''-l.1'<!"' <I\ 1oJ"-.<l'"l'll. <1-df ~ I$1: TI sl> t'll ~ 1];UfT:-

1i:.·oJl(1J ri:i'll1"'1<1i:.·1 ~·':l'Ta;111·2i'1
~t1' 11 f1'l i:i'l "(, 3l'f1,' 11 f1'l tI fj ttl :' 'iJ: 'flf'{ ( w et ';J: 'flf'{)-
a~'lil'1:, Y'tl'1ct~clx:, "trolgf,c/,:, .1$11 cl@, f11cbd, ilRlc/J, cll<l"I-A1,

ci'>i*fll:, Yx'll~cl~ilrl I {1"1 1Ji, Tim a~11c111
';J: "'I {ittl, Six cities of central India-
Sravasti, Saketa, Champaka,
~ {I tj '1, Y'tl'1ct~clx, "trolgf,c/,,
Varai;iasT, Raj agrha and VitisalT.
<l'>l*f<l Tim q,>J1~c1 1
Six armour-like fathers- gjc-_·a"l ~·«1 ~1'"'·?11 1.i:i1 !lc,,31·%1
Vajrasattva, V airocana, Pad- ij"'·iji::·1 :i"l·~·m i::·~311!,1·.:r11
manartesvara, Krsnaheruka,
Vajrasiirya and Paramasva.
"IC'_'°il
iij"·a;~-l~ll"a"J \·i,''4<!]'.i:JI ~°i·~· 31 1 ~·«1 ~1'"'·?11 '"'"·31l9 'J.fll !lc,,31 ·%1
&i'i::•,rs~·311 Ji::·s~·311 ~i:ri·s~·311 1· ij"''ij"'' ~·m "''~3/l!,l·.:r11

~ GM:- ~ : , ~ : ,
"1~11 ~7~tn ~ ~ \• "
l'i>"ixi;i
'!J,~IE; IY:, IY:, i!>lilEll4:,
~ <b<lil <!<1111ct'1:- cl'>icll<l!S'\ fi~EllY~ilrl I
111 fi'l"
'11, '1'~fl
1 'i, . ~~
fjtjl '11, qf
fi "'11 R=i .-fl, il fu -s cl> I "ilfi'r I il.-t:E<"Jq, ~ - Qc1,iflq:,

';J: <b<lil-~<l'lldl'~·- <'l'>icll<lt;l, ~ : , fil;"'1,i;ICI, ~ I
111fi'l<1l '1)~4l, {itjl~'1l 'iJ: 'iftll- ~' ~'
cg ~ 1ifl q, Fil, "'1, i:ftq, ~ Tim
fi-:11R=i-1"J "ctm 'i.lfu-sc/JI I
~I
Six armour-like mothers- <IT
VajravarahI, YaminI, MohinT, ~.~.~-
SanciilinT SantrasinT and ~ ' fil;"'1,E<"Jq Tim ~ 1
Candika. The six continents- Continent of
moon, continent of white light,
continent of kusa grass,
31 ~.!i·tir~i <11.!il!,l'Qill!,lf ~·-i·11 ~-~·r continent of probable human
being (kinnara), continent of
i l t'•r<v.l:f«f OJC'_l!,l'<J'i5.!i'~ 'a<!]'~l crane and continent of wrath.
OR
~ '1•1'11fill (11E.11~~ ~ Continent of moon, continent of
.-J•1,1fil1)- ~lcl{-<fl, f11cbd:, white light, continent of
tjRJc/J:, c11x101ffl, <1"1'Jl>'t, a~11iit1 excellence, continent of kusa
'llfcr I grass, continent of probable
248
Set of Six
human being (kinnara) and "~i:i ""·"·a111 °'""ISl...a.. ISl·u;· ''\!!!'

continent of crane.
i::iioi·" I a.i·z::i"'·oloilSl·.,3_· l lSl·u;·~·'\!!!'
"~·i:i1~·a111 !<:JISl'C\9,y.\''\~·i::i~~1 1·
i::iioi·" I i ISl''!i'~c:·i::i3_·l.!i·u;·~·'\!!!·z::il&1·
11\%11\·'\~.z::i ~ .!i 1 ':f'\11\3,''\~.z::i ~ .!i1 '4<>l'
"I 11\.!i!Sl •.,. <>i lSl·oi·i::is\.,1:3_ ·'\!!J·z::iloi·q I
i"'·'\~ ·z::i~ .!i 1 tl.fc:ISlfl!\!!J''\~·z::i~ ~ 1
1jl!\ISl'q/:3_· ~<>J'z:;J'Uj'~''i!!l'<:Ji&l'',1 ~-11\tl.f'
d,C:ISl'}\'\~'Q~.!i'\11
z::i3,·l lSl'u;· ~·'\!!)'<:Jloi·l:f11
~fai::rr: i341'ttif>I:- ~l~"l'l'FflYl-
"ftcl>:, ~cf>~~li:f>11Yl'tti:f>:, $1fi1<1,-
lf6fcrm:
, anf.-t1:- ~~
"ll'!:il"ltl'11,
i:f> 11q i '/',et,:, !.I Ill ~I: c\, 11q I'tt i:f>:, 'N"li1<1'11t!'IT, ~~.
~ : . ~ : , 31cf>~"-l-
'i? ~ q I'tt i:f> .
!i1 <:U i1 ll1 q I'tt cf> ~i1 fc'r I
U: 'lfq)R * '34 l'tt<t>- ',]'?[ 'ffi'UT
1T1R ffl <ITc'J i3 q I'tt cf>, $11 ci1
WIT
U: ll <t> I~
~I
* 3Tih{- efruT if vfFl'
~ ftra,r (J;l tr 1<'1'1 ffl cfrC'1T ~ ~. 'F.! 'i:f>t i;rJ'<, ffl cfi
'341'ttcf>. $cri'1 c:r m q;'f Ylci11
3lta',• ~-,jilt..1
:fi'U...:, i:f> _..i;,,......
1~ = 4
'1'1
ffl cfrC'1T '3 q I'tt i:f>' Wfl'llT 'r'f 3ljYl<'1'1 ffl ~ 3TITT,
'3 4 1'tt i:f> (cfR ftra,r qi"[ q Icii '1 ~-~ "' 3lWT '6"t ~
ffl cfrC'1T '3 q I'tt i:f>)' 'r'f '3 q I'tt i:f> 3[tjc'f ~ 3lta'
~.
cf:m 3fflc'I 3TITTl I ,
am !i1tui14-'3Yl'ttcf> I '
The six kinds of ordained Jay Six types of foe-destroyers- Foe-
persons- An ordained lay destroyer liable to deterioration ,
person merely by having taken foe-destroyer wishing to die,
refuge in the three jewels, an foe-destroyer protecting one's
ordained lay person observing state of realization, foe-
only one of the five principal destroyer immutably abiding in
vows, an ordained lay person one's state of realization, foe-
observing only two of the five destroyer destined to have
principal vows, an ordained lay realization and foe-destroyer not
person observing most of the liable to move.
five root vows, a full-fledged a.~i:r~iq11,1·a111 ~1 3)1 loi·ui.!i1 '\~"l·
ordained lay person observing
all the five vows and an i::i1 ul'':j'f\"11 ~1·a.~11
ordained lay person observing
all the five vows until death and ~ ~ : - ~ : ~). l-JjlS/11:,
leading a life of celibacy. ~ : , '11~i:f>I:, JmT:, fai.l.51i1~i1 I
'
249
Set of Six
U": •IRllll- ~c1<11, '1j"1, ~. battle and disputation in demi-

""", Wf ~ full' 4c1,' I gods. suffering of en1ploying in
The six types of sentient beings- animals, suffering of hunger and
Gods, human beings, demi- thirst in hungry ghosts and
gods, hell beings, hungry ghosts suffering of heat and cold in
and animals. hellish beings.
"'fr:r~11Jlll'a11J·~·i"l'<l'!!_"l'a"l ~ ·"l·r.i.£ ·
r.i.?.r· ic:·5'\'~' t"l'CJ'l!,"lf 3l'"l' ~- <ff 11
r.i.£3-· tl!]'CJ 'i!,"l f l3l'\'"l''l~!:il\~· t"l' OJlf
l:l 'l!,"l f ~'\·,,.sf "l'l:11"l'y'\'~' t "l 'CJ t "l f '!f6f<tm:
'
31 cl-,l·if, Ii!I:- tj iti'j,
c!, o,s c'i '1, cl, fa ail> I, cj c'i ll 'j,
cl). ~"l Ill' "l' l:l;;j Ill'{~·~. t "l' l:l 'I!, Al \ '\~Al' "
'll'lifl' q q"1<1 '1, '1 <i'i ~-4Ri
' -'"" I
'
i:i-<; ~sic:·~. t "l·i:i t"l· arn u-: Y<l>l'x ,i; 3R'f<f>l'x- 'mn,
qj, 0-sc'i, w, w. 'll'iffiqq")a cfm
~~ ~fcrq ~:~- ~ "R'l '<'! I
qfu qa ai s:Bl'f, ,i jdi 1 "'1ft'r- Six types of ornament- Wheel,
,i ~ 01 s:Bl'f. 31 '\i~'.l. g<& cl, c'ii','l,:<511'(. earrings, necklace, bangle, the
fc,-4~ qRc1vlais:Bl'f. ~ sacred thread made of silk and
~ : B l ' ( , '1~<$'.j, '3Wl~~<'1'.'i,:<R the I,ody covered with ashes.
tJ;fcr I
U-: •I Rl,i)' 1{ U": Y<l>l'x ,tj ~:'&-
t"i'a"l <r.i.l(!l'!"'·ai~l!l·r.i,;,·s'\·r.i~·~·
~<1<11311 4 qfa' (fiw,io1) ~ a"l) !ll·~i:i1 r"l"·a:i'\1 "-'4"l"·r.i·~1
q fu a 'i$T'1' <ITT ~ B. Tfj"1T 1'i "' ..... ...,,., ..,,..
~ . \iRT, ~ Cl~ ¥.]; <ITT
'\S"l'"l ~ 111 s"l" ·me:· 1 ~ ". SJ"llll' CJ olll·
~:B. ~ 1'i ".],? ~ c!,c'ii', ~"l'llll
'3<"l"'1 m <ITT ~:m. R14c1,1 l'i
'!f6 3R'f<t>l~I: (fcl"<l'l 3R'f<l>:cf-u:
fi'1 lll 11 'i$T'1' <ITT "l,:@, W B ~ ' ' "'
-qci 'C!:!RI <ITT ~:@ ~:1:r[ " " " l'i ' - I 3RM:
'!f6' 31c'i.<1>1~1:)- '11'11.S'1: J,'
BWT ~ ~ "c!,T "l,:<SI I 3114 ~ c1:' cj xj,ol ":J;:' fG <5;'11' I:'
Six types of suffering ot\the six 1c1 •\c1>"1 fct~..'.) fu I
migrators (sentient bemgs)- U": 3R'f<f}l'x (fcl ~ cl <ITT 3R'f~
Suffering Jf migration '1;lnd ffl ™
u-: 3R'f<f>l'x)-
falling in gods, suffering tiJ '1 I' Ilqt'1, 3RM, 3114~<1, <l>tj<I":!,
birth, agitg, sickness and death FG-s;'1FI cfm ti4c6lfct I
in human beings, suffering of
Set of Six
Six Ornaments (The Six Orna- cause, omnipresent cause and

ments who beutify this worldj- npen1ng cause.
Nagarjuna, Asaitga, Aryadeva,
Vasubandhu, Diitnaga and i1·i:a111 s·Qa·i11 J1·r.ia·i11 ~/lJ·
DharrnakTrti. a.["-'i'i1 "''i11 o1·i11 111~~·.i)'i'i1·

ti,i·q·~111~·a111 ~o1·r.i"·~c:,·ais;'i1 &Qi\ \11
r.i1 ~i\· ii\·a.§ c:_· <lli\~ I it'i 'ir.illy.il 'i I
...,.. -
'ii\'u.i 'i· ~Q· r.i I ...,....... -
~·e_·a.a;c:·c: ·11
~ d ..=,11 fil I- 8h ll IA ~ 'j. 'cl"ll'f-
<1 ~ '1,
'
111 ' Id "51 'l,' fi'l rt'l A"51 'l,'
~'l-1c)_-a-.=,i-'1, 3l &ii a.--,i irfrr 1
~ l\it..J<iit'!Jf.'t- ~~li1'1:, 3'[en,:i:f:, u: <f-=j{- fw ii Ia.=,i, ~i1~11a-1a-.=,i-,
, "'
~:. ~:. 3l'ilEJRii<G:, 111 • 1 a.=,i, [{11a "'1, 'll<!A"'1 (lm
~I 31&11A"'1 I
ft!";, (~~) ~ U: <lJ,C'I- ~~1i1'1. Six classess of tantra- Action
3'fen,:i:f, ~. ~. tantra, performance tantra,
a1111 EJ Ri l<G (lm ~m 1 cohesive tantra, Father tantra,
The six families of Victor Mother tantra and the non-dual
(Buddha)- Vitirocana, tantra.
Ak~obhya, Ratnasambhava,
Amitabha, Amoghasiddhi and i1·t_·Q,a;1·,i,i·~·ai~Q,·a111 ~c:,·\a;1 2.~·
Vajradhara. \a;1 'iiifc:~·r.i-;i.li I 'iiifc:~·r.i· ~·a;·clla;·r.i1
i·a111 s'i'i1 'lli\.i<11·~c:·<1a·i1 ~/lJ· ;il:CJ~i\''-ll ;,·~·Q~a;·ai·clla;·r.i~11
a;~o1·~·i1 o1~c:~·~·~·i1 1a;·a.~· a.-:'laJJ&lm: ~ ~m:-
i1 ~.,·~i\·~·i·~·a,rriif1 .fla1tl:, ~:. -.i1Fc1a1tl:,
~ : , '1:!Q.J I'() A1,f:, 3'['1:!Q.J'R>-
~~f4'q: ~ : - i/>J~UJg1, ~ ' ~I
~ : . *1'>4Y/@g1:, *14"::4•1- ~ ~ '<li'R ~ U:
~&1=1=t..<!lml
tg:, fc1q1<1ig1~'<1R'I I cfil~<!i- ...\la1tl, ~ . ·,i1Fc1a1tl.
"EJ: Sl<lil~ ~ ~- i/>1~ 0 1g1, ~. 'l:!l,.ll'(ldltl ~
~ ~. fl'>l'!cffig\1, ~I
'114"::4•Jg1 (fm Fc14J<lig1 I The six extremes for explaining
Six causes- Acting cause, tantra- Interpretative meaning,
simultaneously arising cause, definite meaning, intentional
equal-state cause, concomitant meaning, non-intentional mean-
251
Set of Six
ing, the literal meaning and the

non-literal meaning.
-
<ll '11 i!l"1 <ll!jl!-l"<J"<J.;1!-l·l!-l 11 <11c:·~1
l!-l! ~1 il1 ~c:·1 ~ il<rJ·aJi{11
~o11!-l·.;'\·orq_5'\'"I f '1·5i"c:l!-l·"a.·l<rJl!-l.
"1 ~ I'J,"ffl1" ~
El It1 <I:- ~ .
~l!-l· !~·<JI ~·'lc:·~-"1~'\'"q·<Jt<J·il '\"<ll ~ : , ~Tfu'l, 'lifl'l, '1c/t1'l,, "fqqi
~ ' ' '
~I
s<::.~<J-~"'.5·1<J"<l1 "-C:.l!jC:.5·"1'11!-l "<)q. cfT
l!-l"! l!jl!-l"~. ~ '\" ~<::. o1l\ <iq·~ 'I"~'\. 5·q_~"' ~ : 311"4: ,
11""1'-tl, 3Tfi>ar: ' =:
,13, ""fR;:,
'Wf> ~ il R'I I
<Jit11 uJ~l'J,uf <!ft a: E.119,11·- ~ .
~ 111<1-11ii1•f<11fll1f.'I- qR~11'f1- ~ . Wfi, l!IB, "'1<ffi" 11m ~ I
~ct11. fl4'1!H11, cful~lq•ff;,it11, "llT
~ - \JWI, 3Tfi'ar, <111, ~ (1"\1j(
<l Itu IV.U ff'1 $:
3f q c/> 1~'1 q 'l <f ..\'i l1 t1 I,
~\)>;l,'\q ~:. tqf.'lqlfl Wfil
The six constituents of one who
\l~~l,f/.1 'l"l11t11xii'1'1 qRu11'l~il I is born from womb- Marrow,
u-: 1ll<l'11'11 1 f <$ "<11fll- ~ bone, semen, flesh, blood and
~ ~ ~ ~ N'11, ~ cfi skin.
~ ~ zci ftj.'J,i, ~-q<f ~ OR
Earth, water, fire, wind, channel
:!c!u ~. 3fU!Tc"l ~ olTtu
(artery) and semen .
.:wRltl ~ 3f '1 q 'l Fcf t1 N'11, ~
~ ~ et\ ~ c/>'1'11 '11m ffl ai('\'~'11"~"1 ~q·lJ"1·~·o1('1·~1!-l! ~q·~·
~ '4T "'1t ~ ~ 31ltll"'1 cfi ,:Jq·o1('I"~ l!-l 1 "1 ~'I'~ 311!-l"~ l!-l"'lq"OJ(~·
~ -.'i qf~cict.-J c/>'1'11 I
Six functions of the path of ~l!-l! {'1'~""1'\1!-li_l!-l·~·:i'l""q·ai('l~(\/1
meditation- Ever-peaceful &·q_~~-~·31('1"~1!-ll !ll!j"<l"!l'\"""~l!-l'<lq"
mind, self-disciplined and
humble, victory over the mass 31('1·""'"~1!-l"<l~ll
of delusions, no occasion for ~ 3!~$11:- ~cllil~:. ~ -
attack from internal and ~:. q>1~ct1$11'11~:.
external evils, ability to gain cr4Pici1fl1:.i;f<i,l1~:. *~
ertligh-tenment quickly and the ~:,3fRfcl~I
worthiness of being an object of D": 31~$1 ~ l'!lj!-~. ~
worship wherever one dwells. ~ - ~ . q'1~ct1$11'1 • .
252
~: Set of Six
q_4f.'lcJ 1*1 lj*'l_R1-~. c:liN,- ~oi 1 "'oi· .~<>1·<>1·:<.c:.·~·<1Ja.;oi·r.rr.\·r.\~·~oi 1

~ ('1211 3ITTacian:1"-~ I
Sixfold clairvoyance- Clair-
~ .::i~ a.;.~ 'I! oi· r.r·<>1 ·i oi·s·'\a.i·r.ra. r.\~-~ oi·
voyance of the divine eye, ~11
clairvoyance of the divine ear,
clairvoyance of knowing others' tl"l 'SI I cl t"l llc.: ~~: -
mind, clairvoyance of recol- 311,'l f.'I {I fi'1 fi $11, t!'l ~ q>slj fi $11,
lecting past lives and clairvo- <!>c'lll"l~,l ~<1fi$11, '3<'.l'll-
yance of miracle and clair- "'-11*1 lll: f.'I, l'l ll fi $11, WJTQT
voyance of the extinction of RJ, ~ fc1 qifi $11, ('[:mi@ "lfITT-
contamination. 'l,'('> q fi ;,i 1 ~ I
'"'\'Jla·a·(<>1·r.ra:{~·r.r·a"l ~·&i·a1·"'11 ::i•; tl'1l qi "'I q u I <l>TC'1 ~ '9:
'l 1.-ll d I ~-- x'<fll "<!>T "C/11ft cfiT
SI sc:.·~c:.·r.\~"l-~~·£1"1 sc:.·~c:.-~<!J· '1$11, !oT.\"<!>T ~ cfiT '1$11,
<!> c'll IoI~ -51 ci, Jm1 ~ cfiT ~.
{<I'll '.ij'<I'il'i1 ~-a.Jt'1!'1111
*1 Rl cii 3l"llIB ci, J:ifi'r x'rT ~
~;-;c11;-;tfl~<l>l'il llc.: ~ll'kl)~:- ~ N.'r cfiT ~. !oT.\ ci, R1l;
~ : . qt,*'1 R1:, ?J[fq: 3laf'lfi;:, c;"it!vf1cfl N.'f cfiT '1$11 ('1211
c:liflt: 11fc1 ~ IfcR-1:, ~ '1 cJ 1·i, ffl- ( l ~ ci, Jm'r f1 ""1 '1 ~ cfiT
ct'l'Wi1 fc1 I '1$11 I

~i;<lli;-~ if> '9: Six attitudes for listening to
~II 'kl I- ~ cJ '_),'('>, qt,*'1 fc1. ?J[fq teachings- Thinking oneself as
3!~, ?J[fq 11fc1~1RR-1. ~'1cJl"j a sick person, thinking the
o~ 3l ~cfl' ct1 'l I Dharma as a medicine, thinking
Six non-Buddhist masters who the teacher as a doctor, thinking
are believed to be the propo- to overcome sickness through
nents of nihilism- Guru of proper practice, wishing to
gods, Brhaspati, ~i Ak~apada, survive for the sake of Dharma
Rsi Gatisakti, Phenvat and practice and regarding
Asvottama. Tathagata as the Supreme
Being.
,111',~·r.ra·f\l"!oi·~·~~~oi·a"l :<.c:.·~'\·"'·'ll·
sa·Cl.~'J1oi i toi·<>1· 21~·'l/·sa·r.\~·~oii
z:il\r.r1 !.oi·'!i·a.il·~oil !.oi·'!i·a.ilc:.·::i1
'\~ .z:ia.~ oi·"1 ~ ~·<>1· ~~.r.r· 'l/'sa.r.\~-~ oi 1
!.oi·'!i·<!J~c:.·::i1 r.\~\r.r1 !.oi·'!i·r.\\'\'"'~II
~~-'ij ~- 'a.JOl'l!Ja! c:.'I'r.f'<>j '"'i '\'r.\af·z:iq·r.\~'
253
Set of Six
31:j,:'l'lf'icb~,
31j«Pf:, =,1~'-t=jy=<~ll=ct, 31jdlY:,
c/>lcb,IP'l, Ji"clqoj 'tl I t1 "ilf!" "1 a:Jl!,J. 'J l 9"1-i. "1 a:J l!,J" 'J l 'I/" tl" ")&ll!,J"
C '
a: 31:!~<'i)++~~<l>~El... 4- 31 j<'il f'I i/i-
~:, 31ji/·cl'f:, Xi'ijY<ll<1,,
'Jf is"l-~a:Jl!,J"")a:Jl!,J"'Jf fil"i"'J' l)&1"l"'JI
31.-fcilY:, c/>lcb,ll''l, 31.cclqoj 'tl I
.!, C '
The six regular virtues- Resig-

,,_~-Cl" ")a:J l!,J"'J~lf
nation to natural conesquences,
character, disposition to view a
~f<IEl": ~'illtl:- 311"1f21'11~1:,
q,fcl--11~1:, 'l'll'llfcl'11~1:, ~ftc,1Fcl--11~1:,
thing properly, remorse, sorrow
for good as well as bad acts and t11.1\f21--11~1:, 311~<lf21'11~1~i)fa I
qf
right ambition.
311"1f21'11~1:, q~fcl--11~1:, ~ -
i "'~·s°'·r.i·airi l!,Jc:_l!,J·tl!,Jl l!,J'''r':;°'·'Ji Fcl--11~1:, ~ftc,1Fcl--11~1:. t11.1lf21--11~1:,
t l!,Jll!,J' '~i':i"i"'Jf "iii] ""-'.:J"i:ll!,J" l!f :i"i"'Jf 311~<lf21'11~1~i)fa I
U: 'l"il>"R <Ii ~'illtl (~4"'1c11)-
is"f~a:Jl!,Jll!,J" ~':i"i''Jf 3llc'l ("fcfti) "cbT f21 '1 I~ I, ~ <Iii
9ijc;·cii,l!,J"~":i"i"'J~lf fcl '11 ~I, "lT'<! "cbT f21 '1 I~I, <!iT m
fcl '11 ~ I, 'tl"ln "cbT fcl '11 ~ I dW
llls<i'j,'f'fdll:- '.J,<i';ljqR,:, ~ - 311,.,f1fclc1,1 "cbT fcl--11~1 I
~ : , i/iE.lljqR,' ~ftc,111qR1:, "llT
<<lljqR,:, c;l'11jqfa~ijfa I 3lTc'l ("fcfti) "cbT f21 '1 I~ I, ~ <Iii
a: 31 'j,'f'f RI ll i- '.J,<i'i Ijq fa, f21 '1 I~ I, "lT'<! "cbT f21 '1 I~ I, <Iii m
El'lljqRl, i/iE.lljqfa, ~ftcilj- fcl '11 ~ I, 'tl"ln "cbT f21 '1 I~ I dW
~ . <<lljqfa "C;ci <;1'11:jqfa I 311"1l<l "cbT Rl--11~11
The six recollections- Recol- Six types of deterioration
lection of Buddha, recollection (degenerations)- Deterioration
of Dharma, recollection of of self, deterioration of others,
Sangha, recollection of moral deterioration of fortune, deterio-
discipline, recollection of deity ration of moral discipline,
and recollection of the giving. deterioration of conduct and
deterioration of livelihood.
'l)&llll'r.i·airi ci"' 9·., a:Jl!,J" 'Ji iri "1-i·")a:Jlll "'JJ OR
~Ql·t1·,a:Jl!,J''J! is"l-~a:Jl!,J" ")a:Jl!,J"'J! I "'.'J. Deterioration of self, deteriora-

tion of others, deterioration of
")a:Jl!,J''Jf "-~'Cl'")a:Jl!,J''J~lf view, deterioration of moral
discipline, deterioration of
254
Set of Six
conduct and deterioration of 5i· i;~·a"l "-11·a;lljl!-l1 rzii:,·rsr i:,·t<>Jr

livelihood.
a.:· ~llj'<i f 'i:i. a\';;·f-i·af,; l!,l' ~°'i I ilf"1' './ii{l 1
~~·(115i·~~·a"l 1!:!1 ~~·~i:,·1 ~{1
lSfc~
zjm:- '111• !.I R1 <1• "11T"f•
f I I
(11 5i;;·~i:,·1 i·~i:,1!-l·~11 31 fcl t1 I, f<-rc.1 t'ic'. fcl Ri Fci, t+l 1, ftrv:n-
'11!1l-lx1c1~6,•). >JU111~6,• (ID). f<-rc.1 t'ic'.Fci Ri Fcl,t+11 o:m ftr,ui 11fGc: I
4~'<11<';~6,- (<a"11<'fil&1•) ~ I Six types of delusions- Desire,
~-"<lflr ~ u-: 11'6'"'<- m:<'fiTc'I anger, pride, ignorance, deluded
(~)' J:JU!ffi ~ 3l q" "'· (il cfr., doubt and perverted view.
~ iz., c/, "fll'fZr c/, 31 "tP fa
3lRt i). ID. i:rv:r ID o:m ~~·ii'i:.~·<1a·i·a"l ~-ir 1.s!lljl!-l''-11 "'~
"i3""!T "<'bl'c'I (il cfr., >16'< ID cl,
a.,;1 <llj\<i[ 'l1"'~''-1[ u)\"l'S1'"i{II
31 "t •fct 3lIB "5) I
Six sessions throughout a day zj 'l 11 '1 I ~ ffi•- 3TI'c["R':,
and night- Morning, afternoon 311 C'1 ~ "I 11,' ,-ifP f., cJ i1 "I l-J,' Jl'RlTff ·''
and twilight, these three 11 "I {<'b Ix ~ -t1 R1 I
sessions are of the day time. zjm ~ u-= ~- 3Tit!R.
Late evening, midnight and pre- 311 C'1 ~ "I, -m:rrf (<tii<'l 16<'1 ), cfi1""1,
dawn, these three sessions are Jl'RlTff "t!i1TT 11 "I {<'b Ix I
included in the night time. The six causes of generating
~5i·ii'i:.~·i.~·mi.·~·o1"·a"l ;;·~llj·'-11 ""1' delusions- Support, object,
public gathering, speaking,
al1'<11 <>i·af1 ;;·11·<11 "1~11 ~1·<1i{II familiarity and attention (mental
engage-ment).
~ l-Ji;l.)-<'l'll1IJll<1>1•- 31Fcitll,
>f'llc;•, <'bi~ tl l-J, 311~2,i l-J, fi'I<!'; 11, ~~·ii'i:,~·"a·~·o1·a"l 11 "1u:r1 tlljl!-l''-11
' """'- ' '
3ft <!'i ,zj i1fu I
a.i11j·<11 "-F-i'"-,;°'i I ~;;·a.:l5'i{11
U-• l-161.)-<'l'll'>{_~- 3lFcitil, ~ .
311 C'1 f'll, 3l ~ . f.°rl:T "t!i1TT ~ >l II CJ I ~ l-l <'11 f.'l- +ll'"m,
3i1 <!'i ,,i
I ~llc'.('-j'j, 'le;•, ~<';I'll, '34"116:,
Six bases of big delusion- fcl fg fl I i1fu I
lgnorance, non-conscientious- zjm ~ u-: lf<'l'- +ll'"m. ~11<'(<1.
ness, laziness, non-faith (faith- 'le;, J.l<;lxi, '34"116 ~ Fcli%fll I
lessness), sleep and excitement.
255
Set of Six
The six stains of delusions- ~ ~ '1~

Deception, dishonesty, conceit, ~~I
outrage, grudge and violence. The six ways to classify the
correct reasons- Correct reason
~c:·~·~"·i·ji:rr.ra"l oi·ar1 c:·!"ll according to nature, correct
"]"11 .li''i'CJJ faJ'C1'3l'j'CJJ faJ'Cl'ClilJ!o.l' reason according to the way it is
applied to the predicate, correct
ol'11 reason according to it is they are
established, correct reason
~ ~ - 4'141€.l't, according to the thesis, correct
l!T"f:, ~ 11 q'-I'\, 31~ <il fll '\. 31 ell I'-11 •-J:
reason according to the way it is
(3llWT). ell I'-11 'i (3Rflll1T:) Vq I applied to the similar and
fll-11~ ~ lJ: 311<1~"1 c/J~ffitl, correct reason according to the
l!T"f, ~ 11 a '-1, 3/14 i:'ll , 31 cll I'-11 'i disputants.
(3llWT) ~ cll I'-11 '1 (3Rflll1T) I
Six obscurations to meditative ~"''j'IC:'~Q:f!.IGl'a"] &i"]'~''jCIC:'tl! ~·
concentration- Laziness, pride, CIQ,''jCIC:'tl! 1Q,''jCIC:'tlj ~Q,''jCJC:'<Ji
conceit, agitation, non-effort
and effort. ~Gl'~''jCIC:'tlj ul'j'~''jCIC:'2ii,_'1!
ry"]Gl'"lc:·'\"1'~·'\S·(·a"l f ~· i °'J!,.l·'is· 31T-'SI '-1-si_cl I : ~ ~ f;: ll Ell <1 <1:-
Cl! Cl~Cl'CJQ, i'"J!o.i''iS'CI! ~Cl'i"l'~'( -,~ ~ '-I 'i,

TfilR ' ~~[';;1.111. ' '111fict-
~ '-I'\, R;i ii~[';; '-I'\. =c/J-ril./1>+-'~-'-I='\.
"J!,.l''iS'Clj Cl~Cl';')Q,'{"J!o.i''iS'CI! !.1(!3i' Ii '1 ~ ~ ,i (Ii I"I fl f;; '-1 't) itfc't I
3IT-'Slll*>cft lJ: ~-*'1~1=g;-
!"lJ!o.l'QJ'~"l'i"l·~· (·o\J!o.i·'is·ci1 .li'QJ·
'i'f~R~'-I. m~F;; 1.1. '11lfi<t-
cia· (·°'J!,.l''iS·ci;,,-11 ~- f(;iii~f;; '-1, c/JI <1 ~ '-I elm
Ii '1 ~ f;; '-I (Ii I"I fl f;; '-I) I
fll-l.l•(ihrr: ~ 1lGf:- ~ The six sense faculties as the
~=-~~=-~ reliance- Eye sense faculty, ear
~=-~~:.~ sense faculty, nose sense
~:. ~cll~"II i1G~i!R'i i faculty, tongue sense faculty,
fll-l.lcl;_ ~ ~ -s: ilG~- ~ body sense. faculty and mental
~ 31jfll, ~ ~- ~ sense faculty.
~ ~ 31:!fll, ~ ~-
~ ~ ~ ~ 31jfll, flRlc/\
~..,-~·i:ra"l ':!]C:J!o.l'~'CJJ ~"'·~·q1 s·s9·
~ ~ ~ 31jfll, ~ Gj ~'q'CJ'il3i'Gj "]i"-·~·qj !C:'l:l,'4"'q{!i
~- 31jc/J"C'1 'l'a'! ~ 31jfll,
256
Set of Six
"1"-''il u: ~ - '3"1\.1111'1. ~ -
'
\.11.fl'I. IHI f.'a \.1111'1.
' ~ '
cll-frnlj\.1111'1,
!C:'".'4'\'!Jl !"l'Q'!Jl ~C:l!J'il'\'!Jl ~'\'
c;~f-1>i1•f cl~ 'ilcl'11"11'f I
t,('Qj ~9'<t'il'\'<tj a'!:19'!J~ll The six Dharmas to be realized-
The heat level of the path of
lfc; cl"<t , qfu,ga:, f.'11:t.e:r:, the path of preparation, the
<'1lcl>ll1<1: (ilici\c1>:) 'cl" I forbearance level of the path of
qf preparation, the supreme level
'<'llcllcl>: (c1lcl>ll1<1:), '*1:, ~ii(,~:. of the path of preparation, the
i11"1if1cl>:, 41.11~c1>:, ~~lfGcl>~il I path of seeing and the path of
meditation.
9": c!<t<l'l<ft- '{ii{.,'<-!, ~li¥fll,ll,
~~'1fGc1>, qfu-sa, f.'11:t.e:r ~ (111111·r.i·grci.s l!J'<t'a"1 ( fc~f"llf"l(<J'~q·
'<'llcllct> I
("!<'J'~q·df.ry·7f§lff) ~-<l~'\·~9111·
"I.IT
'<'llcllcl> (c1lcl>lll<1), '*1, f11{.,'<.i, !JIN'~ l!J'~Q'l<J~".''\9' ~C: "'l'!J<l~". j "-~'\·
4111i+1c1>, 41.11fliq-; ~ ~~lfGcl> I
The six ancient schools of
r.i· ~ l<i "'l' t.t·.l:l ·l<lc:ci.· <1 I <1 i'I·"- ~ 111· ~l</ 111·<J'
philosophy- Samkya, Barhas- 3l'i!lC:".'<ll ~'\'<J'~l<J"'l'<J'&l'l<JC:".'Qj ~c:·
patya, V itise~ika, Pai;i<:lita,
Nirgrantha and Lokayata 2. ·ci.~'\. ~l<i Ill. q·.l:l·l<lc:ci.· QI ~ 111· ,t,<1· ~l<J l!J. q·
(Carvii.ka).
OR
.l:l. l<Jc: ci.· QI ~l<J- !J"-' si'"'. Qi:l; "ll<J' ~l<J l!J',r.l:l.
-
Carvaka (Lokayata), Jitina,
Samkhya, Mimaitsaka, Nitiya-
l<lc:ci.· Q'""111 9· qf1·a
yika and V aise~ika. ~ 31~'1'11~~1<1>1 ~~Efl-lf:-
f14$1lllclxl,l51"11<1 c l ~ -11Ra
rlljlll't.ta·l111·a111 i"-'"loJ'{'\ l {"-'"loJ't '
U"GYR81fu1:, '11Ra <fl4qR51fu1:,
&1'1 {"-'"ll<J'Qa\r.i1 i"-'"'i<J'l111·l<li'9 '11Ra, f<iR'IYR81fu1:, '11Ra
+1"11~qRs1fu1:, '11Ra \.1$1IYR81fu1:,
ill~c: ·"ll<J 1 ii'l<J'"ll<J'~ ·a9·iif1 '11Ra Rl'.l,fiffiqR51fu1~t1R'l 1
U: ~'1"1-"];Uf {ffmw '(ff FT:
'16 31~'11-1"1•-fllll: Efl-!f:- ~-
'
m:, ~:, 1Hlf~·rn1.1'1•1:,
arfwr1r-1Jurr ~ ~ ¥
'f1'lft $1 ll Icl xoi\ cp[ 1,151 oI fcl>m t,
3ffitlll: (!01 '1lrn 11\.1111' I:), c; ~I •1'11 •I:, am: ;;,.r'i ;,,m U"G i. ;,,m
~lcl•ll"ll'f~t1R'I I cfii:l t. ;,,m ~ t ;,,m
257
Set of Six
f1 'i IR:f t. 31aftur ~ t <1:m 1:1~·~111 ~ ~-<Ja: 'l/1:1~ I 1:1~51 ·<J<>.' 'l/ QOJ\
31af\ur Fcl '.j,fcln '1T'f t I
=i-i"<JQ,"f<1~! ~~"Cl<cji\"~ f <1~1 <1!~·
Six qualities of realization (Six
qualities of realization of
Tathiigat:i)- Since Tathiigata is
devoid of all obscurations of ~!1
knowledge, so he does not
q-.g_ llf"r ~ -'1<'1 <I 61 '\. 31 I~ Il.l <I c'1 ~.
possess aspiration going in vain,
does not possess any effort
,.ir' R1 <I 61 'i , f1 IJ.Fi1 'xl <I 61 'i , cful-
' '
going in vain, does not possess .
D":
~ .' fi<'b10\<1&i i\fcr I
-'1<1-GJc'f. 3ITTT'-l-<!c!,
if<,[-
lack of mindfulness, does not
possess lack of concentration, ~-GJc'I, f1 l-\.1 "1 'xl-GJc'I, cfu!-.
does not possess wisdom GJc'f. ~ ti"ct,")o\-GJc'! I
declined and does not possess Six forces- The force of hearing,
declining reversibility from the force of conte1nplation, the
liberated path. force of mindfulness. the force
of introspection, the force of
(i\''f~II] ~1·~c;;{9l)•l"g'j\ ':)i\"3"~"9'\~ effort and the force of
'll~-~·;11 ~·"'-\1·~ ;!"AA ;!""Jt;;''itl]' ~"I· familiarity.
1:1~i\''l'~i51~~·!·1".si~·~111 £i 9·~ A31 -~ 01 '.

~-q.;_A 31·~~1 ~.;,A51·~~1 ~.;,-~51 -~ 01 1
'ci«:. ::1"A
'-.. """'
0-:·,9 ~ : "-I\::1 A51 ·-9- .«:.. v
«: ii
~ ~11'(-tjlx:- i:rY°T: c/Jl"!~Y·,
'if<b~ ·il~1161'J/~:. fi014't ~,1,gj- ~ 11RltscJ1'1Fcl$1l'11'lld<1:- · -
T":, ~: q,~lijjl-<161:, $11'1'1, ¥.l-51Fcl$11'1'i, '11RFP1-
' '
ijj I,l.11 I.Fi:. f.rf-.q'\ $11 R1 'l,-51 ~ i1 R1 I +sfi1>=;,i~1~.,~'\. fGJ ~<I Ifc1 $11 '1 '\. cBTll-
'i.P: :! II «I I- i:rY°T ijj I~ l.l q , 'i f<b ~ fcl $11 '1 'i' , 'i '11 fcl $11 'i ilft'r I
' 11 ~ 1161 'J.-51. xi "1 ~~I ~ -I h?l 'J.-51. YRitscJl'1'(ii4"i D": f.'1$11'11111!~·
~ q,~lijjl-<161, cfil,l.lll.1'1 ~ <!1:_l,Rl"$11'1, ~l-51Rl$11'1, '11Rii!il-
f.rf-.q'\ $11 R1 'l,-51 I Rl$11'1, fGJ~<11Fcl$11'1, cfill.1Fcl$11'1
Six non-Buddhist masters- <1:m '1'11 Fcl $11'1 I
Piiral).a Kiisypa, MaskarI The six consciousnesses that
Gosalaputra, SafijayI V itiradi- depend (on the sense facul-
putra, Ajita Kesakambala, ties)- Eye consciousness, ear
Kiityiiyana and Nirgrantha consciousness, nose cons-
Jfiiiti putra. ciousness, tongue conscious-
258
Set of Six
~~~~~~~~~~~~~·-,-~--::---.,--,:,~~~~-,,-~~~,,....-
ness, touch consc10usness and ~"1':),!'ol~C:.'"lolj "-'\"-'~C\'"lolj "-'\"-'S'\'
mental consciousness.
~· aii c:. ·Al ol'.if11
~ •h51lll'1C:,tf'1'll'I f:_ 311'1"14-

...,., • .,.. - e,,. ...,,. ..,..-c,,
CJ;,~ I '~°i'"l l!j'<l"-' CJ '!l°i'CJ'l~ I "-"i'l!]UJ c r c;~f'1'll'f:. jFcltic;~f'1'll'f:. '1'-iT-
q fca c; ~f'1 'l I' f:. 31 ji:'11'1 $11 '1 c; ~f'1-
CJ'!j"i'CJ~·~1 CJg':l"l'~'Cj'!l°i'!:Ji~1 i~· <l'
-i:wf:. 31f<la,~c;~J'1'll 1f:. 3ffi'r-
~,;·oi "i'""-'Cl'!l°i'Cji~ I !\<i· ~,;·oi °i·qcl_· Wl'l01c;~f'1'll'f~i!R1 I
'1151<11'1 c;~f'l qi -g: lWf-
!:J'!j°i'CJiN~il
31'1"114 c;~f.-i111,f, jfcltic;~J'l'll'f.
11,s f.'lti » 3lfl11 tl ~II H'l- f.'Rclc!>- f1l-JlqR\i-c;~f'1'll 1f. ~ -
' ' '
~ 11 {--;I 'l, , Pi v:ncl c/l ~ 11 {--;I 'l' , 't9C'I- c;~\'11111\, :,iR1w~c;~\.-i'l1•f e1m
=gcffi=~=11=,-=~TI/'j. c/l ,t, o11 Fci '],cffi ~ 11 {-~ 'l ,, 31U1Wl'l 01c;~f'1'll'f I
'!l/1 q, ~ 11 f-:1 '-[. ll M q, ~ II Bi il"fu I Six paths of seeing of Mahii-
ff: "\r"if>R qi ~ II H I'll I tl' yiinins- Uniterrupted path of
(3T!rl'llf'al•l> 'ill*"'!)- ffi2:fqj seeing, path of seeing of
~. Pi~~ ~llf-:1, t9c'1 ~ thorough liberation, path of
seeing of meditative equipoise,
1:Icffi' W"x-'o! (~ tl ~ 3!UT<T'1 ~
path of seeing of the post
tfc'1 ctt "11q-11 '3"1"1 M m). meditative wisdom, the path to
c/,,:,011 "ff xi%"cf VIT'R (f~f1~
be transcended and transcending
~ "ff c/l ,t, O11 '3 "1 ~r -...ft
path of seeing.
ctf'r m). ~ ~11f-'J. e1m
liMq, ~llf-:11
Six types of imperfect scriptural
Cj~ol'l!]'i"il il!]'~"lj "'~"i'<ll ~~'!i°il
texts- The meaningless
scriptural texts, the misleading ~ c:. '?.."'~'\' Cji,~' ~l!j. iif1
scriptural texts, the deceptive
scriptural texts, the uncom- IC'l '<l st, d "?11 '.),tl I~ oI lRS tl Al "'1-
passionate scriptural texts, the sl> 'l ll) '11,s, lf"!f.'r- 1,1 ,ll Iil ":. IA l'l'l,'
scriptural texts which stresses 1,110111.Jl'l:, tfR'lfi. 31:j,,"2R1:,
hearing and the scriptural texts f1'll~~i!R1 I
which stresses debate. I C'l '<l st, d .--:ii qi 31 '.),tl I , -g:
tlAJ"'lsl,'lll) 'I i•I- ~~ 11;1,.
'il11J'i°i·51{c:.·<11&ralff CJ,;· ,!;'\'&i '\'"l51 I ~51·
El:1T"!, 1,11 o11 ll I'l, tfR'lfi. 31 jfli f<1
gf"l'"l 51 I 51 ~51· CJ"j!!]'l1l51 I ~ ~·iCj' ii:!· a-m fl'l Ifu I
259
Set of Six
Six limbs of the Completion lJ: ?It.\),~-- g1-1"1, "fflcf, ~.

Stage Practice according to -i;f\u:J, cJ1'IT <fll.TT ~ I
the Kiilacakra-tantra- Collec- Six seasons- Late winter, early
tion, meditattion, breath control, winter, spring, summer, ramy
retention formula, recollection and autumn.
(mindfulness) and concentra-
tion. ~·1:1~-i'IIJil11J 151'<1'allJ ~oJ'<l"-'"ai"-'oJe:"'\I £i
::ij'\"<11 ~"i-~"i""'§"-"<!j3il!.l\ q'\"'\Q"I
::i~sl ~--z\-'illJ UJ"-·~-~"l·::i~I oJ"-' &I'\\ '\"i'ci:i\~::i·<11 \·t_"oloJ•r'\<lqll
~-~"l-~"-·~·5ioJl!.l·~11 'le ~:- ~{ltj.-j: 3[fflRj:

' ' '
~ : , 3!PffiTll: , 3[lfl£1ffi~:
I~,
~ •It-; Iii> Icl I:- 'jfurn, 3Pi Icl f<1 I. =q;.i=t1~f'cl=~-i1=""fa"" I
31 'c i:fl fi'lfu:, ~ c/, 11 ~~I fa: fi'lfu:, u: <fl!.lTlla- a{l tj .-i. 3fan'Rl.
'1cfc'l4~ c;~lltl fi'\fu:, ~. 3!PffiTll, 3[lf1£1ff1R;
c/,till4~ q.51tjfi-l~1fa: ~ I <fll.TT cl'>if1f'cl I
< '
lJ: 'li,lil>lc'I- 'lfurn, 31'ilclf<11, Six Tathiigatas- Vairocana,
3lTocft fi'lfu, \j 'ff! f1 c\'j fi'lfu. A4obhya, Ratnasambhava,
Amitabha, Amoghasiddha and
'1cfc'I qa, clft c; f14'i fi'lfu <fll.TT
Vajrasattva.
iii"' Iqa, clft q ti:j"j f1 c7i fi'lfu I
The six great occasions- Full sa.·'\S·"a111 ~·~oJ·<11 ~·,;·::ir Q".'"11
moon day, dark half of the
moon (The new moon, the
~"'-~<!j-al!.l·<lr 1"·::i·"ll!.l.§"'·::i1 ci:J'i;oi·
auspicious 30111 day of the ~-~"-''-1' ~ ·~<!j'<i'fI

Tibetan calander month), eighth
day of a month, twenty-ninth ~fclir: lT"Er:- '\!' I f.tr:, ~ ,
day of a month, tenth day of the i!i 'i ' Ia.:r: , f1 g"1 ' 1-t:f: , fi lil "1 c/,-
bright half of the moon and 'Rl:, i!i kl ct --1"111 • Iit! ~il fa I
twenty-fifth day of the dark half U: !.lil>li! <!ft Tf"-'cl- ~ . ~ .
of the moon. . '
i!i 'i •1-t:T, i!i g "1 ' 1-t:I, i!i 111 "1 c/, 1J'"1
oll.TT i!iklct--1"111 lRl I
~111·~111·a111·;r'\5·1:11 'illJ-i'{'\1 'illJ"i'
Six types of smells (odours)-
~'ii ~'ii ~"l''IJ! '\S"-1 {-i'~II Sweet smell, bad smell,
indifferent smell, innately born
~ ?ft.Oq:- gy'fl:, ~l~li!:,
smell, applied srnell and
cl f1 "1:, -i:f\ur:, cJl'IT, rn ~I
converted smell.
'
260
Set of Six
cfl!-11 •1a •r•f 'fll lf6

'
wn:- f.i Fc\ cfi c'l1 :
~ v \l I i,Hll t, ~ i1 ,tr . f.i fcl cfi c'l1 f.i xl'l'fm: .
"<!;QJ'" l 1<l 'll'~" 'll' lll lf
31 q, '11 'j{ii q 'j, f.i fi'I m Ii1 c1:, <11fr
~ f.'11'.l If.l '1 <'11 f.l- Fc1ocrr, =. ~[.-llcll, !,l fl ..,.,:rn fa qc1 IFaw I'tlM Ic'\
' 1'" '
'cJP-n-\c1 '1, c/J o\>1 c1'1, ~~ ISI-F1,
~ ' ' ' M</if21!.l>11'!-<1,:, ~ >ffi1-
=11mR,..,ic/>=1~'1-=i<:'i- (R-i tJ I"1 c/J'j) <WI I
,,:4i\c;c1e-Jfillif>~I <lfi'r I
0: l,I if> I x .f> 1R'f- fc1ocrr. 'v(. al!.l1•1a 11'4 .i, u-: Qlf- ,mu ~
'cl~, cfj0\'1c1, <'IR <112.!T '11R=ic!il
lJIB 31"ITG qij- cfi c'Y '11 x'\ ~.
<'ITT "'le'! I
f.i Fc\<15 .,q 3Wffil x'I ~.
Six excretions- Excrement, urine,
31 qx'11 'j x'\ •If<l a 'Wf. c'[e-J'UT cfi
eye mucus, ear-wax, saliva and
cfi Ix aI Fcl i1 ~ a ., N'fT. '3<lt!
nasal mucus.
fcl II lll x'\ !,l fl "ll !,l fa Qcl ~.-ll (11 x'\
a''Y~l ( aJc.aJ·~aJ·~:11·"iq·,,a.·~"i:,r'lll) ~ ffi cfi <151,01 ~ N'fT
a:m ~ {q'l'fjq !.l fa '4 it c; '1 c'le-J'UT
"i "l "''lil l 1'llq·li1 "'S]'a.J~'lllll f "''" •;
~ N'1T t I
x't
"11 "'~"i'"l i!i<llll'~'~a.J'll'~ll The six features of the essence
of Tathiigata- Being free from
~ <llffl<lil: ("1 11<1cll<J,~ grasping at subject or objective
.Ill I being free from body of subtle
~II q ~ I "11 )- "'1'""G, '3 q '1.-i:; , particles, being free from
3IBfcfi", '3t;llj'\ ~ . <112.!T ~ I disturbances, being naturally
The six close disciples- Nanda, pure because their emptiness
Upananda, Asvaka, UdayT, transcends non-affirming nega-
Chanda, and Punarvasu. tives and experiencing the self-
nature by intuitive awareness.
11~ ·~ "Jlll'{ ~·a
c.·<la:i' "1 'll ~F "'~"i·,,r
~lljlll''<Q.{llj''<'5l1'"! ~a,J·q•;5l{llj' q/l.·
- ...... c-.. ?
1i::·q·5l1·" I S"'·~·,;q·~·'ll~'lllll'5l 1·"1 "l "'ic.aJ·~·.Fflll''<"-'S'<JC\'<l1"i·"1 ~c.·
"~"i'aJQ.'lljc1r<J'5l 1'"l ~ '~aJ'll'~aJ' f ,: · <i•·s·<ill.·<i~"i."I "ic.'"i·~"·~·s·<ill.'<i~"i·

'<Q.'5l 1'1'11 lll'"' 'll'"'1'll',,a,·,;,::·q~"i'~\ "I <i~aJ·q•·s·q/l.·<i~"i·"iifl
ll!'ll"J'<lf ,;,::·~·(;s'·~·~,;,::·~aJ'~ll]''<Q.' ll~f.'11'.l' "H,ll'{- ,i,llfkll'j, ,rn-
lll~"i. ~1·il"i'<l i5'1l.~ll fkll'i,, qR;,'111,,:-1c-<1>1,' !.lt;lt1i:l.1-
261
Set of Six
*1,<Fj, "flTl!'llc<bctcl1fkll'j, ~ - basis, inviting the desired deity

a cl1 fl <'N ~ ~ - fl,llxi,ll, showing the emblem, making
'!qlfi<'ll, qR$1llfl,ll, ~51<1Clj*l~. offerings and praise, performing
et
"f!Ta-11 c<b cl1 fl <'ll ~ 'li Icl ~ t1 i:11- confession etc., and contem-
"fl"<'ll I plation over the four immea-
Six types of truth- Truth of truth, sureables.
truth of lies, truth of perfect Q.~~l!l'a9 5lll]·~ l!l"Q,1l!l'i\ ·?_ll]·<l·"ll!l'§~-
comprehension, truth of the
object to be abandoned, truth of z:ia.· i=-·z:i r ~'<ll!l'Q,11!l·i\ ·?_lll·<l·"ll!l'§~-
the object to be perceived and
z:ia.· £",'<I[ ~ l!l'Q,)l!l'i\ ,?_ll]'<l'"ll!l'§ ~·1:JF\'
truth of the object to be
meditated upon. £",'<I[ ~l!l'Q,)l!l'ry ·?_ll]'<J'"ll!l'§c:.· <1<>:l,;·
ol~~·qa'\·qtq·1:1a·s·q·a111 ~o1,·z:i~'\-<lf Qr ':il!l'~l!l·,.,,11!l·11 ·?_lll·<l·"l l!l'§c:.·r;ia.·l,;·
z:i~o1,·<i· l yo1,·:;c:.l!l·i\ ·z:i'1llll!l·~-lll~"l·z:ir ll[ cll'\'~l!l'C\)l!l'i\ ·?_ '1]' <J'"l l!l'§ c:.·z:i1,·,i',;·
!:!'11'$'<1~<1,-<i[ oii\z:if'\·s·z:i1 <1'1'111!l' llil.'r r
<i·~ll]l!l·s·r;i I ~'\-ai'\·z:i~·z:i(oi·<iil.'[[ <JJ<;'"i1
~1:1) <'I rca ~~ <r~ lie; <1> 1ll rra 1- 5l·i,ll]·<la. "')·~ l!l r t '11 <I 'l!_"l"Qa. "'1·~1!lr
~=. QR1~1x 1<'l<\
0 ~-
<<l1~cl1.J ~ 'ff ffii<'ll4- '1'\'11·.i '\'<Ja.·"'1·~ l!l r 5l·lll~·z:ia.·"')-~l!l r
~. ~c;IQc;~\'i'j, 1v'fT- "'~'Ila.'"')'~ l!l r "'~ll] '~"i <Ja.''\( ,,r <Jl!l'
«J,R1~i.i, 414<~1'11i"G, ~-
~ -Afa-1 r '11-~ l!l'.i'\.<Ja.·"'1·~ l!l '~rr
fl 'llff "<'I rca <t>'t ~ ~ ~ ~ <JJC:."~l
u: cf>Tlf- ~ 'PT '3c<11i;,
Qf<l~l-< 0 1 -wfi ii<c<cl cl>1' i!J~o1,·r;i;,;l!,l·~·"'1-~ l!l I oi~o1,·.i '\-~·"')-~ l!lJ
3Wi f.':1 a cpi[ 13 '1 <tl cffii ~ ci,
$'tC:.'Qa.'"-)'~l!lj *-~·z:ia.·"'1'~1!l[ .t~·
fu"c; ID4-'1T, ~ 'PT Qc;~\'1, 1li'fT
~ ~ . q1q<~l'il ~ <liT ~ C'\ ""'
"''\·<Jci. ·ci.1·"1 l!l r
C\ :'I C'\ ,rl] .,,,.
il ·OJ c:.·"' '\' <Jci. ·ci.1·"1 l!l' l!l 11
f.'t '11 "'1 aI 't1':!IT ~ 31 Q~ lll <liT
'l'!fcf'1T I ~~ "fl'm- '1'fqfifll~lu11 ~.
Six actions for the accom- m?1fi,-q~\u11 ~. 'ilffi<l>I
plishment of the Front fifll~lu11 ~. N1i!~lxifl1~1"11
Generation- Generating the
262
~: Set of Six
and discrimination produced

•F1 ffi fY ~\\ii I ~ 'll;R'r I through mental contact.
OR
ell
31f-1,4f1$11, ~/sl-!i$11, 4,lfR-1-!i$11,
Discrimination of imnenna-.
nence, discrimination of suffer-
31 ~Rl fi $11, 'i ,gfi $11, <1~ Fcl, c/,-
ing, discrimination of selfless-
q «);r1 -i<l '<1 fi $11 'll;R'r I ness, discrimination of impuri-
ell ties, discrimination of death and
c'faJOl-!i$1 I, 3lc'lai U!-ii$11, 3F1~ c; 1- discrimination of disaffection
Rc1>-!i$1 I. 3l~c;IRc!>'<'i$11, 31\1111°1- with worldly things.
"fi"m. 311 fcl,51' 'ii "4 fi $11 'll;R'r I OR
a-: Sl<l>I, ~ ~W- 3lmf cfi ~ Discrimination with sign, discri-
'1' 13 (-ll "1 ~ - q)"pf et; ~ '1' mination without sign, narrow
13 i<1 "1 ~ - -;,re/, et; ~ '1' discrimination, extensive discri-
13"1"1 ~ . ~H\~I er; ~ x'f
mination, limitless discrimina-
tion and discrimination of
13 i<1 "1 ~ - c/;T4 et; ~ x'!
nothingness.
0 c<1 "1 t1 ;,i Iam i:rar er; ~ x'!
13 i<1 "1 "fl"$1T I Cl,~IN·..slN·~·i"IN·a"l '15J"oJF"'r ~-~,,_-
m
i:i~<i1"r CJ/l..Cl.ii]1!j.CJ [ ~~,:;<I~1!j IN"&Ii\.~.
31f.1,1.1c11 TI ~- ~:<51" c!l'l" ~-
a'i-iifR-1 TI ~. ~ c!l'l" ~- <>-ii]l!j"CJf &l:!!jar-i:ill.·"'ii]'l!j"CJf "''.Y~ l!l·~c:·
~ c!l'l" ~ am c11 Fc1,"' cf"«!
"f\ 3lxi'1~ TI ~ I ar, _.i:i·"'ii]'!!]fail.·"'ii]'l!j. CJ 1 ~ ·i:i~'I·~~·i:ii!l!l.
m ~r r
~ - 3lc'faJOlf1.$11, 31.,~c;IRc/,-
"fi"m. 3l°ic;1Rc1,fi;,i1, 31!.1111°1fi;,i1 l'fG, 31 tiM>< c1EI '1 f:- 311<1>1 ~ 1:, "!.l"ft'r-
"c1"m 311 Fc); 'ii "41 fi $11 I fi c«.J If.'1,'1t1:. 31 !.I R1 f1 c«.J If.'l '<1'1.f:.
Six aggregates of discrimi- 3l lf.'15\'-'4f.'1'1tl. ~Sc1 c;fi1tl-
nation- Discrimination pro- f.'R'm:. cll1Tc1T 'll;R'r I
duced through visual contact, a: 31f1.if4i_a Ef'f- 31lc/,l~I. "!.l"ft'r-
discrimination produced '!ic«.J If.'l,ltf, 31 !,I R1 ,i&i If-1,ltf,
through aural contact, discrimi- 311 f.'l q ,.,.4 (3J"'qc'f) f.'1-m:r. ~ -
nation produced through olfac- 31 i1 c; F111 f.1 '<1c.T am a2.fITT 1
tory contact, discrimination Six uncompounded pheno-
produced through gustatory mena- Space, analytical cessa-
contact, discrimination pro- tion, non-analytical cessation,
duced through physical contact state of cessation of being
263
Set of Six
unmoved by pleasure or pain, Six classes of gods in the desire

state of cessation without realm- Four great kings, Gods
discrimination and feeling and of Thirty-Three, gods of Non-
thatness. Combat, gods of Tu~ita, gods of
enjoying emanations and gods
of controlling other's emana-
":!3 r '8. ~ <!J ":!"l I '\ <!J r.i.· 'l!"\ I "'~q·!l"l I tions.
""~QJ. '\ <!J"" I <!J "Ii!\'l:\~QJ· '\ qc:;·S'\' Q~.,. '11 t<!J'Cl!,"l'a<!J '2_ .,.!,J.a) '\''-la.· t<!J'Cl t"l1
'l'fs <l>ISJlqil,tl: ~ : - i11\),4t,t- (aJ.,'!,J'a) '\''-lo.· t<!J'Cl 1!_"l I ~.,·UJc:;·UJ~·

'<ivlcfilf£1cfil:, "'1r1.1fB~rr:. ~ : . ""\,_·qi,,· i<!J'Cl1!_"J I UJc:;·UJc:;·~ c:;·&1'6'&1~·
'llT'lT:, f.11-1 Ior" c1 1.1 : q " f.! fi'1' c1 c1 ~ r-
c1 fc1" 1 ~i1 I i'-'QQ,' t <!j'Cl1!_"ll UJ c:;. UJ c:;';J!l''\"lil\.~-
9": <1>11-11qi1,t <tcr- i1t\),4i5rxrv1-
I:\~ '-'ClQ,' t<!J'<l1!_,"JI sf<!].,.aJ '\'!.JQ,. t Ill'
cfitfI1cfi. "'11'-IITT~I. ~ . <Wl,
f.l yIO[ '< frl <fl1:iT 4 '< f.l fi'1' c1 cl ~ [cl cf\ [ Cl1!_,"l'QJll
The six gods of the Desire
Realm- Four great kings, UJc:;'il\l
Thirty-Three realm, Joyous ""!l"'~Q,' i <!j'Cl1!_,"ll
realm, Free from combat,
Enjoying emanation and i(i'c:; "'":!' i<OJ'Cli.l.· t<!J'Cl 1!_"l I Q~c:;·qi.l,· till·
Controlling others emanations.
Cl1!_"l I l <!J·al·~.,·'-lo.· t<!J'Cl 1!_"l I i:l'\''-l'-'
""~'-'Cli.l.' t <!]'Cl 1!_"l'0Jll
":!"l''8' ~'!J":!"l''-l I <>.~Cl' fil"l'QI '\<!J"-''l!il\'
~Fcm ~=~- 31f.l~i1c1g,:'&'j,
'-l I ""~QJ· '\ <!J"". Cl I <!J "Ii!\'""~QJ. '\ qc:;·S'\'\II 31 'l '<1 g,: <S[l'f, 'Tf:'Tf: cfi II.I <'11 I' I-
~:<S[l'f. 'Tf: 'Tf: 'Tl-11 c1 i/51-J OIg,:'&'j.
~fclm ISJ ~ q I (<1> ISJl'..11 c1) :
'Tf'.'Tf ~=<S[l'f. finra:rrq_
~fclm: ~m:)- i1t\),4i,1,rv1 ~:'51" 'cl I
cfilfIJcfil, "'11.QITT~II:. ~:. 'ifT
3 '5[1-1,, q ii f&-'. i-c:
f.11-1\01,c11.1:, q,tf.lr\c1c1~1c1fc1"<1~i1 I C':},~ '5[1-1,,
ho,: LI> <'I i-c: 3 '5['i,,
9": J.l<l>lit q} <l>ISJ~q (<l>ISJEII\), q} aJR~:<S[l'f, 31'lfq-jg,:<S[l'f, fil~orr~r-
9": y ~ q} ~<rnT)- '<1\),4§1- ~:'51" 'cl I
'<ivlcfilfilcfi, "'11'-IITT~I. <Wl, ~ . 9": 1.r~ .f} ~=~- 31f.1~<1a
f.11-1\01,frl elm q,f.lr\c1c1~1c1tfi I ~:'51", ~ ~:'51", <IR-<IR ~
c(; <XlTlT m
cfiT ~:'51". <IR-<!R
264
Set of Six
1T4 <'i wm ~ .q;r "5; &. Six yogas of Naropa- Yoga of

<IR-<ITT" ~-.fri:! <'i q Rc1 ffict psychic heat, yoga of clear light,
~ q,l (~-.fri:! u!Tft, ,'i vf"'I' yoga of illusory body, yoga of
~ q;r) "5;:& n\1:11 ~ ii ~ intermediate state, yoga of
~ q;r "5;:& I conscious-ness transference and
m yoga of dreams.
~:&, 4'<'15,<Y, q4~5,:&, -ie::·~·~·&ra111 11 i:riilf1 t9l!<l''I' q,i9·
3ITT~:&, 311~5,& ~
fc1~011~15,:& I '1\ 9"-i''l.~"i1 ~l!J''-1"-'Cl.<E'Qi{ll
Six types of suffering- Indefinite
~ 3Rf1f <'1 I f.t- lJT<IT, ~ 11 cl l\ '\,
suffering, dissatisfactory suffer-
llG:, ~C:lfl:, >3q-11i,:, fc1ffifll 'cl I
ing, suffering of discarding
iJ: 3f"u'{ lR'T- lJT<IT, ~ 11 cl 11, llG,
one's body repeatedly, suffering '
~C:lfl, ,3q-11i, ol111 fc1ffifl11
of conception for rebirth
repeatedly, suffering of change The six internal stains- Deceit,
in status repeatedly and dishonesty, haughtiness,
suffering of lacking friends. outrage, malice and violence.
Causal suffering,
OR
resultant
~-,a.·!~·a"l 9';jl!J'31'<i\~\"-e::·q:;i,;I l
suffering, suffering of investi- ~ l!,l'<61!]l!<l' ~e::·,;e::·sfo.i 1 £'<>.Jl!J' ~e::·~o.i·
gation, suffering of protection,
suffering dissatisfaction and "-C:''\9 ii'\'!!]l!<l"l'<r]~ ·~9·,;e::·l!<lC:l!<l\ Cl.Of
suffering of loss. Q'l!J'Q(SJ'l!<le:: l!,l' !l!<l 1 :;i,;·f to.i·:;i·are::l!<l·
~-(!4!'a"J t'9"-''1/i' i"i'~·(,,r"i"r<l~'\'
~;,:11
'1"-'9'\l!J'!<l'e::9·~ I 9';jl!J' 31! ~\9l!<lo.i1 ~· f.rlj;l'fl-EfSlf:- tjO_g,'j 'tl,@OI-Jf<.I
l'~l!,l, :;i,;'1{1 Cl,Ol'Q! t'o.Jl!J'~·~9 '1<0 rn '<'L '11 l.l Iqi Il.l ll I '( I' I~ q Ici-1
«l :!f<-ttl ' «l c:.'l-1 ~:
SJ i; IR1 <Ii -i "() q It'll lil6, lfl •II : {l'TLII 3J'l:rITT-
~
'"1•1:, '11111qil11111' 1 1:, 3J'f1'(111<1111'1:,'
~<Eic<I'\, . ~ ~ -
SJi;I R=toii -1,il q I *

'fiil>lf.'i:-141•1:, «lli-1111•1~-clr?i I
iJ: miT
(Eflf)- ii o;g I<1~ 11'1 •I, >l'Y If<l '( 41 • I,
qi Il.l f<.I 111 ILI LI I' I, 31 'f1 '( l'i If.'i:-1 l/i •I olQT «l "1 41 •I I
WT ~ ~ ii ™: :fcm,
265
Set of Six
~-<WT er; x't mf.'fr , m;;-,----;~;fi"ft,aic>1;;:f'll~3{'Rffi[~;;;::;;::-:.-:;'l,:::;ci;;;;.~:;::;1,;~"I::-·-::,::1'l::'1:::-~.

lJlUJll
~ : "lm, >f'J11fcH4PI cfi l'flVqi:f tllf~lx"i'l'l'i'j, ,i11~1,oj,p:,.i ii I,
x't ~ cfiT 'fc!TI: G16 ir'ff a'{) t1-1 ci, a: "{Pl<l- 5,t'q,t1-
fi<1>1f.a1.J1 •1 cfi ljlUJll x't fc~ fic1,~ftc'1 cfiT ;,m. ~ .., -
~ x't "J,ci,(-<l <tt ~ -ew:rr fi'1 i!~ftc>1 cl> r Jm. '!-ffclicl-
3F'dxl'licl'-ll'I cfi lJlUJll if ftFl er; ffi;<11~ftc'1 ° rD Jm, ~ m\
~ clft ™ m ii 1T'f 'i ct,,-11. w\ clft ~
1
The six yogas of Niguma- Self- ij 1T'f'i cl, '<"IT nl!IT ~ clft ~
1
ignition of bliss through the ij 1f'f'i cf "111
yoga of psychic heat, !,elf- The six pledges concerning
ignition of attachment and Vairoc2111a- Practice of the
~atred through the yog,a of moralit.y of abstention from
illusory body, incineration of misdeeds ., practice of the
wrong conception throu.gh the morality of integrating virtues,
yoga of dream, self-awakening observa·r ,ce of the morality of
from ignorance thro-ugh the workin· g for the benefits of other
yoga of clear light, full sen(1er ,t beings, taking refuge in
awakening without meditation th'c Br 1ddha, taking refuge in the
through the yoga of consci- fJharr na and taking refuge in the
ousness (llld meditating on the Sang .ha.
Sarnbhogakaya of Buddha ~ll'lljc'il' t:.'alll ._i:.·i:i~~·~l!l'<!]c'ilt:.·i:ii ~·
through the yoga of the interme-
diate state. (op ~·9c'ili:.·i:i1 ..iiE'~·..ii:l.·9c'ili:.·i:i1 9~oi·
i:.~·, ll~·~·9c'ili:.·CJ1 &i'\·"l·s\<1i:l.·9iil~·

~&1·,.r::,·~·'\ariiira111 ~l!l'j\~..i·r.Ji:l.'~"l'
~o,Jl!/'~o,Jl!/'~j,";i~·r,;1 '\~'CJ'i'l!l·i,;-'. ~· CJ~ 11
~"l'~o,Jl!/'~o,Jl!/''1;\';i~·r.J1 .;)o,Jl!J'~,' ~·~~· ~ fcrlffQT:- 'fcl'lW!fuatcr:. ~

fclar q,. <'fa,urfclatcr:. c:~ te,..,c'll fcli:)q, '
S'\'~'~"l'~o,ll!/'~&ll!/''1;\'ol ~·<11 l!I .t:.l!I' ~l!I' '1"R I<fcl&1 q ~ 'i1 R1 I
"l' aJCll!l''1;\'Cl.!!]'CJ\ i l!/'"l'!'l' >l''1;!'Cl.§f'!:J\

u: ]f,<f>R er, fcretq- ~•
,mu ~ x't fclatcr lIT'll,
'\~. Cl,~~'"l' aJ<l l!/' '1;!'Cl,§f·'l~l I <'I~ rfclatcr' c;~ te,.., c'll fcl&)q- ~
'l '1 fcl''Dxf~atcr I
~ a'{li11'1l'll11:- S,<ilid f1 cl'<!- Six typ•es of distractions- Natural
~ftc'1f'l1 ~ : . ( {?,~ I<'1'1.14 {i '-I 6- distra,;tion, external distraction,
~ft c'1 {'[I ;i:rRffi!:,, f1'fcl 1121 11), <I [- distraction in sign, distraction in
266
Set of Six
adverse circumstances and "9: Fc1$11'1- "i1'~Fcl$11'1, ~-olfcl$11'1,

distraction of mental engage- '11 Ri qi Ifcl $11 '1, fti E,<I Ifcl $11 '1,
ment. qi Ill fcl $11'1 <1m Y'11 fcl $11'1 1
Six consciousnesses- Eye cons-
. .
c1ousness, ear consciousness,
nose consciousness, tongue
""' ,:.,. ..... C\. ,:,,.
consciousness, touch conscious-
roa.i1111 ~a.· ~"·<1111·~irroa.i1111 "-l111·:]JA"' ness and mental consciousness.
~111·~·roa.i111 1 u:i i·~·~.,-~ 111 ·~·roa.i111·.i:f11 ~"l'~"-·51·.n·ii·a"l ~·~i1 ~i::ia·~i1
~ ~ : - '1'~. i\~il ~"r""s"·~il ~"r""s"·a.ia·
~ : . '11 Ri qi Ifcl $11 'i<Tfg:,
ft-11,,<1 Ifcl $11 '1 mg:, qi Ill fcl $11 '1 mg , ~"l ~"r""s'-·a1·aii\11
'1 '11 fcl $1 I'1\c1 I~pi:1 fa I ~ lll fll •fl d .:;;i I fil I R\> ll Id "-51 "(,
u: 14$11'1 Ellg,(!·- "'q'~ 'l,'1<1~'\. tjlJ\ci"-51"(, <.!'1•1<1~'\.
111'fi'111~ a"-51 '\, 31 ji:tN a"-51. ~
'11 Ri qi Ifcl $11'1 tfTg, '11 Ri qi Ifcl $11 '1
tng, ft-H,,<I Ifcl $1 I'1t!Tg, qi Illfcl $11 '1 lll flt ..ft * 'i, ci 1
"9: "cl'".:;;(- finm "flr5f,
'!'" "flr5f, 'qzj "flr5f, mTT "flr5f,
tng cfl1Tf '1 '11 fcl $1 I'1mg I
Six elements of consciousnesses- 111 fi'11~ "flr5f cfl1Tf 31 ji:tN "flr5f I
Element of eye consciousness, The six tantras of a yogini-
element of ear consciousness, Action tantra, root tantra,
element of nose consciousness, performance tantra, cohesive
element of tongue conscious- tantra, yogini tantra and the
ness, element of body consci- highest cohesive tantra.
ousness and element of mental
consciousness.
:J1i::·i::i1 <il!la.i·~~~II
~51~111·a"l &"1·~ ~"~111 1 ~·"a·~.,·~111 1
~fclEI' "l I uJ '1 '{-
~l\-~a.i111·~1111 ~l\·~.sr~1111 ",!Ill ~·~a.i· .:3F5!"(, 4 <fcl I~ Ill:,
~ 111 j c!i i.~·~ 51·~ Ill' .i:f11 '1,?11,1q:, '1ilil~lll~i:lfa I
~ Fc1$11'11f.'t- "i1'~Fc!$11'1"(, "'ITT!-

"9: W<l>I~
4 <fcl I~ Ill,
* fi'mf.
"llut'l- ~ .
'!-511 ~ II.I
3fa'tl,
<1m
fcl$11'1'1, '11Riqilfcl$11'1'1, ftiiaill- '1ili I~ II.I I
' ' "
fc1 $11 '1 "(, cf> Ill fcl $11 '1 'i, '1 '11 fcl $11 '1 The six vessels- Stomach,
irffr I entrails, intestines, bile, urinary
bladder and seminal vesicle.
267
Set of Six
~'\' oSl'a"J '\~'t:I 'ci/j~Plj~.3i'a.J''\'\'"1' l'fc' l;ft~Ef'lf:- =. "'c,,." t

f1'1l,:,1";~l1'1, ~
cfn il:1"1 E-1 '1, q Ifi'1 rl ::l c1 I, 'i €.141 '1 'i,
t:ifi!.1·<11 '\a.i·"-a"-'\°i·:i,~i:_·i '\''\"1"-'t:IJ '
Rfi1=if>crlc1=tj=,irrlj (, I ~ 'ii '-11) ~ I
'
"'£·t:i·sJ·1i"1'<1J a.i!N· ~·"-s!NJ "'F,;·t:ia· "0': <'1
~ 'N' \sl<!j!NJ S"-' ~t:i·~-~i!Jl!,J'~l l il> , 11, 311 c1 f'-1, i:rrft '1" rl ::l 1c1 i:i 1T'1"'l
i:m'r ~. el"lf1t-llc';I il>'{11 I
Six objects to be abandoned-
~: 'ii ™· Playing dice (gambling),
3l f.'1 ,'-1 c1 I"11 <'Fl I, c/5 4c/5 4q, c1 f'-1 'ii
beholding public gathering,
™· ~ - ~- laziness, relying upon non-
~~I
virtuous companion, taking
U-: ~if>I'{ ~ 14'<11'{-'iJl<'Fll•,l-
alcohol and night roaming.
c/5 c'll IoIrl ::l cfi J:m'r %ITT ctf\"
™· e'[Uf-f11t1.:;_ ctfl" ~ !'\'<l'oSl'll,~~·q·a"1 ~.t:I~ °i.~ "1IN'<ia·ia·
1fci ~ ctfl" "11 <I 11, aJ f.'1 l'<l c1 I
ctfl" "11 <I 11, ~ 1;ci c/5 4 q, c1 ctfl" I '\'<l'Q,J'~Q,J't:l'~'\'"1''\"-'I "1~"-'Q,J ~·t
™· fi,11, cfi "i';11'J ctfl" 'l'fTcf'IT
om ~ ctfl" ™ 1
Six types of analytical medita-

tion- Meditating on the respect
for spiritual friends, thinking of
the meaningfulness and preci-
ousness of human birth which is ~ 'illlf~fillif>I $<!i<l'lf:- 11R-a
difficult to gain, thinking the TI~l'ldf'-1 ffl~d'\, 11R-a
impermanence of life, law of '{fcl <i '\, 11 R-a '.j,fG <if'tffid I,
11 ff'-1 f1 'l If% El1f {al!IT'@
t!"-'!J'\'£1!,J'a"J !°i''J''\~'\J '\~IN'Q.1'7/'t:lj q} U-: Tflff---31 ~ fil I if> Efll)-
o:mr@ cfj ~ i:i zj-q "'1ti mar
ai·ar1 ~ "1'<1a·si'"11N''J'Q,J't:I ~ °i'<!J a;c_·
~. cRR i:i c/51 c1 I~ c1 "'1tf ITTffi' %_
'\!!"-'t:11 i!Jd,°.3i'31' ~·t:1;{11 Fcl f'tffi "'1ti M ~. 3l f1'11 ffia
furo "'1ti ITTffi' t. fa:fim ~
268
Set of Six
~ mclT t. 01~ffificclll-'31l&TT ~ 41xf>la1:- C:l'iYl'!r'lcil, ml'l"-

~mclrt1 0
Yl'!r'lcil, ei1f.fiql'!fi'lcil, q IQYl'!-
The six unshared conducts (The fcrai-, Ull'iYl'!r'lcil, ~$11Yl'!fi'lc11
six unshared conducts of the ~I
Tathagata)- Possessing defect- U-: 41xf>lol(:°- C:l'iYl'!r'lcil, ml'l"-
less bodily qualities, not making q I'! fi'I a 1. q1 <f q l'!-
ei ll'.'\-1 q I'! fi'I a 1.
noisy speech, not possessing fcrai-, ui 1'i q I'! fi'I a I crm ~ ;,, 1q l'!-
declining memory, not fcrai- I
possessing inconstant abidance Six perfections- Perfection of
in meditative equipoise, not generosity, perfection of moral
possessing discriminations and discipline, perfection of
not possessing discriminative patience, perfection of effort,
equa-nimity. perfection of meditative concen-
~(Q1·~a~·i:ia·~·31~~·&'111o.i·a111 ~'',~! tration and perfection of
wisdom.
i\J"l'".m<>IJ ~·'1(,:,'1 i;)·af1 ~oJ'<!jul,:,·1 ,111·t·a111 ~"'·~1 <>i<1J'<1J~<l1 ~·a;1 ~·"'"1
qa;<>r <ill.·~ o.i·"-<l'1i11 "'f"''<lf\ ~"l'<l'~'~<!j'!!]!
q Ix f>I a Ill I: life, 11-facntil<Pl
a f:- tit 0'.!(; 1:- qjUd), '/i'i'Jc/,'j, ~0,st>i'j,
'I I<'<Ff 'j. ~: ~~ C'l 'j, ~: , ""'tjj'lc\fln'l1=;s:im9, ~\'.51"11, ffl, ~ ~ I
fctwr:, 5,ti, $11 ~ I "9°; 11m- cj'>UC)[ (~), ~'
q1xf>la1 <6 u-: 11...,Rl,._,,<1>-.,l'i~ Ef'f- ~"-sC'l, -qt[, <'!w crm ~ 1
11 IRl <f, ~:ml'l", ~. ;ii I l'i 'fll, The six symbolic ornaments-
fctwr crm 5,ti, $11 1 Neclace, bangle, earrings, belt,
The six discordant factors of the wheel and funerary ashes.
six perfections- Miserliness,
corrupt morality, hatred, &'<1Jo.i'a"l '1"'! ~<l\ a,:,·1 (1 ~,:,·1 ~"1·
laziness, distraction and corrupt <l ii"!'~<!)'iif1
wisdom.
~ ~:- 1<fl, Y~'<'l'll, '3ffi'!I,
t4".·s~·a111 t~·<11l.·'l"'·~~1 ~"l.~oJo.i·~· c;fuurr, 'i3'ieqf, Jrtl ~'i:l R, I
'4:<_'~~! <l~\"13.''4"-'~~! <ig~·Q,~O,I'~' U-: ~'lll(:°- ~. Y~il'l, '3ffi'!,
"efa1-ur. i3w! crm JrEf: 1
'l'',~°i! <l"l3l'<!Jlj-i'!''4"(~-i! ~"1'"-<l'~' Six directions- East, west, north,
south, upward and downward.
'4"-'~°i'~!!
269
Set of Six
Cl.llllll'N'~"l· ,:.·rs"'·a111 ~"l· "''fl<l1 3Rfmsui "'lti 111-J !.l Rl ga $11'1 c; ~1'1 't,
31-11 11asui.-<lfi 111-J !.l Rl i,a $11 'i
UJc.111·<1·~"i1 oJ~"i·tiS11 <>fi,;·af·~"l
c; ~f '1 'j. !.l,~<'<i~SUI "11 fi •I'l-
<lj"',lll'Q~lll1 ;s"&i'<l'"l~II !.l Fc'i !$ci $11 '1 c; ~f.:j ~ 1)
'fJ: ~<"l'~fuf<ti ~;i. wf-
3ll<f~~ cf> Ifl1 cf> <lrl, cl I Rt cf> <lrl, ~ f?li c/l
'11"1'J!$'j, "rf, 3ffifa' qi'[ 31 cl ' I'l 'i cfR"1
.i,i1c1«n. c11'<1°1{fi. cf@T 3RT'T ~ 31 !,! R'i £1 $1R,
i1 l-l1 cf> ~-cl Rl I
3ll<f~TI ('l\'..ll ~ lfl) c6 'fJ: "f'R-
~ qi'[ 31c1 111-J-1 m cl'R1T
3RT'T ~ 3l !,l Rl £1 '$1'T'i' cl~
'<l "1 'J!$. ~~11<'l1 • .i,i1c1«n. c11'<1°1{fi, cl ct 'l I 'i qi'[ 31 cl ' I 'l 'i ffl cl'R1T
tilc/>ci, ~ i1l-l1cf> I 3RT'T ~ 31 !.l RI E1 '$1'T'i' I
Six cities of central lndia- The six virtuous activities from
Riijagrha, V:l.isalI, Sriivasfi, the eighteen unshared
ViiriinasI, Siiketa and Cham- qualities of Buddha- Virtuous
paka. activity of body, virtuous
~"i'"l'N'ol"Q,~ 111·"a.., ~.Q~"i·~.., IN. <la. activity of speech, virtuous
activity of mind, unattached and
1a·"'~"i·"l1111 i.i~c.·zl1·"-~"i "11111 ~"1111· unobstructed wisdom concer-
ning the past, unattached and
~·"-~"i. "l1111 ,,.'\ Ill' <1a_.)Ill'ol~ "i. <I'"l 'ol' unobstructed wisdom concer-
a; '11111·ol'!l'11111· <la· ii:l ·~ 111 1 oJ'~c.111·<la· 111· ning the future and unattached
1 and unobstructed wisdom
ol~ "i. <l'"l' oJ' ,!;<!] lll'ol'!l<lj lll'<ia_. ii:) ·~ 1111 '\' concerning the present.
'I/' Qa_')Ill' ol~ "i' <I'"l'ol' a;i.,111· ol'!l<!]Ill' <1a_' ii:)' Q"'·fa"l !''ll"i111·~·Q,;·\1 iJ·"loJ·~·CJ,;\1
~111 ·~11 Ql!lol'<!]lj"','~'Q',\1 <>.l'f!a_'Q','\1 i~·
lfc, 'ii>< <"II~ fil I cfiil;j,Ef1IT:-
.,, cf> Ifl1 cf>- ~'\'~'Q','\i ~'\'<ia_'Q','~11
iJi i-<1 'j, cl IRt cf> iJi i-<1 'j, 'l I'1 f1 iJi i-<1 'j, ~ 31---d,l''l<II:- mf.r: o=·
3Rfmsui,=,n-i• 11 !.l Rl t;ci$11'1c;~f'i 'l.' ' "'''"'~"·,
'fcl"'.'l: 3RR]'+[q: UfT'fll
31 '1 I' ItlSUI ·'<H-i 111 !.l Rl !$ci $1 H c; ~f'i'j, '
o=·
!,k~<' lllcf>..f$11'1LJ:cf11 'l I$11-
~I
'1 lj4 R~R'i-1:, f1 c\c1 Icfcf>4 $11 'i
ici• 11-J $11'1 Ij4 R~R'i-1:. ticl'l.-i ,i- 'fJ: 31---d,l"l<ll:- mf.r 3Rml'fcl,
'fcl"'.'l 3RR]'+[q, izJR 3RRJ'l'lq,
cti4$11.-i ici• 1'l$1 I'i lj4 R~R'i-1:,
270
Set of Six
"l, oIet, Ic1 3RRJ'l,cf, tf1tm

~....,,;·~ ' ''
3RRJ'l,cf ~ 'l'fc[ 3RRJ'l,cf I <111.11•1a•n?1l-j_, q'{l•n?il-j_, c1\Jl•n?1
Six Intermediate States- Inter- 'cl, $/./IA 1t/ur: d/c;,)rr1?1/);;fi(u/
mediate State of place of the ~· "lfil1•n?i"l, cjfilq,1•n?i"l
' '
birth, Intermediate State of <11q,•11-::i 'cl, $If/A 1tfi)r
dream, Intermediate State of dJR; c;, 1/) ::11/0 "fif.'rr I
meditation, Intermediate State fibii 1-o"?r et 9: 1'JT?! (<!!;c'!)-
of the moment of death, ,
<111.1~1,=1a~•"'n=?i, q '{1 ' n' ?I <1m c1 \JI , n' ?I,
Intermediate State of reality and ll ffFr c1)0)rr1? 7fT';f ! ~
Intermediate State of existence. "lfil1,f'1?1, cjfilq,1•n?1 dm
s·i'\·~··~ra9 f r:.·!Ja,~1 ctJ·~a·~1 ~a- n ll fft;:r dJR; c;,
c1l ct, , ?I , 7fT';f t I
The six families of action tantra-
~1 "l~i:ri 111·~·~1 ~"rto.·~1 31<6'3j·310.· Tathagata families, Lotus
family and Vajra family, these
three are included in the trans-
~ worldly family; and Jewel
~t-11<<1<11, 3!1\N~cla I, family, Paficika family and
fiq<c1a I, :J,Gl<<lcil, Worldly family, these three are
'i1fu I included in the worldly family.
~lll o"?r et
9: ~<ldl\[- ~ -
sr:.·tq·il 31111 ''\!J<l.'J'\'!J'a9 r.i=.·!°'i'~"l·zif1
m, 3!ITT-~cl<11, ~-~<1<11,
"1"!-<<1<11, ~-<<1<11 (f!ITT c'feTUl- <ITRI th-<11-1 i ~ 'i'!<li:- qc;
m 1
41,fi:la1f'1: C/.ikl<i,'tlll\: I
The six deities of action tantra- ~ <!fr 9: 'tlllh'r- ~=
Deity of emptiness, deity of q1,fi:la1;m "C/.'r ~ 'tllllii I
syllable, deity of sound, deity of The six conducts ofBodhisattvas-
physical form, deity of mudrti Conclucts concerning to the Six
and deity of sign. Perfections.
S't'\·~·~9111·a9 ~ ·q~°'i'"i/1"1111'!.JO.'~"llll I s·!l9·,,:i.,.t9·9·\°'i·a9 ~llll ,;s3i.1i3i1

!Jlja-~"llll I ~ta-~"l111·~ ·"-~"l'~°'i·"1111· "llllj g1 S'S"l "-'.)'"1~1\
"-'\l!l'!J0,'~"11111 ~";'10,'~ll]llll ~l!l'~ilj' a~)~if>t'll ~ lJGTl!,IT:- Gc.l.ll-j_,
~·~lljlllj ~9'~3j'!JO,'~lljlll'~ '3J''l.'\l!l'
Tf:' <!;1'\' {i I"l 1"'-1 l-j_, Fc1 ii q '
ti"lcllll~ilfa I
qo_·~"llll'~3Jl!l'~II a~~"' et 9: ~ - ~ , TT,
<!>1'\, til"ll"'-1, Fc1~iq d!ITT ~ I
271
Set of Six
The six principles of the c'fl"l'!, 31jrn, fmn. 31jctH

Vaise~ika- Substance, quality, 'iii'c/l Iii c!m 31 jrnii 31 j"'ifa) I
action, generality, particularity Six types of the unsurpassable-
and composition. Unsurpassable seeing, unsur-
passable hearing, unsurpassable
~51'ila·Ql'l"alll i9·q1 i111·1·o_~9·q, gain, unsurpassable precepts,
51 l'1·g°i·1i::.·1 51 l'"i.g°i'~ "i"~-"'~9· q 1 unsurpassable honour and
unsurpassable recollections.
i<i'<II ai°i·"r~51~·oi'11
"ii:ii::_·q-a9 El9·~·11:1i::.·<f1 ~-l:Ja.·11:Ji::.·1:f1
ij I tU 0 1'fll ~fcru <l>l<fl{- q d'1'j,
41d'1'1, 1.1"1'1'1, 1.11"1'1'1, <';1'1'1, ta.·11:1i::.·<f1 ~a.·11:Ji::.·<f1 ~~-~·11:Ji::.·1:f1
' ' ' '
31'RFi (~ fa i:n-;:) itfu" I UJ"i'~'"i<il::_'l<f- 1fd"""!, q Id'1,
~ c1>,.-i1, ~ c1>ii1'11. ~ clm ~ ~ 1.11 fll 1- '<'!1:l,R R 11 ~.
31TGT'1 I m:'1R1.1'1, .-i1ff!J,f.';;;1.1'1, ~ -
The six tasks of a Briihmal,l- Rl1'1, c/ll~Rli'j, '11'1'i~R1~R11
ing, encouraging others to make c!m '1 '1 i, f.'i; 1.1 ('11 '1 fl f.'i; 1.1) I
sacrificial offering, giving alms
The six senses faculties- Eye
and accepting offerings.
sense faculty, ear sense faculty,
!ii'°i'&l"i'"a9 51ii::_·i:r.1r°i·a:i 1·<11 i~·q·!il· nose sense faculty, tongue sense
°i'il 1·<11 %"i' <l'!il'°i'il "i'<i I t:J~t:J·q·ai·°i' faculty, body sense faculty and
mental sense faculty.
il1·<11 ~•rsr.1J·°i·il1·<11 t~·~t=i<i'<l'!il'
,,i::_·q·a111 ~, ~I il1 ~i::.·1 °i51 '51f"'I
<i'3l"i'<litll
~51·~~-~-~"l·iif,
~rn 1.1 ffll1-c;~\.-i 1jrnl1'1, '>fclUTT-
jrn 11'1. ~ . fue-i1jrn1J'j. "'"'h!11icllf.t- ~ . 311(!:, 31P1,
qRi:.11.1\jrnlJ'j, 31j,4i,l.1jrnd '<'! 1 ~:. 311cl>l~I:, fc1$11'1. itfu" I
u-: 3Jl:!~- c:~\.-i1jrn4. '>fclUTT- '9": '16111.cl- ~ . ~. 31P1,
'jrn'<t, ~ . fue-i1jrn4. cf8. 3llc/ll~I cll!!T Pcl$11'1 I
~Ri:.11.1ljrn4 clm 31j"'i<t'-1jrn4 Six elements- Earth, water, fire,
(31 jrn, c; ~\.-i. 31 jrn ,m.
31 jrn, air, sky and consciousness.
272
Set of Six
'',"alll £·,;i::·c:11 '\c:ii::·i ·c:i I c:i~r l!,l'<JI vehicle and higher than the
highest cohesive tantra vehicle.
"lloJ'\C:l!,I'i ·c:i1 ~,;'oJC:'<lj "IC:l!,I' J'i'
i~·rr~&l''l"a'I] i'l'<Jl:l.'i'l'<lj ~"-l'~l<Jl!,I'
i·c:i/{11
~'i'l'<lj c:i'li\<J1l'i'l'<lj c:ii'l'Cl.~l!,I'~'
'116fcmr: flAJc;:- c;'h1iuteq1-J,
' ,3 ' '
1-1g~lc<ll-J, 'i'I "11-J, I-Jl51ciuiR-cl<il, g<1·<11 Ql!,ll<J'"11i~·~·g~·<11 ~l!,l·,:,c:i·~·
' '
-~s-q~R""'t1=c;:. cF1 qfci ilfi't 1
'@': II I'( <6t ~fl~AJ..jln-J;:,......,in":T- g~·<J/{11

<ft tl j 9.'< q, 1-J g ~ Ic<l , lfll'C'1', tl -i\, li't Ei c; I 'i I\- c; I'i c; I'i '),
1-1151au1R-cla1. oJs qRt1c;: ~ ~~C'lc;l'i'l, ailf..ac;l'i'l, cfll\c;l'i'l,
' ' '
ui-l'i-c;_l_'i_l-J, ~ $11 c; 1.--i ilfi'r I
'
The six endowments- Longevity, 'S: 'II~ et
GA- "c;'R <ITT "c;'R,
power, auspiciousness, great ~ <ITT "c;'R, anf.'a' <ITT "c;'R, ~
shining, having many disciples <ITT "c;'R' 'U1T', <ITT "c;'R ~ s!'$l1
and wealth. <ITT "c;'R I
"-!ll!,l'~~'il11J·i:ra111 ;:!'~'\·~'i1"1·<31 J'\-~'\· Six types of giving- Giving of
giving, giving of morality,
~-<1<11·<31 ~AJ·a.5,;·~·<1<11·<31 ~AJ·a.5,;·ar giving of patience, giving of
effort, giving of meditation and
'1'3\'\'<JQ,'<i'l]'<JJ s·r~·~·'!j/.l:,i 'l]'<JJ tl'l'~·
giving of wisdom.
~-'l]Q, ·,i '!]'<I'~ -~'!]' 1 ilf !"''"<11~·"'111·a"1 .:r-.:;,:,·i'\·<11 Ql!,ll<J'
tl ,,;Ji't~.i I/> "1 '1 I '1 '{- Ri-, q I<i ~ q 1'1 'j. "11i'II ~"1-f"ll "-~'l'<ll !_l!,l''li'~i\·<11
il<lia~,i l'i'), ,i'1• 1<1~<ll'i'i,
31 jct'l x lll' I "1 q I '1- fil,l:rr-
~ I"ll<l 11-J:, t11x 0 11,
<i ~'l l'i, tjq\<1~<ll'i, ll~'l<i~'ll'i,
~I
31jct1xll\ I' I<i~'l l'i, 31jl.fl' ~In'~=
I<i~- "lITl'f et 'S: 3f1f- ~ <'ll 1151 x, 'U1T"!,
<1T'i' ~ a!ici<ll'l<i~<ll'i
\ "" I
~1011,i11-1. mxurr. 31:!•"lfci ~
Six resultant vehicles- Action *11-JI~ I
tantra vehicle, performance
Six limbs of yogic practice-
tantra vehicle, cohesive tantra
Withdrawal of sense faculties,
vehicle, higher cohesive tantra
meditattion, breath control,
vehicle, highest cohesive tantra
retention formula, recollection
273
Set of Six
(mindfulness) and concentra- visualizing the merit-field,

tion. offering the seven branches
practice and the ma\ldala of the
universe, and making powerful
'l'!Ja.i~ '•f. a.i"',. q· '!] "'I '" ,·"1"-' <!J'1"1~. "I I
C\ - 'V"':;,i.
supplication and prayers from
one's heart.
':i~· ~a.i· ~::·l ~· 'l )5i' ~' ifa;~' !CJ~'Cl. sf·
a.i·,,·~"l~'a"l ~"-' ~ a.i~·~· ~, I ~a.i· ~~·
~ a.i~· CJ~,· ;i·'l I i<!] ~· ~ i::. "l~"r 'llj 'l' "I I
~·~,1 ~·~·1a:~,1 "(lla.ia. ~'ii
a.ir r"r, i::·Cl.s"r"'la;·QJ "1''l)5i·q·;1·'l J ~\
q:i·"l"-''iCJt::·~. ~'i I ~ ·a.itIll ~· ~'i"\J I
,::.Cl.9 QJ. ~::. "1.rQJ.'l' 'lry 'l'"litJ I
61 a 1-J IcFl ""I I~ I (1-J Iq cl ""4 ,f'-1 ~
life 11lfl•IE11-Jf:- cllf11T5qR1-11uf,:11-1, •1)-,i1~1)- chiH-1fi'lrl"'l"!, ~>:1'<'1'1-
' l '
~ ~cl ~-
!,I Fc, t\3 I '111-J cl c!\'i uj rl "'l 1-J, g,:, c/J cl "'l 1-J . cl "1 {t<l c1 •·:'P1,
i \Tlj s. <:LI '(-<.j Jl<r.£1":, t1 '<1 ~ ,1 ii '1- qe;i1~~ci,c1..c;i1-1, q',1-11~c1c1..,j 'ii I ,
'
e:ri'i: 'Rb ~1,01,11-1...j Ricf11"11i;: 'ii, a: l,I if> I ,: cf> lffi! -"(fi--;i'- cjij[-
W+ITT"lf1 -,i I<:'1 ~ '11-J , 1-J u;g <:'1 {ll xi "("Cl <1 "?I , ~ >:l 'i'l '1 c1 "'l , g'<' c/J c1 .--;1,
'
~ fll{11,i;;'ll'1i 'i"'-li:&11"11 c1 ;,i {t4c1 "'l, q e;i 1 it ~ c1 , c1 .--;1 <l~
ill4"11-J, I-J"'l"1 q1 ~ ilfc'r I q,:1-11~cic1..c;i I
'
a: !l i.11 •1-Eflf- Fch,1, <ITT Gft- Six types of mother tantra-
1-J I uf 1, 3TI'clR qf) ~ cITT' Tantra of Vajrasattva, tantra of
(3fl cl, ~ ~ 'Pl1' ~ <ITT Vairocana, tantra of Heruka,
~ . ~ ~ 'i'l '1 cfi "fllc1-£f+IT er; tantra of Vajrasilrya, tantra of
3l jfl i,: m 1ll'R 1l<i RI CT11 c<11 c; Padmanartesvara and tantra of
c/J,: '11, W+rR-er-:a
. .
<ITT 311 <:'1 ~ '1, Paramasva.
1-J u;g <:'1 ~ fl '<11 ' I 'Pl1' ~ <ITT ar~"l·cra"l ~CJ·~a.i~·~·a.i·~'!j·rJ1 Cl.ijQJ'CJ'
ffl Cl~ -,,.=51'- "(jj"-q 1l<i ~ ~QJ·~·a.i·~'!]'rJ I ~QJ'"l~·lll~a.·a.i·~lll·rJJ
'c/Jl" fl A:i "1 c/J ,: '11 I
Six preparatory Dharmas
Cl.~a;. Cl\Ill' rJa.· a.i· ~Ill' rJ I CJ~~· rJ' QJ a.i·~.""'
(practices)- Cleaning the place "' "1' "I I oJ'.fl ~ ·rJ'31 i::~· "ICI.·a.i· "- "1' rJCI. JI
C\ ..... - C\C\-
of practice, arrangaing symbolic

objects of refuge and pure ~ftl'err 3l ~ E.11- 't<:'1 cl rl, RI CT1 I R1 ~I,
offerings, sitting on a comfort- 'fl I f.'i-1 q rl fcl ~ '-11 fcl ~ I, 'll I f.'i-1 q «J,cl ci
' '
table cushion by maintaining ~. cjJ ,:;q '11-
the sevenfold posture of Vairo- I-J I' IIR1 ~ 1,

chana and implementing taking
refuge and mind-generation,
274
Set of Six
U: llil>I~ 31$11'-l- 1l<'! ~ Kakudakatyana and Nirgrantha

furn ctr 31 fcl tl I, 'lil If.a {i)Y1 ~ J fiati putra.
ctr 31 fcl tl I, 'ffif.'ir-q {1{,, li1 31mR
ctr 31 fcl tl I, ~ 6 {ii li1 i'f> <'Y '11
31 fcl tl I, cJt 8i '1 {ii C/l lIT'f
cR:rr '116 "'
~ 3l ici tl I I
' {ii Cfl
ctr
ctr
31 fcl tl I --
<!;Ol'Ol[[
. 311 C'1 "'I '1 'l-

>R; filEI '1"' "{ii"q,J ~ :
Six types of ignorance- Base-like ' ,, '
ignorance of mind, deception- <PiT:. ffi:, f'.I tc cl! '1, t1 4:t i1 R'I I
like ignorance of object, basis U: "\l"q;""R ~ 311 t'l'<I '1- "{ii"(!, ~ .
of deception-like ignorance of lT.£:f, ffi, f'.I tccl! 1[ci w\ I
basis, grasping-like ignorance The six focused objects (objects
of conception, artificiality-like as the bases)- Form, sound,
ignorance of path and igno- smell, taste, tangible object and
rance-like ignorance of mis- dharma.
apprehension. 1~11Jei·c.r'!!"l'i·f51"'·a"l 'll~11Jei1 ;,1 ~ 1
~·~IIJ<ll'"a·(~·c.ra"l ~-.:-~-..1:1·i ,:r12f~· .:'1 ;:_"1.Sl fo,·ij·~'ll·qf1
~1·~c;{'!l"''S 1·1c::·1 'll~"'·'ll"'·~·s1 ~ 31 IC'1 "'I '1fil Iii <-11:- 'Wf"!, ~:.
Tj"",£:f:, ffi:, f'.ltccl!'1, t14:tt1R'l 1
UJC::'1'1l·~~·c:i·~1 .il·~i<l·©·,;~·or~l "1' '
U: 311 C'1 "'I '1 "'f<l-lil-4- "{ii"(!, ~ -
ryl:l·s·~'11. ;;~ 1 '11i,;·s·q·'ll~~·©·s· ~ -~'11· lT.£:f, ffi, f'.I tc cl! <1l!fr w\ I
The six objects as the supports-
qf1 Form, sound, smell, taste,
tangible object and phenomena.
~ ~ : :tll'«fl~:- WU]:
~='rt~ ' .
1~"l"''qa·q~·~ei·a"l gia;'~·i<l·1c::·c:i;;o,·ql:\·
~ ~
i'f>I :tl14:, '1«lifl '11:tl c•fl g-:1:, ,i"1 ~ I
~,tlg-:1, 31ft-la~:tli'f>k!C'i:, i'f>cgc:s Q,~'~Gll i<l~'i<!'3l1·ql:\·<1,~'~0l! ~-~c;·
i'f>lfl.l ll1'1:, f.'r-,;f-.e.n $1 lfa g-:1:tt1fa I
~ ~ 9": 3Rl" :tlliRII- E:;l:\·<1.~-~"' I ~-:i~·2f,;·~,;·ql:\·<1.~-~., I
~ i'f>l:tl14, '1«t>-ll •1l:t1i:11g-:1, a;-\3l1·ql:\·<1.~·~"'I %·UJc;'3l \{ t 51·ql:\·
fiu141 ~xtlg-:1, ~ ~:tli'f>k!C'i, <1,~·~o,·~11
i'f>cg c; i'f> 1,<-11 <1 '1 ol!fr f.'r-,;f-,ei $11 R'l-
:f'! I Iii sS, filEI I 311 <'I "'I "I~- $11- ~-'
The six teachers of non- ~ - 3ft'fel oIfi $11, 31--1;t1hc;c..+1R'>-i'f>-~""'$1~1,

Buddhist- Piin;iakasyapa,
MaskarI Gosaliputra, SaiijayI-
an c: 1Ri'f>fi $11, 31 ~ ,i 1 ""i $11.
3l 1Rh5lil'-llxi$1 I ~ I
vitira\Iputra, Ajitakesakambala, '
275
Set of Six
9": M<l>I~ ~ 3ll<'ii.t'1-;ii~lli- U': M<l>I~ ~ - ~ cfi

'1<1"a:!UIT ~.
3R'laf01T ~ . ~ "11 ll q, <'1, cJ'l q, ;g c(; fo!1!
31.-J~GIRc/,I ~ . 3!1GIR</>l ~ . Rl '11 SJf1, '<11 i; I c(; ~ cRR, >lfUT
31 \.I '11 o11 ~ "\l[[T 311 fc\; ii "'11 c(; ~ ~ . :rt c(; ~ ,Ml
"flW I :; <'11 ll til "\l[[T <l'cITTi'
< '
c(; fo!1!
Six types of discriminations to
be visualized- Discrimination The six good medicines- Nutmeg
with sign, discrimination for the goodness of heart,
without sign, limited discrimi- gypsum for the goodness of
nation, extensive discrimina- lungs, saffron for the goodness
tion, limitless discrimination of liver, clove for the goodness
and discrimination of nothing- of life force, small cardamom
ness. for the goodness of kidneys and
cardamom for the goodness of
~·t·(-allJ &1c:."·"r ~"·"r F'"I "~·"r
spleen.
~<![ '>10:,'if<!a'.[[
~·qrf,.·af·a9 g·~,.·<:J~·ia:,·~·..f6,_·arr
~fc'ltitt1t1~iHI: {t<ll<:1:)- ,ll'J'y·
'3''•
~:. R'lcln:, <!>~Ill:, rn?''
&J~O:,'<J'-' 11c:."rf"i·~·'</6,_·afr ~r;'II]"-'
",s·,
<'lcl"l~il I i ..-r~·l:l.f'l',_,arr l<:J'-' ~'>l·<Jl.l.·..f6._,arr
ailt!tr * 9": t<IIG- ~ . ~ .
R'lcln, <!>~Ill, <!><;et, "\l[[T <'I Icl oft ll I ll]lllC:.'11]0:,lll'~'<!~·ir;·~·'</6','<11[ ~:<,·~·
The six tastes of medicine- "i~"r~·'</6" afi{r r

Sweet, sour, bitter, astringent,
hot and salty. Tfc '<BI> I fcl I - '3 roft ~
'1 i; Iii s'I> ~,
' '
tllc111.1i ''fi'lils'l>'i, ~ 1'.14ils'I>~.
~·<1!1c:.·<fa11J r~·~c:.·~·<!!lc:.·2'ir ~·ll]c:.·i· "'11":ft f.i '1\ oIiii!>'!, ~
<il.l:'i, '1 flJ1 '1ril
ii w5! t1 RI I
Qj ·~· ~II]' g/.l.''l!IC:,'<I[ ~II]' ~'>l'&lf '>l'&J/.l.' 9": M<l>I~ <t <ls!>- '1«1<!> ~
<!!le:.·.rr 1·1'>1 ·&Ii ,_. <Jl.l. ·<!!IC:.·~rr 'i 51 '\j,(£l .J >I>, .frcJT 1f ' 11 ' I ii it>,
laGll' ti I'.! 4il ii>' .,@r ti f.'111 j O1-
~f.'tq 1-11~1t1t1>t- ~Glllll '1flfc'r:, "iJ'il>, ~ ti '!ji'sl \.I RI q I<'1 'i tjifj
4i4i4iiHlll ci~l<'ilil'il, '<1li;1~ "\l[[T l!fur-l!Ul ti "iJ'il> I
"" ' ""
'c)i'ffi:, ,,f1 q I'1 <'lei' I't, <)_# 1.f Six channel wheels- Wheel of
<!,~. lli:JiG~ ct,cfcfil<'i~t!Rl 1 great bliss at the crown, Wheel
of enjoyment at the throat,
i;cgq,j: Set of Six
'
Wheel of phenomena at the i-i:r . "i' c:.~·a"l "- 1·a;9~1 c:: I c:.·
heart, Wheel of emanation at the
navel, Wheel of sustaining bliss $All "J'~'l]''ll il·:€aJ'f"i·~c::~·~1 f"i'
at the secret organ and Wheel at ~c:.~·~·~·~·q·q~~·~11
the centre of the jewel.
~.. ~clh if-cl m:- '111: \.I fct 1-.1: -.:rFI:
I I I
i-i:ra·i-11ra"l 9~9·:i'<llaJ·~·"'~·al·s1 1~i" 31 fc1 \'.l I, fcl-cl '<'. fc1 RI Fil, f<i I, fih.J '<'.
~·'4·~<ll·<1~<ll·al·s1 1!~·q·<ll·~·~9·&1·s1 1~~-c)fct I
9": lJ."cl' <@~- '111, w'\tr, -.:rFI,
I~.1c::· i/"i·~9·"'~9·al·SI p· "i·aJ·f"'a;Q· al· 31 fc1 \'.l I, fcl-cl '<'. fc1 RI Fil, <ii I q\l.Tf
Sll fJ"i·~·"'~"'·<1·al·s~11 fcl-cl~c1~ I

The six-root delusions- Desire,
JR; '{cl ~IIH J: (~1:_1,ot)'Hj: anger, pride, ignorance, delu-
f.Je1fRa1: ~ Ef'lf:)- ~cj,1fil;'<l1 sive doubt and delusive view.
1'!llT "'I 'I 'f1 cll 't, 3fl 1-.115,f!' 0 i "'I t1·..a·a.!l~·~·a"l ,;c::·~1·f"i·~c::~·q~·
cjj,uft,i't, ~: "'I f>!<ecll:, *-1 ul1'1<J9~''11 !'Q'Q$'~'l]'"JC::'?:i'~·:i\
~ "'I ~ Ic'1 ell 'i. 31 cJ \'.l '1
q,;·s1·<1I ~· "'<1~·9 "l"i. ~· ~ aJ· ~"i·<il 1·~·
\.I fa TU I\'.l '1, fl 51 'tl Rc2.J I "'I ·11 fc1 c'1 ai
'M, I
' '
al·~c::.i::r!c::· 'l "'."-~ "'. 'l' ~ .aJ'11:l]''l'9'!i'l'
U: ~ ~IIHl\f (~1:_1,ot) <5 ~ 1c:.·1 ~9~''1''-'.<f "l'Q~'"'C::' t1'$'aJ''ll
f.Je1fRa u-: El'lf)- 31$<11 .:wt '!.i"i·q&_· ';ll'l]~·q~·s9~·,"i·1 ·I;'!Q''lj
# 1flf', "'I c),' '11, i:rAT er; ~ <1 'l!"i·q· <1~c::·<1:il.·i'~·~·$Al',F{<1· q,;·r.,_~,;·
!fR c[cp "' ~ . ~ <ITT m Q'~'1'l]''l''l]'!i'l'~"J~'~ll
'1 cjj , '11, '3 fl $ "ffil!:[ .,-gr ~ d '11,
G1"!f cfiT .,-gr %q 1'11 cfm fl , ii cJ> d c6 'f'-1 lfc cfc'I ~1 '1
q RO II 'l i: -
'
-.,-gr ~ '1 '11 I ,-c1 Rl<fi cZJ 1ct6i "'fclfc'r, ~ §"'14:
Six root precepts- Not going f.J Pi; c'1:, 31 '<l v1 "19, 31 Rl '-1 fc1 q Ic),-
alone on the road, not
. . ~ (~ ,W: ~-
sw1mm1ng across the other 1/Run'II: ~
rrf.a).
shore, not touching a male Rlro trfl1 Rf:
person, not sitting with a male ~. ~llfl.-J,arri:n: 1c14,101:
person, not concealing a ~ ( ~ ?i{ll.' ~qRv11J-/I.
transgression of misdeeds and ?'lfrrr) I
not acting as a go-between
(match-maker).
(fc6 et u-: qR•11'l ~ "ff
"{-cl'- fum <ITT c2.J I't c1 'ITT'TI.
277
Set of Six
&RT r.i P:; ct • 3R! <!1"·<1i·q1 -~'\·q ·qi·<J<>-oJ·~'\-q"· .

~ ti 3lfw! Fc1 q le/> <ITT ~
c/5,.-JI (ii cfFll ~ qR011'l ~ "'~"·"a.·qi·q I !Zf\oJ.'I] ~oJ·1a.· <ll"~ll
;,rm '&). ~ ctr ~ ~ rn -irc;: tl'lltll:- ~:.
x'q-~ <!1<l "ITT'n. ~ fun3n' ct <'j,{> q f1 'l If1:' s
~ ,1"/ ~ f1 'l 1*1:'
1'i cm-ctrft'f t1l C'I .-JI er~ wt ctr E!'&f1'llf1:.
~
"<e-TT ffi cfT"R '•Pf" "1 <')q ti * fi'PJti 'l If1 ~-.-1 R'I I
;:,,.a, ~ (ii cfFl't ~ q Ru 11 'l U-: tl'lltl- ~ ti'll-11,
~ ;,rm '&) I <:1<:'j'<>~ {i'llf1, tj§_a)~ '<1'11'/1,
Six results of debate- One's l,'& ,i'l Iti. ~ ti 'l l{i crm
mind is disturbed with delusion, fs.j f1 'l l{i I
one is condemned by many Six types of compounding-
persons, one will experience Descriptive determinate com-
unpleasant ripening result in pounds, dependent determinate
next life, these are the three compounds, attributive com-
impurities; and when the pounds, aggregatative com-
realization increases one pounds, adverbial compound
becomes satisfied, one's fame and numeral determinate
spreads in every direction and compounds.
one becomes a Dharma king for
protecting the teachings, these ~~"·~oralf! !l"l·i°·~c::·1 ~-i"·~c;·1 ~~
are the three purities.
i"·~c::·1 il·i"·~c::·1 :iri°·~c::·1 ~-'i"l"r~·
~ ~
'\C::· <JooJ'a"1'"1 I
~
!l"l , _~-<1<>-11 «n>.1f':!,lf: ~lf'll:- q1q101:, vl<'!-

l!f6' q.am:- i:;cl.1'l.' .!,' c/)lf:. =:. J:lcll"5:, ¥[:, ~<!, 'l 1.-J cl:, 11e1T,
f11 'l l"'-1:, fc1 ~1 Q:, ~,i~'l~cl~I11~~-.-1"'R'IF", I '2'1~i-1R'I I
U-: q-<a~- ~ - lJ"T, c/,lf, -f1~l'l~1.--11~. Gl>.lf':!, ~ U-: \i4'lll'f- Yl~l"I,
fc1~)q ~ W6 I \J[('j-J:lcll"5. ¥[. ~ cl.1 Fcrct' '1e1t
The six principles- Substance, 10f ffl I
quality, action, generality, Six symbols of longevity- A
particularity and composition. rock, water-stream, a tree, an
old man, a bird and a deer .
.i'"l·t1·alf! "loJ'"-~"i·qa.·qi·<11 ~a.·!oJ·
,."."'a"l ii'lj·~oJ·•,J~"·qa.·l""·q1 ~-~~
':la.·qi·<J1 "'~·o1c::·~·qi·q1 .ioJ·'\s·
·,:r~"·qa.·ar"-"I ·r~ oJ·'!:1-~"·qa.·t"·<11
278
Set of Six
l~~·~·~:r,'<:Jll,' ~·;<![ ~~·~~·~·~:r,· produced through mental

contact.
CJQ,'l:r,'CJ\ ol1·~~·~·~:r,'<:JQ,'l:r,·CJ/J,i!J'
&11'·~51'allJ g,;.·t1,;.·1 &1"-\ ~I ;{·&11
£l9·~·/J,~~·,·~9·<:J'"l~'§<;.'CJQ,'l"''CJ\ ~·
~I <1,,;.·~·&1af·~&1~·~11
CJQ.''-l.~~·,·~9·<:J'"l~'§<;.'CJQ,'l:r,·CJ1 11l.·
'f<lFclm: fll'lfl:- ~:.
q~~·,·~9'<:J'"l~'§<;.'CJQ,'l:r,'CJ\ i1l.· '1<l.fl<1fllll\!:, ~:. "5;tl'-
ll,~~·, ·~9'<:J'"l ~·§<;.'CJQ,'l:r,'CJ\ fllll,!:, 0Jc-lfl1•1x:, 1-1c:,i1•1x~ilfc1 I
-.-. e..-::6,
"9": ll<f>N ,$ fl 111f- li'i] "cfj"j
"-~~·1 .._9· <:J'"l ~·§,;. 'CJ'-l_.as"'. CJ I f1 I ' I x, '1 cfi© '1 <oT f1 I ' I x, Gtt <oT
"-~~·, ·~ 9.<:J'"l ~·§<;.'CJQ,. l':r,·Q,'{ll f1 I ' I , , ~ <oT fl I' I x, i:rra1t <oT
fl I • I< \ll11T 11G <oT f1 I • I x I
~fclm ~G'fl- ~:fif'-1~1011 Six types of ocean- Ocean of
~. m=,ifif'.1~1011 ~c:'11. honey, ocean of butter, ocean of
'11fficf>lfifl1~1011 ~C:'11, rtiil_iill- curd, ocean of milk, ocean of
fif'-1~1011 ~<';'11, cf>lfif'-1~1011 water and ocean of liquor.
~ . '1'1-Ri,:q~\011 ~C:'11 'ilft'f I <u(&1·i,;.·&1~~·qa·!~·a111 !!l'~CJ1 i9~·
U-: l,l if> If <!ft cl G'11- 3lml et
fl. fl • \ -'l'1' '3 <'1 "'1 iR' cfR'TT ~ c; '11, 3l11 ll,l'd9~·<:J··~n 1s111·9~~1 s9~·
cfiA et fi ft' f -'l'1' \j <'1 "1 cfR'TT
.'l]<:.'\ ,~-~9~·~&1~·~11
~ . "fTcfj et fi fp f -'l'1' (3 <'1 "'1
~ ~C:'11, '11fficf>I et
fifl•f -'l'1' ~i[l q fll 151 <l <.'I <l; <fiffi:-
13 <'1 "'1 cfR'TT ~ c; '11, rtJ il_<l I et '11' I I'!l,'1 :, 3ffi1T:, 3llll~<l:, ~-
fi fl , f -{'1' '3 <'1 "'1 cfR'TT ~ c; '11, ffl 'ij"'~:, ~ "'11 • I:, cl 1-\ cf,~ Rf ~'<l fc1 I
et 'lifl •\ -{'1' '3<'1 "'1 cfR'TT ~ c; '11 ~"ifltl' (~) ,$ "9": 3IB<f>N-
(!l11T l-1 'il fcl $11 '1 et fi ft' f -{'1' '1 I' I l'!l,'1, 3ffi1T, 3llll~<l. <l'(_j,iil~
13 <'1 "'1 cfR'TT 4c; '11 I ~ "'11 ' I Til11T cl 1-\ ct1 Rf I
Six types of feeling- Feeling The six ornaments of this
produced through visual Jambiidvipa (world)- Nagar-
contact, feeling produced juna, Asati.ga, Aryadeva, Vasu-
through olfactory contact, bandhu, Diti.naga and Dharma-
feeling produced through aural kirti.
contact, feeling produced
through gustatory contact,
feeling produced through
physical contact and feeling
279
Set of Six
~ FclEI I PI ~ ell I fil I- ;:;f\q:.

'
9.". I I C'1 :' c!>l<'f: ' cl:ll'1", '+l I' 1.1 't'
q1q~t1R'l 1
ff: ~c2l"- ;:;f\q, 9,'1, ' I C'l , c!>l<'I,
31 lcf>l~I, '+lT1« ~ qrq I
Six principles- Life-force, ft Al "1 sl>'t ~ 15(c q Rsl>'t I:- c!il<I-
'
person, time, space, fortune and Fci tj cjj:' cl Ifrcl c1 cjj:. RI ct1 Fci tj c/i:.
Sill. '111.llcf>IJ.l:, ~ : . '.;'1'1<i:,~t1R'1 i
a: ft Al n1 s1> 11 q Rs1> 11- c!il. qfcf> Fci tj et>' -Rim Fci c1 c/i .
'
CJ i!\"i' <l"-.·.:i·"-~•::CJa'i'(l!l' ci:f'\ 1 \"i·s'\'~Ill' '111.llcf>ll.l, ~ ~ '.;'l'i<i, I
Six levels of completion stage-
<l'-'.'i'(l!l'UJ '\ 1 ...z;-~-~CJ'<l'-'.'i'(~'UJ '\ 1
'1'\ - '-'. V
Isolation of body, isolation of
speech, isolation of mind,
~"1 ~-~CJ· <i.'(· fs"rci:f'\1 CJ~"i '<I'-.. ~CJ· <i.'(.
illusory body, clear light and
rs~·ilf"i\11 union.
~·"la..~·!·fi:i~·a"l tl!l·<ia·fCJlllJ CJl!l&J'
<1.'(·(CJl!-IJ :i"i'<i,'(·fCJlllJ ~l!,j'CJ~"i-~'
{CJl!-IJ CJf"i''-'.~l!l'~·fCJl!-I\ OJt;l!l'~'
"-S l!-l'<la· f CJl!l' ~11

~~ ~ ilC'llf.'1- -'Ji'j/,IC'l'i,
' :, '
311 ~ I1.1 ~ uj 1,1 c4 "t1TI'r I
'
Six types of substantial exis- ~ Cfi ff: ifc-1'- ~i'l /,I ('f.
tence- Logically established 311 ~ I1.1 <I C'l, fli R'I <I C'I, fl'·\.l "1 "'1 <I "1,
substantial existence, ever- q~,:f 1,1 C'l ~ fi<B)u\1,1 C'l I
unchanging substantial exis- The six powers of Calm
tence, functional substantial Abiding- The power of hearing,
existence, independent substan- the power of thinking, the
tial existence, primordially power of mindfulness, the
established substantial existence power of introspection, the
and truly existent substantial power of effort and the power
existence. of familiarity.
280
Set of Six
~ :, 31R'i(llf<I:,
~ ~ 31f<'l~\h:i:, ~:. 31R'ldl~,
~~I "'111~·<iq_ll 31 R'i 'l "G ~ i1 f<'I I
~ <1«tf'l- 31cl:, ~ c'!afOT1'!, ufCI -q} u-: ffi- ~ c'!1'islT,
qe,:, cflTc'!:, qfcrci ~i1 I ~ ~. 31f<'l~~<I.
~= cm;i;- 31cl, ~ c'!lffUT, 1:flff, ~~~.~~\,~
cITTc'f 101' ~ I ~ +f"'i;"J
Six principles- Purpose, Six errors of recitation- Very
phenomena, characteristics, long, very short, very fast, very
part, time and logic. slow, very strong and very low.
~·~·{a"1 ai111·<1~:r::i'\111·~'\1 "l'l]''-1''\c:.· ~"1'&l"i·~ar<ra"1 \.i,·!·it111·~"il ryllj"I'~·
"-S"l·r::i1 ai111·<i~·r::i%c:.~·<i1 ai111·<ia.l~- it111·~.i,l ~llj'<IC>.'itllj·~.i, l 111~c:.·r::ia.·it9·
11i'"-S"l·r::i1 ai111·<ia.l ~-~·oi!:!a,·<11 ai111· ~"ii {9"1'<1C>.'it9·~"il 9.i,~·~·it111·~.i,·
<ia.· ~·QJ~·~c:.·r::iitn
~n
tlltl<l'fll ~ i;1~1fil1:- {ll{aq-
' ~ 31 if> f.! '<I I:- xilcl cf'i Icf'i f.1 <o: ,
~ : . 'lil{aq{l~.£1":, {11Uc11isl<li:,
{l lU c1 lj{l ~ "i.T:, {l lU c1 Ijclj_c-1:, c'!!:'l o11 cf'i f.1 <o: , "ll Ill Icf'i f.1 <o: '=-
~--·
{11Uqg~pi1R'I J cf'i f.1 <o :, 3ITtl ' I'l Icf'i f.1 <o :, ~-
tlltl<l -q} u-: ~- {11Uc1 cpl cf'i f.1 <o ~,'1 R'I I
~ . {11Uc1 "'It {l~"i.T. {ll{aq "'It u-: 31 if> f.! '<I- xilclcn 31 qi f.1 <o,
c'!lffUT 31 qi f.1 <o, ""ll"Tll 31 qi f.1 <o,
3!Til"<li", {11 U c1 "'it 31 j{l ~ '£1", {11 U c1
"$ 31 jcf'i~c'1 \l~ {11 U c1 cpl ~ I :!til 31 cf'i f.1 <o, ~ 31 qi f.1 <o
~ ~ 31qif.1<o I
The six doors of contami-
nation- Nature of contamina- Six types of stage Beneath
tion, relating to contamination, None- Beneath None of
being bound with contami- meaning, Beneath None of sign,
nation, close relation to Beneath None of reasoning,
contamination, accordant to Beneath None of secrecy,
contamination and arising from Beneath None of realization and
contamination. Beneath None of place.
".llllf~·J"i·a"1 ,.,.;;c:.·~c:.·r::i1 ,.,.;;c:.·!:lc:.·r::i I Cllr::i·!·,"1·i·a"1 '\~'$'\l J,'$'\l oJ,QJ·

,.,·;;c:.·oifllj"l''Jf "1. ;;c:.·~QJ'Qf ")'ilC:.'~9· $'\l ll]~'Sl i\~"-·t111~1 ~<>J·:i.i,·!·
'If ,.,·;;c:.·-1.i,·"'itn toi·sitn
281
Set of Six
~ ft«rl~:- 'jcgc'.:, et0,i;c'll-j, mental engagement to the

cfiUdl"ix01'1, it>'tlcfi'1, cfiYlc'IYl~'1. conclusion of activity.
' ' '
'li fl-1 R1 c'I cfi ~ i1 R1 I
~"l·!·~·<J·a111 ~"-~QJ1 ~~-~QJ, ~~
U-: f'l«!-'j(;I<.[- ~ . cg"<5c'I,
~. qRs1ccfi (~). ~"~r~-~QJ1 ci.~~-~"Jl '\i;',,r~°'I
cfi q Ic'I q I ~ cf1!IT 'li fl-1 fc1 c'I cfi I
The six ornaments of a father
(male deity)- Headdress U,Jt;'~l
(Crown), earrings, necklace,
bracelets, skull cup and daubing ~~~"ll ~I ~1 (1 i,~·s1 l"l·~11
ashes (the body covered with
ashes). IIRl' Rllllll:- ~ :
' '
-..:mu-
fctq-lJ: . \11 s Fcl q 4 :. ~11q,rrfu-1-=*-fcl""q=,r.
<ll "i's"i·a111 a.ia;'~ ·~ "· ,i'·,i'.,.~111· r.i· c!J \a"' 1 "!,c'I fcl q ,1:. 311 c'I ~ '1 fcl q 4 ~'tl I
i"'rr.i·c!J '\·a'\ I ,;Q·1 ·"ii:l ~·r.i&·c!J '\·a'\1 <IT
-wr:T, ~161;'1, 1f,'tT:, "'1:,
'
'\IIJ'l.'"l'"l i'\·r.i&·c!J'\·s'\ 1 "i~\<rc!J '\'a'\ 1 '
ei'f~i1R1 I
i "-'"l' ~a·c!i'\·a"i·f11
a.i U-: Rlllll ~ . =\1=1tUnfcl"'q=11.
\l 1sfclq;q, 11qR'cifclq;q. "!,c'lfclq11
11-sRIEI: 'l'it<l>I~:- c'f~UI\IR1-
' cr.m 311 c'I ~ '1 fcl q 4 I
fcl "'1 "1 f Ix :, \Ji .-i-; '1 '1 f 1,:, II fcl Fcl-
cro 11<1,-q, 1,:, 'j~ t1 Ifill 6'1 '1 f 1,:, m
fcli-1 I'1'1'1 f 1,:, 1141 1 11 'fi •H f 1, ~i-1 ""'· ~ . 'T"tT, "'· ~ "(1'~
I Wll
U-: Y"il>R ~ 'l 'l t I~- c'llffUT- Six objects- Apparent object,
\1 fc1 fcl c; '1 'l f I( U".-i-; '1 'l f I, , implied object, grasping object,
11Fclfcl@ '1'1'1-cfil,, 'j~t1fi!.I 6 focused object, actual object
'1 '1 f 1,, fcl 'tl 1, '1 '1 f 1, "(1':1.JT and focal object.
OR
1141' 11l'fi '1'1f<l>I, I Visible form, sound, odour,
Six types of attention- Mental taste, tangible object and
engagement to individual phenomena.
characteristics, mental engage-
ment arisen from aspiration,
mental engagement of complete
isolation, mental engagement of U,Jc_"l''J' ;,;~ 1 aJ~~-u:r'\1 'l.f"''.r'Cl.~'IJ
encompasssing joy, mental ~ ~ "l '"lil"l 1 ;,;'3;· <1'"1~11
engagement .to analysis and
282
Set of Six
OJ,:, 41· '!i'q_a,o.i· QI <, "] "1' er OJ,:, "1' '!i'f.l. o.i·
Q~II
1Sf6fclti 31ciq <ltl 011-J,
'
qif ll U 11-J'
1-llclq4qu11-J,, c'fff1Ulq4qu11-J,' '1'8-1'-
.
q4qu11-J, c/>l<'lq4qu11-J, "'-1111q4qoj
' '
Six cities of central India- "f1fc, I
Rajagrha, Vaisali, Sravasti, O: Y<li"R -ci, qiflfITT- 31ciq 4 q uI,
Varfu)asi, Saketa and Cham- ''llclq4qo1, c'fff10lq4qo1, i:raiq4qo1,
paka. c/>l<'lq4qo1 o:m "'-1111q4qo1 I
u.i ii 41·a111 r .,·'is"'.,.ii)~"1 ;.i-ari:.· ~-!:l.a: Six types of thorough inves-
tigation- Investigation into
u.l·~" 1 i5J~i5J'~'\'ii:! -~"1 ~'-\"]·9·ii:!· mean-1ng, investigation into
things, investigation into
~ "11 ~-~cr~·ii:)·~"11 ~i5J'C,l'~i5J"1" ~'\ characteristics, investigation
i5J~ °'i''J'~i5J"1"~11 into direction, investigation into
time and investigation into
~f<tq $11.J'l_- Ellfc11$1H'1, ~ - logical reasoning.
"11-1'1, i/i'lc11$11'11-J, ~<'<114a'!UI-
' ' ~"141 ·a111 ~.,-~-~"1"1 ~°'-i°'·~·
$11.-J'l,' c/><'<ll.-f'<ll$1H'l,
c. ~ '
t14$1$11'-i
"f1fc, I ~"1"1 S)'~"1'9'~"1"1 CJ.')1l.'~"1"1
"9: Y<li"R -ci, "W.-J"- El ,j c1 I$11 '1, "o.i. sli.l..~ "1 ".~II
311<:~1$11'1, f1'lc11$11'1, i;fc'[IT-
~8-1 uI$11 '1, cl)_ <'<11 j'tl I$11 '1 TI'l!T ~ '!?, <'I If.'1- il ii> cg <'i '1, ~ C'1 ~ <'1 'i,
c/) R! c/) Icg<'i '1, c/) 1-j <'I cg <'i '1' {sj ~' I-
t14$1$1H I
Six types of wisdom- Wisdom of et <'I '\. cl \JI cg c-i "f1fc't I
O: '!?,c'f- ilil>cg<'I, ~,M~cg~<'I=, q,R\q, I-
reality, mirror-like wisdom,
wisdom of equality, wisdom of '¥[' c/) 'i <'I cg <'I , {sj ~ ' I't <'I ~
individual realization, wisdom cl \JI cg <'I I

of accomplishment and wisdom Six families- Wheel family, Jewel
of the omniscient one. family, Curved-Knife family,
Lotus family, Sword family ad
Vajra family.
'\(.,.2J'·uf,:, •!r '!i'f.l.lo.i·Ql '5JiS°°'i'~ '\'uf,:, 41 · ~11141·.r1114fa111 MQ·'i2J'°'·~·~q-~41·,5J~\
'!i'f.l.lo.i·Q I !"141·uf"'"''!i''l.io.i·q1 541· . CJ1l.''\!:l.''5J'~"141'l"l"'a"l'~ I ~q-~"''-QI
283
Set of Six
c:'Z/'i''-)"i. ~·"I "9l!l'l;J'~q1'~· "9": ~~<l>R- 3lfu.T

<liT
'.fgc. ;;ffe~ "qi"] qj,"-sc1, ;;ffe~ <liT
"I ~i.·af~o1·"-~9 ~.,,·i.,,·~,;·i.·~o1l!I·
~ . ;;ffe~ ctr ~. 3lfu.r
~ll "qi"] 1T (fl1.IT 3lfu.T '-l$114q~t1 I
The six ornaments of bone-
~ ~f.ffi~IFP-'llfill- (311ill4- Bone crown, bone ean-ings,
'11'11'!!'1~fR.ldlf.'I ~ 1];f.ffi"- bone necklace, bone bangles,
~II t-,11 filr )- 'f<1'1t21>-1q, q, 1Rq, 1. bone anklets and crematory
fc1 iH,cl.11 cl ct.--i\ ~"'-ld I{i '<'1 ffi :, ashes.
gfcln q f&.-'.q,I, ~ c; c'l-19 q,,o 1'j,
~ ~ 111·"·ai.i al i.i·~. ~o1·~ l!I."-)l!I. "a,.~:ii·"I
xrllcl<1l <'! I
u-: ~f.ffi ~ll'hl- (atlillli' -11 111'!{or ~·<11l.·~•r~ "l'"-)l<l'<Jll.·~ "1'"1 tll.A&1·~~·
~ f R.I a u-: 1];f.ffi" ~ II 'hi)-
'f<1 '1tll '1 q, q, IR q, I, fc1 ~ 5 cl.I Icl ct '11. "-)"l'<Jll.·~i.i·" I ~a.·~&1·~'!1'"-) l!l'l;J~·
~"'-1 d Ifl '<'1 ffi . 'jR\n '1 f&.-: q, I, ~"1·" I ';!l<l·~·~&1·~ "l'"-)l!l'<Jll.·~:ii·"I
~c;("l.19qi{OI (fi1.IT '1Mlcl"11 I
Six treatises on Middle Way- &l 'i.~·~ &I'~ l<l'"-)l<l' <Jll.. ~ l 1. "~11
The Fundamental Treatise on
the Middle Way (Millamadhya-
~ tt1 ~1 f=- <'l~J;=fi-1'-l~IGl: m:.
,,/l-,1 fi-1'-l ~1 "1: ffl:' '11 ff! q, 1-
maka Karika), the Refutation of
Wrong Views (Vigrahavyavar- fi-l'-l ~IGl: m:. ft!i'\<llfi-1'-l~I'":
tanI), the Seventy Verses on m: '
q,1iifi-l'-l~IG1: m:'
Emptiness (Silnyatasaptati), the '1 'il Fc1 $1 1'-1 {i-1'-1 ~I Gl -1'-l ~I ~il ffi I
Sixty Verses of Reasoning "9": Y<l>R "if> ~- 3ITTs! cfi
(Yukti~a\ika), the Thorough {i fl I I 'ff '3 <'G "l '51'l qf(1l ffi,
Investigation (V aidalyapra- "qi"j'1 c/, {i fl I f 'ff \:l (-q "l ~
karai;ia) and the Precious cfTc'!T ffl. "'1fq, cl, fi fl 'f '1
Garland (RatnavaJI). '3 (-q "'1 rn cfTc'!T m. rti i'\<11 cfi
~"1·<1a.·!.,,·a111 'i':;!'i"i I ~·i"i I o1~/ll·i"i1
fi fl, 1 'ff '3 N "'1 rn cfTc'!T m.
ffi cl, fi fl' f 'ff '3 (-q "'1 ~
"l"l'"l)'-1 "1"''"1)'-1 o1l\~,;·fi.i"I· cfTc'!T ffl (fl1.IT '1'11Fi1$\1'1 cfi
fi fl' f 'ff '3 <G "'1 '51'l cfTc'!T ffl I
~oJ'-1'~11
Six types of contact- Contact
~ ~cpR'f:- through association with eye,
q,01fc1:S·qil{: (q,filfq,:), <()Uc) 1- contact through association with
'l-(, "I 'l. 'Qtj q, 't, 'i:l.< 't, ii $1'1 q c\'la ear, contact through association
with nose, contact through
~I
284
Set of Six
association with tongue, contact taking delusion as a path, taking

through association with body illness as a path, taking gods
and contact through association and ghosts as a path, taking
with mind-consciousness. suffering as a path and taking
death as a path .
.::a111 oJi::..,·CJ1 ~"'·CJ1 f'CJJ CJl'i\'CJJ ,6·
"lll"~'')CJi:;.·?.f1 "-"l'~"')CJi::.·2i1 "J<!]'<Jl>.'')CJ"-.
CJ 1 "J.3i'i6' CJi{ll
2f1 sf·<1l>.·1CJc;·2i1 "1>1"-'"loJ·~·1CJc;·2i1
ffi: ~'~ : - mrr: '"3'
311'c'[: ft'rcfn:
I ' ,
=c/>=q1=4: ('3l'JUT:). ~:. c1cJUl~'r1R'I I "l11""CJl>."')CJi::.·2i1 oJl°9·~"')CJc;·'Jl{11

"9": Y"if>"R' ~ t<l Ic; (ffi)- 1'fT,
~ <l)l'f~;q Ifill cl I fi'I f.'i: 4'\,
3Jl'c1', ft'rcfn. c/>414, c/>~c/> (cf>,scJI)
q10\)f.'i:41J, q1~f.'i:4'1, q1~cl
n:m <'11 cl 0\)4 I ' ' '
f.'i: 4 '\, 'Ji':l f.'i: 4 '\, ~ cit f.'i: ,ti ''f-~"lf- cllfi'If.'i:4, qroj'r-
bitter, astringent, hot and salty.
~. q1~f.'i:4, q1~c1f.'i:4,
'
(·f&111·("-·a111 ~oJ"{"]·"JoJ'~ "'1 f <li· 'Jt:l f.'i: 4 ~ ~ cit f.'i: ;q I
Six sense faculties of action
5fi::.ll'"JoJ'~"'1 <3i"io'"JoJ'~"'l l"-~' (faculty of motor function)-
oioJ·~"' I i "l 'CJ '!("l."JoJ' ~"'1 "-i.CJ" Speech sense faculty, hand
sense faculty, leg sense faculty,
oioJ·~ "-'CJ,';l!,r~"l·ilf1 anus sense faculty, sense faculty
of the secret organ and the
lfc; tl'l-<ti.fle1;q:- Fclcf>c-ll'111Jl'f'14,
supreme sense faculty.
401~11-11,f'14:, ~l•IIJl•f'14:, ~ -
IJl•f'14:, ~:<.!IIJl'f'14:, 'i<".;'ll'f- ~11·~·f1·a"l ~·oJ, ari::.·11 r.rCJ, "lloJ,
'14 ~'<1 fa I
~c:_·<11 oJ~"'l·<1i{II
"9": tl IJ ~ tl .fl Rt ;q i- fcl c/> <"l '11 <ITT
i:wf et ~
lf ~ c/>~'11, ~ c/>l,Q41~1fill- ~ . qq-ql~14:,
~ <ITT 'lT'f et ~ l'f ~ 311'11~14:, 31"51'J"I:, 3l'ic:tlc614'l,
""'11, '17T <ITT 'lT'f et ~ ii fi1rnl~l4~'<1R'i I
~ c/>~'11, ~ ~ "'[c1 <ITT U: q,fll'-qf';J- ~. q cJ'cl I~ I4,
i:wf et ~ lf ~ c/>~'11, 311 '1 I~ I4 , 31.-51 'J" I, 3l1 c; ,:j c/> C1\1:fT
~ & <ITT 'lT'f et ~ ii ~ fi1rnl~l4 I
""'11 (1\1:fT ~ <ITT 'lT'f et ~ ii Six hollow organs of the body-
~ c/>~'111 Small intestine, large intestine,
Sixfold equal tastes- Taking stomach, colon (great gut)
conceptualization as a path, urinary bladder and bile.
285
Set of Six
'3"'1ci<'<lli:\ ~
~. ~ J-3=...--i=c1=cq=1=a
CJ ~di·?:ij i!.Ji6.3i'3f"-;:I.Ji· <J 1 ~ "1 'r.i~: fil'"1 ~r ~= 3lcl'icil ~ . ~
'3 "'1 ci «I Ici c/l1Ufli1lT: 31 cl 'i ci I '1clTI1
Q'"J' CJ~ .Ji'J.ll'i'j, "@=[:, ~ .
l-h'.141'1'1, ~. fclijjlc'iillll
q1fqffl~a1. xil-11"1~~\'i'i, ifilfl~IU~ •i\il'i'i, 3111\il.-i iffer I
'
(311<'1{-ll'\) ~ I , , "!Pt qi <Ii Al '1 qi u-: <Ii" 01-
'liT'T (t!RJRd) qi 314illl qi U-: 'rfi ~ cfi ~ 1fTlT ~ 'R
~ {<1>1,01)- '1U41'i, ~31T q ~ tj '1 ~ qiT ;fi'q[ iAT.
<.Sl c'l'i I, , I~ijj Ic'I ii 1a'JUf ijj{'i I, q~tj'i ~ cfi ~ ~ 1N 'fl1
~ qiT ;fi'q[ N'il, c:fa'!uT ~
qp:ft ~ ff!~cil, xil'ilftiijj ~ qiT
31 cl Ji ijj 'i ijj, 'i I Tim 311 <'I {-<.I I * ~ ~ 1N '3rn~ ~
;fi'q[ N'il,'3rn~ ~ cfi ~
qi"]
Six causes of poverty- Drinking

alcohol, gambling, wandering at ~ 1N -efa'!ufi ~ qiT ~
night, association with bad N'il, cf51UT cfi 1fTlT cfi ~ ~
company, watching social 1N 1JUT 1fTlT qiT ;fi'q[ N'il c1m
gathering and laziness. 1JUT 1fTlT cfi ~ ~ 1N qj]1J[
1fTlT qiT ;fi'q[ N'il I
~·~lll'"'a11J"f11J"l'CJJ .i:i"·i!,I,;.<li ·~CJ' 'ii!.J"-1 m
~CJ'i!.J"Ii''<li'"'l". 'ii!.J"-1 f i!.J"li'' di'S~.'ii!.J"-1 'cfc'f"'1, "'J.q 'i' "@=I, ~.
•l,"1'11 Tim 31 11"1'1 I
a~· -v'
i!,I ~ • di· '.If 'ii!.J "-1
-v' ""
i!,I ~ "'· i!,I ~ ·di·'i!:l~ ·'ii!.J"-· Six ways of shaking the earth- If
CJ 1 'i!:l~-i!.J"li'·.Ji'i!,1 ~'\''ii!.J"-' CJ3.'11 the east is higher, the west is
lower; if the west is higher, the
<Q~''il east is lower; if the south is
higher, the north is lower; if the
"-';j"l'CJJ "]UJ'CJJ ~llj'<IJ ~9·r.i1 ~,;· north is higher, the south is
~"1 iti!.J'd>i!.J'CJ,'5~·~1 1
- :, -v' lower; if the comers are higher,
the central part is lower and if
?Rl:n'lm: "JPl<1>Al'1~\'..lll:- ~ - the central part is higher, the
~ '3"'1t1«llci 4~il'1R~I comers are lower.
'
aic1-1c11 ~. 4~illiR~1 OR
'3"'1ci«llci crc!R~I 31cl'icil ~ Moving, shaking, lifting,
'
~ '3"'1t1«llt1 '3ct-NR~I
" ' erupting, humming and
' shimmering.
3lcl'icil ~. '3rn,R~1 ·
286
Set of Six
11~cfilfifll~i"11 'ild11, ~~~1,-i-

il111G·a"l ~c:iq·,;)3,Ji,ir i i,i·,,:!''\~'\·CJq·
{(1~\"11 'ild11, cfil'-lfifl1~1"11
,;)3,JIG [ ~3,J'CJ"-''\~'\'CJq·,;) 3l"lf °2. IG'CJ<,' iia11 "ITW 'lf1:,-ifll~l"11 iia11 1
'l.~"i'CJq·,;)3JIG[ ~3J'CJq·,;)3J"l1 t!"i'CJq' Six aggregates of intention-
Intention produced through
;;i 3,J 1G. ~11
visual contact, intention
~ ~l'.l 'l RI ct1 'l- '-Ji'l RI rn "(. produced through aural contact,
3lji.J,Rlrn"(, R1i.Jix 01Rl-a"(. intention produced through
:wrn 1,011 RI &Pi, ,-i cti o11 Rlrn 1-1, olfactory contact, intention
' ' produced through gustatory
3!1~11Rf1Rlrn ~ I
contact, intention produced
-a: Y"ili"R et RI m- 'f"1 RI rn. through physical contact and
3lji-HRlrn. Fc1i.J1'!"1 IRlrn, 3{q-
intention produced through
lcl1,011 Rlrn, ,-icfi"11Rlrn "ITm mental contact.
3!1~11Rf1Rlrn I
Six types of mind- Basic mind, ar-11._·i·11f"i·f,:rga·11~·~'\·a"l iOJ'
post-analytical mind, analytic ~ll"l''jZ:.'~''11 ")OJ'Qq' i·'I] ~ IG''ll
mind, discerning mind, "i'\''1"-' ~Z:,'Cl~"Cl [ ,;z:.·9 ''<f"-'iOJ'~IIIG'
restraining mind and wishing '\ C:. ~"i. 'I IG ''\ "l' CJ I f i,i· '\C:' ~c:.i:Jz:.. 9 "l' '4"i'
mind.
"~"l"l''II c:i~c:i·s· ~3,Ji,i·)IG''\c:·)11''1:l'
.;)111G·.,a·,c:·q·a"l .:i 111•9 '")i,i ·i\ ·~"l' CJ' 'l.~3J"l''lil."11
OJIG'§Z:.'Q,l.;) 3,J"l''I I ~·c:iq·'l,)IG'i\ ·~ "l''I' tl 1'11 rl.1 111 RI 1-fhH Iii t li' 'f'-1' ~
"JIG'§z:.·c:iq·,;) 3J"l''l1 1q''I,)"l'ry ·~ 'l]''I' "1'1:l 011 f.'t- ~[) ci q 11,, Fc111.1 fc1 R:1-
$111"(, ,1fr1oj J:ITT'r 3ljcfi'-YI,
OJ!Sl'§Z:.'Qq·,;j 3J"l''l1 ~q·'I,) IG'ry ·~ 'l]''I'
tqq1qc;~Tlcii1i.'i'1lf\ ~:. '11'llr1~
OJIG'§Z:.'c:iq· ,;j3J"l''II ';!"l'~''l.)"l'i\ ·~"l' q,1qcfi1,:, x,'i<)-x,'i<) (3q~~I:
'l'OJIG'§ z:.·c:iq·,;)3J"l''I I al'\'~''1.)"l'i\ ·~"l' ~I
t1 11-1 1.-,:i 111 RI 1-fl lff-311 ii Ilf et u-:
CJ'OJ IG'§ z:.. c:iq·,;) 3J"l'qi{il "1'1ffUT- ~[) ci ci-a I, fcram c/lt fitf£J"
~ ~ (1'11 'f '1'-1 J: - i.J'~: fi ftl ~\ "11 cITT "$IT1', '1-.fl cfi J:ITT'r 3l jcfi '-Y I,
ild1 I, ~.fb!x-ifl.l~\"11 'ild1 I, ~ q1qc;1 cfi ~Tl<:'1'11"\ ~ x'I
11~cfi1tiftl~i"11 iia11. ~~~1- ~ ~. wi ~ ~ x'I
fifl1~i"11 iia11. cfil'-lfifl1~i"11- '3 q cfi 1, cfi,11 (1\>lf "fl"m-"fl"m
i)a11. 1-11-R-ifl.l~\"11 iia11 ~ 1 tR (3q~~I ~<';11 cfix11 I
-a: -.lc111'f<1>.:U- . ~:tifl.l~\"11 The six characteristics of the
i)a11. .i:,n~,::i,.q~\"11 iia11. general master of Individual
287
Set of Six
Liberation- Observance of master who bestows instruction,

moral discipline, knowledge of a master who confers empower-
the rituals related to Vinaya ment and a master who gives
(Discipline), compassion to the ritual guidance.
sick people, purity because of
his retinues, remaining ~-~·,a·a;~·a9 ~~-~·~"ii Cl1j<;'CJa:f11
untouched with the conduct of · 9~,;·scl.(~I (<>i·w.l.·¥·9 ,iil\1 q~·
his companions, benefiting
others through Dharma and CJCl.'11]~·.S11
materials and g1v1ng
instructions time to time. ~ t'6<1>~ffl:- ct>l'11<:1-,,,ct>I(,
f r::r'\rr'i·a111 '\"l't,1r'\i;· { ol'CJ·g"i·CJ":i ,r .

Yl'1Yloil-J, t11~0~,i;:;cll1-J, cHt1fc1iu:,
'
31=1{1='1m1-1. ~ cl 1{1.-i ffl ~ I
'
'\?i''il CJ~~·~i;·g"i·CJQ_'i'l"'\?i'"il t'\' t"6<1> ~ a: 'ijTI- cfil<l- 31=c1""il>="·
,fr.'\ cfi ~ GT'51, EfRUT fc!;<1' ~
CJ.f1'\' l"-'i'l·'\?i'"iI "lil\',;9· {"\"CJ"-" i CJ"
rim lfcll, c[]U-~. 3ITTR d~
'\?i'"il '\Cl<;"CJ'""CJQ."i'l"'\q"il <>i~·g1· EfRUT fc!;<1' \ilR rim q.-,r I
CJ"-'iCJ·1?i'"\'~II The six costumes of Heruka-
Garment for the body, vase
~fltm: 3ll'<ll'1f:- ~i'i'1'<!iq~c;1<11 (pot) for drinking, substance for
3lli114:, 3ll'l'i"1Yc/n1\ 3Jltjl4:, holding, music related to rituals,
d"'lclll{..«11c/>I~: 311i114:, 13q~~l- seat and robes for wearing.
~c;1<11 311i114:, ~
311tjl4:, cf>4cf>~l'<llil~i!R, I 1ra9 ~-r"i-~1·~·~1 u1·~a-~1 ~a.-~1
a: "lr"Cl)"N ~ 311 '<l I li'- '11,ll ~ 9~111~·~·~1 ~9·~,1:~1 ola;°.3i'ol'l.'l~'
x'fcR >!ciA m .
rim 311 tj Iif,
3Jl1l1l ~ vfC! !.I;:; I'1 rim m a9·11]1
m rim
311 i1 Iif, cF:l ctT ell I{..«11 llf6fltm: ~<IT:- d('('q~q: 31~:
311i11if. 13q~~I !.1<;1'1 m rim ' ' '
~1.,:;~c1:, '<'lY~cl:, ~(;l~cl:, <'!!ffUT-
3!T'<lm. ~ 1,1;:;1'1 m rim ~cl~'tlfa I
311 tj 14 cll1:11 ~ ci, fcr1'f4cf>~) 3le'l~~cl<'ll, ~l"G~cl<'ll, '<'lY~clcil,
311tjlif I
~Gl~cldl cll1:fT <'!1/1"1~'1<'11 I
Six types of master- A master Six deities- Deity of suchness,
who bestows pledges and vows, syllable deity, sound deity, form
a master who bestows oral and deity, posture deity and sign
reading transmission, a master deity.
who bestows tantric teachings, a
.288
Set of seven
i·1ci· '!!11].,.!i.,.ci~~l ~:)!'i!.J'SI /l!"-'gc:_· The seven treatises by

Longchen Rabjampa- The
t'<I "-'4<!J"'''r'llt i!.J'1ilil "'c:_"''!"' Treasure of Philosophy, the
ci at" I ai <TJ .,. ~· "-S"i I If '\gc:..,. ~11 Greater Vehicle Treasure, the
Wish Granting Treasure, the
'11•11'!{~ ~ at'txt1':!,?1T:- Treasure of Transmission, the
~11crif'ix. 'l1•1o11~:. 3l14~c1:, Treasure of Reality, the
"'f<l'T:, isf<i, q I~ ct:, "11 cl fcl tj cb:, Treasure of Nature and the
3l~cl£llq~i:jff! I Treasure of Words and
'l 1•11'!{.Y ci, "tl"m ail xt1':!,"f- Meanings.
~11 cri f'1-:l, 'll'lo!ilrr, 3ll4~cl. "IJ(f'T, Cl>1J"-'<TJ"i&1"'' ~·l'IIJ"'·ci~d\ l !l,Q'"icic:_. I ~"\·
~<t, q I~ ct, ''11 cl fc1 tj cb cR:rT
3Hclt/1q I ,;•r<!JEl<!J"'l ;j'<>i'i!.J\ al 'lj"i''<'~''I;''<~·
The seven spiritual sons of
'\c:.·1 ~. i\<TJ '!ii!.J' ~ ·l o.·<!J'!i&i'Q,,;o.·'<~d\ I
Achiirya Niigiirjuna- Sakya-
mitra, Nagabodhi, Aryadeva, ~ 3ll$11tl>tl'llil<lEIJJf: ('ili:<llx:
Malanga, Buddhapalita, Bhava- ~: Gir'tic:<1>1f.t °'i)fcr)- ~-
viveka and Asvagho~a. ~llcfll~Pi:, 3lcl<'l1Rhd~ilx.
f c:_·i~·i!.J("i''<~~l ~Q·.;i~<>.·.;i('\ I 'll<!J· "1 g IRcf, I 'ctRT, 3ft!'R:.
i!.J ¥<TJ·.;i('\ 1 &I'\''<~"\..;i( "i I &1"\.c:_ <lJ.

Fc1 'l <l fq c'. cf, 'l,
~ 'ilfi'f1
' .
«cl fq c'. cf, 'l,'
i!.J('\1 r.,·'\~c:..,·.;i('\1 <TJ"\"''c!<TJ"' "tl"m 311 i,1 Iil 1ff'lT ~ ('ell'{ il <1 d I
~q tft.y Gif!lc:<1>)-
i!.J('\ I i<!J\d\·.;i('\·~.;i.,·~11 "f<i, ~I Icl11 ~Pi. 3l cl <'11 Fchd~cl'<'.,
"1 g IRcf, I 'ctffi, 3ft!'R, Fcl 'l <l fq c'. cf,'
ai1i.11 li\•1) -sU'lx<luJ'l f<lxRla 1: ~
R , , *i,clfclc:i/5 om ~ 1
1]~:-i<t, l-iii/51~1:, <l l'llct1'1-
The four divinities and three
'<l>'m:, R1'fllcbl~I:, '34~~1cb'l~I:, texts of Kadampa Tradition-
t14ct1cb'1~1:, ~ : . ~l&;icl- Buddha Sakyamuni, A valo-
cbl~l~ilR'! I kitesvara, Bhattarika Tara and
311 i.11 li' <'fl ,s U"'I" x<I "1 JJ fc'l xR.i d Acala, these are the four deities;
"tl"m 1J~- R1 <t, I'f1 cbl ~I, '11'RT- and the basket of teaching on
discourses, the basket of
ct1 'l cbl ~ 1. R1'f11i/51~1. '34~~1i/51~1.
teaching on moral discipline
t14ctlcbl~I. o~ctlcbl~I cR:rT
and basket of teaching on
~l&;IQ.\cfil~I I knowledge, these are the three
texts.
289
Set of seven
!~·~·'\zrq ''< ·,:r,:i~ol\l q,;·\,''l.'\'l.'r:J' Seven features of a divine

embrace- Con1plete enjoyment,
'lj~i!.lf ~~·ol\~''l.'\'l.'r:J''lj~i!.ll afc.·~·r.i.?:i· embracing each other, great
Q'r:J~~·q~ol\'~ll bliss, non-inherent existence,
completely pervaded by
~ ~~"il'ld'l:- ~S't1,l4R- compassion, uninterrupted
f.'!c1i~o1:, ~ '344t14Rf.'ic1i~u1 continuity and non-cessation.
\3i'U'l>t41ctl'IRl~il ~ efcr I r3,;·~9·~·ajc.·q~ol\l c\l''lq·ajc.·1 il\'\"I"'
fl wFl lJ;'Ql'f cfft ™ •1Rl ,i f
cfR 31.-t1'<14Rf.'ic1lfil1.1i. cfR ~·mc.·1 1·-93,·m•::1 .:ir.i.i!.l·ia,·mc.·1 ij'
0qqt1qRf.'ic1\~1.1i i;ci \3i'U'l-
, , RI ij"'·~·mc.·1 :i9·,v.t~c.· 1 r.i.!(i!.l·mc.·i~li
>l41 <'11' I I
The seven migrations of holy J,i!.l~·..r11
person- The three persons who
attain liberation in the interme- ~Sl)ql,S'(-ll ~ GfC(T:- c1.,;5'14·,
diate state, the three persons ~ :
~':.1l~t::II,, =n-d'trc:
~'<lb'l'i, Fct,...,, ...O'"1q: ,
who attain liberation when they ~:.~:.~1
are born and one who i.! lb <l I -i; .f; "flTd" &ll{- ii 'i; i/)t!,
progresses higher. ~ . ~ . Fct,...,,5"1q,
~ . ,lt:i"i~q om llsl"P"J.-
ffeq I
"lol\'"l'lj fl'{"-'~'"lol\'"l'lj Q~. al°l·~·U,J°'' The seven surrounding conti-
nents- Continent of the Moon,
°'9 >;C,'Q~°l·a)'\'qq·U,J°''°'9 ~°''l continent of White Light
(Subhrailsu), continent of Kusa,
~<l~·9c.·qq'U,Jol\'°'9 ®°'·3)· '6')''Jq'
continent of Kinnara, continent
U,J°''°'9 r.i.af9·q·~ 'i''Jq'U,J"i'°' 9·af11 of Crane, continent of Raiidra
and continent of the great world
flRj,<ftFf/1 fl~l 111f.l-~ . (Jambiidvipa).
~. 'lSlxj<.511:S;•ll-j,
31"1 Iq I'.g·l Il-J,, fl ruuji'jj'(iOI l:S'' I'l,,
'<f"-'J.""~ol\1 '\~.'l~'\·,ri!.l·9~~1 '\~'
' c!-.
31oi1Wc;1:s•1'1, ~~I i'l'i!.ll '\~·~°'·,,ri!.l 9~~1 '\~·ic.·~·ar

' ' '
fl Rj,<ttl -.j'; ™
3jlJ- WlWT
9~~·~·q~°l·~11
3PT, ~ 3PT, l-j g I'\f(sl 3PT,
3J'l'flq 3fil."
~ ij, '(i o11 3PT, ~ 1<i'41~11c;I:- '341f1<15:,
31ai 1w c; 3fiT om ~ 3fiT 1 '341Ri$1, ~al'll"II. '>lll-JO'i,:,
'>lllJDl~. Fillj;:, Fi~ ~ I
290
Set of seven
,;~ ci, ™ q1R6tc:- 0q1flc/>. i:i'l::;·'\::;·1 l!J''\e::·1 i'\'di"l''\e::·1 a;QJ·

'341ffic/>I, fua-T'JTUT. ~1'101,,
~·'\i::·1 '1j3J'&,3Jl!J'~II
~1'101{), fi'r~ ~ ~ I
Seven types of - followers- ii iFi <'I Rf 'I I $1 : fl <tj) 4 'I f•tl f.'1- i'sl "'1_' 1-
Ordained layman, laywoman "'1"(, ii4xM'j, 'J$,M'j, 'cfB!-
probationary nun, novice monk, "'1"(, so~l'i'<M'j, ~ll{l.11../M'j,
novice nun, fully ordained 4 15,c/> Ix M irfi'r I
monk and fully ordained nun. i.l iFi <'I ctff "ITufT cfi "ff@ '3 q 'IM-
Clf,._.ar1$1'i:i',._.i:ia·!"l·mi.·~a;;i"i·i:i~"i1 ~ "i,' I'< M, i14i!M, '[!!i!M,
ci-A,M, '3tll'1i!M, ~ll.ll.11-ic'i \'f2TI'
'<f"- <i:i'·~"iti'i I 'i·a;t,'l'~"i·ti'i I m::::· 415,c/>lxc'i I
'
<i'·~"i·<i'·i I ~,._.~.~"i·<i'·i I i:i{"i·af·~"i·ti Seven secondary precious

object of a universal
i 1 '\a;~·'\<i'"i ~"i·<i'· i I .fil.!\·<i'·~"i·<i'· monarch- Precious sword,
precious skin, precious house,
i,i{ll precious garment, precious
'ilil><'IRf'll$1: ~ 'IMlf.'t-
garden, precious bedding and
iiiti,c'-1'1, 31~clxc'i'1, t:Rf1,M'1,
precious shoes.
' ' '
m'lfoi'l,1=,M~'l. x"?il, M '1, '~ '114 fa , M '1, 1110:''1"1'&,3J'<l''l~.!\l '\iil''"-'1 '\iil. 'C:'3Jf
' ' '
qRu111.1c/>,f-i im'r I
ii ii> <'I ctff 'I I "11 cfi "ff@ 'wf- '\iil'ol.l"ll '\iil'ol.l"l'3JI '\iil·i:ii"il '\~·
il iti, M, 31~<1../M, t:Rf1xM, i:ii"i·,;1 '\iil·,q·a;i{ll
'lflll"<M, x"?il-ic'-1, fl'114faxc'i \'f2TI'
qRu111.1c/>xc'i I fl<tjf4q: 1;!<;:l'R'I:- fi'r~i;:. ~ -
' ' c-,li!:, ~ I'1 lil~i, \0 Yl'I, ful:-1'11"11 irfi'r I
Precious Wheel, Precious horse, "ff@ 11<1,l'x . ci, 11<S:l'R'I- fi'raJ,
Precious elephant, Precious fi'rTfi, ~1'101( ~1'101?1, '341flc/>,
jewel, Precious queen, Precious '341ffic/>I, ful:-1'11"11 I
general and Precious minister. Seven classes of person- Fully
Clf"-'aflll·i:i,,..·i:ia·!c,i·ml.·~·i:ia·~"i·<fi· ordained monk, fully ordained
nun, novice monk, novice nun,
i:i~a;f "-"l'sl''\"-'I r.i~'ll·t.1·'\"-I f<:' layman, laywoman and
probationary nun.
291
Set of seven
ill]lll'i:i51' '!'""51'<ri:i~'il ..,. ·~111"·'"· chapters must correspond to the

number of subjects, each
£'111·~·! 1 £'111·sic:.:&1·~"l ~·'"·4'11·~·!1 volume must contain a set of
£"111·\..,·£i·~"l"''"'<>l ~ll.·! 1 Jf·af·1·&1· verses, there must be a
consistent number of volumes
~"l"''"'CJ•,r?Ja· !1 Cji!,J''J'&i·~"l ~·q· within a set, there must be
marks to show the end of book,
Cji!,J'?Ja· 'lJC:. ~·~· !1 "'1~"-·&1·"-~~·CJ· ~.'il 111· there must be part or chapter,
~· !1 <1'~·&1·~111"·'"· y..,·rs, ._.~. !;,,-11 consistent margins and there
must be an identifying title on
';!,ffi<bt'<l ~ ~: (311,<lli';- each other.
fqju:)- f.'P-lfi'la~loc(: ~
~loc(5,i;;I, f.'14fi'lat:ifcra ~
1l!ri:il51'CJ'i:i~'\1 ;)1'/'llll.·,:11 1s111·~~1
fcl,l'l5,i;;I, f.'14fi'la~loc(lci: . ~ S"'1'el''lf!11 ~·~ll.·,:11 3i'~·"-111~·~·E!1
qRttlc:5.c:1. f.'111fi'la~c1lil>: ~
~ . f.'111fi'la,-<1,aa: ~ "l~"'CJ'~ I 111c:.·?:ia.'11
~.q fi L"-115,i;; I, f.'14 fi'I d i:-l 'l Ifin: ~ anfau:- c/Jl,11111.-i:, cii:jfi'l-:i:,
~ q:o\fcli:i'ljC:I, f.'14fi'la~~ ~qlctici:, ~11Rg,1:. l-li<;,•1""11111-
~ ~fl qc/J ji;; I ilfi'r I
:f'!'. 'l6lc/Ji~c1:. cro\~tifa I
~ l,l<bl'1 et 311<1>1'1 (31-j,<ll<'; ~ 3l!.h{- cl> Ii:'ll 141, =q=i:jlilfi'I""~.
<ITT r.i 4 'l )- ~ cCr fi L"-11 11
~Jictic1, ~11Rg~ . ..fl<;_•1c'l11111g~.
'{i -uc1 <1 ITT <ITT ~ ctr ~.
'l6lc/Ji~c1 ~ I irit
f.'111 fi'I a cifim <ITT Fc1 i:l 'l ctr ~.
The seven Foe-Destroyers-
f.'111 fi'I a ~cl <ITT qRm c: ctr
Katyayana, Vasumitra, Devot-
~. f.'liifi'la ~<'ilcfil ~ i:-lA:J"i
sava, Sariputra, Maildgalya-
ITT <ITT ~ ctr ~. f.'liifi'la yanaputra, Mahakau~µiila and
~ ~ {l "1"1 <ITT ~ ctr
Pilma.
i:-l L"-11 cCr ~. f.'14 fi'I a i:-l 'l Ifin ~
{l Al "1 <ITT q:oj fc1 i:1 'l ctr ~ TI~ "-"llll'Cl~'\·!·,:ic:.·s·Cj~°'1 "-\1·'6"1"1 i€,·
f.'111 fi'I a ,;r.e;r <ITT ~fl qcl> ctr ~
<!>ITT \ilTITT t I ~1 c:.·t~1 "'1'~"1''"1 ~·~"'11 afo:r~1
The seven codes of translation- \l/'Cj'3,J~111·"'~..,·CJ;s"·~1 r
There must be corresponding
number of words per sentence, ~ f.m"Eltl,411~:- 'i:T'T:,
the number of full stop must II fa 1-1:, 1'fFI:, 31 fcl.:i I, fc1 R1 Fcl,ct1 I,
correspond to the number of fllv:i11f?c:. 1f?c4i:l'l~l~tifa I
sentences, the number of
292
Set of seven
f.ME!ifl,ll ~ ™ y "ll" g R-<J , rl 'i , 'i f.':,N rl 'i , 31 ~ cN rl 'i ,

' ' '
(Y"t"ll"tflf)- '111", Qf21 El, llR, qBfc,=,ri=' "<'lfi, I
""fl~'1=1
31 fc1 £.II, fc1 fil Rl,«11, ii'!ui I1~ ~ "ifllo ,1~-x'M'- tji/J{rl, 'ifil"rl.
1~q,11-1~11 ,--;;~l,M ("~'rl), gR-<J,ri,
The seven things to be 1-1f.':,Nrl, 3J~cNrl ~ x1'11qf21-
abandoned on the path of "<rl' I
cessation- Attachment, anger, The seven precious emblems of
pride, ignorance, indecisive Kingdom- Precious wheel,
mind, wrong view and holding precious jewel, precious queen,
wrong view to be superior. precious elephant, precious
minister, precious horse and
<I.~ "l'~i:;·q~ol\ 'ol\il'CI,~ ~·~i:;·q~ol\! ':!i:;·?i'j
precious general.
5·~:t11 fl~llll ~ol\'"'!l"lJ ~'Ill "~ol\· i·q~ol\! ~ol\·laf111·~·@1 ll,~'ll!l qcl,@1 l
<JJ si:::·t"·i1111!l·:l.l'l!l·.:f11
"""'~1·qcl,·@1 1ol\'"'~ol\''1cl.'@1 l<I"-'
~ cl<l>l-ii·1fl'f.r- ~.£:!:, 3llllr1'1'i,
' ~ ' j\<Ji'l.·@1 i1·<Jcl.'@l J·<1i'l.·@~II
tTT\l:: , Q'11 <'ll ifl j<:G Ic; :, 3F'fl'(,
3114,i,ll't, ~ I ifl «-1 fll Ell lhJ;:- Fc1 q ,:i \ *1 ~ g , warcr-
mcf tl<1>1 ~ 3i1T- ~ . 31m1,:i=a~'1, ~:. '3Y'ill§g:, qR!115§g:, "3"1-
tTTTI, Q '11<'-ll xij<:G Ic;, 3l""'f, 3lm- ''TI'l§j:, 311q-;isfu1gg:, '3~'1§j~i1 I
~ 'ci"m ~<Pt I "ifllo Y<l>R' ~ ITT];- fc1qlJ\ifl§(j.
Seven limbed-topics- Aggre- 3111:'iqgg, '3Y'ill~j, YR!115§j,
gates, sources of perceptions, ~, 311q-;qu1gg ~
sensory spheres, dependent '3~'1~j I
origination, food, noble truth Seven types of cause- Perverted
and Practice of Bodhisattva. cause, sowing cause, leading
~ °" Y.".-:. ''lt'ct~"i!
~•r:q~'""ol\'"''" ,., ;:K: ..,... " ..,... ':)
·1- "-'"l '"-ol\''1 .., I
cause, principle cause, enjoying
cause, drawing cause and cause
~,;,·~-~ol\·?i'·i I "~ol\·..;-~ol\·?i'·i I mc;·<r of grief.
~ol\'<fi 1 iol\'q'~ol\'<l'i 1 ry·~.r111-~ol\'<f -

i·ci.~~'olol\'"ll]'Cl~ol\! oJ""'-9 lll'<lj ":iol\':iol\'<lj
i I 1~111·1?i'ol\·~ol\·?i'·i ·~oil!l·.:f11 ~ol\'11]~'<11 :,toJ'll''-11 ii:;·1,1 ~!!]'<I'll~,
:,ii:;·~oJl!l'~oJl!l'.:fJI
tj i/J "'i 't'
(,1~,rl't), 'ifl"'<1'"j} <!4> cll 4 ~ ffl:- '11 (! "1 I '1 'j
(*14,ltcl 9, fcl 1-111,i 1-1 ;,i 1a-i 't), 'l'ft-
293
Set of seven
<l 1'54 ffi: (<l.ii'i $1 i'i Il.H: fl-1, oI'\), tantra, tantra of realization, dual
c!t i'1 $1 : (c!t i'1 $1 (1 [ 1.l[: c!t i'1 ~ ~ i'i I)' tantra, cohesive tantra, higher
"itft. q,{>U[[, 3!UJ[~[/.1:, -.r'rfur- cohesive tantra and the highest
fi1m~'f1ffi I cohesive tantra.
mTI ~-"l><'!-~TI- wfr i1·a!·a.ia·ci(\~r~'i.a·111a;,oi·ci~a;, l oi ~ ,r
l! Ifilt '-11 c!)l ~ 'IT cfi ""1 .'i
"11'1'11 (l--llq$11'1), '3'1cf,~ c!ii'1$1i'11 filoi I i"oi 1 'i~ ·"~°i I ~"l oi·l"a.ioi I s~·
cf;"T fl-1,01 ci,,.-ir (qR!.Jt!x"2ffi).
~t1\ uia;,·1 °il C1.§a;,·a.i oi· ~a.ioi· ~II
'3 '1 et) c!i i'1 $1 i'i I cf;"T "'Ol[U[ ':),cj'i I'11
(c!i i'1 $1 ), 1tft, ci, {> 011, 3lUITTTl.! 0rn,a---::1t'll ~ ·~
"i'i"W~I =-.....-.-.A-J -
'('ef/"111..,
'-l'N
,J;2"·
.3""0;·,
e....+.
1:.1+'1·,
am"·
'\l'-t·,
Sevenfold quintessential ins- 1•1a•1'4: (a~r•ra•rA:). -.r'rfur:, Tf'.

truction on cause and result-
~ 'i1fcr I
Recognizing all sentient beings
as mothers, being mindful of
their kindness, repaying their
'3 <i1 'd---::1
.t ~
* >¥
~ (Fcl "I '-1 <I t1)
·mo ~ · -
kindness, heartwarming love, ~. Ert, "xtq_ 1' ra• r-4, -.r'rfur, TT
compassion, resolute thought "i'i"W~I
and Bodhimind (enlightened The seven Vajra-topics which
mind). are the subject matters of
Uttaratantra (Mahiiyiina-
~1·~·ci~a;,1 a·t1a·i1·1c:.·1 Uttaratantra)- Buddha,
{"1•·r<,<'\·i11 "l~''r''l<'\·i11 Dharma, Sangha, Buddha
Nature (Essesnce of Buddha-
~·i11 ~"-l'<'.\[".:ia;,·~·i11 hood), enlightenment, the
qualities of perfection and
ai·a;,·al 1·r.i<'\·i1\11
activities of a Buddha.
'H ~ fcl El (1.--:,j '1,- f?b '-11 i'1 "o1 '\,
'",'Cl!j<lj<ll'~'"l°i'"lll]'CI~", f ~ "]' r.i· <lij"] Ol'~ f
'ii 1.1la .--o1 '1,, ~ . ' WI<!-
i'1 "o1 '1 , '-1' I' Ii'1 "o1 '1 , ~'""'"""'
"I !$ I'-11 •~~
Ii'1 "o1 '1 , t oi· ~·t!i ·,;c:.·t1 I \a;,·1a.i·ac:.· ~t1·~·~"'"'
' ' '
31 jm , i'1 "5i ilfff I
mo M<1> 1, .t ~- ffi, 1.11 a .--o1, Qi\<if !Cl<ll'~''I.Sj'Q l ~a;,·~ i!l<ll'!:J&'i'
'iii.1la.--o1, ~. ~. r.i I Cl.~ "l' ~ "oi ·cii 'i. r.i I t1 f cii'\11
'-11 1 Ii'1 "o1, ~"I-i;1~1.1"'1•-1a-.--;1- "i'1"m
31 jm, i'1 "o1 I ~ 'ttaaq1q~~1.-i11.11: 3R1;Tf.r-
The seven classes of tantra- q1q~~1.-i1. 31:J.'11<;'11, ~ -
Action tantra, performance Riml.-Glc;:, fl~r,01•1'1'1'\. >lfuT-
294
Set of seven
ft1 R1 ml <G 1<·: . ~ R, ti:l 1.-J Rl ml <G 1.-: :, clear light illusory body,
q RU 11'1'1 I itfi'r I emanation illusory body and
"ff@ f.'kll q1q~~-q,,(Dflll- wisdom illusory body.
q Iqe~1.-J I, 31j'll<:'1, 1:Rlnci ~-
"'!"l'Cl~~l r:;·~QJf i·i::ill:r:;·~QJCl,a:J''Wir
R1 rr11 <'G I.-; , fc1 ~ Ii! oI' I'1'1 , J;!fuifu-
R1 rr1l <'G I.-; , ~ R, ti:l I'1 fil rn'I <'G I.-; Q1m "1"-'"' ~QJ r r:;· ~QJ'QJ"·::ir:;·r:;· ~QJJ i:..;{·
qR 011'1'11 I
~a:J'!,JQ(<;'~QJ[ a:J~"i'&Jr.,:i:..·~QJ[ ~C:'~'\'
The daily seven limbed confe-
ssional practices- Confession ~a:J·<J1\·r:;· ~QJ r iii'"l' <J1\·r:;· ~QJ· ~a:J.,·~rr
of non-vi1tue, rejoicing in
other's merit, cultivating the fj<rjf.'lef: l{R:- l'JR:, 'ie\1'11.-J:
ultimate Bodhimind taking (31Rl'11.-J:), '11.-Jlf<l'll.-J:, 31R'l'11'1:,
refuge in the Three Jewels, 3!P1'!R:, 0i'1'1H:, P1V11'1H~'i'l I
cultivating the Wishing Bodhi- 'ff@ l,l ct, Ii/ et 31 t:' <Ii Ii/ l'lR,
mind, cultivating the Commit-
ted Bodhimind, and dedicating 'i51'il'1, '1Hlf<1'1H, 31R'l'11'1,
the merits. 3!P1'!R, 0?'1'11'1 C"!:m P1V11'11'1 I
Seven types of pride• Pride,
exalted pride, exaggerated
~ ~
QJil,J'i'a:J[ tP,''\'~'a:J[ "-'\'lljO\lQJ'i'a:J[ pride, egoistic pride, pride of

presumption, modest pride and
ijQJ''J'i·a:Jr ~·~.-;·i·a:J;{fl
perverted pride.
f1<rjf<IEJ: 'lllll<l>lll: '3Y'11'11lllqilll:,
:wr11*1 '11 ll Iqi Ill:, fcl Gi '11 ll Iqi Ill:,
~ "'"1"-'"-~"·i::i·~a:J'r.i·q~°'1 "'1"1 "''J r I""'
31 "1 xl''lcl'i Ill lqil i.J:, W1 Ifcl i/'11 ll l- o1"i·r.i1 fil'\'"11 i::i9·UJc:.-;·i'l'S"'<JJ ~"i·
<-ITTll:, f.1'1\01'1llllqill1:, $11'1'11lll-
qilll~ilR, I arc:.,.~·~"'' <J r UJr:;· '\ 9 ·"1"-·~· ~"'·~9· r.i r
"fITTf Sl<lili/ et 'lllll<lilll- '3Y'11- t.-;·~ '\;(<:J'<J;{l[
'11lllc/>lll, ~-'lllllqilll,
"fql.-j-'11 ll Icl> 1ll, 3RRJ"llcl 'ITlll- fj<rjf.'IQ f.r:fl,(Dl'J ~R,e~l'11,
'
<-ITTll, wm=<-R '11 ll Icl> Ill , f.l ,i j oI ~:, ~i'i'it.llct:, ~'OI~:,
'lllllqilll 1;!cf "$1"R 'lllllc/>lll I w~llqR1_F&i:, ~a~,lltjen,
Seven types of illusory bodies- ~I
Exemplary illusory body, 'ff@ lJ'ct,N et
f.r:flx"I
appearance illusory body, ~R1e~1.-i1. ~ . f1'1qEJ1a.
dream illusory body, illusory ~ '<l f&r. w~ ll q R1_Rct. ·1a ~ I'll tjffi
body of the intermediate state, ~ El l-fct IQ R1 c'l ""f I
295
Set of seven
Seven types of renunciation- ~:, Q$1~~11-El'i, fi•llffi-

'
Confession, acceptance, loose, ~ : , tllcl<fil11~ilfc'I I
relaxation, transformation of 3l~'clif<fil:tl <ill 'ti'@ .-!1<1>1~·-
basis, correct discrimination and ,11'11<1<11'< (~), ~c/l~"I
gaining the dharmatii (reality). ( ~ ) , Fcl$11'1cfi111, tl't-
l(111·~·,;i:;·q~il\''l~il\l CI.\CJQ·,;,;.CJ~ "i1 fcfi"".tl, Q$1~~11-El, fi,j)faq11!11
~ tllcl<fil11 I
",~111·?Sa·,;i;·q~"i1 5Jil,"i'~"i·~·"i;·q~"i I Seven treatises on Pheno-
menology- Jfianavatara (Enter-
Cl.§t;'CJ' aiil\'?ia''"-t;'CJ~"i l ~Q''"-t;'CJ~"i1 ing the wisdom) by Katyayana,
&"i·~·"i;·CJ~"i I a.~<:i'CJQ''"-i; <:i~"\·~11 Prakanu,1a (Thorough Discern-
ment) by Vasumitra, Vijfiana-
ti q-J Fctm '>11 c1 i!-<1"11 c1 =- +l'j c; 11- kaya (Collection of conscious-
= ·
'\'-t"'ll'-t•, = · =
"'11'-t'\'-t"'ll'-t•, =·
1,.'141~1'\'-t"'ll'-t•, ness) by Devotsava, Dharma-
~ : , ~ : , ~-1111- skandha (Dhanna aggregates)
~:, f.'1 "-I fn1 f<l'+l Icl ~ii I by Sariputra, Prajfiaptisastra
™ 'II'~ 'if} "ll<li!-<1'1-Jl<I (Treatise on Imputation) by
,i~c; 11 fcl'lffcj, '+fTcRq'+[jq, c'flf!UT- Maiidgalyayanaputra, Samgiti-
~. ~ . ~ . paryaya (Enumeration
migrators) by Mahakaii~\hila
of
~ ~ f.'l,qfnifcl'lWf I
Seven types of the nature of and Dhatukaya (Collection of
phenomena- Nature of collec- spheres) by Piin;ia.
tion, nature of phenomenon, SJ("i''fil\"''1111·qa·111 il"·~·~·q~"il "l~a.
nature of characteristics, nature
of major elements, nature of ~i;·a.e;"i I "¥]0J'5J",a.·a.e;"i1 ili;· ~i:,·~ I
cause, nature of condition and
~·3i·t"1 ry'~I ~aJ·a.~"il ~·a.~",·a.e;"\·
nature of accomplishment.
&1("\'CJ'!_'CJ~"il ii)·~ lll'OJ'Cl.;i"]'CJ] '"-CJ'l
~ ~-
~''"-Cl. II
3l ~'q if<t>l ;!) '3~Rsldi= ~

S"i'CJI ~5J·~111·~·~1111111 t111·~·::1i;·<f1 C
4cfdl:- ~:, ~:,
"l"i111 111·CJa·CJ ~"i·CJt1111 a.i· CJQ A5J' sii;1111 i'.!lfi;,cfi:, '\j.i;~l'l:,
Fcl f.'1 ct <fi: , f.'1 f<l aci , ~-cl R'i I
faJlll'~'~/''~11
3l ~'cl if <f>l :t I ,¥ '3 ~ Rsf d .=tTII
3l~'clif<fi)ltlfll ~ Cl<f>l:- ll<hr- ~.£:R, ~ . i'.!lfi;,i$,
$11'11cl<il,: ($11.-J~'{~), Qqj'{Ol'j '\j.i;~\'1, 3l~cli$O\, Fclf.ictili ~
( ~ ) . Fcl$11.-Jcfi111:, w\- ~I
296
Set of seven
Seven mountains as described thought and non-conceptual

in Abhidharmako~a- Yugan- wrong perception.
dhara (Yoke holder), Isadhara
(Plough shaft-holder), Khadi- t'~lljll'J'Q~o!il ~ ..·~1 9r:_3J·~1 · ~'!ll"-'~1
raka (Acacia), Sudarsana ~·&19·~·~1 ~5,''J3.'~1 <J'<l&\i'~'~l
(Lovely to behold), Asvakaiva
(Horse-ear), Vinitaka (Perfect ~r:,·~·~i{ll
bow) and Nimidhara (Rim
holder). tJ<tjfclEf u1c1~)a:- c1q\uic111.
'
f% 'l ui o1 'l' • ai en "1 "" ii' . \j cili "1 "" 'l .
'
31(5,·'l!"·~·'!l"-'~"·i:i~.;,I "'fcl"r"3.·{9·i:.q =cp~q-\JJ~c'l~'l. 0i q, "1 cl 'l,
C'\ ' '
=C."""'-''' 'cf I
v~V ~ ,1\v
;)5i'~Z:J'~(!\9'"1 is 3J''i"9"-i'!\9'"1 "'3J'
< ffl<l ll " ci, ufcl"-"ID<f- ~
qil' \JW!, ~ qil' \JW!, '1<fr qil'
C'--
'i"9""<3J'§r:,·,:i"-'!\ 9'"1
c,.-
~5,''J'\'I; 9'"1 \JW!, ~ qil' \JW!, ~ qil' \JW!,
'3,1'R q;r \JWl cfllll c[e-T q;r \JWl I
&1(5,'"-'i'\'~{9'"1 {9·il"·af9·~3J·~11
Seven types of water resources-
tl ltj fclq: 11c'lHH l'JJ I tl :- ~- Rainwater, water from snow,
. "ITT'<l&W!RI:. {i qR1 ll ,'-l&W!RI:' river water, spring water, well-
31j'll'1ll,'-l&W!RI:, ~- water, salty water and water
from the root of trees.
'lffif: ' *'2 R1 c/> C'Y '11 !,I <'ll &WITTl:'
~awm=r:, f.1fclcf>i?Cl-
fi1"111rn,11ai· 'cf I
"ffla ll<l>I, Cf> Y<'ll'IH 3JT'llNl-
~
!'15,'',:j3J'~93J''J\ --
9'1....J .;,·~ "-'9"l9'
'!H f.'i1 !.1,1.l&W!RI. {i qRl ll <'ll&W!RI, ~3Jll'J''J\ "-["-'i:J'i'<I\ "i:ir:,·~r:,·i·<11
31 j'l I'1 ll,i.le,J'l'fffi, ~ .
fl;!Rlc/>i?C1'11\.lfl.le,J'l'fffi, ~- ~3J'",Z:J'i 'CJ\ ~l 'J' { <]3J''\"-' \1(5,'"i{ll
"ITT'<le,J'l'fffi cfllll f.1fclcf>i?Clfi:112lll-
'l i; IfS'll 'fll ~ no II f.'1- ''l i'; c/> cl 'l ,
"ITT'l I ,,fiq c1 H. c/> c~
.!,
fi:l~fl c1
"'
$xPcla:.
'
Seven types of apparent direct

perception ( erroneous direct ~-~ ' ..:,..:,
'iEl~oi1q1i, <lclclli
~
'1fc'r I
(~).
perception)- The deceptive
thought, the conventional 'l I i; I fS'll d I Cf> "ffla 'J;Of- 'i I': cg c.'1 ,
thought, the inferential thought, ,,fiYcll'1,
~ '
c/>c'.~-fl=rl'-,1clc/>)
..:,..:,
<l
the thought resulting from an ~.~.~.
inferential cognition, the recol- 'l81!.1$11cll'1 cfllll <lc'lcll1 I
' '
lecting thought, the speculative The seven qualities of greatness-
To be endowed with: Good
297
Set of seven
family, good physical features, 'i o lxi"'-1 Ix 'i o~. '1 g Ic/J I c'1 '1iowl
having relatives and attendants, ~ '1iolxil\c1'1'16ITT I
wealthy, powerful, having great The seven greatnesses- Great
wisdom and possessing strong objective, great accmnplish-
body. ment, great wisdom, great
i 8i'<rt1~8iI '\£1'11 "1'CJ. i °'·?S1 ! 1:1· CJ. i °'·;:;1 effort, great skill in means, great
perfect accomplishment and
ii:l·~"l'i'i'<J\ l:l{°' 0.~"1 i°'·'1 ~Q"l'"J' great activity.
OR
i!Jfl "1"CJ" i 8i. '1 UJ"'. 'i '11 '!Q" CJ" i-3i.'1 Great Dharma, great cultivated
mind, great aspiration, great
"'~"i'"l "1' i "i 'CJ'~ ·il i:ii ·CJ' i "i"?:id. ~'i' CJ"- ~' resolute mind, great accumula-
i·t1'l:J~8i-~ll tion, great time and great
accomplishment.
UJl:.''il
i"l'fi!J"l·t1~3i1 af"·"1 "'~-~"11 "'~-s~1
l°"I' i ili'i:J\ ~ i!J"l"<J! 'i' i3i'<Jl a:r"l"CJ" i-3i·
a·
~i!J. CJ"--~ i:ii ·s 'i·i!J"UJ"i ·CJ i:ii ;1,i:i "11 ~-~"·
?J1 l:J "li!J" CJ i "i·:r1 ffi'll "1 i "i·'1 ~"1 i "i·
1:1~ '11"1'"- <ifi:ii ~,;·~,;·"~ i:ii 11r ~"i·~ ·o.<ifII)"
'1 ! l:J'CJ' i-3i·i:J·<J~<;·~11
CJ\ '3ii!J"i!JflO." ~i!J"l'~ll
ti~~ti '16f<'cl'I- 3llc'1~'1'l6ITT'l,
'
~M...,fa~qc!-'f«i~'l~6-<fG~'l-,,
'
$11 '1 'l BITT '\. ti ~~El: qlfmcJ;:- cl c; '11 f<f> Ot!:,
cJ~l ll'l g ITT'\ (cJI 1.1 I.;: "l-J l-j g ITT'\), xi ;,11 f<f>"'-1:, xif<f> lxf<f><tT:,
'3 q 11.1 ct,i ~I C'l.1 'l5ITT'l,, xi~ - 3l fc1 $1 fqj '{ii q f<f> "61 , Mfa fi l."'11
'
'1lt1 '1 'l 5 ITT 'l , c/J IR ~ 'l 5 CT<i irfi'r I f.rm:r:, 3l Mfa {i l."'11 f.'1 '{)t[:, aWI
'
qf irfi'r I
<-l'J 'l 6 ITT 'l , RJ rn'I ell Ic; 'l 6 <fG 'l' , ™ Sjipli( ~ qlfmcJ;- ~ -
'
3lfE!jfcl-d 'l B<fG '\. 31U1 I~ 11.1 'l 6ITT '\.
~ . {i $11{-qj "61, _xi;..,-·,:q,=1.;:~.;::q;=<tl,
~ . c/Jlc'1'15ITT'\, m- 3l fc1 $1 fqj '{ijq f<f>"'-1, ~ fa fil."'11 f.'1,ht/,
i, 5 CT<i irfi'r I 3l Mfa fi l."'11 f.'1 ~ltf TI:!TI 311 c/J I~ I I
"ffiTI Sjipli( ~ 'l61'],UJ- The seven faculties of dharma
'1Blc'1~'1. 'lt!l~faqf?n, '151$11'1, spheres- Aggregate of feeling,
'1t!lcJ"J4, i,g)q11.1c/Ji~lc'1, '1BlxiR1c/J
aggregate of discrimination,
' aggregate of compositional
m Tim i,t;1c/J1R~ 1
factor, aggregate of non-
m revelatory form, the analytical
'1 g IRlrn'I ell I c; '1 t!ITT,
cessation, non-analytical cessa-
tion and space.
298
Set of seven
4i·cr~°'·~· · r <1~&1·ai&11 a;·"l '\'l'1r &1 '\""'' ~&1·<1·<1~"il ;illJ'O.£"l'<I\ a.i'""i'CJ I

3J'\';l<l'CJJ '\"l<::2f·~"i·£,:,·<11 ,;,:,·~&1·i>,\ ~ "1' CJ'QijllJ&!'CJ I '\~. <l'"l·i &1' ~ u)·,;,:,·<11
~ '<i~"i'~"l &!'CJ' ~a.J&!'"l';' "1~"l'<l' ll]'\<l'CJ\ '\~ '<I'
~&1·~ &!' '1.i· <I' I K'<~"l' ~ &! .~ilJ'ilJf 'l.'"l'

q~>;'<IO.JI - fl '<1 fcl·.:n 1!,ufl- 'i,"111.
ci ""11.
414~~1'11, 9,"111j'l'lc;'11, "c1"~1'1c11--
~: tt'lP<la: 'll-1<1:-
~. 31f.'lq\011cl 111-il'11,
\:l4 41 '3,<j? Iv1 I: (?!i f.l; "1:), 3Jlm-
'!j,~lc14RDll'l'11 i:l"fi'r I
~ c1 Ilf"'1
-!> 'd: ,cro1\,:5·•1c1--a:
c,.,' ~-
"flTc1' Y"il>R: qft- 1!,ufl- c1 "G '11,
fcl cf> 1111:, 3l jcf>~c'I 0aimo~11j~cl1~si~,"1~'1~1-
'i,"111, 414~~1'11, ~U~lj,'1,1<,.--JI,
C'l ,5·<j? '11:, 1-f~ c1 I5 I, I fo:i c1 c'i1 Ic1
' c. .!, '
-a-ciP Ic1'i <tl" 3,R) ~ IO11, 31 f.'I ii IOI
, ~ . ~ cl:JT'f-
'511'1cf>'<il,~-ilfa I ~ -a-~1'1ai <tl" 111-il-11 -a-m
ct~1c14R 011'l-11
~ "11-1<1 ?!if.&"1. 314R~a
3IT<J "c1"cf>" ~ ~ . q,ut 3T'11 ii Seven branches of practice
f1 '"1 "i , '{-q cf> 111-i;rn ii &11 'cl (seven supreme offerings)-
~. 3l jcf>~c1 c'llffUJT ~ Prostration, making offering,
31 jcl.i "1 '11 ii 3l c'i ilz c1 ~ . ' ~ confession of ones sin, rejoi-
311m i:rx 3lITTrc1" rf 51 cl,'{ ~ cing, requesting to the Tatha-
311m ii ~ ~ -a-m ?!if.l; gatas, making supplication to
ii 311 c/l I~ I <tl° 3ITT ~ cfR I the Tathagatas for not attaining
Human beings endowed with nirval).a and dedication.
seven features 2- They used to
~"l'~"i'C!~"il ~! SJ\ ~·a.i·ul~\ '\~"l'<I!
take birth miraculously, they
live for immeasurable life span, CJJ'':jllj&!\ ~'\''<Sl\ Q>;'~'\''\ll
they possess complete sense
faculties, their bodies radiated u.ri;·~1
with light, they possess o.\"i'fa.J&!'f!'l llj~llj&!'fa.J&!J "1~11]&!'
similitude of the· major and
minor n1arks, they live on the al'\ 'f ilJ&!' I:- w:,
'1j~:. 3'TW:.
means of miracle. ""R"<t>: ' "Q"cl: , fa4si-ii:

' '
~ I
299
Set of seven
cfT seeing, the narrow ground. the

~: ~ C'llil>I:, ground free of desire. the
~:.~1 ground of actualizing deeds and
™ <'IT- ~clcll, '1j1S1.1, 3f'W, the ground of seeing bright
"Rei?, Wf, R1 44>_ 'Zci' 3RWJq I dharma.
m
~ er; 3Ff1' fa tj\-'q c'll""il>,
")3l<•f<lJ t::l"li:\"QJIN "')3JOJ'CJj '\3l" $°"1""1~·
~1:!cf~I
Seven types of world- Worlds of ") 3JOJ. CJ l "l OJ.') 3J OJ" CJ l "k'6ij. 3J t<l" "J 3llN" CJj
six migrators ( Gods, human
beings, demi-gods, hell, hungry
ghosts and animals) and the
- -
'l.'\ '\. CJOJ" ") 3l OJ" CJ" Q ,';OJ. l<l !1
world of the intermediate state. 'fll{lfllq: fll"ll:tl:- ;:;\)c1fclr11~1:.

OR 3lcifcl"ll~I:, clil"lfcl"ll~I:, "'1<1-
The worlds of the five types of fcl"ll~I:, il>I-Jf21'11~1:, <'Jl:jUlfcl"ll~I.
sentient beings pertaining to the i!>l>ifcl"ll~l~-tjf<l I
Desire Realm and the world of "fflcf l,J I ~ <f; fll '1 Pt I "ijftq q;i
gods of the Form Realm and fcl '11 :t I, 3lci <ITT fcl '11 :t I, cf'cf'l q;i
Formless Realm. Rl"ll:tl, ~ (J.1R1$11) <ITT Fclr11~1.
,~·llN'l'lN'l:I~~\ ~llllN'~'lN\ 'l®'\'"la_'INJ q;"I'[ <ITT fcl '11 :t I, <'laTUT <ITT fcl '11 ~ I
\1\?.TT ~ <ITT fcl '11 :t I I
3J"ij'E;'l:la_'INJ !:jCl'<la_'lNJ 'l.~'\'~lll'N''\<;' Seven types of deterioration-
Deterioration of life-force, dete-
!:l"l'J:Ja.'INJ SIN'ti{llllN'<la.' lN 1 '\"l"-''l'
rioration of meaning, deterio-
~3J' <l",'3J"ij'<; 'r:ia." IN:{11 ration of teaching, deterioration
of commitment, deterioration of
"fl1<I" 'SIi q <l>'t.'I 'I:- ~:' action, deterioration of sign and
~:.~:.~:, deterioration of wish.
~:. ~: (<l[cl"-
~ : ) ~#1Fclc;~f ..f~~-tjf<1 I ~·3Ja:;·r:i~~r ~,;·1 c!i'\·3J~1110J1 3J~l!rr
"'41ilif> ~ "ffla ~~i- ~ . tit ll111·ii'l·~1 2.0J·c:i('\I ~~·3·!"1"

~ . ~ . ~. 3Ja(ijJ ~'Q'<l.(oJINJ
~ . ~ (~afcl-
~ ) ~ ~#1FclC::tf"l"F1 I ~~ 'fll{llltcll:- <'ITlJ:, ~:,
The seven grounds of Hearer-
The ground of family, the
q5{tjqOfcp:,
' ffic'lcf>\ ~.' ,.,-,
,Ql':aT.J:,
.,
>'l Ia>i !5~"1 ~:t-tj R1 I
eightth ground, the ground of
300
Set of seven
<I.If <$ ™ ~- c!T<], l'Al'lfcl, sion (Reticence), disgusting,

q-qqD\cfi, Rlc1ci0, ~' '18'[Gf repentance, laziness and doubt.
~
('[m t11<11-1i,ltR I
The Seven Horses of the Sun-
Vii.yu, Monobhava, Paficava- S'\''-1~''\'l"'?f·c:,~"i!) ~ll1·~·'\c:,c:.·2i1 ~-
n:iaka, TilakI, ]3.ca, Sudhvaja
and Ghii.ta Mahidhara. cia.·'\'lc:.·2i1 ".(d.''\'lc:.·2J1 ~a.-'\cic:.·2J1
~'c:,~'~"i,?f·i·c:,~"il ,;,,rfu"'\c:.·1 '-1'1J~·'-I· ';!~'~''\'lC:.'CJ\ cil'\-~''\'lC:.'CJ\ ~iri·~·
'i" I f C:."CJEIC:. '\"" I ii'\"~-'\"'I &\iE<>l'

'i"'I i!,JQl'i!,''\'iJ ~i!,J-~i!,J~-~11 ~ w~f.'l:"1.11fa1 '<'11!).Rf.'i:i:i'\.
'>\) -Q f.'i: 1.1 '!, 11 R1 <l> f.'i: 11 'i (tfTTTf-
;ii~)qxf'11f.'l- '8 ;g' ' I:' "('qcfi
,' K<i), ft1 ~ ~ f.'i: 11 '\, cfi Iqf.'i: 11 'j,
~1<H1c;:, cl{-::11-1,, =<.3=t1=11=1-1. ~11.11.11,
' ' 1-111{~ f.'i: 11 '! (1-11il f.'i: ti), iJ\rit-
q1S,cfil ~ I
'1Rf (lqxf'l- &kPI, ~ . ~lxil'<.
f.'i; 1.1 'j (~ fi1 c1 f.'i: <i) ~ I
,
ci'B, '3 t1 I•i. ~ Il.{ 1.11 Tim q IS,cfi I I ™ w~ ~<Ii- '<'l~Rf.'i:11.
The seven secondary precious '>\) -Q f.'i: 11, ~ I01 f.'i: 11, ft1 ~ ~ f.'i: 11,
jewels (possessions)- Sword, cfi Iqf.'i: 11, 1-111 x~ f.'i: 11 TI1!IT
skin, mansion, garments, 011 Fcl c1 f.'i: <i I
garden, bedding and shoes. The seven sense faculties of
reliance (the seven sense
'q~-~"J·~·riri·r.i·c:,~"ij ~-llj~"l'CIJ cil '\'
faculties that the mind depends
?_~·CJ, ~"'-'-I' ~-ij·c:,, a·c:,, ol·"i, upon)- Eye sense faculty, ear
sense faculty, nose sense
il·l°a.J'CJ~~-~11 faculty, tongue sense faculty,
body sense faculty, mind sense
tl ~ f4El I lJ") t: <Ii ii"l 11- 31xl1G:: I,
faculty and the sense faculty of
FclfliRI:. mf.'n:. lf11'!. ~.
life force.
io'1 t\1 t1 1-1,' fcl fi1 Fcl, <'f1 I ~ I
ffRI YR ~ l'.fTi;-<l>ii"l11- {z:;·r.i·;'\·~&i·r.i·c:,~"il "1iE"i'~ '\'{ z:;·CJ·~ '\ I
31fl1G::, Fcl,.Jj_RI. mf.'n. i=i'R. ~- ..,..,..,-,,:,.. ,:..,y,:..,
'i" ~-qa.·,;c:_·c:,~"i- 'Ii i:;·q· '1'\ I
~;r;'.
s:1\CJ',; i:;·
31c'ff1' om Fcl R1 Fcl, ct1 1 1
The seven conceptions of ~'\I ~-~'\·'-la.·fi:;·<1·~'\I r~-~i!,J~-~'\-
ignorance- Unclear, forget-
fulness, deception, non-expres- i:{\~·.:i'\·'-1· { i:;·CJ-~'\ I \"i''\"1""-l'l<rJ~-
301
Set of seven
~
"J-o"J - ~ -
'W'-' 01 ''1'\''\ ll
~llffil ''i'l<ll-1
'3ctN I ~<!>I ./'1-
01~,iq, 311'1..c;, ~1Hc11,1\ 0q'J«i.
'fll<'J~EJI ~l,..-lJdl- . c'fe-JOl~.--/1<11, ~. ~ <1m <jC:~\'1 I
1-11cH-<11-11 c1 ~.--11 a 1. \I ii Ra ~1.--11a 1 The seven successors of
3l!.1i1Ra~.--11a1. ~ - Buddha-Mahasravaka Kasyapa,
~i"'< <11, 1:R'JTQ:I j 4$11 °1'-H, I ~.--11 a I, Ananda, SanavasT, Upagupta,
Dhidhika, Krsna and Sudarsana.
!)<1~<1,~"'-1<1 I t)f/'[ I
ma \I <1> 1, *t =~1,;=.-ll=a~1- c'!e-J111-
~1.--11 a 1. 'l-llci-1-<11-11c1~.--11a1, !.1i1Ra-
ilf~"'1'~·"1"j'lj"i'"~"i· -· -
( ..,,;·,;-v,,,;:qj'f
. .-
1,;f1"13"f)l "-"J "'1 ':ll'"'1 il\. 'i "iI
~1.--11a1 3l!.1i1Ra~1.--11a1, ~ -
~ . 1:R'JTQ:1\4$11'1 "11:!"1 "'1'~' ill'"i·1 "i l 'Iii"'' <I' <1 ~c::.'-10.·tlf"i'
•H,1~"'-1<11 ~ ijd~ci-l~"'-1<11 I 1'1l ~,;·! "'1'~ 9· 010.·ill'"i'1"i l ~•r,;Q·~·
Seven types of emptiness-
Emptiness of characteristics, ill'"i·1 "i l ~· £, c::. '-10.. ill'"i' 'i "il "i '\·a) ''i' ~~·
emptiness of the nature of "I"i''i"i ~ll
phenomena, emptiness of possi-
bility, emptiness of impossi- ~ ffll];UJT:- '!j,c1'J 0 1, '{iiq'.), 0 1,
bility, emptiness of all pheno- ~. q~cl4'.),ol:, \1$11'J"I-.
mena lacking expression, c;l E1 \':!'\'.!"I:, +-'f.'!"",'""11~1'.),~0~1~-ii I
emptiness of the wisdom of m .t ma 11ur- ~ ~ <ITT
noble beings based on being TT, 3ll<f>ftO~lj ~ c/iT TT,
ultimate and emptiness to one ~ c/iT TT, q~c14 c/iT TT,
another. ].W c/iT TT, ~ c/iT TT TI~
'<17T ~ ~ m
c/iT TT I
Seven qualities of the higher
rebirth- Better family, attract-
tive physical body, good
~"'1! fortune, enough wealth, good
wisdom, longevity and freedom
~ll
from sickness.
~ll~"l 11<lffi ~~ ~
'3 ctN I~ I R 1:-
O lfITTJ\llqcf):
c/il~'1q:,
"q '.),'<1:'
311'1..c;:,
<jC: ~\'1 ~ii R1 I

~-~11'1cllf11,
, cj,&ll:
C '
302
Set of seven
Seven types of thatness-

"1T'Jx[:- i,jcJUlfil'I,:, '1<'.lfil'R:, Thatness of engagement,
"1c'1,il'l'i: ' ~,fll'": ' ~ :' thatness of characteristics,
'1<'1<1°1cixil'":, 'it)fil'"~i1ffi I thatness of perception, suchness
if>l<'li-lsi> 1f '3~l~a ™ of subsistence, thatness of
wrong achieve1nent, thatness of
fl I ' I 'I- <'fcJUT <ITT fl I' ", '!I'.! <ITT
thorough purity and thatness of
fll'l'I ' isle', <ITT fll'I, ' etR"-'11'" '
correct achievement.
~ <ITT fll'I( '1cffll'i <ITT fll'"
~ ~ <ITT ,ii'" I
The seven oceans according to
the Kalacakra tantra- The if,;·~'ii ~aJ<r~'i'J<ii "f"'<l'"-~<lj
salty ocean, the ocean of liquor,
<ljol,;·!:,<I\ '~\~z:.·1 ~:'J!'),<IQ'~ i::i~5i-~11
the ocean of water, the ocean of
milk, the ocean of curd, the 'fl"<1' cf(),ji'ldl:- fc1q~41. ~1'511,
ocean of butter and the ocean of Rt=err ·
l'-i'('-'1"1;,
w et, w «; :
..:i,
cf, '1 cf, uf.'1 :
' ..::, '
honey. =ct,~i~=11~q:, ~ 11 cfl1 'jf.'1 ~i1 ffi I

"ffla ~- "" ~
l'i4~<11, l'/1'511,
"" 0
~·i:i~5i·,'\·~sr•ri:i~5iI "~<lj'Q1,,·~,i::iq5i·~'i I
~ w'!;w «;' cf> '1 cf> 'jf.'1,
aJ'6'5i·~'i·~·~ ·i::iq5i·~'\ I a,aJ·q,;·~<lJ·q1,,·~. cf,1~114 ~ ~llcf11'jf.'1 I
Seven Tathagatas- VipasyI,
<iq5i·~'\I <lJ5i~·q,',:~·<1q5i·~'il af<lJ·q,;·
SikhI, Visvabhu, Krakuc-
!q·q1l,·\<1q5i·~'iI a,aJ'Q"''\<l]'Q1,,·~· chanda, Kanakamuni, Kasyapa
and Sakyamuni.
<iq5i·~'\ I "lZ:.''\<l]'Q"'!i::i·q1,,·~,i::i~5i·~'\'
~5i''\3l'<fi::J~5il olaJ<!>l'~'j\';!"1\ ii:)·~<!,'~'
\11 J'\'';!"11 ~'<l'<lj~~·~·J'\'';!"i\ ~·i::i·
fl '<1 RIEi I cfl!fdl- !.I ~F&ici2:fdl,
<'laru@"2:fdl, Fc1$1R:cid2:fdl, "fif.';J- I
<lj~ ~-"I <!>J'"-'\~''11l.' '\'';!"I I ~ Z:,'i::J'al 'i'
~. fi'ri2lll!.IR14F&id2:fdl,
Fc1 !111% a 2:fdl, xi R-1 ct<rn R1 q Rn a 2:fdl
g
<11l.· '\'';!"I I ~~·~· ~·"I~'"-'\ ~·<11l.· g'i'
~I ';!"I I ~. <i~5i·~<lJ~·<11l.·.:i'·.:i'·,;c::~ ~·~<lJ·
fflcf YR <!>'T cfl!fdl- ~ -
'la,,g'\'';!"l'af\ I
~ . <'laruTcf2:fdl, Fc1$1R:cid2:fdl,
fl f.'.-1 c1 ~Id 2:fdl, fi'ri2ll I!.I ffi 4 f&i d 2:fdl, fl '<1 RIET: q 'I 'i I cl': - Fil cfP fh" :'
Fc1 !111% a 2:fdl ~ fl R-1 ct<rn R1 q F&i- $11'1'1l'<N:, 1~i.11'11Tl,:, ~ -
<12:fdl I i;<ilffiiBl·<Plli-l,:, ~ : ,
303
Set of seven
Wf'J:Rlffe'l"I' ni1,:,' Cl~ IJI a«I

~f11 lc•1' IRP 11 i1, ~ilfi1 I
et
"fflcf 'l"if>l'( q '{'l I~ - furn-
•rl i1,, "111'11-q•<, <f~i,4 11li1{ ~ ~ -
er ~a.J~':)J'Cl'j~·<l'l. \1
'f ~I, 41 f/1 ii, I'f1 I r1 tj <, f.'mim:1-
, ' tl qifqq tl ,4 '1,-31 l{cl Ii;fici19,
•ni1x. Wf'il-llffe'l 011ni1, ~ r, A
c f ~ er; ~,41<"i 1 1fi1•rli1, I 311 c; l'1 cl•H ,4 'j, ,.,: '1< 01*1,49,
The seven ultimate meanings- Sl4<1 l{i,41-j, 3mljRn*1,49.
Object of experience of the 3114\011 *1<'111-j, 3F114\01i ~ 'cl I
mind, object of experience of "fflcf 'l"if>l'( et"tlc'll- 31 l{cl Ic;fk4,
wisdom, object of experience of 311c<~'4cl{i,4, f.r:fi,-Olfi,4, w@T-
the dual views, object of '1N, 3mljRn*1,4, 311m cfi1
experience of the dual trans- '1f4 1;ci' al '4 I4l cnT '1f4 I
views, object of experience Seven types of truth- Truth of
lacking appearance, object of experiencing taste, truth of
experience going beyond the fault, truth of renunciation, truth
ground of son, and object of of reality, truth of aspiration,
experience of the self-awareness truth of noble person and truth
(discriminating awareness) of of ignoble person.
the Tathagata.
{la.·.r~-,;r~°il aJ'"]~\r.Jl aJ~"]~'ql
si:;·ti:;·,;r~°il i>'.1·,i,,_·,,~1 ~~-~~1 i>'.1·
"'~~·r:i1 ~·ci1 "'1~·q1 ~3,J~'<i'i"'.)'€"1~'
U,Jt;,~1 'li'.:i~1 a.Jl\i~·,,~1 a.Jt"r
r.J-.sl 'i'r.J 1 ~a.J~-,;'i·~·oia.J·<>~i I
"1°1~1 '1.SJ'~'i'\11
The seven vajra qualities-
~ ?H."1<1:- ITT:,
Uncuttable, indestructible, true,
9,<'IR-<1:, ~:. -c1A~i-to=:,
solid, stable, completely unobs-
~ ilfc,1
tructible and completely
™ ?It.ft.I ,i i- 'l {) Rl. ITT:. indefeatable (In the context of
9,<'I R-a. ~- mg. cj R-1 to 1;ci' the ground, I. emptiness is
~I uncuttable by the delusions and
Seven ~i-s (Indian ascetics)- obscurations and 2) indestruc-
Mari:ci, Atri, Pulasti, Pulaha, tible by the conceptual obscura"
Kratu, Vasi~\ha and Ailgiras. tion. 3) In the context of the
path, its essence is true, 4) its
q~°i·,;·~ai-cr,;r~°il (·~,;,·r:Ja.'r:J~~·r.Jl ~~
nature is solid and 5) its
'jaJ "1 ~'~-"'~°I 'OJ 1 ~ ~·r.J"' '~,;,'<la.' Cl~ °I' function is stable. 6) In the
304
Set of seven
context of the fruition, it is ::."-''i I §·::.o.· f/ i;·<i I ill"-" i"i·~·"l:i ·r::r·

unattached to the delusions and
obscuration and 7) undefeatable "';,;~.~II
or unobstructed by the concep- ~ '34'101,Q:- ~: c/j0,sc1'i,,
~
tual obscuration). xl'iJ<ff

' c1Ju-,;c1>1
...:, ,, 'i~"I: c1Ju-,;c1>1
...:, ,,
i111·"''!l"·l"~ilfr.rr::,~"il ~-r::,3, i~·r::rt"'ll ~- f3rcl~: ~cffil'ifill, ~ 0,slo/f"!,
~cillc1c/>l"-s:, •101,;.<1~-cl~ I
r::,3,· t ~-r::r tQJ I "i·r::r3.· t~·r::r l!_"'l I "-~ ·r::r3.· "fflf1' "'3"ll-'i fil I 'I i- xT011 "ifiT 'ho;,; c1,
i~·r::r l!_"'l I al· i ~-,.r'\"-'"-!l'\'<i3.· i ~- ',/'ffi <l>T 'ho;,; c1, f f <l>T 'ho;,; c1,
cf\<f 3l'tw x't 'jcffi' "'ifur, ~ o;,; 1 <l>!
"'1?'.'>I I t~·<i·'\i;·!l'>l·r::r3.· i~·r::rt<>1 I ~ . ~ ci1 I61-ct, I o;,; ~ l,Tcl't <l>T
"<';'m I
"-~'\.CJ'"';iQJ.!ll"'.al 'l'\. CJ3.. t ~."' t QJ ·af11
The seven secondary precious
'tl~f4Ei ~:~- 011~<.i,:~, objects- King's ear ring,
01,1«:<£111
~ ,, ~:<£111
""-411<-1'::!, ,, 'i,01«:<£111
~ ,.
queen's earring, a minister's
31mRJ'h4=,~i'>1~4;,-1,~1 ~s·:~, Rl 4 fc14'1, I- earring, the three eyed-jewel, a
~:~, qi\~>11°n R <f> ~:&- '01"""'1 <l>T ~._,~,"'~"il '\'\·<i3.·~"I iaJ-~"1~·~-~"1
~ i!Ef, ~ <l>T ~ iffi. ",/TTf <l>T
~:"@, ~ "ifiT ~:"@, 31Rl401'11 '1" r<F~~·<i3.·~"I ~QJ·,i:i\<i3.·~"1 "€~·
fi1 c1 a1 "ifiT ~ iffi. Rl 4 01 rfl x't 3fc11T CJ3.·~"I ~ifi;·r::r3.·~"I ~~·,;r::r·~·~,;-~11
iR <l>T ~·"@ ~ ~ ~
<l>T 3J <tj ~ 0 I fcnit i:iIT"f ~ 1fr J;[]'t1' ~ EFllf.'1- ~ . ~ .
<I tfR "ifiT ~:i!Ef I ~.~.~.
Seven kinds of suffering- ~.~'E!fur
old age, suffering of sickness,
™ Ef'l- ~ . ffitR, ~ .
3l4"11Q1tR, ~ . ~ ~
suffering of death, suffering of
association with disliked one, ~I
suffering of separation from the Seven wealths- Wealth of faith,
liked one and suffering of not wealth of morality, wealth of
getting what one wishes. shame, wealth of embarrass-
~._·~·a;·r::r~"il ~QJ'<f~'a;I "'{"i'w.\·~·a;1 ment, wealth of hearing, wealth
of generosity and wealth of
fi!i·lf.'l·~·a;1 ~..-~-al~-~~"l'Uil r::,~·
wisdom.
305
Set of sewn
9"i111·z::,"i·<il "i'<l~"il 9i\lll z::.i\·iili\· ~i\·q I ~ f:- <m-:s:~m

fl 'l I f% c1 15 {ff[: . CO!Fj, qffi q"1 ~ '<l <rn
9i\lll'z::.i\·iil i\'"-sz::.· 1 9i\lll'z::.i\·iil i\' ~z::.·~;1 (q'Joncjj{Ol~'dcl~I ), R1,Ric;l'1ci-
')i\'~Q'~'<!]i\lll'Z::.i\'<>li\J ~lll'~Q'~'<!]i\lll ,furr, g c'l ,11-J q *11 Ra·'fil . 'i'<'.'11-
'11 '.l' Ic1 , ;:i;s-fa Icjlll' I: ft11,,tj I~-
Z::.i\'<>li\J {ollll'/l,~9·~·~c:i·qll_·9a;,lll·z::.a;,· '1 l' 1~-t1ffi I
iii i\ I <>1 lll·~·~c:i·qll_· 9"illl·z::.a;,·iil a;,·c:i;,;lll· ~11 <M~ "* mcr l'Pf- qiJ.,;cf> '
i\
;im:r..i, '1 'l I[% a 5fcf. i\ "' c; u.g cn'r
fllrj~Ei ~~-
.:,, 'lf51i;l'd""1'l,
...:,, m , '51 '11. 1fcf;, "ciil' 3,c'q '1RT
'1Ul~'l='c;1"'§_~""1~'l c'l ':!<ii '§. ""1 'i, i\ -..fr'cl ctt 311"{" ;g,cjj I'11, i3 c'l d,c'!l
cf<'1 ~ [[ cl { 0Ii;l 'd~ ""1'l,' ;ill! Icl { 01- q '11 Ra cF>m. 3Dffl "ciil' ciTcjj q;
c/1 '§. ""1 'j, fl 'l I4ITli Icl { 0I<ii '§. ""1 'j, 3l1J 1'lT'T ctt 311"{" UI I'1 iJi ~ c1
c/, 'l lci , oI <ii '§. c'li ilfu I c/, , '11 "ffl!IT ft! ~ tj I "c/,T '3i q en '1T'T
"fl@ "!l'<l>R "*
~~- '!TI- ~ "ffTcj "ciil' ~ fci;-1:rr s3TI TI"'1T t I
c/1 '§. ""1, 'lUlll <ii '?, ""1, c'lt_! The sevenfold posture of
<ii'?, ""1, cf<'1 ~ I l<'H oI "c/,T <ii '?, ""1, Vairocana- Sitting cross-legged
;ii ll I<N OI "c/,T i;I '?, ""1, "fll!T- posture, hands in the gest ,re of
y ITll Iq ~ u I "c/,T c/1 °?,i,-l1 "ffl!IT equipoise, straight back, neck
c/,'lfc1,01 "c/,T zy~ I slightly bent down, shoulders
Seven types of adversity straight like a yoke, eyes fixed
(adverse circumstances)- at the tip of the nose and tongue
Great adversity, moderate touching the upper palate.
adversity, small adversity,
adversity of delusive obscura- ~11·r.i"·~111·r.i"''i"f"-'qa·~&r"""·~9·qz:i~"il
tion, adversity of obstruction to "'·1;9·qll_ ·~"'-q"·1;9·q I ~· af9lll·~· ~&1·
knowledge, adversity of
obstruction to meditative q.,·1;9·q I ~i\·%9·,z::,·c:ill.·~"'·q•;1;'1J·
absorption and adversity of
obstruction of karman.
<J I al ·"'~'I.i 9Ill '"llll'9~ i\..;:~".~·1 z::,·
~11·,z::,·l'111·q~"il >!f'<J'!<>l'?JZ::.'j "l'lj'<J'

oJ~oJ'CJ"j<!] ~"l'<F<!]lll'~Z::,'q<;c:i~z::,·c:i1 1;9·q1 ~ Z::,'oJ~ollll'i._.Qa_'~ol'<J""'1;9·q1
"'ta;,·q·~z::.·~'i·~9·q I 'i":!z::,·q·ll'ff"I' 'I:'"' S]"I' c:ill.· ~ ol' q"·1; 9·<litj j
CJ~:Z::.ll '<JJ .ll9·~·~"'0lQ'<JJ ~'g'"J'"li\' fl<rj~EI! ~fcf,;11-1~,;I~:- Jfflfu-

<>l'J"'"';,:-11 ~ c1 fc1 $1 fq-1:, R1 :11 c/, I, fc1 ,;I r<1 :,
~:. fcr:Te-iqffiqai-
306
Set of seven
a~qRqR'dFc1$1Rn, c11*1.-i1Fc1$1Rn, ~ai· ~- ll]' '!g"-'QI

!.!R'1fi~Fc1$1Rn, 'jRlnFc1$1R<l~i1R1 I
~I ~'\'1'.J°il \°i.! ~"1'9,1 .tii:;·1 {(
fflcf Y<l>l"x ~ ~fcf™ f.'l:,1f<rj-
31'1·fc1~afc1$lftn, Ri~l<l'>li!, i <l''\tl'\'~''\'l"-' ~ 'Q~a:,·;,'11
~' fcli:l~- l.l) 'I c1 ..--;l t'll ~ a@! ~ <Ii I:-
qRqf<l-1 Fc1 $1 Rn, c11*1 '11 Fc1 $1 Rn,
~ : ~ : +rcficl-
\I R1 fi ~ Fc1 $1 Rn "Q"ci 'jRR-1 Fc1 $1 Rn I
::!'-"'1-i,v,11"""1'1""f' t ...:!> ~ I
~:.~:.~:,
The seven mental cognitions
"'1T'llfi'rq-q,:, cl "1 I'ii 11.1 \ fi'I qcti ~'<1 R1 I
which are difficult to under-
l.l) 'I (1..--,;l ~ "ff@ ~ - :!'3'1'-
stand- Mental cognition of
~. ~. '.j,'!!,cl-
ignorance, mixed 1nental
cognition of mental cognition of
~. ~ ' ~ '
"'1T'lTfi'rq-q, Tim ~ I
the spontaneously ans1ng, Sevenfold empowerments of
mental cognition of quickly Yoga-tantra- Empowerment of
arising antidotes than discordant the flower garland, water
factors, mental cognition of empowerment, crown empower-
latency, mental cognition of ment, vajra empowerment, bell
being conceived and mental empowerment, name empower-
cognition of liberation. ment and vajra-master empo-
werment.
~5r')S·z:i~°il ('lfz:i('\'l'.JI "1~·~·;1·'l1
'l'-'Q'~ll'Q~°il &J'"ISJ\ ~'SJJ ~ll]-~1 ~-
S'\'l'.J'tl\ '\ilf~·i'\1 "'§"-'fl"-~I Gl.5l"I'
~~
Q\°11 ll]~ll]~'Q\°11 ~-~~·gf,:;·~'-1 ~"l'
l:l \ ll1°i ~. "1"1"' II
l'.J~II
~ if> Iii if> Iftl I (f.'11-1 <td ll :)- <l>c1i,
c!i1'\, <li ii oIl-l' , '1 A, c; 1'1 l-l,' 31 qIc; 1'1 l-l' , tl '<1 f.'I tl : 31 l''l Itl :- x'i'f"1':, "'!Tlll,
W<r.£:T:, ~~I l-l~Ri:, ~:, !.!R'1Fcl~'j.
fflcf <Ii I'< if> (f.'11-J f.h-1 ll i)- <l>cii, ~ , f.'ll-J\oj ~ I
'
c!il'\, ~. '<1'1,!<;l'i, 31YIC:1'1, "ff@ l,I <Ii I'< ~ 3111-J Itl- x'i'f"1',
W<r.£:1~~1 "'!Tlll, l-l~Ri, ~ . !.!R'1Fcl~,
The seven cases- Nominative 'T.£:fc!-"'f'R Tim f.'ll-l\01 I
cases, accusative case, instru- Seven types of appearance
mental case, dative case, (deceptive appearance)- Like a
ablative case, possessive case dream, like an illusion, like a
and locative case. mirage, like an echo, like a
reflection in a mirror, like a city
307
Set of seven
of smell eaters and like a ~ awft1-11f.l- i-j<;~lf1'1~-

manifestation (hallucination). t[i-jl'[. ':J,"-1f1'1~ilc1t[i-jl'[ -<M-!1'1-
~ .' f11'1xf1'1~m.
''.,'"'"'''"(
~t"'·(l~ol\1 "-~1·CJa·ci.~1·a;r:ii"'r ~\CJ"-. "fll>rc+'R>ccfj={mj,i=f1m'1=ll'cT'fll, 3J ~ 11 cl[!-
' '
"-~1·a;r:ii"'r ffe::-~r i:.·!"lf •r~r:ii·CJr '11 <! fq <! f1 '1 c1 ""11 t[i-jl'[. 'i4f1 '1-
~ ~I
'1/"<:lf i!i·l°i!J"~ll cfT
~ 31:!,'tl<ll:- cf>l•Nl'llj~l<l:, ~ . ~flc1'1, ft:. 31q-;1IQ1'\, Wf'l.
!.1Rlt11j~l<l:. 1-1c1,1•111~1,i:, '11'11:J.- . c1.IT'T:. '!.IW ~ I
":tm:. ~'c;'-1'.1'<1'-I'., 3lfcltllj~l<l:, ™ awfEFr- i-j<;~'<'icfl •;i;[r,
Fc1RiR,m11~1,i~-ilRI 1 '.1'Y~Y~I 'Ric1, xM'<'iY~ ~.
"ffill 3l :!,'t I <l -cf>~l'1-,-p-11-j-~1-1.1. til'ix'<'ic\1 ~ . fll>Rcf>'<'>4~ "Wl<l.
!.!R'IEllj~11.I, 1-lclxl'llj~II.I, '11'11j- 3l ~ 11 cl ll "!Till- fqffi ~ c1 wl I
'
"'tfcf, <i"sll:J.~11.1, 3lfcltllj~lll ~ ~ ~ '<'i4'1$11'1 I
Fc1RIR,m11~11.11 m
The seven delusions (delusions ~. 'Rlc1, ~. GT'l, fr.
which are subtle and multi- 3l q °'11 Q1. <fm '$11'1 I
plying)- Desire within the Seven jewels of the noble
Desire Realm, desire of persons- River-like devotion,
existence, anger, I-pride (ego), flower-like moral discipline,
ignorance, view and indecisive jewel-like generosity, ocean-
mind. like hearing, crystal-like samaya
(commitment), uncheated
t:\"4llf"'1"CJ11.·~,.,(l~ol\1 '\'\.CJ" ~-ri· 'II"!:j11.-~"-. f parents-like shame and sun-like
~"1-~i!J•ral·~r:ii·'l/·!:JII.·~<.. [ !"i·r:ii~,:.·~.._. wisdom.
OR
!:j' 'II"!:!i:l.·~"-. f "€"'1" CJ' !'i!Jl°· 'II"!:!i:l.·~"-. f '\"-l' Devotion, moral discipline,
learning, generosity, shame,
.ir:ii·~<>1·(i:.· '1/'Sa-~<.. f t:$oi·i!J1:,ril·CJ~· embarrassment and wisdom.
<:i·'l/·si:l.·~.._I ~"'"<..CJ"li!J·'l/·si:l.·~.._.,:-ll <:ltl]'Ql',,Ql'(l'(l~ol\1 "-~'\. CJi:\.."-~'\.<!;tl]"'1"i·
"I<:..ol\ 1 (lr:ii·"l·~"l·(l r ~1·CJa·"-~1·a;r:ii"-r ffc;·~r
1\CJf ~"1-~i!J"'f .r.. ·CJr r:ii~i:.·<:ir t: (;'!"If i!J"~tl]"CJ[ '1/'<:lf i!i·li!J·~·Cl9'~'
$~"'1"CJ[ ~<>1·c1J\CJ[ ~"'1·<..c:rrill ~"J"<:l~lf
308
Set of seven
5:1;~:- ~ : cWIT- dharar;iI-string symbolizing the

:FJ<l:. 1-Jcllj~l/1:.~- life-force.
'11.-Jlj'II~:. 31fch11j~l/1:,
sr::.·ti:i·<11~'<>llll'i:i~~l 5;~·q1 .tlll'"-<13AoJ'
1'<',llj~l/1:, fclRJfil,ffilj~lll~'clfa I
"ff@ llif>I~ qi a.._i;~- ~ "'S1l i:it~ "'~Ill! 1111"'·i:i1 ~~-!£"-Ill!
q,j q,]1j-3Jj~ll1, 1-jq~-
~ - 'iHlj~l/1, 31fcltilj~ll1,
i
~ r::.·?, '"'~~ l i:iryr::.· oJlll·wr::.·1"1·s,:,·~i:i-~·
1'<'sllj~ll1 <1"m fclR!fcl,ffilj~l/1 I
Seven types of subconscious
-
'1J~'<>ll!j'~oJlll'lll ff
mind- Subconscious attachment "fl'-0 <nut~- ~ E14 !I Rl 'q 11: '

to the Desire Realm, subcons- (ll"W), <114'1, :f~i'i'j, !lfl~.
c10us attachment within the ~:. \3l'rm irfc'r I
cyclic existence, subconscious ™ <rrvi<T- ~- t14!1Rliil1
anger, subconscious pride, (ll"W), cTtil, ~- !lfl~. ~
subconscious ignorance, sub- ~ \3l'rm I
conscious view and sub- Seven branches of enlight-
conscious doubt. enment- Mindfulness, perfect
~lf'l/l'~lll'<l~~l i{'oJ\ tl !J,SJ'<if discrimination of the dharma
(wisdom), effort, joy, supple-
l!j"J,"-lll'~l!j'~'i.l rr~~l i>J':.j''J' \ii:_·1 ness, · concentration and
equanimity.
l!j"),r::. Ill' ~111· ?i"l.i,Jg~-T11. qi{l l
"fl1o Elci;;clllf.1- 5:tfl'[, "1C'l'1,
Slll'r.r"l·~111·<1!1·1i:ic;·i:i~~1 ~1 ~\<!"' 1
tic:, 1:11,uft'f-::IC1'Jl'j, <:11~C'1'j, ~ lll'1;;!"-lllf ~-(~<>l"!l,l °((<J5"1 ~"llllf
~ - "1lclG~lci t11,uftt[?i
&r::.·1 ~ lll"l!j"i"-'~oJlll'~ll
'i.! I
Elc qi ™ "i;;"clJ- 5;<1", ufc'f, tic, ii I C'1 if> il-JJll : fl 41 !I <fill: a@! ~ if> I:-
 a cJ .i >tR -a-m '1fl c1 G~I a 'cITT"fr- ~:~:er;;!-
' ' '
<f-1 I ~:.~:.~-
The seven objects of a vase- Qqj~tjfa I
Milk, water, vase, dharar;iI- ii I C'l if> "flciTI 31 <1 a ~ a ~ <J@
string attached to a vajra (string "ff@ ~- "lC'l-~
'
made of five coloured thread Tgc-~. Y<';cic!>-~.
and attached to a vajra), mouth c1 ;,i t1 uc: 1 - ~ . c1 ;,i ti a--31fi'rqq,,
ornament, neck 'oth and
309
Set of seven
',flf-~ 3l"'JW- r.Cl. ·a;-"i 1 arg<:. ·111 ·"ii5J · Ill .irg<:.·111 ·<i,11~
~I
!;i'.'<lil~·..r1,
The seven empowerments of
entering like a child- Water ~ ~R; ~r)EI '11 f.l- 3lm1tlR
empowerment, crown empower- ('t:4fllt/'1<MCIU1) t14R1"<1'1'j, ~
ment, ribbon empowerment,
vaJra and bell empowerment,
(~) ~.
c/l!,1,<H-<j ~ 4Rclct'1~.'
vajra practice empowerment, ~
name empowerment and ~ "' "1 "1 "' a"' 4u11 'l '3 c; c1 ct .-i
C. ' '
q)ffi
C
approval empowerment.
3l'RITT'l: R1 m~~ 'l I'1 '\ ftml-
~~ fl 'l ll:, Rirn~~~le-n 'cl I
~·'i·il '\'<la'&Ii°'i'cr~.si·crq~'i l ~111·0.a;-<11·CJ I "tiTo ~1'%"-mEl"'l- 'f.'I '1lt/"'1T et
"<M1l .'i ~ wt "c/j"j R1 'tl '1,
.si ~\ r. I ~ 111· r.·'1'1111 ~.r r. I l ~-'!i' &l ·"c::
cffij cfi "<M1l .'i ~ <Ill ~
'll Q~<1J''ll l!]o.i'<1J'CJ\ CJfCJil'.11 c/, , '11, cg ~ f<l ll q,j "'lT'f cfi "<Ml! tj
ti~f.'lEII 3l'J.ct1~'{.\JIT- qrc;,;1, 4 Rc1 ct .-i "', .-i 1. ~ uf"1 q'; "'11
'!,"1'11, 414<~1'11, 3lj'llc;'11, 3l jt\'l I '11 ""'1 fi ~ c'I q oI "c/,"",/" 3fRlffl
3,Ujqofl. lllti'11, 4R"ll'l'11 ~ I c/, 'F1 I, furn- ~ "c/j"j 'l I'1 c; U,s,
"fflcf YcfiR ~ 3l'J.ct1 ~ '{.ufT- furn-~ "c/j"j -wrzr c'[2:[] fml-

<1 rc;,; 1, 'i,."1'11, 414~~1'11. ~ q,j '34<~1 I
3l j'l'I c; '1, 3ldi q o11, ll Itj '11 cf2:fl The seven points of mind
4Ru11'l'1I I training- Thinking of the
The seven supreme offerings- dharma as the basis at the
Paying homage, making preliminary level, training the
offering, confession of one's sin, mind of enlightenment at the
rejoicing, requesting (to tum the actual stage, transforming
Wheel of Dharma), supplication unfavorable condition into paths
and dedication. to enlightenment, implemen-
ting by synthesizing the
.ff ,;,·~'i'll~'i'oS!j f °'i'O.gy~°\·~·i'~·~i5J~' practices of this life, the
'r"ic.·1 "i(~·111~·sc::~CJ·~-~i5J~·jt:.''ll yardstick of mind training, the
commitments of mind training
~°'i't:.°'i'St:.· ~Q-~'QJi5J'~'<ll"-'<l I a:·111~111· and the precepts of mind
training.
~-~i5J~·ai °'i'S <11' °'i~'<l'.l"'i·r.1 ~-o.~t:.~·
310
Set of seven
'"'-lf!'<l~"il aic::a; ~ii.II i_ o,·'ir;i"l <iii')' lll'')lf!'Ol'<i~"i1 ',1:J'".j''ilf!"'<IJ ~ ·,;·~ ')'"IJ
~"I cl:i'i·'i~'il ~c::·<>rai .2,o,·r;i1 £1·l°,;J i,,\~')'"IJ a.'')·qi<iJ gc::'l'')''J"'<IJ

v ~ v
"l '11''1 "'" 11 oJta.,·)·~""'<l J ~c::·)·~c::·<li{ll
tt '<1 fllm 'I R'l fll £.11 ~!ff'!,, "tl'"'<1' 31 ~4'"('1'1 :- ~ '.iR<1 I, fcl 'l c'I I,
31.-t'll'i'l, qRRB...-i:,11.-i>1, '1'i':- ~. 31RlG-Jct1, '(jS,utlft.
"
i:rfun, ' '
c; ~j 'i I f.'P-1 <1 '\, r.fcle,tRi~fcl,P-t-=ct=iI, 1,>i-s;' I'l I ~ I
fcl~faqf?a:,11...j ~ I
~ ~ -"ll.+~>,-,i-f- ~'.!Ra 1.
Rl'l c'I I, ~. 31Rl&-J,?i,
"flT<1' l,f<f>I~ <tfr ~~-fllE.11(1·-
>«1'.!al, qR RB "i :,11.-i.
31 j'l I'i,
'tls.utlft am 1-~' I'l I 1
The seven impure grounds-
'1'1':lRtffi, c; ~\'i If.1,:i <1, fcl R1 fcl,ffi I Extremely joyous, the stainless,
am Fcl~faqf{a $1 l'i I the luminous, the radiant, the
Seven types of awareness- Direct difficult to overcome, the
perception, inferential cogni- approaching and the gone afar.
tion, subsequent cognition,
correctly assuming conscious- v V 0,
ness (presumption), inattentive ~ ""1 <l el'l'"IJ ~"i'~<lj'<l"l 'l'"i"' ~q·c::·

perception, doubtful! and ~"l'~'<IJ ~',f;'l.''if'i~'i'"IJ "l~"l'l:J'
distorted consciousness.
"l'i<l'"II ga.,·~'11·~1
.,c::·~;..,·!·jt_lf!·s·q~a;r qe,,;·r;i1 J<l'"IJ
~t<l '-11 'i I "tl'"'<1' f.'I cl I~ 01) q 1'11 :-
SJC:.'<11 <l~Ol'"IJ '1JC::'<l\ ~'<IJ fi,;·r;i,{11 isl ~ C: I'i 't, ,elli.l<b't, iJf'1":,
tl '<'1 fll~ -tjl R, <t> ty be. ell 't- 'R:' 4'5c1<t>lt ~ ~c11g<t>1~-
cbiB~I:, ~:. f0i tlcti I, c'l l!J.c<I'\, c; ~I 'i 't, cjj cl tj ~ cl «1 f.1 g;Fcl\-1 '
'-llil'il, "lf$1: ~ I
'.!'<' «I 't, ~I WU1T
"flT<1' l,f <t> I ~ ~ -.f1 R, <t> "W'bc."Ul- ~t<l'-'ll° ~ f.'lcll~"I ~ ~
'341-i- ~ q;T zy,r, ,an-"i.l'<b.
% <t>iB~I. ~ . f0itJctil, c'll!).c<I,
'.l,'<'«I al!TT(ftlq1':!) IWU1T "l'l, ~ 31 i:1 cjj I~ x'\ ~
The seven tangible objects !:'l<li~ tcJ'-31gqi1~ '1il' c;~ll'il,
arising from elements- cf;q'q-tcJ' ct'r f.1 g,Fc/a, ll Ii1 'i I
Smoothness, roughness, cold- am <!"$1 I
ness, hunger, lightness, heavi- The seven methods to stop bad
ness and thirst. dream- Giving of torrna (ritual
cakes), protection wheel,
3II
Set of seven
recitation, being proud by 31 '<l~~l ci·a,1 "-'i!J\ ~I ~I i!J"-1 lf

wearing the six garments,
employing armour-deity, suppli- i, a;c:. ::i.;"·~11
cation and fire-offering. ~ enx: ' a\R: ' ~: '
t11 11-11:-
""'il't_''l~~1 ~"·CJa·ci ~~· Qr"· il>\i!J· ~i!J· ~ . ~ . '*:);. ~ "irfc'r I
~ fil•I,- ffix, ~. ~ . qr;fi,
"-~ai I r.,.9c:.·1· { d\'CJ' a,'\'i!J"~i!J·?." I "EJT, '*:); "\'fm ~ I
Seven types of sea- That of Salt,
'ltl!-l'~ '{d\"CJ'il,'\'i!J'£:."l"'El!!]"'~ 1 ~~·
milk, curd, water, butter, honey
t~q·qf/1 'QJ~'lf/'f:!31/ "] lj d\' a:"l"'El "1"' and wine.
CJJ Cl.Q"l''l"Clry"]'CJJ ~'\'"l~d\'~'l'CJJ "l~'~i!J"'~'!Q'\'CJ>;'ij'll''l~~l "1~'1~ ~

f'\·CJa·£:."l"'CJ'~ I ll.Jf"-llf/'W~q·qf/1' CJ\ ?.(\~c:.·~·oq "{d\ ~'CJ\ ~"·~c:.·~
QJ~'Q~CJ.;l!,J·~11 CJ\ i!JC:.'E"'CJJ 111"''\i!J>;'CJJ ~i!J'CJ"-'S'~'
~ MSJl•Pt11ai--,11fil1- q,i101,nfihfi'1, t/'"Ai!J". ~11
q,i101fc1f.'l"'iFl, "lllllf.1'1. ~ - ~ t1<1fRf1<11~'1:- 'tci'{icJ\fffi-
~:. ~ f f i . fFf11'11'fH cffcft. cfi I"' 114') ll:, '1 gl "'I lx·l<fi ,
ft:rfl,:, cl Ic; "ll Ill "''<1 ~ I iJ4j'k'l:, of§~:. dl!Hlc°l'-l,
"fl@ l,ISJl•l-ltll-el- q,i101c11R1"cfi,
~"irfc'rl
q,i IoIfc1 f.'l "'tll-l, .--111 '-l f.1 '1, ggf.1 '1, "fl@ t1<1fRf1<11G')- 'tcif1ci\rt-Jc11~ 1.
0
~~. f1'fll'11'fl,ffiR, "\'f2<T

cfil"'llq)ll, 'il51~11{ic/l, ~.
clli';"lllll I
of§~. dlla"'li:'.T<-r "\'f2<T ~ -
The seven treatises on Valid cffcft I
Cognition- Commentary on
Seven Miilasarviistiviidi Schools-
Valid Cognition (Pramal_la- Miilasarvastivadin, Kasyapiya,
vartika), Discernment on Valid
Mahisasaka, Dharmagupta,
Cognition (PramaI_1aviniscaya),
Bahusrufiya, Tamrasatiya and
Drop of Reasoning on Valid
Vibhajjyavadin.
Cognition (Nyayabindu), Drop
of Logical Reasoning (Hetu- "1 11"-''<~ilil ~"i!JJ .;i·::i1 al!!]''\i!J"'J
bindu), Analysis of Relationship
~,;·~1 CJ'"C:.l!-l\ ~i!i'CJ/(11
(Sambandhaparik~a), Estab-
lishing another Continuum ~ 'IJi',f:- ~:. tF'l:'11, = ·
TlS'l·,
(Santanantarasidhi) and Science ~t[:, ~i5fl1 ~:. "9Jrn·

".!," .. ,
of Debate (Vadanyaya). "'1f.'l"'t1,"''<1~ I
312
Set of seven
™ lJ"i!"- ~. i:'1~'11, "lf1Tc'!, ~. ~ cfi,'11, 31f.1c1\01-

qgft1fa, Wli" 1;ci "ffl'1 I mfi'a' ~ 111 ii -11 <'!W' q Ru 1111-11 I
The seven planets- Sun, Moon, Seven branches of practice
Mars, Mercury, Venus, Jupiter (seven supreme offerings)-
and Saturn. Prostration, making offering,
confession of one's sin,
11]""'-''l~°'I 9~"'·l "·'I 9~"-. •P'l 9 ~"'. rejoicing, requesting for turning
the Wheel of Dharma, making
£l9''\l!J"-1 zii~a.·~9·t11 :ii~"-"':!"-'~!
supplication for not attaining
'1)~"-'<1' "'~"'1 '1)~"-' ~ <li'<l~J 1 nirvfu;J.a and dedication.
~ ~'11f.'l- ,Fcic11,:, '{i'1<1q1,::, iil'\'"l'S'\'<l''l~°'r l!J<'6°°' ~'\.,.,..,<:1.;f~zii·

1-i•liiicil,:, '.!~=. qgfYfi'lcll,:,
t11:l.·uJ'\""l'S'\'<II 3J"1't/'"1"1'~~·<11 ",<!'~'
'Wf>cll,:, ~1f.1c11,~-t1fa I
™ ~- ,Rlci", *11'1cl". '\Q°i'<JJ '\9"-''l"i'\'<IJ '\~'\'<I) i"-'<1/:l.'
'i'l<:1q1,, '.;~, 1gfl1fi'l<I",
l!J~"-1 i "-'"'a·(!J~a·a.s"'·~·c'(J'\·"l·s '\'
~il><II( ~lf.1<1" I
Seven days- Sunday, Monday, <l~ll
Tuesday, Wednesday, Thurs-
day, Friday, Saturday and fl<tjfc'IQT Jf'1'f<l>I,: (Jt'1ftt<1>1~:)-
Sunday. <'!e-!01~fi'l,iclcfl '1'1{c/,":, ~-
~ cfi'1 '1{<f, ":, ~ I RI clifll'1 '1% ":,
lll°''"l"]''l~<li! ~9·c,.<'5'1,r<:1a:UJ<li'"I!!] l!Ji\ ,Fa fi ~.11gcfi'1'1{<f, 1,:, 'ii '1 j'{j I'11
r.i/:(·UJ<li'"IZ!] Clf19"''<J/:l.'UJ<li'"l9 'i_ "1·~· m:, ~41'1 ' f-1 ti:ll'l-1%1,:, ~111•1- '
f.1 ti:l I 4> iii '1 '1 % " ~ -t1 fa I
tll·..~·<J/:l.'UJ<li""IZ!] l"1'~'"-f"-'"1"<:i("-' 'fl'Rf l1 I ~ ~ If '1 't I ~ (If '1 ft!-
"'"'·"'~"1·<:1/:l.·u.i°'·"lzii ~·~°'."l"'·ti·"''\"'. ~)- <'le-I oI~ fa fi cl c;"I '1'1 % "·
~ . ~1Fciclifll
"'"-'!!]'"l'<l'!!]'\'l'<J/:l."UJ<!i'"IZ!] '\~ '<I{9"'' 'i '1 % I( , fa fi ,;i i$ cfi '1 '1 {cl, ",
<1"1<1 i'{i 1'11 '{-<!'> Ix, ~ till I f-1 ti:l l'l'1-
a~·~·"'f<:1/:l.·u.i°'·"lzii·~1
m <'fW' ~ 41 ' I f-1 ti:l I 4> iii 'l '1 % 1, I
flltjl•l'{_\ill- <l"G'11, '["1'11, Seven types of mental contem-
q1q~~l'1I, 31j>nC:'11, "l4iiil>- plation- Mental engagement in
~<ld'1111 ~. 31 f-1 c1 Iu11..f individual knowledge in the
llli:'1'11, qR011'1'1I ~ I character, mental engage-men!
1{.u!T ~ lf@ 31'"1'- ~<ld'1
engagement of thorough
isolation, mental engagement of
313
Set of seven
withdrawal or JOY, mental ™ qcfa-- <1~"11"1, ~. ~.

engagement of analysis, mental 'lfillc/>,, ~ . ~ftr11fa "([ci ~ I
engagement of final training
Seven Mountains- Nliabha.
and mental engagement that is
the fruit of final training. Mandra, Nisada, Mai~ikara.
Droi;ia, Snadri and Va_jra.
~"l·cia.· t"1·2J·q~il\1 "<:J';j'~<:J·<1 I 1,:i·~.~
~ ~ ~
l'!]~SJ'CI! <:J('sj·,,) '"I! ~ii\'~ ii\'']·,,)·,,,!
UJ ,:,o,· ~·a.~"-'<:J I <1"'"<:J'UJ ,:,o,·~·a.~"'<:Ji
'!]~'!]"'OJ'!]"! \,;·~9 \lol'!]0,'!,1;{11
c,f,:,o,· f1·~·<:J~ '<:J'c1i'<:.o,·~·a,~>;'<:JJ 'j<:J<:.'
"ff'<f fcl i'.11 ~ I ul 1:- xjR-l f.l; . .frfc;r .
<i'·c1f,:,o,· ~·a.~ "-'CJ I a;·c1f,:,o,·~·a.~,;·<:1;{11 c1G1Fcl,~c/,:, ,c'1Fcl,~c/,:, ~.
"ff'<f qRi,101,i:- '<'144Ri:lct'1'\. i:l "1 f<l -=s,:, cl "1 C'I ~ <'1 ~il I
~ C'I q R<l ct'1'\. qf/1 q Ri:lct'1 't, ™ fcl i'.11 ~ I ul I <jR-J f.l;, >i'lfu.
!.! $11 q R<l ct'1 'l, t1 '1{{"-'J q Ri:!ct'1 'l, i:l (jj Fcl, ~ cf>. 'c'1 Fcl, ~ cf>. ~.
' "'
Ri:l~ct;-'1.....;>-i. ~ : q R c1 ct.-i ~ I
,,-<llf.;;;...,,....,i~q14
'
i:l "1 Rl -=s; crm c1 G1 C'I ~ <'1 1
™ 4 Ri; If111 <1 f- '"" i:li"T Seven lords of knowledge-
4Ri:lct'1, ofC'I' i:li"T 4Ri:lct'1, ~
Susiddhi, Maiili, Vajrakilika,
i:li"T q R i:l ct '1, ~ i:li"T q R i:l ct '1, q..,
Ratnakilika, Suriipa. Vajra-
~ l:r[Qj ~ i:li"T q R i:l ct '1, ll f.;;; 1.1
bindu and Vajralalita.
i:li"T q R c1 ct'1 crm ~ i:li"T
4Ri:lct'1 I ~il\·iil\·1·q~il\l '11~"'1 '\~"II ti~~I ~'ll
Seven types of complete dete-
rioration- Completely change ~·~,:,·2J1 ~"11 ~·~9''\aJ,;·<i;{11
of retention formula, completely
"l<:.'ii\1
change of power, change of
mindfulness, changes of wis- ~f~'l1''\SJ"-'<J! rFlil\:i'~'"II ti~~I aJ9'\I
dom, change of enjoyment into
happiness, change of sense ~·t"l'"laJJ ~·~Ill §'::o;{ll
faculty and change of life span. tl q-J fcl Er ~ <"'l'l - {cl oj 'l , , "1 <1 'l,
' ' '
~·q~il\1 ~\~ii\! aJ~>;, ~·p:'\1 \"-',ill.' ~:. =c/,coi'J;c=r1='1·:, ~ : . ffl:,
cfl f% <'1 ~Rl-<'1 c/> ~-it fi1 I
;{'\·~"I fiBI <:1~"1·~1 \l;{II cfT
"ff'<f qcfc11:- .-flC'll"f:, ~:. ~ : . C'll f%r1~Rl-<'1 c/,:, ~ r<;; <1"1<1 :, ~ : .
'lfillc/>x:. ~:. ~ftr11fa. cl'J1~i1fi1 I 1:f"il. 1,~xc/>'j. 'Ji:ltl:, !.li:llC'l~i1fi1 I
314
Set of seven
"ffia J.l<l>lx ~ ~ - "flT'n, ~. ~"l'S'<:!~<>il ( ,W<''W"-i'X:lf/"S"&JJff)

~- c/iclia'i. ~ c5J"'q nm
c1Tc'f "jifITT I "-E,<J'CJI !Q'CJI 'l:JC:''ll <:J'.ijl!l'CJI UJC:''ll
c1Tc'f
m
j fcR-1 <'b, li ">< ..\'1 "1, ~ ,
~
i·<:11 --
\\!"l''<"- II
'l""il, tm.
"jifITT nm ,t,Tr (q q I o1) 1 ~ "f'1 tic ell I f.l (~ 1-fl Rf <l>-
Sevenfold precious object- Gold, "fY tic &II f.'I )- 1fi:, <'b cfi ~ I'1,. ~:,
silver, lapis lazuli, crystal, Rsitl<'f!l, "19,«l't, '.),'Q«l't, ~
agate, rubies and cornelian. (fq q 1'1.-j,) I
OR
Ruby, sapphire, lapis-lazuli, ™ w~ (™ 1-f!Rr<1>
emerald, diamond, pearl and "fY~)- 1R, <'bcfi~I. ~ .
coral. Rsi>1<'f!1, o19.«i. '.),'()«! nm ~
(fq q I'1.-j,) I
~i>j'ii>j''i!''l~i>jf o_rf,;·ilf~i>j'CJ'il ~,;·~· The seven tangible objects
~<>i·ci·i I <:1~<>j.g;:~<>i·?:i'i I i<>i·ci·~<>i·ci· (Seven tangible objects arising
from elements)- Smoothness,
iI llJc:·ci·<:<>j·ci·i I !j'3Jii:rr~"i·ci·i I roughness, coldness, hunger,
lightness, heaviness and thirst.
')"1'1J''\ci<>i·<:<>i·?:i' i 'Qill!l' ~I I
"l&l'<:!~i>j'!'"&f'l'Q~"il a;°')'51\'l0.'~i!,J''ll
~ ,....i1f.'I
('ilil><IRf,i,.i: ~ -
>!Mlf.'1)- clsct>"<M'j. 'ifill,rl'i,. 3J~o_· '11 ~ l!l' 'f. i!,J·o_~ l!l''lo.. ~ i!,J' q I ~·ll·11·
f:l1,rl't (>ii~>irl'i,). q[Qo11<1<'b-
',Q,' ~<J''<I 3J 'i:ri')'"-~'\''l'51 ')''-IQ,' ~i!,J''ll
~,, i$ffa,rll-l,' 31~cl,rll-l,'
,:.., v' ,:.., :-.. ,:..,
f1.-J1qfc'i,ff.-i ~ I ~ 3J' <1,;.3J.!\ i:ri· '-1"-. ~ 3J' q I '11 "\ Ql ''.'.\"'' '\' ""'.
"1Tcf ~ ('ii ii> q d'f xTulT ~ ™ ~i!,J' <1 J ~i:ri l!l' CJ'al '\ 'CJQ. '~i!,J' <1:{11
~ ) - 'ilffi,rl, 1-1fu1<rl, *41,rl
(>ii~>irl), q[Qo11<1<'b,rl, ioffa,rl. 1lPf'fl ,11 t'll ~ i q 1-[. i, 111 "<'1 I21 fu I<'b-
Seven precious objects (The

'1.-<1 '" q 1-1.' -=~
~, c. <'b' f> q1-1.' m -
~1-1m-~\~,-c1=f>~q='t,
'1.-<1
+-'~*Fc!""<'b~C'4~,~-q~fj~q='t,
seven precious objects of the 31 ITT oI«l f> q1-1, <11 >ii ' 1'-cl f> 4 ~ I
universal king)- Precious '
wheel, precious jewel, precious
llPf~ ~ ™tq<{qq
(311<1>1,)- 31q1-1101 «lf>4, c;t
queen, precious minister,
precious elephant, precious ~ "ft 311 21 fu Ic/i «l f> q, 3Jll:~
horse and precious general. ,-cl"' q. 31 q' 11-1 ~1 «l f> q. 31 Fc1 cf> C'4
315
Set of seven
fq "'q. JRTlT ifilllt'll ~ 1JGTIITT:- ~nfil1~~

I
f<1i(i,q '11'1'1, ~:. ~~. 'Fi"11. "ffl:
'
The seven aspect of the noble ('cfTTI). ~: ~I
truth of path- Immeasurable :tl.ft, q} ™
1JGTl1l- ""'· i:ml,
aspect, aspect of not being ~. ~~. 'iwll, ffi ( ~ 11<i
mingled with the two extremes, ""1) "t!211 "1<'! I
non-differentiable aspect, aspect The seven elements of the body-
of holding to be superior, non- Blood, flesh, fat, bone. marrow,
conceptual aspect, aspect of semen and blood, and liquid
inconceivability and aspect of substances.
non-attachment.
a'i'r_~·,a·~°'i·a;~·ci~"il 3) '\'"1·ia.i·,;l,il:!~I
~~·c;"1·~·$)·1Jil·1:rci~"il ~"l·IIJ, j't/1 a.i·
t°'i·'"t \·-9<>11 "i~·~°'il ..i·..f\t s~·
S"i't/",'.;i"i't/1 OJ")'ll)ulaJI t°'il ,1·a.i1
illJlCll C',")'~"I·~ ·ci~°\·~11
")~CJI "jCJ•·r")~CJ'CJll -
'!-l RJ) •Iq, 1'l ~ ~ 3111{tl oII f.1-
~ q, I ~ q, ' ~ '
QIOI I fa tl Itl:. 3l1;tt111;1'i•i, q)]+[- l,R: l!rn?: 31~: -~~i'l~i/J~~.'
' ~--:.:, ..... , '
~:. 'tQlcllc;:, ~~..-11"[, 41c;4Ri:!lci'li~ilfa I
41~<>11'1, ~ ~ I '!-l RJ) •1ifi I 'l q} ™3TJ'IIfP'T-
™ ~11.ftRifi ~ <11Rlifi :;1'4-'JtB" "i'liT 3l c1 i'ji I', <g U,s iii,
~":tlt'I- ~1011fat11a (muft clf1"
l,R, ~. 31UJ,R', '<lf-s tll!IT
i,«1l i'li, 'i I), 3l c; tt1 Ic; I'i ( ~
WI
i'lix'il). i'lil'lfi:IU11i11~. itQ1c11c; Seven Ornaments · of the
(~ <11<'1'41), ~ (~ Enjoyment Body- Ornament
i'li, 'i I), 4 I~ <>11 (ifi cl), cf'cr'i' "i'liT made of bunch of flower, erring,
Q'-1)•1 <!>,'ii) "('!211 ~ necklace, crown, half-size
( ~ <Im i'lix'il) I necklace, bracelet and foot-ring.
Sevenfold non-virtues of body
and speech- Killing, stealing, ~r_·;·~ar<i~°'J'!·~"l~'tJJ ~c;·~.,;c;·~·UJ~·
sexual misconduct, telling lies, "!"]'"!~· "1 "1°'1.£1 "i l I"1"1"i. £1 °\·a.i·cll"i·~. ~·
slander, harsh speech and idle
gossip. UJc;·a.i·cll°'JI 1UJ°'J'"l "J '"I'ii1·UJ°'i '"111]''\~·
~~·~·ac;~·ci~"it f-1"1 ->11 £-<>11 ~~·t11 ~,;·il1t Ia.~~. ;s'a.i· a.i· ell °'1'1Sci~·§l~·~·
CJ~"i'~ll
316
Set of seven
ant11Ra1: ~ 11~=- tj/.1\Qfaqf<n·'J1"1:, ~:.

=f<!=1.s=·.,.,,~"RT:
' =2Tcfi:
~, l ' ,2:1: , «11.s·~'R:[:
' f.'111 dtjll\"iPi:, f.'1 '<l I' 1'1'11fr1 ~tj I
;,J1)_~:. '1 3Fs;'ll.;c!d:, 3f'T ~oi1rnf«i>=
™ "lf'llli- ~ . ~ -
,~:. 31 ?.·' 11 f.'1 '11 f«i x:1l, ~-
crr,i=a=g1t=1""='8l
'
'11 f«1 x2:!:, ~
' ~ . ~ . <mf-
~ . ~ . f-1,ia-
3llclJ"R: '11 f«1 ,~ ~'<1 fa I
-.~ q-'( -ma -i,J;flttllli-
3111'.!IRa ~ ~ f.'1 '<l I' 1'1 'i"iPi I
The seven Hearer-grounds- The
'~ ~ "1'! "ft ~ 3flTI
~ 'l:~ "'1tt t. 3flTI "ft 3T'l:~ ground of family, the ground
'!fr "'1tt t 3flTI "ft <Jctd" -41 t preoccupied with faith, the
( ~ : 3flTI n <Jctd" -41 %). WT ground preoccupied with
11' ~2:1 "'1tt t WT mT4 "'1tt t resolute intention, the ground
3frit cnT ~ "fi'J6 l!r5I x2:! "'1tt preoccupied with the perfor-
t cf:m ,~ cnT 311cf51, ,~ "'1tt t I mance of conducts, definite
The sevenfold analysis on ground, the ground of definite
emptiness based on a chariot-
conducts and the ground of
The chariot is inherently not
different from its parts, the going to the end.
chariot is inherently not non- "''~"l'<l~"il 1:1.~"i'i!Jr.\·i!J<l"I J 9c1:f·.i '\ I
different from its parts, the
chariot does not inherently 9c1:f·.i'\·~"i·2i1 ~I 9-i"-1 "lt:'~"'1
possess its parts, the chariot is
not inherently that which is
~"l'Q'CJ~ ... ·~11
depended upon, the parts are not til{lfcll'.I. q1a1<.>1'l- t1,ofta<.>1'1,
inherent on the chariot, the ' '
3fi'R'!:
'
'1 i5 Iii <.'1: ' 3T(tf: ' cfi 151' ii '1:,
chariot is not inherently a mere er: , '1, cf5 ~ '<1 fa I
ntl·"',l,,.,,.1
collection of its parts and the
"tl"Td" i;f<!>R ~ 4 Id I <.'1- t1 , oft rl <.'1,
chariot is inherently existent.
3fiTc'!, '1 to Itj <.'1, 3lTtf, cfi Iii '1,
. "
f! "11 cl cf:m '1'<cf5 I
Seven subterrestial worlds-
~9·<i..,i!J''\9'"1/.\·.., 1 g'\'"1-~<i·<1/.\·..,1 Bottom of the earth,
~ ...·<11\·..,1 g'\·<1·?,..,·<11\·..,1 i!J~·.:~9· Unwavering, Great Wavering,
Water, Gold, Reviving and Hell.
q,;·1:1.gf·<ir.\· ... ~11
41C:"''t"'''\"ll:l.'<l''l~"i'"i"'~''l~.3\'"lil"l"''"
-«'<'f 'SI I <l cjj"t,lf ll :- ~ : , .:mtr- 1:1~"11 ..,c:..,-~..,·~ilJ·"l,i"l"'I 9~·•1rif,;·
'.!fila tj 11 \"iPi:, ~:.
317
Set of seven
~I ~;;Jl!J' i!'\a!CJ ! "'CJ'"-!\111 111ii:l"· "'ij'\'<l''"-"l'!J'CJ~"ll '\~ ~ e::·•roJ·111~oi I

-
~CJj "-'\'~e::·1 ~:l!'~''l"-11 - '\~ ·~"l·•roJ·111 ~ l!J I '\~ 'CJ~ .Ji'<il oJ 9~oi1
~ ~;i.r: ( ~ ~ = ) - '\~ ·i CJ'oJ'CJ ;s~.rof11
fclq~4). ~l&l, Fcl~cl"f;, ificgiU.-i;;:,
~ 111 Rl•ih:-tti<l,•1) -.,11fil1- P11lj-
cf>'icf>jPl:, cf>l~'-14:, ~llcflljPi~'il I
;::icR:, P11tl"~ti,n:. '>ll'i"l,,ic1,:.
™ cf'R ~~ (™ ol!WIB)-
'>ll'1ciJ-1'1tic1,:, '341{1cf>ticl,:, w:rr-
Fcl 4 ~ ~·1, ~ Iml, fcl ~ ,p,I< ifi cf>~ iU ;.,:; '
Ricf>1tic1,:, Mllili1°11tic1,~t1R'l 1
cf>'icf>jPl. cf>l~'-14 cl~ ~llcflljPJ I
'tlTcl YIRl'l)lff ~ 'lnf-
Seyen heroic Buddhas- VipasyI,
P11tlti cl,, P11tl"~ti cl,, '>l I'i JJ, tic!{
SikhI, Visvabhii, Krakucchanda,
Kanakamuni, Kasyapa and '>l I'i JJ -11 ti cl ( '3 4 I'ii cf>ti cl,
'
Sakyamuni. '341Ricf>lticl, TI~ Mlli'il"ll'{icl, I
Seven classes of individual
l!:l'\'il·ib:i~"l l 1:i'll1l!J"l' tC:'j oJioJ'!J'~J':l' liberation vows- They are of
~I - ~- ,,.
'J'"l "'. ,,."·~"I I C:.Ji'llloJ' ~"l'CJ';;J"'ll1'
fully ordained monk vows, fully
ordained nun vows, novice
'\::!e::l!J 1 !I·~"'·i °i·oJt111 "-F"'.!!1a·'\CJe::· monk vows, novice nun vows,
layman vows, laywoman vows
cf1 111#: iil 111 l!J. ~CJA;;Jl!J' .f11 and probationary nun vows.
~ Y~,i:icllcfdll:- <IT-~-"fr-s. i'\'<l'CJ~"ll '\~"l'CJi.\'~'\''lj ~'\'"-~·~~·
"'- ' .,._,,., t '-
I ts>'1-~l lcfll\l'l'f:, 4 I' n, q~l'il'i:, .":'. ..... "' ..... ..... "'"'
~-s-="1=cci~'i-' ll cCl cl I-Ul'T-'£1"-s', 'lT- 'JI o.J'';i")l!J'J''!:l'\''ll ~"-''!:l'\''ll ;;JO,'
R'i D"1-Ul'T: ' i'111'1-='-c1;s41

':!,~ ' ~'\''ll "ll!J'~'~'\''ll ~'\''l'CJ'\'oJ~fl
<l',s'---c:i~,1~1-~~~il.,,.,R'l"'-1
~
™ g~~ cllf.h-1- <IT-~-"fr-s. 'lqf:- "Ncf>11q: ~:
"'-
1ts>'1-~11cfll11'lf. '
q1•n, '~
.,...,,.~
q~J'il'i. itri:rcr. ~:. ~ . c/>4'14:
=;g~-'i~ci~'i-' ll cCl cl I-Ul'T-'£1"-s', 'lT- ~I
R'i D"1-Ul'T, i'111'1-~-c1-s·q) 'tlTcl 'Jfq- "Ncf>11q, ~.
~ <l'5'-&l•I§~ I ~.. ~ . ~ . 'cf>11'llq

The seven scholastic persons-
Bha-Selnang, Chhim-Sakya- Seven realms of existence- Hell
prabha, Pagor-V:l.irochana, realm, animal realm, realm of
Ngenlam-Gyalwa-Chhog-Yang, hungry ghost, god realm, human
Ma-Rinchen-Chhog, Khon-Lui- realm, action-realm and
Wangpo and Tsang-Legdrub. intermediate realm.
318
Set of seven
Q''\ 3i'l:1~3il tl~3i'"J3il!<l' ' tl''\'-l"il Seven golden mountains-

Yugan-dhara (Yoke holder),
'\~·t1~3i·~·ti:i·'\CJ3ij '\~·~,,r~·li:i· Isadhara (Plough shaft-holder),
'\CJ"i1 "fl!<l~· ~ ·i 3i'<l':l: l i:i· '\CJ3i I "ll!<l'S \ Khadi-raka (Acacia), Sudarsana
(Lovely to behold), Asvakari;ia
r.JQ,·l i:i·'\CJ3i I i "1'r.JQ,·l i:i·'\CJ3i I "l"il!,J'~ (Horse-ear), Vinitaka (Perfect
bow) and Nimidhara (Rim
lCJ''\CJ3i'~ll holder).
;iitrjfi'lm: 311i11llf:- 0qc11tJ1i114:.
"l~{~·z:i~"il ~'"J3il!<l'~·"1~g~·1 i>J~3i'
'3 q Ifl cbl q Iff! cblSSil 14~il. '>11 '1 "l x1-
'-W\, msj~llflcblill4, colfi'lcbl- r.J1l.·"1.f·g"~ I i:i~r~l!,J-~ "1 01·g~·1 "1~'\
'-WI:, q1a1i114:, q)a1i114~il 1
r.J CJ:{"1' <,JQ,. "1 01 g°~ I '\S3i. CJ i OJ' r.JQ,. "1 01'
ffl<f Y<!>R c6 3llillll'- 0q<11f1-
3!T'i'!T'4, '3 q Ifl cb 1:/ci '3 q Iff! cb I
3llill4, ~1>10'1, 3ilill4, 'ltu
- -- -- -
11~·1 "]l!<l ·11~·t1~'tl"j"' '<ll "]l!<l ·11 ~·i:i;s·~·
<,Ji,,'11
0q~~f1 3ilil14, colfi'lco 3llil14,
q1a1i114 Tim l{)a1i114 1 ;iJ!rjfi'IEj ~- 'W[~:
' '
Seven types of master- Master of 31 jc!jpl 'll "l'cf:, Ii' I "1 Yl "l\cl:, 3'1T'1<;1-
one day vow holder, master of f.'i R ci; ~ - 'WI~.
who gives secret teachings, 3ij~"1 q) "l'cf, tj' I "1 'll "l\cl, 3'1T'1<;[-
master who gives ritual
f.'i <I Ix uIq1 "l\cl, ~ c; f.'i c1 ~ I'1 'll "l'cf,
guidance, master who gives
ii g.~ ~ I Gl1'ltf Tim q 5! ii c; ~ I Gl1'ltf I
reading instruction and residen-
tial master. Seven types of confession and
restoration ceremony- Confe-
"1~:,;,,·t·~·z:i~"i1 "1 ~"'·~~·"'~"iI "J!1"1' ssion and restoration ceremony
of calm abiding, confession and
iSJ'\"-'"-~"il ~~-~~·;s"il ~·"i·i"l ry'~I
restoration ceremony of agree-
~i>J'C\~'\1 ";!'~'\'"-~"i·~·~i,,'11 ment, confession and restoration
ceremony of auspice, confes-
~ ~ 4<1tlf:- ~ : .
sion and restoration ceremony
~:. i!s!R,co:. 'tlc;~\ ..-i:.
of reversing harm, confession
31 ~<I coo\:, Fc1 f.'i t1 co , f.'i fi'l CtJ, ~-cl fa I
and restoration ceremony of
fflcf ~-lfc@- ~ . fumx. reconciling the schism, the
"1 fl;, cb, xji; ~1'1, 31 ~cl c/, ol, fourteenth confession and
Fcl f.'ia co Tim ~ 1
restoration ceremony and the
319
Set of seven
fifteenth confession and mind generation, vajra-like

restoration ceremony. mind generation. the Mt. Meru-
~9·1:1~&r'illJ'<la.·il1111i.rr:ia1·r:i~"il "l~"-''1/" like mind generation, the
medicine-like mind genera-tion
!ia_.iil "l•.rr:ia'\ I ~,y i"i·~z::.·"l"i"l''l/'!ia.· and the spiritual friend-like
.:i <ll"l. c:i a'\ i ~·.qaf· 'I/.!ia...:i "l"l 'c:ia '\ i ~- mind generation.
t 'I/·!ia.·iil &1"l· c:ia'\ I ~- ~Q,J· '1/·!ia.· iil &l"l. 11'1'~·<1r9a.·~&r<l"s'"l'i"l'<l'<l~"il (<fr ?_,r
c:ia '\ I ~"i· '1/"!ia.· iil&1"l·c:ia '\ I '\~ ·c:ia.· i""l "'~"l·tf, 'l/"<11 {&1''-ll Y\~I
~ "l'"l ~"i. 'I/'!ia. ..:i &I "l 'c:i a'\. c:J~"l· ~, , <'.\!l"l'!i:{11
tl'<'I f<lEI I: 3lEll I ~Ill ~f.i. Rlro)- ~ 31:!ll) •I cll<lt11-I I4'11 f.'t- 3lcl:
ttl I <'; I:- 'H5 If.'1 rt! f1 'i fi1 ct11 <ll Ic; :. ( ~ ), f1 '(i fcR-1 q iFF'j. 3l q al{-
,A I<li{ tl'i fiictn<ll Ic; :. 'i 61 ujq tl'i- ljWf. ~:. ~ - il"lli. q;ei
"" \
ii1<f1 l<ll Ic;:, p., \
q "1 f1 'i iii <f1 I<ll Ic;:. i:rfc, I
44a tili fiirn1 <ll Ic::. i1 q -.r<1,ili- 31:!"llPT ~ fflo ~ - 3lcl
fiirn1 <ll Ic; :, <lic'<l I01 fi'bi,i'i- (~). f1 {ifcR-1qil'1, 31cld "'.ii!!I,
fii <f11 <ll Ic;: I ~- ~ . i!"lli c!i2TI 1:fic'! I
fflo Y<!>R~ 3lt:ll I~ Ill ~f.i. Seven presentations of the
Rlro)ttirc:- ~ fiirn1- highest cohesive tantra-
<4TG, <M I <'<i 'i fi1 rn'I <ll Ic; , Meaning, real term, entrance,
'1(510\q{ll-j Fiictn<llli';, q(iif1'i view, meditation, conduct and
fi1 <f11 <ll Ic;. 4 <la tl 'i fi1 <f11 <ll Ic;, result.
i1 f1 -.rll f1 'i fi1 <f11 <ll Ic; clilTI
q, "'11 uIfi:l ":l f1 'i fi1 CTfl <ll Ic; I
Seven types of mind generations 1 31 :Jrn «1.--,i =
v-.o.t ~ Fc1 ~ ~" «J
with pure resolute thought ~ 'Wl if 'lffil ~ I
(the mind-generation possessed .
2 The human beings living during the
by the Bodhisattvas on the first kalpa possessed these qualities.
seven impure lands)- The
treasure-like mind-generation,
the mind generation like a
jewel-source, the ocean-like
320
Set of Eight
'1]11'"'-Cllll'CI!'\! "l!l' <J'~Ill' "1 '\lol' ol~ ~·CJ I 3f>a' lflf~- '(«.11"1'1,
'
'l]!i'CJ'CJil "l!i'CJ'"'-C:'~C:'~i.1 "]MCJ'("I'
fi'l<i;'l, 3i'14.--ll'l, c/>~c/><'ll'l,
' ' c. '
tim.
~'ll_cti.,...,4~'1, 311 i;l ifl-1 'j, 311 4 °'11 QI 't "'cl I
t1&:(l1 "l!i'CJ'~'<:J~~·~"111l'CJ\ "l!i'CJ' 3lTo lflf<IB!,TR- f<'lll1, f.'t"ITT,
3114 <'ll , <l>1 cl!. <'ll , tim,
'11 cti 4,
oJlfc:·<:1·\~· ~ 1 "l!i'CJ' ~Ill' ~"]Ill'*·oii1 0
311.:lifl-1 llm 3114:11QI I
,~·CJ·£l·<:1j'\'~i.~ll Eight ever-binding factors-
Sluggishness, sleep, excitement,
q, 't fq I ~ c-ll i"l 'J;-l'if "'I I f.'t- regrets jealousy, miserliness,
<!5 't I4 I ~-"W'! &114 I, <!5'114 I non-shaine and inconsideration.
<rut. i!>'tl4 I ,<l·'!),<l ~ . <!5'114 I
;1~·ci~111111·<:1t'\l <:l'\"1 .:)oi,,r~l !f111
~ ~ . c/>'1141 ~~11 ~1'141,
<!5'1141 ~'l<l·cl I c;'1"1 c,"1, c/>'114 I ~'<:J'ql 111.f·<:1·?:i'1 l!jC:'~"1 ~'\'"llll'~"-1
'
lPlfl<l'I '
'lll\JI, I
<!5'li41 "' ;
i'iifl-11<i,
m~1 ~'\·~~!!
<!l'tf4 I et 3lTo 'J;-l'if~- <!>'114 I 3l>a' 4 R -1> ~H1EI 't f:- .:3ffi'TI,
~--w=r {..<il141, c/>'1141 "'f~. t1 -,--q '1,
'
-;,frq:, "1 "1 et>: , y I C'I et>:,
<!5'1141 ,<l'!),<l· ~ . c/>'1141 ,1c1i1 9,'\' Ic1:, "+!Trf'cl:, 'l j"1 ~-<1 fc1 I
m. c/>'1141 e~11 ~1•141, c/>'1141 ™ 4 R"'~ t1 Ef'f-
.:3ffi'TI, 'ffi'if,
~ Gl1G1, <!5'1141 Ulf1<l'I -;,frq, "11<!>, 4lc1cfi (41c11-<ITTD),
'
"-11 lP1 llm c/> 'l I4 I fi'I cfl-1'1 c( ~ I 9,c('I c1, "+lTrf'cl ll2ll "'.FI
Eight generations of Karmapa- Eight imputed phenomena- Self,
Karmapa Diisum Khyenpa, animal, life-force, birth-giver,
Karmapa Pak~I, Karmapa Rang- preserv"r, person, born from
jung Dorjey, Karmapa Rolpay self and son of self.
Dorjey, Karmapa Dezhin
Shegpa, Karmapa Thongwa i·i~·cit'\1 ,-ix_·~·oiat:1.'"l"-f f x_·1:1.(l!j'?l'f
Dhonden, Karmapa Chodak
Gyatso and Karmapa Mikyo ~<:J'':i' ~v <:JIil'@' sc:·~·"'"-"111l''l/~1 ,-ix_·~"". V
Dorjey. ~"'*Ill! f~<:1"'.'f~c:·jc:·1 ~<:1·sc:·~·CJ\

1~·1~111·cit'\l ~"111l'CJ! "1~'\I .li''\'CJ! oi1 sc:,-ix_·~'<lf~'f'~ollll'-ft1
"-{'\'CJ! !l"1''\"1 .:)""'11 (,~·al'\'CJ\ 3l>a' 'I 8 I '11 •I ii I "11 :- 1f:T J'l"'Ri':,
~"l'OJ'\'CJ~fl c:fa'!u'r "t'l"ew.:, 4~-t14 clicfilc</5:,
;:i rn ~ cg~ cli • 'l'!-zjerur c11-1j,Fcl,:,
32 l
Set of Eigln
zjalur-q~tj,'j ~1-s;{sl41,,1:, q~tjli- Kagyud, Yazang Kagyuu and

'3rn~ ,1"14C:r, '3rn,q:il c1'601~t11 Shugseb Kagyud.
3f@ lfITT-.Jl•li!lut- 'Kl ii ~ .
r:i~~11r~'l\~·r:it"il "ic:,-,; CIS' r.i, oi1
zjalur ii TIITT>, 4 ~tj Ii ii
cl> en1c cl>, '3 rn , ii cg rtJ cl>, 'Kl- 'l\~'l\~1 ~"'"i"l"I "-F"',fl ~OJ3Jil,~1
zjalur ii q I'(),Fi),' zjalur-q ~tj Ii ii
~i{slql<ii, q~t11i-'3rn, ii -q,q !:!3J'<i1 9~,:,·~~11
~ '3 rn ,-'Kl
ii cf'{1U[ I 3fl't 1l 11<'I Rl !/,I f.'1- ~ i1 I'll, qa;Jll,
'
Eight great Naga Kings- Ananta, '9?11i", "efa'i o11 i1ct~l,s·{sl:, tl 4il<li~.
' ' '
Taksaka, Karkotaka, Kulika, tq\]f: (Fc1 "1 lltCNI:)' 'TI"'l ,
Vas~ki, Sankhapi\la, Padma and 1ciul1-1ffll~iiRI I
Varuna. 3f@ 1l 11 <'I RJ Iii- -'>l""nci=ct=i, -q-<q, tR,
Cl"jQ.'CIi"i'tC.'Cl'Ql"i \ CJ.§·';_\"'CJ"j'-'.' CJ ~"i 1 "efa'i o11 i1 ct ~ i{sl , t.14 ii iii, tili3!
(fc1"1ll~). cl>C'i~I cfl!.TT '.fl"\
~'I\'~".CJ1"-' CJ@"i 1 ~·:1· CJ"j'-'.' CJ@"i 1 ~I
~,:,·$C.'CJ"l'-'.'CJ~"i 1 Eight auspicious signs- Srivatsa
"-~'!\· r.i· CJ1"-' CJ@"i 1
(an endless knot), Padma (a
cil OJ.CJ' CJ"l'-'.' CJ@"i 1 'I\ '1J'-'.' CJ~<:;. CJ"l"-. CJ~ "i1 lotus), Chatra (an umbrella),
Dak~ii;iavarta-sankha (a white
~'!\''I\~ CJ'CJ"l"-. CJ@"i ·\11 conch-shell with whorls turning
to the right), Dharmacakra (a
~'\~"..I c; Ill t'll 3fl't <'If.!-
wheel of doctrine), Dhwaja/
~ II~ I:- ~'.).-s;c1>•gc;:, t1'1cj'I-
' Victory banner (a banner/a
c1> 1 gc;:, dl'l.j,cl>'gc;:, 'g'l41cl>'gc;:,
victory banner), Kalasa (a
-/+1'1 t§' Icl>' gc; :, il <ii q Icl>' gc;:, treasure-vase) and Suvan;ia-
1.1"1•1c1>•gc;:, '1'l,~~c1>•gc;~i1RI I Matsya (a pair of golden fish).
~ G ~Gfll" ~ 3f@ <'If-!
~11~1\[- ~ c1>•gc;, t1'1cj'I Q~~~·r.ia'!:lll'CJt"il al·ai°r:,·1 ~·i.1 91
c1>•gc;, o1tg c1>•gc;, '8'141 c1> 1gc;,
~"'CJ! <lOJ''ll ~"'"i"l"l <>1·~1 ~,~·
'l'R'-"fPT c1>•gc;, ll<iii11. c1> 1gc;,
ll'-')'I c1>•gc; Til!.TT ~-~ "i"l"-'(11
c1>•gc; I
Eight minor lineages of Kagyud '1JC.',l\l
tradition- Drigung Kagyud, a)·a;'r:,·1 ~·i.1 ~1 ~,:,·,:i1 <lOJ'CJJ ~'
Taglung Kagyud, Throphu
Kagyud, Drugpa Kagyud, 9'1J~'~0J1 <>1·~1 ~C,~'"i1"'(11
Martsang Kagyud, Yelwa
322
Set of Eight
Cl'.'.'l\~~zii~·<l"-'f-111 -i;~· zii·~~·s"'· ·

-.. ....,.. "" " ....,..
3J',>Je;·1 'T~I "11 :'.'!"'QI ~'ii ~·(;{~·~9·~·~11 ,~'Cl!'j'i<lqf·
1"1"'1 .;:i.~ I \°i ~Q·lfr I {i<l~·~·~'il zii~i;·y\f9·~i<l·~·~1·
~
~ 'l'l<."li;;c.lllflll ~:. ~i<l~-~11

~
•i'1,i1<j11. ~ . ~. ,rn q, <'I '\.

c:fu 011 clct~Fs·{sl:, ffi"'[<'l,
3[l'ic 'l 51..ft ,11 :- 1,1 ~<I, f-1.l
' f-1cfi111f-l.l 'ii 'l511"1a1.
~clcH-1'14~-t1fa I
~ ?ilcfi{>U 1111 .jg I'i1ci I,
-~-
011<;,1.,
' '
•n,l'ii'il, ~. ~. ~ \l,~ <11,11 <1 '.J.t4 Ic; i:I g 111 a 1. 31'l_ci c1 a,
'lt!l'.J.S:lllr 45!'iit1'l\ 01i 'lt!11"1a1.
~. ~l,s·{sl:,
'
ffi"'[<'l, ' .... ~ "'
<-15Gl Ij,lll' 141 'lt!I 'fl cl I,
---ri'>,--r-.~
1" y t<l
fuw~I ~-11'1•1f-l.l (tll'I) 'li31'i1c11, 3l1ZT
3ITo 'l"l"f<."I" "i;;""c.ll"- ~ . • r)'{J iFI I.
~ c;'i1<-<4 'lt!l'i1cil,
zjtr. ~. mar. ~ - ~ . 'J.til'i111\11i c1.1fa~cfi,1'llit: 'lt,111'11
fi:R;:y Tim tic:i\c; <1,N-11 I
m itfi'r I
3TTo 'li;l1lc11ll·- 'I" ~ ~ cfi
~. ~. •11~'1<j11.
~.
for-"cfi1"<1" <ITT 'l 5 I'11 c1 I, lf1T ~
~ . ~1-s,{sl, ffi"'[< ~ ftr.m~ I
cfi{,011 <ITT '15111'11, ~ ~
Eight auspicious substances- A
~ <11,11 <1 '.j,t41 c; <ITT 'i 1, 11~1 <11,
mirror, medicinal concretion
from the brains of elephants, 31 'l_c1 'M cfl 'l 51 :f i;; I cfi "lT"if WIT <ITT
curd, fine green grass (Diirva), '151.-flcil, <lt!GJ ~ 31jlll'I <ITT
wood apple, a right whorled 1J511la1. "'ii\q cfi ~-<lT'T (Ql'\)
conch-shell, vermilion and et\ 'l 511"1 a 1. 3fTo "<'ITcfiWIT cfi
white mustard seed. c;'l"""f et\ 'l5 I1la I Tim 'Jtil 'i111\
OR 11x c1.1fa~cfi x-1'11~ <ITT 'l511lc11 I
A mirror, n1edicinal concretion Eight great teachings- Teachings
from the brains of elephants, on guru yoga and the three
curd, fine green grass (Diirva), bodies of a Buddha, teachings
wood apple, a right whorled on love and compass10n,
conch-shell, vermilion and teachings on cause and depen-
accomplishment of meaning. dent origination, the drop of
nectar-like fivefold teachings on
~1·i~·cit'\J .l3'i<l'l!!]~i<l·~·~11 5i<l~'
the Great Seal, teaching on
~,::ia.·~11 ~·~~'<s"l·~·~'il ~~· simultaneous birth and unifica-
tion, teachings on the Six Yogas
323
~: Set of Eight
on N aropa, teachings on of love, a crocodile is of

subduing the eight worldly kindness, a naga and dragon are
concerns and teachings on the of wisdom and a garuda
reversed method of meditation (mystical bird) is an ornament
on the secret mantra doctrine. of blessing.
~Q,'!3,''l!'\1 g;,;·ri'·i·(<:il!,l'i'!"\1 ~,;·9· 'q!;'lillJ'''l''l!'\1 @"\'~tlfl!,l'~tlfl!,l'ql ~~·
al·C\~tlf l!,I' qQ,' ~"\1 ~''itlf l!,l'6lP,,i; '';j .._. ~,;·

'
~tlfl!,l''\!l~'tlf"\~I S"-'i{,;·~tlJ~'ql S"'
~a.·~"\! ,ii;·,ii;·'\9'~tlf·s·"-a.·~"\l s· i{,;''\!l~'tlf"\~I S"-'al·i{,;·~tlf~'<JJ S"''
,;,;·q·53Jl!,l'qa.· ~"\ I ~· ~"\';ltlf l!,I'~a_.~"\ I al·iti;·"'s~·tlf"\~ I '\ !!J'<:ir"l·~tlf"'<l\
!!l'"'~tlf·ui·~l!,l·i·!"\I s·~i;·~·s"\Ji'll!,I'~· '\ gJ'Qr"l·'\sl!,I· tlf "\ l!,I' ~ .Q !'\. u:i3,.~11
QQ,'!"\'~11 311ic't :1,c;:~=- Wll3114···rnfa-
q ...-J cf>:, W\1311 q ...-J q, C'l "'1-1:, ,, cl), c; I
3ll~Flfll 3l"tcl a@;sq;ffi:-
' '11 fi1 II fa q '"'1 c/>:, fl cJi c;' 11 fi1 lf>C'I~:.
olC'lcJc;C'l-s;cf>l'.(<'lq 5@, ~
3111' I lfii II fa 4'"'1 i'li:, 31'11' 11 fil-
im,:, tji'{\Oll<'lq cJtWlfllx't'I:,
q, C'l '.(11:[:' 31 gc1.J fa q nj cf>: 31 g({!, C'l-
q Iq 9,"l.lf<1 31:j,fl.£11'1 <'>q w'iilq!fft,
~I
~ -fl"' q "ITT,:' ' c; Qi <'l q "fc!ix:'
$11'1<'lq 11'1~'1'1\ ~
3ITo II <fi I'< et :J,vlir- ffl\13fl1'.Fl-
ll fa q '"'1 cf>, W\1311 q '"'1 q, C'I ~.
lJ'{\-s~ilfa 1
'"cJiC: I' 11 fi1 II fa 4 '"'1 cf>, '"cJi c;' 11 fil-
311 'tl 1 et awi<!ITT'- <l'C'I' ~
* *if
3Tio
Cf,C'I m, 3111' 11 fi1 II fa 4'"1cl,,
31<'ii'lil'< ~ if 5Tl!fr. 31,:p:[ 3111' 11 fi1 q, C'l '11!1', 31 g cl.J fa q '"'1 c/5 ~
~ if fm,, cf>'{\011 * ~
3l g .-q, C'l ,1!1' I
'TT,
'f/."" I'(-1 1, $
'4T4-'9,"'Q'
~
itft *
* ~
~ if 'ffiTi1 'T!ffl,
~ if*
Eight types of person- Enterer
into the fruit of stream-winner,
~ *
if
"1'JlT ~
"fc!ix, '$1'R
~11m~$~if
"ITT,, G<fT
if
abider into the fruit of stream-
winner, enterer into the fruit of
once-returner, abider into the
l'f'{i',s I fruit of once-returner, enterer
Eight ornaments of seat- An into the fruit of never-returner,
elephant is an ornament of into the fruit of never-returner,
power, a lion is of fearlessness, enterer into the fruit of foe-
a Kri~1,1asara deer is, of compas- destroyer and into the fruit foe-
sion, a crane is of investigating destroyer.
virtue and non-virtue, a goose is
324
Set of Eight
ll]''.' ·~gi~·"'t'\1 ~"l''JCl.oJ'i'\'"' Cl,'~3J~1 "T' q 'II tl "'I cl <f> ™ t'flffUT

(f.'lqfo1)- T' ~llifl.l ffl, T'
1i1f\'Ja.'~3J~1 ~,:: .(i:ia.·~3J~1 i,€·
~ . T' em to1c;:Ji,. T'
"l~"'·~·~oJ~I 1'J"-'Q<>.·~3J~1 "-~"l~· ffl -sl-sl•I, T' ~ -slc1lc(, T'
ffl ~. T' 4~Pllc1'TI am
'!:!'7,it:·i:ia.·~3J~ I al· t "l''Ja.·~3J~I t_ oJ~·
T' c1lc;'1
' ' ~ c; I
t.11'1>/
qa.·~3J~·~11 Eight manisfestations of Guru
Padmasambhava- Guru Sakya
11c<t>t'll ~ xm:- Af-s·•11,:
•< ' ' Sengey, Guru Padmasambhava,
61~'-t, q,'Qu1: (cfil,t,filli'fi:), tt-1;:, Guru Nyima Odzer, Guru
c\'R:, '1lll'1i'fi:, ~ : . 1l%i'1~'<'1R1 I Sengey Dradog, Guru Dorjey
Doliid, Guru Tshokyes Dorjey,
'11c'.<ti <f> 3llo ffi- '>)_-s;'ll>i,
Guru Padma Gyalpo and Guru
tts;, cfR. m.
~ . cfi1,t,fil1i'fi. Loden Chogsed.
~am~I
The eight sentiments of drama- !ll'-'~<>1·1:1!'\1 i;•r~1 ~·~oJ''JI :i:j1I
Sj11giira (feature of charming),
Hasya (smiling feature), Karui;ia
~·~"'·~1 ~-~"-'\Ql'CII fl'.ilj'J"l''l/"-'"l~'
'
(feature of compassion), Raudra 'JI 'Jfi' '1/"-'"l~''J I 'Jfi'i<1·2f·'l/"-'"l~·

(aggressive feature), Vira
(heroic feature), Bhayanaka 'J,{11
(wrathful feature), Bibhatsa
3lle't :tft d '1 ~ I:- ss<[:, 31cc:,
(ugly feature) and Adbhuta
= : Vl'.:;'-t,
C'C''1, .,,...+,,,: f.'N ".-;: '
~
(:l <.'Y c1: ' qc;:r: '
(frightening feature).
"1!514'1l~-i1R1 I
~~·gi~·r::it'\1 '!J7-i1:l!'~~·1 '!J7,i''Jfi' 3J1o 'lr'<ti'R <f> 1lfur ~ - ss<f,
~~~I '~J7-1·~·3J·;{'\·il"'f '!J7-i·~~·~·;f"l
31cc, ~ . *· f.'I,~.-;, \;j\"Yc1
((:l <.'Y c1 fi 'i_ ~ I q, c'. '11,), qc;:r (qc;:r
~·7,i·{tsf·af11 ,·7,i·oJl·~~·\l1 ~·7-1· <:1'i,1 q,c:11,) am "1!514'11

("1!514'11 fi'i_:tl LJic'il) I
'Jfi' t"l'C!i ,·7-1·,f'~·oJl'"l'~'\'~11 Eight cold hells- Huhuva
'!'<> 4 'ii 't1 RJ q ~ ~ t'flfl oII f.'I (sneezing), Ata\a ( chattering
teeth), Hahava (moaning),
(f.! q foII f.'I }- '.J,ti :t 11 ifl.l f\ ~:, T>-
Arbuda (blistering), Nirarbuda
'Rffil'+lq:' '.J,ti 131111 !51 c(Jl ,:, T>-
..,., (bursting blisters), Utpala (split
fill -s I-sl' •I:, '.J,ti c;l'd1'' ' T'-
,s IMl<(,
like an utpala), Padma (split like
(pi' $ c;I'd1' :, 'J~4'1l'llc1'H, ' T'- a lotus) and Mahapadma (split
' ' f\ c;:t '<'1 R1 I
c1lc;'1tll•I like a great lotus).
325
Set of Eight
i::.·~·ci~'\I ~"'l''\"-'~"'l'll.'lll1"'lf ~·<.<Jr:i· 3l jc/>Alc/> "ITT'iT. Fi) ~11 '1 c; -gt-,JJ,

fl g .-i ~ft ct "ITT'iT. 3l q Rrt!...., 'Ff x't
'ii::.·~·<.<JQ'111"\"i r 111ilf ~"i·'ii::.·aio1·o1r111·
<J4\4' "ITT'iT 10/ cl Iif4 S,c1 I ~ ,1 '.J,ilci
ci.~r ;·il·t"i''i"-·;·il·t"i·~· ~~rr "ITT'iT I
The eight primary character-
~ 3ll.=t1'1if1q1:- ~:. ~ : . ristics of a spiritual friend
~ : . 31q<til>1'1:, m. '3rn,- (Teacher)- Possessing a
~ - ~ : . c/il,c1~-c1fa I Bodhisattva's discipline, being
3llo ~ "if1"q (w.i i[l-q)- ~. well-versed in the Bodhisattva-
~. ~. 31"4< ~ . Well, Basket of teachings, being
'3rn'1>1f.::101. ~ c1m c/>1,c1 1 endowed with realization, being
Eight sub-continents- Deha and full of compassion and love,
Videha, Camara and Apara possesing the four fearless-
Camara, Siilhii and Uttaraman- nesses, having patience, having
trl"i;ia, and Kurava and Kai1rava. an indefatigable mind and using
right words.
'\9'CIQ.'CJil"'l'"1~",'if~·~·qcl·o1~·;'\·~·
~"J~·q~iSl''l'CI~'\ J ~111"'l'QSl<:_·q~· tll1"'l'qf
elf-i'i"i'Q~'\I si::.· ~ci·~o1"'l''i<Ja.·isai·
111~111~·~~· !111~· <J[ aii::.·l~· !1111!l'q[
~o1"'l·1i::.·~"'·<Jr si::.· ~Q.~oJ"'l''i<Ja.· ~ ·i\
"i'i'i<l \<Jl!l' !111"'l'<J r ~,:,·~~· ®'ll'!l·~r
o1i::.·t'"'l'<J[ {111~'<J''il;'~",'<J[ i~·~·
~<:_'Qlz:J''i"-'~",'<J[ il·~111~'<J''\"-'~",'
!!!)~'CJ[ o1i::.·~-i~'CJ"'l'!"l"'l'CJ~[[
<J[ r:i~\<J''il;'~",'<JJ &i'i·ci:Si::.~·~·il·!·
3Tlc llGT:- ·,11:c/>ct.U.., '(ii4lji;:
z:JJ £'111·~ ·s·Q·1i::.·~",·<J·r:iil"'l'.Srr n ( ~
li c!'i'1i;: c11'(i0,jlj<f1c11, <11~1'1-) "' .
=: tl'iflAJR'n>ic;: 0tl'tJCf)l'("iCi
0~ :
1{Ill • ul'l <"I I o I fll '::1 *'1l 3Tlc "I'-{ I I I
m- "ifs~c1'1<;~i)fa
<.'[l:JOllf.'t- ~
fllj"q,j:, mfi'.lflfqfi1cc/, "ifs~.
~1<'4c/>ctl'1i;:,
3Tlo Y'<l>'R * "IG'- on; (~)
cgct cfi c/> 1'1 oI '3 <'1 "i 'l'fG', "(ii'l ifi
I
3ITTl ' I'1 'l,4\4 c1 I, 3l jc/> Al I, ~ ~ 11 '1 i".1 't,

' 1'1 oI '3 <Y "i "l'G', 1.11 cl 'i cfi cffi'U1
;:i <'Y...., "l<';, "WT-~ ITT ifi
cl I cfcg ~ I <.>Ni Al "i c1 I 'iJ;fu I
1{t1.I •uFl- <•'Ill oI fll-::1
<.'11:101 ~ -J,
*m
3llo
~
c/l I ' I'1 o I '3 <Y "i "fc';. ~ ifi
c/l I 'if.'cia "ITT'iT. ~xifqfc1cc/> if
"ifs~. ~ ~ <J4\4' "ITT'iT. ™ ITT cfi c/, I'10 I '3 <Y...., i:rc:
326
Set of Eight
crm <ls'¥ iR cl, cfi 1 , a 1 <.:J "1 "i duality and profundity of
~I skillful means.
Eight types of pride- Pride of
being born in a high family,
1a·9"i'N'i::tt'il &1fu"i·<l1 ~, i·if1 F9.
pride of being good looking, <IJ "l"il ~l ~l "'lfj'~'<:!!'i"\11
pride of youth, pride of health,
pride of wealth, pride of 311:l~IUIIJJ
'
3fle't (3-r,'qj~OI-
authority, pride of knowing the ~- qi"Uo: I
'11R1c!il < =.Tt
"t,.'-1 ] ,
science of art and sculpture, and '3'<';\!'j, ~. ~q_<II, "<';""'n:,
pride of hearing (having 3li «i ~i1 RI I
studied) n1uch. a:rllffi' et ™ i,j-r,'ql~"l-~-
cfiUo, '11R1c!il, ~- ~ - fficj.
fai·<>1'1'!.,·ll·(9·..a·ry91N·i::it'il ~·i::i·,,.r
~q<II, "<';T('f, (lm 3lt'<l I
'li::t'<IJ i:\<!]<!]'<l'Qf,;i::t·<:i,
~·i::t~"i·;'i'QJ' Eight sound sources- Guttural
..,, (throat), Nasal (nose), cerebrum
ai::t'<IJ .ijON·s·,;i::i·<iJ .ijON'<l'"l'•i::t'<iJ y'\·
~ ~
(alveolar), stomach, Palatal

<1"<>.r,1i::i·<11 9;•r&l'\'"l'ai::t·<1J ~i::t'N· (palate), tongue, Denial (teeth),
and lips.
&lf'N'<l'QJ',;i::t·<l~IJ
ii::i·i::tt'i·~~·ry·i::tt'\l i~·i<I, <:!"11:\'<!]'\i<l'N'
'lll<Fllll i •f~ 31 tic I~<IRfil>-
<IJ i<j,;·<i'i::t"IQ,'i::t@'i I .i:i~ON'r.ri::t"ii:\'i::t@'i I
Rliiil f.1- 7Tl'l1Tm. ~ : .
~~- ~ - 1T"'ffi- IN·~, (,;·q~9 ~·s'\1 9~\~&11N·.:f11
"11"i'(, ~- ~-
~, =" "~ 'tl ItFII !I 
m-- 1T"'ffi ~. 1T"'ffi ~ . c/?' '.).'i,. ~ I' I 4 I
~ , ffl. 'm"<i, mi, I
c/?' '.).'i,. 'tl cfll 1,
11l'lfR Cl~. 1T"'ffi W<, 1T"'ffi

'tlltl'11 !1<10'<1> <!ft 3T@ 'tlltl'11-
"ITT',, 1T"'ffi 'qll"[, 1T"'ffi 31 Ei 1.1 di
q ~ Al ~ I- f3i ,s·' '11 .
c/? c; liil ""R"4T .
Tim 1T"'ffi '3 q 11.1 c!i'1 ~ I<'1 I
c/?' gc;, =~j~,IrnqI c/? • gc;, ~f1~q1.1=1.
Eight marks of irreversibility
on the path of meditation- ~ . ~~'m"<i,I
Profundity of birth, profundity Eight great chariots of the
of cessation, profundity of Practice Lineage (f'he eight
reality, profundity of the objects independent schools of
of knowledge, profundity of Buddhism that flourished in
knowledge, profundity of Tibet.)- Nyingma, Kadampa,
practice, profundity of non-
327
Set of Eight
Marpa Kagyu, Shangpa Kagyu, (palate), tongue, Dental (teeth),

Sakya, Jordruk, Zhije and Chod. and lips.
1crr.ri,1?f"~"\l "-"-l'sl! al"l·~l '11"' ~l!,l·~i:;·!"'cr~orc.J·c,~'\l i'\·~·s·c:i·"l':!"1'

oJ~"ll!,ll £l·1i:;·c:i&_·~c:i·CJ1 <l~"\ ai°il ~ -~ l!,l'C\§t;'~<l'CJ\ oJ~oJ'CJ'~ '\'~·?. I!,!'",§~
oJ(tl'\'j'\l ;;_"-l''ll l!,l'~"l·~·~c:i·r.r~· ~c:i·"I ~oJl!,l'wi'~·.fi:i·s&_\°i ~·?.I!,!·"'§~

t:i!'\'&i°i·~11 ~<l'CJ\ "'"'\'al'\'1!°'1'~<11 ry"J'a;'\J
31 tic'. f.'I El I 'l ll I ffl f.i; : (31 tic'. f.'I l'.i
'l ll I '11 'lff 11,Fl '1,)-
~oJl!,I' o\.fc:i·" I ~oJ'':\°i'oJis°'I·"&_·?.~-
</)""1 c1'(, Gi°E11i11RAI, ~ -
fu f.l:;:. 'Ni 111 '1 I-\, B'i'R , :),f<.I if> I, "'§t;''\<;'1 ~ &_'13 '\'""''~ 'Q,joJ' ~ ·i:i~'\·\11
"1,<'1 i1 ffl f.l:; ~il fa I
3TTo 11~ <!ft =1Ji;~1Bffltrlf.i;~- {sl -s' I, ~ f.!,ifu111RlqctJ,lj:- ffi'fj-
if>IG1<'1, 01t11i11RAI, 31'!~11fflf.l:;,
' qC: ~1f.111j 01 II fa q R\-4 :, ff I-IA If.'! 1.1\01-
, 'tt I q 'i, B'i'R, 'Jf<.I if> I 'A"~ 11 fa q R\:1:, ff4,ifc1f.'illlu111faqfca,
"1,<'1 i1 fu f.l:; I 3l'iJ1i1 •If.'! 1.1\u III fa q R\-4 :, ~I I~cF11-
Eight spiritual attainments- A zj c; l'i'fl f.'! 1.1\u 111 fa q R\-4 :, Gill I'i«l
sword, eye-lotion, swift footed- "fjqf~ f.'! I.I\ uIll fa q f{(1, '1'1l-
ness, invisibility, elixir, walking if> I, $1 AIf.'! 11\u 111 fa q R\-4:. '1Wf-
in the sky, pills and walking fc1 ~ 11f.'i 11\u111 fa q f<'i:1 ~i1 fa I
underground. 3TTo f.'l,if 0 1-11Rlq~1.1i-
8if!'.1~~1 q;r f.'11.1lu111faqfca,
""1'9'"1°'11!,i'C,~"\l F"1'"1 oJsl"i'"I '11°'1 I ,i 1-1 a I q;r f.'! I.I \ u111 fa q R\-4 , '1'lfr
~I 11 ~I i·:f1 oJ~~II ~ cl'; ~ f.11.1lu111faqfca,
3RT'lWT f.'111\01 11faqf{(1, ~ll~clci
311:i~IDIIIJ ~
'
'Cl<>'tll~"I m
~ \j c; cl'; 31"<1' 'ft ~
~ - "if>Uo:, 'llffiif>I, ~ . f.'! I.I j u111 fa q R\-4 , 81 11 l'i cf; '1'lfr
\:l<;"<'(, ~:. R)j~~I. ~:. 31~ ~ ,nfi(j ~ f.'111\01J.1faqfca,
31ltd~ilfa I ffqfif>l,$1<'11 q;r f.'11.1\01J.1faqfca,
3lecm' 'if> 3TTo '3<>i11~"1-~- 'lT'f fcr1f/.l ~ f.'! I.I j uIII fa q R\-4 I
'ip1Jo, 'i Ifu if> I, ~- ~ . fficj, The eight definitely occurring
R)i ~~ I, c:T'ff, ~ 3Til'o I achievements- Definitely occu-
Eight sound sources- Guttural rring achievement of· The three
(throat), Nasal (nose), cerebrum great objectives, the same-
(alveolar), stomach, Palatal nesses, attaining the purpose of
328
Set of Eight
all sentient beings, effortless i!.J~"'· "l"Cl"-.s"'·<11 ~"· 111·i!.J"-.s"'·<11

achievement, the state beyond
"-!l"I'~' i°"I' ~,{l l
the two extremes, the achieve-
ment of the purpose of the three ·3fl'cl 31~'!-l'llll:- f1c!lc/>1~$1dl-
vehicles, omniscient knowledge $11'1'l, 'll'l$1dl$11'1'l, clftl,$11'1'1,
and objects of the path. ' ' '
tici\c/>lx Ifi'Hi<lltf, ~:.
"{"l·lfqt')l ~i!.J·i!.Jis.!ir "li!.J-~"lr 111~· 31j'j,dQll1'1:, !:1fillc/>Qlll'I:, 1ITT'l-
t14c/>lll~-tiRl I
~"I[ ~i!.J{9"1"!"-''1[ t~i:l:f"-""1[ ™ 3lftltilfll- tic1\cf51x$1al$11'1,
i!.J~'<s-~"I" cia..! "-. "1 f ~1·~9·i!.Ja..! "'. "1 f 'll'l$1dl$11'1, <l-«j,$11'1, ti<ilc/>ixl-
~ - ~\Qlll'I, 31j'j,dQll1'1.
"-!l"l·s-r "I. ~;{ll !:1 fil Ic/> Q1.1'1 >I (fl2ff 1ITT'I ~
3Pcl tn:1m=- tic1\c/>1~;,1t11$11'1'l.

t14c/>lll I
Eight topics of the Perfection of
'll'l$1dl$11'1'l, cl-«j,$11'1'-l, "f1cff- wisdom- Omniscient mind, the
cj,l~lfi'H-iilltf:, ~ : . 3TJ- knowledge of path, the basic
'j,d~1.11>1:, !:1fillc/>~lll'I:, ~ - knowledge, the complete
c/,lll~i1Rl I training in all aspects, the peak
3ffiJ tn:T~- f1 cl le/> Ix $1 a I$11'1, training, the serial training, the
'll'l$1d1$11'1, cl-«j,$11'1, ticl\c/>ixl-
momentary training and the
resultant truth body.
~ - ~\~41'1. 31j'),dQ41'1.
a-ifillc/>Q41'1 (fl2ff 1ITT'I ~
t14c/,lll I
"l~"l"t"lf i°"lf l~-"-~.!il ~~-~i!.J"lf
Eight topics of the Perfection of
wisdom- Omniscient mind, the 9if~·"11 ~i. "l·~-~.!i·ci·~<!j 1{"1·~1·1~·
knowledge of path, the basic (-i:f- ~ '\"~· i!.J ~"'.~"I" i ,;·Q,{f l
knowledge, the complete
training in all aspects, the peak 31~'!-l'fllt<l 31'<!1 ~t'l~llllll:-
~ q1xf?ta1:, ~:. Ef4:, "ficr:,
training, the serial training, the
~~c1'l, C:1'1'-l, ~clljqRl:, 31'l1lcf-
momentary training and the
~'ll <l Ij'!,<-1 Q1.1'1, I~-/1 Rl I
resultant truth body. 31~'!-l'fll qff ~ ~ cfIB
R{~{'l'[.r'l!')J ~i!.J"i!.Jis.!i[ "li!.J"~"lf ™ ~"Ill- m q1xf?ta1. ~.
Ef4. "ficr, ffi, GR, ~<lljqRl
9~ -~ "1 f ~ i!.J·"('lj "I.{"'·ql K·•.fil {"'. "If (fl2ff ~-31j'j,dQ4l'I I
329
Set of Eight
Eight topics characterizing the 3lTo Y<l>R uf<'f--mtf. c'fq. 'll'J,.

Clear Realization- Six Perfec- ' c1~b.--~
i.f>l 'l <'1, t[cf, 'fix I' I' 1.q, cf> ocl'(l,/il
tions, Buddha, Dharma, Sangha, am '3 c; , '/j./sl 1
moral discipline, giving, recol- Eight qualities of good watcr-

lection of god and the serial Cool, light, sweet. smooth,
training of natural identity and clear, without bad . smell.
that lacks of real existence. soothing to throat and harmless
,!;'j'llll<l'ff<l~·~i::.·.qj·~11·!!]i::.lll <l!'\l
0
~-(Al· to stomach.
a,~111·<J·Q1 a;'\·"'~"-·~·<11 ~\'J''-'~·<11 i'111·ri11111·!·"-~111·11·s111·ci~'\l 1~·Qil.~

~Q.'!ij'Ol'Qj ::l'"-''l'<lf ~"''"-'4o,j'<J\ t-,f Q~"i-~'\l ll·1~·Qil,·~ Q~"i-~'\I ·;ii::.31
~'\-~'Qj ,;i:;.·Q~o,j·~·Qi{ll Q~"i·~-~-Q~"i-~'\l .3ill''lf"-l oi·oi,
~i;<lli;t<l 3llc't q1Jf1J1:- 'l!j"Jlll'<IQ,'Q."j tlj'<lj

,=._ -
111·111,;·Q!j"jlll''l"i'~'
-- "" <'\
31q,cBl•{'r, '3mc:c11<fl. '111tiic11c;l "-<lf9·q I £l·"lu:f·Qil,·c,_<1f"l'<J 1 "-~-~ 111 '\"'

~:, qt;fliffi:. <11clill.1t1:
(tilcilcB:), ~<1tffic11c;l ~ .l,;·Q·c,_<1f"J'<li{J l
mi'[ I
wfEITTIT: 3llc't 31 ti ~ t1l'.l 'l [:-
~i;<ll<;.l qj 3lTo 41lfll-
'!).~I c'1 t1 ITT 't,
31q,cB1-t1, '3mc:c11c;l '111tiic11<fl.
31cl.1 lcf>t1t1 ITT 'l,'
~ci'J,:,, qr;,:qffi, c1'1cB1<1a (ti1c1\cB), . f.'
C
! ' f.'! xlt!:,
\
fH...<lll xltf:, 31q ffi *1&11 .
~<1tffic11cf1 a m ~ 1 31 ti c1 f.'l ,1t1:, *1. $11 cl c; '11 f.'l ,'ltl ~ii~ I
The eight synonyms of the
nihilist- Aparkanta, Nihilist, wftTTTI "*™ ai ti ~a tJl!-
cg ~ 1c'1t1 ITT, 31 '!).~I <'1t1 ITT, 31cl.1 lclz<1-
Atheist, Devaguru, Vrhaspati,
atti:1, 311 <li I~ I, q ffi *1. l.<ll If.'! {it!,
Lokayata (Carvaka), Prmq-iti-
vadin and Svabhavavadin. 31 q ffi 'ii l.<ll If.'! '1'i.f. 31 ti c'1 f.'l xltl d°~
fi $11 cl c; '11 f.'l xltl I
\'(JJB\'"lll]'<l!'\'~1 Q~Ql'Q\ (JJt;'Q\ ~a,·
Eight uncollected factors of
<JJ "-<sll'<JJ 'i"'lll'<JJ ~·t;'Q'~'\'<JJ dharma constituents- The
virtuous reality, the non-
"-'l"''"i'll~B\·q·Q~ 'Qj "-'l"'."i. w· Q'Ql·.:i· virtuous reality, the unspecified
reality, space, the analytical
Ill~'\'<iA11111 ·~11 cessation, the non-analytical
31t>c:~"-' "1<1'1- ' ~~a'l,' =.
' ' cl
cessation, the immutable
~ . =i.f>"°l'l~c'1~'t, l:jql'\, Ef.'lr.,;:=1•~1,~l"cf't, cessation and the cessation of
cf;OcJxj./sl't, '3C:,xj<si mi'[ I perception and feeling.
330
Set of Eight
..... ...,.. .....

(j°',J ~Z::'fl'l'a.Jd;"i'!;o\l
-
'J.'.)'~Z::l!l''J ';.Jd;"i'
~
....,. .....
a.JI:;'a.li!,\!\o\l
Eight types of offerings- Water
for mouth, water for feet,
flower, incense, lamp, scented-
..,. ..,. ~ ..,. ~
water, eatable things and music .
., ·"'~QJ·a.i.,1·i;a;, I ~'CICll!l'a.Ji!,"i'!\o\ I
1sa;,· ~a.i·a.il\~a;,1 ~a.i-$QJ·a.il\~a;, I a.Ji'\t.1~·lif'l~'\f ~'lj'SJ'a.J\ $"-''l'a.J\
~"'·"''\"I'a.i l\~ a;,· CliSl!I' ci $\\11 ~·a.ii 9x_·a.i1 il·if9·a.i1 C1~9·fil'1!1'a.JJ

~ ..,.
wcl' '1151~41:- qaw,1~1,-1,q:,
";IZ::''ljl!l"l'a.J\ ,i'd;CI'a.JC\ II
~~ lr<-1«);1:, ol§.il 1-1qq:, i:m- 3flSc l{..~cll':- c'll'i-<11 'i\ill~cfl.
Q1Rrn 14qq,. ec1c{l<'b1c1,1-101qq:, "ITT'fT tfnKcll, lfrITT 'i\il I~ 41.
'.J,'1'1c'l«1,Y:, fi1"1ll«j;1:, f.'1c1\01- 'r'fm 'i\ii I ~ 41. T'11 'i\ii I ~ 41, l{'lT
QIr<-1 qq ~ii fa I 'i\il I~ q"i, cfri:rr 'i\il I~ q"J, 'T.q[
3lTo •h5 Itq._4- ~q~au~,"'I~"'1-1=~=q, <llfi:r- 'i\il I ~ 41 iifc'r I
qq, o1 §.il 1-1 «ri. •-n-; rn IRn,14«1;1.
~ cl c,fl ib Icl c1, oIqq, '.l,'1'i c'I «j;1,
3TTo l{..~fcnrr- c'l l'i-<11 'i\il I q"J, e
'11c'll'i"11~41. '~c11'i"11~41. 'r'fm-
R1"1 ll qq <Pm f.'1 c1\01 qq I e e
'i\il I q"i, '.l,tll 1'i\il I q'\ \{Y 'i\il I q~I. e
Eight great stiipas- Stiipa of cflql'i\illeq"J ~ ~ I
heaped-lotus, stiipa of attaining The eight offering goddesses-
enlightenment, stiipa of many Goddess of grace, Goddess of
doors, stiipa of great 1niracle, rosary, Goddess of song,
stiipa of descendance from the Goddess of dance, Goddess of
Heaven of Thirty-Three (Traya- flower, Goddess of incense,
stririlsa), stiipa of reconciliation, Goddess of lamp and Goddess
stiipa of complete victory and of scented water.
stiipa of attaining nirviil).a.
11i''\·r.i·~.Jl''J'Q ~'\ f a.i l\ ilfo\ I "I CI l!I' Ciol QJ I ~'lj:~,,;1Jr:;,·CI'C1t'\f '\CIZ::'CJJ ll)fl°','iJ ~·
iJ·if9 q~9·fil'1!1J ;.JX,'&l\ ~'a;CI\ «j"l' ::;f) ',11!1'<_°',j '\CIZ::'§'!j &)· ( &)·~I)
,,, ..,. ..,.

al!IJ "'QJ'a.J'Clill!l'l!I \ I CI~a;,·s"lJ ~z::· (~z::·l)CI-ol!l'~II
3ltef.ltll l{,.u!T- **l. 41€.l'j, 3Pci c'l)cf>qlc'II:- ~:. <f'l:,

i'Ri'U): , ~
..:, : , ,J.,,.,,-,:
~~11'1, 3'ffr.,:,
~. ~:. tM. ~.
c1,~?fl'.crr=a , cl I'l~ii fa I
~ ~ tl '1, cJTci iifc'r I
'
3TTo ] l ~ qfl- l{,.u!T- 31'UI, 'ClTE.J', ™ c'l)<1>q1c'I- ~ . <!'!, i'Ri'DT,
T'f. ~. tM. WT"tl 'YT'fl. ~ ¥, ~~11'1, 3'ffr.,, 4?fic( 'c1:1IT
c1:1IT cfTE.J' I c!PJ I
331
3J1VIT!: Set of Eight
Eight directional protectors- 'l'I<!' 31 fr.-1-M 41 ~ q,"f 'I'!<!,

Indra, Yama, VaruQ.a, Kubera, '(i i4-M q1 t,zj q,T 'l'I<!, ~ ~
lsana, Agni, N itifl:a and Vayu. tj'l,-M41 P1Ull1~di q,"f 'I'!<!,
~l!J.~'\·i<i'~·,:il'\1 ~'\""11 !-1;~'\""11 <'fh:-sii "11 '-M 41 'l Iffi <l qi'[ 'I'!<!,
41.fi-M 41 <f> 1j<f> <i 1 q,T 'l'I<! <Im
'\'IJ": <i 1 &l· '\'!J"-" toCI t'I) <fitPlf:- c'Wf: , 3@l'l'f: , pride; fear which is like an
'/j,i!sl'[, ~=~. elephant, analogous to close-
f-1.=c; I ilfcr I mindedness; fear which is like
the fire, analogous to hatred;
™ <'I) <f>tl 4 fear which is like a snake,
~:"i'.!f, ~-
analogous to jealousy; fear
f-1.=c; I I which is like a thief, analogous
Eight worldly concerns- Gain, to wrong view; fear which is
loss, happiness, suffering, fame, like one chained with iron
qisgrace, praise and blame. fetter, analogous to miserliness;
~l!J~·,:r,:i l'\1 C:.' !"I'-il ~a_."-~<tj~' "11 <tj~ . fear which is like a flooded
river, analogous to desire, and
~<tj·~c:.·l:f·i1l,·o,~<tj~'"l 1 ~' ~c:.·a:i·<il' fear which is like a cannibal,
analogous to doubt.
"-~<tj~'<ll S<tj"\<tJ't"l·~-~<tj~"<ll 'I/'
~JtJ~·~r~c:.·,:ia·~"'-~'\·':!l'\! ~"'·~·<tJJill.
I
c:.'\·~'\·l:fa.· "-~ <tJ ~ ·<11 -il "'. ,r ~<tJ~· <tJ ·~ ·
:i<tJ sc;·'.:'1,$"c;·~c;·~<tJ~·<11 ~<J·J·\l
O,<J",'<ll f "-'1c;·c:,~·il'\1 '\"ll:;"~'\")':\9'
;i .lfi\<I ! a:i "'. <i'lJ·~~-i6°"11 <J~'\.!3"1')·
~'\""1':\<tj"<ll ~c:.·)·si·oi ·1·8l1l ·;·J9111'
"1~11
3l1!c't "l ll 1<l i5 :t 'l :t 11 '11 f.'l- ~
-qu;s,1qu1:, '3ct1~ fr1R•1~~<~'£Tlf.
4 ~'<1 4 q \JI '3<l 1<'11, "efa'iu'r eh <f> 1<'11,
~~11'1 {lqo1t,l<i:, 3P'if 'l'l<'lil•Fj,
332
Set of Eight
~';1{,i1 ~ : ~ Fil,~- <IIC:'3il

fi),~ ~l,cl~il I
3Tlo 1-J ll Iii g :t 'l :t 11 '1- -i't 1l'f il\Z!J"l'!'~·i3i·?.f1 ~\~'8,1 CJ"IC:'C!'\Z!J
ijO;g,1~01, '3c'cti: -i't fi'1R•l\'i<'li:- CJ"-''i'(CJ•i\f&1~·ai3i1 <i·a:i3i·'\~·~1 ;r
~ . q ~il 'l -i't cl \J1 \icl I C'i I, crte'fUT
"# c6 <'Ii I<'11. ~ Qi1UT "# Z!Jil<li'"-~3i I ,,.\ ~c:· i3i·?.f1 ;_J&,''\Z!J"-'
,1 ~ uIg If1, 3IT9 Qi1UT -i't tj •I C'i c1'1, ~11
~?!i,'-1 <li1UT "# ~ om
c!T<J <li1UT -i't Fil, ~ - Fil, ~ .fl , cl I 3llSc't .15fl'o'Sllilcfil:- ~ :
The eight terrible cemeteries- ~11 Rg·,r, ~ <'cl R/'i:fR"i'b: '11 c;:• 1<"<11-
Cai;ic:laro~ai:ia (The Fiery One) in 11.-i '.),·:ii:, ~ '3 CT'1'H.P "G-
the east, Girigahbara (The 1'.ffii'b: ~:, ~c'-1il~:
Wilderness One) in the north, 31 f.'l '(i<i,:, ~<'cl ~I'{ '-11 \1111 •1i'b: ~ -
Vajrajvala (The Vajra Fire) in 1-ffur:, JJ.f'o '>I <i,1 <'Y Ic; <'Ii: ~ .
the west, KankalI (The Skeleton ~<'i:l<l§~ ai1.-irc;:, ftra-rrssc:,i'b'd\
Bound) in the south, Ro~11Q.a-
hiisa (The Terrific Laugh) in the qf
Isankoi;ia, Maiigalavana (The '1151'11c;,•1<"<1111.-i:, ~11Rg.-;i:, "<Tcli-
Auspicious Garden) in the 1:lfu-:, fq u;,:;1 C'i'l-J Ii: i, I"1:, fq ~ rc;-
Agnikoi;ia, Ghorandhakara (The cfc'R:, i:l§C'i:, '1151i'lil~'-1q:,
Gloomy One) in the Nairtya-
311.-J"G~il I
koi;ia and Kili-Kiliraurava (The
3fTo .15fl'o .1511 ii cfj- JJ.f'o ~ l'.ffii'b
One Pronoun-cing Ki-li-Ki-li)
in the Vayukoi;ia. ~ 11 R'.),?I, JJ.f'o ~ l'.ffii'b
41c;,•l<"-11'-1'1'.),?I, ~ et; ~
,,,t11·&1i'9·,:il'\l ~ ~·.,cn;3i·!·&1i'i:r,·~· '3 cf1 'l U"'i:;-1'.ffii'b ~ . ~
" i l " ~ 31 f.'l '(i 4 , JJ.f'o ~ I '{ '-11 c/,T
~~-~1 ~;-"-~"1'i5°'J'!'&1i'i:r,·t'!j"l'~l !!C!'
\1111 •I m cfR'IT 'l c'a 'l fci I, JJ.f'o
.r·"I'..r~- oi1:i: &1t i:ri·" "-S"1
,:i· ~~ ·.ll Z!J. ~3i· '>l<i,T '3 <'Y I c; <'Ii ~ '3 c; Illl, JJ.f'o
ell i'!!j'&1' "-Z!JZ!J ~ ·oi 1 &1"1' 'il°'i·C!iif'Cl~ '&1 i'Z!J'

ors~ 311 '1 "G om ftra-rr $ ~
3ITc;"x ~ cfR'IT i:I §<'I I
~'\-~.,-~1 ~&1'C!'\Z!J''\'\'C!'!~·q~·&1i'!!j' m
'1151'1·1c;:•1<"<1111.-i. ~11Rg.-;i, •1c1iq~.
"''""'"11 &1C:. ~-,f~·q~· &1 i''!J';_j°'i.'\ Z!J"-.2f1 fq o;g'J C'i'l-J Ii: i, I"1, fq ~ re; cl ff1,
C!!J Cl'C!'"l 'llJ~ 'C!~.&1 i'!!j'~- Z!J -Mi'"-~3i. ~&1 ~- i:l§C'i, '1151i'lil~'-1q 1;cr 311.-J"G I
Eight supreme Hearers (Hfna-
'11 yani)- Sariputra possessing the
333
Set of Eight
supreme wisdom, Mattdgalya- ~ 51 ·.:i<llf "'151 '3!f"-·~,::,·01 1 S3!1N" 01 l 1~·

yanaputra possessing the
supreme miraculous power, J°c:i~,::,·?.vf11 ( S"-'tC1'.:ic1JIN"1<IQ,'C1*1'
Subhiiti aspiring for profound- :ll"-.'ii "'l )
ness, Aniruddha possessing the
divine eyes, Mallamai;ii using 3Tlc't ~:'ill:- 'l5!'!j,~: cl\Jlq1fu1.
supreme bed, UdayI the 3l c1 c,11 R!,a ~cl, fe't RI • 1'1':, ,i Jf.'I c1, u1-
supreme householder cultiva- R1 t<q,,a.f\, 311 l~I' l"f:, ~:.
ting faith, Ananda hearing {i'l'f1'4~~t1RI (JT1f!t .ftfimrw
extensive teachings and Rahula arfit~I
the supreme one paying deep 3Tio ~~- i:i'!l,~. c1\Jlq1fu1.
respect to learning. 3lc1ct1Rl-,a~c1,. ~- xnt-
OR
Mahamaiidgalyana, Sariputra, -11c1,01fc1r<q-;,a.f\_ 3llc/>l~l'l"f. ~
Gavampati, Pil).c;lolabharadvaja, d°:!IT ~ ( ~ 3TTo ~
Pilindavatsa, Rahula, Maha- '<ft 'Eff8ir 6' I
kasyapa and Ananda. Eight close disciples of Buddha-
MaiijusrI, Vajrapal).i, Avalokite-
.,&IIN'<l!'\f ~<!]'<IJ l<IO.'<IJ a)·e.<!]'<IJ svara, K~itigarbha, Sarvan1va-
rai:iavi~kambhI, Akasgarbha,
!J1'~C:f Cl"\\'lllf O.~<!]IN'~·~,::,·J ~,::,· Maitreya and Samantabhadra
i.1 :i<r]'~"l'ClillN'~ll (Fhere are also known as the
eight Bodhisattvas).
3Tlc't >.r,s•II,:
'{ffl:-
~l ' '
cfR: ' ~ :'
~ : . i,l'i-<-i'j, "11111<1>:, c/>'QOI:, "l~"i-?f'\9·c:i·i:it1l ~51 ·01 "-·~3i·r.,,~3i·qa:
,~~~t1RI I 'll~"i·ci1 'll~a-<11~"i·ci1 ~<11·c:i~,::,·c:ia·
3Tio ffi- -i'"ITT, cl'R, ~ -
~ - ~ - "11111<1>, c/>'()011 d°:!IT 'll~"i'CJf ~&l'<l'<s'9~"'1' 01 °- 'll~"i'CJf !;JOJ'
-fu:- I ,::io_·9~3i·cf1 f3i·ic:i·~-9~3i·cf1 ~IN'iCI'
Eight features of dance (eight
sentiments)- Charming, heroic, ~-<!] ~ 3i·ci1 { ,::,·c:io_·9~3i·ci·c:i;,;1N'~ll
ugly, magnificent, smiling,
frightening, compassionate and 3ftic lJfa"qlffclJ;~ I<'II f.'l- fc1 'i_tl 01-
aggressive. i:m,qa'[, c1,-g!.lfc1qar. 'i_,c'cl!.lfc1qa=r:,
R1w1'f1 !.IRIYa'!:, R1,i1•1 \.I fc1q1R:,
~ ·c:ia·!{IN'ia..·i:i t'\1 0.1s.51·1s"'IN 1 ;j<r]'""'( <li1~11c1,01\.lfaqa'f:, $141cl'i01-
i_J !"i''<slN'<!]sl<!]INf 1N'clJ·~,::,·2f1 iCl'<I' i:m,qa'[, !.1§i1!.1RIY1::1~t1RI I
334
Set of Eight
3TTo i:rfwllff- ~W<'T- fc1 1,tj oI cnT m

QR1 qe,, ~ cnT J;[fcrq-e,, ~ cnT ~. ~' cLll'-11'1, Q'!a~, ~ .
llfi'rTe,, fc1 !'Fi I'f1 cnT llfi'rTe,, fc14Jl I f1 fi,l (ij "Q' i1 (Fi I elm ~an I
cnT J;[fcrq-e,, if<'1 ~ 11 cl, oI cnT J;[fcrq-e,, Eight antidotes- Aspiration,
$1 ll I cl , oI cnT J;[fcrq-e,, elm >IB"ll application, faith, pliancy,
cnT j;[fcrq-e, I mindfulness, alertness, aware-
The eight antidotal virtues- ness and equanimity.
Overc01ning negative forces, OR
counteracting one's virtuous Faith, intellect, application,

forces, prolonging one's pliancy, mindfulness, alertness,
virtuous forces, subduing the awareness and equanimity.
negative forces, separating from
"l~~-~"-)'S.'\''l~'\l "i"i <II "-)"i"<IJ f"l
negative forces, counteracting
the obstructions to liberation. "1 ~"i"!i"-~1 S"i'<II ~~-"~"il "-)"S"i"
counteracting the obstructions
and elimination of negative <iJ il.)·il·s."i"<ii{J I
forces. 3fla" i;rfcrqlff 'fi t I~ I:- ~.
"l~~·~'l~'\I "-)"i"<IJ f"J""I '\"i"<IJ ~°'· U"'G:, i:lllllll-1:, Q'!a~:. ~ : ,
. .
l!i"-~"<iJ S"i"<II ~~·"~"ii ,i,lSJ~·<11 f111,l "1 "'1 '1, f1 «Ii ix:, ;ii~,i"«li=ix=~=i1 I
'
3Tio i;rfcrqi:=r- ~ . U"'G, i:lllllll-1,
"'i"-" f SJ~"<l.;~·~1,
Q'la ~. ~. f1 fi,l (ij "Q' fi «Ii Ix
"JC,"°\1 elm 31 f1 «Ii Ix I
The application of eight karmic
'\'\"<II ~-sf~1 i"l"<iJ ~~·g"-~I S"i"<IJ
antidotes (eight antidotes
~~-"~"ii ,i,lSJ~'<II "'i"-"fSJ~·Q.;~·~11 applied to eliminate the five
faults)- Faith, aspiration,
3Pcl i:rlwlm:- U"'G: ' c1.11 l11 •-i: '
~. Q'!af&T:, ~:, fjfi,l(iJ"Q'j,
application, pliancy, mindful-
'<1tFil, ~an ~ I ness, alertness, compositional
<ff factor and non-compositional
~. ~:, cLlllll'f, Q'(a~:. factor.
~. f1 11,l (rJ "Q 'j, '<1 tFi I, ~an
<l1"i'"l"i~·~·11"-'S'"J"i'"l"l'"~'\l ~"l"
~I
3TTo YRI q i:=r- U"'G, c1.11 ll Il-l . "1~\<11 SJ'S"i'<l"'·ai°'·<11 il.~\<i~·ar"l·
~. ~. fjfi,l(iJ"Q,
<l"''"liil"l'<IJ ~"i')"~'<lj a;c,·il,~C,'<ll
11211 ~an1
335
Set of Eight
1~·31· °i'tj"''f'"~·,.·i:i1 9"'9 9·J·s~· f.'!m;cr, wt "c/l"T f.'!m;cr, ~

fu:rR
"c/l"T \1211 ~ R'I q ~ cl)!
"II "l"l'',j°i'i'"lf&i31~·~11
fu:rR I
Eight great treasures- The
~1011R'lq1a:. 31C:ct1IC:l'Fi. treasure of mindfulness, the
'
c/ll'lfi'1v:i1i11x:. ~q1c11c::. 'li/.141'1'1, treasure of intellect, the treasure
fi' n ci '11 c c/l 'j, 31 c/l Ic'l-(fcl c/l Ic'I) of realization, the treasure of
31lffi:. '3'ttl~ll(lll 'lt;l~l'{lll mo I retention formula, the treasure
of confidence, the treasure of
13 q cl I 'fl ,i, 3lTo '1°t"llT'T-
dharma (scriptural knowledge),
~ Ifil It; "1 I, 31C:ct11C:1'1 ('t!lil
the treasure of Bodhimind and
c/lx'il). c/ll'lfi'1UJ1i11( ~q1c111;
the treasure of accomplishment.
(~ 61161'11), '1E.IYl'"1, fi,na-
'11 cc/l, 31 c/l I61 (31 4 xI!ii) 31lffi ;9·t1,;.·il·i:i·i:i!"il !!l~~·;,;°i·t11 ~~~·t1·Q1
0211 i3""ftl ~l'{lll ~ 'lt;l~l'{lll I
Eight precepts of one-day vow r.ii:i·"'~9·t11 "i~1·t1·i:i1 1i:i~·§9·q1 S
holder- Killing, stealing, indul- !:19'!Jj ~9·cru;·q1 9i:t_·~·q;{l1
ging in sexual misconduct,
telling lies, taking alcohol, ~ ~ll~cldcll~'l:- ~:.
taking food in the afternoon, ~1~01., ~t:lllcJ:, >j')l-Jiflc/l., tfcr,
singing and dancing and using ~~lf/!c/l:, ~llln'.lc/l:, fa:•1~x~i)fc1 I
of high and luxurious seat or
3TTo ~ll~cldcllc;'"l- =fi-ia-i&i=. ~lt:1'1.
bed.
~t:lllcJ, '1'1'liflc/l, ~- ~~1fqq5_
9~,;.·i,"i·?.f·q!"il :i°i'tjQ,"9,"-1 i·i~·~· ~llln'.lc/l \1211 fa:•1~x I
9,"-1 ~9~·qa,·9,"-1 9~~~·~·9,"-1 Eight proponents of eternalism-

Sarhkhya, Brahmai;ia, V aisl)ava,
{i:i~·qa.·9,"-1 i~·~·9,"-1 s~·~i:i· MimaiJ.saka, Saiva, Vaise~ika,
~31~·~·9ry"-I ~i:i·t1a.·9,:t_·X:11 Naiyayika and Digambara.
~ 'l5lf.'llc,ll'llf.'I- ~ - ~9·9.a·.i'l!]'~"i'<l!"il 31{"i·~31·UJ~"'\9

~ - ~ . UNUfl- 31{"i·~,.j-~-~~·1 ~ ~""iCJ!!]'"l~''\9
f.'!m'l"j, ~ - ~ -
~ . ~R'lqR'f1f.'ll'TI'l' ~~·1q9·~...-~~·1 ~i:i-~9·(.IJ~""i9 ~q
mo1
3TTo 'l 61 f.'IEll 'l ~ "c/l"T f.'i'm;cr, ~9·~...·~~·1 ~"i·"'~"i·"'J~'"i9 ~°'·"'s~·
~ "c/l"T f.'!m;cr, lffi'r "c/l"T f.'!m;cr, ~... -,~·(11
UNUfl "c/l"T f.'!m;cr. J;ffi'\',:rT "c/l"T
336
Set of Eight
fl hQ cf1,l<"ll e-T"f, univsersal king, seat of Sakra

~e-T"[, flhQ'lj'll'i"!, (lndra), seat of lord, seat of
3W1 lfl lj'll'i"!, <fTtl cl Iii 'ii hQ et,, Brahma, lion-seat and seat for
'
~:, ~fl~hQ~cf't=q~uI:, turning the Wheel of Dharma.
3W11fl<i,4"1~ilfi1 I '11,llj'Cl'~&l'"f'l!ll aOl'<J'c:Jljllj'<l\ !11'~\
3TTo ~llGm- fl hQ et, J.!«:r!ff,
' ~ ~ ~
3WIR! J.l«:r!ff, ~fl~hQ~ct,=, 3lj'11'1, c:ffjllj'<lj ,;·1c:_·,:ii::_·c:il\")'"11 ~'&ld,'1c:_·~·

3WIR! 3l j'i I'1, <fTtlc!Til fl hQ cf\,
c:ffjll]'<l\ qj'oi·c:il\ll]'<l\ ~,;·s·c:il\ll]'<l\ l\'
fll'efcfTil 3WIR!, {ihQcf\ ~ <l~'T
3WIR! ~ I CJ l\llj' "1 \ :l]C:, ·<f<i ·c:i l\ "1 'r.iit11
Eight topics of the logicians-
Correct direct cognition, wrong 3ltc.f.'lf.i 4'<11!1"1'1- ~ .
M"I q fl!ffOTli". , ~eml~.
direct perception, correct ' ~"'"'t '
inferential perception, wrong ~f1-1•-1,:-v1-,:,1~q,"""1a,ui i"I. cl {-51 qfi!ffOTl'f,
'
inferential perception, correct '1 fu Iq fi!ffOTl'f. 3l ~cl q {i!ffOTli", ~-
' '
argument, wrong argument, 1R)a,ui -'<)fi'r I
correct refutation and wrong 3lTo SI <Ii Ii! q} qftlffUT- :fi1f-
refutation. l.RMUT, x-fr-'R\ITTUT, 1Tc!cf ~
'[!ff-'R\ITTUT, '<11' I'< ~ ;:;,c;f-
'!j~-q~')I l'c:_·1<f°'i·~·';j°'il ~ol''l1ll1·~· 'R\ITTUT, 'cf"i!--51-'R\ITTUT. iffel-1.RMUT,
';j°',\ "F"·<lf•r~'-:c:i/:l.·';j°',1 c:i~·~°\·~· 31Vcf-1R\ITTUT <!1111 ~-'R\ITTUT I
Eight sciences of examination
';j°'i1 1c:ic:_·~,;·~· '1/°'i I a,c:,•rr.i/:l.· ';j°',I (analysis)- Analysis of male,
ilc:_·~ a.·~ I i'l!l·~·"f"'<lf·c:if,;·c:i/:l.·~· analysis of female, analysis of
mountain and trees, analysis of
'll°'i'~II ocean and water, analysis of
cloth, analysis of jewels,
~ 311 fl '11 f.1- ~--3lTfl'"'111,, analysis of horses and analysis
'! to 4 ,q I'<1 '"1 '1, =i"l=w~c1=,ll'"f.,,.fl~'i~'i, of elephants.
~ Iit> Ifl '1 '1, cl~ Icl <'lllfl '1 '1, is! t:11 fl '1 '1,
' ' ' !l°'i'~,:~·~q·i°'i·c:it1l ._,,rfu1 £l9·~°'il
8R""1g~1,~1='1~'i, tl tj ii it> ll cl ct '11 fl ...j i"I I
3lTo 3llfl'l- ~-31IB'l, 1J1,- ,jf'i<l~lljl!lj £l·tc:_·c:i1 oJ(°','~OI\ Cl~l·

4,q1,1<1, ili'l>cl,lllfl'i, ~li'l>lfl'i,
cl~lcl,lllfl'i, isli:,llfl'i, ffiglfl'i ~ ol°',\ &lfC\'~l!l·J11 l!l·J1·~oJoi·~11
t1'1i1it>llclct'ilfl'i I
31 tc.f4tl I fl ltl li!"l'lll I ~14':-
Eight seats- Seat of merchant, i!!l-s• 1: ct,WJ<'11-l. \iit11i11Ra1,
seat of householder, seat of ' ' '
337
Set of Eight
31'i~llftir%:, ~ . ~~il<i'l'j,
i!si i-1 , cil "[, ~<1 C'1 ft! f% ~-i1 fc1 I
3llo Y<f>"R <!fr ~ lfITT-
~~- ,si;,;•1, cl>l"1C'1, \.iit1li1IRt11,
~ ~
'
,;l:J'~ 'll]OJ"l'l:J"-'"-l ~·v;~ I 9~90J·,;i:i·J'
31='i~~ll~ft!F.b+f<&"'". ~. , f1 1ll 'i,
i!si i-1 , cil TIW ~<1 <1 ft! f<& I <lljo\'tJQ_'af~-v;o\ I "-~\'i')J"'§ c::·l:Ja·af~·
Eight spiritual attainments- A v;~·~11
sword, eye-lotion, swift footed-
ness, invisibility, clairvoyance, l~<lxif'll ~ fllE!ixDl'J,OfT:-
elixir, walking in the sky and 'i~fiqt-J!<Ol'J,01:, x ~ -
walking underground. 1JDI:, C'1 "1cil +,qu 1xo1 '],ol:, &11 qcpl"il
~ : , f1Rl'lflqt-Jl>/Di'.lOI:,
Si\'ii',;·~·"i~"1'~,:r,:i !i"i1 ~ a.i· ~q_· "it"1' ~,:i l
,1'1-l I'lll +iqu 1' "I 'J"I:. '{J'ica fiY-
~9 ~i\·~·'i(•r~,:il '-l'it9·9·'j(OJ'~<:Jl <11' "I 'J"I:, <lf%'.!iUl'ii 1JYUIT2J
~I
fuq_ ·'i(•r ~OJ l oJf 'l.'"I'"-:1"''l:JQ.·'i(OJ·
"'a.i·
l'(<I"{ '<Ii
~l:Jl 3J' -
" OJ' ~l:Jl 'l.il;'l:J'"':,. 'j'tJ'l,'
"' 1','l:J'l.''jC:: ,;,,, "' 'i~ ~ ~ ffl
3lTo tllE!lxOI ~Uf-
cfTC'1'T TT,
x"@ ~ ~ ffl cfTC'1'T TT,
'i~.r~l:Jl o\'i'"'(oJOJ'tJQ_''itOJ·~l:J·i:i1 r cC1 icicil ~ ~ ffl cfTC'1'T TT,
31<1cfclEIT fllEI 1,011Ji51 ~~:- &114cl> ~ ~ ffl cfTC'1'T TT,
'],f'Mcl>I:, i:l>w'lC'1"[, ''j,<1c"1'1fc1:, f1 RI i1t ~ ~ ffl cfTC'1'T TT,
J;l"ll1,ll ~ ~ ffl cfTC'1'T TT,
~~·i:, i!sii-1-lcil"[, 31'i~llcil"[,
31 •N cil "[, x1' Ic; 'l 'i. ~ I ~ ~ ~ ffl cfTC'1'T ']:OJ
3llo Y<f>"R <!fr fl lEI I , o I lfITT- TIW 3Rcn ~311 cfil 1lJTI ffl
~ ~ 'J,f'Mcl>I, cl>l"1C'1, ''j,<1c"1'1fc1, cfTB ~ ~ ffl cfTC'1'T TT I
. i!sl~'I, i!sii-1,cil, 31'i~llcil, 31'1>/cil Eight ordinary qualities of the
\ Powerful Lord- Quality of
"c'1"2lT <I ' I c; 'l 'i I
possessing subtle physical form,
Eight ordinary attainments-
quality of possessing gross
Pills, eye-lotion, travelling
forn1, quality of possessing little
under-ground, sword, walking
weight, quality of being
in the sky, invisibility, being
pervasive fonn, quality of
free from death (immortality)
possessing perfect attainment,
and healing disease.
quality of being perfectly
So\'il,;·~·"i,:i,;·;z:i·~·afo\'1ii\'<1!i'i1 9~90J' luminous, quality of possessing
stable form and quality of
!';l'l:Ja·aro\'1io\ l 9~90J·,;90J·tJa·aro\'1i~ I fulfilling all wishes.
338
Set of Eight
!Ii\' ,;· '"1<1ri<1·ci!J'\l '\""' '"l<-lf '\'lC:.';9 9'1"' ''\i:JC:.';9 il'".'\'\' ·

i!J t i\·y\~· <>l <-l I '\!!JI\· ~ ·"'~9"·r.i1\. <>l <-l I '\" c:.·;9 "'~'I."I <-l. ~· '\" c:.·;9'" il<-l.~l I
"~1·r.i/l.·1>1<-lf ""'\'"11\'"1<-l l '\~9·r.i/l.· ~~<Ii: f'l 3ftic't 31 'fi IEI Ii: o 1'J." 11 :-
cr, 1q :1, u 1:, q1•:1,u1:, Rlrn'.],"1:,
"l<-ll ~·i:J1\'"l<-l l !J<-l'"l'UJC:''\9'"1"-'".~Q' ':![f.i';'.], 01:, t14':l'l'.], 01:, ,~l'i'.), 01:,
r.i1\·"l.,·~11 ~i\JICJ:i!cf>'J"I:. cf>4'j"l~i:1fa I
~~ ~ 3lTo 31'fi1Elli:"I l];Uf-
arci 'fi1Elli: 0 1'1$1<fic-lllf.'I- <lc'!- cf>lll'.),01. cll''.),"I. Rirn'j"I.
q,C,ll 'i., 3TI11 il IRcf>C ,ll 'i,, R~~ "I.I ':![f.i';'j"I. t1clcl'l'J"I. ~ .
"!la c1>,<1
c t.1., PI IS,-/, 1t1 'i c1>,<111.
C ,
cltf- ~ ~ "cf>T TT <fl!TT c1>410 I I
cf>,ll'i.
C ,
'f1f%ac1>,<1>1.
C ,
~ll'f1cf>,ll'i.
C ,
Eight extra-ordinary qualities
~t11,4tfli ~ I of the Powerful Lord- Quality
3flo ~ ~'1~$~1<l>~c <"1- <k1 CJ:4cf> of body, quality of speech,
quality of mind, quality of
fcRI iJfA" cflc'll ~ . ~ miracle, quality of universal
~. R~ "I.I <ITT ~ fcRI features, quality of abode,
"!A cflc'll ~ . PI tq, RI a fcRI 1 quality of wish fulfillment and
"!A cflc'll ~ . qt[ fuR) iJfA" quality of virtuous activity.
c!Tc'IT ~ . 'f1 f% a fuRr iJfA" cfR'IT
°Q 9''\&li\''N'"!1'\1 '\"l"-' 2f·~&I' "1"-'i!J<lc:.· i:J8..
~ . W"'f1" fuR) iJfA" cflc'll ~
\'fl!TT ~ i:i Ii: fuRr iJfA" cfR'IT ~ I "I ~9.,·~·.,1 "~'\'r.i/l.·.,1 a.iic:.·"1\·
Eight ordinary great virtuous
"I "~""·r.ia.·., l "'~\ ~9"'1c:.·!:Jl>l'i:J1\·
activities- Activity of power,
activity of force, activity of "I !:al.,·r.i·q~c:.·"a.·., I !:al"·r.i·{9.,·r.i/l.·
threatening the host of enemy,
acliv1ty of driving away, "~II
activity of killing, activity of
alluring, activity of peace and
3ftic't ift 'l ll I·l''l.'1 ll :- ~-
~ : . ~:. ~:.
activity of increase.
~:.~:.~.
!l'I''"·&rcll<1·r.ia·1cic:·;9·~·ar'l'li'I'"!'\1 "'lz<'R~. 4ta1fc1~~-8fa I
1fl1lll'l ~ 3l@ 'SfP!lli- ~ -
l ell ·'\'lC:.'§9 9~c:.·9.'\" c:.·;9 :!9"'~' Fc1G~l'i ~. ~ . ~ .
'\QC:.';9 ~'".f;l"I'~ ''\i:JC:.';9 1'1'".sf<:\' ~.~.~.
~<fl!ff~I
339
Set of Eight
Eight grounds of Hearer thatness, post clear realization,

(Sriivaka)- Ground of seeing clear realization of the Three
bright dharma, ground of the Jewels, clear realization of
family, ground of the eighth, ans1ng never, final clear
ground of seeing, narrow realization and clear realization
ground, ground free from of Hearer, Solitary Realizer and
desire, ground of guarding Bodhisattva.
activity and ground of
actualizing activity. 11l'·~111·i·~11·M·!·af"i''i"i"<l!'il i"·~~'QI
l'i:rsa·i111~("i·r.i,;·(lff"'·r.i·1:1111 i'Ol· I"·\IIJ"'1"i'~"'·~llf Ol'r.i I ~llf Ol'1:1~~·Q1
..("i·r.i,;{llf Ol"'-11 \"i·..("i·r.i,;·"f;90l·r.i 1 '\"IC:'§IIJ illJ'<l,"i°"i"'-11 1<:Jc:·i,<I'\' !!l<!]Ol"
~ ·r*"i·~ 1·..("i·r.i,;·"f;lff0l·r.i1 l Ol'"r"l("i· a

r.i 1 Ol" r.i· ul"i.r.i 1 { QOl"1c:· '1/"i' r.ii'l.'11
r.i,;·1;90l. r.i 1 'iilf"i·..t 9""I'..("i.r.i,;·"f;llJ Ol' 3P'a' ~ c.lJ I: f<l qI cf> 'J,UJT:-
c;~ EJ\Utc3,,~'
cl'-l, ,:{clO\i;<ll-J, "Ji:;cfiiil~.
..::i,
r.i1 ':\"i";i'£i.~ c:·ti·..( "i.r.i,;{llJ l!,l' r.i 1 "'~~=cl'""4~'-l. 31 I~ ll cl I cfl.l'l, ~ ,
' '
..~,;· ~IIJ" '-IQ,. "l("i.r.i,;·\llf Ol. <I) ~"i' ,;c:' -9.~-q-«l~'t, •J.or- ~
sc:· <) ..Ol·:n·..("i·r.i,;·"f;llfOl r.ii'l.'11 wruf, "li:;ig<'I, ~ . 3ll~llcllil'4,
~. ~ <fm <1<'1c111
3P'a' "\l I QJ El't fftl tl 'l ll I:- Wttfi'r-
N'1T I
.
tJ1'j'1:f: 3 1 ~ :, t1 cfcl I ~ tl 11 ll: '
The eight divine ripening
~:. ,rll~fl'-lll:,
qualities- Long life, excellent
,-l•Ft1 Ij& cl I~tl '-l ll:, f.'! 'cl I~ tl '-lll:, colour, good family, power,
~ Icl cfi !.1 <'ll cfi 'f<!, Ji~ tl'f<l I'11 'j 'cl strict words, popular in having
~ ,-l'-l ll ~'<1 R'i I great power, being a male and
3lTo 1lfClf El 'l fft! tl 'l ll- Wttfi'r- having force.
tJ1'j'1:f, 3 1 ~ . t1«<11~,-l'-lll,
~. ,rll~tl'-lll, IIQC:'"ll/'!•1:1l\r.i·1:1i'\J i'l]·Q~"l'"l'£0l'
tl '-l 'f1 I j& cl I~ ,-l '-l ll, f.'! 'cl I~ tl '-l ll ~Ol''-IQ,"<Jl\r.i1 i9·q11_"l·lOl"~'"f;"]Ol'
~ -'ITT<l"cfi, !.1,11 "' g<il ~
~ cfi 3lfi'R:rm I '-IQ,-~ Ol"'-IQ,·ti~\ '-1) ':\"i"'1.§C:' Q""I'lOl"~ ~·
Eight clear realizations to be
'-IQ,'Q~'i' -11 ':)"i''l.§C:'Q'"l°l Ol"~·~'1]'1' -lil.
attained- Clear realization of
Dharma, clear realization of ~ Ol''-IQ,"Q~1·r.i1 'l.lljllf"'-1""1' l Ol"~Ol''-lil.
meaning, clear realization of
340
Set of Eight
/J,<lj <lj'<:J'i, l!l'~l!l \ OJi!J' ~l!l:ij Ill\ OJi!JJl!l'
CJl'\'l".J\ QJi!J'''I' l'Ill'~ l!l'l".Ja.' CJl\<:J l QJi!J' ~l!l'CJQl!l'~l l

~ !>~ " ,:: ~
OJJ l!l·~·~ <lj l!l'l".J<~',jl!l'l".J/J,'Cj~'\'l".J/J, ll c;:tf11J1•ft'll 3llSc ,.i111f.'I ~:"i!sl-
'tl'-1 "11 '1'-\, ~: i!sl I'i'l 11 $11 '1 't, f1 ':J,C: 11-
c:d11J1 1f~ 3flcl' l:'ll"tllJ:- ~:'5[-
'i.l Y$11 '1 't, f1 ':J,C: 111 'i'l 11 "111 't.
wianf.'a-:, ~:i!sll'i'l'-1anf.'a-:, {i':J,C:'-1-
wianf.'a-:, f1 ':J,C: '-1 I'i'l '-1anf.'a-:,
~.~.
'11' I ta '1 "11 '11, Ii I' I\ 'i'l '-1 $11...j
.,.,....,.,,,~ 'ilfcr I
~anf.'a-:, ~anf.'a-:,
c::tf11J1•f c5 3lTo 'i,1Fl- ~:"i!sl-
~anf.'a-:. 1il•li'i'l'-1ai1Rl:tilfi'I I
Wl-'$1T'l, ~:'5[-3'RJ<l-'$1T'l,
c::tf11J1•f .t\ 3lTo 1:'11~ ~:"i!sl-
f1 ':l,i; '-1-Wl-'$1T'l, {i ':l,i; l1-3'Rl<l-
wlanf.'a-, ~: i!sl I'i'l '-1anf.'a-, f1 ':J,C: '-1- '$1T'l, ~-Wl-'$1T'l, ~ -
w\anf.'a-, {i ':J,C: '-11 'i'l '-1anf.'a-,
3'Rl<I-'$1T'l. 'iT'f-wt-'$1T1 om
f.'R'lu-wtanf.'a-. ~anf.'a-.
'iT'f-3'Rl<l-'$1T'll
i:wf-wranf.'a- ol!IT Ii I' I\ 'i'l '-1
Eight moments of cognition of
!ITTf.'a- I the path of seeing- Cognition
Eight moments of forbearances of the reality of suffering,
on the path of seeing- Forbear- subsequent cognition of
ance with the reality of suffering, cogn1!Ion of the
suffering, subsequent forbear- reality of the origin of suffering,
ranee with suffering, forbear- subsequent cognition of the
ranee with the reality of the origin of suffering, cognition of
origin of suffering, subsequent the reality of the cessaion of
forbearance with the origin of suffering, subsequent cognition
suffering, forbearance with the of the cessation of suffering,
reality of the cessation of cognition of the reality of the
suffering, subsequent forbear- path and subsequent cognition
ranee with the cessation of of the path.
suffering, forbearance with the
reality of the path and '\"l'Cl'Cl!'\f ~OJ''\~'ll'~'~'CJ\ ~OJ'i!JE/J,'
subsequent forbearance with the
"'F"'1·il·~·Cj1 "I"]'~ Q")'i!J'"1")'l".J[
path.
IIIQE:.'Qli!J'i'~.i·q•qt'\f
'\CJE:.'l;J'il,E:.'CJ\ '\~OJ'Cj'f.J'i!J'"1")'l".J\ ell·
t"1'CJtOJ' l'lll'~l!l\
~<ljl!l'i!J'ul")'l".J\ ~'\'/J, ~'i!J'"1")'l".J\ ~·£·
i"j'CJtOJ'll!l'~l!l\ 1"i'"-§i::.· l'lll'~l!l\
~E:.'<J'i!J'"1")'l".J~ll
1"i'~E:.'i,l!l'~l!l\ /J,qf"1 'q· l'Ill'~ Ill\
341
Set of Eight
lffUTT:- ' ~iU- c!"'l':), ~?lid~~ ~ : , cfTlft

-"1-"l-q"""~ 31 j"1 Ic;:, firll.l 11~ '11% a:, c/1 C'I c/1 C'I &I f.'l 'l i-1 I
31 fc! c/1 c'l f.'<: ll fi A.I n1 :, 31 "l xc/1: ™ 'l 'lit 11 "l- ~ ij '11fUT, BCTn'
3l"ITTf:' 31 fa 4c/\, 31 ,;'hi jg~ ij ~ - ' Ii'(i:lx, 4~i-1'l Tj
~<ll'li-1 I <I~ (iq IC'I, 'efa1uT i\ c.b c/1 IC'1°1, ~
3TTo Slcf>I~ ~ lffUT- l!Ul ~ i\ '3 ,;J i, I«1 , 3lfr.cr i\ tj ' IC'I 11 ~
( ~ GJ"lqc;) ij ~ -&IT, ~ill ('lft<1<1"1), ~?lid ij ~
Gl "l q c; i\ ~ ""l -&IT. 1'B:!.l1 I1~ ~ ~ ij <l><'f_:q,C'I' &If.'! I
"1 ® -&IT, 'r'f i;f.'<: ,i'i "1 The eight cemeteris (the eight
xi A.I n1, "11 xi!> ll >fT1lfr ""l -&IT ~ fearful cemeteries)- Cai;ida-
"i/, ~ ij ~ ""l -&IT, ~ <fj ro~ai;ia (The Fiery One) in the
~ i\ ~ ""l -&IT ol/.IT ~ ""l east, Girigahvara (The Wilder-
-&n-1 ness One) in the north,
Eight types of leisure (Free Vajrajvala (The Vajra Fire) in
States)- Being born in a central the west, Kankali (The Skeleton
(Buddhist) domain, not being Bound) in the south, Ro~ai;ia-
born in a barbaric land, not hasa (The Terrific Laugh) in the
holding wrong views, having Isan, Maitgalavana (The
complete sense faculties, not Auspicious Garden) in the Agni,
being a hell being, not being a Ghorandhakara (The Gloomy
hungry ghost, not being an One) in the Nitiji:a and Kili-
animal and not being a long Kiliraurava (The One Pronoun-
living god. cing Ki-li-Ki-li) in the Vayu.
~>:;~,·z::r ~'\1 ->1"'·~'ll]'j o,J' ~llj s~·~-a,"c:: ~"-'Jl'i·~·m•1i-z::r~'il i:l·o,J¥''iS'*<>il £1·
.$"~' ~ llj l!l' CJ l

~~ ~
~C]''j'~l:Q.C]>;'Cl\ ~,;·
ll]iifll]~l ~~' 1jlljl!l'~'lljClJ~'llj~ l 'ijll]'
ai~·~'!l'Mj\ "iz::r~. ~"'i' ~- ~llj ''j' ~"i. CJ l
i),;·z::r2jl!l'al"~ l Cl~<>j' !l~-~-~<>j'CJ'~llj''I\ 1jlljl!l'~'->1o,J'ijz::ri!l\ "Ill]'~·~~~! l!lll]'~'
i
~~-~''1j ·al ' 1j ·al-~· lljl!l' CJ;{\ I
Elll]·..i1 ij~·i<>j·~·ii>l'Si{ll
3ftcl 'l'l'lll"llf.'t- ~ ,1qu1:, 31 'c. f<l El it 'l it 11 "l 'i'fl i•IC'li:l"l: (~-
i:211\.ltjl{UI:
.
31 H'fl 4<1>1-\<1><1l-Jjl'll 'R1 i-1 J.J\fF1~,,
3l'f14~l-J, i:lxillll:
'
342
Set of Eight
81 '!" JI:. '< <R1 «l fc'I c1 cf>:. 'l'f"fl,- 3lTo ll<lil~ '161~~-ffi-
fi:1 l{'i cf> 1<1 ~ii fc'I I f.rfi:l. ~:"@, ~. 1:fcf>. wsi.
™ llcfil~ ~ :t'l:tll'l .fl<l~- fclq c'-1. ~ WIT ~ ftrrn I
'i jo.!l cfi :tfiit "cf>T 31 iei cf> I'<. '1 jo.!l Eight blissful tastes- Permanent,
m:tftit "cf>T m. m't i:fi ~ ~ pain-free, cool, single, happi-
ness, stainless, joy and pure
f.1 fi"i d 13 IT1 '<- "'cftcR. 31 I•Fd 4 et>.\
heart.
~ <lTc't '1 jo.!l cfi ~ "cf>T
m. <ITTT i:fi ~ ~ f.1 fi"ia t]~a;·ri·~oi·,i·q~'\1 "'~·~~·~ti9·t]~QJ'~'
3fRl"'! ~ . ~ "cf>T trri.
"1d" tl~O:,''Jl "'~ x_·qi.l,· i 9·q~QJ-~'t]~a;·'J1
cf>T fc'I c1 cf> ~ 'l'f"fl, ~ ~
"ITT'n I i9·<:J~QJ·~·i9·<:J~QJ'~'tl~O:,''Jl "'~9·
The eight costumes of a 'JO.'tl~O:,''Jl ~9''J0.'CJ~O:,'<JJ ia;·.;:,!!i·f.;:,·
cemetery yogin- Being
crowned with human skull, ~t;!!l''JO.'tl~O:,'<ll ~ol''J"-':JC::'"10.'tl~O:,'l!JJ
wearing a rosary of human
heads carved in crystal, wearing
UJC::''\9''1"-'ix_·q/.l,·q~.;:,·CJ;{J l
an elephant skin as an upper ai1e~·u fl,<1"t tif<nl'<5,=~-
garment, using the skin of a t1 ~ 't, fc1 q RU[ I'l 5,:<.!l d Iili<'li '\.
human being who has
'.i;:"@5,:<.!ld Iili ,.q 'i, \l<~fca ili<'li 'i,
committed heinous sin as his
mat, wearing a tiger skin as his
f.'! qRf1 ili <'li 'i. fi cfc'I ~ Iili <'li 'i, c,Qq-
c; I'1 ili ,.q 'l, ili R1 c/1.141' Iili ,zj ilfi1" I
lower garment, bearing three '
3f!5c 1l'<li"R ~ ~- fi f<n I'<-
greased lines horizontally and
vertically on the forehead, using '.;: &-11 ili ,,Q. fc1 q RO I I1J 5,: '3l d Iili <'li.
blood for the ti/aka between his '.i;:"@5,:<.!ld Iili <'li, \I qfca ili _.q,
eyes and the body being f.1qR<'lili,,Q, ficfc'l~lili,,Q, cl1c/C:1'1-
. '
'ilil' \I lfl ' Iili <'li I
covered with ashes. '
Eight types of truth- Truth of
z:r~·ia;·(-i:r~'\I l\9''Jl il·9~z:;·i:r1 i:rolaJ· pervasive suffering, truth of the
'll 9%9·'J1 t]~'tlj ~·oi·al'\''Jl ~9"'' suffering of change, truth of the
suffering of pain, truth of
'lj cll~·~,:;·Q'Q.;!!1'~11 engagement, truth of disengage-
ment (turning away), truth of
31 tic! ~El : '1 6 I '!jftl ~ fl :- f.rfi:l: . ever-affliction, truth of
~:~. ~:. 1:fcf>:. '\j{\i't, thorough purification and truth
fc1 1-1 C'l :• ~ • 'Q<il R1 rn ~ i1 fc'I I of correct application.
343
~: Set of Eight
"-~S'\''l!'\1 '\'\''JI "-~°i''JI g"l'!JI <1°i' phenomena, thatness of non,

virtuous phenomena, thatness of
;c::~1 :i°i''JI ~~·!J~°il o.~·s'\''-ll o.~· unspecified phenomena, state
ii'S'\''-l~II without discrimination and
feeling, unmoved by pleasure or
3ncl -ti '{-<I) I'( I:- ~. 'tFG::. pain, analytical cessation, non-
oQllll'i:, !.lflf&r:, ~ : . xi•J.Fil•<Fj, analytical cessation, state of
ti «t, Ix :• 31 ti «t, Ix ~ '<1 Fc, I being and eather.
3llo 'tl t<f> I~- ~ . U"'i;, oQ Ill I'i,
!.I fl f&r, ~ , xi •'..Fil "ll , xi «t, I,
Tim 31 xi «t, Ix I c.. -
:ii "I ""' 111'S"-II
-
Eight compositional factors-

Faith, aspiration, effort, pliancy, 3n<1 3fll];I:' ell I fil I- ~ . 3W!:.
mindfulness, mental alertness, 31fl'..!:, cfTl!:. ~. Tf'.£:1:, "{'ff:,
application and non-application. ,:q~f~tjfc, I

3fTo 3fll];l:'cll'- ~ . \J["c1", 3!fi';i,
"-~~·&rs~·~·i~·'l!'\1 '\~'!Jil.·~·ci~°i'~'\I cf11, '"'1", 'T-t!, ffl Tim ffl I
ii·'\~'!Jil.'~ '!J~°i-~'\ 1 <,iC::'5J'C!'!j°i'~5J~' Eight particles- Earth, water,
fire, wind, fonn, smell, odour
~-~-!J~°i-~'\I o.~-~~ 1c::·.l,;·1J·o.99·'J1 and.tangible object.
£i·9cJ:f·IJI .S,~z,IJ!j'l]~'0.99 i "]'!J'!,"l'IJ!'\1 a· !Ja.· i 9·IJ 11_"l f .,·!Ja..
1J!j9~·ii°i·~ ·0.99''-lf °i5J'5Jf"~II i"]'!J11_"1 I °i'C!il.' i "]'CJ 11,"l I 0.£'!Jil.. i llj'
3n<1 31 'tl. Mi_ d\\l 'if:- ~- <:!1!_"11 ii· i ll]'<l''\C::'O.S"j'<Jil.· t"J'<:!1!_"11
c'fi1:fdl, ~ . 3,oQT-
t9''-l''\C::' ,l"l'!Jil.' t 9'1J1!_"l I 0.\ '\''J'!Jt"I'
~m. ti$11~.-;'11f.i;,/it1:,
~ : , !.I fc, fi c"li If-1 {It[:, 3Nfi'r- ~~ ~
JC::'5.l'\'\''JO.' i ll]'IJ ~"ll

,-i c"li If-1,Jtr: , 311 cfi I~ i 'i'f I
3llo 31 'tl. Mi_ cf erit- <'g ~ Ic1 WT <!51 '\"1"-'!Jil.. t 9 'IJ ~"l 'ar11
crm, 31cg~1c1 WT <!51 crm. <'lC.'°il
31 <4 1clt a WT <!51 crm,
,-i$11~<';'11-f.rw:r. ~ . 1lfi'r- a·1Jil.·i9·ci11_<>J1 -,·!Jil.'t9'1J~"II °i'
fic"li If.1,1t1. 31 !.I Fc, xi·c"li If-1 {11c< Tim 1Jil.·i9·1J~"ll o.£·ciil.·i9·1J11_<>11 £1·
311cfil~I I
Eight uncompounded pheno- t9·r.:·1c.·o.s1·r.:il.· ii:ri·IJ~"l I i9·<J·1c::·
mena- Thatness of virtuous
344
Set of Eight
9"l'Q'2.' i "r''l1!_"ll "-'\'\''f"lil'"l':))"-' 'l '\' 3Tlo ]l'if>R ~=~ - 'GP[ "c/JT
~ <ll, ~ "c/JT ~:'i'.ll, '11T "c/JT
r.iq· i "l'"l1!_"l\ SJ\"-'il\'l"l"-'olil\'<lq'':1"-'
~:<ll, 'P:! "c/JT ~:'i'.ll, 31 Rl ll "1 '1l "fi'
cf 'i!' i "l'"l 1!_"l',::i.;o,·~ll fi'lc1'1 m,r "c/JT ~:<ll, Rlll"1'11 "fl'
3Jc,flT m,r "c/JT ~:'i'.lf, ~
"1"-'il\1 c/'1 "c/JT 31 ~ l:l oI fcnil iJlFt G"'I' 1ft
!!]<;'Qq' i"l'"l1!_"l 1 a;,,::iq· i"l'"l1!_"lj 'ITT'<1" rf m,r "c/JT ~ 'i'.ll 1;cf ~
1lRl fc1 ~ 'l I '1 c/'1 cBT xf<'!ITT ffl
z::i'.jjo,·r.ia· i"l'"l1!_"l I (SJ·r.ia· i"l·z::i1!_QJ I i\ ~:<Sf I
"llT
""'.'\"1"-·a)'\.r.ia. i "l·i::i 1!."l l "l'\"l 'QJ' "l~\
'GP[ "c/JT ~:'i',lf, ~ "c/JT ~:'i'.ll, '11T
<I'S'\'r.iq·i "l' i: i 1!.QJ 1 "l'iil\'"l"."l~\§"-. "c/JT ~:<ll, 'P:! "c/JT ~:'i'.ll, 31 Rl ll "1'11
z::iq· i"l· z::i 1!_"l I I '\'"l5J'';!'"1%"1·~.,."lil\.,. "fl' fi'l c11 m,r "c/JT ~:'i',lf, Rl ll "1 '11.
"fl' 3Jc,flT m,r "c/JT ~:'i'.ll, ~
~ ~
<1'2.' i"l'"l1!_"l'QJ l1 c/'1 "c/JT 31 ~ l:l OI fcnil "1Ff G"'I' 1ft

'ITT'<1" rf m,r "c/JT ~:<Sf 1;cf 'l'ffilq i\
3llc't ~:~: {1,:!; till I o 11 '{ q,i,T vfTll' ill tjf'i'j ~.£TI "c/JT
31tc.~EI ~:~)- "11fa5,:<Sf'!, ~:<Sf I
\il,1c::m
3 ,, ~ : m,, 'l,01c::m
"""-111'-1~ 3 ,,
31Rl llfl IJ.l lll 115,:<Sf'!, fll ll fc1 lll •1- ~:<lf, \3t111<115,:<'.51', ftitl<'RI
~:<Sf'!, ll c; y"j tU ll I q ii l:l 'l Io11 rf ~ <'.51', fq q Ifl 15, <'.51', 31 «l I<1--51, ll-
' q=w~'l=5.:'i'.lf
~:<'.51', 311 <"fl' q i!5 'l «,;;:<'.51', =q,""I
WIB <1 c; f11 ~:<Sf'!, «l <H'9.·i:
,a-i 15,1:i'/>>15.:'i'.ll 'El I 1;cf "tlifq~ c/J "11 <:fl ll R1 g l'1 5.: <'.51' I
qf Eight kinds of suffering-
"11 fa s;:<Sf'!, "1 '11 s;:<Sf'!, ~ -
old age, suffering of sickness,
~:<Sf'!, 'l'1"1«.;.:<Sf'!, 31Rlllfi~lll•l- suffering of death, suffering of
~:<Sf'!, Rl1.1R11.11 1 1«.;.:<Sf'!, llc;ci'l- association with disliked one,
'1.ITTIT q ii ~ 'l I o ~ rf <'flm <1 c; fq suffering of separation from the
~:<Sf'!, 'l'f~ q51t1«1>~:<Si 'El I liked one, suffering of not
getting what one wishes and
~:<Sf'!, ('Jtlll<115,:<Sf'!, ftill<'Rl- suffering of difficulty of
guarding what one possesses.
~:<Sf'!, fq q Ifl 15,:'i'.lf"[, 31,-ct I<1--51, ll- OR
~:<Sf'!, 311 <"l'I q w'l 5,:<Sf'!, 1:RTY- Suffering of birth, suffering of
~:<Sf'!, tllf-qlil c/J"1 l11"ill fc1 i, 1,1- old age, suffering of sickness,
~:<ll 'El I suffering of death, suffering of
345
Set of Eight
association with disliked one, Eight classes of spirit- God,

suffering of separation from the serpent (naga), yak~a, smell-
liked one, suffering of not eater (gandharva), demi-god,
getting what one wishes and mystical bird (garU<,la), probable
briefly saying, briefly saying the human being (kinnara) and
suffering of the five compulsive python (mahoraga).
acquired aggregates. OR
OR Lord of life force, demon
Suffering of cold, suffering of (Mamo), Lord of Death, evil
heat, suffering of hunger, spirit (Mara), yaksa, malignant
suffering of thirst, suffering of spirit, warcgod and non-human
lacking freedom, suffering of being.
harming oneself, suffering of
~111·11,;'Q!'\l II] ~II] '>l ""°'i "II] ~II] '>l "or '.l/"Cl~'
being harmed by others and
suffering of abiding with one ~aJ·11,; I llj~l!j'>l 3J '\"111~111 '>l'"-1' '.l/'CI~" ~ill"
behaviour.
.."' I i l!j"l.J~'~oJ'II>; I il\"l'oJf '-l."oJll/'.\"UJOJ"
§'<>Ji'\·~· ~oJ' .."' I ~oJ-~ 'Ol"oJ~"'·UJOJJ
oJi '\·~·~oJ·..,; I %·u.Jc;·a:i '\"'-l~·§·oJi'\·~·
U,J1;;"il ~oJ· ..,;1 "'1·~'>l-a:i'\·"'1·~~-a:i'\·£l"i· ~-
~ll]-"'\11]oJ'.:i"I 9ii"i-~I ")'\I II]~'\· §.oJ i '\' ~A111·~,;I "'1·~ 'Ol' '\ c;.a;,,_·CI'
g"il '\ijl '\!!1"'/ll "'~c;-l'.r<1,-s'Ol·~11 "'~9·'-J~· ~oJ·~,;·<i,-s'Ol· ~I I
3Ttic ~:- ~:, 'lT'T:, <l"!ff:, 3PScl nPITIITT:- '"'11 "'q Ifill
1"pc[cf:, 31W:, ~=. Ri,...-J,:, q~11fa ~ fu>n!ff:, ~ "'q1fil1
'
•H,l'i'l~tl I q~11fa ~ fu>n!ff:, ~: fcrnai
qf (~: ~ c/?1£11 ~ -
~:, 'llQc/?1, 11l-Jl'flc/?:, '11'"18 Rl!'\,fa), 3llc/?1~111"11111
"l'J"R:, <J"lff:, <.\l<;c/?:, ,(OJ~ cl:, <'11 fc1 'lla{:, fc1 $11111 'fll I11 <'11 fc1 'l)ai:,
3ll-JJjq~tJ I 311 fci; tl .--ll 111 <'1 '1 fc1 'll !ff , ~ cl fi $11-
3Ttic ~ - ~cl<'11, 'lT'T, <l"!ff, 1"pc[cf, 1 Ifi $1111 <'11 fc1 'll!ff:, fi $11 c1 c; f{l d-
3JW, ~. Ri,...-J, "<'1"211 l-J!'\lx•I I ~!ITT"'i'I I
<l"T 3TTo Y<lil"x ~ nPIT!ff- '"'11 ~
~ . l-J IQc/?1, 11l-Jl'flc/?, "l'!"R, c!JT ~'!!l'i cfTc'IT fu>n!ff, ~ ~
<l"!ff, i's/ <;c/?, "'i"UT- ~ cl <'11 "<'1"211 c!JT ~ '!!I 'i cfTc'IT fu>n!ff, ~ fcrnai,
3ll-JJjq I 31 lc/? I~I I1°'11111 d 1 f<l'lllff, fc1 $1111
346
Set of Eight
'1 "414 rl '1 fi1 '11 al 311 fc14 'iF-4 14 rl '1 of effort, cogmt1ve power of
fci:.i\a,, -1 c1 fi $11'11fi $114<1'1 111&1 ru mindfulness, cognitive power of
cr:m xi$1 lcl .-; '1 IR ,?it1fi111'1a, I meditative stabilization,
Eight types of liberation- cognitive power of wisdom, the
Liberation of the embodied cognitive power of knowing all
looking at a form, liberation of that is unknown, the cognitive
the formless looking at a form. power of knowing all and the
liberation through the beautiful cognitive power of that which
form, liberation of infinite has the knowledge of knowing
space, liberation of infinite all.
consciousness, liberation of ~&1·'\S·1:1t'\l ~&1·'\s·'\i-·?.i"fif~&1· ( d\"<lf
nothingness. liberation of
absorption of that which is '11~ ~-r;i·~~··,:r~·l:Jf 'lj~i!J"r;J"rt;;I'\'~ l 'l'"i"
~ ~
neither with discrimination or

non-discrimination and libera- r;J"'\~~-i'\l ~-r;i·~i_-~"~l ~'lj"<J"
tion of cessation of discrimi- I:\!)~·~ l 'l~d\"r;J"~d\"'ljd\~ l l:J $'\""I l:\Q'\"
nation and feeling,
~itff
~5flJ'-'iil''\CI'-·?f1:1!'\ j '\'\' r;i/l,, '\Cl'-,qf
.,,... c,,, ....,.., ~ Y. 3f!cl fc'l 1-J <tt1 ,i :- R~ ~I : (<m1"1),
'lgd\'"'~~'~''\'l'-'r;i l Sd\'<1•-<''\'l'-'" l q;l"f, <'I>~ oI"I, fl A,l c; H 1-l, 31 q 1.-; H 1-l,
' ' '
~ <;'?. 'l:\~d\'~''\'l<;'ql ~ ~"",1:J"~''\'l<;'ql ~«1=1+<f'1"'q=tj='1rn'\ ({ilq'l':f:), ~ :
( ~ ) . 3111-J~Oj ( ~ )
al'~ ~'r;J'':ld\ '~ ~' r;ill, ''\'l'-'?.i"f ':Id\'~~'r;i/l,. i!ft'r I
'\'l<; '?.i"i ':!d\'~ ~ 'r;J' ~'r;i/l,. '\'l<;'~ll ™ f.'11-Jfc'l'dll I R~~I (<m1"1),
q;l"f, ~ . flA.li;l'1, 31Yli;l'1,
3flic't cl<1.-;1f.l~~lllflll- ~ - «llr1ci'il'1 ("fl"Rr.q), ~ c l
f.'i': 41-l'' 4) 4f.'i': 41-l'' ffi d'i f.'i': 41-l'
' t '
( ~ ) Til!IT 3111-J~OI I
~ . ~,,,'lf.'i':ll"[. 31'11$11- Eight cases in Tibetan Gram-
a11 $11 f'-11 '1'1 f.'i': 4 '1., 311 ;,, f.'i': 4 '1., mar- Nominative case, accusa-
~,:,,.., . ~
3ll$11rllc(lkll <a1<:1 I tive case, instrumental case,
3lTo cl <l .-; If.! <f> ~"lf- ~ ~ f.'i': 4, dative case, ablative case,
ql i1 f.'i': ll, '"i d'i f.'i': ll, ~ , possessive case, locative case
~ $11' "'"'
k ll, 31'1 I$11 rl 1-l $1 lf'-11'11 " k pc, 4. and vocative case.
311 $1 f.'i': 4 1fc[ 311 $11 rl Iil'i f.'i': 4 I
~5fila.,·s·<Qa.,·i;a.,·1:1t'\l ~-~i;·l:Ji fl"~'11-
Five trans-wordly purified
cognitive powers- Cognitive ~.,·~&1-l'1j~·r;i1 ~'11~-~..-~&1".l'lj~"r;J l
power of faith, cognitive power
347
Set of Eight
'\t:1 "-'§"1. ~a:,.~<J'<E'I]"l'" I iq· t:1!0:,." I fc1 $11 '1, 'l 1'1 fc1 $11 '1, fcrc'I te fc1 $11 ~
d'l1:fl 311 C'l 11 Fc1 $11 '1 I
'\t:1i:_·i.<:I"-. !!l'l]"l'" I ~ "l'". ell a:, '"I { <:i"l' Eight types of consciousness-
'\"-' ~a:,·"~11 Eye consciousness, ear cons-
. .
c1ousness, nose consciousness,
>ii oe. f<l q : filq1<1>•J.O'f: (itq1fch tongue consc10usness, body
1J.Uf:)- <;lQ\Uteq'J, _., ' ' \:lm>JqU\:, consciousness, mental cons-
~'<J~,1~"-1-~-,"'11~,,i-'i, ~'ij~f1-1-q~;.;'j""~=qrn,:j~'\. c10usness, afflicted menatal
'ij~I«;:, <1C'lcll'11 '<"icl 0 1 !.lffl~:, consciousness and foundational
9,xi ~ <'i:1 '\. <1 C'l qf'ci ilfu I consciousness.
3T@ l,I I'< cfi "'fil>-rq~Iq,=-1.!,Uf-
~"l'Q,S"-'al'a:,·il '\'"lit;'\'<:I$'\I ,r @'i ·1~·1
<;l Q\':1, '3m'l "M. '(j,'1il-'1"i m,
'<JXi"-1~ ~~q,:\, f1R1cJi. ~ . <J'!'il ~CJ"l'~'!'il <JfQ,'Q,w,\·~~I
<1 C'l ~ 11 <'11 c/, ~ ti !.I ffl <i. "ITT'n,
~Ql'Q,5"-'<Ja.· !'iI ~ "l'"-CJ'~· !'iI 3lfl"'
T'1f "ITT"IT d'l1:fl <1 C'l cl Ii "ITT"IT I
Eight ripening results- Longe- Q,*a,JQ,'!'il "]~"l'il'\'~'@'\'\11
vity, excellent complexion,
excellent fainily, excellent ~ 31:!ct1~11)•1a.=,11fcl1 ~-
power, noble words, fainiliar as 1'1..-:l'\. 'l Ic)_ci "cl'\, \Cl Y Ill (1.-;j 'j,
powerful one, being male and -s I qi 1'1..-:l 'l,' Ill fi'I '11 l'1 ..-:l 'l' , !.I $11 (1 ~ ~,'
possessing power. ~;s~1Fcl,~~~a~.:-:i""""'l, 31&11a.=,i ilfu1
~iSl'~~·liq~·t:1$'\ ! £i iq·~.~<J· ""-'~"l'" I

31:J.ro~ wr cfi 3T@ ~ - ~ -
(f..-:l, 'l Ic)_1'1..-:l, '3 q 1111'1..-:l, ;gfcfj-
~.<:la..~<J' ""-'~ "l '" I ,ia.·~<J'"l". ~"l'"lf (f..-:l, Ill fi'l -11 1'1..-:l , ll "11 (1.-;j'
-s IFcl, .-i'I 1'1..-:l d'l1:fl 31 &11 c1 "cl I
~a·~<J'""-'~"l·" 1 ':;\"l'~· ~<J' ""-·~ "l'" I Eight highest cohesive tantra-
~.:,·ell'\·~·~<J'"l".'
Father tantra, mother tantra,
ell '\'~'~<J'"l"s'~ ~'"!
tantra of method, tantra of
. daka,
.
~ "l '" I 10:,·iq ~a.~<J'""-'~ "l'"l' <:i~"l·ilr11 yoginr tantra, wisdom tantra,
tantra of dakin1 and non-dual
3Tlc fil $11 '1 If.'I Wtlfc1 $11 '1 '\. tantra.
m ?I fc1 $11 '1 'l,
'
'11 ffl qi Ifc1 $11'1 'l,
'
1 "$1=1~'1~'l. qi 111 fc1 $1 l'1 'l, 'IFIT-
+-'ftl"""".e:~; i. .+fc1°' 'iqQ,·i·i:t~'\l •i\<1a.')<J·!:!1 1"-'~"l·ia:,·ll'r
'< ' '
fc1 $11'1 '\, fcrc'I te fc1 $11 '1 '\. 3'!TC'l'"ll- 1"-'~"lf <Ji '<:i'~<J'<J".''l]iiq"l·"11 a;~·
Fc1 $11 '1 ilfu I
3T@ filiil 1'1- "'q1:).fc1$1 H, m ?lfcl $11 '1,
'i!!l'Qf ~'\''\""l'il'\f ~·t~'\l \l~~·
'11 R:J qi Ifc1 $11 '1, ft1 i'i_<l Ifc1 $11 '1, cfJ1'"11- ilr11
348
Set of Eight
<IJC."~\ Eight heroes ( eight heroic

deities)- Khai:idakapala, Maha-
~·';1'~1 °(l,;<>1·<1'ii"i 1 '\<10.·i:f<i"i·<r1
kankala, Kankala, Vikata-
°(li·~e::'\1 ~'(i.iic::<r1 °(l~'\I dai:i\tra, SuravairI, Amitabha,
Vajraprabha and Vajradeha.
"'~"l"'·s'\' ~ "i·<r1 ..i9·.:i·c.'ic·{·n
OR
UJC."~\ AJ\kuraka, Vajraja\ila, Maha-
vira, Vajrahumkara, Suvajra,
{c."-·,f-~1 ~"i'~"i·~·i1 ~·~fu"il "i~'
Vajraprabha, Mahabhairava and
~f/,_·~c·?S'1 '\<1<>1·~·~·11 <l.')'"l"''~ Virupak~a.
'\C.C'§"l ~~·q,;·~c·~E'.'\1 ~'t_·~~"-· OR
Mahabala, Ratnavajra, Haya-
'\<l~ll griva, Akasagarbha, Sriheruka,
Padmanartesvara, Vairocana
3Pcl <Im:- <£l0,sc/,ql(,1:,
and Vajrasattva.
/Ji; lc/5</51 <'1 :, fc1 c/5 c'. c;' 'S; :.
-ljxl~~. Jc·i.1'l:"'~·s'\·i.~'\l '\'\'<11 i·~"'l f<>1·
q(il~i;~il I
<'IT i.1 ~"i'~l;,"-1 ~~'<11 ~"-'Q~"il ~~"''
0
31cg,c/5:, q(ilvJl?<'i:, 'ii;lq!x:, <11 QljC'{~"-'Qii"-'~11
~
q\Jl~cf')J~:. -ljtj(il:, q (ii !,l'f:,

~:.~1 3llci tiM>1,1:- ~ . ¥l,: ("l'fcr:),
dll'-11'1:, !,l'(,lf&[:, ~ : , f11J.lvl'<l'j,
0
'ii;lcii<'f:, ,Mq(il:, 6'-1!llc1:, '311'aTI' 'ilfu I
il c'F-1 I,
311c/51~1'1'lf:, 'ITT8~c/5:, qc;i.-Jil~ci,:, 3llo tiM>"- ~. ¥&', dll'-11'1,
~,iil.-J:, '1\Jlf1wi~il I !.l'(il!'&f, ~. f11J.lvl'<l, il<'l.-JI
lITo 'ifR- <El o ;g c/5 q I<'1, '1 i', IcB c/J I<'1,
<1~ '311'aTI' I
c/J c/J I<'1, fc1 c/J c'. c;' 'S;, '\f! I ~ ~, The eight connective actions-
affeRn,:r, q(il\.l'lf ~ q\Jl ~i; I
Fatih, intelligence, exertion,
<'IT
31cg,c/J, q(ilvJl?<'i, pliancy, mindfulness, altemess,
volition and equanimity.
q (ii itc/J "' ,(j'1 (ii' q (ii !.l'f,
~ fc1 ""q laf I t"l·r;i~·,~·cq~·lj~'Q~'\l "l~l ~1 ~c·1
<'IT
IJi;lol<'i, ,Mc1(il, i;llifl cl,
~
~"'1 (i:f1 ~'\'Q~"ll ~~·~"ii ~,;·

311c/J1~1•1'1f. mil~c/5. qc;i.-Jil~ci,,
"~11
~ {I ii '1 ~ cl (ii f1 wl I
349
Set of Eight
f.'! ii foI I ~ 'fll 3llicl 1];11ff: - nowhere, free from being either
31"1t1"R:. ~:. ~ - "il>l<'[:. x<fl'ITq:. inherently one or many by
~ . fc1q1<t,:, i:rrai~ilfa I nature and free from elaboration
f.'! ii fuI I~ *
3lTo 1];Uf- 31"lt1"R,
~ ITT!, "il>l<'I, x<fl1Tcl, ~ -
upon the grasping at signs.
<l.'4-'l]"'l'"l!l'"'lol\'"l'l]'CI!'i\ <!Jc;· l 9· <la' lQ'.
fc1 q I<t, c!<m +ITai I
Eight characteristics of an <!Jt;''i'l]'"l"-'l'j " 9 UJ,·
"~9·<11 UJc;''i'IJ'"l":c;
emanation body- Basis, cause,
field, time, nature, inducement, 19-r;a·"l o.i·~·... 11r.i.1 UJc;·19·qa·r.i.l·Qi
maturation and liberation. UJc;·19·qa· f"l·c:i 1 UJc;·19·r;a·~ol\·~ 1
f•rr;zt·5111<1.'<lt'il ~·i:i·il'i'"l c,,99·r;· ci.ic;·19·r;a·~ c;·?. ·r.i.~ol\·~11
il'i'"l !\'IJ'"a.....11"'·1c;·s"l·i:ii a;1·r;a· .,,.fu.
<'~·.
5J 11 "-''ic;'S"l'<lf ll]c;·~·c,,sj'·i:i·il1'"I 9c;· '(, 1-lj c/) ,i c/)""'.. fl 1-ll cjj c!fi!l,
' ' '
*11-ll cjj cjj 1-1 I"1 :. *11-ll cjj 31Nflc!:'
' '
"i•.riic;. i:i·il 'i." I "-c;.i:i~"i -~ l!,I' 9i9.'i c;.~- _'H_l-ll_C/l_ Ci1 Ill I'i:, fl 1-ll <t, =-f?r:,
' ' '<"'
51·9c;· ~c;.'ic;. S"l. t:1 l i!,Ja,ol\. 5J"-'"-~ol\. r;a. fl 1-ll <t, fl '11 fi1 ~ ii fa I
'
3ITlf 31~....~i+flh-1c1,= 1lflf- fl ~ ~
N l!,I' CJ' 'ic;. S"l. Q' Q il"'I '~·r,i.'i.""'.'i c;. ~ol\. ~ - fl 1-ll cfi ti cjj c,q. fl 1-ll cfi ~-
fl 1-ll cfi cjj '1 !'f1 . fl 1-ll ~ 31Nflc!,
qi{ll
fl 1-ll ~ cl.111111-1, fl 1-ll cfi ~ ~
3llicl Ylµ( 'ii I'ii I=- 31 j<41 c;:. *11-ll <t, ,i '11 fi:r I
'
3lf.'Rm:, 31~11~'1<1:, 31ji'UC::, Eight fold noble paths- Right
31f.'l,f1-1:. 31'11'1'1:, ~= ~cl: view, right thought, right
'il~<t,lcl: cfT, <'faiDl{llt',fl-1 J;l1:B'l'q- speech, right action, right
' livelihood, right effort, right
,: [%a ~ii fa I
gq-,,
3lf.'Rm.
*
3T@ 3T'il"- 31j<41C:,
31~11~'1<1, 31ji'UC:.
mindfulness and
meditative stabilization.
right
31f.'l,f1-1. 31'11'1'1, ~ : ., ~1·il1·~·Jol\'Cl!'il r.i.~\a;9"'1·:i·c:i1 ~~·

10ITTcl 3ITT ., 3ffclncl ~
<'lei oI tl Ig ~ ,r:rq -;:'r -;:fta- I \9'"'111 ol"-''11':i·c:ii 'ri'J''it;'~"i'9~\01 ·
Eight . extremes of elaboration- .i·io.i·qt !''IJ'"l'SJ't:1tc:i1 ~-~9· 01·.i·
Absence of production, absence
of cessation, extreme of si!,)l!,1'<11 a;9o.i·q·9"\ol\'"l'f1·<Jt c:i9·~\
eternalism, extreme of nihilism,
qi{ll
going nowhere, coming from
350
Set of Eight
B1"1011 '{ 3Tlcl Gf!,ff:- 31 R1, I fl'I <Cl'\, Eight Bodhisattvas- Mititreya,
~til.1 \ <jct I, 'l IC'i-1 ti'j, i:mn° fqai Akasgarbha, Samantabhadra,
c1 RG:i ~ mi'! 31 '1 Ic: ,: , Gfc'i mi'! Vajrapai;ii, Maiijusrf, Sarvanfva-
31 '1 Ic; , :, ~i '"'11 '1 mi'f l'ffft rai;iavi~kainbhf, K~itigarbha and
"lJcf'1TSl'fTc[:, q, 'j,'6 qoI fH, cl Ix-1:, Gagangaiija.
QIJIC:~ilR1 I s,;·ij<:i'~i51gi''i"'C1.'i5i·lf,:i~'il '1.1\3.!''i"'~ I
FH ,ff -<t 3T@ "<';Tff- 3l R1 xl' I, .,.
~"'1f <jct I, 1-Jlf{il\, lffifT-fqm ~
" .,.
al''lC!.''1.'\! "i'-'L1'!1:;"J i L1''J' 3.!gi.iS')'~3.!'
ij
ilR,a1 m mi'! 31'11C:'1. qfc, m "'"'il~'L11 "i"'"flCI.'11('\ I OlQ,'~,;·?.f1

>ITT'! 3l '11 c; , , fF'ct I'1 c/5 mi'! l'ffft
"l]q'1T '1 '~ '11, 3R1" c/5 "xi121" ~'11-.:i'\1 !,l°i''l'l<:.'(-11
,i i5 c1 1fl c1,, '11 nm JP,R 1
Eight faults of women-

UJl;'°il
Excessive desire, jealousy, ~3.!0l'<JJ ;)~'1 'L1'll:;'?.i'J !l~''-"l''lj'll'lj"lj
excessive miserliness, being
disrespectful to one's parents ~llj-~-~ ~,
--- -- .... -
al''Jl"l'd;~'"'l ...,.....,..
al''Jl"l'/ij <"-
L1!
and elder ones, not sincere to
~3.!''J'-' 'l(l:;'3.!!(")' ~,;·li1 ,;~·~,;· ,rl:;'L1ql1
one's husband, not possessing
heart-warming love towards 3llc't 'l !l I ill~ fl «<II:- ~'>ft ,
one's children, indulging in tl-i;Q"[:, ~ : . fld..\)cNUlfclti/Jl'l-fi.
sexual affairs with others and '1'1'1'1"1'., ~:. 3f'l"Q:,
unconscientious. t),<:1lt1'1~ilR1 I
S"'ij<:r~llgi''i"'C!.'Q~'il ~11~'"'1 "i"' <IT
fu:, ~ : . ;,ici"11Rl,c'l~c1,:,
111'1a,-~,;·?.f1 ;)°i'1't1'l<:.'?.i'I '''l'"i'{l! cl"141fu1:, 'li51'lR1:, ~ll'f1'lR1:,
l\l\11·'i"'~-'i~,; "l ! i L1'tJ' ~
11~· "'iA11·"'"'
3T@
~~ltl'i'll-T:, 3l411.lv1i5~ilR1 I
'l!llil) ~fl«<I- ~'>ft.
il~'L11 ~-c!l· ~,;·?.f1 5i3.!'3.!f1l\'3.!(')·\·11 tl-i': Q''l:, '.J:<R. 'Ii d.--i"icJ, 01fcl ti/Jl'lit,
3Jfcl <1) ~fl·fill:- fu:, 31lc/,l~l- '1'1'1'1v1, ~. 3f'l"Q ~
\
'T4: ~ :
I '
cl"141ful: f
i:i.;,'>ft:
-:!,
I I
<IT
f1df.'ic1,01fcltq,l'l-fi, ~:,
1 1'1 1 1v1~'<1R1 I
1 1
ffl, ~ . oic1c./1Rl,c'l~cl,,
il"141ful. 'li51'lR1. ~ll'f1'lR1,
3lTo il1~fl-fcl fu, 311</,1~1'1°4,
~,1t1'1'11-T ~ 31411.lv1i5 I
~ . cl"141ful. ~'>ft. ffl-
Eight great Bodhisattvas- Mai\-
1"1 il, oIfcl ti/J l'lit, 1mf¥M <'fl1.TT
1111'1'1"1 I
jusrf, Candraprabha, Sudhana,
351
Set of Eight
Sarvanivaranaviskambhi, Gaga- 31 tefl'lEI: 311 <1>1,: '(iiq' 'if-

nagaiija, K~itigarbha Anagha ~ : , <fc!:. mcr:, 3rnffi:. ~:.
and Sulocana. q.ftrn:, '3~<1:, 31t1~'<1Fc'i I
OR 3TTo 'lcf>R ~ 311<1>1x ~ ~ -
Maitreya, Samantabhadra, Ava-
lokitesvara, Vajrapai:i.i, Maha-
~ - 'fc!, fflcf, 3rnffi, W<IT,
q,ft rn, \F<!T ~ aftiTI I
mati, Santamati, Vairocana-
Eight types of aspects and
garbha and Apayajaha.
forms- Square, round, even,
~
')CIC:. ;9·~·clfo11jo!i"Cl!')f
0
~O."')CIC:.'§9 uneven, long, short, high and

low.
9~c:.-~·1cic:.·§9 !'l9''-l"~"')<!C:."§9 .. t·
'!"'l'Qq'9~"-'f"Cl!'\1 'jll]C:."'l'9~"1 !IQ
O.~Ql·~· ')<!C:."§9 15i·~ ·a.?j°·qa.·1qc:.·§9
9~'-1 9"'lC:."9~'-1 ~<-·9~<-1 9~"
95il!,l·~·1<JC:."§9 %·a.~\~ 'j<lC:."§9 ii:f5i·
lj5i·~·1<JC:."§9"<1]1
31..-:fclEI: "~:- c/>lftii!>~ci,:,
-
~5i"!j"'lj 9~<-·9~"'l'!j"'ll
!j"'lj ~1<J"91j~ ',"<lil"'l" "'l~11
!'J9"'l"9~"
c11RJJ,~c1,:, ~~i!>~cl,:, ~ - 3l'tic 11~=- 311~1clf.1~.

i!>~cl,:, f14~~~cl,:, ,~l'i~cl,:, ~ : ' '.),tu f."I Fi) ' tl '1 f.1 ~ '
~21-iU~cl,:,. 'J"l~ci,~tlfc'I I 1tl (; f."I Fi): ' f@ f."I ~ ' Rl <i1 f.1 ~ '
3TTo 'l<l>R <nT " ~ - =c/>-rtflli''I cJ,acc~=c1=,, ~I
c11Rli!>~cl( ~~i!>~cl,, ~ - 3TTo 11~ f.m':rzj - 311 ~ Icl f.1 ~.
i!>~cl,, t14~~~ci,, ~l'i~cl,, ~ - '.),tu f.'! Fi), tl '1 f.1 ~..
~iJzj~c1x c!:m :J."1~c1x 1 1!l,(; c/>l ~I, f@f.'i Fi), fil rn f.'! Fi) TI1ll
fq c c/> f."I Fi) I
Eightfold Isvara (Glory)- Isvara
The eight hidden treasures-
of body, Isvara of speech,
Treasure of thought, profound
Isvara of mind, Isvara of
treasure, secret treasure,
miracle, Isvara of universal treasure of wealth, small
appearance, lsvara of place, treasure, dual treasures, treasure
Isvara of wish fulfilling and of mind and treasure of box.
lsvara of quality.
.sr?."'l'Qq'l!,l'<l'<l!'il \9 <I\ '\~\~!
,sci~·~·9a9"'l·ci111 ~-q~l ~1<J·li1 :f
a.~\<1J 9~'\I F"''iEl <t9"'l·r.i1 ,::
a)·q1 ~-a)·q·1<J·cll5i·r.i1 ~c:.·<11 !'JC:."<!\
!<>l) °a'£1<J'~11
1<J{'<J\ 'j1<J"."<Jo:'11
352
Set of Eight
3f:!, ll d''fP!
R1'1, ~ : . -a-m-
Fcli11x:, 4'1i.i;i,ll'1, f.rlrr. ~:. '1<1Hl"lj<Glc;~i-lfa I
'?f'T:, "lfl'l:, fc1 f?1 fib <'fl I ~ I 3ITo 3Hffl1f- ""Ref,, "ITT'f ~.
™ 31 'j,ll a "!FI
~ c/;i <'ll , f.r\rr, ~. '?f'T, cfTc'\ ~ cl d I), ~ c'll .-a "1 '1 q c;, $ f.'t; '-11
111"1. -a-m fc1 f?1 fib..-fl I I l'i fc1 et> <:'I d I (~ $ f.'t: ,:/\ ~ <J'ld"
Eight indefinite levels of "ITT'TI)' ~ -a-m ('[11Tf1Td" <ITT
thought- Investigation, i:iPl rf "ITT'lT I
analysis, regret, sleep, anger, Eight non-conducive factors
attachment, pride and doubt. (Denizens of hell, hugry ghosts,
animals, long-living gods,
11'11'<:l!'\1 l:lt;''3i'f.l.~QQ,'&l'&l'~~"ll ~·;,i· members of the border tribes,
Cl l °\. qa,.&I' &I'~~ "l j ~'&I's "l' qa, '&I'&I' incomplete sense powers, those
with erroneous views and those
~~~I ~sf~,-r~·a.i·a.i·~·r:i!·'i~I 1 born in a period where there is
no Buddha and the stupid.
31tef«'lEII G ~. G Ell=:fl-
These represent the eight
efRmit. G ~ . G strn- unfavourable conditons)- Birth
~ ~ 1
as a hell being, birth as an
™ m=:fl- c:'r
i;r"<t>R ~ animal, birth as a hungry ghost,
~.c:'r~.c:'r~ · birth as a long living god, birth
"QciGT~I as a barbarian, having
Eight types of nurses- Two incomplete sense faculties,
nurses who carry the child in holding wrong views and birth
her lap, two nurses who give the in a land where Buddha's
suck from their breasts, two doctrine does not flourish.
nurses for cleaning the child's
body and two nurses for playing
al·&1l,::·r:i~·i·r:it'\! ,,,.;,;i:;·~i:;·r:i1 lj';,;i:;·l
with the child. Clj 'ir:ii:;·?:f·~a.i~·q1 'll1''\'lt;'~&l"l'"ll
il·i1f&1·r.rr:it'\J 1~<>1·r:i·1i:;·1 &l·1~"ll ~1· ,l;'!l' Clj jr:i·~'i''it;'Cl'l"l'"ll al"!'~ "l'
r.i,sfl l~·~i:;·?:f1 ~<>1·&1~r.i,·r.i,pr:i1 'ir:ii:;· &1'3i'3i'"ll ~<>1·r.i,~"l·qi{II
q·;,i·.:5"i:;·r:i1 af~·q,;''1/''ll "lt; "l'~"l'34' 31c;~f.-i;i:,i ~ <1>1~011f.l-

'tl'i'<ci'l'1, 31faf.1ct>cM'(, ~ -
§<;'Cl'~'<:! !'i'\11 f.'t; ll 'j, 5,4<:'l "I 1'1 {~ f.'t; ll 'j, ¥"[-
31 lel <l!l'fUTT:- •Ncf>I: ' ~'. ' fa l\.5Jil: ~:. t11<'fdclf1ci'l'1, ~ .
~ t
c;ltligtfl
' -+-,-.
c,q1:,
' '
\klFd"1'14C:'j, ~~I
353
~: Set of Eight
<t>li(DI-
3T@ feeling, expressing perception
~ f.1c/Jc<11, ~ of Bhikku when the aspect of
~ '11.-J f1 f.'i; ~' ~ll+l other beings is shown, sleep,
~. ~ cl,T 3lT¥ man. being engaged in meditative
s* man
~ fclR:rr Tiw
absorption, drunkenness and
~~manl acting as a substitute.
Eight causes of invisibility- Very il·arc.·~·~a.-~9~·"t'\I .il·afc:·~-~l
far, very near, weak sense
faculty, weak mental faculty, "J1)"J'r.J'~'\l ~-~,;·{9~·r.i1 s·CJ-~CJ·r.ia·
subtle object, obstructive
factors, outshining factors and
ui-~~r sc.·~CJ-~'ol"JOlj ~~·r.iq·<4,;·a~1
confusing object .. ~~-... CJ·~-"1 ...-~~1 CJr~·"''gJ~-~-<4...·a~
~11
"-f,j,9~·r.i1 af,;·CJ~·91l,;·CJ1 "-SJ"CJ''lj"\~' an;cl 311.-;~h!<"'l 11)-;11fcll- ~ -
~. ~ "J' r.J' CJ '!j~'r.J' ~ ''\Ill'ic.·~.,,_~-~~-CJi\ '
'll?ili, '
flli<11•n?1li, !.l<"-l ~ 1H"1•noili,
'
' ' '
clg,l.11jGcll.-J'il?i'j, ~.
r.Jj 9~1·af9·r.i1 {Ol~''-1"-'~9~''-Jj ....
.-; 1.-i q 1-1 fi'l a 1• f'1 ?!li,• !.I;,, 1q 1-1fi'la 1-
<;CJ! ~a\~-~CJ·r.ii{n In-51 'j, q") l:\ q 1-1 fi1 a I' 11-.oi ,!)fi'r I
311.-;~f ~ 3llo "l'JT-;I- ~ -
31 i,11.-J ,flJ 3ftic <Ii Ii( o II f.'t-
TJT-51, xi'itllln-51, !,l,/.1tje-JUl'f'loJ,
'1 cti ii:l '1, ~- c1c;.-J~I
' clg<"-lljGcll.-J'n?i. ~.
311g,ii:l'j, 31·''-l'ldl.-Jl'j 311i/>l-/c;~\"1
c; 1.-i q 1-1fiia 1• rl-51, !.I;,, 1q1-1fi'la 1•r'loi
f.11'-,,-ffi $11 !.I c/J I~ 1.-J '1,' f.1 i; 1,-jj .-J ii:l '1,' TIW q"),:\q1,fi'l<11•ll?i I
~
*1'11 q&ll IffH«l 'j, '1 ct1 gx,q«J'j,

Eight mirror-like families-
,'11 H Iq °'1 «I "i!)fi'r I
Mirror-like wisdom, family of
31i,lltl N'l ~ 3llo <t>li(DI- 'lrn, sameness, family of discrimina-
~ fim'r, c1 c; .-JI "{'\ ~ . 31"0;!! tion, family of accomplishment,
' IRl ~'i cl,T 311 ii> 1-1 R'511 'i 1:f{" ~ family of bodhimind, family of
clft <l"$1T "c/JT cl.1 clf1 c/J , .-J I, f.'mT B perfection of giving, family of
~ %, {ililqf<'a B 311{:jj.-J, perfection of wisdom and
'1 ct1 gx, q TIW "{l!1 I.-J Iq °'1 !.I Ri f.1 ~ family of perfection of effort.
man1 '\"l~'r.Ja.·~·"t'\I ~9~·~·~1 CJ$1·r.Ja·oa1
Eight causes of ignorance-
Being infatuated, . : disturbed OJii"c.·CJa-~1 ~,;i·r.ia·~1 "-~\~9'l''f'
mind, being tormented by
354
Set of Eight
S<>l'<:Jll.' "- l ;!'-'CJ' "l'CJll.' "-l 'Ii\·~._. Tapana (Hot), Pratapana (Very
Hot) and Avici (Non-respite).
'-I ,;c:~"l·~·"-~ll
crrt=rrfu, fli'li['<:r~'~l!jl!l'<:r~'\l ~:11-~CJ'CJj ~a:,·~·ai·
~ 31El'Pi'l ll:- ·11~1,1-.,,
~. ~:, ~:, "1'Qis:,1\·~'\.i $"l'<Jj a.ii:'.a:,·a.iis a:,. $"l'<lj

~ : fclerr,~1si~.-iortn:
=q,=a>+1
"11\1'\1'1'1{'1' ,:;. ~..,'
l "-·Sl"l"-' ~-a.iaf1 ~· c:.a:,·3l \ a.it"1''\CJ"l j
~ : , !.!c'<1ct,~'if'1~-ilfa I
3f@ 31t!1l ,_f4- ~ . 3T'V'f- "lo) ,;·<:1~c:.·~·3l '\ l ;·'\;IC:.._. $"l'<Jj
1ifi'r, ~ . ~ . "~"i. ol "l"-' "1""' '~ll
1ifi'r, <'ftd Ifcl ' I 'l '11ifi'r,
([11:fT !.I -~et,~~ I 31lic't °4 'I ~ 'J,< <l :- ij,<i, ~ 11 c/'ll j f.'! ,
Eight grounds of the lower ~:.~:.
vehicle- Ground of the family, f11-\cis'lff1i *11 ' Iii :, 31 ~ f1 ct,1 en 'J .tj'j <I "1 :,
ground of the eighth, ground of 't),cl uj,i i:; fcl 'l QJ:, 't<1 <tl'1 ~, I "1:,
seeing, ground of lightness, 't),qR~f?ia-11'l~x1u1~-ilfa 1
ground free from desire, ground
of realizing deeds, ground of 3llo °4'1~ 11~- "l,<i," "'~l'""l<f=ll""jf.'1°,
Hearer (Sravaka) and ground of ~ - ~ ,
Solitary Realizer (Pratyeka- cpj~ fci",i I' Ix, 31~fl ct,1 en 'l~ ii I"1,
Buddha). 't),cl uj,i i:; fcl 'l Q1, «I ii tll ~ i/1 "1 cf211
'ljqR~f?ic1.-i1J.J~<1u1 I
~Ql·,ri;·Zi·i:r!l'\I <.\le:.'~'-! ~"l."i"l
Eight Medicine Buddhas-
<:1t"-'"-(""'I ,;;a_i'i'\ l !;;'"-i'J'\' ia:,·2i"1 Buddha Sakyamuni, Bhai~ajya-
guruvaidiiryaprabharaja, Abhij-
~'<:lj >;<:J';j'.F"lj a.ia:,,;·3)'\'\11 jyaraja, Dharmakfrtisagara,
3Jlcl 'l 5 1-'1 , cfi I :- xi "11 cl :, "i/Jlc1'-
Asokottamasriraja, Suvaq1abha-
dravimala, Svaragho~araja and
~ . fitlld:, 'fficr:, 'lt;l~~,cl:,
Suparikfrtitanamasrfraja.
(fq'"'1":, !.!a1q.-i:, 31ci1Ri~-ilfa I
. "
3f@ '151'1,cfi- xi"1lcl, ct,IQJ{i~. l!"i'ol "1l!l'~''4'\'tQi\'"1~'\ l 'iii "l' CJ'i a:,'<J,;' ~'\'
<1 tl I <1, 'fficr, 'lt; Iii~ ,cl, -,,--q.,,
CJ>;.'\~,;. "1 \ ;!c:.. ~"1' ol "11!·1' '\ CJ/\'CJ~<:j' CJ'
'1
!.I aIq c1'211 3lcfTfu I
Eight great realms of hell- ~"1 "-'"'\'~·~a:,·::i'"'~ •.:<:11 ~ "l 'CJ' ~"1"-' "'\.
Samjiva (Reviving), Kalasiitra
(Black Line), Samghata (Mass i1·a:, Ill'"l~\CJ>;."'~,;· "11 al' 3,'3l'\, CJ/\';!c:.,
Destruction, Raurava ( Crying),
~"1'~- ~ "1' ~"l l!l 'CJ>;'C\ ~ •.:<:11 "1 ~'\.3,"1 l!l'
Maharaurava (Great Crying),
355
Set of Eight
'\"'9'J'~'\'<I' Cl'</%,'('1,~%,'C:lf ~c:.~· !~'

tiia·j;r,'Q'3Ji'~·5')'i'£~''l~'\l ~\~t
~3J~'~'3J~~'r.J%,'('1,~%,'Clj iloi~·;s~·
i"l i·wi.·i·g;r,1
~3J ~· <i'\·"r ~~ ·"'".('1, ~ "· ci I
"'" { 9~· </%,'/'1..$C:.. !'Cl%,'"1.~ ". ci;,,'11
ij,,:5· oit ~· - - - ~·11'' 1
...,... .:.. .....
.; ~·oi.;9·9·
ci~\r.ill_·?'j""f
~~-
oi~c:.·"IOJ' ~· ;s ·; "I
{i5J'"li5J'~· lg"-1 ci-<.· .;'\·~ 1·r.ill_·lf"I

g~1~Rlct1)~1<:t'l 3ffc 31':!-
~ : - 'H511ll•·rnc1~1:, ti4isilf'a-
<)llJ·s·ar9·~ci·lf11
fii;-i1~1&nm: 3lPl,«:, *144141.-Ji 316c~Ef: 1l®m>T:- i:Jtl-j~-
f1 'f<:'1 '11 ~I:, 31 ifd 'I isi'I fc'1 'f<:'1 Fl !.l41'1:, ~·1a'tf!.l111•1:, 1:-11f.'a~-
\
3111,: Iq'1 'j, q R i+i a !!" ll <:'1111':,
31.,.,f"A,fi/:;,,i>=,~~ ,
!.l41'1:, 1-.l'l~ fd'i'J!~ !.l41'1:,
\ .,..,.I-,
c;,1~-
'ii 4<9,,i, !.l f1 Ic;:, f1 4 fi-fcl en C'<l Iu1'j, 'il'f~!.l4Jl I, 'l-J I<l '1 I'11' fig4!.l41' I:,
~~1;:1411 ~ti<ll~!.llfin~-ilRI I 311.-J "14'tf !.l41' I:, fcl!.l Ri q R\-1-
g~1~f<lct1)~1c; <ffr 3llo ~!.l 41' 11 Yl 61 "il'fu I
31:!,~lfil~- '1!:'1'11'"1 ,'j ~ 3llo gq,R -if} 1l®m>T- i3li'l-
qr,-n, ~ c!il ti•Hfl "fua-rr3ll ~ . ~·1c1,g4!.l41'1, mf.fr-
"cfiT 3lT'>Tll' N.-Jl, f1 '1 'ifl -qrq'f "cfiT ~. t1'1'irn'1'tf!.llll'I.
f1 'f<:'1 "'lTVf N.-Jl, 31 ifd, -.ilfi:r cfi c; ~f .-J '11 '\'tf !.l 4'1' I, ' 11 <1.-J l'il'f-
"'ic'I "cfiT 3111,'1R1a N.-Jl, 31qRf"la ~ . 311'1"1/J'tf!.llll'I fl~
S;"l q;) i;rrt?a", f1'1,f1 ~ "cfiT 31Y16illfclJ.lRiqfcaig4!.lll1'1 I
!,l f1 "i N.-Jl, '{-j '1 «-1 '1-f<lT "cfiT Eight topics that characterize
q, ("lj I u I N.-Jl 3i'tif ~ ~ the peak training- Peak
~ q;) i;rrf?a" I training at the heat level on the
The eight benefits of the path of preparation, peak
Wishing Bodhimind- One training at the peak level on the
enters into the Mahayana, one path of preparation, peak
becomes the foundation of all training at the forbearance level
the trainings that a Bodhisattva on the path of preparation, peak
has to observe, all sins are training in the supratnundane
eradicated, the seed of unsure- qualities level of the path of
passable enlightenment is preparation, peak training in the
planted, immeasurable merits path of seeing, peak training of
are accumulated, all Buddhas the path of meditation, peak
are delighted with him, one training in the uninterrupted
benefits all sentient beings and paths and wrong achievements
he quickly attains perfect to be eliminated.
Buddhahood.
356
Set of Eight
£'\5QJ''l!"il UJl;'illOJ\ ~9'3i9 'Ii«· of hearing, · accumulation of

calm abiding, accumulation of
il.(aJOJ\ 'o,'il.Q'\J 'o,'il.Q\i3j''lj $<:ii special insight, accumulation of
<-<:J'';j'$<:J\ aJ3i<-'il"i~II merits, accumulation of wisdom
. ~
and accumulation of great
316cl';j,6lll'l~cbl:- '!iuflq:, ct>lc"i'<'!;O!:, compassion.
fitJlt1:, ffl:, •H,1\!1,q:, a1R:,
c,.l'.,:ili·ui-s,·~"i·ar9"·q!"il q1 ~·<-90JJ
~<114'1:, 3lcf1fu~i1 I
3llo ~ ~ - ~ . cbl<'lf)_-51, '/jaJ\ ~l;'CJEl'\'~' (!CJOJJ '/jaJ'{9 <-aJ'
~t11d, ffl, •H,1\!1,q, a1R,
~ <'11 q 'l 'tll111 3lcfifu I
~OJI .r._·~OJ\ 9':j"-'8.;{11
Eight hot hells- Samjiva 316<: I ~UI I f.'t-
(Reviving), Kalasi.itra (Black ~ft q ul.J'i (~i<fcb'i), ct>fe~Otl:,
Line), Samghata (Mass YIC:ct>I, fqo;,;1c1,01'1, qfec:cbl
Destruction, Raurava (Crying), "
( ~ ) . '11"1'1ci,-'5l'i, 1Tc'.-
' '
Maharaurava ( Great Crying), tj '(-'5l '1 , ~ <1 cb c: ~ ii fa I
Tapana (Hot), Pratapana (Very '
Hot) and Avici (Non-respite or
™ uftf<'lt1-'3Yif>~UI . (ufl<l'l ~
~ \341.J) 11) \34if>~U1}- crcfl,
boundless).
11'tt, 41<:i,cbl. fqo,sltj'(OI, ffi,
i'~ill''l!"il j3i·::.ia:t9" 1 <'!!"l'~aJ«·~· t/1 ~ '-l I, 1Tc'.-qf'5! 'tll111 ~ 'cbT
~I
af90J1 ~OJ·::.ia:t90J1 ~·93i0J·~·af90JJ
Eight types of insignificant
'/l9'3J~,;·9 ·af90J I "..r'\'3iaJ"·~·af90JJ article of livelihood- Hat, belt,
shoes, cover of begging bowl,
ul'~OJ·~·af90J1 ~<ti3i·2J,'l:af90J·..f11 lace, towel, cover of bowl and
cloth bag.
3Jtcl
'!i"'ll~I:- ~ : . m-
~ :' = : ~~: ,
:!,'''' " ' •
aJ!(",'~3j''I!"il '\9"-' ~3i. 93i OJ'3i OJ."-.;: <:Jr.\.
Fclc:~!'lt1J.!1.JR:, ~ : . ™- aJ!("i·::.i 1 ~aJ'!' ~aJOJ''1:!'~90J·::.ir.\·aJl('\'<lJ
~ : . '1Slcbfi 011f1"'11,~-ilfa I ~ ~
3llo '!i"'ll~- C:1'1f1"'ITT', ~ .

G.<:] 'l/aJ OJ' <JC\. aJI(\ CJ I "'"' l§,;.QC\. aJI('\'
~ . ~~. Fclc;~l'1- CJ I "'.)'\. ~ 'CJtaJ·<11\·aJl(\<1 I aJ~3j'CJ"-'
~ . ~ . ~ 1Zcf I{9"'CJ"-'OJl;OJ' *OJ'CJr.\'aJE'.'\' CJ I ~OJ'"'f._.
Eight accumulations- Accumu- Q
~ ~
~,,_.CJ'\' aJ!(\ CJ 1 l~'1;3j 'QJ

~
OJ'"''\ OJ'""'.
lation of generosity, accumula- aJI(\ c,;{11
tion of morality, accumulation
357
Set of Eight
3fEc't .r=c-lllf.'1-
:!,~ '1~ afil!a1c1t1>1°1ii,
-...) '
. C:.""-Sl!,l"'lji\11,ll "i!!l''< &r~91!,l·Q1
ii11•1"1\ci;;t,'10l't, \JR, !,ll'Jftici't,
"i !!l" ";{Ill·"-Sl!,l"'l]i\ 11,l' ~11
'11,fl "<1 !,I '1 <'1'1 3@l f1 .../) f€i !,I I~:,
e),\tj;;t,!,lclct'1'l '~Rf.1c1\01q1f'<1~tj I 3fEc't !I RI q .-.J i: q, t'l ;im: <l-
~;i:c ~ ™ ~~ (C'llt'll)- ~ -mTI311 q "i !,I fa q "i cfi:, "WTI3'1N"'l-
~c1c11cfi x't 31c1a,a1, ii11•1'4 i\ q; c'I f;2l:, ,i c/i c; I' l'-ll '11 q "ic/i:,
m. "R. !,I l'I ftl t1 "ITT"fl. "J'.JR- f1 cfiC c; I' 11 fi'i q; c'I f;2l: (f1 cfiC c; 1111 f<I
G'1'1, ~ cJfr ~. q;c'l '1) , ' 31 '1 I' 11 fi'i'1 I q "icfi:, 3!'1T-
e1 4tj ;;i, q c1 ct .--i Til!lT qRf.1c1\01 cJfr •I Ifi'i q; c'I f;2l: (31 '11 1 11 fi'i q; c'i 't),
~I 31(!c;1q"i:, 31$({lic'I,~: (31$(-lJ;c'l'i)
Eight spiritual deeds of 'c! I
Buddha- Descent from Tusita ™ ,;rRJq.-.J ~ ~-
heaven, entering the womb of "WTI311 q "i !,I fa q "i cfi , "WTI3'1N"'l-
his mother, taking birth,
q; c'I f;2l' f1 cfii'; I• I1+<1'11 q"ic/i,
renunciation and ordina-tion as C
a monk, taming the hosts of f1 cfii';

c
1• 11fi'iq; c'I ,~. 31'11 1 11 Rldl-
mara-s, attaining the full q"icfi, 3l'11'11rlq;c'I,~. 31(!c;1qn1
enlightenment, turning the Til!lT 31 t! ({l, c'I f;2l I
Wheel of Dharma and passing Eight enterers and abiders-
into the state of peace (attaining
Enterer into the fruit of a
nirvai;ia).
stream-winner, abider into the
J!:ll,l'<l!"il 11,l\ ~! .slj ~z:::1 9~91!,ll ~1 fruit of a stream winner,
~1 ~9·5;{11 entrerer into the fruit of a once-
returner, abider into the fruit of
3fEc't ,;; c,Q I fil I ~ . 3TT'1:, ffij'[:'. a once-returner, entrerer into the
cfl":!:, ~ . <RT:' ffi:' f\.l 'c cl1 fruit of never-returner, abider
"'Afff I into the fruit of a never-returner,
"'l<f ~ &I I fil I
entrerer into the fruit of a foe-
cfl":!, 'WI, 'RT, ffi ~ f\.l 'c cl1 I
Eight principles- Earth, water, destroyer and abider into the
fire, form, sound, smell and fruit of a foe-destroyer.
tangible object.
'lJ"li\'"-~.._,q!'il (9·CJ1 ~'i-CJJ "-~~'QI
~lljl!,l''lji\ll,l'l:I!"i1 ~ii.~91!,l"~91!,l" CJ 1
9~"il "-\"i"<i;'ljl!,lj fC:."~1 C:,"~"lj l
~91!,l'"-Sl!,l'93il!,ll ~,._·i{c:,·~91!,l·CJJ
£&l'Q;sl!,l'~11
358
Set of Eight
3Ttcl 31:1,<ldl:- Fciacll:, Fciti1~:, "l'llj "\''I!'\I ,;,; '"1 ~"1"'' ;,;~.1·~ OIi. 'JON. .
qJj cjj< ,<l'i,• f4 .j'j '1,• -wr: ' ~ R1 E1:' ("I'~. "1 ~"1"' '~"''':,'"I' <J '1/ ~ C: '"1 ~"1 "''~.
'lR: ' Fci RI Fcl, ff1 I "1fcr I
311o 3t'!<lo- fcl <1 $, fcl <l I( '\"1',i"I· ~ "''"1~~·'JI "'"'."1~"1"'.~·1·~"'.
qJj iii i:'<1, f.'rl:T, "WT, ~ R1 E1 ' 'lR
(Im Fci RI Fcl, ct-1 1 1
'J"'. s·.:"I'~."1~"1"''~ ~·~ 'II'~ "''"1 ~"1"''
<J
Eightchangeablemental factors- ~ ·'\"1 'si"I ·~"' ·"1~~·'JI "'"'·"1 ~"1"' ·.i '\'
Investigations, analysis, regret, CJ,;·"- 1·~OIi' 'JON.i("I'1·llj~llj Oii ~,;·':,'"I'
sleep, desire, anger, pride and
<i 'II'~"'. "1 ~"1 "''~.'\"1';i"I. ~ "''"1~~.'JI "'"'.
doubt.
~<:1'51~,';(OIi'; '\''I!'\ f ~' <J'S!l:l'OJ\ '\lljllj ''J'
"l~"l"'·al '\' 'J"''"'1.~"'.CJ"'' s·.: Qj' ~.
"1 ~"1"'. ~ .:,·CJ'"I' <J 'II'~ C:'"1 ~"1"''~. '\ "1 ',i"I'
S!<J'OJ\ ~';'\'a'l'OJ\ i'ON'a'l'OJ\ ~Oll''J'
~"''"1~.:,·'JI "'"'·"1 ~"1 "''al'\· CJ,;·"'1·~ "'·'J'
a'l'OJ! ~SJON'<>l-','•'l'OJ\ "1;"'·{,;·si<i'OJJ
e<JON'~fON'a<J'~II
f€·.:,"'·s·.:"1·~·"1~"1 "'.! ~ ~"l'<l'II.~"'
"1 ~"1"' ·~ ''\ "1 ',i<,i ·~ "''"1~.:, CJ I "'"'
3flc •1Aft~1,pfa1:- ~:,
~:.~,~- "1 ~"1"''al'\· 'J "''"-1'~"' 'J'F'.:, OIi' s,("I'~'
.
q.[, ~ ' ~ - ~ : ,
"'
lJl"fl~~t-<H, <F'[, 'l'Jl'l-il~lq ~
IIFiii ~I "'1.
"1 ~"1"'' o),;.CJ'"I '<J 'II'~"'. "1~"1"''~.'\llj 'si"I'
<I I ~ "''"1~.:,·CJ I "'"'·"1 ~"1"' ·.i '\·CJ,;·"'1·~ "'' CJ'
3llo 1Aft~ El sf a I- ~ ;:;,.a:i,
1
~ ~ ' 'P'lfR ([:!lffi, ~

f€ ~ "'.s·.:"I'~·"1 ~"1"'.'\~"'·cr·"l ·<J 'II'~ c:·
q.[, ~ ~ ' 'P'lfR ~ ' "1~"1"''~·'\"1'si"I· ~ "''"1~.:,·'JI ,;,;·
~ 'IJ_"'-11, 1.1 (Im 'P'lfR 0 q 11.1-
i'/5~ ~ I"'1 I "1 ~"1"' ·al'\'CJ>;."'1.~ "'.CJ'f'.:, "'. s·.:"I'~.
Eight aspects of profound "1 ~"1 "'''\"1 "''CJ'"l'<J 'II'~"'. "1 ~"1 "''~.'\"1'si"I'
realities- Profound birth, pro-
found cessation, profound ~"'·"1~0:,· 4 ·~ <i~S\11
reality, profound phenomena,
profound awareness, profound 3f6c't ~'1-J <l I:- 31U1 I<"'1 '<'> q ,-i ,,n
experience, profound non- .rt%m "'q Ifill q~I.I f<1 q ~ ffi If-1
duality and profound skillful filf.l ~' 3WITT"l-
means. "'q,-i:,1"t .rt%m '(iiq1fil1 q~1.1Fa
'1 i5 c;_ • I <11 f-1, 31U1 I<"'1 '1 '<'> q fi :,1')
359
,
'
Set of Eight
"'41fil1 4~,ifa 4{1rn1f.'l, imagining oneself having a

3lUJ I<"l l-J"' 4 'ii "11 ~ "'4 I fil I form, one sees large external
4 ~ 1.1 fa l-J to q' I i-11 f.'! , 3lUl I<"l l-J "' 4- forms and overcomes them,
~ ~ "141fill 4~1.1fa imagining oneself lacking a
'i~ c1 If.'!, 3lUJ I<"l l-J"' 4'ii i!fl ~ form, one sees small external
"141fill 4~1.1fa 41<11f.'1, ~ - forms and overcomes them,
"14x-ii!fl ~ "14 I fill 4~1.1fa
imagining oneself lacking a
form, one sees large external
<'11 [% i-11 f.'!, 3l\c.4 I<"l l-J "'4 'ii "11 ~
forms and overcomes them,
"'4 Ifil I 4 ~ 1.1 fa 31 <'1 c; Ii-11 f.'! ilfcr I
imagining oneself lacking a
3ITo 'l"if>Tx qi a@rSJ <l- ffl q)1"
form, one sees external blue
wf) * ~ # Gil•jct,'( ~ * forms and overcomes them,
~ ~ cf)1" ~ l!El <1 s\; '3 f1 et, I imagining oneself Jacking a
3lfi'!,:rq cf5 '1 '11, ffl cf)1" wfl <fi form, one sees external yellow
~ # "11'1cf5{ ~ * ~ ~ forms and overcomes them,
cf)1" ~ l!El <1 s\; '3 f1 et, I 3lfi'!,:rq imagining oneself lacking a
cf5,'11, x<!<:i cf)1" m * ~ # form, one sees external red
"11'1cf5{ ~ * ~ ~ q)1" forms and overcomes them and
e l!El <1 s\; '3 f1 cf5 I 3lfi'!,:rq cf5 , '11, imagining oneself lacking a
x<!<:i cf)1" m * ~ # Gil'1cf5, form, one sees external white
~ * ~ ~ q)1" el!Ela s1; forms and overcomes them.
'3 ·H et, I 3lfi'!,:rq et, '1 '11, ffl cf)1"
m <fi ~ #
;fu;r ~ cf)1" e
Gil'1cf5, ~ *
l!El <1 s\; '3 f1 cf5 I
"]~Q,'Q~il <l'l!,l<::,l!,11 '1"'8.1 ,\'l'CII ~111·q1
£l111·~ilJ"I ~·111-0~1 ~·i!J1 ~~·<iq'll

3lfi'!,:rq cf5, '11, x<!<:i cf)1" m #
"11'1cf5, ~
e
* if@ ~ q)1"
l!El <1 s1; '3 +1 cf5 I 3lfi'!,:rq cf5 , '11,
3l>cl
;,rq:
2, '
1Jl;T:- wi,:,
lfllc'!: ' =:
~·~'
qtofllfa:, xW!,
'xfct: ' ~14t1,~t1 I
x<!<:i cf)1" m
~ * c'f@
*~
~ q)1"
#
e
Gil'1cf5,
l!Ela sl;
™ 1J5'- wi,, qsfll fa, "+ltl-J, ~£!,
lfllc'!, TI§, 'xfct c!l!:rl" ~ I
Eight planets- Friday, Thursday,
'3 +1 et, I 3lfi'!,:rq cf5, '11 cll!:rl" ffl
cf)1" m * ~ # Gil'1cf5, ~
e
<fi +1 '-B c; ~ cf)1" l!El <1 s\; '3 xi et, I
Monday, Wednesday, Tuesday,
Rahu, Sun and Saturday.
3lfi'!,:rq cf5 , '11 I Ulo3i'"l"J''l!i'~·t·i1 i!J<::,",'CII Cl~"l·~1

Eight surpassing concentra- "-"-"l'<ll u.Je:.·CJ1 'i"-1!,1'"11 111i~·~1
tions- Imagining oneself having
a form, one sees small external ilJ sl~'<l",'a)' Ill~~· "11 ~· CJ",''4~, Qq°ll
forms and overcomes them,
360
Set of Eight
310c ~Ej t<l I i; ':!,lffl ul cl'{- ~ . 31te~EII <11a-.::- ~.

~ ~Irl '1_, ='+r=
c/J I'l cl '1_, cl Y,i;<1 '1_, "(Jcll'[, il "I'; J.l'fT, fl x,:-q ifl. m. '.),~
cfi I,
'{!~'1_. c/JOcl'f),"-!l'l_, clC:x-lj"-!i "i'lfcr I C:lfu</51, J.IC:lfu</51, '{j.-c;{l ( ~ )
3ITo 1,1 ii> 1x ~ t<l Ii; ~<ffi q,.fi- "i'lfc[ I
'lY,'<. Wffi, c/Ji'lcl, 'clY,<CI. qq,
~ , cfi oa xj<!l Til1.IT cl <x'{j{!l I "lTffi il "I'; J.l>JT, J.l c; I fu cfi I, 3nm,
Water endowed with eight types '.),~</51, ~ . ~ . ~ .
of tastes- Sweet, cool, smooth, fl x,:-q dl "i'lfcr I
light, clear, clean, soothing to 3TTo '!li'fil"'<' <!ft' 'l Id I~- ~.
throat
stomach.
and beneficial to
\-.l't;J.l>JT, flx,?-qc1l, m. 'J~cl>I,
c; 1fu <!5 I, J.1 c; 1fu <!5 1 am 1.-c; {l m
<llii'"l"l'f'\"l'<lt'\l S]CJ'oll ~·oi/:l,·q'\'al"i ~I
1~·t:J1 i!i-i'<ll ~-ii )·CJ1 SCIJ! 1;!"1. "lTffi i1 at; J.l 'fT, J.l c; Ifu cl> I, 3nm,
~1:l.·f ·~i:ii·CJ.;~·~II '.),~cl>I, ~ . ~ . ~
am flx,?-qc111
3llc't ai•1<101f:- Ullll'lll:, xilrl4:,
clwclcl:, ~:. ittfi. If'!:, Eight types of mother- Vasun-
tffet':, ~ I dhara, Candraprabha, Sarasvafi,
3ITo 3Tl'f-cfl1f- Ullll'lll, Xild4, Arya, Guhyika, Dayika, Prada-
clwclcl, ~~. 41-.1"11, aji=rcl', yika and SundarI (Subhadra).
~ ' l ll Til1.IT ~ I OR
Eight secondary colours- Mother Candraprabha, Prada-
Shadowy, sunny, bright, dark, yika, Arya, Guhyika, Subhadra,
cloudy, smoky, dusty and misty. SankhadhiirinI, SridevI and
,ar,:it'\l ~".~"i."I .;i·q''\."l '\S~~·~· Saraswafi.
"11 "-"l'lj~'oll "1~'"1 i"i'"l ",CJ'!-i' 9eys'\·~·J-i·qt'\l {9·<11 "§'\·"11 CJ~·

"11 ol~~'olj <lj i111·,:i~QJI '1l'\·'l~I '1l'\·&i·Cl~I
~
'\~"!~·~,:i·<11 '\§"l~.'\§~·,:ir.i_ 11
lq~'"il
™~
'
3f!cl c;TIIT:- Fcla~: '
'!;!"1'.l!'q_\oi1 ",CJ'i"i'"11 "-"l'lj~'olj "'~· fi1 i1 Ix:, '\i@'l_, ~:<!ll'(, 'l 1'1 ffl cfi-
"11 ",CJ'CJ~~·oi1 )~·~·oi1 l&l''\"l"ll '{j{il '1_ (xfi'l '1fll '1_), 'l I'1 fflc1>5,:<!ll'(
(cfl4'1fll'1_), 311~cllfl:. J.l~cllfl~ilfi'I I
'\S~~·~·oiit11
361
Set of Eight
"ITT'f-if> 4 eel I 3Tio GT'f- hrasya, Jambiikasya, Ulukasya,

fc1 c1 cf\, f21illx. ~ . c;;:~.
•F1'<j&J. Grdhrasya and Kakasya.
'111-/ji'il, 3ll~cllf1 "cl":!TT ~~cll,i I OR
Eight faults of deception and Mleccha, Ha<;I<;ff, . Matangf,
cheat- Investigation, analysis, Tapi~I, VarvarI, Pukkasi, Bhilli
happiness, unhappiness, mental and SabarI.
happiness, mental unhappiness, ~·ifi°\·q·CJ!'\l -l'l"'°'·~·~c\:~·2f1 f ,;·~~·
inhalation and exhalation.
{\"l'-oi\!·~·2f1 ~l'.J'°\'"l°\oJ'~"l" ~·~ ~
,;i:r"l~lnfCJ l'\ ! ! .'11\z::oJ l
~"1'"1\C:'oJ! ~·gc:·"]\C:'oJ! oJf".'~C:'
"l'lj" "1\ C:.oJj
- ~~ .......
Cl\ 5c:·°\''\"l"l''l,CJ>;'~'>;'Cll -l'l"'f°'·~~·
jc:o,·~·~·2f1 f~CJ'"i''\l'.J"l'!·~·2f1 ~~·
"1\c:·oJr ~"1·"1\c:·oJr s·~i\"1\c:·oJr s·
;ic:·"i·CJ~·~·!·~·2f1 sc:·-l'l,;·°'·CJ~-g~·~·
"IC:'"il
:irm· oJ l "-S"1'"'a:f1 "1 JoJ' a:f1 ~"l'"li"l·
~°'·?:i'1 "1~"-·~c:·"-~-il '#<>J'oJ'\"-'"-~~I
oJ\ CJt"i'~CJ'-'oJI (·~"1'11JI ~·mr ~.
s
~c:·~c:·-o-il CJ~·°'·i"l 1\'~l ~oJ·o.~~I
~'\'oJa."11
~·ij1·"-~~·;;n
3llc't "\[ijD,i;I:- ~cll11fl.11,
"1 '<[c/> 1·/-l-11, 3llc't 'li5 I q 4<'11 :- ~ ci'r'I :/),<il-
~~~
~~c/> '< Ifl-11, ell I \.l Ifl-11.

'l{>-slfl-11, '3<:ic/>lfl-11, ~- qcm, ~ i)~qJi'1:, Y~'i'I~
c/>lc/>lfl-11 ~ I 3l~1f.'1qJi'1:, '3ct1~ "'!1Gicllc11Y4a.
qf ~ ~i&Jq1c4)qJi'1:, c:fuur-
'{,lf81. w. l-11a n. i'11fi'1<1l
1 ffl 4~'i'I~ ~q4i'1. q~iJl-flrn~ W511-
9,cfcl5fll. ~ . ~,~~ ~ ,· ' cl tfl q 4 i'1 :. '3 ct1 x'i,4 '\J.i'il c; q 4 i'1 ~ 'i'1 I
™ Yil".l;I- ~c111j&JI, ~c/>xji'ill. qf
ell I \.l ji'.!l I, "1 "f!i'il I. •I{> ,i; ji'.!l I, %:, ~ : . ~ : . &JR·«11.
'3<:ic/>ji'.!ll, ~ ~ cblcbji'.!ll I '<ji;~\1:, 3J~tjq,D\:, fc1f.'1di!>:,
m ~I
.;ii:81. w. l-11a n. i'11fi'1<1l
1 ffl ™ 'li5144c1- "¥
i'i ci'r'l:/J,C'i
9,cfc15{\'l, ~ ~ ~I~~ I . . tjcffi, ~ i'j ~ tjcffi, q~tj~
Eight Ferocious Ladies- i'j ;mrf.r qcm, '3 ct1 '< i'j ~ u<I IC'i I
Svanasya, Siikarasya, Vyag- qcm, "¥-~ l'i ~ ii'.!J q IMl i:rc@,
362
Set of Eight
c:faur-q~iF-1 if JJ.flq Ja, q~i1l-l- jf<-@ '._1,0 I:, 61 'i Icl, oI jfi-@ $1 l'i '\,
,,; <n , if '\j,~ Iq c-fl i:ic@ "('[[ff jRn ii1 H "il'ft'r I
'3 rn ,-~ if '<j{sl c; i:icra I 3lTo ~~l~F<l-ci'J."T (~ <t 3lTo
"llT 1:];Uf)- ~liill'i'.),01, '-11cl'1'$11'i:),01,
iw, ~ . ~ . {slR,ij,, fclti8c;'i:),OI, ,-i~C:'i'._l,01, fNl'llcl
-ij<:~\'i, 3l ~cl ij, al, fc1 f.1 <1 ij, "('[[ff '< 01 jfi-@:),o I, {1\! f<'l 1-11cl'<01 jfi-@:),01,
f.'rti'rn I 61 'i Icl, oIjf<-@ '._1,0 I "(f[f[ jf<-@ '._1,0 I I
Eight great mountains- Pafica- The eight qualities of
siila in the east, Rahula in the understanding and liberation
south, Asani in the west, of the Sangha (qualities of the
Srijvala in the north, SankhapalI Sangha)- Quality of knowing as
in the east-south, Sriparvata in it is, quality of knowing
the south-west, SukhavatI in the whatever exists, quality of
west-north and Sukhada in the knowing inner features, quality
north-east. of knowledge itself, quality of
OR liberation from obscuration of
Meru, Yugandhara (Yoke attachment, quality of liberation
Holder), lsadhara (Plough Shaft from obstructive delusion,
Holder), Khadiraka (Acacia), quality of liberation from lower
Sudarsana (Lovely to Behold), delusion and the quality of
Asvakar!)a (Horse-Ear), liberation itself.
Vinitaka (Perfect Bow), and
Nimidhara (Rim Holder). ~il\·?fia·t"i·c:it"\1 "\s·~°'' t"i·~°''
~11r("r!'<Qil\'ljil\''I!"\1 ~. ~·,raJi5ii\.<Jci.. "'"J"''~"il ;:lllj'll]5Cll "jQl!,l'll]5Cll ~·
afil\'!j ii\1 ~. ~ "\. 'J'&1i5 ii\. <Jci.. <i:i'ii\'lj ii\1 ,;,:: "llll!,ll '{,j"lj ,l·~\11
~llf''Jci.'ii:Jil\·'iil\ I ~ll]'<Jci.·ii:Jil\''iil\ I ~1111!,l· ~ ,Mlc'l<!il'U:- = : , c/)U,$(1'1
~:.:, ...... ..::, ,,
co "cl r'1, u 1'1,, ~q"'R""t,~1c~q,=: , .a=: M',
mc:i'"l{<l' sf"I' c:ici.·<i:i'il\''i ii\ J i Ill {<l'~c:i·"l l!,l' q,fe.<l.£:T:, 31~:. c;1£\gl'{~i1Rl I
'!J"I 'r:ia_.
-.,,6 "':i -
'1J ii\ ''i iiiI ~"'iii. 'JC\' '!l r:i· 'J'"I {<l' '!l "''
l;i\.- 3lTo «"l~"il>R- ~.
'!!,0"5c'I, ~ . ~ . q111e'1,
c:ici.·ii:f"i·'i"i I sf<>i·c:ici.·<i:i'"i·'i"i'~ ·c:i~~"ill irtt. ~ "<'1"[[[ c'll"-<IT ~ I
3Tfc ~~l~f.ffi'.!,UJT: (~ ~ - Eight jewel ornaments of a
Fully Enjoyment Body (Sam-
:i;urr: )- <!12.11 $1 l'i '.),o I:, '-11 cl '1'$1 I'i-
bhogakaya)- Crown, earring,
1JU[: f<H-i 8 c; 'i '.),o I:, .,:j 8 c; 'i '._l,01:,
necklace, bangles, anklets, belt,
,HI' 11 cl, 01 fjfck-l '.),"I:, ,-1\! Rl 1-11 cl ,01-
a jewel sash worn across one's
363
Set of Eight
shoulder handing to the level of ™ ffi- "f'TR. clR. <ITlml,

navel and a jewel sash worn ~ . 1,l"f,Q, 1-1111.-Ji/>, if>f,011 cli!ll
across both shoulders hanging ~I
to the level of the thighs. Eight features of dance (eight
sentiments)- Charming, heroic,
~a;,·?i·ii't·~·q~'\! 111110.·~~·o.~a;,1 '#"I'
ugly, magnificent, smiling,
"l'\o.·o.~a;,1 ~~·~~'«Iii '.1/·a;,·i111 1iA1 frightening, compassionate and
aggressive.
~Ol'l.JX.'0.~'\1 ~'ij'\'~<>,l ~·,:,Q·~a;,·lf
Ql&l'~&l''J' l!)'\1 •r(<>1·1·aa;,·t.Jd,'<>i0l[ <Ii
~'l:J!'\''\11
Qd,' '\(Ol'ticl: "IOI [ OJ(<>,' 'JX. ·~ Ol 't,Jq '<>iol[
~ ,fr"J4<fc11=- w~:.
~:. i'.5lfG{i/>:, tl,C:~1.-J:, ~\.i '\' 'Jd.'"IOJ r "-'a;,·<>1111·"!'\''Ja· <>1o11
31~clct,O\:, fclf.'idi/>:, ~ : , ~ OJ"l' «Ii· ~OJ Ol'Q'\·<>i· ~ Ol"l'Ol ~Ol· 'J& ·<>1o1 I
tl,~f>~ilRI I
!'>,il
"' .,..._
.;!l. <Jo. .., Ol'"I 'io1 I
3TTo ~M44d- ~ . ~ .
i'.51 fG {if>, '\j.C: ~\ 'i, 31 ~ cl if> ol,
~Ol· 'Jx.·~x.· t.J· 111 ~OJ'~ '"I OJ' QQ"l. ~I I
Fcif.'ic1<1>. ~ ~ ~ I
Eight fabulous mountains- 31 0c Rl 1:1 : 1'.fT1f: - q 1x fi'l a 1•w I:,
Yoke-Holder (Yugandharah), -H!1i,clf1'll•f:. ~ : . 31Q'1101-
Plough-Kolder (lsadharah), l-lf'f:, 3ltcifl'lct>'ll'\:. ti4xf<'cffl'1-
With Khadiraka Tree (Khadi- Rlrn'll'f:. ~a-11f.'ac11'+f-
raka), Splendid Looking, 'll'f~i1RI I
(Sudarsana), Horse-Ear (Asva- 3TTo Y<l>R ~ 1'.fT1f- q I{ fi'l <11 'cliT
kruvah), Humble (Vinitakah), 1-lf'f. f1 !1 i, cl f1 "i/,1 1-lf'f. ~ 'cliT
Rim-Holder Moun-tain (Nemin-
1-lf'f. 31 Q'l IOI 1-lf'f. 31 tc ifl'I et, 'l I'L
dharagirih) and Mount Meru
t1 J t1 '<'"1'1-~ 'l Iii rn 'l I ' f ~ 31 j<'4 I ~ -
(Sumeru).
t!1-1~1
(,q~'\1 ~111·'.Jr '\l.JO.'l:Jf .i·i111·l,Jr &i'\' Eight types of path- Path of
Prajiiaparamita, Path of the
§~·1 <l"l'\'111'\r o.~1110l·•if~~·r ~~lr Means of Coversion, Path of
!:illl'zl"rl:JQ"l·~r r clairvoyance, Path of
Immeasureable, Path of Eight
~ ~ : - ""-S·'II{:
'l ' '
clR: ' ~ :' limbs, Path of Equal attitude to
~ : . i,lf£l'\. 1-111Hi/>:, qif>OI:, all Sentient Beings, Path of
~s;~ilRI I patience concerning the dhanna
364
Set of Eight
of nonarising and Path of the loping faith in it, abandoning

Three Emancipations. guru, creating agony in the
mind of one's friend, aban-
af11J'<1'z::i!1 I l \<l' o11·i· ti:ii ..rz::io<!]'<ll doning the tutelary deity and
'\~ ·z::i·oi\'i ·~<l]"r'\'!J<l]'<ll '\"I"-·~·l "l· disturbing the accomplishement
~ ..... - ...........
or"'''\'\';,;,::·~ \<l I i\<!]'CJO.' .i; "l'"l''\'\';ii::·
_ .....
and practise of wrathful
mai;idala.
CJ ~\CJ I a!'"' tii::·CJ I ~<l]"l'"l"<l]~i::· ~""l" afi::.,.ril\·!i\'CJ!1I '\~"*'II tli\'*i\l
CJil\'-JJ "'1''\"1'~" ~' tjC:"CJJ -w"l"O.f ._.
..... ..... l'.'"~ ......
"';j"l"*i\l '\~"--*'II f"l"ll ~·ai·~1

<lj ~i\.~' CJ ~CJ' CJ' '\C:' a.Ja;'a.J O,l' CJi"l' CJqi I <!]~ ~I ~ '"-<l]"l""la.J'q<l]'Ol<l]"91
~: f41Ulli:II~:- -'l-l<i,lcF-JI f1 RJ) •I <!ill! tli 3fl5c a@"il>ffi:-
~:. :!"'-lq<11 filrn1- ~=. ct,":SC'!'\, cfiDdl'•N"ll-1,.
~- ~ w'i, 3'f%ID ~ :, 3'["6,..-.:
tl~IX, m:. '(ii:lcfi'\.
WllliL..'<-11.--i "'cl, ~ w'i'f %ID cfi R: isl 'E1 ~ il Fi'I I
«J,Fi'l~'<'I. 'J'<'fi-11•1:, ~ fi<114- fl"'l)•l<!illl et ™ 3R'iR-
"1 •1'1'\, :, tc ~ cl fl-11 •I:, '<'I o;g l-1 o:,:; C'!- ~- ig":SC'!, ~ . ~ .
~ : "'cl I 3'fmR. m. ~ <1"m ~ 1
3lTo Y<l>R et ~ - Eight jewel ornaments of a
-'l-1 <i, Ic:!3IT qj"j W'ffi" ~ cfi, '11, Fully Enjoyment Body-
9,0 li cl I'11 qj"j 'Ff Fc1 '<'I f2;i <1 cfi' '11, Crown, earnng, necklace,
~ w\ cfi w'i, %ID .-J ~ brace-lets anklets, a j ewe! sash
~ '3f1iA f.'1"GI cfi>/'11, ~ w\ worn across both shoulders
cfi w'i, %ID ~ ~ \j f1 c/>~ hanging to the level of the
~ cfi, '11, 'J'<' qj"j cli"flT cfi, '11,
thigh, a jewel sash worn across
~ cfi 'Ff l'j fi <11 4 13 <'1 "'1
one's shoulder handing to the
cfi, '11. :, tc ~ c1 "cfiT cli"flT <1"m t.-rr level of navel and a jewel net
~ l-1 o;g C'1 "cfl'I" Ri f.& ~ ffltr'1T
sash worn as girdle.
qj"j "1Tf cfi, '11 I
Eight types of wrong conduct- ~"-·s11·1(,,rr;.z::i!11 ~"·"is111 "la.J~"ll
Spoiling the accumulation of
devotees, disturbing the mind of l!]~'~"ll ~"1-('lj"l'i"-'CJJ ~.lm·f"-'CJJ
virtuous person, condemning
"~"·iO,l'i"-'CJJ
the virtuous Dharma without
developing faith, praising the 0.!:j"l'~'i'"l'~qi I
non-virtuous dharma by deve-
365
Set of Eight
!1$1141../flldllll: 3l>ci fc'lq<11:- >ITT't 311 c; ../ f1 .-$ 1../:, ~'i"J.

f1 cl\i:151../$1d I$11 •1'1, 'll '\$1d I$1 l•i'i, c; I'11 fc: q Ix fi1 d I11.T f.'kll ll M ~ii R'i I
' '
cl·Hj$11 '1 'i, f1 cl\i:15 Ix Ifi1 fi./ltT:, f&tft<1 ~ .tt ™ qR~f.G<1i-
~lll"lT:, 31jlj,4~41•1:, aifil1c15- "f1'GT cft., ~ qj"j ~ "1'l "ft
~4)11:, lfic'lcl44i:1514~i1Ri I 41c'l'1 c/5../'11, ~ cfi c/5C'l!IDI c!iT
lJ :,114 I , fll d I <fi 3ITo "'fc'l~q-lJ- ?f[U[ -f1i:151 '1 I, Rh {11 '1ft J;l"c/,R et\
f1 qjc15 Ix $1 d I$11 '1, 'i l'\$1d I$11 '1, aift'r qj"j ~ c/5' '11, "f1'GT Tl.l
cl«).$11'1, f1q\c151.ifi1fi<11tT, ~ - q;,j cfi i;rfi'r ~ f1 "i 6T'11, ~ Ifil Illl
'
~41'1, _., lflr,1c15~4111
31'jlj,4~41'1, "'' cfi i;rfi'r '1131 C/) '(> u 11 '1 ~ m.
"d'~ q, c'l ';!<R1 El 4 c/51 ll I iJ1TIU!Tll, 311i11il m qj"j ~ -
The eight topics of the {1 .-$ Ix c/5 , '11, 311 c; , 'I,J c/5 °T' "ft
Perfection of Wisdom- Omnis- tT4 qj"j ~ c/5' '11 q~ c:Fr
cient mind, knowledge of path, m q" fi1 a 13ft cfi 3l"llIB ~
knowledge of bases, complete "f1'GT ~ lk.-J ~fl c'I W'1T I
training in all aspects, peak Eight thorough trainings on the
training in aspects, serial second ground- Purity of the
training, momentary training three moral disciplines at all
and resultant truth body. times, repaying the help
rendered by others, patiently
JG'lff 1iJG'1.Ja.·cifi:_•rfi:_JG'<!§'\l :i"l'fj''l'3 . accepting all harms, always
~"I-~ 3,J"l '"11\l"'&;". r.i "-' '\ "1' r.i I "1"\"i. ~ "l' rejoicing in virtuous deeds,
being compasssionate .towards
"l"i. <l'ij "j "l' r.J'"I'S"l' r.i· "1~- cq "1~\r.i·%, all sentient beings, honouring
§e:.·UJe:.·<i~1·r.i1 5"l'i"1'1°'\~ ·<i·"I·f <ii:\· and respecting one's teachers
and abbots, receiving teachings
'\"11:l.'<ll ~3,Jl!,l' ~· ~3,J"l'"I' ~e:.'t !,<ll from one's teachers respectfully
and always endeavouring to
"l""i' i <]' .:i'"j "l'"I 'll.)1·%0:.·<l:}'-.'<l ~.S'\. r.i1 practise the Perfection (Para-
al'"l'~ 3,J l!,l'"I' "l' r.J"l' l!,l' ")"i.r.J
':J, i l i "i'
mitii.) such as giving etc.
.:r"j "l'"I'-.'~"i'~"l!,l'Qj '5ISl ·;11] '3 ·<l 1"i·r.J~ll

~3,J"l'~·~·~ "l"l'~"l'r.J I "lO:.ISl' ~!Sl'!!]C'~'
f&e1"l<1·1t.'I: 3l>cl qR~4;,i:-
+1 c; IGi fcl~T<i, ~flc'I fcl 'i, 4../c/5d $1d I- lff
<i~ !Sl'r.il:\ 'll,~ "1'~ "i' ~ 'I""l!,l'~ l!,l' r.i I ~' ~·
<> ' <
q, ~ u I'1, "'Rh"'~:' :;. . ,. c;~fq 31 q c/51../ imf.'n:,
'
f1 c; I<lj,~ IMl <'fl Ii, ~fc: d fcl 't, f1'ti'(lff "l' r.i l!,l' "le:. "l· ~l!,l· "~ l!,l'CJ I
366
Set of Eight
olo.1~·~'!,&1~· 'f&l~''\C:.''\QC:.' '~ "l~' the thoughts of all sentient

&l~ 'i'<ii ~c:. ~· ~~·~·~c:.'"lC:.' ~·"'~Q'<IQ,' beings, knowledge of the
Buddhaland where Buddha
olo.1~·~·&,o.1~·~·~'\·{c:.·c:ii sc:.·~o.1~·~· resides, establishing Buddha-
g'\'<I' ~&l~·<i\l &l' 'I/'sa,·~ c:.'?_."'~'i' "I' land, pleasing the Buddhas with
one's correct understanding of
"l'i~''i~'~'\'<ii ~o.1~·~·~·~'i·~·c:i~ai· the reality of all phenomena as
Q~3i·~~'\'<i'<>l3i'<i'Q<i~·~ii they are, knowledge of the
different dispositions, faculties
316c:'l"l,<I: 3llcl lffu];~:- "ficl-
etc., of sentient beings, puri-
fl'<"<l ftirn $1 l'i 'j. '.l,~ fc1 t,I, c'Oijj-
'11 \),$11 'i '1, ~e'l-:i R1 f.&:, tilt- fying the continuums of sentient
~ <I~~- beings in those directions where
'il'll'i'i-;'i'j, fl'<"<ll'ii ~IR'ciR41- Buddha-fields will be
~$11'i'l,' fl'<"<lll<i ~ .
.' established, performing the
<I-:, ~ITT {1f«i~. 'll41Y'l- deeds of Bodhisattvas while
~ flcloil~fl'<"<liP-11 abiding in concentration like
ijj, 011-1, fl'<"<l ij,("1110110 fiR1'"C"4l- illusion and willingly taking
'
qqf<'fr ~ I rebirth for the benefit of
3llcll 1lftl" ~ ™ q R'{!f.i. 41- sentient beings.
fl'lfr !.11 fa 141 "$T ™ "ff 31 cl' I<1
man. ~ "1"ITT f.'I q Ifl <!ml -g ~c:.~·!~·c:it'\I ~'i·:i'i·"li"l·if"-'<i'ii .:i·
\Rf ~ "ff 31 q' I<1 man. ~- if"l'"'Ic:..'\"l 'q,;.fil ~·<IQ,. ~"I'2ia..'\<IC:.'?:ii
ITT ctt ~. tf'1T cF ~ <ITT
<I~ 31 q' 11-J'i ffl 1N ~ <ITT «:ia.·"li"l'if"' i 11,'i'Q ~c:.·?:ii Q~3i·«,;·
!.lfl"'l ijj,'il, !.llfol41 * ~. '\"l"-'Q i !,&l';' 'iC:.''l!('\ i ~'i'~',ll'
~ R 4 ~ "ff 31 q ' I<1 "t,T'iT, "1"ITT
~-ITT ctt R1 f.& it qgf !.11 fa 141 i'i ~~a,'i~\~· ~"I' ?:ii t "l 'Qt"l'~;<J~. <i'\'
c!lt fl-ii~ <ITT ~ ijj,'il, '1141tj<'j
fl'llf£r -tj ~ t':lijj, ~ c!lt ~·c:i,;·~'\·«il: y'i·i ~"l-~i i
'cflIT <ITT 3J'Rlffi ijj , 'i I cf\1.lT mfur-
c/> <"'l I u 1 * '3~~4
~ 'cU I j,i " iJl""'l <'Fll I
"ff ~
''ii
"'I !;.
.:i ·if"l '"'I c:.. '\"l ';. fil ~·<IQ,. ~"I'2ia.. '\ QC:.' ?:ii
Eight thorough trainings on the ~'i':i'i'"l~·if,;· ~ i "l~·if,;·~ i
eighth ground- Knowledge of
367
Set of Eight
~.J.j~'il'i'! <l\ "111]'<1",''i'i'~ "I\ 9~ ,;· m

fl ,i;;cg'{jr1 i'1 >!I Ji 'i;;.
;l<l\ ~\~i:;·1 !i\'<l'l<;'fll
~ . ~:"ITT'l"io, ~,'!'ii 1,
UJi:;·i\ I 1'\i'f<:,~~twRTul iM -wt-
~: <Sl \I~ I'l 'i rl-51.-i;; I
~i\·:i<1·9~9·~"-'"<\ I a:i ·~9·UJi:;·1111·<1,;· Eight Buddhas- RatnasikhI,
~~·<1o: ~"1·~·1<:ii:;·2f1 <1,io.·9~9·~"' I Sankusumitarajendra, Padma-
sikhI, Sunetra, Duhprasaha,
!i\'<:i 'li:;.<f1 <:i ~ i\.<1,;· 'i"I"-'<:i I ~oJ' "1"-. Vairocana, Bhai~ajyaguruvai-
duryaprabharaja, Sarvaduhkha-
""'SJ~'il fli\'~·ai·Q~~a.·~\~·~"l'CJ\ prasamananetraraj a.
OR
t 9·<;J ~"I' ~oJ~ '"'i'~.£:J"-'5.'i' <IQ.' !'I'~' Sankusumitarajendra, Ratna-
~"l'~ll sikhI, SikhI, Visvabhuk,
Krakucchandaka, Kanakamuni,
3Jtcl ~~:-,M~lftl:. fl-s;cg'<jr1i'1- Kasyapa and Sunetra.
,1Jl.;;;:, q~'Jroflq:. ~ : . ~:"ITT'l"io:. OR
~ x'i il •-J:. RatnasikhI, Sankusumitarajen-
~:<Sl \I~ I•FF1-51.-i;; ~ ii I dra, Padmasikhi, Sunetra,
cfT Duhprasaha, Vairocana, Bhai~a-
fl-s;cg>!jr1 i'i>!!Jl .-i;; , "'i ~I ftl :,
jyagurubaiduryaprabharaja and
Sarvaduhkhaprasamananetrariija
~lftl:. ~. wcgW.-i:;ch:,
ih'iih'.j,F-1:. ihl~<iq:, >!jrl?i~il I if~"-·~9~·<1t'\l 'i~·li:;·•r.J.1·9~~! 'i~'
cfT
,M ~I ftl :, fl-s·chRf'i1t1,I Jl.;;;:, ~"l'O!'.J.1'9 ~ ~ 1 'i~'<;J~ i\'"f.J.1'11]~>11
'~"
q~)roflq:, ~ : . ~:"ITT'l"io:, ~,lil'i:. 'i~'i<:J'.J.11 <l~i\'9<\~'~ll
~:{sl'-
\1 ~ I•F1 rl-51.-i;; ~il I 3Jtcl lll Rt 'TI 1:1 • 1) -;;11 fil I
3lTo ~~- ,M~lftl. ,i-s;cg'<jr1i'1-
~. '>11'1"1,:.
>!1Jl.-i;;, q~'Jroflq, ~ . ~:"ITT'l"io, 'CJYl'<i<j?:, '341Riihl,
'34cllfl~i1R'I I
~'<lil'i, iM
3lTo ~1Rt>i11H-1'JT?I- fit/\'!. fit~.
~ : <Sl \I ~ 1'l 'i rl -51.-i;; I
m . '>Inm'h
l'l ""· ' 0'1{1,
.Ul'l -"' 'CJY I'!I Jl .-i;;, ,M ~I ftl.
'~"
~lftl. ~. 51?'!7,'CcP--<,<j?,
Eight classes of individual
liberation- Fully ordained
ih'iih'.J,F-1. ihl~<iq iM ~ I
monk, fully ordained nun,
368
Set of Eight
novice monk, novice nun, lay of combatling old age and

man, laywoman, probationary treatment concerning fertility.
nun and one-day ordination.
'l~51'11J1joli'!'!oli'Cl!"il ~"l'"i~"i'"l ~ ~ I
111ir'\S1'"l3i'QIIIJ'ci!'i l ~~r~· "l ~ '\S"i I
UJ")'Cl~'al'CI~ '"l~~I Cl~·i"l'"l~~l
5~·,.a,"li"i."l~·"i~"iI "l~3i. ~~.<>.at·,:i/:l.·
"i~"l~'"-§"-'tCl'<rj~ ~· ~ll
"l~''i~"il ~~·f,:i~'J'"l~'\S"il >ll'3i'
ui 1-1 f'll 3llSc't Gllrr:-
~~·&J~·q/:l,·"l~'"i~"i l >li ''l}Jllj'q/:l.·llj~' Fc1 t!I ~:' ,-il 1-1 'i f'll 1-\.
'(j ~ 'i, ~ i'Ql'[. 311~cll~:.
"i~"i I 9~·,.a,."l ~ "i~"il (·#l.. "l ~·"i~"i·
\l~cll~~-c1Fi'I I
~II UlR -if} 3Tio GTl'J- fc1 a ~, fc1 t1 I·,:,
l-11'iR:lili ~ . l-11'1R:lili ~:~.
316<'. Fcl Et Rl Fcl, ct-1 IS"'P{- cf;l<:1-
~ . ~:~. 311~cll~ ~ \!~ell~ I
Ri fcb ffl I, isi I&Nl •I Ri fcba:1 I, W-
Eight faults of concentration-
Y~ ;g I RI Rb ffl I, iii Ill isi C'1 RI Rb cil.i I, Investigation, analysis, mental
~I~ I tll<1Rifcba:11. C:"1 fc1<1,- comfort, mental discomfort,
Ri fcb ffl I, q<1, a Iq"1 ,s IRi fcb cil.i I, happiness, suffering, inhalation
'3q"11<1~1Fc@Rifcbffl1 ~ I and exhalation.
3lTo ll I~ -if} R.i f.l, ct-1 1----ail'f-
<liT<! RI Rb ffl I, <ITC'[-'11T <tr 'lGl5fllJ1j3i'Cl~'',Q.'IIJ3iGl'~Gl'CI!'il ij3i'~ "i I
RI Rb ffl I, tH, q~ ;g I <tr RI fcbc'fl I, 'l~")'3i>l~·~~1 "-!l~·~·:i·<11 al·:i·<11
ililllisiC'1 <tr Rifcbffll, ~l~ltll<1
<tr RI Rb cil.i I, c; "1 Fc1 <& <tr al'IIJ'.,')"''CI I ~·~>l''lt"-'<11 ~3i'~ 'ol'lt:_'<] I
RI Rb ffl 1, q<ii a1 <tr ,ft-;g-r <tr a.'i:r,·al3i·~ ·<i~S~l l
RI fcbffl 1 "<1'~ '3 q"11 a~ 1Pc@ <tr
Ri Rb cil.i I I ~~Ull'11!.~= ~ ~-
Eight types of therapy- 3l"rncli1:, ~"llllxicJI:, "!_6~<:11.,
Treatment of physical ailments, ~:. m:, 'tl<i.~11:, 'tlC:~\'il:,
treatment of children's ailments, 31 ilif.'1 '<l I~ti I
treatment of disorders caused by ~~ UJR-1lftr q} ™ ~-
spirits, treatment of physical 3A'l1cli' ~ u ll ll xi q ' ~ g (l/) C'1,
strength ailments, treatment of ~. 31(j'q, 'tl'i~I. 'tiC:~\'1 ~
wounds caused by weapons, 31 iii f.1 '<l I
treatment of wounds caused by Eight states of the fourth
the insertion of teeth, treatment concentration- Cloudless, born
369
Set of Eight
from merits, great results, not etc.), refraining from using high
great, painless, excellent appea- and luxurious seats and
rance, excellent perception and refraining from taking untimely
below none. food.
r:igii:rq~-..,~·r:i!'1l ~:ii·:iit'i"fi:::·<11 °rs3i· ~·i3i'<l!')l ')<l<;'~!!]-i3i't/f <l~S~I
Q)3i'{,:;·Q1 <>i!!]'!!]ol3.l'{i:;·<Jf !3i'fi:;·<lf .t<;J!.l'<lf ~r:i·~:ii C\\')<lQ.'')<l<;'§"l
~i:;·~i:;'<lf !!]o.l'<:'),:,"l'Q)3i'<l' { <;'<lf l°!!]l!-l'<l')!!] ~,:;·~~·~I "l~3i·~·"l\,·
3.l"l' '!13i'i '3.l~<lf )OJ'3J'ul3i'<lQ.'f'S!OJ'S!' ~"l·~·<l~S\ll
<lr£:'lf t11<;'3i l
31"<!RIE11 fum- ~1011f21q1t1Fc1,F21:, ')<li:::·~"l·i3i·l:i"i <l~·s3il .ti:::OJ·qi rsQ·
31 c; ci'1 Ic; I'1 fc1 , f2I :, c/J 11-J fll iU.11 il l>!-
Fc1, F21:, 'i41<'11c;fc1,f21:, I-J€.IYl'1- "'~!!] "l~3i·~·:ii\i:::·~:ii '?l'l'<;3il ~~·
fc1, F2I: ' ~: ' rn: (31 &i c/J ": ' ti ~·l~'<l!')"\ll
1-J I<"11 '!, .;i q'11) 3,R: m Fc1, F2I:.
'3-til lfF'l<'ll I' I:, fc1 c/JIC'I-~ ~ 1-Jt:1~c11:- 1-Jg~c1,, (m:).
fc1 , f2I ~ ii f2I I <'fw:. ITTITT. ~ : (m:), c/JII-J~cl,
3ITo SI ii> I, ~ fulfillY - ~ Ifil Ii', ,,i I '1"1~1:, "j'•1Rt1:, 4-i\':!~'tl-Jl>!~il~ I
q[
cITT c<TI1T, 31 c; ci'1 Ic; I'1 cITT c<TI1T,
c/J 11-J fllui Iil I, cITT c'ITilT, 'i 41 cl Ic; 1-Jg~c1,: (~:). -mn:. m. ~:
cITT "fllTlT' 1-j €.I q l'1 cITT "fllTlT' "flT"IT,
(m,J t q,sl-ft,ji:/jl-j
\ ....:!I, ..:J "' t <!iiR:
.,;t I wi, I
-c1~</i~u1-~il""""'f211
rn (31 Mc/JI>!. "1-JTc'!T, ~ ~ )
3ITo 1-Ji',I ~ cldl- 1-Jg~c1, (ftrcl),
~ cl, m cITT "fllTlT. ,ani
3ITTFl cITT "fllTlT TIW fc1 c/J I<:'I -mn. m. ~ (ml. c/J11-J~c1.
3IT!oR cITT "fllTlT I •1°1~1. "j'•1Rt1 i:tcr 4-i\':!~i:gl-Jli! I
Eight basic precepts of one day m
vow holders- Refraining from 1-Jg~c1, (~). -mn. m. fctroJ
killing, refraining from stealing, (~). 4-q';!t!l'tl-Jli!, ~ . <Ill ~
refraining from indulging in cR>DT I
sexual misconduct, refraining Eight great gods- Mahesvara,
from telling lies, refraining from Indra, Brahma, Vis1:m (Hari),
taking alcohol, refraining from Kamadeva, Gai:iesa, Bh!Tlgarita
using gold, silver etc. and Sadmukhakumara.
(ornaments, garlands, cosmetics
370
Set of Eight
OR
Mahesvara, Indra, Brahma, 5 If<.11,'¥lf, C'i If<.11. <ml, j, '-'11,
Vissu (Hari), ~ac:Imukhakumara, lfral, clturr, jig"G I ~ I
Kubera, Yama and V aruna. qf
1'1f'l!"\1 'i"l"-'~1 ioJ·i.;,·oJ1 (·"l,;~· cl(ii~s;°I, cl(iif.l~I.

, I' Icl (ii I, cfi,fl:lar\,
oJJ 'll'~·~1 ::1,:;r~I ~·iQ')'oJI 9:;;;<>l·'J· ~
~l&;cl(iil, 1:J:Wlcl(iil ~ I
af1 9~,;·~11 ™ ~fcrlli- ~. ~. tjcilC'il,
EH->ifl, giN'i,-\1, ~ . iJD-slJ1
<.\lt::''iil ,zq' -sl fT<l '1"1 I
qf
3)·~9·oJ1 'J)9'f~·oJ1 oJ:<,·3)·oJ1 s·.i;cr
:fl<f, ~. cftqr, TJ<£1T, 311<;~\'i .
.!JI 3l·afi;·oJ1 ('oJJ ~9'.!JI ,~'oJqll 'ffil, ~ ,zq' WIT I
<.\lt::''ii1 'lJT
~9'3l'oJJ s·.i;i:i·oJ1 ll·<l;lt::'oJJ 3)·~9·oJ1 C'! I f<.11, TJ<£1T, clturr. :fl<f, lfral,
~. '¥lf ,zq' cftqr I
~'oJI i:i)9·f~·oJ1 9"-'oJJ oJ:<,'3l'oJqll 'lJT
<.\lt::''iil 5 lf<.11, '¥lf. C'i If<.11, <ml, jx'-'11,
lfral. clturr ,zq' jog"G I I
CJq')·oJ1 111"-·oJ1 ~111·3J"oJ1 mi:::·~·oJ1 'lJT
~·c,'oJI ~'oJI 4'<l;lt::'oJI '!:\';l'ii'~'oJqll cl(ii~~<fl. cl(iif.l~I. cl(iif1iR.11,
xl ' Icl (ii I, cfi,fl:lar\, cl (ii ;g Ifcl, '1"J,
<.\lt::''iil ~ I&; cl (ii I ,zq' 1:J:24"""1c1=(ii~I I
{(:i9'~1 ~·(9~9~·oJ1 "((~·i:i·oJ1 Eight goddesses- GmlrI, CaiirI,
Vetali, GhasmarI, PukkasI,
"-\'i·.i;9~·{(oJ1 "((9l,'')·j.;,·oJ1 {(
SabarI, Car:ic:IalI and J?ombinL
oJf"-'"-~I ~r~·~·oJ1 ~-~·(oJq'II OR
Pu~pa, Dhiipa, Dipa, Gandha,
311<1 ~cl.l':- ~ . ~ . tjcilC'il, AdarsI, Rasa, Sparsa and
EH->1{1, giN'iffl, ~l<lfl, tjD,slctl, Dharma.
-sl'fT<l <11~ ~ I OR
qf Lasya, Gandha, VIr:iij, ·· Pu~pa,
:fl'IT, ~. cftqr, '!.£TI, 311 c; ~fi, Ona, Dhupa, N,tya 'aha Dipa.
"11, f'i~I\, WIT ~ I OR '
qf Hasya, Nftya, Lasya, V ansa,
<1 I-R-11, '!.£TI, clturr, :fl<[. lfral, Muraja, Gita, VIi;ia and
Mukunda.
~. '¥lf, cftqr ~ I
371
3!'c<!7!: Set of Eight
OR
VajraraudrI, Vajrabimba, Vajra- ~c@l ~IITT'I ~ q} 3T@ <flf-
saumya, Ragavajra, VajrayalqI, ~ qa 1, -TI1T, <Tar. ~ . ~.
VajrasiakinI, Sabdavajra and ~. ' fcl,...-J, <ll!IT 'H,l'i'I I
Pp:vivajra. Eight categories of gods,
~·~"i·~·,:i~'\l ~l .QI! ll]~\i3il ~-,ii l serpent etc.- Gods, serpents
(Naga), Yak~a, smell-eaters,
il,J·u:i3i1 il,Jf"Q,·~,;·1 £iq,il,J·~r fq,~itn demigods, mythical birds
(garuda), probable human
~ ~<'RHH'tlf~: Cflf:- <tcr:,
(Kinnara) and great serpent
-TI1T:; <1&1:, ~ : . ~ : , ~ : . (Mahoraga).
fcl, ....N:, •H,1'/ 1 1~-ilR, I
372
Set of Nine
'lil\' '\' \11,l i ~r~·a;"1~'<1"-'':li1\'!j'\l (fi'rui Iif~) fi 11'1 JJ '1 't, q, 11-1 ~1-
1~fi lll Jl '1 't, fcl R1 Fcl><*11-
<Ja.·-:iil\·t\1 ,::~<lJ·~·13,·y'\1 o.1·~11J·<1a.· fi 111u1 '1 '1,, ~Q1\t1'-11"1'1'1,, '11<'*14-
. ' .
;l"i'J'\i ~·'lii.'':lil\'J'\l o.1t"1·~·"-~"i' f1 111 JJ OJ '<I I
;-it l,l<bl;i ci, tilTiul'1- 3lji!l'l-
<1a.·;1i1\·y'\1 ei·to.1·~·;1i1\·y'\1 ~"1\"1·~· ,-i lll "1 '1, ~ R1 £1 'ii llI "1 '1, 1--fR-
;13,·y'\1 ~"'·'l(a·13,·y'\·\n ,.j lll "1 '1, 31 fcl "1 l{i lll "1 '1, ~-
(fi'r~l<f~) ,-ilfl"1'1, Y'/11-1~\'f~-
OJqfl'tq: 3ll'<H'I:- 31ji!l'll'cll,:, fi ll IJl '1, fcl R1 fcl> cti Ifi '-11 JJ '1
~R1t11i11i!:, '11'11illi!:, oifclu1i11,: ~,-;q\filllJJ'1 <'f:!11 '11<'*14fi41JJ'1 I ,
~-(fi'rui Iif~ ) 31Tii'"R:, "CRT_'. Nine ever-binding factors ( cons-
'1 ~j 1"" 11 Iii 1>1:, fcl R1 Fcl><*1 Iii 1,:, tant fetters)- Ever-binding
~Q1filli!:, '11<'*111lilii!~'<1R1 I factor of attachment, ever-
;-it l,l<bl'I cf> 311'<'11'1- 3lj,l'l- binding factor of anger, ever-
31Tii'"R, ~ R1 £11 ii Ii! , 1-11'1 Iii Ii!, binding factor of egoistic pride,
31Rl"11ilh!, ~-(fi'r:11111~) ever-binding factor of
31Tii'"R, q " '1 ~\ 1te 111 ii Ii! fcl R1 Fcl>- ignorance, ever-binding factor
cti Iii h!, ~Q1\i11i! ~ '1,1<'*111lilii! I of view (wrong view), ever-
The nine habits- Habit of binding factor of the thought of
attachment, habit of hatred , superiority, ever-binding factor
habit of egoistic pride, ignorant of doubt, ever-binding factor of
habit, habit of view (wrong jealousy and ever-binding factor
view), habit of the view of of miserliness.
superiority, view of doubt, '\1i1\·o.1t'IJ·'\IIJ'~Z1J ~a·'\af3,·o.1t'IJ'~c:: ~·
jealous habit and miserly habit.
~~1 t~1 '\~'"-~"i'l!J~l<lj 3,C::'~''\"l°'i'
'lil\'!"''~&1'"1''\11,ll i ~·~· a;"1~·qa·':\.,i'f"'1
l<li'l!J'.ll'l<lj &i''\"11 "1f""-'"-Sl'"1~l<lj
ric::·~·<Jq'':\"i'f"'l c::·~<>r~·':13,·j,;1 o.1·
'IJ~c::·'1"-''\"l"i·o.1a;"1· a;~·~ l
I;'\ - - - <lJ c::~· ~ I
-
~"1'</q'':\"i'i"'l ~·<Jq'':\"i'i"'l o.1t"1'l '

~"J' l"1~"1'3lll
~3,·<ia'':\"i'f"'I 'il·afo.1·~·13,·f"'I ~"1·
OJqfl't1c.1 '<Ml-I-
, frefc!Fi '1/&J?ri'-1-
'
\"1·~·13,·j"'1 ~ ,;· 'l(a·;13,·f"'·(n ~:. w\:, fit1~il I
OJ<lfl'tl'.f ;i-i&lu1'1JJ_- 3lji!l'l- ~-,3!f,!J/fJ-NMI-/- "T':,
fi lll u1 '11-1, ~ R1 t1 fi 41 u1 '11-1 1--fR- ~ te ~ cl : ;s]cf)--,; Ifcl> ..f1 ii I
' "
'"fi,,,41'-"'JJ="l~I-I.' 31 fcl "11 fi lll"' '11-1,, -;.rf;c,--
~·~
373
Set of Nine
~ ']i!tl?Mf- IQ 4<ti 111:, fc1 $11 '1 I'1 'f'-I ,
.rt
wr-~.
* ~-
~ : . f.'l'l\ 0 1<1ill1~il I
~ifi('(
~11m~1
rftif ~
"fcJTlJ I
The three realms and nine
levels- Desire realm, first medi-
rftif 3fUTTr,T wf- ~. i, "c ~ cj tative concentration, second
~ ~--s1Fcl,411 meditative concentration, third
rftif ']i!tl wf- 'c14ifi 111, W'WT- meditative concentration, fourth
cITT<! 11m f.i 'l i aIiii I'-I I meditative concentration,
The nine Jewels- Buddha, infinitive space, infinitive
Dharma and Sangha- these are consciousness, nothingness and
the three external Jewels. peak of the existence.
Guru, Tutelaty (Meditational
Deity) and Qaka-Qakini- these
are the three internal Jewels.
The Truth Body, Complete
- -
t: 11 t:l.<l;'\'"1 ~"'\'"I g 31·"1 Cl/1'\'ql
Enjoyment Body and Emanation ~t::1·" I QJ ~-~· a.i('\. ". t: 1 ~". ?i· '\". ~-,·"qll
Body- these are the three secret
Jewels.
a
"lcf q fil -S d ~ I llc',.mf.r- <Iii ~ Io4d«i
'\"'?it t::]~o,l"'f!1i"i'lll ~~-"! t::l~a.J'l!]lj"i' itfc, I , ,
q fil ;s tff (14 &Ftf) -ill) ;il
!!]~3J'l.J1 t::1~3J"!!]lj"i't::l~'l.J1 a;a.i·a.Jf'l.'
14~)tldlll·- cj,i~lc,ll, 3ll~!liil,
31~<:l.'u.J~, ~31-~~·i31~Q,, %·u.Jr:;"3l'\I ~ . Qcjil.-J ~ . ~llf-;ll~ ffl.
~ll{-51-Q "I '-141 "ITT'TI'. 111"1<!>1~
~1·l~11 "ITT'TI'. '1l'c1cfi ~ cp"l'[o "ITT'1T I
The nine ways of being learned
(Nine attributes of a learned
person)- Being learned,
virtuous and noble; being
skilled in exposition, debate,
and composition; and posses-
sing the three qualities of study,
practice, and activity for the
benefits of others.
374
Set of Nine
..,.... ·,11~·'\, ~9·«1 'i""-'<11 ·i111·«1 $F.a1114 Tl x-11~1 ™·

q\Jl'
xi 1 ~1 'llfcl'lT, ~ x-1 1 ~1 'llfcl'lT,
~9''(1/lJ 1 <1"!'i'9'i1 "'~9o,i·~·~r;·1 ~ r;·
ilfucll-q ~ ~ x-11~1 ™·
i1 f.ll"l''<J ~'<!O,'')ll"l'~II ~ x-11~1 ™· ~ x-11~1
~=- -1'ITT=. cl'R:, ™· m,n x-11~1 ™· m

'llcil>~ "1cf 't!,cli:!?,x x-1 1~1 ™ e1m ·,is:fi:l?J
~:, sfu:-:, i>lf'l.l'1.' '111.IHcfi:, f1 1 ~1'llfcl'lTI
i:fixiOI:, ~ : . ~11"1~il I The nine attitudes while
'l I c 'if> aj' ffi- -1'ITT, cfR, adhering to (going in touch of)
~ . ;fu:-, 'l,'Tf'/.l', '111.1 H cfi, i:fi xi 0 1 a spiritual teacher- Attitude
(i:fi Ixi f1i Ii:fi ), ~ <fm W"'1" I like that of a wise son, Vajra-
The nine figures (Appearances) like attitude, Earth-like attitude,
of drama- Charming, heroic, Mountain in a circumference-
ugly, terrible, laughing, fearful, like attitude, Servant-like
compassionate, wonderful and attitude, Sweeper-like attitude,
peaceful. thread-like attitude, Door dog-
like attitude and Good friend-
'\~·11a·~"'ll'!1i"i'"~"i·qa·fil11~·~·il11iw· like attitude.
'\i !l·11(r;iw·«·~·!lo:il11o,i1 ~·t~·!lo· (&l'"l&l''\, ~ ·,;,9o,i· ~ll''<'il<>j'~ ·o,~9'~"i'
il11iw1 o,i·9~·~'!10'illl"IJ "'f"''~9·~· '<0.'llJIII ~9'~3j'llJ0,1'0,'\0,l'',0.'llJIII ~-
~-~·!lr.i.'illl"I I 9"i'9"J9'~'!iO.'il110,iJ "'9 O,I' ~ 11·«·il"i'~."'~9-~"i. «o.·llJII' t r;· i:; I
~9-'\....~-!la·il 110,i 1 ~9-,,. ~-!la·il 11iw1 ~ '"'9O,I'~ 11·CJ· i1"i ·~·o_~9-~ "i·«a·llJ11·o_sr;·
(·a·~·!la'illlO,iJ 9J90,l'Q~r;·~·!lr.i.'illl0,I' 2J1 ~·,;9o,i·~11·« il<>j'~'"'~9'~"i''<0.'llJII'
~11 i<>j''JI ~·,;,90,I' ~11·«· il<>j'~'"'~9'~"i''<0'
q; t"<l I oI fll ?J ~ 311 .1$1 ll • I 'l 'l if> I til
i"''/lJII J ~ '",90,I' ~11·«·il"i. ~ ·o,~ 9'~"i'
-1q"-11 ·<11q-11- $f.a'1<:J,?Jck\
™· cl \ii ck\ '111 cl 'i I, ~ «a. <1,;,. a;'\.il'\.«o'llJII I ~. "'9 o,iA 11·«·il"i.
'l1'Tcl"',T, ii fu cl I;g 'f-1.l 44t1 cl q 'llfcl'lT,
~·o,~ 9'~3j''<O.' ~11'9]/lJ'llJllj ~·,;,90,i·~11·
'lj_<'ll cl q '111 cl '11, 4i'{!cl q ™·
,uqaq ·,i1c1'11 ~i>R't!,cli:!?,xclq '<' il3j,~,~ 9'~3j' i,r.('[S'\. '<,;,. il3j.~'llJII' ~ .
'l1'Tcl"',T, ·,is; rl ?J cl q '111 cl '11 ~ I
q; t"<l Io Ifll ?J 'if> 3TTJJfll 11 uf@ 'i';_lit[ 1
fl'lll aj' SI <!>I~ '1ft "I I i:l 'l I-
375
'\':I""'1! Set of Nine
<f<f 'SJlq.-Jl<Jl•lf:- ~-qc'11i:f>I'/: 0.'\ '\.a;"l~ ':)l'<:J"l'"r~ OJ'

ct1Fcl,i:f><t1•f:, c>1lcnlrn,<t1•!:. W<J-
~<'11 i:b 1,: c1i fcl,i:fjq ~ rn '11' f:,
1:;11 ~·~c:.-~·1:;1"l·QJ·~QJ·1:;11 "l~·~"l·~·Q•ir
~-qc'1 Ii:b I,: c>1i fcl,i:f>'1U1 '1 '11' f:, QJ'~QJ·1:;11 )"1'"1";!0r~ '13i'3i~· ~c:.·Q·~9
~-qc'1 Ii:b I,: ctl fc1ocb'1\', 11-11 •f:.
~: C'llfcl,i:f>~l1'1•11-11•f:.
~-~"1·1:;1"1· a;"l ~·~-~ I 'il"l·'\~"i·~·~lc;·
~-qc'11i:blx: 311'1"14'11'[:, W'l- '!jC:.' 1 ,i "1''\~"i·~. ~~· '!jC:.'1 ~''\"l'~'Q'.'.)~·
~c'11i:bl,: Fc1:tfcl-d<11•f:. W'l-
~c'11i:bl<: c1~fcl,i:f>fc1~1"1'11'f~'cl I ~· '!jC:'~1 '\"1''1' ~-,,,";!~·~· '!jC:.'~~11
;rt 'lllcl'11'll•f- ~-qc'[-311i:bl'i '1<11<1, 0 fl,i1f.'l 'lcllf.'l- 'il'll:J,~111:,
cf,T c>1ifc1oi:f> i:wt. c>1lcn1rn, lJT1t iiti!lj~111:, 1-11\',11~1,i:; ~ ~111011
'
~-qc'11i:bl< C'lifcl,cf> Y~rn lJT't, fc1till"II ~ Y1Y"'-11'11f.'1, 3lfm:rr-
~-q<'11 i:b I< cti Fcl, i:b "'1U!l=I lJT1t, ~ : , !:'~-1111.-ic;~f.-ig11:. m-
~-qc'1 Ii:b I'i c>1i fcl,i:f> '1\', 1'11 a\, ~ : . x-f'<l ~
~-qc'1 Ii:b I'i c>1i Fcl, i:b ~ 41 •I'11' f. -g-,J:, ~: ~ g11~'<lfa I
~ 311'1"141-11•!. W'l- aj 311 q, o fl 'l lf<il- '11T 3J'Ff<l,
,-qc'11i:bl, Fc1jF<l-d<11•f ~ W'l- ~ 3lj~ll1, .:ms
3lj~ll1, ~ zfr'1T
c(; u: ~Qlf'1, 3lfc1€.llc11f1'11'ifil,
~<'11 i:f> 1, c>1i Fcl, i:f> fc1 ~l "1 lJT1t I
g) -111 H et; c; ~I .-i @11. g1 -111 H ci>
Nine types of Path of
Meditation- Worldly fine and ''I Iq '11 g11, x-fC<f ~ 'ffiim
<Ii
coarse aspects of the path, trans- -g-,i cl111T cft., ~ 'ffiim
et; t,i I
worldly path, small path of the The nine obstructing stains-
worldly fine and coarse aspects, Obstructing stains of attach-
mediocre path of the worldly ment, obstructing stains of
fine and coarse aspects, great hatred, obstructing stains of
path of the worldly fine and close-mindedness, the six
coarse aspects, worldly fine and secondary delusions ansmg
coarse aspects of the path of from the three root delusions,
preparation, worldly fine and the latent level of ignorance, the
coarse aspects of the uninter- abandonment on the path of
rupted path, worldly fine and seeing of the lesser vehicle, the
coarse aspects of the path of abandonment on the path of
liberation and worldly fine and meditation of the lesser vehicle,
coarse aspects of the special the abandonment on the seven
path. impure grounds of Bodhi-
sattvas and the abandonment on
376
Set of Nine
the three pure grounds of Bodhi- 9~·s'\·'\,1 'i~"·~·~9"·s'i·iol\· 1

sattvas.
->1"'·'.i··~riol\·~"·q 1 ->1"-·f._·a.\'i.~-~"·q 1
'ir~·~i:r'i, "-~9-~·'ir"·~"ll ,:::.·ll.!@·
f "'·a.~"l"·s'\' f ol\9 ~<:i·1<5""'"·q·~~-
'ir"' ~"ll "-"l·sf~:"r"·~<:it <5""'· 9i'i·
<1 f s"-·'.i·rs<:i·~9·~"·q1 f ~<:i·1g9"·
"lol\·a.\9"·~·"'r". ~"ll ~ "1-~a-"'r". ~"l 1
"l'\111 ·r-f"' r.i I ~<:i·5"'. '.i·§c:_. ~. ~. ~ ·r-f". r.i I
il9·1J<y~·'ir"'~"ll 9~ "'·~·'ir"' ~"l l
5"' "->\"-. '.i. ~ol\.~111·r-f"' <i~\ I
-i,c:: a.Jf9"·~· '\r ". ~"l l "l ~'i-aiol\·~·'ir "'
'1<1f<'IEI: 1R(f:- l1<if ~ : , ~
~<:i·i5'11 -i'is;•H,l~cl:, ~ -i'IS:cfil"l~cl:,
~ ~:. q~tji'l
'1 <I~ I ~ ~ :- "!<1 c1 ft! f:l'; . i3iUT- ,iS:i\1611. '3m~ ,is:Rl""J -efa'lur-
1I I r:i rti r:;,. :. {lj-,p I rti r:;,.,. f.1 •r 15"1 a-
q~ili'l -i'ls:•1u'l~1:, q~ill-flm~
~ : , '.),~ cfi I ft! f:l';:, cfi Iwl c1 ft! f:l';:, ~ : , 0m,lfc\ -tis:cfi1R1"-
~:. \il:S·t11il1Rcfirtif:l';:
' ' ~ 1
,fll<F1ftif:l';~~~ I ;J't Yil>R -.t 1R<I"- '1Ul -i'i

.rt l,I I't "'" ~ ~ - "!<1 c1 ft! r:;,.. ~ - ~ -i'i ~ 1-1(:l~cl,
~ ft! f:l';, '5l ~' I ft! f:l';, ~--efa'lur -i'i ~ cfi I"I~ cl, -efa'lur
f.°1 •pfl <1 ft! f:l';. '.),~ cfi Ift! f:l';, -i'i 1W<[ .\re'! ~. q ~tj 1-1 # ~
ft! r:;,.' ~ . "fEIT-
ij, hil c'I
-mm. '3 m' # ~ ~ -efa'lur-
Y~il "I T'f ~ •iu1~1. q~tjl-flmx
tj IRcfi ft! f:l'l <ll!:IT , fl I11 '1 ft! f:l'; I
Nine types of attainment- # ~ ~•1R~ <1l1IT 0m,-~ #
Attainment of walking under- ~ cfilR1"cfi I
ground, attainment of walking Nine categories of Bhairava-
in the sky, attainment of sword Maha-Bhairava in the centre,
(attainment of invincibility with wrathful Mahadeva in the east '
a sword), attainment of wrathful Karnadeva in the
outshining and benefiting south-east, Bhilirava of deep
others, attainment of pills, blue colour in the south,
attainment of eye-lotion, wrathful Brahma in the west,
attainment of treasure ' wrathful VisQ.u in the north,
attainment of swift-footedness wrathful GaQ.esh in the south-
and attainment of elixir for west, BhrQ.gariti in the north-
extracting essence. west and wrathful Kartikeya in
the north-east
377
Set of Nine
~Jll''-1 ·1i:i·i:r'\~ 1:1~3J'9'i"i''\C:.'9~9~' realm, achievement through

engagement in the six
5l')''-IQ.'i3J~'~9''>1'"-~9''-IQ.'~9'~1:lf perfections such as generosity
i"i·~9~·oiz,:!"i'~9 "1."19~''-IQ.''>13lf etc., achievement through
engagement in the noble path
a;"'\. 5) '\.i:i~ l al. '\al 9~· '-1''\C:.. ~"i''-1 f (path of seeing and meditation),
achievement through engage-
~'•:9~3J·ufc:.•r~·'\9·<11 i'\·5·;;1·::i· ment in the four immeasurables,
9~3lf 3J("i''-1•:~~·q, ~3J''-1'~3J~'iS'\' achievement through engage-
ment 1n the absence of
3l[5 "i ''-I'~ ')''>I'~9· '-la.'11 apprehension of true existence,
1<1m - ~Rl4mll:- tl:lT"lT- ment in the threefold purity,
~ I\).fi 'l I4 f&-l \l '«'-l I'1 !,l Rl 4 f&-l:, achievement through engage-
~ =
... ,-11, <
... c,1~ ~c:q1,flia1\.I,~.
, , ment in the --threefold goals,
~ - ~':1,~~'11"1 achievement through engage-
~- ~
fcl~<!l8i'l0-sc1\.I~.
-
~-
ment in the clairvoyance and
~.
f1cl$1cil\.19.f&-l\.lf4R ~ I
~- ment in the omniscient mind.
'1)3l~''\~ ~9''-11 ')'-1"1.'l:lf al·i9·q1 ~~
"'1't Jffl!,TR \.I Rt 4 ~ ll i- RI 111 "1 Cll-
1'.l lgfi 'l Iq f&-l 9.f&-l J.I ,~ 11 \.I Rl 4 Fc'a, §C:.'! 1:1~'\'9'\l ~9~·~·~c:.·1 ~c:.l1
GI11 ~ ~ "\4 Ii! flia 19.f&-JJ.1,~ 111,1 fa
i:m'('f, 3ll4'll'f (;;;~l1>1lcl11'll'f)- ~9'~'>11 ~'Q'Q;s~·~11
9.f&-lll,~1'11,1faqf&-l, 'clR 3lJ.ll-JIDl- 'lq ~=- 1"'ITT:, cfR:, ~:.
'i f&-l \l '«'-l I'1 J.I fa 4 fni ll i. 3111 c1 J.ol '1- ~:. i,l«l'j, "1lll1c/i:, ~:.
(,i ,ll ffi<i; 1'11 c1J.oi1) 9.f&-l{\Q 11 J.I fa
<"R:, ~ll'f1~'<1fa I
i:m'('f' 81 'l O,5 c1 fcl ~!% 'i f&-l J.I fl1.!R-
J.1 fa q f&-l, ;:iq~~ll (~-'3q~~ll)- "'1l ffi- o/ffi. cfR. ~ . ~.
6IBI. "11.111c/i, c/,'(iDI (c/il'(ifillcf>),
9.f&-l J.l {\Q 11 \.I fa 4 f&-l. ~ -
~ 11 J.1 fa q f&-l cl1m fiq\c/iii!$1dl- <"R am W"'f1" 1
'i f&-l \l ,M 11 J.I fa q f&-l I Nine features of dance (nine
The nine achievements through sentiments)- Charming, heroic,
engagement- Achievement ugly, magnificent, smiling,
through engagement in the frightening, compassionate,
meditative concentration and
aggressive and peaceful.
absorption within the formless
378
!!] . <J~'~!!] Q~<J'l!jlj3i'l!j~<J''J"-'
"-i;·~i;•r~~·~'il!!]'<lf ~i;·~ci·il<J~·1qf:\· l(~·!!]~'f<J~'"-~!!] CJ~<J'l!jlj3i'CJ~·qf:\·
'ill!j'<lf ~·~1·~·'ill!j'<lf y\~1·~·'ill!j'<lf l(~·!!]~. f o1~·<:i_~!!] 3ioJ'oJf"-'oJ~<:i_·UJ~'
~"l'"-5"-' ~1·~·'ill!j'<lf ~"l'"-5"-'i3i'<I' ~1· ~-fo1~·~!!] ~o1·~~·o1~<:i_'U,J~'~'f<J~'

~·'il !!]'qI ti•r~·"1·!!]1:1·'il !!]'<If t•r~ ·(ij' !!]1:1· "'~!!] %·UJt;'il1·qf:\·fo1~·"'~!!] ~1·8'1:\'
'il!!j''J' ~ '1'!J~ff f o1~·~!!] "-"]!!]'<11:\' f <J~'"'~'11'"11
~ ,i;·l-f Ifl 1--Y t; Ill t'll "l<r ll I'11 f.'I 'Jql'.II ;i:ii,1qf?a:- l l ~ -
~lq<f>l.!1'11-f. llfcff:, 1Gc11llui11fti,1qfni:. ~ -
'
~fl-fcllll'1'1, U111fti,1qfni:. ~clui11,i'114fni:.
'
ii llla "'l ll 11 i,. ~1.1'"11~1a="'l=1.1=1=1~i,. 3ll<f>l~I l'i"<'llft'i 1qfn-1:. fc1$11111-
' ' 'Tl.1 ft '1 Iq fi'a :, 311 Fcl,5!i1"'l Il.1t1 '1-
'18 Ill' I' Id"'.'l '-11'1 'j, ~·~~~
3ljll I' It1 "'l-
ft'i I4 fni:. 'l-!ql!,l{i',14fni:. f.Rm-
ll 1'1 't, 3lfalll'lt1"'llll15!i1fa I
xi'114fni~-<1fa I
~,l;-1-fl 'fl'I--Y'Gfll' ~ .ft 'l!Ff-
.ft ll <f> I~ qfJ fl 1-f I4 Ra ll i lll1.l1r
~lq<f>lll'1, !.kll<f>~<i,lll'1, ~- ~ xi'114fni, 18€11.1 ~
ft-fcl l! 11. Rn ll Ia "'l <111. 'cl'llf- {i'114fni, ~ ~ ft'114fni,
tl"'l'-11'1, '
lll'ltl"'llll'l, '
',i,11.11'1- ~~ ~ xi'114fni. 3ll<f>l~ll'1'Tl.1
ct "'.'l '-11 '1, ' It1 "'l '-11 '1
3l j41' <l:m ft'114fni, Fci;,,1111-Tl.1 ft'114fni,
3l fa '-11' It1 "'l '-111 I 311 fm ii "1111.1 t1 '1 ft '1 Iq fi'a , "'fqfl.l'
The nine vehicles according to xi '1 Iq fn-1 <l:m f.Rm xi '1 I4 fn-1 I
Ngingmapa Tradition- The Nine kinds of meditative
Hearer's Vehicle, The Solitary absorptions- Meditative absor-
Realizer's Vehicle, Bodhisat- ption of the first meditative
tva's vehicle, The Action Tantra concentration, meditative
Vehicle, The Perfection Tantra absorption of the second medi-
Vehicle, The Yoga Tantra tative concentration, meditative
Vehicle, The Maha.yoga Tantra absorption of the third medita-
Vehicle, The Anuyoga Tantra tive concentration, meditative
Vehicle and The Atiyoga Tantra absorption of the fourth medita-
Vehicle. tive concentration, meditative
absorption of infinite space,
{<J111·~·1r1i ci~o1·!!]1i'i·1i;·2ii.l.·1(~·!!]~· meditative absorption of infinite
. consciousness, meditative
absorption of nothingness,
379
~: Set of Nine
meditative absorption of peak of the body imagined as internal

existence and meditative and mirror.
absorption of cessation.
"1~ "'"'i';l <1:i· ;s_;; I ~r:;· i5a\ I <1:i· i_;;·?fU,i
~r:;-~·~a;·')l!IIJl!l""l~"~5f '.l]r:;l!l'')';j '\al 9i,i ·
~-~a;·ila\1 ~i!J·flo.i·;sa;1 ~-(IJCJ'U,I
<IJ 9~911l'<l!a; 1 ~ r:;·~ .,,:~:a;·~'i!J=°a;'i!JJ
1iri"·::i·ila\1 !a;·ar1 ga;·s1\11
J
~ r:;·"~a;·'\ali:rii,i·<1a: 1·<;!o.i 1 ~ r:;·"~a;·
1<1f.'l1ci f.'IEll'1JJ 4'Uct,:, ~l,iHslct,:,
'i.i9i,i· 'Ja_. ~cii!J I ~"."~a;.1al9i!J' 'Ja_. f 1 'i131Y,j</J:,
'
'ict,,ct,:,
'
i/>fil4$:,
i'll'l,i/>:, '1f.;-;ct,:, .frc.r:, Gll.1ct,~i1 I
~ r:;· a: "~a;·'i.:i9i!J.'Ja_.tll 1·o.i·s'i·'Ja.-~a; 1 -i't :!! <IH ~ ~ f.rfq- IR!<ll,
a;r:;· ~-~ i!J' <1 "'·{9i!J' <la_-~Ill I 'ii". CJta;.~II ~l:S;!slct,,
'
'li514'Uct,, 'i</J'<c/l,
if> ID q et,, i'I I'i , if>, 1 f.;-; if>, .fie!
-1q fl JJ IUI I <•l''<l '1 q ll f'H :-
~ Gll.1ct, I
31 l<•P'<l '1 '1_, ~ ~ f.l kl '1_, ~IR'1T"(. Nine types of treasure- Padmaka
~:. Wll'cT: (Being endowed with lotus),
311c'1kl'il41ll:, ~ . Sankhaka (being endowed with
'
;rm1Tl't-rr;;ri:;r;cr.::r.,r;::a;""11'l1v:' 3lU!T-
conch), Mahapadmaka (being
c'1 fcl i/> C'4 i/> Ill, 311G~\~'i1~ I endowed with great lotus),
-i't fl'll~~ 4llfll Makaraka (being endowed with
311c'1kl1, ~~f.lkl, flJJIRf i/>T crocodile), Kacchapaka (being
c'le:rul, fl JJ IRf i/>T 311 c'1 kl '1 ~ . endowed with tortoise),
flJJIRf i/>T 311c'1kl'1 '341ll, flJJIRf Camaraka (being endowed with
i/>T 311 c'1 kl '1 !l""R. fl JJ IRf i/>T tail (Yak's tail), Nandika
311 c'1 kl '1-JJ '1 % I,-31l'cll"x. 31UTic"! (Joyous), NIia (Blue) and
fclct,C'4ct,ll.1 ~ ~ I Dayaka (agent of giving).
Nine synonyms of visualization ::i~a;·cil'i!J·')';j \a;·il\<Ja.·::i'!ja;·::i°i"IJ \~·
of concentration- Visualiza-
tion, reflection, sign of medita-
ariri·'Ja..::i,ia;.Cjr i!J1 \ a;·'ir:;· ~a;.'Ja.·Cj ~~
tive concentration, object to be ::iti,iI r:;_;;·90'.ir.l:CJ'!j_;;·CJ°ii!JJ Clg'!:j"-1'~'
visualized of meditative concen-
::i,ia;·ci°ii!JJ iiri·::i'!("-1'i r:;·::ia.·::i ,i_;;·CJ"ii!J\
tration, method of visualization
of meditative concentration, °€"1''J'~"'·i;l_;;·<1a.·::i,ia;·ci"ii!JJ ~\<1·1"'·
door of visualizetion of medita- ai a;·<1a.·::i'!la;·ci"ii!J I ~ci·<1· ~._·aia;·,J/l:
tive concentration, basis of
mental engagement of visualize-
tion of meditative concentration,
380
Set of Nine
'1 ii fl'l t-.i ~ 11 '(--o:l 'l-

f.Rcl cl>~ 11,---1 'i, "IZ:.''\l
fli~. wclc1,~1101l-l,
' ~..,·<f"II ,;,c:.·t<'ll sz:.·~<>l"II 1i·"l1 ~·
c/J~ <W5~ ~ c/J ~ 1101 'i,' 3l c/5 I{> fil Ic/J-
~ 1101 l-\. ~:~i!1""ii"ll~~ml1~01~"\, -').I cl o11 ll t/l o:f·9 3J'lo:f·9
~,i!>~ll0ll-\, ~ ffl-
9a.·'il9·t1~11
~1101'i, ~ ~,c/5~11-bi ~ I
'
./t ~ q, I'< cf> ~ II f-?1- f.Rclib -m'l '1 ii fl'IEI 'i ~ lei c/54 I'1 'i,
' '
~1101, f l i ~ ~1101, wcl"c/J ~ll=i(--ll\-,c/5=1~~~4m1=-1='i, 'i g Ill I'1 l-\, M-
~ 11 '<"0I, '!?,<:fig~ c/5 ~ 11 '<"0I , (1 C---j ll 1'1 l-\. i1 ll j (1 C---j ll 1'1 l-\. 'llllT-
3lc/Jl{>fillc/5 ~1101, ~:~ ~1101, (1 C---j41'1 l-\, fq Qt1"'141 '1 l-\. l-ll"Q-
-!,fcfU[ "cfi ~ imo ffl cITT'!T (1 C---j lJ 1'1 l-\. l-lt;lf.1"-l..-Jlll'1 ~ I
~1101, ~1101121' "cfi ~ imo ffl
cITT'!T ~ 11,---1 (1~ ~ "cfi ~ -').!lclc/541'1'i,
'
~ ffl "i:ITT'!T ~ 1101 I ~. fA> 4 It1 C---j 41'1 'i.'
'iine types of treatises i14\t1 "'141'1 'i, 1.11•It1"'141'1 'i,
' '
(commentarial works)- The 'H3 I lj' I 'I '1 ~ lj I 'i 'j, \
31=j~l.1"'I
1~1t1="'1=-
meaningless treatise, the mis- ll 1'1 l-\, 31 ~ 1.11 ' I a C---j ll H ~ I

.Jl ll I~ cf> "ll'R- ~~Ic1~c1,-4m1~'1.
leading treatise, the meaningful
ll <'-ll c/5 1.fl ll I'1, 'i t; Ill I'1, fA> 4 It1 C---j
treatise, the deceptive treatise, "4f"I, i1 4 tj (1 ";j 4 1'1, -rr4\rri'1=t1=";j~4m1='1,
the uncompassionate treatise, fq Qt1 C---j 41 '1, 'i I(!t1 "'1 ll 1'1 ~
treatise that causes removing l-l t;I f.1 &1 "141'1 I
suffering, treatise that causes m
stressing hearing, treatise that ~lei"' ll 1'1, ll <'-ll c/51.fl ll I'1, -./\fu-
causes stressing debate and fl c<l ll 1'1, fA> ll It1 C---j ll 1'1, i1 4 \ t1 C---j-
treatise that causes stressing
practice. "4T"I. 31 jl.11' It1 C---j 41 '1 11~
3l ~ ii'J ' It1 C---j ll I'1 I
i!9·<r~II''\~ ~'\''l"l'~'El9't/f ",C:,'"IC:,"I' Nine categories of vehicle-
Vehicle of Hearer, Vehicle of
*"l'~·'il9·t11 'il9·i"i't/Q.'E19·t11 £'~'\·~·
Solitary Realizer, Vehicle of
11 9·t11 j\~'\·~·119·t11 ~<'l'<:\["-'~'\·~· Mahayana, Vehicle of Action
tantra, Vehicle of Performance
i!9·t11 r,r~'\·~·'il9·t11 "l'~'\·~·'il9·t11 tantra, Vehicle of Yoga tantra,
:(9"1' t/'i "i.2ir.l.'El 9· t/~ll Vehicl'e of Father tantra,
Vehicle of Mother tantra and
381
'\':J~I "'filc!'f: Set of Nine
Vehicle of Great Completion 31lc1Rl'i't,

tantra. 31lc1Rl'i't, Yi:i!i<"-ll"lcf'ii:01 ffl:
OR 311 c1 Rl ..j 't)fi'r I
Vehicle of Hearer, Vehicle of 'i't ll <Ii I< <lft c;~f 'i ~ ll '{Rd '1161-
Solitary Realizer, Vehicle of
<li <"'l 'i 1- 11 $ I<.I H cfi -H 1111 "ll "IJJlf
Bodhisattva, Vehicle of Action
~ 'lic1' <ITT 311 c1 Rl 'i , 11 i5 Ill I'1
tantra, Vehicle of Performance
tantra, Vehicle of Yoga tantra, "'1T1f cfi ~ <ITT 311 c1 ~ 1,
Vehicle of Higher yoga '1 $1 ll I'i "'1T1f cfi ~a, <ITT ~
(Mahayoga), Vehicle of Highest <lR'f cf"IB ofc'I <ITT 311 c1 ~ 1,
Cohesive yoga (Anuyoga) and q <i!i C'"ll IOI <!R'f cf"IB ofc'I l!iT
Vehicle of Higher than the 31[c1Rl'i, Yi:cf'i('"lllOlcf'ii:01 ~ l!i[
highest yoga tantra (Atiyoga). 311c1Rl'i. 11$1<.11'1 cfi m l!iT
311 c1 Rl 'i , 11 i51 ll I'i cfi "'1T1f- f<!-q-ii
&1ifr:;· 'J!""~"l"""Jijr:;·("l''\';l ~ "l'i 'I."laJ' <ITT 311 c1 '<al 'i, "'1T1f-'lic1' cfi ~
'\5ll!-l'i'"l''\<l91!-l'CJ\ ~9·i<\""laJ'~·(?f, <ITT o11c1Rl'i nm q,cf'i<"ll1011cl
c!'i , of) ll q;i:\ <ITT 311 c1 '<al 'i I
"l''\<l91!-l'CJf ~ 9·i <\'"laJ' ~·.i·"l~<\·s91!,l· The nine conceptions of
~ "l" 'lit~l!,l' CJ'"l' '\<l 91!-l 'CJ l 9"1<\"\<1.S'\. grasping at the object of
engagement to be abandoned
CJ. 2v.1:~l!,l' CJ' "l ''\.i 91!,l· CJ 1 9"1'1·\<1·s· 'l~· on the Path of Seeing-
Grasping at the general
1:1.!,ll!-l"'J"l' ')<l 91!-l' CJ l ~ 9·i 'I.~.~91!-l'"l" Mahayana paths and fruits,
')3J91!-l'CJ\ ~ 9· i<\'"laJ'~'~"l'"l'')<l "]l!-l' grasping at the nature of
Mahayana paths, grasping at the
CJ l "laJ' ~''\5ll!-l';!'".C:.\ <\'"l'')<l"]l!-l' CJ l power to eliminate discordant
forces from the Mahayana
"1"1<\'\<\·s·'l~·"ll!-l'"l''\<l91!-l'CJ~fl paths, grasping at the power of
'icl Rl"I I c;~f'i~ ll '{Rd'.116]- the persons who work for the
<li<"'l'il- 11$1<.ll•HCQ -Hll11"<.1111'f- welfare of others, grasping at
q,c1{'<.I i'1lc1RF111, 11$1lll'il11'f'<'ll
the result of benefiting others,
' grasping at the Mahayana
~ 3llc1Rl'i't,
lineage, grasping at the object of
111 'f '<'ll ~aw:r the Mahayana paths, grasping at
3llc1Rl'i't, q , i!i C'"ll IoIi/i d o1 c1 '<'ll
the self purpose which is the
31lc1Rl'i't, q, i!i C'"ll Io Ii!i, o Iq, c1 '<'ll
result of the paths and grasping
31lc1Rl'i11, '1 $1 ll l'i' rl':.1 '<'ll at the activities for benefiting
'
11$ Ill Hl1 I' ffclq ll '<'ll others.
382
Set of Nine
&I <:'tj<:''lljlllllr O.!:J~'!i' a;· 31 ~ Ir<-1 '<l>T 311 C'1 Rl '1, llT'f <ITT
Fc1 q ;fla ~ '>i'I ~ ~ '<l>T
~· 111 ~ "-'S'~·<i'r:i·<J'<>l'1~111~·'I I <>l&1'•>r~a;· 311 C'1 Rl '1, f.Rm i;ei fuf& et)'
~·aflll'l~a;. <J'"l ''i~Ill~·ci I "-111111'~ci· >i-l ,<1 <1 : '1ffiT '<l>T 311 61 Jisl '1, t1 I fil 
i;ei 3lU Ifil et; %'! fk<1<1: '1ffiT
ci~a;·'l"-'~a;·<J·"l·1~11l~·Q1 i~·~·~· '<l>T 311 C'1 >iii '1, '1:[~ et)' "1,<1 <1:
~· ci~ a;. 'I'-·o,~a;· 'I'<>l '1~111~·'I I 111a;~· '1ffiT '<l>T 311 C'1 >iii '1, &fl aIcl <1
'
61 '1 <11 '1 iJ1l '161 T 311 C'll<l'1,
il 111·i a;·t'"l&I' 'i <:.0.lll"l' Q'')&la;. 'Ill..~Ill~· fc1 ~I'<! 1:f>R et; J;ITT't ~ "1ti
~ cffC'1T '<l>T 3l I61 Rl '1, • et;
~&l~''J'"l' 'i~ Ill~·ci I o.si~·!i'l5'i''I"-. u,· ~ ~ ~ q 1,/ fi'I <11 '<l>T 3l'RITfl
<>l'\a;· 111 ~ ._.~ 1·ci·"l ''i~lll ~·'II ~ &1'&1~ a;.
"1ti ~ cffC'1T '<l>T 311 C'1 >iii '1 '<'12.!T
Fc1 '(><i, ~ c'<1 <1 ~ "lR ~ et;
t·~·~,_·~a;·t·~&1~·aia;·~')''l'"l''i~lll~''lj l,RT ~ '<l>T 3l 161 Rl '1 ~
'3 "1 I ' f l c ' l l - ~ , '11 I
"-111"l '~a;.<!~')'"l 'ofIll~·aia;· <J'Ql ''i~Ill~·a;~· The nine conceptions of
<!~a; ''1"-.~ a;· '1~11 grasping at the imputed object
to be eliminated on the Path of
'l <'I f<'IEI I Seeing- Grasping at fruits which
t;: ~ f'1 ~ <1 Y $1 f<'tl'J I15 <'I> ii<! -'I I- 3l~- are impossible to attain,
cl'('( lf> "11 ~ I'<1, I"1 Jisl '1'\. lTI1f grasping at wrong apprehension
fc1 qfla~<l 011 fi'lf-1 ~ ~I I,<1>'11 C'l"'i '1 of the paths, grasping at truly
lj. ~ : '(iC",l(l: 'Wffi- existent negative and positive
SSC'1Jisl '1 'j, t1 Ifil lti Ifil c/,i J;ffi'f phenomena, grasping at truly
fk<1 <1: 'WffiSSC'l Jisl '11-J, '1:f~ existent phenomena with or
' without spirituality, grasping at
fk<1 <1: 'WffiSSC'1 Jisl '11-J, '1 l$ I<11 '1
' truly existent conception of the
1-J I' ff<1 fc1 q fl <1 f<1 aft aIcl <1,l '1 <11'1 f<1
mode of reality, grasping at the
' i'bl f<1 3l I 61 Jisl '1 '1, fc1 ~ I '<! lf> c'1 J;ffi'f
' degenerated lineage of lower
3l '(5 Rl >ii a 11 't 3l I61 Rl '1 't, "14 $11 \>.)'
vehicle, which contradicts the
~ q1,fi'lc11<11: ~ Mahayana lineage, grasping at
311 C'1 Rl '11-J, fc1 '(5 <i, ~ c'<1 <1 cl <1 persons not interested in the
' '
'11'1 I~ fi'l': ~ C ,
311 C'1 Rl .fJ 
C
c'<1 superior fruits, grasping at
<'P-f "1,<11 fi'I f-1 ~ ~ I~ 'i1 fa I persons lacking the practice of
;it Sl<'l>I~ ~ t::~f-1~<1Y~ the perfection of wisdom that is
'.115 <'I> ii<! -'I I- 3l~ ~ 1:f>R et)' a cause for producing omnis-
383
Set ofNine
c1ence and grasping at those ~f,i1ct,~~ er; l1R er; 3ltfll 'IJTI!,
being seized by maras (evil ljjc>j Tim 3lfu.r,, "c/,] 311 c1 ~"·
spirits) which are obstacles to ~ '"'1T 3'ftfll qRQ;::
one's practice. (ftra,ct,) "c/,l 311 <'I !iii '1, q <et, c'II IoI
•i{i:;·,y:;·("l'"l'IIJ~'-·~"1·1,1 -z,~·,;i:;·~·"lai· ~ er; 3'ftfll '3 q II.I "c/,l 311 <'I~"·
~-~ J, 3ltfll '3 q II.I q;[
CI.Q~{"l~''l''jaJ~'<J'"l''jal"l~·'lf <l'j"l' 311 <'I !iii '1, '3'l'fl.ll~- ~ er; 3ltl1l
'3 q II.I "c/,l 311 <'I !iii '1, fr.r ~ q;[
i~·,,fi:::~-~~·1ai~·<1·"'·1al<11~·<11 '11"1~·
311 c1 !iii ..-i. tr.r 3lfu.r,, q)[
\~'!<l'<Jil:~<l~''jaJ~'<J'"l''j3J'l1~·<11 ,;i:;· 311 <'I !iii '1, fi'l ~ I'<'. "1-Jlli <li1 ~ "
mat ~ '3{lcl', Fc1..-i1~1 "c/,l 3llc1~"
\~'!<l'<JQ'~<l~''jaJ~'<J'"l''j3J'l1~·<11 Tim fc1 ~I'<'. ljjc>j <li1 ffi '1 ffl
Ill~ ~-"la:\~. ~<I· <Ja.. ~<I~·1ai~.<J'QJ· ~ '3 {l cl', fc1 '11 ~ I "c/,l 311 C'l lisl '1 I
The nine conceptions of
1al Ill~·<: I tJ<:. s·1ai~·<:·"' ·1..iIll~-<: I grasping at the object of elimi-
{ "l~''l''jaJ~'<J'"l''jal"l~'<I\ QJaJ'~1·<1,;· nation to be abandoned on the
Path of Seeing- The grasping at
~ ·ai'{<1·<1 ~ ·~ai~· <:·"'·1al Ill~-<: I C1.51~· the inferior paths, results and
realization of the Hearer and
~·~1·<1,;·~o.1'{<1·<1~·~ai~·<1·"l·1al<11~·<1· Self-Buddha Vehicle, the
<1;,~·~11 grasping at the inferior spiritual
master who is the fundamental
'1 <1 fc'lc.1 1 c: it f'1 ~ l1 f.'l qRtn1 rru- cause, the grasping at the
<1> <"'l '11- '>I Icl et, ~ fli et, ~ ll 1'1 f<.I 'cl inferior means of fulfilling
3'ftl 'l 'l I' ff<.I q; <'I I ~ ' I'l x-'l 'tlTc'!- others' purposes, the grasping at
~ --1 '1, ~ qfi'I ~lllt1'l qRll io{ll the inferior means of fulfilling
' ones own purpose, the grasping
(ftr!:i et, {-ll) 311 <'I !iii '1 '\, q, et, Rl Ia1-
at the inferior means of
R'J ,l: <tl 'll q II.I <-l1 3'f I<'I !iii '1 '\,
fulfilling the purposes of both,
~ ffl ,l: xtl 'll q Ill <-l1 3'f I <'I !iii '1 'l,
' the grasping at the inferior
311<'1/isl"l'l,
' object of abandonment, the
&i'1~ll{-ll 311<'llisl'1'\, i,~'11~'1'1{-ll grasping at the inferior
311 <'I !iii '1 'l, fi'l ~ I<i'.'.1-J Iif ~ a"<-l1 realization, the degeneration
'
t-afcl=..-i=1~=1<-ll~ 311 <'I !iii '1 '\, fc1 ~I'<'. q; <'I caused by the failure to attain
~ a"<-l1 fi'l'11 ~l<-ll 311<'1/isl-i 'cl I superior paths and the degene-
.ft l,I <Ii 1, ~ C: it f'1 ~ l1 f.'l qfttr ration caused by the failure to
'.l I (ii <Ii <"'l '11- m"clcfi ~ attain superior fruits
384
Set of Nine
lilc;' "-'"l'~"i' ,i 4$1 '{i) q) "ljj"c'f afluT m et

srfcr ~ <ITT 311 c1 ~ '1 I
<l\ ~/3,·~"\·~c;·"l''\al<!]ISl'<l\ ~Q,'~ISI'
The nine conceptions of
'\al<!]ISl'"l''\al<!]ISl'<l\ ~''\<!]'<:!~"i'"l"-'~"i'<l' grasping at the substantial
object to be eliminated on the
"l''\al '11 IS!' tJ l ~ ·'\<!]'<:!~ "i'5l '\'1·~"i' <l'"I' Path of Seeing- Grasping at
those to be accepted and
'\al<!]ISl'<l\ <:!lj<!]ISl'<J',;'o1·1·~"i'<l'"I'
abandoned, grasping at their
'\al<!] IS!' tJ l al· ol(i"i.!<!] IS! '"I'~"\. <J' "I' motivation, grasping at their
faults, grasping at their truly
'\al<!]ISI' tJ l <!]~ "i. 'J'"I' ~"\'"l'"I ''\al<!] IS!. tJ I existent nature, grasping at their
lack of truly existent nature,
r.\QISI' !:,'6,3/'o/~"\ '"I "1'1)3/"I.<l'"I '~ "\' <l' "I'
grasping at their mere imputa-
'\al<!]ISl'<l~ll tion, grasping at their negative
aspects, grasping at their
'I ii fi'l<l I .-; 'l f'1 ~ ll i;; &l '11 i5 <f> <'<l •ll- antidotes and grasping at the
g41 q I~ ll lfi'r PI cl ~I:, (1 ff1 '.i <11.11 '1 I(1- degeneration from the resultant-
~'11-[, t1~'1q1c1~'1't, ITT fk11'{i)<l- omniscient mind.
sfi'I PI cl ~ 11 c1 ~ '11-[, ITT 3H-k11 '{i) q )ISl'{"i''\';l )IS!' { "i':i"i''J! Q,;°ISl'<JQ,'1"1'
3lP1 PI cl~ 11 c1 ~ '11-[, ~ $1R<1111-51 'i Ifi'r-
Pl cl~ IIc1 ~ '1 I-[, fctcr~- {"\! "-"1',:i'r.\S<!]'<l13.·11S1·{"\l "1~·~1·~·
"' '"1 '1,
'
i;rfcrq-anfi'I PI cl ~ 11 c1 ~ '1 '1' ' )IS!'{"\\ af·~/3,·)ISI'{"\\ af·~'!]'~')ISI'
-H 4$1 c1 t1,"' c1e:ril 3lfl:! PI c1 ~ 11 c1 ~ .-i
"'i)fc, I
f "\ \ '!J{'!]'"l'!]'fc;·~·)ISI' { "\ \ '\'!]'\' { "\ \
OJ't Sl<f>I-! ~ .-;~f'i~"lfi;;cll' 1ffi,- 1"1· f "i'S '\'"l~ll
<f><'<l'11- g41q1~11 srfcr et '1cl)<'tlc11:- '1i51cticl:, "11\"1(j),l,;,liq:,
~. '3{jcj\ "fl:f~ <ITT , , r
311c1~'1. '3-Hil\ zyf <ITT 3llc1~'1.
,nc; 1'1 lcti c1 :. iJ_,;;1 <'t>x 0lcticl:.
q.51 ii lj cl qi ff1 cl:' q 1\:1 cl qi cti cl:'
'3 {iii\ "{i"\'<I et '""
,'j ~ '
fcl;:, 1,1 ff1 cl:, 311 '1.-i-;l ff1 cl:, <'bx oft
m <ITT 3llc1~'1. \j{i~ m \
et '"" i\ ~ m <ITT
11 lfficl ~ii I
"'1't '3 <ii cl-
311 c1 ~ '1, ~ $1 f«1 "W) et srfcr
,n' c; 1.-i'1ct1 cl, iJ_,i; 1<1>x 011' ct1 cl,
~ m <ITT .:,i1c1~..-i.
fctcrecr et srfcr ~ m <ITT
q 5! ii lj cl qi ff1 cl ' q 1\:1 cl qi ff1 cl '
fc1 i5 I'1 ff1 cl (fc1 i5 I{I ff1 cl ). 311 '1.-i';l-
311 c1 ~ '1, ,rfi'rqe, et srfcr
'ct,q "(1'm 11 ..-i 1~ "1FI <ITc1T
~ <ITT .:,i1c1~'1. "(1'm
'3 ff1 cl I
3&5
Set of Nine
The nine great festivals (occa- ings )- Reality of meaningful

sions) celebrated by conduct, all meaningful
Buddhists- Great festival, conducts, difficult meaningful
festival of birth, festival of conduct, meaningful conduct
cutting hair, festival of forming through every means,
the crest, festival of the fifth meaningful conduct of holy
year, festival of the sixth year, person, meaningful conduct of
festival of monastery, festival of all aspects, meaningful conduct
rejoicing and the festival of of the poor and wishful one,
celebrating. meaningful conduct to be happy
here and hereafter and
thoroughly pure meaningful
i\a;· J1·c.i·~'"~·.;'\ I '\"l'l.'z:J3:i\a;·g'\' -11 conduct.
~'"~·.;1·~-{ a;~·i\a;· g\c.i1 a~-~'\'". <l'\ll]''\, ,;c:,-~'o.Ja;°3i'~'\-~~-~Q''-lj ,;r,
c.ia·i\a;· g'\. c.i 1 ~'". c.i· ~'"~- .;'\.~'\a;·g'\. c.i 1 z:J~a;·~~-~z:J''-11 (if~'\·~~·~z:J'ql
oi""c:. ~-~c:.·'l.i\'\c.ia·i\a;.!'\. c.i 1 Cl,~.'\ c:..ll1 "13i 'l~3i''-I"' ~Q''-11 UJC:.''\'lj''-1"' ~Q''-11 \~·
~· z:J~ 'z:J"'Q,~,,..z:Ja·i\a;. g\ c.i 1 ~'"- c.i,;. '\ll1. '\o.J''-l"'~z:J''-11 \[€-°\·~ '\'~~-~z:J''-11 ~~·
c.ia·i\a;· g'\'c.ii{11 '1:l' ~z:J''-11 ,;c:.·?:'~-°\ ~- ~z:i·c.ii{11

'l<lfcll'.II 3f~'ifllf- 3 1 ~ : , 'I <I Fcll'.I: 3fT<1fT (3ffill)- ~el"T-
x'fcIT 31~, 5,C'C/,xl 31~, R-1 <i, I"11, "fcl"1 I cJ Ri <i, I"11, "frfll-
,14a'1~"J 31~. ~ - R-1 <i, I"11, xi R1 Fclfl <i, I"11, i:wmtr:
xicJl<1i1x1 31~, ~ R:i.i,1"11, atc1R-i.i,1"11, "0@:
31~, ,)61j?i'<j'-'11 31~, R-141"11, x-cJ'(ii4d R-141"11 1*f I

fcl 'Q<i, I
31~ "'<f I -'l't M<t>I, -q} 311<"'1- ~!RUT-~
-'l't 11<1ITT' ~ 31:!l'-='tf-ll...f- 31~ 3Tfc'liT, ~-fu-.i,- 3Tfc'liT, "frfll-
"iliT ~ - "11fr 31~, 5,C'C/,{ fu-.i,- 3Tfc'liT, {i R1 q,-fu".i,- 3!Tc'll,
'
31~, fl4a'l'.j.&'1 31~, ~~: fu-.i,- 3Tfc'liT, ffi"q-~
fk'j,'{i'l cBT 31~, flq\q,I{ 3Tfc'liT, <: cl.1 d: fu-.i,- 3Tfc1iT <!i1!T
31~, fumawtq; 31~, fcJ '<'> qa: fu".i,- 3Tfc1iT I
i;i;l'.j.·5Hj~ 31~ ';cf ~ Nine types of ego (inherently
31~1 established)- Existence by its
Nine meaningful conduct own character, inherent
(giving appropriate teach- existence, existence through its
own entities, true establishment,
386
Set of Nine
existence as its own reality, n1rvai;ia without remainder of

ultimate existence, existence as aggregates.
its own suchness, substantially
established existence and <l.~l·fa.,·("·l, ia.,·cicl.·ia.,·<f1 ia.,·cia.·
existence from its own side.
C\9c:.· 1 i,ycia.· <!'ic:.·s; I C\9c:.·~· ia.,·<f1
"~a.,·r.r°'arr.rl, &l·,"1·'J1\·<:1~a.,·'J1 i<11·
<l.9c:.·~ ·<l.9c:.· 1 a.sc:.·~ ·<!'ic:.·~·1 if:;c:.·~1\·
<:1~',r<:11\·<:1~a.,·'J1 ic:.·CJ1\·<:1~a.,·'J1 <:1,<11·
:i a.,·<f1 <!'!c:.· ~a.<l.sc:.·1 <!'le:.·~a.<!'!c:.. ~;:{11
al\'Jil <:1~a.,·'J1 ~c:.·<:1·ai· ~ l·'J1\·<:1~a.,·'J I
*>4Ell<1): .fCf cjjJ•ll:- ~
Cl_~ "l''J'"l' ~l''J1\'<:1~3j''J] \ ,ic:.·<:11\'~Ql!,I' ~:. ~ "l&f'l:,
~-<:1~ a.,· CJ I !:le:.·<f· 'll "l ·•r,c:.·Q;sl!,I· CJ/:\·~·c:.a.,· ~ qflrn. ~ -

"llR:. ~ "l&f'l:, ~
/\11!,1' Cl_ l l!,I' 'J1\. Q~ '\. 'J I !:le:..cia.. 'll"l 'SJ' al\ qflrn:, qflrnfll ~:.
qfl rn fll "l&f'l:.
qi:\-~· c:.a.,.ai l!ol·<l.l l!,I' CJ/:\· <:1~ a.,· ~I I
qflrn~i1R, I
'l q fc'I Ei 31 f.'t <'<1 fk1Fi .
'H ..-<! '1- ~ ~ "'ft q,'flf-
'
~&Hi,lll-\. ~'"'-1<11'1i<'<1l-\. ~~lf"ll-
'
~. ~
f-1<'<1"\, ''iCIQ"-'llf-1<'<111,, ~ - ~ cfi cfi
c'lt];, "l&f'l
'
f-1<'<1"\, <1c\.15l"llq1lJfi,lll-\, ' o..
filq01- ~ . "l&f'l cfi "l&f'l, "l&f'l cfi
~)4f.'tc1\01fi<'<1l-\. ~- c'ltJ c'ltJ: cfi ~ . c'ltJ: cfi
f.'tc1\01fi<'li ~ I "l&f'l Tim c'lt]; cfi c'lt]; I
"11 "lr<l>R ~ ~ - 3lf.'t<'<1fi,ll, Nine types of desires within the
~:i'sl f-1<'<1, ~~<1 lfi <'<1, ~ ~ lf"ll fi <'<1, Form Realm- Strong of the
''1cl q"-'11 fi ,ll, fcl'a-1 clQ"-'11 fi ,ll. strong, moderate of the strong,
c1c\.151"1lq1lJ,i,ll, ~- inferior to the strong, strong of
f.'lq\u1f1<'<1 zci f.'t'6q~~l4f.'lcllu1 the moderate, moderate of the
moderate, inferior to the
'fi"fll I
moderate, strong of the inferior,
Nine types of truth- Truth of
moderate of the inferior and
impermanence, truth of
inferior to .the inferior.
suffering, truth of emptiness,
truth of craving to existence, \"1'1l~"l· °'ar•r,, <ll"l.~\~,·CJ1\· i"l·
truth of craving to destruction,
truth of means to abandon them, <:i~"ll "1"1'\'~,·'J1\'i"l'<l~"lj l5·~,·
truth of nirvfu;la with remainder
'JI:\· i "l'<I ~/\IJ arc:. l!ol· l\'IJ'll!ol''Ja· i "l'
of aggregates and truth of
387
~: Set of Nine
<:i ~"' l "i'i'al 'i.<I'"' JG'~""•1.r <ic,,· i 9·<:i ~"' I <I\ 9"iJG'"l'9i\~'<1! 9c;·~9'"''9°\"'ql
~'°'·~ ..~·~..~·<io: i9·<:i~'°' I ~·<:i·~..~· '!;I'll'"'.9"i~· <l~ll
<la: i 9·<:i~"' I al'·c,,~a: i 9·<:i ~"' I al'·!· "lil~\'.I: qffi: ( ~ ) - ,11,-c11q1t1.,

u4c11fl:. ,1t1q1tr. 3Ht114c11<1:,
..a: i9·<:i~<ll·afn ~= lf'Qcllfl: ~=
, ..!, ' '
"lil~l!i ~:~- 311<"1R14Fi'n5.:~. gq•1&1,n*1:, ~~1,11*1~-.:lfa I

q,fc1 qf&-15.:~. $11 R1R1qf&-15.:~. -art Y'<l>R c5 qffi ( ~ ) - W'ffiT
'l{l •Ifc1qf&-15, ~. 31lfl'11fc14 f&-1- if '<'1Tfl'. w\ if '<'1Tfl'. 'fl'cr if 'ifRl.
311 tl 14 if '<'1Tfl'' WTIU!Tr--.-c1>~5.:<Si "'cl I
The nine religious abidings-
-'it !I Ii! c5 ~:<Sf- 311 <'Ii fc1 4f&-1- Having devotion to the Teacher,
~: B, q;:fc1qR'cJ5,:B, $11fafc1qfi'n- having devotion to the Dhanna,
~:B, '>fJllfc1qfi'n5,B, 311'<1•<1- having devotion to the Sangha,
fc14 fi'n 5, B. ~~ C'1fc14 fi'n 5,:B, having devotion to the Master,
having devotion to the Abbot,
1~fc1qf&-15,:B, ~:B
having devotion to the Guru,
~ fllH1i!lfl:ic1>5,:B I having devotion to one's own
Nine types of suffering- dwelling, having devotion to
Suffering of self-deterioration, person and having devotion to
suffering of others deterioration, one's own country.
suffering of relatives' deteriora-
~ 51 ·<1,._.~,._·r.r1':_l 9~9 ~·Mi·9~9.,..,r 'l'
tion, suffering of deteriotating
wealth, suffering of deteriora- <:JO,'~... ~,., l 9~9~'al\9~9~'"1'l~~·
ting health, suffering of
transgressing morality, suffering ~..·~,;! i9'<10.'~3J'~"l i\"l'i!Jf'1'"ij~'
of declining view, suffering of UJ~· g·""i 1·~·~""·~,; I ~"":i:lJG'oJ~.,,·~~·
this life and suffering of next
life. ~A""'~"! %·UJc;'al\<io.·~..·~"I .,,~.~~·
9i\lG'<l'')':_l { i\'<1'"1'9i\~'<ll r~·"l·9"iJG' al 'i'<io..~3J· ~" I "'~·~JG."'qj'9· <io..~ .,.ij,l
fil'<:J ''i?:j°\'"I ' ,i',.,. <:J'"' qj'9'<10,. ~..·~,;.(11

<I\ 'ill\'"-~i\'"l'9"i~'<ll
9"iJG' If.a ~-

311 c/5 I~I 1'1 "T11 I11 ci '1 fc1 lfler:, fc1 $11'1 l- =iii=5-1=,"<I, i3,Uf[, 'cl~ "c/5R, "'1Tc/>,
'1 "<"<1 I11 ct '1 fc1 l-Jl er:, 311 Rl, 5f<'F-<1-
,
~. ~ . '!-"1'11 •\ nm 'J<'; 11-J 1•\ 1
fcr:iter:. 3H-i $11 Fc1 lfler:. x-i $11 f.'ifltl"- The nine orifices for conscious-
ness transference- Crown of
fcli:rlm:, ~ & i ~ t ! R I I the head, forehead (between the
.Jl ~ <t> I '( cf> ~lff- "1if'r "1'l "c/5T eyes), eyes, ears, nose, mouth,
31fi,,i'1<!>'1 ~ c!@T fcr:iter, navel, urethra and anus.
~ "1'l "c/5T 31 cl C'il c/5 '1 qiB
')<l''\, ( ~&l&l'~'lli!.l&l'~'i'i'\'"l'~'
c!@T fcr=ner, {j-Mq "c/5T fcli:rlm.
311 cb I~ I1'1 "T11 fc1 '1ler, fc1 $11 '11'1 "<"<1- <1~a;·"]il"]&1·r.iS;·iz::.·?.fBS\r.i"'-·1i:r..S;·'\<l'
fcr=ner, 311 f2I; i1 '-11 Fc1 lfler, m:i$1T-
'\,) i:.i:/l:i\Z::.'~'&IZ::.&l't&IJ gz::.·gCl.'i\Z::.'
fcr=ner, ~er nm
~erl ~·gi::.·i!.11 G"i·<,1a.·i\z::.·~·~z::.·ir1 .i·9~·
Nine types of liberation-
<lCl.'i\Z::.'~'9~"'-1 &1·;{9·~·9~,;1 ~·~·
Liberation of the embodied
looking at a form, liberation of ~&l'C\!3&1'~'!'QCl,'~&l''JJ ,i>f&1·~~'i\Z::.'~'
the formless (poking at a form,
liberation through beautiful t~·qa.·~, ~'\'&l')'Z::.i\'l'.ICl.''fi\Z::.'~''""f"''
form, liberation of infinite QJ&l'Qi>;'<lCl.'t~·ir, &I i{9·~·~i\-ii\ ~
space, liberation of infinite
consciousness, liberation of '\~;{11
nothingness, liberation that
lacks discrimination, liberation 'lif '3 i; I i,'(011 f.l (~lfi !l Ifill 'l i
of cessation of discrimination RI ct11'.11 '1 I '1.!, rfl'..11 11ct •Iif IJf
and liberation of cessation of fl Al "tfl Y•ll o I i(i)q o 1) q ~ tc I f.l
feeling. ;yq '3t:lt:x 0 11f.l)- i:rail ~:,
~&l~&l'"-?.i°'Cla;'~'"l''\, £z::.•.r~9 ~i\'

~ ~ . gq Wx:
(3f""f"[), 31clc/>~ ,-c10\'f, ~
i>i£i>i&1J 31 9 ~·<11 11 Fl ~·<11 ~· ~:, 31G;'h~ l/J&i<GI<'; ~1fc1t1:,
"1 v!' cl -A <)ii, 'J0:' eti(i) q ~ -
~i!.lj Q.fjZ::.'~i!.l'.Wll l]'l,Rf: il!bclJi ~. ~-
'lif fi'I $11 '1-·tls1> I f.a !!,-© I f.l- ~ - i:M.51-tiRI I
'
<'V',, i3,UIT, ffl, q,UT:, >;11 o1'1,
.Jl '3i;li;'1"1 ( ~ g1f1l111)' ~
:Ji!.sl~, ~:.' '!-"1'11 •( ~ 1f <fl'll'lct•l'>l tf
if! Al .-.J ~ cf> YSf!UT cf> i(i)lJ
'.!<;1'11 11~-t!RI I
'If '3 4 ~ 0c: .Jl '3 i; Ii,'( o I)- qc;:r
389
Set of Nine
.'j ~'
=,-r=\,rr
"l':1,'-f'l<I
.'j ~
,
'lrnT
'/,'"
.'j
'1R (3Fl), ~ .'j x-crut.
1flc'I .'j
'-lj Q,~''i"-''ll"l"i')'Q~ 'Q"-'"-~ <(Q4.'ft"i·q,
f.rfu. ~ .'j 1:pc'f '3 i:<1 Ic; 1 ct't
~ Ifch-1, "1 vf,
cfa .'j ~ ct't 'jfct,
cgfffi <1
~ "<1:!fr
~ *
1flc'I .'i
1Tll .'j iii/, q Ji
xR I
~.si·c.i,;·'izri·,:i3.·ft5i CJa:"n
1<ll<lil'1 <;.1'1'1_- ~.
The nine examples (the nine {i&C:11'\, <_:;,tcli,C:11'\, fl&ffi'j<li

illustrations to prove the c;11'1,' flcU'{iQC:11'1,
.~ '
flq\q,1<,;1~'1.'
existence of Buddha nature
8
Rl=t1=1anf1~ i'/i c: 11 '\. i'i t: I'j-::1-:Ji!!i
within the mental stream of all c; 11 '\, R1 'IJ<i, c; 1'i '<lfu I
sentient beings) - A Buddha in "'i't g ~ ,t GR- ~ .
a lotus, bees in the honeycomb, fl&C:11, <_:;,tcli,C:11, ,i&cfl'ji!si c;fl,
grain in the husk, gold in a fl~'{iqc;11, xiclli'/i1<c;11, fclt11a1-
rubbish he;ip, treasure beneath ~i'/ic;l1, i,i,l'j-::1'\ji!si GA ~
the earth, the potential in a R1 'IJ<!, c; 11 I
seedling, a statue of Buddha Nine types of giving- Natural
wrapped in dirty rags, a giving, giving of all, difficult
universal king in the womb of giving, giving to be practiced in
an ugly woman and a precious every way, giving practiced by
object buried in the ground. holy person, giving practiced
through every aspect, giving
8.'"1''i':l Fl ~-Q·zri~o.ir ilzri·zri~o.ir C!!'lc;·
practiced for the poor and
"Ja.J\ zri%·"Ja.J\ ':f';l.'11''11~"'1'~!! wishful one, giving practiced
for being happy here and
"'1cf 1;1;~ I f.!- 'ji!sl'\, g cf;1lT, g ~. hereafter, and pure giving.
'JGl (i:n::i;:), 't-::! '11 •I: , g <lfO't '<lfu I
"'1l 11~- ~. zj q,Fl, zj "cl~ ii·'zri·crQ{a,<1''\':l f
~a.J''-1"-. Q o,i· c.ia·l\~'
'JGl (cfPJ), 't-::l'il'i "<1:!fr cIT m I ~~, ~.si·q,;·~zii~·q3_·"-)'~"'ll ~.i·q,;•
The nine orifices- Mouth, Two
ears, two eyes, anus, urethra and "-8.~-zii~zri·qa·")·~ ~ I ~.si·c.i,;·Q.si·qq·
two nostrils.
"-)'~"'I! ~iSl'CJ",''jiSl",''-14."Q,)~"'lj ~31·
!"i'<r~a.J'"l''i':l g"i·,:i3_·f2f~'il ~a.J~'c'i'
c.i.,.f ~-c.ia·"')~ ~ r ~a.J·c.i,;·£-zii·c.ia·l\1·
g"i''-11 'i"1'<'IJ3.·g"i·ql ~a.J~'c'i·i·if'
~o.il ~a.J·c.i,;·<>.{,;·Qa·"-)·~o.i1 ~o.i·9,·
"io.i·g"i·,:il ~o.i'E!''ia.J'<i3.·g"i'<ll ~.si·q·
~-")·~o.i·~n
390
Set of Nine
'l <l El I ~"•Pll <l '11- fcl ..[) C'I if> fi $11,
fcl '-!,ll if> fi $11, fcl go -ii Ic"I if> fi $11
"IC.'"'
!f111·~1 !f111·~i\'.:ii\·r.i1 "l'lf''-11 {&l''-11
(Fcl4'§,'lcf>fi$11), ~-
Fcl C'l'I f%a cf>fi$1 I, fcli'.sl Ifcl cicf>,i $11, {r.''ll "'~'\''-11 ~"-'"'1 "-fil'''ll ~r.·
~ -
~~I
~ - '"~11
./t 1I<!>"R ~ ~ ''l I<l '11- Cjq llGmf: ( f . r i f ~
fcl '1~ C'I if> fi $11, Fcl '.J,ll if> ,4 $11, -'lq: llGmf:)- i;ficr:, 3fR,c[:,
fcl '.J."-i? Ic"I cf>fi $11 (fcl q '§,'l if> fi $11 ), oo.~.~-~-~-
~- FclC'l~f%cicf>fi$11, '.J."lll-\. ~ I
fcl i'.sl Ifcl ci cf>fi $11, ~- q[
~ ~ 3ffemiw I i;ficr:' 3"iflcr:' "flci'<:,
Nine types of contemplation of ~t;IOl'l. ~ : 'I 'l'1"l,
'
the ugliness (Nine types of 311 1'l~-i1R1 I
1
contemplation of the impure -.it ~ ( f . r i f ~ q} .rt

feelings)- Perception of the ~ ) - i;ficr, 3ITT,q_ 00, iJRT,
livid (bluish corpse), perception ~ . cl>"\, "CJTCf, :l°Z! TI:2TI llTllT I
of a mottled corpse, perception "llT
i;ficr, 3"iflcr, 3fR,c[, 00, ~ g IoI,
of the worm-eaten (corpse),
TJTo, llTlll', 7T'l"! TI:m 3lT'T'l I
perception of a maggot-ridden
The nine topics (As asserted by
corpse, perception of a Digambara)- Life force,
decomposing corpse, percep- contamination, vow, old age,
tion of a bloody corpse; percep- bond, action, sin, fortune and
tion of the bloody (corpse), liberation.
OR
perception of a corpse devoured
Possessing life-force, not
by wild animals, perception of possessing life-force, contami-
the burned (corpse), perception nation, vow, abandonment,
of a corpse scattered in pieces knot, liberation, going and
and perception of bone. coming.
&"111·~-~"''\, ( ~·~ll]'N'll]~"-~·..a.·~"· 11,(r.ON·~·'\i ?."·r.ia:&1,sr. «i'~i\ I &1·?. «i·

'\,) !l'111 "1"1''-11 {&l''-11 ~·i:i1 Q.~r,· r.ia: &1,sr. «i ·~i\ I <lfi\«i· \\\i:i"· ~·"',sr.". '1!:i\ I
'"1 "l'Nl ~111·r.i1 'l~\i\ol<'ll ~,;·r.i/{'11 ti\·~·&1,sr.«i·~ I t'I· a;'\'"'"-'&1,sr."· '1!:i\ I
391
~: Set of Nine
' "l'J''l'l/~''J 'i!J~t;~''l/~1 ~t;'~''l'l/~'

q I<;! '<ii c/J I~ i =c/J~Ic1""'1 f<l ' 11 c'1 I "f"!:) I
<J,li!J~i;~·'l/.;,1 a:~~·'JQ_'i!J~i; ~·'l/.;, I i!J'
"ll ~~- ~ . "WI, ~. c/T1.;.
a.~ ~''JQ_'i!J~t;~''l/"i' ~i!J~' ~11 ' 311 ifi I~ I, 'ifiTc'!, ~ . 3lTc'1T elm
"f"! I
<{q ~~<@l:-
Nine types of principles (the nine
31 f.'! ,i a ti "'I ':l,il<1:. principles asserted by the
,1 "'.< ';! cm :. f1 'f1 ffi f1 "'I ':l,il<1:. Vaise1ika)- Earth, water, fire,
fc1 te c; {i 'f1 ffi f1 "'I ':l,il<1 :. ~ Itil Icl - air, sky, time, direction, self and
\ '
C'1 Iifi '1 f1 "'I ':l,il<1:, 3lU1 Ic'1 Icl C'1l ifi '1 mind.
,1 "'.<';!cm:. f1 qa f1 "'I ':l,il<1:.
31 fiqa f1 "'I ':l,il<1~i:1 ffi I ~~·'J~'~'\'
"J't M<t>I~ <f> ~~iffi- f.'!,ia !'.. C'\
i!J~a.· "1'"' '9~ ~· 'JQ,' 9"I ' 1 OJ I
,:,,, .....
~i;'i_~·~·
ti "'I ':l,il<1. 31 f.'! ,i a ti "'I ':l,il<1.
3l"Tclft~ '1 HA';!cm, f1 'f1 ffi- i!J ~Q,'"1'il· 9.;, OJ' 'Ja.'9~·~ OJ I
'<ii HA ';! cm , fc1 iU c; f1 'f1 ffi {i "'I ':J,il<1. 'JOJ'a.s~ ·'f:!i!J' <>1 OJ'~ i;.<ia.. 9~·~~I ~<:JOJ'
\
~ Itil Icl C'1 Iifi'1C/i "'I ':l,il<1, 3JUlTc'1lq-
c1'1c/J -1 '1 HA ';!cm. f1 qa f1 "'I ':l,il<1 i!Jfl~· 'JOJ'a. s~ ·'f:!i!J'"I'l <:ia.·9~·~ OJ I il·
a-:m 31 f1 +ga ,i "'I ':l,il<1 I i!J!i.;,·[90J ~·9~ ·~ OJI 9~ .;,·?Sa·[90J ~·
The nine concomitant factors-
Definite concomitant factor, 9~·~~1 9~·~~·~·{"-''ll i!J')i!J'~'\'~
indefinite concomitant factor,
temporal concomitant factor,
concomitant factor of
s-"-'<:iI i!J i; - -
~ '"1 i!J' <:i ;,;~· ~ 11
q '«J, :,11 '1 '(-ll <Jq <'fill o IEl 'l f:-
continuum, concomitant factor
~ $1111 '1c11~ffi~a clf1$11'1'!.
lacking continuum, concomitant
c/JYlll ~l'll\lffi~c.i cJfcf$1H'1.
factor of seeing outside, < " '
concomitant factor of seeing 31jq111cJo1~1&1.-i' ~
inside, mixed concomitant cJ{S,$11'1'!, 13q1<1cfi~~1&1.-i ~ -
factor and unmixed concomitant '11 g, 1,i '41·'tf1' c1 ,-g$1 I'1 I-\. fuq~
factor. cJ C(-S,$11 '1 'l,, >ffi'lc!~ cJ f1$11 '1 '!,
~qf<'\·rn11i•I:, IF1i'lf1'l<11, ~ -
~t11·1i ~1 <!!1 3)1 ~i;·1 "ii!J'i!JflCl.l +l'T"f: (311qfi'aq,c1 c;~\-i'll'I:) 'cl I
<likj,$11'1 <f> "J't <'llffUT-Eflf- ~
<Jq
~~1 [9~1 'l'\9 &l'\·\11
~&11Rl1 ~. 3'fl1l,
~:.
n 1'fq * 3l"f1" l'i 1'{<1:fa" "ltT ~.
ifi '<' o11 '{'t ~ 11 f.'a cfi 3l"f1" ,'j f{~
cl"f":l,:, 311 ifi I~ 11-\. 'ifiTc'!:, ~ . 31Tc'1T, "ltT ~. 13 q Ill '{'t ~ ma\ <fi
392
Set of Nine
<lil ~ oI 1./5 <'1 ~ q) "ITTTI x't ~ i'RT, ~oi·~ IN' .oJ ~a.· UJ IN' '\C::. IN' llj"j' ~ oJIN' 'I.~llj
'341'-l<lil~IC'l x't T@ "if;m l UJ C::.·a) 'i.~-'i(IN' llj ~. { oJIN' 'l~llj' ~ ''i,'\Ii
cfi I~ oI 1./5 <'1 ~ 4'J "ITTTI "if; 'fi 4) q
ma,r, fcrtl&l *
c1 ,1,$11 't !.! RI 4&l
"if; cl {1$11 '1, cl {1$11 '1 cpl !.I '-11' 1,
"'1cf 31'11tl<Pl,."l'-l:- " ! . ! ' ~
'jplcl{1'fil-Jl4R'n:. "!.!'~
'fi'k11 cpl !.141'1 Tim c;~l'11-J1•l 1 '1ltl I~ o1'iC'l cl {1,'fil-J Iq fi'd :, "!.!'~-
The nine topics that charac- UI I'1 'M fc1 ~ Ite 'iC'l cl {1,'fi 1-J Iq fcn ,
terize the basic wisdom- Non- ffi ctl'-lUI 1'1-fll 'iC'l cl {1,'fil-J Iq fcn :,
abidance in the extreme of ~ U I I'1 'M 'iC'l cl {1,'fi 1-J Iq fi'ct:,
existence through knowledge, ~~ 'iC'l<'1{1,'fil-Jl4R'ct:,
non-abidance in the extreme of 31 lcfi I~I I'1 'T'-l 'iC'l<'1 {1,'fi 1-J Iq fi'd :,
peace through compassion, fc1 $11 '1 I'1 'T'-l 'iC'l q {1,{i 'i Iq fi'ct:,
distant from the mother effect
311 Rt, .5(il "'-l 'i<'1 i1 {1,'fi 1-J Iq fi'd ~ '<l Ri I
due to lack of skill in means,
close to the mother effect due to
-..ft 31 '1 I tl cl 11Pl '-l f- ~ UlT'1
skill in means, Basic wisdom c!fr 'iC'l<'1{1,'fil-J14R't1, "!.!'~ UlT'1
classed as a discordant factor, c!fr ~ 'iC'li1{1,'fil-Jl4R't1, "!.!'~
Basic wisdom classed as an UlT'1 c!fr fc1 ~ I te 'iC'l q {1,'fi 'i Iq fi'ct,
antidote, training 1n basic ffi d'i '-l UlT'1 c!fr 'iC'l <'1 {1,'fi 1-J Iq fi'ct ,
wisdom, training in the ~ UlT'1 c!fr 'iC'l i1 {1,{i 1-J Iq fi'd,
sameness of basic wisdom and ~cl UlT'1 c!fr 'iC'l i1 {1,{i 1-J Iq fi'd,
path of seeing. 311 cfi I~ 11 '1 "<'li-'iC'1 i1 {1,'fi 1-J I4 fi'ct ,
lill1 ,.,."''i'IN''i, "" IN' -

<IINol'lljlji\'iC::.''-l'l''\C::.
fc1 $11 '1 I'1 'T'-l- 'iC'l q {1,'fi 1-J Iq fi'ct cf1m
311 RI, il "'-1- 'iC'l <'1 {1,'fi 1-J Iq fi'ct I
llj~' { oJIN'~11j <!INol'llj')<\''iC::~·,(IN' The nine uncontaminated
grounds- Actual absorption of
IIJ~· {oi,ira.~llj'$J·<i'·z:i I <11NMIIJ')"i''ic::.· the first concentration, ordinary
?Jo: ,rIN' llJ~·{ oi IN.~ llJ .13, ·q,;·Ui1 absorption of the first concen-
tration, exalted absorption of the
QINol' lljlj<\'llj ~ IN' qq,. 'i( IN'llj~.{ oJ IN'Q.~llj first concentration, actual
absorption of the second
QINol'lljry <\' llj '1:\ol''-lq_· 'i( IN'llj~ •{ oJIN. ~llj concentration, actual absorption
Cl INol'llj 1j <\.<I~. qq,. 'i(IN'llj~. { oJ IN'a.~llj of the third concentration, actual
absorption of the fourth
QINol'llj 1j <\' <!~ •qq_• 'i( IN'llj ~. { oJIN'~llj concentration, actual absorption
of infinite space, ordinary
~ol' olf"'l'ol ~Q.'UJ IN'~· 'i( IN'llj~. { oJ IN' Q.~llj absorption of the infinite
393
'\'.J~I ~: Set of Nine
consc10usness and exalted Asvakan;ia (Horse-Ear);

absorption of nothingness. Vinitaka (Perfect Bow),
Nimidhara (Rim-Holder) and
"1"'1.'')ll,l ~-", :.i·q, ~11r"i""' 'l/ 11r"1 Cakravadapracira (the Encir-
::l'-'~1 '<'oJ<:;l!ol! ~"i""l ;j""1il"i''l.~"i1 cling Iron Mountain).
oJ~ "1"~c;·f11 ~"i·?fia-~·"1~?f'illJ "1~"' '\~~,

.fq lJ"2"T=-
~I 31 if''
IG. ,--1.i: ' m= I
J:fllc'[: '
ac;oJl ~"11!-ll "1~1 l~l!oll 1c;·1 §~I
¥[:. qi:;,:qfc1:, wi,:, ~1"1~ibi:, ~-31-i·\11
<Js:, <li\)/il I
.fq lJ~- -efcl-, ffi, J:fllc'I. ~tf. ~M f.'I flf d : '1 <l fcl Q't ll El ll :- 'fcJ'Of'l,
qt,x-4 R1. wi,. m. <ls elm x"1('1'j, ('11!a'j, <'!T5':, q,1-cF1:,
~I , ~Tfiffl
:.;
c/J I, ~1-s·i!!!:,
'
~ cl 11'1:, 'iR!c-.
The nine Planets- Sunday, '1 "1 ,n-l ~ '<1 R1 I
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, ~ ~ f.'I flfa ;ft ari 11E1- x<f1ll.
Thursday, Friday, Saturday, rn, clffi, <'!T5', q;,/i ii '1, >gfilti cli I,
Rahu and Ketu. "ffi,I, \M 11'1 elm ~ '1 GFFi I
Nine main precious medicines-
~-'), ~"i·?:f1 "1~q_-~c;·q_~"i1 ~"-l'oJ'\'-\' Gold, silver, copper, iron,
turquoise, oyster, conch, coral
"'~"ii ~c;-~c;·;s"il ~-"i·i"1 lj"~l ~oJ" and sapphire.
"''.'.i"il ~·~'i'"'~"il f'-'~"1'~'~<!]1!-l'~i:\11 (-')ll,l ~"1'"1 ')'<'-\'<11 ~·i"1'"1 ~'\'§'''
-l<f q<fa1:- ~:. '.l;,-£"R:. <l"l'i'"1'\1 "'~"1oJ'~:!'~c;·1 ~c::·~, ~~·

~=. i!!!R,c/>:, '§~~1.-i:, 3ITcf-
z1a.i1 ~'<l'<l..SoJ'~ll
cf;llT: fcl f.'1 d c/,: ~ : ii i1i cJ 1-s
' ' '
~1-tfl,~-tlfc1 I .fq ~:- 'f"ITT:, cl'R:, ffl,
;ft ~ - ~ ( ~ ,rem), ~:. i;l{ll'j, ii'-11'1c/J:, cITTiU]:,
'.J;,-£"R. ~ . i!!!R,c/>, 1~~1-1. ~:. ~ll'f1~'<1R1 I
31 ~ cJ c/> ol, fi1 f.'1 t1 c/,, ~ elm ;ft ffi- 1'ITT, cl'R, ~ . 3l@-.
ililicJl-s~l-tfl, I N,t-ll, ii'-11'1c/J, c/,'{,01 (c/Jl{,Rilcli),
Nine mountains- Sumeru (Mount ~ c'fm m'fi"I
Meru), Yugandhara (Yoke- Nine features of dance (nine
Holder), Isadhara (Plough shaft- sentiments)- Charming, heroic,
Holder), Khadiraka (Acacia), ugly, magnificent, smiling,
Sudarsana (Lovely .to Behold),
394
Set of Nine
frightening, compassionate, "'1<l' "t,'1<l:- ~:. 31te'1if>-

aggressive and peaceful. 'F1', ~ : . ~ : . q°1<1~1'l-
~ ..... ,:,,.-.. ...,.. ,:..-.,. 'F1, ~:, ~:.
-i'-1'"-Cl''j~ .; ·c:io:.., ~·,:.c:q ~ ·c:io.·.., ~''-<II
Q,11 if>~'F1:, <nfu flfi"1'F1 ~-cl R1 I
~?!
~._·c:i,~·"l - e-.. .....
~·._c:i I ~oJ'CJ"-' ~<>1·c:io.·.., ~·"'c:il 'Oft •tJ'ti11i- ~ . ~ .
~.~.~.
~'l.l"c:i·CJa~~·"'c:il *·~ ·c:ia·~~·"'c:il ~ . ~ . Q~if>-
'.fi, 'F1 (f~ ~ I
The nine grounds (stages)-
Ground of family, ground of the
tl.f ~. '\9 'CJ11. ·~ ~'"-<!'<l!I eighth, ground of seeing, ground
of diminishing, ground free
1<lf<'lEII 'lffl- •H51Q$11, ~ .
from attachment, ground of
fiHQQ$11, Fcl'.j,fcffiQ$11, ~ -
realizing deeds, ground of the
m. Fclg;a Q$1 I, oFFa Q$11. Hearers, ground of the Solitary
oiR,iaQ$11, fll-11®$11 ~I Realizers and ground of the
'Oft 'l<!>R ~ 'lffl- •Ho IQ$11, Bodhisattvas.
cfraur m. fan:r m. Fil '.l,Rffi
m. ~ m. fctg;a- m. iloJON'~'!''l]i\"i''j~ ~~·~·11·%~·0.:5·~~·
3R"o m. 3lftra" m Q~
~''i'i'CJ''\9 ~~·~·11·%~·0.~·~~·9%9·CJ'
flR1cf\ m I
Nine kinds of knowledge- Great '\9 ~~·9%9·<>1·0.~~~·~·1\CJ''\9 ~~-
knowledge, sharp knowledge,
swift knowledge, knowledge of 9%9·<>1·0.~·~~·9%9·CJ''i9 i\oJ'oJfO.'
thorough liberation, extremely 3J~o.·tJJ~·i·oJ~'i I ~oJ·~~·oJ~o.·tJJ~·i·
profound knowledge, vast
knowledge, limitless know- 3Ji'j\ %·tJJ~'al'\'CJ11.'i'oJ~'\I Q,~'~ON'
ledge, unconquerable know-

ledge and perfect knowledge. il'\·o.~·~~·a:i 'i'.:ii\·~· i·oJi'\ I o.~·~~·
ON''j~ ~9'-1'~'~\ <i*'j'CJ1l.·~1 oJ•k·c:i11,· 3l'\'CJ11.'il3J~·~·~11
~1 ~c:i·CJa·~1 "''\1·.;9~·1~·s<>1·c:ia·~1 "'1<l' fl ITT <l l'fl 1:- 11'1 I cc! if> 1111:
1111cclfi~1:, 1111cclif>l111: ~if>cq-
s~·CJ·t;9~·CJa·~1 ~<1·t~·~·~1 ._~. fi~1:, ~if>ccli/>1111: 1111cclfi~1:,
~if>Mi/>1111: ~if>Mfi~1:, 311if>l~ll-
~~~·*~·~·~1 s~·tc:i·.:ioJ~''iCJa·~i>.'ll
1'flll11<111-1, Fcl $11111 'fl! 111 a 11-1,
' '
395
Set of Nine
3llfcl,5JtjnQ ,
111d1'i,' 4cH-i$111 I- cl_),Y ~ I'i 1 't, ~ cf> I!1 cf>'( oI'!,
~f1"".;,,~1~11=a~1~'i. 31=+1"'~,,,..,..,f1='
. ""'1=*1f.'l.., ~ I ~I
. '
-l't f1f«l<llf1- 1111Mcf>l11 1111M- -l't J,I I~ <!ft Ri ctl-~ -
. "I, RJ rn ,mq.,, ~ . ~.
W. 1111Mef>l11. ~cf>M'/i~ ~
~cf>Mcf>l11 1111Mf1$11, ~cf>Mef>l11 xJlRmq.,, ~ . ~ . 9;1~1~'1 .

.
~
~ cf>M f1 ,,n, 311 cf>I ~I I1 'T11 I11 '11, ~cf>l!lcf>{OI Cl~ f1'il~ I
fc1 $11111 'tll I11 '11, 311 [i}itjnQ 111 '11, The nine mental abidings-
4cl'li$1111'/i$1111'11 ';ci ~ - Setting the mind, continuous
~ I setting, resetting the mind, close
Nine stages of beings- Those setting, disciplining, pacifying,
who have different physical thoroughly pacifying, making
bodies and different discrimina- one-pointed and setting in
tions, those who have different equipoise.
physical bodies but same
~1'"ililff~·,ia·l1i ii'~·~i::-~"l-,f·~3-·
discrimination, those who have
same physical body but different E1"CJ~1·~ r '-'J"-''if-11"1·?.i"r 9~'1· i<1·~i::-~r
discriminations, those who have
same physical body and same !,"i'l'ifo.1·,;1 g91!,ri<1·~i::·,;r ~o.1·li·l
discrimination, source of infinite
~r ~9~-'if~9·?.i"r (i:i"·9'!:l"l.~"lf ~~
space, source of infinite cons-
ciousness, source of nothing- f'""-9' llfr "'~ ·19·i:i"\~· { 1· :i1·t:1,;·9~ill·
ness, source of neither discrimi-
nation nor non-discrimination "l"9'\l!,l"<litl[
and those who have no
faoild~~ "1cf "'li'l<l>IJJ~<ldl:-
discrimination.
~- i'T-1<1c'[: i'fffl" Jre'r !J-:ll~i/,
ijl111~'lff'l"'')i ~ol~"'\C:"5""-('!l"<lf ~'\·5· m:12!T- 11{c11 ~. 51'1EP'1
.,...,.+-, ' \ [I
i2f'Tc'll, •1tJ>., Yl 'i '/1, '111' I '1
Cl.(!ll"<lf Ill'\"~ ·Cl.(!ll"<lf lt:1"-"Cl.(9"<1[ i;l-S·'(I, lfl'G1" M, IJl, "11' Iiill
5,1rt:1,;·g1'<1[ ~ ·t:1,;·51·<11 ~oJ·<i,;·~ ·t:1,;· en,
"9,' I "'1"clT ~c1 'll c1 ~ . *'1
<six 11~ilR1 I
s1·<1r l·9%9"''.i"S')'<lf o.1~o.1·<1"'"-(9· fa..ia -q; -l't "JJ<l<l>IJJ ~<ldl- ~
<iitrr i'T-1<1c'I 3i'Tx (3 f1 ../, ™ T5I iJIT
lif1~c/il'/ t- 11'/c11 ~ . 51'1EP'1
1<1FclE11 ~:- ftrrn- ~. 'lITT Yl'i'(I, '111 11V'1
x~IY1't, ~ . ~ . i;l -S {I , lfl'G1" &51 Jl . "11 1Iiii I
396
Set of Nine
~ . "'1clT <JC'i'l1C'1 Tim m <l~'\I ~"·"1~"1 ~"-<l"II ~"'<l~'\I

~I
"1-i""{,;·t-11
The nine Gods of Tibet- Ode
Gung-Gyal and his eight sons, q) '11'.l 'l i', 0 1-Ri ""l<I" fcrl!fll":-
namely Yarla Shampo, i'fi 'R1 RJ ci 1-11 •H fl-1 >11111lf ~:,
'
Nyanchen Thangla, Machen 31'eii1 ~:. ilgcf~\'I ~:.
Pomra, Gyogchen Dodra, Y5!ilc;~\'I ~:. 311'.ec;~\'I ~ : .
Gampo Lhaje, Zhogla Gyugpo, ~111Fc1~1Rl ~ : . ilgfct~1Rl: ~ : .
Jowo Yugyal, and Sheu Kharag. 31'elfci~1Rl: ~:, 31'11cl~111
"l'li"'"'r"l"','"1"1''\i ""0-·~ 1 '\~i:;•r~~- ~I
"t!'\'<JJ ~i:;·~-q~-i"<JJ £"1~-~·q;s'\"<JJ

q) 'l\'.1-11"!,UT <t>,4 ~ "'1't
~ - fcl,f11 ffl ~ 413<1~1
i'\·~·q('\"<JJ ~"""1~1 ~il\';i"~~-<JJ ~- 31Tocff ft'rfu. i:/1 c; i', c/1 ~-
14'\"~"§!;,"Qj 9'i°i"QJ"'4Q"<Ja."11 q.-s; g q"j ~. ::iia1,gcfi ~.
<1~{iql ~. i:/)4){iql ~-
1<1 I<l,·1fll<I iFll f.1- ='"" ,, ffl,, 31§l~{ici"i ~ <fm 31'11cl'1i ~
&11cfi,01si, TJTm, ='3=c;1=1~si. Plc;11si,
' ' ' ~I
~9,"'1'1, 31{l,ci'j, 0q~~1~-,-)Rl I
"1l Efll-Y <I iFl- W, i)-I:[, Nine times of receiving the vow
&11cfi,01. TJTm. \::lc;1<1, f.'\c;11.
of Sailgha's confession cere-
mony- First day of the
~ . ~ 11m '3Y~~I I
concerned month, Eighth day of
Nine scriptural categories- Set
the month, Fourteenth day of
of discourses, intermediate
the month, Fifteenth day of the
verse, prophetic teachings,
month, Eighteenth day of the
verses, specific teachings,
month, Twenty-third day of the
introductory teachings, grand
month, Twenty-fourth day of
teachings, wonderful teachings
the n1onth, Twenty-eightth day
and finalized teachings.
of the month and Dark day of
ll]ii'·ji:;·~i:;·q,l~~-'\, i'~·"1~"1 ~~ fortnight of the month.
'
"~'\I i'~-q~-<i~J ~~·qi·'?!·I i'~-<i~
397
Set of Ten
1·i~·1:1~1 ~· 'l!,l5J·~·~1 <1· 'ii'-il 1·c:i· Clj

'\ci"J ·c:i f 91!,l 1 f 9· <'.·<lla.. ~"J·<'E'-iI ~c:. iil. \-i'"J'alc:·~9·ci~11
~l!,l·~1 ~-i·i-i·c:i.ac:·<f1 "-SoJ'f-i·~"J· q R"' fc;q t't .-i tt i.i:.tt 1 .:: ~ 1f<lm
c:ia.·"'§c:·9-il!,l1 r9·arrc:i·~·~·~i!,l.._<:i1 fcliiJ q (ill '11 3l f1 «b <"'F1 I.

{i ('tb C'4 '11, f1 '11,' Iq c/J C'4 '11, 3l'Rll-
l!,l'~·ci1?·;;1 _qf·~'CJ''lfol~ll &.l I'1 c/J C'4 '11, ~ c/J ('tj !1 h, c/J o's '11,
il§M!1 lf5c/JC'4'11, ~-
GW 'lf51iffi"'ll:- ~ WlTic:, \11 f5 c/J C'4 '11, fc'I ~ I'<". c/J C'4 '11, 1T"l:
~ \ _,,, ' ' =-of
q~lil•l, cpfqf 4<'1ii'I:, ill'l-<1 ~~ 312) c/J C'4 '11, 31m:4 '11 '1 c/> o's '11
, 1.1 <'I tFr. ® '4ir ~:. HR~.-i,..,,u~.-i -,'ln,1
;i)l •Hfll '1 ' 4 <'I tj '1' I'1 *1,,
(ij •I q'j :, q R<li fc;q <1 ~ ~ Gfl' "l!ili11
"itTT "11 ii. Icl I "11 i; '1 ~1 f1' ~ii:, f1 Icf<1 <!ft ftl-efll-cjj(ill .-j I 3ltl'"tl-
qfil;,:;tr. •n~q1 c·\51{1 "i'l'fc'r I c/J C'4 '11 , '<ff!' c/i C'4 '11. f1 '11 ~'I4-
Gfl' 'l 151 «I "'I ~ WlTic, (31Rl~11./ifc'ltl) =c/>="'1~'1=1, ~ -
~,li1'1, cpfqf ill'"l ~
4<'1i'l•I, c!,"'1'11, ~c/iM\11!5 c/>o<1'11,
, 4 <'18 .-i -;:,irr 'ltir ~. R .-i u .-i ii !!,('q \11 f5 c/i C'4 '11, f<'H-<'r•i I cl ti'l \11 ~
,,i•1q), , ;i)l•Hf11'1 '4<'!tj -qrA',
c/i C'4 '11, fc'I ~ I'<". c/i C'4 '11, "'1'T'1 ~
"itTT cfl ii Icl I "11 i; '1 ~ fi, { ii , f1 I<f<1 312) ctr c/i C'4 .-i I c1:m 312) et; "'11'!
q fil;g<4 a:m 'rl ~q I c'!! I f1 I ctl c/> C'4 '11 I
Ten Great Pillars- Thonmi The ten conceptual distractions
Sambhota, Vairochana, Kawa concerning the imputed
Paltsek, Chok-ro Lui Gyaltsen, phenomena- Conception of
Zhang Yeshe sDe, Rinchen looking at the non-existing
Zangpo, Dromton Gyalwa identity, concepttion of existing
Jungney, Ngog Lotsawa Loden identity, conception of exag·
Sherab, Sakya Pa1,1dit and geration, conception of super·
Gokhukpa Lhasey. imposition, conception of being
'l~·c:J~'ljl!,l''\"-'~~"l'<la'~llfllJiilr,·~· ~..,.r"l' one, conception of being many,
conception of being the self-
-r
<l~J .i'\·ci,;·~9·ci1 ... -
"J'\''l"-'lj<lj'Cl\ l- identity, conception of being the
quality, conception of name to
"-\91!,l'Clj i"'·"'~c;Jl!,l'CJ\ 9%9·1'"'~-i' be the meaning and conception
Cl) 5'5J"-'"'~-i'Clj ,;c:·~·(q-~'\'5'"'~-i' of meaning to be the self.
398
Set of Ten
i,ci·~9· ·~9·.crq!I ~l c:."·a"l! '4'11' 31qx1R,ia:,

3RIB:,
~'\I E!/3.·~~·1 E!~·~c:·1 ~~·i1 '\9".' cpi'i,1"1:, .-JJ(1i;D:S:, '161<l<1:.
S'\1 ~9·?.i'1 ~:1:r~ci·,;i1 ~9".~AoJ"' 13wflqili/Jclc.Ji, ~ I
.r, 1F-11"dc/i:,
qf
!.l$1l"dc/i:, Y~l"dc/i:,
fc'lm1): ~ 3t<ldli0:- ~:. fc1 &l I"d c/i: . 3RIB:, c'. Fcrc!, , I"1 :,
cfiil)q:, cl'"ffl',:, 1,ffit;:, cll'1'1:, .-Jlc1i;D:S:, '1i$1islc1:, \jWflqtji/Jqcff
4, '1!.' 1•-i:, ,rr<f:, -..:i,mr: ~I
~<& ~ 11 <'f1Pj,f."1:, c/i fFl> ~il I
C '
Gfl" -m:: ll '11 "d c/i'
*
~c@T-
31Y<if;,i(1, i$li\jlcl, 3t'J:cicgD,s(1,
~ Gfl" 3t<ldl, ~.
c/i iU q, cl'"ffl',, 1, Ri io. cflll"'l, 3RIB, c/i 1'1 <I iii, ..fl c1 c; o:,;, '1 i$ Iis1 c1,
4,~..:!'1, "'IT"f, cfWI, ~~llif11jf.'I 13 wfl q il i/J cl cJi c1m wi, I
<Pm c/i fF!, I m
The ten incarnations of Vi~i;iu- ll'11"dc/i, !.l$11"dc/i, Y~l"dc/i,
A fish, a tortoise, a boar, a fc1 E1 I"d c/i, 3RIB, c'. Fcrc!, <I iii ,
human-lion, a dwarf, Parsu- ..flc1c;u:,;, '1i$1islc1, 13wflqtji/Jclcff
rama, Rama, Kr~i;ia, Buddha c1m~1
Sakyamuni and Kalki. The ten wrathful deities-
Yamantaka (Yamari), Apara-
~Q'CI!\ ~~·l~'\I 9'"i~'~"l'&l'~Cl'"II jita, Hayagriva, Amftakm:u;!ala,
ry'oJfua,1 ci~1· t~ <>1·t1 I El·9ci:rt1 I Acala, Kamaraja, Niladar.i<;la,
Mahabala, U ~1;11~acakravarfi and
ll.~\®"ll ~9·f\«>il fci.,·?.i'·i1
Sumbha.
9!9'9~"-ll.f"·t1~"l 9~'\'oJS::"'®"l' OR
Yamantaka (Yamara), Prajfia-
~II ntaka, Padmantaka, Vighnan-
UJr::·a,I taka, Acal a, Takkiraj a, Nila-
danda,
.. Mahabala,
, Usnisaca-
. .. .
llj!j~·l~'\I ~.,·,;t1·3J~,;·S'\I CJ:i· kravartI and SumbharaJa.
i!J~"'S'\I !:J99"'i!J~"'S'\I ai·9u:f·ci1
ll.~')'CJ/3.'®"l'?.i'I ~9·fa,·.;~l {t1.,·?.i'· olfl"l'CJ! fli!l"l'"l'olfl"l'CJ! i'3Ji')'"l'
i1 9!9'~""il.f"'af"l·~,;·t11 <11~'\' olfl"l'CJ! ~~'ll.!3"l'"l'3Jfl "l'CJj <11~"''\C:'
illS::"' ®"l'~II 9~.,.ill' rll~ ·r.r"l'olfl".CJ I 1t1r::·?.i'·"l 'olfl".
399
Set of Ten
r.i1 5"1'"1'&lf"l't/l Cl~<3i't/'"l'&lf"l't/l "l"-' .,..~·,;i~I ~9·r.i1 ~r.i"-·ci1 ·i~·

'll ll]·r.i· "<'&lf "1' r.i I "-~"I'S"I' ~i::. "-~"I'•r <iJ ~9.{l"' I ci"1~·9~ I "-~9"1'1li''FI
S "I' "I' aJf "I' r.ii{11 ~c.l1 t,a.i"l'<il ~·ci1 9"-~·~a."1·~11
~ <l>,~lefll\l~- ~.q- --11.-:<1H-<1 ~ xm:- c11x<l11,, 'fu:.
cf>i ~ Ic../1 'i , t1 IrriJil ~ Ic../1 'i , 311 /1 (1'1 ~ - . 'fu;:, i>lx<l'\, '•F11'1c)5:,
'
""i:fi"hj~=1c-11=1-1,,
'"
!.1e1l ,/1 ,, lf<'Y
'
Ic; c!ii ~I c-11'1,, ifi{>"I-, ~ - . ;/'IR'f:, a1a;,;4~,i 1
cl
--11 c cfJ <:'1 ffi- <'IT{-l:l, 'fu,
~ ., iif.'i:11-
c!ii~lc-11'1, cf>lc'lilil~lc-11'1, ~-
~ ' 'fu;, 'ITT'{<!, '1-j /11 'i ' ~.
' ' ~ . ;/'fR'f c!i21T a1a;,;4 I
iJi1 ~I c-11'1, /11'1 cf>i ~ Ic../1 'i, x,Njd 1-
, ' C
The nine figures (Appearances)
"'fiec<t<1,=<=ai!io2i1-a~=1c-11c,-;· ~ I
of drama- Lasya (charming),
<!j;~l c'l d I ~ 11<1TI '<l>"R <ITT <:'1 VIra (heroic), Bibhatsa (ugly),
~ - ~ if '!j,~lc'ldl, t1lTI if Raudra (terrible), Hasya
~'llc1dl, 311/ld'i if ~'llc1dl, (laughing), Bhayanaka (fearful),
\l<:11,/1<1'.l,<'Ylc'; if '!j,~lc'ldl, ~ - KaruI,1a ( compassionate),
Adbhuta (wonderful), Santa
~ if '!j,~l c'l d I, ii f.'\; /1 if
(peaceful) and TaQdava
'!j,~l c'l d I, cITTc'I if '!j,~l c'ld I, ~ if (strong).
'!j,~lc'ldl, <IR if '!j,~lc'ldl ~
fi f<ltd Ix,·t4ta if '!j,~l c'l d I I ~~·q·q~l ~9·s'l·9t~·<11 a.i·s~·,ral~'','
The ten fields of mastery- Being i i::·ci1 af9'9 illa.i· ii::·ci1 ci~°i'<ir..·ffQI
a master in aggregates, being a
S'a.J'sl'S\"1 .$"9'"-!s,OJ'<J't,,'~''ll C:'11'~
master in elements, being a
master in sources of perception, '2.~"l'Cl I 9"1°i'~t,,'"I' ~9"1' ~ \sl'S1'QI
being a master in dependent
9"1°i'"1'9~\o)a.i"l·s'l· ~~-<ii tJ.Jc::~9 Q~
origination, being a master in
fact and not fact, being a master '1/'"i{l 1
in sense faculties, being a ~ <!j;~1c11f.'I- !.l1°11faq1afc1,R1.
master in time, being a master 31 c; <'d Ic; l'1 RH fa:, cf> 111 fi'I ~ -
in truth, being a master in RH Fa:, ~i,llCIJ<;:, q1{><"1fc1,R,:,
vehicle and being a master in Rl /14 il'i 11,, ffl "'i !.I c'l lY fc1,R,:,
compounded and uncom- q,{,,qR'fi m ~=. 'Yi imr
pounded phenomena. ;iicii1q1c;:, x,R1i.f1~~-tlfa I
400
~~1,pf: Set of Ten
Gfl" <l>"ffi,1-
~
i;rruft et) ~ cfiT effort, suppleness, conscien-
<X!T'T, 31 c; rn Ic; I'1 cfiT <X!T'T, tiousness, equanimity and not
i'I> I'l f?lui Ii:l I, cfiT <XIT'T, ~ cfi;f"f harming others.
\
~lc'l'11, 41'<'~ cfiT <XIT'T, ~
'\~ ·t"l·i· ~i:.·sa ''llil\'"l"1'"!1 ~9· 9~\
cfi;f"f, ~ cf>T <X!T'T, ~
et) fl A1 Ra ci, J;jfi'r "c'll"'f cfiT <X!T'T, fl e:· CJ I (SJ. ~"i..;i "i·1:1 e:· CJ I a:i'9. 9 ill "l''Jt:.'
~ ci, J;jfi'r cl.l Iq Ic; '3 i<F--1 "1
CJJ ~"i·f!e:·cr1 .;,::·~e:·CJ·f!e:·CJ1 <!j"jlll.
"', ..-i I om ,l R.I ~ ~ '1' 1iRl
61"11 I 10:·9,;·~<!JIil. f!C:.CJJ "'~ e:·CJ· f!C:.CJJ (SJ~'
The ten virtuous actions- Not

killing, not stealing, not 'rl "i.~ ..sJ°i·CJ· fl e:.CJ I ~ lll'"-J' cl:l "i ·q/l.·Fr ~Ill·
indulging in sexual misconduct,
f!<::'CJI 9~"-''\!:o~-.;i"i·q· f!<::·cr~11
telling the truth, not engaging in
divisive talk (slandering), using -,;i I 'I rr) , I oI I G:tT Y~Efllf :-
pleasant speech, not indulging !.11 °11 fa q IaFc1, Fa:. 31 c: rn Ic; l'1 R1, Fa:.
in idle talk, not being covetous "'I 'l'f?iui Ii:! Ix R1, Fa:, 'l.q Iq Ic; R1,RI:,
to others wealth, not cultivating 'l~ q 1..-ifc1,RI:, ~:fi•~a 1RR1,RI:,
harmful intention to others and 'll<'<1R1,Rr, '3d1~111'1Fc1,Rr:.
holding correct view.
fc1 i'I> Ic'l•J'l "1 '1 fc1, fa:, «l o\,v1 a 1-
'\~·cra'l!l'&TC.'Cl!J 1\t.ll (a;'~l!l·t.11 ~or C: I'1 R1, fc'r ~i:l I
-,;J I'l rr) , .f; Gfl" Yt<r Eflf- mfur-
<li\c.i 1 "'\1·'" 9Ill.all. c.i 1 ~. ~ e:..:i 1.c.i 1 ~ cfiT <X!T'T, 31 c; rn Ic; I'1 cfiT
CJ{"i·r.i..~llll ~"i·;e:llll CJ9·'1f11 CJrye:· <X!T'T, i'I> I'l f?i <U1 Ii:l Ix cf>T <X!T'T,
'l_ q Iq I c; cfiT <X!T'T. 'l ~ q I'1 cfiT
f "lllll ~&r·c.i,;·£l·r.i..:t·cr~11 <XIT'T. ~-fi, ~ aIR cfiT <XIT'T.
'lTc'IT ci, ~ cf>T <X!T'T, ~
<m ~ :t I <it~ I=- -'>f<W. c'I w1 I.
314?11Ql'l, ~ : . $:, ql,f'l, ~ ci, ~ cfiT <X!T'T, R1"' lc'i
,!~:
'
(!.!'<'If&!:), 31!.l'llC::, ~&TI.
' '+IT"1"l cfiT <X!T'T Tim ~ -
' "1 aI c; I'1 cfiT <X!T'T I
31fc1f6fl1 ~ I
The ten limbs of abandonment
Gfl" ~"ffi,J ''fPl- -'>f<W. c'lw11,
of a novice monk (Ten
314?11QI, ~. $ , cM,
precepts)- Abstaining from
J:!~ (!.!'4fi£r). 31!.l'l IC:, ~&TI
killing, abstaining from taking
Tim 31 fc1 fg xi I I
what is not given, abstaining
Ten virtuous levels of stage- from indulging in sexual
Faith, shame, embarrassment, misconduct, abstaining from
lack of desire, lack of hatred, telling lies, abstaining from
401
Set of Ten
taking alcohol, abstaining from ~ am l;cITTaR-

dancing and s1ng1ng etc., t\:Gll-!i'.'j I
abstaining from wearing The ten sutras of the Victor
garland, abstaining from using
(Buddha)- Prajfiiipiiramita-
high and luxurious seat or bed,
abstaining from taking untimely h:rdayadr~~isutra, Mptijfiana-
food and abstaining from bhavanasutra, Bhadracarya-
accepting gold and silver. prai;tidhanasutra, Vajravidara-
nasnanasutra, Bodhisattvamu-
!'°l'qa•51~q!f ~~·:<,crti_·q·'l/'CIO.'"l'j!
lapattidesanasutram, Usnisa-
Cl.'\Cl.'>IJ'<1l·~~·q(51·<io.·51'\'1 q~z_·<f·g\ sitatapatriinirodhasutra, Nilam-
<l'jj'~·"l"l'~'"l'j! "(i_-~51·q_(51~-ij~-~- baradharanisutra, Amitayus-
cirayuhsutra, Vasundharasam-
51'\l S'-' ~et· i" 't::l!j"l~.t::l!j"l ~- <io.. 51'\I bhogasutra and Ekaksarah,da-
"1{"1'1j"-'"11"1~''\'IJ"-'~·qf111·<ia.:51'\'1 . yasutra.
ilf~·(~·~·~-..,~~-~'\1 'yJ"l'J'al'\' i·51a·1c1·cttt l"' ~..,-, ~-"1111 1
<i·~·~i_-~·..;,;-1 ~"'·i~-,.-~·ak~·f1'"'\l "1~111~·qi~1 ~-~a.·sj'i_·1 !3111'.tf ~-~1

c!l·~·111%111·51·~z_·<fa·51~ll ~-~"'! .¥l111·u:f"'I t<>l·<i<ifl
cm ~i,.,1~-:.11fil1 ll$11q1xria1 .-; '1 I f<l 1':11 llnlT-id q •ll- 1-Jl1ll.
t\: G1.1 '! ~ 'lf51 'j. r.l fc'I $1 I'1111 cF1 I'lf51 '1 J.J {l RI :. ~:. ll fc'I f.l l<l:.
l"J"'Wt-
(3l<'ll$11'1111cl'11), ~ - .-i •1~ <1. ~:. "1c'1oi..,;~1.
'
~ . ci"1Fc1Gi'1Dlf'11'1'1t'.'j'1, ~ - '.!C,:'.l,C:'1, ~ : . f'1J.J\01,t'c1fi1 I
'(-1'\'tl 1-j_<ii Iqf<a ~ ~I '11-!i'.'j '1, (ltDft q- Gfl ll I~ ~ llnlT-id q 'l I- 1-Jl1ll,
Ria lci q ·:ll f'1 'lil'.J-!i'.'j'1, .-i"1c11 «1 ~- J.J {l RI. ~- ll fc'I f.l l<l. ~-'1"'R.
l'.l l'l oft-!i'.'j'1, 3lrlci l';!~i:NI~;;:~. ~- "1c'1oi.,;'11, '.!C,:'.i,~~-
~ am f'1J.Jlo1 1
~.~- The ten examples of illusory
~'ell
Gfl ~ Iiii 'tl,.-:.i"- ll $11 q l'I rl a I(j: .-; 1.1- nature- An illusion, a mirage, a
dream, a reflection, city of
'! ~ 't-:.i, r.:IR'l$11'1111cl'11-!i'.'j, ~ -
smell-eater (Gandharvanagara),
tj <1\ll full'.l I'1-!i'.'j, cl "1 fc1 .-; 1'1°1'1"11 '1-
an echo, a reflection of the
~. ~"<ic<ll-j_<ii lqf<'a ~,tl'1 l,f'.'j,
moon in the river, bubble,
(lroft q Ria Ia q-:.11 f'1'1lcRt51. ;fu;rr-
shadow and manifestation.
~. 3lrlcil';!~i1'11';!:~.
402
Set of Ten
1crr.i . . 'Clijf l!J'ii!.1111'<11 "~a;·q·q 1 S"l'CII <Jt<J' c::;(9rya;·a;111·il1'CJJ "I'll'
'i1a;·i!.lt9·9~il-lJ il-l'~a;·CJt t1:fc::l!l·~·c::,,r ,::,,51111·,:,i·af9·~· ~'"~~II

cril 1·CJ 1 "li!.!'tl:i'c:: 111· ~·"'~a;·q1 la;· ~·1 G-:tT a~•t)t1l-Jf:- "!,<i:<~11+1111~1:.
8,Ml-Jlt::l<'Rlfl.l f.'i.-c;I, fitflq
i!.l(a;·~111·~9 ii-Iii'C::'"lil-lJ {il-l'"li!-1'"1'
c/5'"111i i,x"I'\, l-li,l'-111f1.I f.'1.-c;I,
'!J'ioll!I' CJ~ll '],{>c/'>lli ~ cg"dl:, cl'>lfl1~1°1i
'1-qo1l-J ~ fclt:1l<'Yfi'n,
yRJqdt: G-:tT iM''llc/1:- '3q~~1:, f1'11.l~'.cN'lf'T: ~. 31 c/, {>U 11, "c!>"f-
il<'cll~ 11.1f4tk1.llf.'I. 8·«-.11f.'I. c/'>+\lJi i'! ~ ~ Pi'.uil'i_fR:~il I
~ : . 31qR<fc,j1f.'a:. 1-JT'f- Gfl a~ot) \;flf- ~-~11+11 "c/,J
qR!!t:::, ~. ~:. Fcl11~1 c/'>,11, ~-xR ci, 'iliol<"-11
c;~\1"11•\. "'llcl11l-ll'f~-<1fa I "$1" f.'i .-c; I c/'>,11. ~ ci, '3 q c/'>x 0 11
1J RJ qRd <$ Gfl iM"l I c/ ~0-q"""~=~I, "c/,J "i,xUT c/'> , 11, 'i i, 11.111 "$1" f.'1.-c; I
l'.JR 3114tifl-l, ~-x"R. ~ .

c/'>,11. 1F "c/'>l" · ~ c/'>,11.
31qR<fc,j1f.'a. l-l1>fqR!1t::, tf'f!-~~

q(,[-fi1cit -.'j 'BG '3 <'Y "'1 c/'>, 11,
EllTI'Rlffi -.'j fuu! '3 <'Y "'1 c/'> x11,
q,;gf<i;,i, c;~f1l-ll•f "<'fm '+ITTl"'1T
"Wl'-1 ~ 00 "c/,] 'lf'T c/,' 11,
'1T'f I c/'> {> o11 "ft ffl "i,T"'1T "<'fm "c!>"f ~
The ten natures of achievement-
c/'> 4q, <'I ci, ~ fi'rui 1'i_ fR: I
Instruction, Four Noble Truths,
The ten heinous crimes- Des-
Three Jewels, not craving, not
troying the Buddha's teachings,
being completely wearisome,
disparaging the Three Jewels of
holding the path wholly, five
refuge, depriving the sangha
eyes, six clairvoyances, instruc-
wealth of its disparaging the
tion on the path of seeing and
Mahayana, threatening the body
instruction on the path of
of the guru, causing schism
meditation.
amongst the vajra friends,
ci~"l·cia:~c::·cii1 111c::111· *111·~·" 'lj a;· CJ' ~9· hindering the practice of
dharma, neglecting (breaking)
CJJ 1iifa;·i!.lt9·,:,i·~1·r.i1 1~·,::,,1a;·~· the pledges (Samaya), lack of
compassion and holding wrong
1'1"'"'?il!J·<i1 ~9·ia;·,:,i·if\<il Al·a.ia.·l views.
"l'C!l"1 '(t'la;·(9111·~a;·,,,sa;·q1 ~"· i!.l(a;·i:i:.·cii1 (a;·q·iJ.l(a;·1·~,;'CJJ l!IC::111'
q·"'.""·9t1·s1·r.i1 1i!.!·£9· ~i!.l'<J'1c::·
*l!l'i!.l(a;·1·~,;·CJ1 i l!l'i!.l(a;·1·~:i:.·CJ1
403
Set of Ten
51F°i' 'oJ °i'1·~:,,,·<11

~:,,,·<11 'l~ °i'<l"'{"l "'l'<l'oJ(°i·1·~:,,,·<11
"~°i.<1"'{"1"'l'<ia.·u:rs'\·51(°i·1·~:,,,·<11 ~11]' <I' oJ(°i' Q:,,,'~11] "'l'<l j
"l~ l!,l' '!i''\"l '<l'oJ(°i.1·~,.,. <1 J "l '"I' 'l' <1:,,,·~"l"'l'<I I "'~.l!,l~ l!,l' t 61 ·~·o1(°i'<I"'
o1(°i·1·~ "''<I I "l"'l'oJ(°i·1·~:,,,·<1~II ~"l"'l'<II s~· ~"·~o1"'l·<1/,,·o1(°i·<1:,,,·~<!Jl!I'
GW Yc'l!IHlful- ~e-1~11,-cil, <1~11
~~:, ~~:, ~e-ir-
cnure,:, ~a-ilillll:, -aq+p.q....-i- G~lfllEI'\-
, ~ : . 31~:. "('mqj-
C/>1'1'(-<J ~a-11'[, ~1:-flqc/Ji(Ol't,
~e-iqR:nf.ll:, ~~:, fi1'1i 'i I.I:, LJto Ifi'l ,i 'i I.I:, ii M Ifi'!-
~~ill ~.
G"fl Yc'lllff- ~e, ~llf-cil, ~e, ~:.
~. ~e, tf1l, ~e, ~a-1, ~-
~e, 3llillll, ;aq{il-ll....-J clft" '1i 'i I.I ~ii I
c/Jl'i'11 cl>T ~e,, ~e, ;aqc/,i(OI, 31~xi'lll <ff G"fl ~-
~e, qR~f.ll. ~e, 3ljffl Q1m ~ . 3 1 ~ . dCT<llfi'!-
~a-1"~1
'f!l'l'll, '-J'<l Ifi'l xi 'i I.I, ~.
The ten directly present (dire-
31 xi ~G Iii Ii/ Ifi'l xi 'i I.I, ~ .
ctly experiencing) factors-
Accepting the teacher, accepting ~lclc/Jlfi'lxi'ill, ~
the Buddha, accepting the ol!IT ~ xi fi'I Ifi'l xi 'l ll I
Dharrna, accepting the Sangha, Ten presentations of Clear
accepting the abbot, accepting Realization- Clear Realization
the master (assistant abbot), of Dharrna, Clear Realization of
wishing to receive ordination, meaning, Clear Realization of
the presence of monk's articles, thusness, Post Clear Realiza-
the ordination ceremony, tion, Clear Realization of Jewel
requesting the ceremony and (Three Jewels), Clear Realiza-
doing duty. tion of arising never, ultimate
Clear Realization, Clear Reali-
o1t°i'<I"''{11J61'<1a·~11fJ;('<,'11J~11J·"""~l i l!,l. zation of Hearer, Clear
oJ( °i' Q:,,,:{11]61'J;( 1 ~°i 'oJ(°i 'J;(:,,,{ 11]l!,l' <1 J Realization of Self-Buddha and
Clear Realization of Bodhisa-
~'f'°i'oJ(°i'<1"'{11J 61 '<11 l "'l'"l'oJ(°i'<I"'' ttva.
404
Set of Ten
~ll!'Sll]'ll!f ( 111i;111·t111· 'll1j"i'<r ·~ the Never-Returner, the period

of the Stream-Winner, the
{i;·~'IIJ"illl'<1,;'lll'l'\'1:1a·~11!'Sll]'t:1t''f' period of Wisdom, the period of
~"i·"l~) f f·fF ·cJJ,r~r ~'!l·t:1roi· meditative concentration, the
period of the moral discipline,
r;ill,·oi~, a,;·5)·~,::-~·ai~1 ~"i.'1"1"'1·~· the period of phenomenology,
the period of discourses, the
ol~I ~l!,l·,;t:1·~-oi~1 ~c:·?.·1:,,~"i·~-oi~1 period of the monastic
~or~oi"'l·~-5)~1 oit"i·<11l,·o)~I oi~· discipline and the period of
holding the sign only (the
~ll,·5)~1 "-~~·t:11l.·ol~! i'!f"'l'~·a.r~·ol~· period of corrupt moral
discipline).
~·t:1~~11
{ "i'i''!)' 'f',lli"i ·1:1,;·(..,111·'"l'll!l ,;,::·§<::.
c:w lf31il't1a1<1t<!ll:- 31~ct1Rc1cl:,
'
31'11•11~qRc1cl, @ 311qn1qR- ~"I'll~ "i'<i".f'!)"I' Cl) ?.111·<1,;·~'!)''11!,1'
crct:, 11$11qRc1cl:, t1"11~qRc1cl:, 'l ~ "i'CJ"-f'!J"'l'CJ I ~,;·15;'<!f·~ l!,l''l ~ "i'CJ,;·
~~<>1qRc1cl: , ~ : ' 't," =-
q R c1 cl:. Fc1 '11-l q R c1 cl:. P.!fil=5,="11=~ f "i'CJ".'I" "'I 'aj<::"I' </Ill''l ~ "i' CJ".'
qRc1cl~'<lR'l 1
~ ll'il>tld ~ (¥ et -~<!)111'<11 i·;("'1'["111 'aj<:: CJ l!,I' l!,I' 'l ~ "i' r;i,;·
i!Jl'<ir/ ~ ?i?-!N '11 31fktr<t '11 {<!)111'<11 "'~ "i'i''!)' ~.{·"i l!,l''l ~"i. r;i,;·
~qft~~/0w~
qRc/dT 'If ~ fitR:rr' 7T<1T {'!)"'1'<11 oJ ~1:,,· "'f<l"j ·~-af'!) 111·~Ill't:1 ~°i'
'!}- ~-qRc1cl. 31'1t•11•i"t r;i,;·{<!)111''11 ~~111· ~· 'l ~- af'!) 111·~111· Cl~ °i.
q R c1 cl. @ 3TT4"°'1 q R c1 cl. ~-
q R c1 cl, t1"111tf qRc1cl. m- r;i,;{<!)111'<11 a!'llll'~'l:,,SJ'Cl"'l'Q~"i'CJ,;·
qRc1cl. ~-qRc1cl. w- r'!)"'l'CJ'Q~i!,1·~11
qRc1cl, Fi1'11-l-qRc1cl ~
fil5,111~ qRc1cl I 111 i4 fclui jifl I~ uI I.I 4 '<1 HI --1 '(-<l
The ten phases of five hundred G'tT fcilc:l 'l :- ~ - f.11-l d I
years each (This refers to 5, OOO cldl~"I, 3111-lltlll-ltl'l, 'tllfdl
years span of teachings of the {-qlcfil{cfi~D]'J, ~ fcl~lcfil{-
fourth Buddha of this era. This cfi~u't'l, ;:,l{!l.\'1, 11,1-l'fl 45lill'11
'
period is divided into ten parts c1RtcJ1-11'1 ~- ~
and one part contains five c;'tt<lRtcJt-1111, ~ - m-
hundred years.)- The Foe-
' I ~ <:N <!ft Fcl~lli (~-
llM <!ft Gfl" Fcl ~ ll i- ffl1t <1>10.;)- '1°:Si:1 -et) fclftr. ~
f.'l,ia1,ic11, it. 3lllll<ill1<1 it. -et) fclftr, \I R1 td l'1 -et) fcrtu,
~11«1 I "cliT f<fl<l>l,i'I>,, 1F WI "cliT ~11~11'1-fclftr. s«1ctn~1c1 -ctt fcrtu.
•f<ll c/, 1,/ c/," ~ "-51 '1 "ff' \I ,,i 'f1 -i'i °'i"fT -et) fclftr. ~ -et) fcrtu.
rim ilRto'i -ctt ~ -i'i. +llll f1 I'tU -et) faftr, (1'qtrf -et) ~
~ -i'i <i'1 ilRto'i -ctt ffl~ -i'i
~ m 'l'l"li'!>, '3Yf1"-1"'1 ~ ~ -et) fclftr I
ITT'1T I Ten types of rituals (Religious
The ten methods of receiving Rites)- Rituals of mai:u;Iala, of
ordination according to the empowerment, of consecration,
ancient tradition- By sponta- of funeral, of the art of sleight
neous ordination, by perfectly of hand, of purification, of
getting engaged with the
torma offering, of making caste
teacher, by being called hither,
by accepting (closely following) of miniature (cone), of offering
the teacher, by pleasing the of water to the manes and of
Buddha with questions, by long life (for securing a happy
promising to accept the major and long life).
precepts, by message, by a
gathering of five elders in .r"l·~·'\s"..i·ti~1 "!r:;"I· *"11 sc:.·ijl!,J~1
remote area, by a gathering of
,;r:;'"!r:;"1'*"11 ")<3i'l"l1 ~1 ~, ~-31·
ten elders in central part of the
country and by taking refuge. c!l"il ~"l'<:11 c!l·~9"11 )l·c.,.gf·,:i;,;"1·~11
~'']'~&l"Cl'tl~J '\~"l''<f"''$'i·9 ")tic::~· GTI Eflf"llcl<l:- ~:. ~ : .
\I fll i'I> ¥L J!.Tlqcfi:, ~ : • 'l'fjUI:.
i·9 ,;,:i·9<3i"l'~·i·9 ~-~9·~·i·9
~:. ~:. m'f:, R14~ 'Elfi'r I
fc:."1·~·~9 a.Ji1·q1:l:i·9 9,',;·;;J/l·~ Gfl" Eflf~- ~. ~.
\l,~i'l>isj,ei,, J!.Tlqcfi, ~ . 'l'fjUI.
9 1·fl~9 ~·9~"''$'~9 ~&·i·9·
~.~.m'f~~
Q;\"1'~11 (~I
The ten spheres of Dharma-
c;~1Fcl.:r: flli?.r:- >i 0 :sc1Fc1~:. :mli- Buddha, Bodhisattva, Solitary
qq,fc:1~:. 1,1R1to1'1fc1~. ~'1~11'1 Realizer, Hearer, Gods, human
fclftr . 6«1 ctn ~ li:1 fc1 ~:. 'i"11 Fc:1~:. beings, demigods, hell beings,
~~Fc:1~: ' +11mfc!~: ' aclo1fc!~: ' hungry ghosts and animals.
31~1~n-:afc11tcR'.l"'~""'i)R1f;,. I
406
Set of Ten
ei·q~· Ill' ·~111·~<>1·Qi1 ~·s1 The ten-dharma trainings-

"l&l\ ~'C."i'"-'\~l <il'\·~·~o.i1 qij\
Writing, worshipping, gene-
rosity, hearing dharma, reading,
"i&S~\ i6"\ ll]'!!C.'"-Cl\ ~C.'".~"-1 2.~· memorizing, preaching, recita-
v V
r.i1 a;~·~II]~·~ II ting, contemplation and medita-
tion.
GU wf111falf.'lt11ll:- ~:, lWf:,
f.'111\u1't, Rlrn~'lll:, ''il'll't, J11<l:, &1i''\·.,a·~•ri.i1 &)·;r9 "'~c_·i.1 i~1
\111'<F1't, 1-J'ifaq,: ('l,C'ilq '3qq,:i
§"l't.l\ a;·ci~ci.1 ~'&l\ ~"ii "l~"l~l
~'!Ill:), Pilltl:, t1441fa~ilfa I
wf cfi ~ ·1rcr!ffi-f.'lt11l- ~. t"l'&l~\ Q''\"i'~ll
lWf. f.'111 ju I, ftrrn'-~, "il"'<I,
i; 'l If.'IEl Uuffi:'i:IJ'll- .:!, ' t, 'i Ic'J.1 Sj,.,
U'&l1'I
3Wl, \M '<Fl, 1-J'i fa ifi ('@' ~ 1.,,.
Mq'1'1,'
'
1101'1,'
'3 <'1...-J m 1'ITC'iT ~ ) . f.'111 a
HU:,
-c-.·
3l<'1ifili!:, ~ . ~ :
,;mtrr
t,.~1:_,
(~"1ll-
'ffm WT-ffi I '
~:), qalifil 'E!fi'r I
'
The ten focussed objects of
~ \l<l>li! cfi lJ..u!T l:'c21'- T",
Dharma- Objects of know-
i:JTC'IT, 1{4', c'tcR (-tF'c; '1 .:onfu).
ledge, path, nirviil;la, object of
the mind, fortune, life span, ~....en ("tj;'T). 3lc'iifili!, ,F;l',
teachings, that which arises ~ ( ~ ) 'ffm qa 1<1>1 1
from the main object, certainty The ten objects of offering-
and religious tradition (lineage). Flowers, garlands, incense,
ointment, cloth, powdry edible
i'•rJ'\'Qt\ <il·~·ci.s·ci1 &ii''j'r./'ll.~"l'Q\ things (Flour), ornaments,
umbrellas, victory banners and
ia;·r.i1 r~·11a;·r.i1 mll]·r.i1 "-~a;·r.i1 "''-. flags.
1"{a;·r.i1 F'~"i'S'\'t.l\ i'~·~·\~·ci~&l't.l\ ~"l·~a;·Jc.'Q'Qt] 'j'lC.'?J'l ~"ill if~'
l ~·~·\a;· i\&1'1:,/;,.-ll rl ~~·c.a;1 '\cic_·§II] &)· c&)·~1)
C:'llf<'IEII Elif'rlllf- M<!l'11. '["1'11,
ci~a;·so.i1 ~c_·c~c_·~·) I ~c_·9·~~·"'1
1;1'1'1,' ~q01'1,' 4d'1'1,, ifiUd{~-
~q,=,:=u1~'t, \lifil'll'11, ~:. ;,:II]'9."i "l' ?J'·q.;~· '411
Ri .:a '1 't, ''i Iq '11 'Elfi'r I GU <'ft q I<'11 :- = : 'll"i': '1i"(iU[:
~ 11<1>1~ ~ Elifilllf- Mi!!l'11.
-.!'Jo\, I ,
'["1'11, GR, 1:fo'1', ifiUd'{l!.f

.llfq'Uf,
~ : . ~~11ai:. 3ltr.,:, ~';f[a:. cJ8::,
ifii:'11, \lifil'll'1, ~ . Ri.:aai
m. 3JEl"tw1~-c1R, 1
'ffm '1111'11 I
407
Set of Ten
<'t) <1>41<'1- ~ . <11'!, cR>OT, ~ . qr..rr, 'crfr fl'H'<i fmrnif .

~~11.-i. 31"fr.cl. ~*a. ~. m c5 ~ ~. fl•H'<i -qf(lT cliT
Tim 3ltr ~ I fl '!<'I "Im ~ . 31 jct-H <itfEr <Ii
Ten guardians of the world (ten "'!R "c()T 31 c1 ,1 q oI m-.-n-. 31 qRf?m
directional protectors)- lndra, ~ 'crl'r ffi, fl '1 fa ~ qi[
Yama, Varuna, Kubera, Isana, !Hi-1 ~ . fll-jffi ~ "c()T ~
Agni, Nilif(a, Vayu, Brahma and ~. ~ tr ~ qi'\
Adha-Krsna. ffi, 31 fcl Fm.-.-i ffi~ clil
~ •,r.i ~·i·"'°'·<li""·r::i~1 'll 111·r.J· ii"'·;;;,,: <!I'\
31 f.'! <i.! Rn ~ "!AT ffl qi'\
f.'! <i.! Rn I
r.J,;·ci.~,,:r::ir s~· <!Jr::i·il31~·'\r.Ja.·r::i~r::i·l'.J· The ten benefits of the
Commited Bodhimind- One
ij3I~.ii'\.~-~ "i. ~-ci.~,;. r: J l ~ 11]'l'.J' ij3I~'ii'\'
enters into the Mahayana, one
~'\. "i ~ ·9l '\'l'.J"-''l.~"'.r::i I !il'"i -~ '\'l'.JQ,.s~. becomes the foundation of all
the trainings that a Bodhisattva
~r::i·~· ~r::i·~9~'f.J'<_''l.,~'<_'r::J\ r::i~\ "\31~· has to undergo, all non-virtues
are eradicated, the seed of
'\l'.J9'l~'\·l'.J·ir::i·r.J,;·ci.~,;· r::ir ~~~-~~-
unsurepassable enlightenment is
ij31~·il'\'31~ ~·l'.J,;·ci.~,;·r::i I il31~'ill\' planted, immeasurable merits
are accumulated, all Buddhas
ij3I~·ii'\· "I' oi"i·r.J,;·ci.~"'·r::i I ~,;·~·31("i' are delighted with him, one
benefits all sentient beings, he
l'.J"-f111~·r.J,;·ci..:6'~· ~·r::i,;·ci.~,;·r::ir "-~\"'· quickly realizes perfect Buddha-
~"i·..9~·~·'1.§~'r::JJ 9"\"i''\"i li6'9~·~·
~ ~
hood, his purposes are continu-
~
ously safe-guarded and various
'<§~·r::ici.11 purposes of others are also
safeguarded.
'lr~ I'1 RJ <in <'-11 <; 'fll c; 'l 11 :1,Uffl:-
•H, 1111 '1 ~ ~ ~ 1:, ~ '1cf- l~·~9·r::i~1 ci\cll9·~i_ ~-'l.~tlj·~~-~,
fu8:11011't 3lT'l1"'-1":, fl4YIYl'1i
fl '!<'l '11 ~I:. 31 jct'l~<ll f?it<'if,(J
tlj ~·1 '\! "ii r::ir 31 ! ci.1 "I air
31 cl ,'1 q 01 '1, 31 q Rria go11 fiil 11:. ~~11
fl 4~ ~ {i Ic;:, fl 4fl'<'cl l<l>("l( I011-j,
~~l;.l~c( ~: ffi:, 'lfltl·1-J1or1111: ~- '34fl•rf:- lf,
31 fcl fm ,-.-1{-q lffl f.'! <i.! f?n , ;g, "c;", '.-f, iii, l'f, S, ,, c'f, "fl ilfi'r I
~ i:mffl f.'! <i.! fcn ~'cl ffi I 'lfl tl 'I-JT"IT if} ~ '3 q fl If- lf,
~ I'1 RJ <in <'-11 c; <lfl' ~ ;g, "c;", '.-f, iii, l'f, S, ,, c'f ~ "ff I
31:1,'llfll(I- '1151111'1 ij ~
408
Set of Ten
The ten Tibetan suffixes- Ga, ,;·1:1~1 ~'"-"-'!:!I <l~·

Nga, Da, Na, Bha, Ma, 'A, Ra,
La, and Sa. "-<!f "1'~'!:!1 ;{'i'~c:· i-i''ll ':\"i''i'!f"-'?i"l
i,lll"~<li'<l~f lllc:~·t~l~-~-~<li'<ll ,~. sl''!f~·"':.;--i1 11UJ"-'!:11 "l'"-'!f'!f~·</1
!.~·~·~<li'<ll 'i~'"-)<lil~·~i'~<li'<ll ~"I'

'!f c:·?:i'1 "'1:1·"-S"'1 l 1:1,;·"-/€"' ·1:1;,;~·~11
~.<J~'!_ ~-~-~-i"<ll <!f~c:·cri_~·~·~-i'<ll >s11<1<t>t1.1 c:~1) qqJ1:i'<a:- ~11Rg-;1:,

1-/1 q• Ii,<Hll '1 g-,i:, •H5 lc/>l~ll4:,
~llll"~'~<li'<ll 'i!:!'!f~'S'-iC:')'@'CI'!_~·~· 311'1..c;:, ~1§.C'I:, Cf>lc-<-11'-1"1~-::t:,
~-i'<ll a·1:1·i_~·~·~-i'<II <>.i·1:1l~·~i'~-i· 3lf.'t'6<!l:, r:r\:. ~- '141f<:i~il I

'Sll<lil> ~ ~ '144lti'c:1-
<ii ~~·~·~or<J·i_ ~-~-~-i·<J;{II ~11Rg-,i, ../lq•1c'll11.1.-ig-,i, -.=,gr-
<1>1~1.14, 311'1..c;, ~1§<'1, Cf>lc-<-11'-1"1-
<m 31:!,~clll:- 1<llljqfa:, wh- ~- 31f.'t'6<!l, r:r\. ~ ~
jqfa:, fitiljqfa:, ~ft&11jqfa, '141f<:i I
c:1.-i1jqfa:. ~c11jqfa. m- The ten close attendants belong-
'11jqfa:. "11,lljqfa:, 'l_fl{clj- ing to Hearer (Sravaka)-
Sariputra, Mau~galyjYanaputra,
~ : , cf> 11.l {cl f> 4 I j q fa ~t1 fa I
Mahakasyapa, Ana:fida, Ra.hula,
~ 31:1,~R11.1i ~1jqfa. wrr- Katyanaputra, Aniruddha,
jqfa. fitiljqfa, ~ft&lljqfa, PiiI'l).a, Subhuti and Upali.
c:1.-i1jqfa. ~c11jqfa, m- f<li·ifc:~·ic:·~-1:1~1 ~1:11 ".~<1''11 ~"-'11
'11jqfa, ;:;nfu (vf"l'I) 31jqfa,
~-31jqfa, ~ c/>lll{clf>41j-
::!'!\'\'!f <>.l<!f '<11 ~(<J'<J>; '".ffi"l:11 "-F<li'
~I "-'..;'-i 1 ~1 '!fiif1:11 c:· t<0.1·1:1;,;~·~11
The ten recollections- Recol-
~ q.ftcti<h'lm:- ffl:, "'!_an.
lection of Buddha, recollection
of Dharma, recollection of 'll<'si,Q'j ('l<'si~:), t,zj, ~«1'<"1',
Sangha, recollection of moral Rlf%,il, '14'11t!:, "'lTl!T, ~llcl,ll'j,
discipline, recollection of 'l c; ~t1 fa I
giving, recollection of the deity, ~ q~')ctJ "<tJI~- ffl, "'!_an.
recollection of the moment of 'll<'<i4, t,zj, ~C:lfi, Rlf%fll,
breath, recollection of birth, '1 q'11 t!, "'lTl!T, ~ 11 cl, ll om "I-JG I
recollection of death and The ten bases of minor
recollection of the form of the delusions- Anger, concealment,
body. miserliness, jealousy, spite,
409
Set of Ten
violence (harmfulness), malice, ~ ~ er; ~ <m'<f ~

deceit, dishonesty and haugh- ii
tiness. The ten functions of delusions-
It stabilizes the root of delusion,
f"i'~<::"'1'1:!a·s'\'"-l'll'CI~f g" <I' <i ~°\' '1'-'S '\.
it keeps the continuity of
"If ~-i-1115!"1'"1'-'S'\'"If ~c:·~-~CJ "l<-·s'\' delusion, it establishes its own
goal, it establishes results
"IJ ~·ill~5i·q,_.5'\'"IJ QJ"I·~· ~'\'"l'illic."°'·
"I<-'~<]' "I<-.~;;i '\. "1 J -
<-C:·111. <Ell] "I' "-I C:O,l' l!:l'
,:,_...,:
similar to its causes, it
establishes karmically linked
existence, it treasures its own
ll.~"i. "I<-.5'\."1 f '\al 111 "I' "I' QJ'':]"i ';i'iiC: "I' collection of delusions, it makes
"l<-·s '\·"1 f ~ill· "I<-·~ o.i· "13-· ~°'· ll.~ '\·"I<-·

its visualizations unclear, it
leads to the continuity of
consciousness, it misdirects one
5'\'"lj '\~ '<]"'-'¥1110,l'QJ "l'lljUJ'<i<-'S '\'"If
from virtuous activities and it
multiplies as a binding force
without transcending the
~·f-1ci·q<_·s '\'"1;{11 delusive realms.
<@l!ll'11 i;lllfilEll'11 cf>lllf~I- ill'Z)5f; '\''l~f l O,l'~ill'll\'I'\·illffi-i'ill'al 'i'q'
~ i:; d I.I fa. EfRTl'! 3TRI Icl f1 fa, e,,. e,,. ::-. C\
ill') ill' "I' 'l '\I i11a,'-i·'l '\·.,. '\·"'ill ')ill'q· 'l 'il
'f<IITT ~. g1c1 <t q, <'i
ftlum'r, ~ ~. a· CJ'al')'"l'i11')3J'"I'~ '\' ill·a"l'"l'al'i·q·
«1c1•f qfQ1p~o11fa, 3llc'l'<10i"l,
t1A-\1sllfa, R1$11'1EfR!l'[ <lwm'r, oJ')ill'"l'~'\f '\i:15i·q<_·i11')3J'"I ~'\I '!f\'i·
~~lc'IYe:!Tf( ~ cl'>•i'lfa, tl@t: 3J'"i~r ~ill'"l'-''\llj'<J'ill')oJ'<J'~ '\ f ~"l·q·
31 jc/fl cl <t %Tcl
cll I"i I fa 'ilfu I
<@ffl et ~ 'clil' ~
<l>nf- ~ al '\''J'ill')oJ''J'~'\ I .IJc:·1{'-'S'CJ'.si~·q·
T ~~ , l'.SI '11, 3T'Fi'
3J ')ill' 'J' ~ '\ f t o.i· ~3J"I ·.-S'i'l ill'')C:.' ~ 'QJ.<J'
ITT 'cl>T ~ cl'>, -11. ~ <151 'BTf.f!
~
"Cfic'! cl'>, '11, ~ <ITT '\C:. 'El 'If' ilf"''\ c:_' Qllj' a;.'\c:_. t' ,ii' ')C:·111 ~'If "I'
~ <'f"'11, '«1-cfif <ITT
CJ%"i''\c:· ~QJ·q· ~-~,_.3J')ill'"I'~'\ I 'i("l·?J'
qfQ{lt,UI ci'>,'11, '«l-3llc'll;<l'1 ~
"f1GT 3!'1cl'ld ~ . R1$11'1 <151 ')C:. 'i("l'CJ'al 'i. 'J' 11] ~ "I' ',i' al 'i'<,J<_'3J ')ilJ'q'
tfRT 'cl>T 3lJlT <'I u!T'1T, ~~lc'I qe,
~ ~ cl'>,-11 n211 ~1fu11.1'i 'cl>T
mcJ ~ :fin "1'tt m ~ ~
410
Set of Ten
c;~1Rlm iH'lcll- 3R'lei"lfl'ic11,

11 f.'! r1 CT1 fl '1 c1 I, 11 G-11 ffi {i '1 c1 I, ...,...,..._ ? "' .....
11G-llc1cfifl'ic11, Fclcicfifl'ic'll, ~ -
CJ/J,' 'l/ <l"l I 1 ' l<"j'3i'"Jl1'!]"l'CJ'~"10l"ii'\'~'
~fl'ic'll, f.'lq;iq5ttjfl'ic'll, ~ - ~
:::t "' 'Ii.......QOl' "l.......11
"i" ~"' "l'%l:J Ol' CJ/J,.
~l.11~1.1{i'ic11, ~ -
lffi'ri Ifl !.I ffi 8:1 f.'! G-1 <1 il "I: '11!.l ffi f.141 _ G'!IT il<141~1lic11:- 111~11.1<1<1'1,,
f.'1 +1 \ oI<:l,c•"-Ni '1 c1 I, 'l-l Icl c1 l'l-l Icl c1 Ifl '1 c1 I 3luil~ll.1<1<1'1, t.11'1"~<1<1'1
irfcr I f1'11Rl<i<1'1 ' f1R1cfi!.ll.1l•l<IC'1~·
G"1" l,I <Ii I ~ <fit iH 'l cl I ~-- 3R'le-i-ul- ~~
{i '1 c11, 11f.'lfi1rnf1+1c11, 11"11ffifl+1c11,
:;fq:1.1<1<1'1·: ~ '
<!c'fl,,
,
' -
'1 i, I~ -::t"J fl'ic11, Fclcicf>fl'ic'll, ~ - <1 irfcr I
~t\-J-1-.-i-<1-'
'1<& fl '1<1 I, f.'1 q;i 4il{i '1<1 I, ~ - GiH if<1" q1~fllc11~- 111~11.1<1<1 ,
~ l.11 ~1.1f1 '1c1 I, ~ wf l!Tl.11-~
31U11~11.1<1<1, t.11~"~<1<1, f1'11fEr-
-~-~-uf<'l-tj.-(;'11-
of<1, {i 1-11 iii !.I 4'1 • I <I <1, ii fq; 1.1 <I <1,
qfu_fu..r_f.'1'11 oI et) ~ f1 '1 c11
~. ~. 'ii,l~il-
\l\1.11 'l-l I cl c1 l'l-l Icl c1 If1 '1 c'1 I I
.r<'I \l\1.11 '{icfc1""1 I' I c1 IR) t\-J I'1 <I <1 I
The ten samenesses- Lacking
tnily existent signs and marks, The ten perfections of power-
lacking truly existence of The power of thought, the
characteristics, lacking extremes power of resolute thought, the
of production, being unpro- power of retention· formula, the
duced, being isolated, primor- power of meditative
dially pure, lacking conceptual concentration, the power of
elaboration, not being objects of perfect application, the power of
acceptance and abandonment ' authority, the power of
being like an illusion·' dream·' confidence, the power of prayer,
shadow; echo; moon in the the power of loving kindness
water; reflection and emanation, and compassion and the power
and being a thing and non-thing of the blessings of all Tatha-
as non-dual. gatas.
CS.. I:\.......
"'~"'".,CJ/J,'Q"l<SJ'CJ/J,' ..,~~«J, .,~ ,:,.
~
-J
·,;jZ::"l':'J"'l/'l"l!
("'ei'"'~l Qei;,.i·CJ/.l'{"'«J! 'a!'ll"CJO"Q~;,.i·
CJo.•.- - ·-
'll"'"ll _ g~·"'o.''li"'~I ~~·~"'\i .
~ z::·?. ·o.~"i-~ ·{ "'"l I UJZ::''\'ll'CJ";o.s~-"'a: {"'~I f"i·CJ3·("'~1 <l<!]'CJO'{"'~l
{"'«Ji 'i"'z::·9·{"'"ll 1jQOl"CJo:{"'"ll
411
Gf! <ITT qif Set of Ten
sc:·t,:r~oJl!,1'
lc:if<-·c:ia.·~c:i~r <I'~ c:·qfl.· ~ol'~'-''\C:'\ ~·o1<6'-i'-'l'\'<i/,,·~.i·
GlT <lc'llf.'l-;,i1~1l1<1c1'1. 31Ull~lll-
'
~"·'\c:·1 '<51~·~· f-i't1'-'l\t1fl.· ~oJ'ij"'''f'I
-.rc'I"'[, !.I I.I'I' I tj c1 '1., ~ 'ol I~ <1 'j, ~
~". ol' 'li 9. <IQ.''i9~·'<~'\. t1 ._."l[" ~· <I''\C:' [
C\. ...... "'
~ . lll'1cilc1'1, iilllciic1'1,
' ' '
+a~=cgca4=01=cil=c1~'1., ~. ~QJ' ijoJ~'ii'\'~ ~'<I'~'\.~~·<6''\...i'\. <I' '\C:' \
t1 4ii w!.I cl ct '1 <I c'i ilfc'I' I /
Gff " i f < ' f ~ . 31Ull~lllcilc1, i"i'"Jol'~Cl'<i~'9"1-i'~'~-i'(-i'~·~9~·
!.ll.fi'lciic1, $11'1cilc1, ~ . ~~·Q.<1c:~·t1<-·s'\·t1·~·c:i~.{1 l l
lll'1cilc1, illlfoc1, ~cg4"1cilc1,
~ am 1c14i1w!.lc1ct..-i- '3 q Ill <1>1 ~ I c1 'fll GlT on:T:- 3ffi'r-
-.rc'I' I il \1,'1 f~. 31!.IR1tol~61~: (x'lclt-
The ten powers- Power of 'nl!.IR1tol~61~:), ~afUJl!.
thought, power of resolute ~ " l l ~ i:mcl-
thought, power of acquistion, '11'1Ff't, 31 jc1 A-1 ~"ll <11 ~ lflill:,
power of wisdom, power of 31 ~ cl fii" c/l ~ ' Icl.H c~ I<Iii ~ Ic1 '1., 3!f.'!-
prayer, power of vehicle, power ~:, 31!.lfill<11'1~111ill-
of conduct, power of trans- q, c1 '1., 31 fi <"<HI 6: (3RT'T: ). <fcf-
formation, power of enlightened ~ ~ ll $11'1 c<l '11 !.1 '110 i ilfc'I' I
mind and power of turning the Gff '3 q Ill <1>1 ~ I c1 Y"llT'T- iJT#
wheel of dharma. "'lffi ~ ~ ,ill-1 YT'<'1' <ITT-at c!iT
ll<l'N'lllf'l'N'~'i'",'Ci'<li l Cl~'\'Cl~ 'QJ ~· ®aJ' !.1 lil ' I, 31 !.I R1 ~ <1 !.1 lil ' I, 3ffiriITTUT
!.1 lil' I, muJUR cfi -.rc'I' ~ aifTm
c:ifl.·f<-'CI\ £l·9°i~·t1fl.·j:.,·c:i1 !l°i'51C:'ol' fcl;-1) "1T"f cfTc1T !.I ITI ' I, 31 '1 I<>f ~ 1
!.1 lll' I, 31 ~ cl fii" c/l !.141' I, 31 f.'I ri CTI
il:l"i'<ifl.'oJi6'-i'~'\l i"i'"Jol'~'~91N'~~· rrrn'~
!.I I.I I' I, " ,,, ~ I~
V II tl !.1 lll' ' I, 3f[-[i"ll-
Q.'IC:IN'<Jfl.·j<-'Cl\ £l·'\£li:ri~·qfl.·f<-'Cl\ m !.1 lll' 1 ~ 3lw"rll w:rrr
!.I I.I'I' I I
!•;il·{9·t11l.·j<-'C1\ ol~'oJ'.sl'\'<ifl.·j•;
The ten trainings in skillful
Cl\ f-i'<i'.sl'\'<ifl.'{'-'CI\ q~°i'<i'-''<~°i'<i' methods- Training in over-
coming the Mara, training in
.s)'\•qfl.·f<-'Cl\ ri:ri~·q·,$''\'.sl'\'<ifl.·j<-· non-abidance, extra-ordinary
training, training j)ttj ected
c:i.{n <c:i~'\·c:i~·QJ~·"'\~·q·'\c:·r o1~"·
through the power of prayer,
;\"i'aJ·il·9"i~·<i''\C:'! !l"i·5i'c:·.<.ril:l "i·<ifl.· training without visualization,
irreversible training, training in
412
Set of Ten
signlessness, tra1n1ng 1n wish- The ten characteristics of

lessness, training in non- Mahiiyiini spiritual teacher-
apprehension of true existence Being disciplined by the higher
and training in immeasurable training of moral discipline,
realization. being pacified by the higher
training of meditative concen-
il9·•ria:;·?i1t·')~·,:ia·~ei·9~.:;·~·&1~·,')· tration, being perfectly pacified
(!~! ~9·<.i· ~"l·~&1&1·~·<l~<l'<.J'~"l'<ll by the higher training of
wisdom, being rich in the
~ 9· <.J'~ i:.'~...,_~o\. ~. <l~ (I' <.J' ~." 1 ~ 9· <.J' quality of oral transmission,
being realized emptiness,
~ &I' ,;Q· ~·<l ~<l· <.J' l""'. ~." 1 ":\i:.. ~. cJ:fo\. possessing more knowledge
rya:;·~ &1·~9·<.i1 { i:.·<.i·~"t{9"1'<.J I i <1·&1· than the disciple, skillful in
speech, being endowed with
"l"I' cJ:fa:;·'i o\. ~9· <.i 1 ij.&1fl "I. <.i I "t ".'ii:.· compassion, being endowed
with enthusiastic perseverance
~·<.J1 <ifa:;·c,_~&l'')l:.' ~a:;·<.i1 j·i:."l' tii:.· and being free from disgust and
tiredness.
'161 ll l"l<bii<ll 01Fll·,1101 i ~

"<,!HOllf.'I ~arm ~'lj"l'~''-11 <l~_')''J/.l.·&11 &1ti:.·<1/.l.·&11
~~MM~, ~arm
~11f.'a:, ~arm ;:iq~11f.'a:, <l~<l"l'<Ji.l.·"11 "-~\ 'lj"l'')l:.' S"l·,:i/.l.·"11
311'1'l'J."1'1 ~. ~"lltil~- S&l'<.J{<lj&l'<.J<'l:"11 gi:.·~&1"1'~'"11 "11:."I'
'llr!M~, ~: ~-
f1"-1"'1t11, qlcJtig~l<i1M~, ct,{>011- $"1·~·"1it11
'lll (-q 'I , ~ ll rl ~fl C'1 (-q 'i ' i3l;'T-
' ' ~ tn '1 ll I"l"t.'l ll :- ".),cfc,I ~ c; ~l-1-
cfc,I I'fl , f% c'ci ilfi'r I
-rrfu: ~ : 31t\:o'ict,: , ~ -
<b ii<ll o I fll ?I
~'"l, '11,1~'"1,
'i i5 1<11.fl ff'; Gf1'
·~··, ==fi'i-:
-rrfu: u:J1f'l, ~ : c/,(11~-
"<,!HUT- ~ mrr ~ ~.-fla,
'-11~1'\1"11-!'I,
~:, ~<'11ct,'.'f!,'jfi'r:, ~ : ,
C.
~ fuan ~ m'fl", 3lfmmT

mrr ~ '3 q ~ 11 'fl. 3Tf'T1l-TT if ~I
cRT, ~"lltil-~. ~lts!TI ~ ifFt ll 1-1 ~ Gf1' ''IPI Oll'ill, ~/1rl~fl"1 ~
i3"iPT ~ cfc,I 1'fl ~ ~ "ITT'11 I
~. ~ <'11 et, '.'f!, ctt ·'ifl!r,
~ctl~~~-~I
413
Set of Ten
The ten Grounds of Lesser godanfya and Uttarakuru, these

Vehicle- Pure seeing ground, four are human continents.
family ground, the eighth The four great kings. the gods
ground, seeing ground, dimini- of the Thirty-three, the gods of
shing ground, ground free from non-combat, the gods of Tu~ita.
attachment, ground of under- the gods of enjoying emanations
standing deeds, ground of being and the gods of controlling
the Solitary Realizer, Bodhi- others' emanations. These six
sattva ground and Buddha are.from the Desire Realm.
ground.
11·q~·r4a;i'clf"i·9~Q·q~] §"''J3ll"]·~
"l°f~41·~·9"'41·q~r lJqJ~ ·q~ .q,;·~.,. r ~ 3Jo.J'§·q·u:J"i I !l·rf3i·q·~3io.J·{,;·,rul~1
'l.'49"'<J[ f·iu:"l'!;!'m,;·r ~Q'Q'ilj!;'f11
1'l,;·i:J·(~,;. "1 "<>i· CJ' ul"i I ~<>i·~ i!Ji!J·£1·
s,;·;·!l·~"ir
~3i.,·q·u:J"' r ~ "'·.:r,;o.J·q·,,_~"l·ci·ul~r
cif;·~~<VJ"f ®,"l'i6"i'~4.l''l~[ 'l;i3l'
f
Q~1·~· 1·~"l'"l"1'".1".'CJ'ul "i l ~·-~~·
~'S'"]'l;i3l[ ".~'l'Q<>lj 19"-'~"il ".~"l·
<>i3J'!\<l'-'"-~" CJ'ul"il 1~·ci·®.·:t~·II·
19"-[ 9"1"i'"-~"l'1CJ,;·~1''lilo.J'Q(3lo.J'
"1.f"l·r;·ulo\ I ",;"· ®'"'3J,;·cr3i1l,;·ci·ul~1
!Jo.J'Q~;{rr
",;"· ®."·~"·~"\·!"!Q·<rulo\ I
G'fl ~ ell ffl I '11 f.'! ifg4j6!!-
JSl,illlll: G'fl "111j;ffi: 31'!ltlttl:-
lftrrr:- <£4fcl~s:. ~:.
' "
31q,,11c;<1lll:, lelrn,cg'l:i~ tj R'I I 'CI IT1 '1 '.j, t> ~ t<~ Rl rn j<'Y €.I (1 a'
3 1 ~ f.'1 cl-ct-i1, ci q I'\ !i Pi; ll liul
rrf( cf>/'1<1c//: tj I g4s" 1"1 c/J Ifi'1 c/JI:,
?I Ill ff.,i ~11:, "llT'JT:, W'ffil:,
f.'11-1\01- <fi~ 11 wi:1 c'I If.'1 'cJ ~ . (1
~:. q,f.'1R1"ac1~1c1fM.-J~'f1R'I I ~ft c'I It\ ~ 'l 1-Jcl f.'i-1 , "fllli
Gfl ~ : rfR 'ljli'/ iftrr- ifc'l ~ 11 : efl ll -i1 , "ci" lITTT'!•
31 R'I i!i IIi f.'i-1. "ci" i:rrlffl'lT'f ~ 1'jcl f.'i1,
l£4fcl ~s. ~. 31q,,11c:<1lll
fc) gc'I cg ~ Ic'I {i tj ll f.'i-1, 31 ~ et, Hi
~ lelrn,cg'l:i I
EP: cf>/'1<1c/- tj g4s I" "1 c/J Ifi'1c/J, 1~1.-Ji ~ ~. -a- ~
~ 'Ii cl f.'i-1 ilfu I
?illlff.,i~1. trm, ~ . f.'11-1\o"f<'I
'5f,il1 ifl'r Gfl "lllJ'& 31'!ltit11~·
"d\11T q, f.'1 f'1" d cl ~ I cl ctfi I
ICl rn 1-1 ~ cr; ftrrn <ITT BclllG
The ten higher abodes- Purva-
videha, Jambudvipa, Apara- 51ill l ~ 31e11'! ~ f.r'[n 5l(l" t_
lel '1 ct,l !i f.;; ll cftaur ~ (l wil el
414
Set of Ten
mvITT1t t, ~ m ~ ;,-gf
x'I in Ratna;vala- Vajra, bell,
~ t. '3'1cil ~ ~ murm wisdom, deity, mandala
t.~+JRctt$x'l~m (celestial abode), sacrificial
\if@ t, ~ ./te,,wf lIT'<l cITT"f[ t, offering, mantra, coloured-
~ <'g~IC'I 'PT ~ cITT"ff t, powder, ritual cake offering and
empowerment.
3RcP ~ er; ~ ~ -g 1;ci ~
~ er; i,m ~ ~ t1 ~'f'"i'~oJ'<l'll~f i·!Jc\'~·rfa;1 o1<E"a;·~"i·~·
The ten main benefits arise
from faith- The mind of a ~·f·a;1 5a;·~·o1·ar9·q/\·~·F·a;1 "'s~·!:l.·
supreme person is cultivated,
the freedomless states are 'i"-'~,l~·rf a;1 "9~'"i"- ~·!J/\·~·rfa;1
discarded, the sense faculties !!l<!]~'CJc\'~'F'a; I ~3J'CJ"''i9''.Jc\' fil'i'~"J'
become sharp and bright, ethics
is not transgressed, delusions ~·~·rf a;1 !Ji·!J/\·~·ff·a;1 ,;Q·:r1s·!J/\·
are overcome, the realm of "'?- -
Mara is transcended, the path of
1·F·a;1
'?- 31 F~·qr.,,· i'F·a;·Q,,;~·!J~"'ll
liberation is gained, extensive c; ~ Ifcl ti <1 '<'<I 't- 'f<'I <1 fi'I '\, <'!e'fUT-
merits are accumulated, many cifi'l't, 31fclq,i\{1<1fi'l't, ~ -
Buddhas are seen and one is dfi'l't, aft c; I Rcfi{i&-1-idfi'l't, ~ -
blessed by Buddha. <1fi'l'1, Fc1 :iJRl, rh1~afi'111, ~ - ,
~'f'"i''"i·~·~·,"i·ii~1 ~·.i,rq,::,,;-,::,·a;~r d~~.
,
wlC:<1fi'1'1,' , cf>~~IC"ll-
-afi'l~5l__,,_i1"'Fc'i I
\~1 ~"J·!:l.1 ii:l·~~r ~r ~"J'"'F"l Gff ' I ~
<'!lffUI
'
cl"'\'C!'
* cJ'"<'q- "'f<'! cl"fi'I',
3l Fcl q '-1 j {1 cl"'\'C!'
i"'·q~9 '1(9~1 s"J·afa;1 9~,;·o11
ll>c'I-~ cl"'\'C!, aftc:1Rcfi-'1&-li
'j!JC:,'!J1;j"'~ll cl"'\'C!, ~ Ri .i, cl"'\'C!, Fcl :i,!Rl-' i'hi<
cl"'\'C!, ~ cl"'\'C!, w'lG cl"'\'C! om
cfl!.@Tm: ~ <1'<'<11 f.'t- "\3qff 'i'/
et>~ ~ IC"ll cl"'\'C! I
?Hvc/lA : c["(i!:, 'f.!Ucl, ~1·1'i,
' Ten types of suchnesses- Root
~: ' '1 u-,; c1 '1,, l,ll,: ' "f";a: '
suchness, suchness of character-
~
~:,~:,~1
* Gff cffiJ : ?r-/vc//(1 it
qjlfT '171T t-
c["(i!, 'f.!Ucl, ~ '
ristics, unmistaken suchness,
suchness of fruit and cause,
suchness of coarseness and sub-
~. '1"-sC'I, !IT'l, "f";a, m ~. tlity, suchness of fame,
~ Til!TT 3@J ~ cfi I suchness of pure object of
The ten essences according to experience, suchness of collec-
the reality: As it is mentioned
415
Set of Ten
tion, suchness of classification and Bhagavan (the Victorious

and suchness of mastery. One).
~·q~oli'"lil9'11'"1Q,'31~'!'~31'!!JC.'ll'Cli!J ~- ~oli''\IIJ'"IQ,'~"l'!!JC::'ll'CI~\ i''ll'~''\SC::OI\ ~-
Cl~oli-~11]111'<1\ '\!!J·ciraJ·"r o.JC::''\'ll'"". F'3i'~'\l OJ'~"·ci·\ci~3i.~'\l toi·~·
'('l]'II' <IQ., 'II c; 'II' ®'11 \ ~'l] '<I''\C::, «jCI 'II'~· l:l_~'s'CJ'~'\l OJ1)0J'<l'~'\l f c;·q·~'il
~oli'"l CJ~'CJ's'~'l]'ll'<I\ ol.<l]·~~·aJis~· i'01'<l]3i'll'<l'~'\l o.JC::''\<l]'<IQ.'OJ~l:l_\ ~·
"l &'11'':j'O.~"l'CJQ.'("'QJ'~'s'CJ'§f3i'SJ 'i'"l CJ~3i' ~ '\ l CJ'll!J'~01'3l'~CJ'<I'~ '\'\!!
'lf'\c;'3lAOJ'11'~·{3i'"l 'IIC::'11'®'11\ ciraJ· 4>!1-Jlffl G1IT qljftll:- ~ .
t1f<P-j. 3W@mfr, t14f.'1<1'1AI,
~'"-'\'ll'ijll
ti'idl, ~)..'"<di, ~.
<l:>.11 11cl t-ll G1IT .-J 11-J I f.'1- <f:miTa:, ''if1 <!il Fe::, <fmfr, 31 RI ._11t1 Ig~-ii ~ I
~. '{iH.l<t'<i':J,<fi:, Fcl.:i1ti,01- 4>!1-JI~ <$ GU 4llfl1- ~
flR1"1:, wm:. "fPlfcl<;_, 3!jrn,: clfcl' (11mrr). 3lfc@mrr. wl-
g"~ c; '1 <!ifl Ix~:. ~ cl '1 j"1.l~I I«-11:, f.'l 1111a 1. xi'idl. ~,1.,.-<.idl. wl-
~: ''1'1cll'1 ~ I ~ . 'l-[<1<!i'1Fc: (,iRlili <Rf?;),
<l:>.IT'Tcl' <$ GU '.-Jlll- <l:miTcl, <fmfr 112.TT 3!Rl"l1'ofT\! I
GIBcf., fl Rl <!i' ·H 1<-4; , fcl i'.11 tl , o1-
" The ten synonyms of ultimate
~fl=A:1~"1~. '.fTc1. c'fl' I fcl <;_. 3!jrn, truth- Sphere of reality, that-
g" ~ c; '1 </, fl "~ ( ~ 'cliT Gl=f'l' ness, non-fallacious, unchange-
cf>R cfT<'t ~). ~cl'1j"1.l~ll«ll ability, sameness, Emptiness,
(~cit1 I ~ lf'Jl'ZlT 'cliT ~1 l«-11), ~ Dharma-continuity, ultimate
~ 1-Jllcili I
extreme, suchness and unthink-
The ten synonyms of Tathagatas able state.
Tathagata, Arhat (Foe-Destroyer), s,c;·{c;·~'l]'ll'CJi!J 'II' "J' ~·CJQ,. s,<:-fil"c; 'l
Perfect and Complete
enlightened one, Perfect in "-::!". r.,_?.i<l_. :ic;· i c;' l ~ OJ' <I's'~"l' <IQ,' s.,·
knowledge and conduct, Sugata
(Well-Gone), Knower of the i c::·1 OJf'"-'"l'(:j's'CJQ.' s,c;· i C::'\ 'lf";\"I'~'
worlds, The Unsurpassable one, r.,_sfcia.·s,c::·ic::·1 ~-"-~"l-~'11·"-srci?l. s.,

Supreme Trainer, Teacher of
gods and human beings, Buddha ic::·1 '\(oi·~ci·~oi·r.,.~·cir,,·:ic;·ic::·1 ~c;
(The Fully Enlightened One)
416
Set of Ten
c:~1fl'lt11: 31:l,t"f<1ll:- ij,<&lj*'tRI:.

...,, ~,:.,. ....,.. ....,.. t1'lfjqRI. ,4t11jqRI:. ~hc'llj
~ c:·1 ~CJ'CJ"'-'~·a.,.(CJQ.' ,:iC:' ~ c:·c: ·11
~:. c:111jqRI:. ~cit11jqRI:.
ffi =::tt.ffil<'l•I f:- 1i_iN?\i~:. ~ - 31111 q 111 j,"2RI:, c/J Ill Ic/J 1, IjqRI ,
'111?\i~:. Fclm~f'5t1?li~:. ~ - 011 <ell '.1,*'i RI . 't ,ctH"l RI ~ -cl RI I
~:. f<l•f>l(1?\i~:. ?lif.&'1(1- ~ lJ<lil'x ~ ar:i;~fwn'-
ij,<& ljqRI. 1'1'lljqRI. Xi~lj-
~:. "!5~'1(1?\i~:. 3TI"'l"R,-
~ . ~hc'11 1qRI. c:111jqRI.
'lt1?\i~:. "11011'1(1?\i~:. ~ -
~ cit11jqRI. 31111 q 111'.:l,qRI.
'1(1?\i~~ilRI I c/Jllllc/J1,1 1qRI. 011<clljqRI (1~
ott.ftil iir ~ ~ <Pt- 1iii' ?Ii~. 't.--q ci j'1"2Ri I
~ll'll1?li~. Fclm~f'5t1?li~. The ten recollections- Recol-
"fll~iH?\i~. f<l •f, It1?1i~. ?lif.&- lection of Buddha, recollection
•lt1?1i~. °!5~' It1?1i~. 3TI"'l"R,- of Dharma, recollection of
' It1?1i~. "11"11'1<1?1i~ ~ Sangha, recollection of moral
discipline, recollection of
fflf<&,1t1?1i~ I
giving, recollection of deity,
Ten categories of sage (~~i)-
recollection of inhaling and
Sage who moves on earth, who
exhaling, recollection of various
flies, who walks in dancing
constituents of the body and
mood, who travels in the sky,
recollection of birth and death.
who travels in the heaven, who
moves miraculously, who takes "l'\51'11'C:"J'"'~1 ~"'' r.J'~.C:-, ifa.i· 9'\"' 51 'rJ I
an enchanted form, who
disappears in light, who moves CJ~ "i. 'J' CJ~ '"-1'9 '\"' 51 ·rJ 1 ~"i.'\~"i'o,l$9·
in embodied forms of anything Ill~51·a.i· 9 '\"151' rJ 1 ~· CJ' C:"i' er a.i· ~°\. r.J'"-1'
and who has attained
excellence. 9 '\5151·rJ r u:rc: 51·~· c: a.i ·CJ'al'\· r.J·a.i· 9 '\5151 .
rJ I 'll9·'J· i"i·~·a.i51·ci:fr:;51· ~·CJ~c:·CJ·a.i·
l'<11l<ll''~i':i"i r.Jj '\~ "'~·i'l'11'~':i"i''Jj -
9'\5151 '" I 1/"i. ~·a.i ·9 '\"1 51 'rJ 1 51~c: "i '-i'I 51·
ta.i·~oJ'lll <11'~':i"i''Jj ll]'jC:'CJlOIi'~ :i"i' ~Ill' a.i ·9'\51 'II' rJ I 51ii"c: ·a.i 51·a.i ·9 '\51 '11 '" I
r.JJ 'l~51'~':i"i''Jj '\~ll]51'~'"iC:'~'~'CJ' {51'"-151'"-I' 9'\"151' 'J~ll
~ 51''!:!':i"i''JJ ',,!51'~A"'''Jl 51·~·:i"i''JJ c;~1fl'lt11: mm: (31<'1<'11C:1:)-
ffli%f<l"11'11 q~~I:, il<'J.,14x-k1.flq-
a·"'l 51·~·:i"i''JJ a.£·"'l 51·~·:i"i''J~II
~:. 3TI'tlRcf(1' Gi,Mlq~~I:,
'
417
Set of Ten
.., ' ~- ~a/''J"s';'!t;'J:;J",'C\ O:,'tJ\ ~~-"' ,;·~·~·

cfc,l I•ffl q ~~I:,'H5 Ill I·1'1 l'f«l "yft-
"-~a:,·t11 a1· ~~·q·'ii;· ~~·qx_·"-~a:,·t1~11
{l 15of1 q ~~I:, q51t1t1aj,:1~~1:, qzj'i'r-
$1)q~~I:, c;~f'1'11•/'iq~~r. 'llfcf'IT- ~~l~Ef: 311c-JJc;~f'1>Jl6:- ~ -
'11'/'iq~~l~-tlfa I lJT!5:, g<ji;-q QIi5:, ''il c/ti <'<HI Io,
Gff 11<1>1~ cf) ~"U- ~ - cf5Q(-q!ll15:, -FclltF"A!.1115, 3W1'-
~ c!)T ;:iq~~I. 'cfR 3lltitklJ q fa i;-q \.11 15: , f.'kll i;-q QI 15: , fi fcl-"1 'c! -
c!)T ;:iq~~I. ~ 81,c'i c!)T c.l.lcl c; I'1 i;-q \.11 15: , l/1 fi'I tcl \11 o:,
'3 q ~~I, '!1, et, ,j ~ J;ITT'r ~ 31 'jc/t1 'jc/t1 i;-q \.1115 ~-tl fa I
"ff FcN Fclf1 c!)T '3 q ~ ~ I, 31 qRcfc,l I"1 Gff Y'il>lx cf) 31-1<11-c;-~.,f '1-IJ-11;-
~ c!)T ;:iq~~I. 'il51lll'1 i:wf ~ ~ et, tcl \.11 15, g<ji;-q \.11 15 , "il c/ti tcl \I m,
qR!.!15"1 ~ c!)T ;:iq~~I. {[fq cf5Q(-qQl15, fcllt1"511Q115,~-
"tj"e:J: c!)T '3 q ~~I, U1, ~ c!)T lJT!5, f.'kll i;-q \.1115, fi fcH <e ell cl-
;:iq~~I. c;~f11-11•f c!)T ;:iq~~I Til!.IT GI"1 cq ~ 1i;, 4)fi'li;-qQl15 i:rj
1ilcl'11'11•f c!)T ;:iq~~I I 3l 'jc/t1 'jc/t1 i;-q lJ I15 I
The ten instructions- Instruction The ten views at the self-
on the nature of achievements, Conception of being one,
instruction on the Four Noble conception of being the cause,
truths, instruction on the Three conception of being the
Jewels, instruction on detach- experiencer, conception of
ment from wrong conducts, being the doer, conception of
instruction on the persistent being independent, conception
indefatigability, instruction on of being the owner, conception
the persistent practice of the of being permanent, conception
Mahayana path, instruction on of being ever-afflicted and
the five eyes, instruction on the thoroughly pure, concepttion of
six clairvoyances, instruction on being yogi and conception of
the path of seeing and being liberated or non-liberated.
instruction on the path of
meditation. q~·~"l"'i'-·?f{.;:,·cia·a1~qal ~-Q~~-
~ 1!J .,. ci,l ~,:;·?il'l.·a1~1 1!J;l,i; .,.~- ~QC,'

'l'i"l'ltq·~a:rr.rqal l!Ji"T:;;"·"'~"i't1\
~I!]' t~·?i.,.~.,·t11l.·a1\1 ~<;'"-'i"' i 'Q~
~"'"-~O:,'tJ\ ~·qx_·c.,.~a:,·t11 S'i'CJ"s'"-~O:,
tJJ x_i;·'iqi;·~·c.,.~a:,·t1 I <l'il!J'?i,;·"-~a:,·t11 a1\1 .:fx_· AA ·?s i;,q· ~·Illa:,, l!J'i l!J"' r.i~:~{1
~l!j''J"-'"-~O:,'tJ\ ia:,·a:,o,·~0:,'51<; .,.'J''it;' 'ir.i~·?si;·~ i;·~ ·i;·,;'o,·~.,·ci1l.·a1\1 ii)·~~·
418
Set of Ten
1c:q·!.!\'<I C\Oi"l'C\ <J'iil"i·c.i,;· oi '"l"l'~t:.·Q ·oi "i'l:Gl'<lsl iil· '11 C\~c;·
'l".j.l\'<IQ,'ol\1 c,·2f·~&·o1\1 ~oi·q,;·5) <ll ij"ll §'11'<11 ~·o11 .l\''l~l !.l\1

r<!]'<l'"l'C\~<!]'<la.·9~c;"l I oif ~ ·"iilft;"l· '11)'11"11 !"l'~<'E°.l\1 <l'"i.l\'~11
C\ sJ"l· <J<i"l' .rn *t-.:ll'!'fll~o1 c;'l1f.lm 11,urr-
'l:'c.!11ftl1- ~ . '11c-!1'j, ~:.
~c;~fcf>lf.'I ~ "14'1'1,' =n\,-,. q,f;l'1,' 31c1cfil{:,
t--"'1"1
~-;11ftl1- 012.11 11(1'1,j,i?l't, ~ - ~ . t£Nl: ( ~ : ) , 4dlcfil
~q{{l"14R~il'Plxi'1't, 'H514R- ~I
f.'I q\ oI{i'1 'j, 31 -s; 'Jfiji '11 <'I Ijl.H;- *t'11'!'fll~ ~ J.lcf>I~ ~ 11,ull-
~. ~1'11<'11R=ii; 011C:4R~il'PI '1:'c.ll'- 'f1'l'. 'lffi'!T, ~. 'RCl'1'
' . (-a q fiji ~) .,,-.err ('<J;'\). cm.
~. "1111c11Cj)lc1Cj)l'<,-i._~'t.
31~ fa q~~l'1 {i'1 't, '15 I5,"'.l,r1 {i'1'\. 31 <'I q, I{, U?I, t£Nl (Fil "1 ll t£Nl)
31fqq,i,(.J~~~l\!.Jl{Dft, {i?ll~llJ~tjfa I am qa1q-;11
al!-! 1•1 a •r•f <ITT c:~1f.'f ™~ Ten types of materials men-
tioned in Siitra- Flowers, gar-
~?I- 0 ~ , tjl{Uft~q{-
lands, incense, ointment,
{l(jj 4 R~..u I{i?I. '1 BI 4 Rf.'! q\01 {i'1. powder, garment, ornament,
31-s;'Jfijii, I<'1 lj\1 Bxtl ~'1 I<'11- umbrella, victory banner and
R:i i;.-J Ic;qR~itPl{t?I. >,1111 c1'1q,1- flags.
c1cfil{,t?1. 31~faq~~\-1,t?1, C\~~"l'~ar<l'<lsl 5l'ij<!]'<IQ,'C\~'~"11 i<!]·
~.~
~ xi?ll~lll I
Q~"l'<JQ,'C\)'~"11 <l"iQ]'iil "i'<IQ,'C\)'~"11
The ten sutras describing the 5l'<!]iit;'<JQ,'C\)'~"11 C\i <JQ.'C\5'~"11
inherant nature of Buddha
(Essence of Tathiigata)- Tathli- C\~ 1!] '~ .l\ ·~ol"l' <i"i' al· <J~ ·<JQ, ·"-)'~ "11 ~"I'
gatagarbhasiitra, Dhliral).isvara-
"I "I'~<!]'<IQ.."-)'~ "11 ijc;.<JQ,."'5·~ "11
rajapariprcchlisiitra, Mahlipari-
nirvlil;lasutra, Ailgulimlillinugra- a;9 "I' <I' "it;'!,l"I' <JQ,."-)'~ "1 \ C\ilf<!]'<IQ,.'-\)'
hastura, Srimiilasimhanlidapari-
Prcchlisutra, Jiianalokalanklira- ~"l·-fn
sutra, Apratipaddarsanasiitra,
c:~1f.lm "fl'~- 31 f.'l,ll fi$1 I, "5,:'5.T-
Mahiidundubhisiitra, Avikalpa-
pravesadhiiral).I and Sutra~aya. mrr. 4{1 (1-'1.!fi,il I, ~.
~'t~,ll~x-i""$1=1, x-i 4<"fl q, I'1 fl1, fa fi $11,
419
Set of Ten
~61"1'fi$11, , G'fi" II I , f.'l .'j /.I - wli.

41a,1•1fi$1I, ~ 'i'lfi, I i't 41ll'I f.l cf>, /.I IIi <'1~ fi-l, cf>, cf> 1'l IqrN
G'fi" ~"'" ~ ~~- 3!f.k/.l- RcllliljOl.ict>. ~ . '"'11.
ffl. ~:'{!l fi $11, "1 >!i i;-R.i fi $11, 3!W[- ~ . ~ . 31fii) ~ '1tj{-i,;,'1-
ffl. 'i<-ll fi $11, "'ficT c'!lcl, -,:'t '11 fi;,\11
~ : ~ c/'; ~RlcJt,c'l- Ten types of trainee- Hell
~61"1'fi$11, ~1(1>!1'1'fi$11 Cl~
'1$11, beings, birth of animals, world
~I of Yama (Lord of Death), Gods
Ten types of discrimination- and human beings dwelling in
Discrimination of imperma- the Desire Realm, those who
nence, discrimination of suffe- dwell in the intermediate state,
ring, discrimination of selfless- those who dwell in the Fonn
ness, discrimination of ugliness, Realm, those who dwell in the
discrimination of death, Formless Realm, those who
discrimination of disaffection have discrimination, those who
with the entire worldly things, don't have discrimination and
discrimination of revulsion from those who have neither discri-
nutriment, discrimination of mination nor indiscrimination.
abandonment, discrimination of
O.~"l't:il!t·.§1'&1l!t·&1~'~'\'"l!f <li~'Qf
detachment and discrimination
of cessation. lllfl"'l''-1[ ~~-~·111<>1·5·"1a:,~·'lf •r~,·
a.~<>i·i::r·~111·i:rt:i!f ~111•-ru;·'\~"ri::r1 5'\· l:J~a:,·5·"1a:,~·"I ~c::-~·'\c::· 'l/"i''lf <l~\q
~y.l: a·"l"i•-r" I
ll. :ri1\a:,la.."-~ "l'~ a:,·" I '\c::. 'l/"i'" I "i c::. ~ .f.l.f",'\"l. 'lf l •-r~~·
"-\'\'"·a;,· J'\·"a.· l'\":al r i::r,;·aJ·~· ~'\· '4°', "'\"lo;·" I ~c:11ic::. ~ o;·'4°',·q_\ lffl!l'QJ
"1 "l 1l"l "'l';sa:, I "l 1l"l ~·il '\'" I "-5'~ o;· 5~-,'i'"l'\i<J~· c:: "l'"'\ aJ ._;·"~l r
u;r "'~Y~o;·il'\·"r "-5·~~·;sa;,·"lc::·111· f.'I.JllEl,•J,'1: ~ <'ll:l"llf.i-
c;ij;(11, cJil~l<'l.ili, filcl!xOl~l~{tjl,1:
a:i a;,· q_5-~ ._;·;sa:, ·111· a:ia:,·r,i· "l c::·111· a:i a:,· 'l~r 1 < ' '
~ . cfl'(>Ull-
c; ~I f.'lqt ~'/.I':- '1 l>!cf>:, i'l4• 1.1'1f.l cf>:, li /.I fcl Ii , al If.'a 'fi Ii 'i:11 •Ict fcl Ii ~-
~ I0/.l 'fi ll1 "'1 fcl Ii' ' El tj'i q ~ IRi'i:I ~,,
0
lJ IIi cl1 fi-l, cf>: , cf> IIi Icl 'cl :
~ I ~: ~
'(f)""IJ,I
31""1~,'t,a'~'tn1Y°"c/>crlR~fcl=li,, <I~ I'Ii liil \31!-
~ . ~ . 31fi;,i'J, 'lilfi~l- ~~l~'<lffi I
'11,-i ~1 'i'lfi, I f.'I CJ llEI, 1J,~ et G'fi" c'!lffOT-
'i_ is (1 I, cg~ I6i ct I, '1ltTRUJ 'i1m
420
Set of Ten
(-/rtr) if cfIB cfi '< '11, '11tfT"'<UT 1iP1 gossip, harmful intention,
i'f cfIB C/J , "i I, cfi -6 u11 i-l <F-i1 , covetousness and wrong view.
fl E, '1 ~n C'1 <:i1,
~ ~ I "111 it t11-<j "i
l?r,,r, c:r-.\ it q '< cfi c"-11 oI cfi '< '11,
311r14c;l'1 it 4'<cfic"-11°1 cfi'<'11 Cl1!_"ll Q;iC:'Q'al'j'<la.'t'IJ'Cl1!_"ll Q~"i'
<f:m <1211'<1 1-1 ll q{ '3 q ~ ~ I tan t I
q·al '\·qa.· t 'l]'Q 11_"1 I <If"l'al'\·qa.· t'IJ·
Ten characteristics of a disci-
plined guru (Vinaya-Guru)- Cl1!_"ll ~"i'al'j'<la.'t'IJ'Cl1!_"ll i\~'\'
Being stem, skillful, abiding in
ordinary physical appearance, al '\·qa.· i i.i·q11_Qj1 ,J""l''\c:·al·if'IJ·sc:·'\c:·
dwelling on natural stage, being
compassionate, being endowed §'IJ'<la.·a:;:s'\ al '\·qa.· t 'IJ'Q 11_"1 I "1"'''\c:·
with patience, possessing pure ~-'\c:. ( Qj'.w\.~a.. af·S'\.al'\' <ia.. t '11'Q11_Qj I
attendants, benefiting others by
,:,,. ......... :-i. "' ~
means of dharma, benefiting 1c:·q"-'"''S'\'"' '\'<1"-' t'IJ·q 11_"1 I ~ "I' <I'
others by means of giving and
'\C:. ~'\'...=-. '\. '\'11''\'lj ,,_.'\';,I"'.-~ '\' qc,_·~
"' "I':)!'"' .
c,,_-
giving instruction in need of

time. s '\'al'\'qa.• t 'lj. Q11_Qj. o'.i'11
~~'<ta'Ql"l'Cl~l "'~·qr qt·q1 "'~'\·o'.i'i.i· c:~1~1ci ~=~- 'f1"11acfic'll-
J'\'"ll ~-a.Ji C:'<J'{QI Q~"i-i''IJ ~- ~:<lf'l, q 11 a cfi c"-15,:<lf't, ll 11 a cfi c"-1
~:<lf'j, cl f-:1 ~ cfi c"-15,:<lf'j, 31 i.'i cfi I'<-
"-S"lljl '11~'\-~iSl"I\ Q~Q-~iSl"I\ ~-q· ~ cfic"-15,:<lf'j, ''110,$] 4fi'fi'<a cfic"-1-
s"i·~·o'.i''IJ·<!f1
a
~:<lf'j, lT.£.J 1-11 c"-1 Fcl q 1 q R'4>1'<-
a cfi c'<l 5,:<lf'j, ,na
i ,ll cl IPc: ?I q R
ffl q I q cfi i-1 ffll I f6m, «1 ll 1-1,' ti;f, " a cfi c"-15,: <lf'l, 311 ct'l cfi q R ti;f, 1x
3fax:r~ lcfi I1-1:, ~ '1''<Pj, q I,ti <>Q 1-1, a cfi c"-15,:<lf'!, ~~'.!-64 q Rt1lllifi Ill-
31·F1't, ~ : , =ai~1q~1=c;:,
'
qRti;f, "a cfi c'<l 5,:"& ~ 1
3lim:m, P1U11'i~~tl I ~ "\r<t>R ,t ~:(Sf- "1T"1"'1-J1"Wl
Gfl q I 4 it> sf- fITT,r, "t!Wt, "cfiT'l- 'cfi"T "5,"&; i'm-m 'cfi"T ~:i's!;
fiwlrcrR, ~ , YI'<'~ c["tj','J, <IR-m 'cfi"T ~:i's!; <R?i'-m
'i41cJlc;, ~, c..q1q1c;, 'cfi"T ~:i's!; 31 c-i cfi l'<-J1"Wl 'cfi"T ~:i's!;
'
3ifm:m ~ PilU.1 1'i f6c'. I 'l-J I0,$14fi'fi'<-3l'+[jq 'cfi"T ~:i's!; lT.£1",
Ten non-virtuous actions- lffi'IT, ~ ~ '34cfi'<"I cr; m
Violence, stealing, commiting 'cfi"T ~:i's!; ~ , ,fu,, cJm '3 q cfi '< 0 I
adultery, divisive talk, harsh cr; m 'cfi"T "5,:i's!; Jil<'llcfi
speech, telling lies, meaningless '3 q cfi'< 0 I cf; m 'cfi"T "5,:i's! ~
421
Set of Ten
ffi <IT T"f 31 I'1 "G ~ ~ '<~<l~·~i;.·i!.i·"-~"·ii· 'l "l' "l'S'""'S"l'

~ cnr c!>J<l-'3qc/J~"I cl'> m
~'>l·~·'>l~''>l'aJf~·ql ""'"l'li~·~·l·111·or
cnT '.l;'"l·~,;·~Q'aJl'\''>l'i!.lf~'
of not having food; suffering of
not having drink; suffering of qi{ll
not having ride; suffering of not
<IIE;,''lil
having cloth; suffering of not
having ornament; suffering of ~,;·~"l'i"l'"l~~\ '\<lE;,'Q~'Ql>;'CI\ f'
not having vessel; suffering of
not having the necessity of {"''IS'"! "115"'i!.i\ -~'1_r.l.·'<al~·"l Sil\'
incense, flower, rosary and
~'>l'~Q''J\ ""'"l'li~l ~'>l·~,;·~ci·q1
ointment; suffering of not
having the necessity of dance, i!.il\'<{'\'S'"l "'i"l'~"l·o:i'li·~i:.l~·~
song and the sound of music;
suffering of not having the "l'li'-'Q'~'\'"i{l l
necessity of lamp; suffering of ~ 31 I "d ~ a'fit I f.'t (<l (it Iii I4'fll
not having the necessity of body
~ 311"d~'],DTI:)- x~-
for the enjoyment of men or
women till satisfaction.
''1 Ifcl d'1 fcl f.! cl ct '1 c/il ~ I6'<F1 • il'i!i
'
~ rtlci:11 ffi ~ ""~fclf.lqJ~
'1i'-·.ti·~-~'\·qi1 <(tffqslff·if'~~'fr c!il~I~'\. ~ ~ 'il
'c/J<iTI ~ c/il ~I~ 'i. $11 '1 Ifa'r-
!Jff'i'"'q'fQ"l'joj<''f'f ·f1"':sf) 1 Q~i;.· c '
~ 'ffi.)}'.rtfi'1·~ ii <l[ci:lT ~ -
~ , ; .tj §\aJ ~·°\ ~·S'';tj ! "l''>l' aJf ~' CJ I c!il ~I~'\. ~&Tc!i 311 c/J R:ii ii>
fi '-1~ '111 ~ 'ic!il ~I~'\. l·"1111~·q·~111~·~·§f·
c/il ~ I~ 'i' , 'i .-;J (ij q c/il ~ I""1 ~,'
<ilf.1~1f11~a'11R1 aiRi;il c1«1R
!5 I ~ I ll 'll i; '/i c'l) c/il ~ I""1 ~.
"l~'-''\"'-'<l l"'"''>l'aJf ~·" I ~~·,;"·iil. ~fa'dl'ifi'l\cfi c/Ji~l~'i. 1-jU,si,i-
'
~ ~''\'-''\QE;,'Q~''J'Q l"'Q''>l'i!.lf ~''J\ '\':!l' ~ fa q Ra 'f"111.l i ""q;'""j~~I~...,· ~ I
qf
2ia.·" ~~: i!.I. '\'-·~I>/·"a.·F·J,;·'\S·Q·'>l · f.lqJ.-i fclcict.-i ii, ~:
i!.lf~'"l "115>;'i!,JQ,'i:"l''>l'i!.lf ~''J\ ~.~,.~-
fj 'i q l>i 'i .-;J (ij q :, fflllRT.
qo1'i ,
'
".il~·qr.l.·~'>l''>l'i!.lf ~·" I ~'>l·"~'li· ~fa'cll'i'\, 1-jU,si,jJafaqfi'a:, ~ -
x-1fa~i1. 311<'11jq«-llj$11 ~ I
422
Set of Ten
Gfl 311 ""1 ii a'<if (<NI" Gfl empowerment, skillful 1n

311""1'1 1!llf)- ~ ~ ~ conferring the wisdom and
cf; lj]&!lf ~ fc)u, c!)T f.'I cl I, oI fourth empowerment, skillful in
cf,i(, '<lw q)T 3Wml if m fending off and scattering the
protectors of the enemy, skillful
'{j,~lc1t11, ~ if EfRUT cbi/'11
~,111R ~ fc)u, q;r f.'lc11,u1 ~ 1n the practice of rec~tation,
l'j '!),~I <1 di, t i c - ~ "Q'c/ skillful in the practice of ritual
cake offering, skillful in the
']tU-~ ~Gl1 ffi l'j
means of regorous practice
'{j,~lc1t11, ~ "Q'c! ~ when unable to actualize the
~ Qc;1ai m if cg~1c1a1. results through the usual order
~311 et; ,&,ii;et; 311 cp f{:,i cp of practice, skillful in the ritual
'<'1111•1 q)T 'BG', m l'i cg~1c1a1. rites of consecration and skillful
-.rfc;r-~ B <g ~ Ic1 t1 I. 1F'51'-"11l in the formation and worship of
m if cg~1c1a1. < I ~ ~ ~ celestial abode (mai;u;Iala).
3J'Rlffi fcnil ufR et; '3 q ' I"tl '+ft OR
~ ~ -.,tt mID t \ffi m Reversing and dispelling,
"f111<I '3"lJ Fc1 cl ct 11 <1 ~ ~ conferring the four empower-
B cg~lc1t11, Qfc,to1aifc1Rr B ments, fending off to the enemy
'g~lc1t11 ~ 'JD$c1 ~ '3i;-qf6:1 of the protectors, practice of
ritual cake offering, practice of
~ '3f1cl\1 ~ ffl l'i cg~lc1t11 I
vaJra mantra, actualizing the
<IT
regorous practice, practice of
f.'I cl -a '1 3i't. Fc1 f.'I cl ct '1, 'cfR consecration, creation of
3fferffl q)T Qc; I'1, ~ q)T 'l1ci, mandala, worshipping and
-.rfc;r~. cl (ii 'l "51 "11l, ~ q)T
practicing and taking self-
~. QffitoH, 'JD-sc1 ~ empowerment and bestowing
QR, q!ta. ~ "Q'c! ~ "Q'c! approval.
3ll<"ilj~lta ~ ~->!GR I
The ten internal qualities of a o!i'';.iij1;111·"arr.r1:1~1 ~·1:11 <11li:i1 >lic::·1
Vajra-master- Skillful 1n
e:i.ic::·i:i1 '91 i!Jto3i·<J1 i!J~lll-<JJ lll"1 ~-
dispelling interference by means
of meditation on the wheel of i!J I <l<!]lll''-J~II
protection, skillful in dispelling
interference by means of c;~l~l'.l'l 3!Ulli;i-li:~- ~>t>'j,
drawing mystic circles and =. 'lwll, fcrc. R'l~ltl'l, '<-111$1
tying them to the body, skillful
""' '
( cb Ic1 "1 'j), "'fi'l=ct1='1,
'
' cft1 '1, 3f"51'lf,
1n dispelling interference by 'cfi:t ~I
means of the vase and secret
423
Set of Ten
~ Y<t>R ~ 311'..!Hic'l "l:"clT- Wf>, (dwarf). Parsurama, Rama,

'[-if, '1""11, fclc;, "'!ix,, '<'1~151 Kri~i;ia, Buddha Sakyamuni and
(cfilC'li.il), fo:rn, Tc!n, 3P-, "C;ci Kalki.
~I
Ten inner substances- Sperm,
~"r"'a"i·"',l"i·s"'·~·i'~·<lijI o.iaJ/1.l'<:Ji"' 1
urine, marrow, excreta, flesh, 'lj ')aJ /1.l ',;,., ?. /1.l'"'~ "\' l<J3i' "l 'lj il 'lj'i 'I'
liver, bile, blood, intestine and
skin. ijc:i· OJI\.·~ 'I I il i:r,<i 'I. ijc:i·'J1\.·"\&'l <l]/1.l' 'JI
9'\~'fil'l~'<lijJ ~1\.·93i~'fil<l/!.lj ~/!.l'1:j"l' il 11(t,i\'ij<l''JI\.·~"\''._i'~·c:i1 .qfij<ll "'~<rj'

~·'l]i\/1.l'~c:i/!.ll '<l'l]'~'9i\~·~c:i~1 &ll\.· ij<ll g<rj/1.l'ij<ll ?./!.l'Q,~t;·ijc:i·CJ'<:J~l!,l·
..i ,;·~.;.. 'l]i\ ~· filc:i~ I &l ~·~,;.~. 'l]i\ /1.l' ~II
~c:i~ I "\SJ ",f "'aJl\.·'lji\~' fil<l/1.lj ,;·aJI\.· tn

fl I { i,l 4 <it lflq,f G"!lT EflTI: -
fucc1'1c<1IG:, 31qqlG:, ~ ,
' '
'l]i\~· ~c:i~ I 'Ill]'~· 'l]i\/1.l' filc:i~1 !!,le;~· '1i,I I.I 11 \l Rl4<:<'l-lltTR:, '11>11.1 I1\lffi-
Y"'-11 <'1 "'11 '(, '1 i,I I.I 11 \l R, 4 fc'n-
*~·~''lji\~' ~<:J/1.lJ ~ll]/1.l' ~"i·~·'lji\~·
+l'j~~I:, +l.ail1,!,lf;,qfc'n:, ~ -
~
fil<l~·~ II !,lf;,qfca:, ~lx\lffiqfca:, f.11.1\01-

\l R, q fca ~ '<'1 R, I
G"!lT 31<IB!,ll:- <i f«l Iq ,m. qi~<i jq {\'.IT,
qf
q{li,lq{{cf[, 1,ffii,1q{{cf[, q1,i11-
'1i,I I.I 11 '1 I' fx-<'P-11 q fucdl cY I c;:, <lC!- ,
cfx{cf[, 4'(~{1'11cl{\'.IT, xl'11ci{\'.IT,
fl~~l\l l'<'':J,4 II.I lqq Ic;:, 3l<lcl l<;-
cJt"' 11 cl ,m, 9,<il Icl {\'.IT, cfi ~ q ,m
'lfr1i.irfr1tT ~ , 3Jqql<;l-
~I :o ' '
1!1-.l-\f<1F>i-n-qti-,l-x=-c1m\l-F:effi,,,q=cc1Trtil ~ -
~ ~ ~ ~
(f<tw];
~- m ai<1c11,)- ~ -
w\mm: \lcJtffi•r1-;1't, \lffi4cc-1.11-
61~1't, !,lf;,qfcafl'j~~I:, t1.ail1,-
~, <ITTg3fT-3lcR{cf[, ~ -
\l R, q fca:, ,R-1!,111 \I R, 4 f&-1:, w,m-
3l<R{cf[, 1,ffii,-~, cfT'l"'l"-
!,l f;, q fca:, f.11.1\ 0 1!.lffiqfca~i.i I
~' 4{~{1'1-3l<R{cf[, Wl-
fl I{ i,1 d I ~ Gfl"
3l<R{cf[, ~~' ~-
Ef'f- fucc11c<11<:, 3lclcl1C:, ~ ,
3l<R{cf[ "C;ci c f i ~ - ~ I
'1 i, Ill 11 \I R, 4 fca cfiT 3Tlmx,
The ten states (the ten
'11,11.111 !,lf;,qfca cfiT 311"1~1,
incarnations of Vi~i;iu)- That
'151<111 !.lffiqfca cfiT fl'j~~I,
of· Matsya (Fish), Kiirma
fl "11 i,\l R, q fca, ,R-1!,111 \I R, q Rn,
(tortoise), Vara.ha (pig), Nara-
simha (human-lion), Yamana
424
Set of Ten
w,i1,Qfaqfi'a cfm f.'l;q\01Qfa- ij''\'\'CJ'~'\·~· "!'CJ[ .._,:: 'a,j,$~'~'\'"l'

~ 1
{"!'CJ[ 15'\'CJ-'s'QJ'{"l'CJ[ ~·~'tl'tl~~·~·
3Tl!.l<fT
1H,1 <l I '1 'l I' [~'J lq filt1lcl1 I c; \~·a.i(~·CJ.._.~~·CJa.{"!'CJ r \~·~· ~·tl"''
, cfcf-
'
fl~~IQl~41<llqq1c;, 31qq1c; <ITT
Q;c'f ~ ~ . 31qc11c;1cl cB1"
a:i~·~·a.i(~·CJ"'·~ ~·CJa.·{"l·CJ~r r
-ii-mcl QFa q R1
3ITT ~
* fcpJ; QFa q R1
~ <ITT
c; ~ I f<l El) f<l <'4 :- 31'1 Icl fc1 C'<l :,
''l Icl fc1 c/J C'<l:, 3Tt<l l~l q fc1 c/JC'<l:,
Qc1tfa' fl 'oi, Qfa 4 fa <ITT 3l lC'l i:.H. 3l q cl I c; fc1 c/J C'<l :, ~ q-, <'cl fc1 c/, C'<l :,
~faqfafl~~I. fl"1115Qfaqfa, '1 I'11 <'cl fc1 c/J C'<l : ~al oI fc1 c/J C'<l :
~.~3ITT fc1 ~) q fc1 c/J C'<l :, , "ll"l/11 '11 'l 1'1.@I f.'l tj ~I__'.
f.'l;q\01Qfaqfa I fc1 c/JC'<l:, "ll"mci..J I'l I fl1 f.'ltj ~l-
The ten topics that charac- fc1 <:'<l ~ -<1 fa I
terize the Omniscient mind- ~ ii"il>R ,i, f<l<1><'4- m-
The mind generation, instruct- fc1<1><:'<l, ''llcJR1<1><:'<l, ~-
tion (Mahayana-instruction), the
R1 C'<l, 3l q q Ic; fc1 C'<l, ~ c/J <'cl-
four limbs of definite analysis
of the Mahayana path of prepa- fc1 "' <:'Y ' '11'1 I<'cl R1 "' <:'Y ' ~ef0[-
ration, the naturally abiding R1 "'<:'Y' R1 ii q R1"' <:'Y' , Q ~ -
Buddha-nature that is the basis ~ f.'l tj ~I fc1 <l>C'<l i:[ci -ii-mcl..J I'l I fl'r-
of achieving Mahayana path, f.'l tj ~ Ifc1 c/J <:'<l I
the objects of Mahayana path, Ten types of conceptualization-
the goals of Mahayana path, the Conceptualization of non-
achievement through armour- existence, conceptualization of
like practice, the achievement existence, conceptualization of
through engagement in the exaggeration, conceptualization
Bodhisattva practices, the of underestimation, conceptual-
achievement through the lization of sameness, concept-
accumulation of merits (the tualizetion of separateness,
accumulation of merits and conceptualization to specific
wisdom) and the definitely characteristic, conceptualization
arising achievement. to particularity, conceptualize-
tion of complete clinging to
~!Jl't/'\'{"l''l'Clif 31'\'CJ-'s'{"!'CJ[ ~'\'CJ-'s' meaning according to fact and
eo..-i: conceptualization of complete
:t;
~"!'CJ[ !l-'"-
-'\"J~'CJI>.' ~ "!'CJ[ 1'\'CI'
clinging to meaning as name
"'~tl~'CJ'l:{"!'CJ r "1%"1·CJ·~1·::i{"l'CJf according to fact.
425
Set of Ten
~111·1:1,:,·;9·1:1 . a.,·1:1·~ill'<l''lif 111~·q·5/'\' ~ c/r1 't, 31 c'i~ "1 '1, ~ . 'fl1'fll,

'l1o1d1~qRu1(1 ~ I
CJ) 111 t 9';i'"-~"i·5l\CJ! ci~111~·51 \CJf Gfl 'l<l>R ~ Fcl ~<I; cfuf-
fli::~·q·5)'\·qr al·ci~.;,·qr ~111·q·5)'\·qr 31 j'(iiY, 3l'Rffif, m~. '{l,'[§ld,
iii I<'I l'R.I I' I i fcl '{!.4; c; I ·P{ 31 '1i 4t1'j. dant, accustomed, free from
31Y-ll'ttc'1, ~ . 31j...-fr1'1, indolence, well-hold, being
~. 31c1~'1'1, 31<{).-i'j. habituated on time, being
31fclH<]'l,
_,, ' qc1~c/Jl'il"1Lia'f'l,' fclYlc/JI- realized the sign, free of
".-fLl'e{ ~ I discouragement, being equal
Gfl 'lcf>R ~ fcl ~<Ii GR- and dedicating for the great
31 '1ic/d, 31Y-ll'ttc, ~. enlightenment.
31j....--id, ~ . ~ . 3RA", ~111·i.;,·~·!·ci·ciil ~·'\i:;·2j'·"'·111.;,~·CJa·s,
31 fcl ':l,'<ll, q i'1~ c/J 1-1 I'1 qa, 1fc[
fclq1c/Jl"1Liaf I tci· ~ ill~''\qi,.·~.'4"-1'i "'.E(~a·mi::'"I' '\Cl,'
The ten pure givings- Uuobstru-
1"'·cia·~.,.ar~·1"' cia. fil"'·oj',._·~ r .,.
ctive, not holding superior,
unhoarded, non-arrogance, 111 ~ ~·CJ'"'. 9.;, ~. q·~ ·m i::. Cl~."'."' cii::·1"'·
unreliable, undiscouraged, not
evil, not turning back, not cia·~,_.ar~·1,;·cia· fil"'·oj',;·i r ~·111!ja.i·
expecting in return and not CJ'"-!. 111"i ~·CJ·~. '!iill' ~· g-9'!iill'"I' '\cii::·1,;·
expecting for result.
cia·~,._·ar~ ci~,;·cia· fil"'.ij"'·ir .,.ci~·
CJ'"' 9.;, ~·CJ'~· <>.~ci·!:l"'' ~ ·~a· '\ci ,3;,;·~I
~111~·qr al·111ill"'·cir ~111~·q,;·si.;,·CJr
~·~·CJ'"'.111.;,~·CJ·~. '\111"-· 'l!"i. ~.~a·'\ cii::.
~~·'!i·~ill~·q,,:cifa.,· <l I illi£°"i'ill'{9~·q·
2j',;.! I ~·~l!j' CJ'"-1'9-i ~·CJ'~,"-~"-1' 'i "l~'
'\<;''l!"i'<lj ~oJ'</'5/'\'<lf al·~·q·5/'\'<lf
'\Cl i::·oj',._.! 1 ~· ci~.;, ·CJ·"'·111.;,~· q·~·'ici,·
f 111~·qr si::·tci·i.;,·oj',._·~i::~·'!i·ci f ci~rr
1"'·~·~a·'\cii::·oj'.,.!1 ~·ci fil"i·"·"'·"l~.,.
c;~I Fcl'
'el Fcl ~· '{-
~~<1;<114 31j'(iiY'f,
~ . mw:r. '{l,'!61<'1'1, t
CJ·~. i::· t·rs'\·~·ci'\111·cr a;i::~·""''! r .,.
c/J I<.'I I'RI I'1·9~1!,1·
if "uj""'f ~ t. ~ ~ if
f u n , ~ ~ : ~ll/ff:::i:tl
:.ia·~z::·~i:i· ~ ~ l!,I' 'i:.i"'·~·9~l!,I'9~·~a· ~ cl C'1l c/, "CR :t 11 fl '1 ffl et; ~
~ et; <'i1l" if "uj""'f ~ ~cl t.
",l:IZ::'~9' i ~· q· "~l!,I '~· ~. i:i· "'~~':.i,;· ~ifft~~~:
9~z::l!,I'..rn "l/"Tl cti ~ cl , I"1 cti <'i1l" if "uj""'f ~
t. qtj1, ~ if fun, ~
C::tlfc'IEj fc'l4l<l>ulrSJ- ];[~ ~ - ~ : Wffi" ~clC'1lc/, et; ~cl,IG\
qffi ~ : ~ ~ - et; <'i1l" if "uj""'f ~ t. ~ ~ if
cl:tlc!Fci,1"1'<'lqo1 ~ . !1ld"illl ft~ ~ ~ : f.'11-1\01,Fc'i
~<11,1 ~: ~ et; ~ <l xI"1 et; <'i1l" if "uj""'f ~ t.
iHJ,'Ef\4<1:tlclfci,1"1'<'lqo1 ~ . fllfjl-j ~ if ft~ ~
~ ·i0c11fl ~ ~lllff:::i:t1- ~ : q;;:f.'11-1io1c1~1a wt et;
~<IC'1l cficl:tlclfci, 1"1 '1iiC1"1 ~ . ~ cl xI"1 et; <'i1l" if "uj""'f ~ t.
~cl ~cll<l ~ : ~ 3T'Gll ~ if ft~ ~
l/l-l~cl,l"1'<'lqu1 ~ . 451'ill-ll ~ : ~ ill<limg et;
·i0c11<1 ~ : ~
~qc{jcj)f,q ~tj-i;'<'lqo1 ~ .
'
wm-- ~ et; <'i1l" if "uj""'f ~ t.
"fcj1'f ~ if ft~ ~
lj'1'o ~<11'1 ~ : ~ ~ · 11lfl1§-!i '1Ul""I <'llcl,mg
f.'11-1\01,fc'l~tj-i;'<'lqo1 ~. et; ~ et; <'i1l" if "uj""'f ~ t
fllf11-ll 'i0<11'1 ~ : ~ Tim~~ if fum~
q,f.'11-1\01 cl ~1<'1~ tj-i; '/ijqo1 ~ . ~· ".J.~~1,i et; 1-1g:tc1x
31tx'.l-ll ~<11'1 ~ . ~ ,; <'ll IR et; <'i1l" if "uj""'f ~ t I
iffe;c/,C'1lc/,~~. Ten types of Ripening Birth-
"'fqlIT ·i0c11,1 ~ : ~ Bodhisattva abiding on the first
i1l fl Ig -!i 11'Ul 1-l cfl c / , ~ q fc'i 'iii q oI ground probably takes birth to
~ . C::tll-ll ~<llfl ~ . control over Jambiidvipa,
~ ~c11f!1-1g:tc1,1R'iiil1u1 Bodhisattva abiding on the
~I second ground probably takes
~ Y<IJR ,t fc'I 4 I -~- ];[l',fl-J birth to control over the four
~ifft~~~: continents, Bodhisattva abiding
~ "CR :tl Ifl'1 ffl cti fc:rC; on the third ground probably
tj wcl cfi xT"1T et; <'i1l" if "uj""'f ~
takes birth to control over the
Trityastriril.sa (Trayatrimsa)
t. !1ld"ill ~ if ft~ ~ Heaven, Bodhisattva abiding on
~ : 'ilT'1 jfrqf "CR :t 11 fl '1
the fourth ground probably
427
Set of Ten
takes birth as Indra, Bodhisattva <"l<l>i$1l-J~'il. '34fH,":. 1 1l-J'11~
abiding on the fifth ground m*n irfcr I

probably takes birth as the king ,i),,a.=,i et ~ <'fTi'I'- 1-1°-sc1,
of Yama, Bodhisattva abiding l!"51, ~- 3lf\'ll, ql{i'l'/.11'11~ q;[
on the sixth ground probably ffia,uf ~tjl'1"'! 0 1 ~ - ;:;,,:r,
takes birth as the king of Tu~ita ~ : «TIU 1;ci 31 "ci ~ I<"l <l> 5T'!,
Heaven, Bodhisattva abiding on '34ti!!I~ om 11J.J.-i1cl m*n 1
the seventh ground probably
Ten qualities according to
takes birth as the king of
Yoga-tantra- Mal).<;lala, mantra,
Nirmai;iarati (The Gods enjoy-
mudrii, self, preservation of
ing emanations), Bodhisattva
place etc., manner of inviting
abiding on the eighth ground
deities, recitation, practice,
probably takes birth as the king
internal and external sacrificial
of the Sahasra-Cii<;lika-Loka-
offerings, assembling and
dhiitu, Bodhisattva abiding on
supplication for leaving.
the ninth ground probably takes
birth as the king of the Dvi- ,ic;·s·~i5l'{"l·<l~! i-cia·~oJ{"l oJ~3i·oJ•l
siihasra-Madhyamalokadhiitu
and Bodhisattva abiding on the ~oJ'~llj oJ~'oJ','~c;·ci,:l:~oJ'fjllj oJ~'
tenth ground probably takes oJ.,.,,_~ .,-ciaAoJ{9 ll1"13i·~~·ci"i!3i''lll:
birth as the Mahesavara, the
king in the Pure Land ~oJ°fjllj i!JOl'Cl~3i'oJ'OJ3i'<ia_'~oJ°fjllj '\JOI'
(Shuddhaviisa).
r::i~3i-~AoJ{9 oJ(3i·q.,-~3i·qa·~oJ{9
~"l·"'sz..·i'i·t·~·/!-3i'~'i·Q~, 'iioi·«F"l
~oJ·q._·9 ai c;·r::ia·~oJ-~9·r::i~~-,,,
~
'Ii.Ill~! ;$111'*1 <l'ill] 11]3i~·oi·~9~·rr

GU '1~llfc'l<t><"11:- 'ic1fc1cl>c"Y:,
r::i~c;·r::i·"i:;·1 'll'&,oJ~-~3i·~c;~·rJa· t·111· c'f!f1Ulfc1cl>C'Y:, c'[~:.
c'[~:. ~ -
'ii:;'! r::i.;i~·r::i('i! r::i(oJ'rJ\ ~''il:;'3ic;·~·
fc1c1>cOY:, 4<~~1'11Fc-1cl>cOY:, ;w:rrf.r-
'l'i"l'~'i·~·~·j3i'~9''i1:;'J lr::i<,·r::ii·ci1 ~n
~'1 Fc-1"' C'Y • 111 f.'! Fc-1 cl>C'Y :. 3lfi'rf.'!-
R1 '<'. fc1 cl> cOY:, ~ 4 fc1 cl> cOY ~'<l fa I
"]719~·~·9.:i"oi·cia:"11
~ 11t'll' fct if> <"1 ~ fc-1 c/J C'Y,
lfl 11 a .=,i ~ GU eh'<! I f.'t l-j u;,:; c1 'j, c'f!f1Ulfc1c/JC'Y, c'f~.
l!"51:, ~- 3!WTI', ,~I'll~: ~- c'I~-
WafU!ll,, ~ q Il-J "'I uIfc1 fn: (~ tj Ii::_tj I'i fc1c1>cOY, 4<~~1'11fc1cl>cOY, 31111\ f.'! ~I
~:), u!1<:, ~- <lli,.ll"ci~I Fc-1"' C'Y. m nf.'!~ Fc-1"' C'Y. ~
Fc-1 c1> cOY om ~ 4 Fc-1 c/J cOY
428
Set of Ten
Ten conceptualizations to be f.'1 'lj oI, 3lP1$IT cnT f.'1 'l \ oI, m
abandoned- Root conceptual- cnT f.'1 'l j oI elm "ilc'I cnT f.'1 'l jo I I
lization, conceptualization of The tenfold manifestations of
characteristics, conceptualize- Bodhisattva- Manifestation of
tion of apparent characterristics, sentient beings, manifestation of
conceptualization of charac- field, manifestation of doctrine,
teristics that is supposed to manifestation of the formation
become, conceptualization of of body, manifestation of
characteristics that is supposed dream, manifestation of the
to appear, conceptualization of object of awareness, manifest-
what is pointed out by other, tation of the primordial wisdom,
improper conceptualization, manifestation of clairvoyance,
proper conceptualization, gras- manifestation of miracle and the
ping conceptualization and manifestation of feats of power.
fluctuating conceptualization.
~Ql"r.f~llf l".fQ~f .:i '"'"l' "OiJi" ~...-!.J"' t"l" !.If

'"'d,"i''"'fi"i"!.JI ~·1'\""1~'"'''\,;·'l:"i'!.JI ~<11·~·
~,;·~'"'"!./"-" t"l"!.JI .r<ll"~'"' !./._. t"l"!.JI aJQj" ~· "l"i <ll "!.JI <11·,._,;. ci ~"i.~-"l"i <ll "!.J f
~<ll. ~'"'· !./._. t"l· !.JI .l:i"Qja.J" ~ ....!.1"-. !Qj"!.If
~,;:('\,;. 'l:"i" !.J I ci~\ !.J"'\,;. 'l:"i" !.J f "i,;.
Y'\"~Qj"~a.J"!.J"-" !Qj"!.J I c,)·~ <ll" ~a.J"!.J"-" !Qj'
'1"'._.'\"1"!.JI t <11·'\,;·~,;·1l,;·9<11·"'"i.
"'I '"'t"i·!.J"-"~<11·!.J· ~'"'-!./"-" i"l"!.JI ~·
'\'j"l <11""-l'Cl (i3i'!.Jf ~<11'~"'\'ja.J<ll"!.J.'{11
'\~"J"~a.J"!.J"-" i"l"!.Jf f Q<ll"~a.J"!.J"-" i"l'
~ \"l4if>li(l•llf.'I- 3lj~c11fG::'.'
!.Ji{!I 31.-f.., i/5~c1 c1 lffUl1--f,' f:l cll cl 6 I'I x-1 i-q "i t1 I,
'1l'cllx 01~1{lxc11x-1:, ~-
~ ~ Ifcl 1'.11 f.'I f.'! 'I f a II f.'1- ,-f<'i:I f.'1>-1 j a1't.
~:' i/5{>011 'l ll t11, &11 f.'i:-<.11
a1~f.'1'l\01'l, lcl4f.'1'll"l'l, cf;Tll-
'11 'l 'i:I I•I<'i:l 'l , 'l_}il ~ I"'-1 x-1 i-q "i <'i:l 'l ,
f.'1'1\Dll-J, '«JC,jf11j\Oil-J.' ~ -
' ' <141 ~l:ll q i/5°1'<! 12l llM ~ft c1 «I~,
'l , $11 '1 f.'1 'l IOI'I , 3!P1$1T-
"'f.'1='11,.,.10=1 '
' ' "<.1"2-llx-l'lll 13q~~1: itfi, I
""f.'1-''l\'""ol~'l, ';ft:[% f.'1 'l juI'I , lill •I- 3lj~c1 ~ .
~I
3lj~c1 "c1"&1"UI, Glcllci61>! ~
ffi g ~ ~ f.'1>1fu1- ~ cnT
x-1 i-q "it1 I, ~ "ffiR cfi m
f.'111\01. et:r cnr f.'1'1\01, w1 cnr
c[ff[, ~ ~ .'[ c[ff[,
f.'1 'l joI, cf;Tll cnT f.'1 'l joI, "«1"-1 cnT
q, s, u 11 '1 ~ «l, &11 f.a 'l ll «I , 3R'R
f.'1'1\01, •fhN cnT f.'1'1\01, "$IR cnT
~l"'-11 ~ x-Jl-q"i 6T'11, wl ~
429
Set of Ten
~ I r1 !TI "ft q ~1 q et, Iii TI:!TT <I'll I f1 '111 of meditative concentration,

"CR -3q~~I !.1<';1'1 ct,i/'11 I perfection of wisdom,
Ten branches of benefiting perfection of method, perfection
others- Appropriate view, of power, perfection of prayer
appropriate characteristics, and perfection of primordial
possessing the three names, wisdom.
abiding with ordinary body,
dwelling on natural stage, being 59·-qj·~"l'~"-'Q~tQ·i~·QltQ'i::i~·s~·"t
con1passsionate, being tolerant, ~I ~"II ~i::ii:;·1 i:i"l~I ~':JIil i:i~~I
being possessed of disciples
internally, ·benefiting others ~SI ~9"11 [""2!9 i<l"i"i·q~ll
with materials and g1v1ng
i';ltli,ffi'JO,$~: <1>,ofl41f.l "!,TI-
instructions in time.
fcl El 'I' c<l>"flfll .'
- ~ 11 'fl et,cc<i. ~,
,
'3c';l'!ct,c4'l,
c., iil<'1ct,c4'1,
c., ~ c. .,
~'l'""'F@""' ,=,i~'\.
I t1=c/i= '3frll[sccicJ)_c4~.
- C'\
i::J'l~'CIC\' oi,;·;f'i f
C\ V' C'\
i::J~"i'C\~"l":l)' 0
·~ c; cJ)_ I'll '\, 'iq, cJ)_ I'll '\, '3 .-1-J Ic; cJ)_ <'11 ~.
i::i"loJ'llPi"i·~·oi•,~"i l ~(Q·,;i::i·~· q~lwl-JlcJ)_fl.i ~ I
~ 6'Rl"-'l".S<'1l° ~ ~ ufR
oi,;· s"i 1 ~i::i"l·"I olf "!'tla·oi,;·s"i 1 ( i:i"I· ql<;{ ~ 11<1>1x et; ~~- ~
~· 01 ,;·s"i, ~"i'"lol·~·oi,;·s"i 1 ii)·~"! ~· <1[f4, "i3<iR '¥4' ~ '1 ~ ~.
~c . 'llf@nct,l'll, '3frl1fec:a-
oi,;·s"i·i::i;s"I ·i:i~~11 C •
c1[f4, ~ c; cl)_ I'll , 'f<!> cl)_ clJ , '3 .-1-J Ic; -

c1[f4 TI:!TT q, Iw1-J Icl)_ clJ
~
~ q1,flla1:- c;1'1ql'!ft1t11, m-
q1xft1<11, 1}11f.i-iq1,ft1t11, ql,:\q" Ten types of activity performed
fi'rHT. UI I'1 q I'! ft1 t1 I, !.1 $1 Iq I'! r1 <11, through the ten hand-
ma1;uJalas- Activity of peace,
-3q14ql'!ft1<11, <1<'1ql'!ft1t11, Jffer-
activity of increase, activity of
'cll.-Jql'!ft1t11, $11'1ql'!r1t11 ~ I
power, activity of killing,
~ q1,fll<1T!: c;Hql'!ft1t11, m- activity of drawing, activity of
ql'!ft1t11, e-11f.aql'!ft1<11, 4)1fq1,- driving away, activity of
fi'rHT. U11'1q1,ft1t11, !.1$11ql'<r1t11, separation, activity of making
-3q14ql'!ft1t11, iil<'1ql'<r1cil, Jffer- duped, activity of delirium and
'cll'1r1t11 TI:!TT $11'1ql'<r1t11 I activity of overcoming.
The ten perfections- Perfection
of g1v1ng, perfection of 59't'i~·Zi!l:i'"l"<l~J ~·ii·i:i, \iij~'
morality, perfection of patience, i::i1 ~a·oJ(~·"t·3l\~·i1 9~c;·~·o1(\
perfection of effort, perfection
430
Set of Ten
"-1\&1''\Si;"I· ·~ I ~9"1' '&1 '\' . '\' . '\ci,;·1 '§1,;·ci ''\ci,;·1 ''\ci,;·1 ®,"l'
i I l 9~,;·~9"1·&l'\·"l·a.l·~'\'r.ia.·&1('\ I ~ ~
&1i6'-i';l!''\cii;·1 9~9"1'!l!''\cii;·1 ;i9' ®"-'

~
~ C'\ ,:,,, C'\

"'&1· '-&1'~9· r.i I "'"''F.&1"-.9'\&1"1 ',;9 '\cii;· 1 ci,;i;· ci;1,;·~·'\cii;· <i<i"I' of1 I
{ 9·r.i· ~ '\. r.i/3: ~'\''\<;·1 ~a..,,_s)"l' r.i;{11
~ <lli.Ul:l,~ltll~~if>I:- ~
1Ji51'J.~flll ~ efllf:- 'li51C:li51, ~ :' f t m ~ :'
'
<1':J,«'u,1. c/>14c/>l~l{i,qo1 ~ - ~ :, ~ :
'3'-i._b"'ll""l'1'-1'' '11"41-
"qi;[:, ql<N>l~l'l,i,qu1 'l5('!j,~:. fi'rqq;-:, ~ : . ~ : .
film c/,l ~l'l,i,q 01 3l j(Y Ic; q(jj :, ~:.~.~-
c/> 14 q IFcmm 'l' 3l 'l1 ffl c/><1C
c/,l ~I:, ~I
l'f'o: '1~1q=1=1=m=1-J:, ~(1c/> I,,Hl.ll 4 <:~I:, ~ ,ma 3lT:J,Wffi-3l~~qi-
3111 fol C'l <1---cl 'f, a'\'t R'<1 ~ 'ii frl I qj'q ~ . ~ .
'l 61 'J.(;T .t ~ Eflf- ~'l=i5~1c;,,,_16~1. ~ . ~ . 'll"41fii-
C'l ';J,C:161, <!JT4-<lmT cfi "'l,ijq ii -q-i!,,
~. ~.
31 ~a q "1. ~-c!>'rn c/'i "'l,ijq ii ~ . ~ cfl!IT ~ -
*!J:~. furn-c!>'rn cfi ii "'l,ijq ~I
31j(Yl<';-"qi;[, <!JT,Q-~-furn The ten beneficial outer empow-
<ITT 31 'l 1 R1 cita <l>'rn. 'ml1 erments- The empowerment of
'11tj11A>'l, ~,9,c/>IC'l ii ~ is!R the five essences, empower-
cfR'IT '3 q ~ ~ I, 3111 fol C'l cf'?I cfl!IT ment of the headdress, vase
'3 ft c6t t\"c/>T I empowerment, crown empower-
The ten dharmas of Mahii- ment, garland empowerment,
mudrii- Major couplet, minor armour empowerment, empow-
couplet, immortal vajra which is erment of the victory banner,
the treasure of body, ManjusrI- empowerment of the umbrella,
vajra which is the treasure of empowerment of the mudra and
speech, Anutpiidavajra which is empowerment of food and
the treasure of mind, the drinks.
treasure of not considering the
aa.·~·~1·ci~1 ( '(lici·'\zr"i·~·&1a,"i·~\
body, speech and mind, the
sixth order of path, instruction ci..i'\·r.i:S.·111ci"l·~·~a.·~·~'\''l~J) '\~"l'
at the time of death, stainless
tantra and its commentary. "'f"."-~''l'"l'&If'"I'r.i 1 i"'Cl'of9"I'~·~<;.
s·~·r.izt·'\i:ri;·i:r~r ~i;·l:r~''\'l<;'J '\~' ~."'~"i."l '&If'"I' r.i I ~ '"l' ®,"I'll,~ 'l"I' r.ia..
®"i'~''\'l<;'l ~&1·r.ia.·'\cii;·1 r'\·r.i"i·~· ;i9. ®,'"l'i!.lf'"I' r.i 1 "'~9· 'I!,; J!,l 'AJ'i!.11" "I' <J 1
431
Set of Ten
reciting mantras, skillful in

• performing the ritual rites of
i!.lf~''ll "l~'"l'j=;i:i'i!.lf ~''11 i!.1.t"i'<Jll.' offerings, skillful in performing
~ 11\'~ll\~·"l·i!.lf~·<1 I go\· ~ll\'"l'i!.lf ~·<11 practical ritual arts, skillful in
performing fire-offering and
~=:i:ii·i:i~n bidding farewell to the deities
and inviting them into the heart
~ ilfc1q), ~'ll't lR-
f~i:il sc:.·~i:i1 sc:.·.ii"-1 ~c:.·1 ~lll·
fi 'l lltl il>l ~[ <"'l'\. ~ q jG U[ [R:!G I,
~
311 fi '1 cf>l ~ l<"'l '\. 4 c; ct>l ~[ <"'l'\. 'lil"'"ll

'l ;.-,i ell IL"-11 il>l ~ I<"'l 'l,, cf> ,j <TI ' 1-
~ ~ : - 11'=IT, zjmurr, 4~il'll,
il>l ~ I<"'l 'l, lhij IFc1UJ IR Fch--ci 'l,
' "
-cr.if\-rl'l"'fc1""""<'cl~'l. '3 q fi i'l l<~ -cl fi'I I ' \lrn,1. ~ . ~ .
' \lrn,Y~il'll. \lrn<'l,cil, ~ .
G"fl" ,ma ITT'f (<flil'Tilllf ~ ,ma
<'flffOT)- 1-JU,s('j cfi'r ~ ffl 3TU~-clfi'I I
it. ~1.J1•11R fl'lt~ it. m-"¥]
G"fl" ~~111r- ~. "efa'ror. 4~il'l.
~ ~ ffl 11, ~ rfiT fctfcltr
\l rn ,. "efa'ror~~. "efa'ror~ q~ii 'l.
\lrn,-Y~il'l. 0rn,-~. ~
"¥]31T it. :wrr
cfi'r ' ~ ffl
om 3ltLf
it. .,;.-,i'f q'iT urq ffl 11, "cf>"ll- 1
The ten directions- East, south,

~ <TI' I 11. ipr-i-fclfu ~ 11
west, north, south-east, south-
ctt~1&1. "ITT'!-fclfu it. om 0qfi51,
west, north-west, north-east,
(~qct[31T cfi'r 3Tl'l~ct ffl it) upward and downward.
'tt~IC'1ctl I
The ten external qualities (ten &111~·fc:.·i:i~1 .ii"·~ i:i ~ so\1 i "-'lflf!3ilt
external qualities of a Vajra-
~i:i·1·~·~1
~ .
sc:.·~·111.l\"i'go\1 sc:.·.ii~·~·
master)- Skillful in the art of
drawing celestial abode and "i<IC:.':l("il '9"-'{"-·~·~1 f·~i:i·1·~3i·li1
meditating upon them, skillful e:i ..... ...,.. ~
in doing the preliminary ~i:i·sc:.·~~c:.·~, ~c:.·~·~·a.i1 a.ll\·1·oi~

practice, such as meditative
concentration etc., skillful in ~·~11
performing hand-postures, ~ ~if<llcll:- ~ ~:. ~
skillful in maintaining various .
"ll+f: q~ii>'t cf<iUT: \lrn~ "ll~: . .
sitting positions, skillful in \lrn,cr4 ~~11.-i:. ~ 3!P1.
setting the body, skillful in
432
Set of Ten
x[IR"fl:, q ~il"llcti ~ «~l'tj, f<::!!! f.'lc11flFt: ~~:-

"C!q,'f:, l3iuf ~ , 3l!ol: 'lJPl
~ ci'I 14 'i <''H-i"fcl:, zje',u't 14 I~ nc/>l-
(<Fi ~ cTI) "'4fi'r I rn'--1~:, 4~il~ 14'1MIRllSl-ll"(,
~ ~lffiif- '!cl#~. ~ '3ct1~ 14fti~-i;:, '3ct1'i'{~
1l ~. 4~il'1 1l cR>UT, '3ct1'i # 14fP-illtP1"1lct1'1~:, ~
<!e=f, '3ct1'i-'!cl # tmal, 14 4"iil ct1 'i~:, q ~il '11 ct1 ~
'!cl-~ 1l 3lfr.cr, ~-4~il'1 fc14lct1'1:, ~ 14f[4-
1l xl!R"fl, 4~il'i-'3ct1'i 1l 'fer',, l-JU-s<'IJ'lilf11ct1'1~:, l3iuf ~-
~ # ~ c'fl!TI J1t[: # 'IJPl~c\1 -,.i;~:, 31t1: 14 q "ii~: ilfi't I
(cl'i ~ cfl) I ~ ~~11arr ~ m ~ ~'4'-
The ten direction-protectors- '!cl <l ~ ~ . ~ # ~
Indra in the east, Yama in the ai~nc1>1ct1'1~. 4~il'i # ~
south, Varm:ia (Water-god) in 'iMIRllSl-lli, '3ct1x 1l ~ fti~-i:.
the west, Yak~a in the north, '3ct1'i-'!cl 1l ~ 'i-1'1 I~-
lsiin in the north-east, Agnideva ' I"11ct1'1~. ~-'!cl # ~
(Fire-god) in the east-south, 4"illct1'1~, q~'t'l"llcti'i # ~
Riik~asa (Demon) in the south- Fc1ti1ct1'1, ~-4~il'i 1l ~
west, Pavana (Wind-god) in the
f[4'1°-s<:'ll"ilf1lct1'1~, ~ # ~
west-north, the Sun upward and
-,.i;~ ~ 31t1: # ~ "Rl~ I
BhiimidevI (Earth-goddess) in
the nether world. The ten Buddhas residing in the
ten directions- Buddha Ratna-
!11Jlll''lt~·lllt;lll'l1111 ,i"-·5 Qjlll·~·lilt;,-.r $lll' sambhava residing in the east,
Buddha AsokottamasrI residing
~a;·ia;·"'§"ill]i\lll\ f 5Q]lll ~ lllt;lll'$lll' in the south, Buddha Ratna-
~·i::a;·al '\'<i•l'\r.i~ l ~Q'511Jlll'~'lllt;lll' arci~miin residing in the west,
$111·~a;· ia;·~'\'"'~! S"'5Q]~r~·lllc:lll· Buddha Jinendra residing in the
north, Buddha SamiidhihastisrI
$lll' $~' .i1:l.·'\<Jc;·cr1 sc:·,i"-·~·lllc;lll· $lll' (SamiidhigojottamasusrI) resi-
~ ,;·2_ '/'.\~"\'~'il]t;'Q''\i!,j'<JQ.''\'-1~ l -1'1"-'~' ding in the north-east, Buddha
PadmottamasrI residing in the
lllt;lll' $lll'<l.:i''\i!,j'r.i1:l.·'\r.i~ l ~'l·sc:·~, east-south, Buddha Vi~ottama
lllt;lll' $lll'Qj~Q]''\i!,j'<i\ f ~<l'~'lllt;lll' $111' residing in the west-north,
Buddha Siiryam~daliibhiisa-
~ ·i!,ja: ~~· r:i.rf"-'1"''l''\i!,j' r.ia: '\r.i~ l susrI residing in the south-west,
1~ i::·5Ill lll·~·lilt;111·$lll''\llJ"'''la·'\r.i~ 1 Buddha N andasrI residing
upward and Buddha PadmasrI
~ ll]'9 'l!l<;lll'$lll'<i,:i1l''\<I~ ·afIl residing downward.
433
Set of Ten
G1fl 31:l,"1111:- fkc/,l /l 1f&:'.:, 3Rl-

tl 151f&:'.:, Pi'U111f&:'.:, 1f&:'.4'<1'1~1.
~~"'~aq-<1•w\:, 'WT:, !.lfa>1:, '!R,
a.<;'\'"J'~'Q~"i' 31 fi-1 €.11, fi-1 R1 Fcl, ct,i ~ I
G'tl' 3l"!-:tfll'- fjc;c/,lll1f&:'., 3Rl-
i:ria;,~·q3_·1l]~f
!1151f&:'., Pi'U1!1f&:'., 1f&:'.q,111~1.
ol.,~·qa·i:ri~r ai·g,:,·,:i3-·i:ri~~rr ~~"'~aq-<111~1. 'WT. !.lfa>l (wm).
'1-l"A, 31 fi-1 €.11 ~ fi-1 R1 Fcl, ct1 I I
G1fl 'tl 4 I fi!:t 11'.I I\! I:- c1'!ffUTl'c!R:, The ten delusions (that which
~ : ' ~ :' 1WTITTR: ' are subtle and multiplying)-
~J-s;'ll,ll;ff'{:, ~:. View of the transitory collec-
~ : . ~ : . 3111<';'<1- tion, extreme view, wrong view,
E[R:, ~ I holding wrong view as superior,
G'tl' ~ 3111'.I I\!- Ba,uf cfiT holding bad ethics and disci-
3llel"R, 11 Itj 11 cfiT 3llel"R, 'llJU,s plines to be superior, attach-
cfiT 3llel"R, 1WT cJ;T 3llel"R, ~j> 11'< ment, anger, I-pride (ego),
cfiT 3llel"R, ~ cfiT 3llel"R, ignorance and doubt.
314$1\! cJ;T 3llel"R, , ~ cfiT S"-'ttJ'iloJ~''\ci~·,:itl °-E\"l''\CJ~ I ~~·
3llel"R, 3111 c; , cJ;T 3llel"R c[QTI"
~ cJ;T 3llel"R I "~·l!Jlll!J~f SoJ~'CJf ;l"i'l<1a~·?i'1
The ten appropriate objects- ~a·~,:,·lir -i«l'olfO.'ol('\f i<l''J'aa.J~'
Basis of sign, basis of begging,
basis of enjoying vase, basis of '"'\'~ol'CJ"-'~~'tlf z:_a;,·~,:,-~ol'CJ"-'i~'<If
eajoyment, basis of winning
behaviour, basis of engaging in ~i:ri·a;,'{1-r ~"'QaZ:,'f[[
attachment, harmful basis, basis G1fl ~ : - ~'!fr:, 31/lC'11Fcl,-
of abiding, basis of not paying
ci~cJ',i: fu: =
1 , : tMi'rrt:
'\I• I ' \ I '"l
')ot 1
respect and basis of training. 1
~,1~•1="1.,.;'1'="1 :, f1 4..\) cJ 'I uIfi-1 tin Aft,

!f!~'Cl!f O.~llj'l'llj~·~·7/'<lf ola"-·~a;,· 314111"15:, cl"141ful:, ~ I
G'tl' <1)Rl'tl-t<1- ~'!fr. 3lcl<'l'lfil,-
CJ"-''.1:''<lf "l'l]'CJ"-''.1:''<lf '.1:''<l'ol'll]'~' ci~cl( ffl, ~ . ~ .
o.~;a;,·q1 i~'~ol~''\"-'<lj~'~ll]~'ol'I!]' 'I' I "1' I "1, fl 4"11 cJ'/ 01 fi-1 tit>l'lft,
314111"15, cl"141ful ~ ~ I
~·a.~a;,·qr o.<;'\·,1;"1~1 F"'·~r ,:,·~~r Ten Bodhisattvas- Mafijusri,
ol'~llj'CJ[ <l'.$ol'5Jff Avalokitesvara, Maitreya,
Samantabhadra; Ksitigarbha,
434
Set of Ten
GaganaganJa,
' ,.
Sarvai:iivarana- 'l 1 o.i i!,j'"-l' ')'lZ::' l:j 1 ~-q·"-l' "i'lZ:: 'l:j 1 ~-
vi~kambhI, Vajrap~i and
Sudhana.
o.~o.i·o.i ·')'I": 'l I .:ri!,j.,..o.i·1'lt:·q1 tf"i.
o.i i!,j' "-l '1'l Z::' 'l 1 ill ·~ i!,j'"-l '1'lZ::' 'l 1 t i!,j'o.j'
.......
';j 'li!,j 1
e._ e,,, .;'
' '-1Q:'l i!,j i!.I.'-10...; 'l i!,j 1
~ 11"
.,,,,..
!i"·q " . e,,, 1'lZ::·qi{ll
'
{'li!,jl ~i!,j·,;q·~·fqi!,jl tj.3i'"-li!.1'~ {'li!,jl
<1)~'{-1-f<ll'ii ~ q~Jdl:-
!I- ~-
311':).cl~lcil, R1CT1c1~1c11. 4ROcli1,-
'ii "1''-la: { l:j i!,j 1 'j''-10.' ';j l:ji!,j 1 ~i!.l''-1"' c1~1c11. cni:ic1~1c11. \JJ1R'lc1~1c11.
a.~o.i·'-la: { C/i!,jl si::·tq·~·fqi!,j1 ti!,j·~· -:tt:f.ll cl ~Id I, ~ :!fc1a cl ~I c1 I,
~ - l/ll'icl~lcil. ~ -
cl~I c1 I irfcr I
on~th-q ~ G'{-1" q~1a11:"
<1) ~ fl-f<l Fl i ~ 1x}- ~ ctr c1~1c11.
"l\.'l'l.
fflrn clfr cl~lcil, '34cn>/DI clfr
~lill<lcl'i ~ - lll'i<lcl'i,
cl~lcil, q,i:\ ctr cl~lcil, vf"l ctr
i1<1lo1c1~: Fc1cg401o1c1~. ~ c1~1a1. m ctr c1~1a1. ~
TI2!T U i:i-:'I ii> ~ cl ct 'i lfulefR ctr
cl ~ Ia I.
"l/l"R c!fr cl~ Ic1 I TI111T ~ c!fr
<fcl, 3ltll I~I I.I <fcl, <1c"I 'fcl, >lW
cl~lcil I
<fcl, >lfulefR 'fcl, <IA 'fcl, 'q<[[
The ten capabilities (authorities)
<fcl, fcr<t °4 I 'fcl, ~ 'fc'1 TI111T of a Bodhisattva- Control over
t.1 tj ii ii> ~ cl ct 'i ofc'1 I , life-span, control over the mind,
The ten powers of Bodhisattva- control over materials, control
Power of intention, power . of over action, control over birth,
resolute intention, power of control over miracles, control
trainin,;s, power of wisdom, over wish, control over prayer,
power of prayer, power of control over wisdom and
vehicle, power of conduct, control over Dharrna.
power of emancipation, power
of en!,;ghtenment and power of S"'i!,j'<qi!,j·~z::·q·~ 'F'"i' ~ ')''l~1 i!.l~"i·i!,j'
turning the Wheel of Dharma.
3l1'CJ! i!.l~"i-~'\'3)1·.-., '11"1'~1'.!J'!i!,j'
si::·iq·.i i!,ji!,j'"ir."·~i!,ji!,j·!·1q"·q~1 ~·o.i ·
,., ~-o.ii!,j'i!,j'~i!,j·r.1 "1°i\i!.l'"ii!,j'~ ·q 1
f l!-l·CJ·.:i 1·CJ1 a1i::\ ,;·~-,,_~·s1·,io.i·i:i 1
435
Set of Ten
"Jcl"i·r.i1 ~·&1·"Ji:_·~<>1·r.i·~·s1 "i 111 • '"ii:_· GTI "l'lll:- ~'.!Rt11.

~. 31R\si11°1,
"'(111·?:f &i "J ·r.i· llJ ~ 111 ·~·&i "J ·r.i·3.1 ~ 3.1·r.i· ~ "'·:o;"n
'tlsvl4'1. ~. 'i,_~-s;•,~,.
<1) ~ i!'fi''<l"l'I I ';l,f'R'l ft!I d I <:"TI ™· ~ . ~4~~1 --tiffr1
cfl!.@T:- 3l fl'l fl'l rn '1, ~ . <1) ~ fl-fcl ~ Gfl' "lfllll i-
311 <"l Ij<"1 I c;:, "ITTJT: 31 j<"1 I c;:, ~ '.!fll d I, fcl "I <'11, ~.
311fll~ll'f1:, fl'l<l<q5!tj:, gl.j~gl.jfll 31Rlsictl 'tls"'4'1. · ~.
fi$11~1%dl, fcl~cli:, "lllllfl'l"lfu1c1d,
'
~,'1'11, ™· ~ ~
~: m: 31 El ll fl "Id I --tiffr I t!B~~I I
<1) ~ i!'k'<l''IPI ~ '3 l'R'l lt!I d Gil'f The ten Bodhisattva-grounds-
,,
~- 31 fl'l fl'l rn. 3lc'f&TUT, Very joyous ground, Stainless
311<"llj<"11C:, ~ '1" 3lj<"11C:, ground, Luminous ground,
311 fll ili I<'I '1" "ffl'f1', fl'l <la cj i1, Radiant ground, Ground diffi-
cult to overcome, Approaching
tl.1->IB"l.l c#t "fi""$1T '1" ~. ground, Ground gone afar,
fcfcril>. ""ITl.lT ~ fl'l1-1iu1 W<l Tim
Immovable ground, Ground of
~. m ~ 3l"i,ll c#t fi"ldl I
Dharma intelligence and
Ten natures mentioned 1n Ground of Dharma cloud.
Bodhisattvabhumi (Bodhi-
sattva ground)- Signless, "JS<ll!l'll]!J")l!l'<I~! ~i:_·l'.i'1
characteristicless, non-produc-
tion of oneself, non production 1:1~ I ~&1·l'.i'1 &1°€'1:11 "i&10.·1:11 !l'~I
;-.
from cause, peaceful from the s·ai ·1:11 s·ai ·q·3.1·cJl°'·r.iit11
beginning, lacking the compo-
sitional factor of acceptance and C:'il~EI: 311ifilil: '(i,qlfill Tf-
abandonment, isolation like ~ :
Ct.lLI, q~<{'j: , ~ :
'-1":,b:1'-'1, ai-i--1:
'"''
illusion and emanation and 7'1(J~~d: ('1"1d:), *1': (3l'cf'f(-l:),
equality in the thing, non-thing <ia+!:, ~ : . "lITTi":, 31~11t!~-i1fc1 I
' .
~d non-duality. Gfl' 'lr'ifiR ~ 311ifili( ~ '(ij'q-
sc.·11:1·il&1111·"ir.ia·111 ·1:1~1 :,;,1:1·~ '"illJo.·1:11 ~· ~. q~rn. ~ . '[rn'. ~ .
.-1"rm. <ia+!, ~ . "lITTf cll'.ll
&1'&1"J·r.i1 i\\s_\r.il it"i·o.~1:11 sc:.· 3l"fflff I ,
"i"JO.'<IJ &1(°i')'<J,~:,;,·1:11 ~c:.·)·~c:.·1:11 Ten types of shapes and forms-
Long, short, square, round,
aJ'lljUJ'<I! Allljlll'r./Q'{sf1111 l'111·~·g"i· high, low, subtle, coarse, even
and uneven.
<lill!l'~ll
436
Set of Ten
:<,'Q'Q~l . "\"'l''\C:'\ ~"l''\':j'lf'!i' ~- Five endowments of others-

Cl\ '\<IC:"'fa;°C:"''I\ "l~"oJ~Q."oJ"af9·'l1 Buddha's having appeared in
this world, his having taught the
i ~-"' ·'\'\"'l· ~ ·:..c:·a.s:. · ~· &i "\·CJ" '\c:·1 teachings, the endurance of his
~c:~-~~·s""\"'l\ ~~-i~·9'!;!C:~"<l\ teachings, there being people
following his teachings and
<1~a;,·q·9a;,~·q1 ~1:l.J ~·'!i·~9~·q1 having compassionate attitude
111-;"\·~-~""'i'·r~ ·~c:·<1g-<1· ~ ·111-;"\·"s". towards others.
~II i"i·1~c:·cil:l.·'\~~·2rci~1 ~"\·i."\ I clf·s'\1

ffi fiAJc;:- 'ij"'-1i;i:i't, ~ ~~1 <1·111c:·1 ry\ 111c:·i"\1 s·&f1 ~-111~1
~ , ,i ~ ll ~ c/5 <"11 't, 31 Fci q .fl a c/5 4,
~ m ~ (rl
rffr q~\q1'\·tc:·oJ1 "c:·~·.,a.'11
r<[- ?-I R/ it: efr'r v/1 <I 'd}; c; 1'1 lllf c;:t~ 4';!,ifffi: ell I fill- ~
'.l,41'1 Ijct1 Ic; : c'flcfi, c1 '11 q fc; tic:) («I uj 'i , ,i1i'1 'i ,i '°'-II fc; ), '3 q c/, , uI'i
w\:, 31~: s3qfc;0cw\:, cfffl ("4T?IT),·· 3'116R":: ~ ' 3lVq' ~ :
~ 31jfix"l't, 4xljc/5RJI "*t «I c/5 .-111, ~:, 1WIT, «I Ii ifi "*t I
(rl ~ W-?-IR/C:: efr'r v/Jl/'d) I GR <ff ~ ~ ~<Rf °l:""&1-
Gfl" ~ q, I '< <ff fi. 4 G_ rifer ""1 (~. "'1t\ 31ffe;), '3 q c/5, oI
r<l-?/'rrc{- 'i j"'-1 i;i:1, ~ .'i (~ 3:rffe;), 3'116R", ~- 3lV<T,
~. 'j;'t 'i ~ 4\ ~ fi RJ "'i "ITT'TI, 51:!fr. ~-c/5.-111, ~- q<'fi ~
31 Fci q z\\1 (1)1'[ ol!TT w\ et; m 3l1f'ff 1fm" I
~I The ten articles, which are to be
rifer w-?l'rrc[- <'lTc/5 .'i ~ "c/,T made ready for g1v1ng-
'3 ct1 "'i "ITT'TI, '3 '1 cB &RT IQ 'il q ~ :t I Precious object (such as gold,
~ "GfT'iT, '3 q fc; 'c w\ "c/,T silver etc.), articles (such as
31~ ~ - "i3x, w\ "c/,T utensils etc.), food, ox, horse,
,u
31 jfi I c/5, '11 Til!TT ~ er; >lfa" elephant, one's own daughter,
fi~C:'1<'111 land, wife and one's own flesh.
The ten endowments: Five self-
!'"''<l'"l"\'"1111"<1~\ '1!.9~-~<l"'l"'J\ "C:"
endowments- Being a human
being, being born in a Buddhist '1!.9~"<1~<1"<J""5'<1•l'ij \ 9clf9·~i:i·<J1'\·
country, having complete sense
faculties, being free from i111~·oJl9 ~c:·(~·"l·~9~·q/:l.·~~1
extreme action and having faith
in dharma.
437
Set of Ten
'!i"i'~II]~! others as the ·- arcticles, ·

application as the effort, living
~-:i· .,!''\"-'t{'AJ'oi'll]~·qq·~~ l ~·&i''\Z:.' in central land or otherwise as
IIJfl'IJ~·lAJ'.s11J~·qq·u.i<1·AJ,1rf11J~·qa· the place of living, location in
the mountains etc., as the
~l '<~ ll]~''l'&l'\'~Z:,' 'l'l'\' i ·qq·o)oJ~'i'i'\' support, spring season and
morning etc., as the periods of
tli'i~'.sll
practice, possessing qualified
GU Yll'l•ll..s;1Tlf.r- dlf.=:lc/,,iltlcli:, images and paintings of deities
3IT<'IT m ,i .=,i R1 <il < c1:. · {) c1 cfj:
and fearlessness and forbea-
' rances as the spirit of carrying
m ~ ,;iti'l~-:i>i.
' ' out practices.
l!"l:~IC'llfcl i:clllfol. \141•1414'1,
lJUl<~11fcl: 13c;._~~1:, qJa~li'.!l"<lfcl: {"-'"l&r~\i·~&l''l'tl~J o)oJ~'i'i'\'~oJl!I'~'
~:. cl,i'fl--:ftj\11<1:c!,IC'll-
QJ'o)oJ~'oJ~oJ''ll ;jol~·qq·o)oJ~''\C:.'~'
fclf1'14:, Rl-:i\lR1'11fcl'<'lqo1 l'I
'{-1'"1"'1: ~:. ~ '1i$11H'11~ <I\ '4'\'"lq'o)oJ~''\C:.'',::'\''ll rfc:.·~::i·il\
l'I RI rn iii c'i '<Wr I
~ Ym-T-3T1T- dlf.=:lcf, 'f!1tlcp, qq·ii) oJ~ l ~oJ' q,;'a.~· q·&) :\'qq·ii) 3Jl!I \
m cliT lir5I ~ ~ m cliT

oi'\· q·~oJ~· AJ' "''"la· o) oJ~ 1 'I· a1\oJ ~ai·~·
~cld I N'IT, ,~clc/, cliT "fITTFIT ~
~ ,;i ti'l ~ -:i N'IT. l!"l:ftrc;r m ~oJ~'QJ' ~'\''\"-' ~z;·w.1:o)oJ~ l l!j~~·~·
<fell'. 1141 11-cfr:!. ~ m ~ oJ~'QJ'ii '\C'.. '!:j' &i<:l: o) oJ~ l
0
13c;._~~I. ffl ~ ~li'.!I, m tl'\ 'oJ'~oJl!l'"I'
~ f., cl I'<i N'IT, cl '{i 'f1 oft<j. «JI(,,:~ ~· '\C'..' sfII] l!l'lo) oll!I \ o) 3Jl!I'"°I'
i;:rm-:cliTC'i m "fITTFIT cliT ~
~oll!I' i'i'\'"I'II]~'\' '\C'.. 'II]~ '\ 'oJ~l!I'~· ii) 3Jl!I'
N'IT. ~ wr-\1,ti•r'i -'{'t
f1 A1 "i ffi ~ \I fc1 '11 13 f1 cl, I .Sit
~ cl d I N'IT a~ f.'!iti:i ~
>ii$ If1 f% "'J<1 1 -'{'t f1 ,q "i RI rn iii C'I 1 Yll'l•IJJl•ft-ll <:"TI 3llif>l,l:-
The ten branches of under- f14f1-fclf1'1Rirna 1. 4l1Rlm~.
'
takings- (The ways of under- f%11Rlrna1. 31\IRliodRlmai.
taking action tantra practices): 31fclffif11Rlrna1. ~<ill'"\ 11R1fil1
Being oneself as deity for Rlrna1. f1'1cll1f1: 'lll<fi'cl'iRima1.
accomplishing the mantra, cfj f.'1 ti-l 14 11 R1 9.-:i cfj "ll IRI ma1.
assistants as the supreme friends 11R1>iui>114 ~-:iRlrna1. f14f1-fcl-
for one's accomplishments, ol"'~cgc:1<,1Rlrna1 '<Wr 1 ,
possessing realgar stones and
438
Set of Ten
'II ~ 311<1>1~ '"i9'<:l'<:!!f

(it<1*'4)- W1T ~1fil111'i cl'; >lfi'r
'(i '11 'i '+fTcf'ff, Jtft '+fTcf'ff, <E"c:.~·f11 ~ilil ~·oJ1
c/i<i'lllOlc/,I~ 111iF11, m ~
™· 31~~~1 m1" '+fTcf'ff, '[<ID
et >lfi'r fimT-.:rTITT m1" '+fTcf'ff.
~ '1 cJ 11 «l>l et >lfi'r ~-.W,, m1" c;~ll<!!,~1c11f.l- ~1011faq1tr. 31c;rn1-
™· f.'l <'dl cl'; >lfi'r :Pa ~
cj, c;1.-J'j. c/il'1rlUlltll,:, 'tqlcJli;:,
:f-1T q\j- '+l IcJ '11, ~ et >lfi'r ~ '1"1 '1, y I<>~ 'j. 3ffelurr.
fit:! m1" '+l IcJ '11 ~ W1T et >lfi'r ~:. cl.1141<;:, fi'ruir-
~'£]; ~ '!!,S~ m1" '+l IcJ '11 I 1.~~-tjfa I
The ten aspects of the heat ~ ~WR- Jllfill!'S,111,
ground of the path of 31c;rn1c;1.-i (~). c/il>i-rlui1t11,.
preparation- Possessing equal
'tqlcJli; (,wi- ollc'1'11), ~
attitude towards all sentient
(~ c/i,'11), YI<>~ (c/id'"
beings, possessing the attitude
of heartwarming love towards
cl"tl"'1"). ~ ("cl.1~ m1" -.rm).
all sentient beings, possessing 3fferurr ('c1Tl'r). cl.114 I c; (IB
the attitude of benefit of all 4§t114 m1" '+llcJ'11) ~
sentient beings, possessing the fi'rui I1.~ I
attitude of lacking anger The ten non-virtues- Killing,
towards all sentient beings, taking what is not given, indulg-
possessing the attitude of non- ing in sexual misconduct, telling
violence towards all sentient lies, divisive talk, harsh speech,
beings, possessing the attitude idle gossip, covetousness,
of regarding elders as one's harmful intention and wrong
parents, possessing the attitude view.
of regarding one's peers as
brothers and sisters, possessing
the attitude of regarding one's ")llj'CJQ.'{'11'CJI UJC:.'")llj'CJQ.'C:.9 UJC:.'")9'
youngers as one's sons and
daughters, possessing the CJQ.'"I~ r UJc:.·19·CJa.·e1,~<J1 UJc:.·19·CJa.·
attitude of regarding the equals ("l'<l[ UJC:.'")llj'CJQ.'Si!i'CJ[ UJC:.'")<!]'CJQ.'
as one's friends and possessing
the attitude of friendliness ~ c:.·~-e1,~ili I UJc:.·111J·CJa.·~oJ'CJ"-'Sl"l'<lf
towards all sentient beings.
UJc:.·19·CJa.·ai·~~-~11
439
Set of Ten
11 fil IEl 11 ~ ctl 'M G'fl

'1<-<l'l ~:. ~: '(1<-<l<I; -s~- ~ ~
' '
-
fi<l><"-1:, ~ flR.li/\ ~ . qfQ9_m19, 311qcti: 'j'{>Mlc•<-11'1~.
~ : fl"'-1<1> <1>'1\'<1: ~ : ~qa=1~G""1=q:, 311 G1'11 j~ ifl I, W'iN-
' '
fl "'-1 31=1"1-;,l""'"cl':, ~ : fl "'-1 ~:. 3!fll'611~01RIE1qR9_-tt.11~.
' '
=&1~111=1~'1', ~ {i "'-1 ii\ ~ , 3]UfqUIT, Fci ~ I'c. I~ 11.11 <'1 R'a:,
~ : flR.li/\ ,i'111'£r:. ~ fiTecrri:rr: ~ mi, I
fl R1 <1> RI 1-1Fcl-a:. ~ fl R1 <1> Yfill>'-111~ctl <6 Gfl i;r,it •11.S·lf- ,
ITT mi'! I
' "' '
f.'! ~ G1 ~ 11 ("ficR cfiT m&f ci,
Gfl <6 ~ Eflf- ~ ~ 311i:11<1 '1° ~ cITT"1!),
fl R.li/\ ~ . ~ fl "'-1 ii\ ~ <J;JUq) <1>1~01) ~ ~
'1ct><'Y, ~ flR.li/\ ~ . ~ '[tP11, "ficR '1° ~ 'F
~ fl"'-1<1> <1>'11'<1, ~ "$1" 311 q f<'ii 1.11 Q?T cfUF!, ~ ~
'
fl "'-1 ii\ 31=1"'1"""1=c1, ~ fl "'-1 ii\ ~ ~. m cn"B cfiT ai1~ix-11.
Clll~l'i ~ flR.li/\ ~ . W'ffi q,T fi tj '-1, "ficR ,RR ffl
~ fl"'-1<1> fl'111'£r, ~
'
cfi ~ 31 fl I'11 "ll <J;JUq; I~ o n,'\
flR.li/\ Rl'.!Fcl-a am ~ ~ ~ '[tP11, . 31~
xiR.li/\ ~ I (~1611) "<l>l" ~ <1>~11): f<-1~1«:
The ten qualities belonging to m ( ~ ) "$1" '3<'1R'ii cmr
No More Learning- Right xrnq ii ( ~ "$1-) ~arr cpj
understanding, right thought, m <1>~11 I
right speech, right activities, The tenfold branch of prepa-
right livelihood, right effort, ratory stage prescribed for
right mindfulness, right the Wishing-Mind- The
meditative concentration, right request, the question about
lieberation and right wisdom. obstacles in general, the
explanation of the unsavory
.., .., :, stage of falling from the
r:ii "IQJ"<:i'tl]'\"l'CJJ z::i,;,· i6'j'~~'3J ~·z::i· "l ·1::11 discipline, the faults of having
~~-1::111· ii::i·"l~·i::ir'j'CJJ ~3J"l'CJ1\-~ "I' fallen from it, the benefits of
practicing it, the accumulation
'\£ltl]«.1 J a1~«.1·CJ1\·01~·clf~ I .lr:ii«.1· of the merits, the question about
1::1"1 tl]«.i" CJ 1 z::i,;,. i6'j. ~~. ~~.3J' &l ~.CJ"~. z::i 1 the unusual obstacles met with,
the encouragement, developing
z::i~OJ·z::i I z::i«.1oJ'CJ·a'\'CJ,;,·,1~·z::ifil '\"CJJ a resolute attitude and the short
Q~Q"CJ'oJ\,;,·z::ii«.1·~«.1·1::1('j"CJ<3'.11 instruction in the precept.
440
Set of Ten
il.'\ '\'i!illj&! I. Q~ '\'"l'\'l>.~'\'<11 &!'QJoJ' . llj&!'"l'~'Q'\'

i:;·~"ll oJ'~llj'<ll ',•'\'gj'z:;&!'i5oi'~·'1l·afoJ1 El·ll.~'\'<11 il.~'\'<lq"i·~·ll.i·qi:;·~·"i&!'l:;"i'
il.~"1' 'I/ I "'~". '1/1 'I/'Q' o1 i llJ·il.E'.-i 1 ~QJ· "'gj',;'il, gj'· Q'~oJ&!' ~11
~o1&1'<1j QJ''1"1&1·o1t"1·"-E'.-i I af"1' '1/,rll ~:~ftc1t"l GW GT!IT:- ~
f.1'1';1, ~: f.1'1';1:, f!lll(;.ltllRA.-i';I,
G1lT >r;,., iful ffl:- xfll:
" SI fa E1:
. . 31111A~rl'1'1R=lc/>i. li:H~
'1FJ:, 31 $11 '1 'j, f<rc.i tc fc1 fi1 Fi}; ct-1 I, 311<"1'11 f.1'1';1, tl~d/11 , f.1'1';1,
f!(-cfi111'i~:. aJ•fH.ih,'i~:. ~ - Fc1fi',:i1'f1~9, 31q,i~11qf.a:.
q, 1l-l~I:, ~ft c1s'I aq, ll-1 ~I 'i~:. 31~-'>JqOj'!, ~'1df'1,0l'j.
fiw11'i~~'<1fa I ·'Jfi=i l-J I' 1!lti' Il-J Ij<'-1 R1:, cli~ <J'i c"Q-
Gfl' ~ cft')"~- xfll, ~fat1, '1FI, f! \% d ~ c;,•ffa,111...j itfcr I
~ . f<rc.i '<'. fc1 fi1 Fi}; ct-1 I, f! (-cfi 111- ~:mTc1" et'; ~ GT'l"- ~ cfj "irRT
~ . 31'flllh,'i~, 'i~4" 1H\. AP-:a 5RT. ~c1a1w ci, GRT
~ftc1s'laq,111~l'i~ am fiw:rr- AP-; a "ITT"lT. 111i:Ut14 cnT q Ic1 '1
~
m "i:IR't ~ ci, GRT AP-; a
"ITT"lT. f{ 1-11 ~ fi1 'f1 '1 cfj "fl11l! ffl
1
The ten root afflictions- Desire,

anger, pride, ignorance,
ci, GRT AP-; a "ITT"lT. w\-aT ci,
deluding doubt, view of the GRT Af.<; a ~ "11T'<l ..
transitory collection, view of fc1fi'c;•1'f1,i'i if 31411~1 q,c,J.-JI, ~
holding to an extreme, concept if 31¥ t!lf cnT m ,, c/1,'11,
of a view as supreme, concept ~ if 'f!'lfl ¥ fc1 ~ 111 cnT fc1 *'1-1 oI
of ethics and modes of conduct "ITT"lT, 1F1' izci 'lT'f cfj ~ 'i:pf
as supreme and wrong view. ;;:i <'-1 "1 ,, "ITT'1T am c/1~ <l'i c'l1 ci,
~ ~ 'i/,l' \ll'<ic/1-1 ~ if
,"1.~&!'11'<\m"l'<J~·~ '11''\~"J'll'<lj
.,.
1 f "i·q· ~ c'l'il I
'
&11:;'11· ~&1·~&1· ~1·<11 l ~o1&1·~&1· ~'\'"II The ten faults of corrupt
morality- Disparaged by
gJ11J &!'<E"i:; &1·q·o1~i:; &! .q,;. I'\·q·~oJ&!'~&! . Buddha, disparaged by gods,
disparaged by celibacy-fellows,
il1·q1 · ~QJ·<1q"i·c!l1·"l·s1·q/,:a:·<1111J·
disparaged by oneself while
~'\'~&!'~'\'"11 i&1'~'\'~&1·~1·q,;•,r&!'"ll entertaining proper thoughts,
worthy to be disparaged by
[ "]'II''\<;'[ "J'll'oJm'ol'II' ~· El· t"i·q· ll.Ofor<11 Dharmata, infamy spreads at
every nook and comer, one does
t &!'oJ'<i'&!'q•,i'&!' q,;·El'"-~,;·<11 ~" ·oi'&!' q•
not hear the Dharma he has not
441
Set of Ten
heard before, one forgets ~~-~i'lr3i 01 ·c:i I .

whatever he had heard before,
realization of ground and path i:i1,: if·"i 01 ·..,~o11 ~ 1·tJ,,: i iii"...,~ ~r
does not arise and dies with 1<1 ,,_. if· iii"'..,%..,·~ ·c:i~~l 1
regret and is born in lower
realm after death. qtq"11'1'(-ll (<l~;;!cil<li) GVI
1l<1)•11:- ~: tj"fq['{:,
~·qa·"iqr::.·~·c5~·<1t1 g·2f,._-~,._·.,f1 1:."i·
~ : ~ ';f<l,
i3i·~·!l3i·'~:"1 ~·t3i...,"J., ...,ul'3il o1i~· ~. ~ : ((c!>~ilfa I
q tq"1 I '1 (<1 «),;;I cl I) '6 c;'1
!·~r::.·c:i1 ,:6°r::,o,·~11 ;:1..,·..,~c:i1 1:i"'" II <I) 11- fcl1'f<l cfi 31 • ft ' la 'c!R'
t"il ~-,._..,.,I ~.,-tJ,'3:t"i·~.., ~\ ~ cJ'i 31 'f·P fa cft";,, <1JxUT ~
31-tPla c:1 (lm '34J.JI cJ'i 31'fPla
..,ul'..,.,.~I I "((qi I
The ten trainings of the Basic
~II 'ii I~~ <Ii 111l'l 1"o1·'i~"l'i, ~~'t?l'i,4R1olcqi:,
~-in-,,-: c/>~<l'U: ' ~ :'
~"i""l"-""l~f ~1"tJ"-"01<,:~r::.·?:~3i[ ~~-q~·
V'l"l'-t'
'3rnx1t1-s·•1: ilfi, 1 ~;,:~ r::.·?:o.0::3i I ~1·tJ,._.;:i;,_-~ r:;·?,·o.~~I

'
~ll'il 31~~<1> '6 ~ 311<1~<1<1>
~"i-q"'~r:;·<l'f ~ r::.·?.:o.e::3i I ~\q"'· {3i·~·
~ ~llf- '3"-'ft<'l l'i "il"ili°, Wl ~
~ TfTclT "ff ~ :!'gc, ~
"4Til G I., I ~ r:;·'?. ·o.e::3i I ~"i'q"'·~,._·~·~r:;·?. ·o.~~I
ffl ll cg o;g <'1, ITT'<", GJ :oj 13,, ~ . ~1·tJ"-"1i!J"-·~-~ r::.·?. '"-0::"i I "i"l"'·?:ill.·~,·
~ . u;-tr, Jffe~ x'r f.'! Ma B":
31<'iqilx (lm '3rn~<l (13i4~ ?,·~"ii 3iol"i!Jf1l.·~r::,·'?,·~3il ' ~~·q~·
~)I ~o1-~01· i·~ r::.·'?. ·~3i·c:i ;,;o, ·~I I
The ten garments concerning
peaceful empowerment- ~ ~f.Hl<ltl'ilf.'1- ~-
Wheel at the crown, five c/>c. <'A I l""M I~ <:11 ~,
c. '
precious knotted crown, earring <f"1: 'Ii <'F1 111 <1 'i 't, cl I';!'Ii fH I~ -
in ears, necklace, the holy <'f'ill,, 41 c1 c!>c.,a f'i 111 a 'i J.J' • ifm-
thread, bangle, bracelets, belt, C/>ct-<1 I~<:11 'i,
c. '
C'1l f@a c/>\-F1111<1~~.
c. '
six ornaments made of bone and ~~ <1c/>\-F1111<1 'iJ.J, 31 I qi I~I qifH I~
< ' <
upper garment. <'f'il'[. fc1 ;;i 1'i 'Ii f<"i 111 a ...j ilfi, I
442
Set of Ten
ffi ~&lllltFl- ~-'it<'Al- "J'"J'\'ll'Cl~j CJ ·,;9·r.i1 9~'CJ'>;9'<lj ~·

"l:lcf'l, "1c'l-'it <'A I<F'Fl, ~-
~ 9' <l j $'~· OJl:\OJ' 9'i "i. '59 "l. ~9· <l j "i"'.
'it <'A I<H1 '1, cfT1);-'it <'A I<H1 '1,
-;fu;r-cit <+-1 11.l a '1, fta--cit <+-1 11.l a '1. \<1·~9·r.i1 \\\"'f"ll ~"i'"-9 3Ji£'1'C!(~1
ct'll%a cit<+-11<ia'1. m-
~"111'-1c1-1. 31 lcf>I ~1 'ltct..-\ 11.l ci'1 ~ Cj'{"l f <11'9"-'CJ~<ll'&l"i'~ll
om Fc1 $11 '1-'it <+-1 11.l a '1 1 ~ fctw:- ~1c'Yfclt11, Rlfinctilfc1t11,
The ten totally pervasive exhaust- ~ I«; fc1 tl I, g<1,fc1 tl I, -3ltl.l I<"1 fc1 tl I,
lions (The aim of which is to
"l.llfaq,1fa1afclei1 'l'!, cf>1c2.1Fclei1,
develop omniscience by training
~ . D"G1fc1til, '11ccf>
in perceiving an element such
as earth or colour)- Total
fclw 'tjf<'f I
~ fll £111{- fffi;q fclw, RJ fin ct-l I
pervasion of earth, total
pervasion of water, total fclw. ~ fclw. ~ fclw,
pervasion of fire, total pervasion 3l'Uffi'l fclw. G<.11 fa q 1[ci ' I fa Ia
of wind, total pervasion of blue, fclw. 'cf>Tcll' fclw. ~ fclw,
total pervasion of yellow, total IT"G fclw c,m '11 c cf> fclw I
pervasion of red, total pervasion The ten fields of study- Art and
of white, total pervasion of Crafts, Medicine, Grammar,
space and total pervasion of Logic, Philosophy, Astronomy
consciousness. and Astrology, Poetry,
Semantics, Lexicography and
IIJ~·cr~l ~'OJ! .i·cr1 ~9·~"l"-l ~9·r.i1 drama and dance.
!i"''il <l'lOJC,<llj ~'\'<I! ~'9&1\'"'~"il ~,;111·,~·~9111·i'!il\'Cl~j ~';j'~il\f ~ii\'
1~·i5J~~. ~ l 3J~ 9·~,:,·fll !<11 "l':J"l'!il\l f--io.ir ~::l"'*-"il 59·
ffi 1J!IT:- xfct:, '1ll,:, 1=fllc'[:, ~t[:, 9)Cl'9~"ll "jCJ"l'9)Cl'9~"ll ol·&i'·
qi,flifa:, :wi,:. ~1f.'l~'ilx:, '1§:,
cf> I<'11 fr.-t :, iB <1,~ il fa I «H
ffi 1J5- 'efct, 'ffill', 1=fllc'I, ~.
t1»i1•1if>1ll<'l1:1°11ic11: ~
qi!flifa, :wi,. mf."r. '1s. cf>l<'llfi'.-J 3f<'l<IITTT:- 1_ffic:, cg o;g <'1 'j,
om *11 cf>"cll'•N"l'1' (31t1lcf>1xi,1x:) ' m: '
Ten planets- Sun, Moon, Mars, ~ : (~:), 'i,'t i,{-fj'(>tjiJ>l, 'i,'t
Mercury, Jupiter, Venus,
~ . cf>~il.£1~-ilfa I
Saturn, Rahu, Kalagni
fl Rf1 1 l<f> Ill ~ <'l'lffUT ~ ~ 1"
(Conflagration) and Ketu.
~ 3f<'l(f>'f'x- Pm7~~'-', cf>O-S<'J
..:, '
443
Set of Ten
~ ( 6R), 6R non-production and knowledge

(<m), '11"),<l-'cf, c:T ~. c:T 411.l<'I of exhaustion.
~ c/J •N <1-'cf I
11,1·qtf ,:,q·l'\9"-'qf ~-,JJ·.:i'\.,.,f i{'\·s'\·
The ten ornaments that repre-
sent an Enjoyment Body- <.if i{'\·"'~·qf sc:.·'\"l"-'qf .JJ('I·~·~,;·
Crown, earrings, necklace (half-
size ), necklace (big size), <.if ~c:.·~·arc:.·qf .:i·9ci.fqf ~91!J·r.iaJ·
bracelets, two bangles, two
g]"'1f i ... -~-~'l·~rr
anklets and girdle.
~11,1·i:rqi1 i9·q~Ql-~l!,l'<.'1 ;l'l'~C:,'~l!,l'<.lf
c:-:n: ''i.1-11.1:- !.!jRt11. Rl1-1<'11. ,r,r-
cITTt. 31Rlti1161, '(_i5,u!1.11. ~ .
"-~9'<.i'~l!,l'<.lf "l 3 J'~l!J'<.if ll!J'~l!,l'<.lf 'i-~,s;•11-11. Jfq"<'JT, ~ . u44t11
~I
i11,1·~~1!,1'<.!f ':j'\'(q'~l!,l'<.lf 9"1'1'!' ~ ~1.1i- !.!jRt11, Rl1-1<'11.
~;JJl!,l~l!,l'<.lf &l·~·q·~l!J'<.if ~'\'<.l'~l!,I' J;l",T- cITTT, 31 Rlti11e1'i. -tj:;ul<l I,
~ . 1,~•11-11. Jfq"<'JT, ~
,.,;{rr 'i"i'llll u,j~e:11 I
t;l!I ~l\l i,I ICJ If.'1- ~:i!.sl $11'1'1, The ten grounds- Very Joyous,
Stainless, Luminous, Radiant,
ft'.fi; I.I $11 '1 '1, ~ . ll'T'f-
-b
"11 "'1 'i,
'
U ,j $11 '1 '1,
'
31--<1~1.1~;,i~1-;.i~.,,
Difficult to Overcome, Approa-
' ' ' ching, Gone Afar, Immovable,
fiafa;,i1.-i1-1. q,filrn;,i1.-i1-1.
< ' ' Good Intelligence and Cloud of
ai=j=i;<1~1=c;;,i=1r1='j.. a-l l.l $11.-i ~ I
Dharma.
~ l,l<f>I, ~ 'i,l'A- ~:=i!.sl=;,i~1=r1.
tljC:'-1$11'1, ~ . 'll•f$11'1, 11,1·;i::,ij!l_·~i;11,1·f"·qi1 s·q·~;JJ....'5'\'"I'9~·
u4;,i1r1. 31'<11.1$11'1. fiqfa;,i1r1,
~·.:i '\·,.,a·ql!,l,JJ'r.i f ,:,c:.·9"1'1.! -~~ ·<>i· ~-
q,filrn~l'i. 3lji;<11c;$11'1 <lm
el'-1$11'1 I r.i,:,·'il 9·ii\'~ '\'"-~i\'l'.lf ~.JJ"'l'"O'\'~i<l...
The ten knowledges- Knowledge
'5'\'"l'~;JJl!,l';JJ~.JJ·<i·~ '\ f ~ ,:,· ,·,l'\·r.i,r
of suffering, knowledge of the
origin of all suffering, know- q~9·r.i·~,JJl!,l'(l'\'9ifC:,'Clf ~ ""'9~~''\ol'
ledge of cessation, knowledge
of the path, knowledge of r.i·;9":i'ci ~'l·r.i,:,·s'\'<If il9·r.i·9'!i.i·~·
dharma, subsequent knowledge,
knowledge of conventional i ... ·IJJ·':;l""'<.ia·'\.:i9""'<.i'Q,l'"l·cif ~1!,1'1il f'
phenomena, knowledge of J·?. ....<i,:,·~c:..qq.~.JJ"I'~'\.'\c:.. ~-r.i I
other's mind, knowledge of
444
Set of Ten
benefit of both self and others,

an attitude of equanimity
towards all sentient beings,
&l '\'<J"-'i l!>l' {<>,'l:.J! giving away all belongings
without miserliness, always
~<lr;ri;i"·s'\'l:.J~!! relying on a good spiritual
friend, seeking the goals of all
"\121 'l 11.,) : G'l I q R'{l;i'i <I :- {i cl ili <'ll g the precepts of the three
31~1 ld4 l~l 4:, «14,cfi<"4I011cl vehicles, always possessing the
'
'l !, 141 '1 i'q ~!,Of Ii, xiclf1-,-q {i Ii- thought of definite freedom,
'
R1ctF'11. 311ilctii\01 t1cl«1,41'1:, always eagerly wishing to hold
f1 c; I f1 <'1 cfi<"4 I01 f.'1-:1 IJJ:ftf:, ~ 41'11'1 i Buddha's presence, teaching
'
~ 311c'll<l'11i'f1'1011i, '1GT Dharma to all without restraint
' '
~ 4 \ fu Icfi Iii ct1 If.'cl <'1 ,-q 't, '1GT and always speaking the truth.
mm'
~ cfi 14 ""
c; ""sri'i'Bi4 I f1 'ffl' q: 'cl,
l!,l'i;i~·<JS.·ufc:l!>l'fc:·ciiI '\i:l "i.<Jil.,a;,91!,j'a;,·
Fc1 .'J 4 "1 '11 '1
'
yfcr f.1: {i '5' cfi1tj
t14<~1'11, '1GT f1,4cfillflcflC:~ilR'l 1 9"il!>l'<J! "-'1'\'<J·~c:·i;i1 i9·~1!,j'<J!
Y211l 1lf4 qft- Gfl q R'lJ.~ 4 i
gc: l!,j' <Jil.. ci:i'a;,·,; a;, ·ai· ci:i '\·'\i<J'<J I i;i ~i;i·
~ WI <fi "llfcr 31~11<'(4<'11 cBT
~ . "«I" ~ 4, cfi <"41 I <fi fuc( ° ~ iSJ l!,j' ci:j'C: l!>l' '!,i'al '915C: 'Q l "-~\<iil.. ci:j'",'
Ii S141 '1 'cfiT -W<lm, "1"ft ~ Ifu 141
<fi "llfcr ,i 'id I c!il 'l1Tcf'"'1T,
311ilcti4<'11 c!il 111<1'11 ~ ~ C>.i6i<Jl!>l'<Jil.' i l!,j' { a;,·%c:·~c:·"-'\l!>l'"l '9@;"l'
0 q "', "n 'cfiT zy'f, '1GT {i l-4 ~
cfi <"41 oI f.'I ·li 'l ~ "ITT'11, clT'1T i;il i;i'\'9·<J·':)a;,·9ifc:·i;i1 '\~·i;i·~i;i·<J·ai·
<TAT ~ ~ tf'lT <fi 311 c1 l<l '1 ~l!Jl!>l'al·~l!J·<Jt l!J(a;,·~..,-~·'l/·i;i·.i:l'\·<J~H
'cfiT 31 '°<1 "I oI, '1GT f.'I 4 \ oI cBT
~ ~ {il-l1"'1 ~ . '1GT ~~: G'll4R'l.).<i:i<l:- ~cfil'fl-
~-'cfi14 <fi ~ <fi fuc:
ll q,"' c[IB:, 31<'!1-fUI, fi"g~:. ~ -
"ITT'11 ~ '3""fl ~ ~ j~ a "ITT'11, 'J."11'1i {ililC:1'1'!, fuei1~Tl'c'lf<ll
~fc'i~'tf ctr 111cl'11 ~ ~ i'Slcfi, c'l1T'T:, if> IIi 'J." If.'1.-c; I, fc1 .'J 4 "1 '11 '1 i
fc1 .'J 4 "11'i "cfiT t1 'fl 4 <~I ~ <fm xW11>21\j'1ii4t14j4R~11 f.'lc1\u1-
"f1GT "ff<'4' cfi'f'1' cfi s '11 I q x! 4 UT1if>xU Iii, t1ci{-cl <'41 • I:,
'
The thorough trainings on the if>~ Ic1f.'I !i1 IC:'114 31 c;l '1 Rim ,-q Ii,
~ '
first ground- Attitude free from ~ f.'I Fc1 '<'- 'i.~ ~-cl R'I I
deceit in all deeds, practicing ~l!f 1lf4 qft- Gfl rrtqR~:trr1:1~-<1i
the greater vehicle for the ~ cfi I'fl cl l{i, 31 <'11 'i'Bi I, f1 "\!~,
445
Set of Ten
aj<1 ']," ri (~ aj<1 ']," ri cliT) cliT

c/,dli! ~ "ft 3J'R1"IB, fuim ~ fi:i 1111 1
cliT Fcl, #1 ~ ~ .'i <XlJ1T -;,
et> x--11, c/, 1'1 '], or\ clft f.'! ..-c; I, ~!!
Rl ~ '-1 ,,i,-1'\ clft ~ ~~ G1lT <1c11f.'I- . ~ ~ -
t1'll4~~1 tcr ~ ~ f.'ic1\01 .'i "11'"1 lfu $11 '1 <I c1 '1, fj-(-tj f.'i: '-1 q i!I q, $11 '1 <I el ~.
' '
f.'i 'Q ct11 f% a -;, ITT'1T ~ ti4~·11f,iqf\lqfi'a$11'1<1c1'(, ~ -
'l,i!l ll !$ 'i"j ~ "ft ~ ITT'1T I ~16!M c; I'1"':!~ I'1 $11'1 <I c1 't, 1I9-
The ten thorough training on f.'1<11 f1 Iji!"if\1 $11'1 ~ i@'- ~ -
desires, being content, strictly $11'1ciic1, qj,jfclqlc/,-$11'1<-lc1, "'!RT-
following the ascetic (twelve ~-$11'1<1c1, '1 I'11 ~~Rla-$11'1<1"1,
trainings) trainings, not forsa- f1(-tjf.'i:'-14i!I q, $11 '1<1 c1, f14~' 11 fll
king discipline at any cost,
q f\1 q R'a-$11 '1 <I c1, fi cfc'1 ~I cl.I cl c; I
hating sensual objects, leading
";fcQ:IR-$11 '1 <I c1, 'i4f.'i cl If1 Ij-
beings to the state of nirvai;ia by
giving teachings according to ~-$11 '1 <I c1, 3TRfc!~ '-1 $11 '1 <I el
their abilities, renouncing and "ci':!.!T q<":l,<'<1 R'a-$11 '1 <I c1 I
giving away all possessions, The ten powers of Buddha-
never turning away from doing Knowledge of sources and non-
virtuous practices and never sources, knowledge of actions
holding wrong views and their fruitions, knowledge
of the various division of consti-
11111;.IIII'!1111'~'{ <11111'<1~f 9 <l'j"I' '\z;' 9°\ "I' ol' tuents, knowledge of varieties
t!l<li·<l·oJ~ <li'<la: f i:i1111 1 <>11111·~· ~ol'<l'\' ~<li· of inclination, knowledge of
superior and non-superior
<l'ol~ <l'j'<Jq: f tlllll\ folllll' 1·af91111'<J'ol~ <l'j' faculties, knowledge of the
<la: f t11111 1 a:r1111·r.i·1·af9 1111·<J·ol~<li'<la· paths leading to all forms of
cyclic existence, knowledge of
f t11111 1 '\"z;·?i-oJt9 .'\ol<l'j'ol~<li'<la· f i:i1111 1
understanding all ever-afflicted
~ol 1111·ii'\'~·"'~·"I ol'"I 'ol~ <li' <la· f tlllll f phenomena and purified pheno-
--
ol~<l'j'<l.'l_·f<11111\
-
~<l'j'<l'jllll'~<l'j'oll;.llll'<l''\!;'~ol'<J'<:~z;·q·111191111·
{<!i'~'9<l'jllll .l llll'~i'~<li'<l'
mena, knowledge of recol-
lecting past lives, knowledge of
contamination and its extinction
446
Set of Ten
and -knowledge of death, il"l"l' 'IN'iSIC:.'t:l~f ii,',;·r::i, iliSl"l''<l ci.~·

transmigration and birth.
~"I "-~'i-"I ~"1-"I ~-~"1 :i'i'"I
ul'\'S'\1 aJIN'"ll ~c:.·?,·o.~a;,-~11
'\ 'JJ' r::iiiSI'" I <.1J c:.·'\"1 '""{ "1".qcl: .,c:.•r
G-:tT Rlro'l-fPl<1>1:- ~<:'ii, ila'i1,
!"1 ~"1"'"''\C:.'~t:l"l'~''l,;°','"ll r::i~·r::i,;· "'/-iw. U""G:, m:. ~- ~:.
'l'ifflc/>1<:, ~ : , ~ I
"ii1"1"'"1 ~"1-~°','iSl[S°','"1 i"'~' ~ Rlro '1-fP1<1>- ~<:'ii, i1a'11,
"-~,,rr::icl.·f ·af ~,;·r::i·..ra;,·;:i '\'"1 ~-1c:.·£l· "'/-iw, U""G, ffl, ~- ~-
'l'iffl</,I<, ~ (~)
~iSl"l'~'(a;,·q1 "lC:."l'!"l r::iilSl''l,;°',' a~ ,fi 'l Iltr I
"-'\"'1J 'iSj~-r::i~~l I The ten main bases of mental
factors- Feeling, intention,
~~ G-:tT q,if,n:- ~:. discrimination, contact, know-
~- Fclu1i1, 0 1-
'(-1'-'<<l'{i~<fi:, ledge, mindfulness, mental
,fiA.J"i:, 'tl'l<.'1:, c'l'1cbFclc;_, 3ljrn,: engagement, belief and
concentration.
:!~~c;R.l,fil<~:, ~il'lj,'ll1°1i
~11-Ril, ~=- >1•1ci1f.'1R'l 1 ili<11N'~if•rr::i~1 '4°',·q1l_·il"1"l! r::i~·r::i1l:
~~ ~ ~ q,if,i . ~ - ~ - iliSl., 1 ~c:.·r::itr::i1l.·iliS1., 1 "1~a;,·qo:
fl Rl <ffi 1-1.i:.. Fcl ,a liJ~OI- ,fi A.I "i,
Wf<.'1", c'll c/> Fcl c;:, 31 jrn, iliSIINl i"]·q1l_·iliSl"l! '4°','"]'\"]"l'!.lO;
:!~~c;R.l,fil<~, ~q<.'11311 zci -iliSl"ll ;l°i'l~c:.·r::icl.·iliSl"l! {iSl"l'"lcl.·
~ ci, ~ll'l-<'11, ~ zci "1'1ill'i I
The ten synonyms of Buddha- .illSl"lf ir::i·1<fa;,·~·il1S1"ll (a;,·q1l_·il31•r
Tathagata, Arhat (Foe-Destro- ~11
yer), Perfect and Complete
c;~1fclm Rlroa1- 1%aRlrna1,
enlightened one, Perfect in
-<jiS!Rlrna1, c;,i1Rlrna1, fFrrt1-
knowledge and conduct, Sugata
Rlrna1, Fil,iRlct1a1. 3lj,H,Rlrna1,
(Well-Gone), Knower of the
3JR~1Rirna1, fl'lRlrna1. 3llillll
worlds, The Unsurpassable one, Rlrn a 1, ~11 '1-<J.Rlrna 1 '<1ft'r 1
Supreme Trainer, Teacher of ~ 'l"il>R ~ Rlroa1- f%-a--
gods and human beings and Rirna1, -<jiS!Rlrna1, c;,i1Rirna1.
Buddha (The Fully Enlightened ~ - filllRlrna1, 31:!-
One). !H, RI rn a 1, 3JR~ 1RI rn a 1, "'(-!+!-
447
Set of Ten
f'tj<f1 a 1, 3l li11 l\ftj ro a 1 "C!cf s·i.iz::.· 1 11'1J'<'S<i3,· 1 ~ '<:J"-' "-I

~11~ftjct1a1 I
Ten intentions- Beneficial inten- ;fll]&li''<~"i1 1"i''\"]Cl.'i:i'o."I[
tion, intention of happiness, ~ JJt:I ~I till I: ('Jft:T-'Stl i:l<bl:)-
compassionate intention, supple ~ II Rg;-;1:' '11 c:,' I<"'-11 i.l '19,ol:' cJi I~11 q:,
intention, fair intention, 31f.'l{>,i,:, ~:, '{"l~c111f-1:,
benefitting intention, protecting
'H,lclilci.lli.l'1:, '341~:. ~:.
intention, equal intention,
3111.-i'; ~ i1 fa I
intention of master and
~ '1 t: I ~ I till (lft:1-'St I <l )-
intention of teacher. A -ri>-''~~=
~IIRg;?i, 'ilC:,'l<"'-lli.l'ig;?i, clil~11q,
i "l''\210;<>1·~ •q,;'lllf'<la.·~ '~'\'<I~l $'.;/' 3lf.'l{>,i,, ~- '{0 l~<'lllf-1.
"1i,lclilci.lli.l'1, '341~, 'llWf ai.n
df,;(<J'<Jjt::'"/l'i'ai(</1 "l"i~I ~~I 'lji 311 '1.-i'; I
~ll]~I <:J~z::.·1 ~z::.·<:J1 ~i.i·t1 g3,·<:J~ll] The ten principal disciples-
Sariputra, Maudgalyayanaputra,
'\"1Z::.'<:J ~,;1 >;<:J'"]"i~·ij'11 Kasyapa, Aniruddha, Subhuti,
Pun_1amaityayanI, Mahakatya-
3lli114~ ~ ~:
yana, Upali, Rahula and
(3ll<Ptll<b<l~f.'I) : :J~Mi5-
Anand a.
rl"k}?il?l1/- , ~ . cITTc'!:, <tcT:,
1=P.i!:, • I01"1 I, l!T<'fl, '.!lD, l,Tll:, 1:1a11:1·5·<:J~! ol·~·'<!l'<:JJ 111i\r.i1 i~·Q
~ : , !.I fa <'d H -il;fi'r I
"]1jZ::.'<:JJ ~3,·r.i1 afi.i·r.i1 §'"l'<l,~~·q,
311-,114 ~ ~ 311<l'tll<b a ~
(311<l'tll1{5{'11, ~ .
The ten necessary articles of a <;11'1,, -'>icJOl'i,, 4d1'1,, c/JUffl-
teacher: As it is said in ""c/lcr'<mulu't, !,I cJi I~ 111, ~:.
Guruparigrahatantra- Dwelling, U4ftj 'f1 '1 l-\, 3lcimcRT -il;fi'r I
time, deity, mantra, number, ~ Y'<l>R ~ ftr!ITT- cffl"'l,
rosary, posture, fire-offering, 1fif'l, GR, ~ . l:fd"'1', ~
empowerment and consecration. cli~'11, !,lclil'tl'11, ~ - tJ4 cfi
i•rari"\·2f·q~l ~-~a,-'il ~ij\"l'~''il o."'\· fci1'fi.l 1'/ ftj 'f11 ([2TI 310 ctT
'l'!Tcf'11 I
'/iZ::.'J o-l''<lljllj~'r.JJ ",£:l''<["-1 s111~·r.ia.· The ten Dharma-trainings-
Writing, worshipping, generos-
448
Set of Ten
sity, hearing, reading, memori- ~~if> .t Gt1" "fl'.lR- ~.

zing, preaching, recitation, con-
templation on dharma and
~. ahl-, '3""CIITT, 4Rt:tc;,
medi-tation on meaning. '344Rt:tc;, "'!Tc11, '34'11<'11, fijC:11

~ '34t1jC:11 I
~ ·;\·"la·..,'l"'i:i~, C!J'll!l·~c::·~ ·c:ia·IIJ'll!IJ
The ten dwellings of Heruka-
~c::-~c::-~ ·c:ia·~c::·1 qflf",~c::·lc:ia·qflf"'1 Dwelling, close dwelling, field,
~-\~c::·lc:ia·~·~1 "-)·,:r~c::·li:ia·ci.)· close field, retinue, close-
<1~11 retinue, mystic rosary, close-
mystic rosary, gathering and
~~if>t"l ~ ~ - ~.
~ . ~ . '3""Cf~. 4Rt:tc;, close gathering.
'144Rt:tc;, "'!Tc11, ijqi,1<>11, tij<:ii:,
'34t1jC:11~i:lfa I
449
Set of Eleven
. •qt'"l <1'(~'\1 "l"l'I' ,, J;!~: (!.1-l-lf&i":), 31!.l"IIC:,

~ . 31fc1f%·HI (31f%'11) ilfff I
t\<1'<11 ~·&1~<11 "l~'\'8'~"1'<11 "-\'\' ''11~6 ~W<'I- ~. -c1-""1-1,
!"I! '\§111'{'\'Uil {<1~,r?:r:i1 £l·111ilf 31q-;11c,i, m . $ . ~ . cM,
J;!~ (!.1..if&i"). 31!.l"llC:, -;aqan
<11 111!111~"'"-f"''"l 111~'\'&l~~l ~· <f~ 31fc1f%>111 (31f%'11) I
1:~·~111·~1 Eleven virtuous mental factors-
Faith, shame, embarrassment,
(!if>I i;ltl ~~"ifl:- <F11'f1c/>: non-attachment, non-hatred,
(<1"11R:), 31q,1ftla:, i5ll.Jicl:, non-ignorance, effort, pliancy,
31 ~ a cg o-s c'I :, 3ftTc'I': , c/> I"1 xi ;,,i : conscientiousness, equanimity
and non-harmfulness.
(cfcl\c/>,1"1:), -1lc'lc;o,g:, "li51islc'I:,
;arofl~ilwclct'i, ~. c[ii:1- !"l'&l~''lj'lij%1ij i"l'~&l~'~'!"l'&l~l
~I ~ c:.·c. ·o.~<1·!· !"l'&la;''l l ~ ~·:r,Q·~· zoi·
•111~., cfj
!,!if>!~ m ~<1a1-
ll'1l'f1c/, (ll"IIR), ;,iqxiftla, &1a;'i\l ii)·~~·~· !"l'&la;'i\l ~&l'q:r,·sfoi·
5ll~"lcl, 31~acgo-sc'I, 3l'tTc'I', <ii\·!"l'&la;'i\ l ~ c:.i<i<1·~· !"l'&l~l
c/>1'1'11"1 (cfcl\<!,i'.1"1), "1lc'ic;U,s,
{ c:.. q· ~ '\. '\c:.. &1a;'i\ '&I'~'\. q· '\ c:.. t!'I' CJ'~'\.
"1i51islc'I, ;arofl~ilwclct'i, ~
~ iF,H11~1 q/.\'!"l'&la;'i\l ~Q~'~'!"l'&la;'i\l ol&I~'
Eleven wrathful deities- Y aman-
taka (Y amari), Aaparaj ita, 0<1· ~ '\. q· '\c:.. ~111·~ '\. ,,. llJ c:.· ~111·~'\'qi.\· zoi·
Hayagriva, Amritakunc:iala,
&l<Ei\ l ~'l·~c:.·o.Il"l'Q:r,'"'§C:.'<l'fC:.')' t'\'
Acala, Kamaraja (Takkiraja),
Niladanda, Mahabala, Usnisa- q~·&1~:r,''i/'"l''\C:.'!:l"l'<J/.\' !"l'&la;'i\l ',C:.'
cakrav~rtI, Sumbharaja · · ~d
Vajrasadhu. ~ ·oi&1~·u:rc:. ~·'!:r'\111·q~·~c:.~· fil~·~~·s~·
'\~'Q'<lj'"J%lij '\'\'"11 ($~~·q1 ~"l'ClJ\ ! ~'Gs,<l~·q/.\· !"l'&la;'i\'<lo~·~r l
"l "-\'\'<tll1~'~'\ "l ~''f1'.C:.'~'\'"l 111~· Eifuf: (!if>I C:ltlf<ltr:- ~:.

~:.~:.~:.
~'11'~'\'"l <If'I'"-~~! ~'l'!C:.~l <1111' ~:, '151c/,'(i0118:liif:,
ci:J'\'"l <l'jC:.'{&l~l ~&1·q:r,·£l·o.i''<l~ll ~"ll a1'--3lf.'rfi'rrn-~:.
'3 q Illec!iJl:' 31'ffi'q~-
(!if>IC:ltl ~ltlcllf.'I ~. lft:, ~:, !.lffi,ll'1jcll1C:fll
314'11"1'1, m:, $:, ~=. ~ 31'f1'..lli51_~xf%a: 8'1v!:,
450
Set of Eleven
f<lfilct1·FQ qR~<i:i«11tj ~
~ : "t.q "1 ~'<1 fa
I
'111 '< i; lj<l'il"{ ~ 6ful (fcl ul 11
6ful)- m cf;T m. fl'il~ cf;T ~z:.·cia·ci<!J<>l'"ld\l ~-i1 ,,~"-\Z!J·~·<>i·
m. >Tm cf;T m. ~ cf;T m. '\Z!J". QJ!,l' Z!J 'id\·il!j J!.l''\"-.Q,~ "'. ~.~3/' Cl") l!j'
fc1 '.!fcla cf;T m, 'i !$ Icl'> '<> o11 cf;T
m. ~t'llcil- ~<>i·ci1 o1d\'"-Z!J'al'\'"II ~d\·~·o1d\'"-Z!J o1·
3! f.'I fi'1 rn-3! !.I fil 11% a cf;T m, ~d\. <1il: ~.<i',~rtJ!,l' CJ I "!!ld\. CJ I l '\.CJt'l:
-3q111 cf;T m. ~ -
ii:lolJ!.1'~11
~-31gc;:•1 c1 cf;T m. !.l<:1~c'll-
fl '.!cl1 IG cfi 3TIUTfll ITT cfi cl'> I'i OI ?l'lJUJi Gl~IUJl't (!<l>IG~I GTfIT:-
31 'fHl I!$ 'i~ ~ ® ITT cf;T f.'I ~ IR ~ 11 ~ Rcl'> c;~ '1, ("lj '1., ~ .
m mrr f<l Rl ct1 cfi q R~<i:i ITT !.lc114:, gift ~:. <'l'>lc11!$c1:,
cfi <'l'>I< 01 ~ cfi ID'<"[ ~ "ll 111 fc1 El i i;rfi'r q"k111 rtl cf/.11 
Victory banner of morality, isfi'l '>I q U I'1., ffl, "c1l"1'-'l'[]qrff
victory banner of meditative "-r1fi, I
concentration, victory banner of M &m ~ •111'<.; <IT'f- ~
wisdom, victory banner of m ~11~R<'l'> ~'<1,C"11 (~
primordial wisdom, victory 3'1'1Gci'), "ilfKsl, ~ c1 14, ~
banner of thorough liberation, '3 ct1 ( <'l'>l c1 I!$ c1, ""ll-m fuw cfi
victory banner of great i;rfi'r ~ ffl ITT ~
compassion, victory banner of ~ '.lfc@" ~ '3ct1 ,,
emptiness, signlessness and 31j4~~1. f?rurJq~~I. 3!fc141<'l'>
wishlessness, victory banner of ;,r,cn cfi ID'<"[ WfUT fc),i:rr u!T'n,
means, victory banner of non-
ffl w:rT "c1l"1' et\ 'i I<l 'i I (fu"cti") I
sentient beings, non-life force
Eleven faults of the three doors-
and non-person, victory banner
Sleep etc., adverse circumstance
with respect to the extreme view
of the body, amusement,
when one realizes the dependent
mocking, debate and discussion
ong1nation and the victory
with hatred, noise, contradicted
banner with respect to the
reason and consequence due to
blessings bestowed by Buddha
excess interest in logic, lacking
when one's mind becomes
instructions, untrue instructions,
thoroughly pure.,
being heard by unripened
451
Set of Eleven
person, contest and attitude of utterances pronounced by noble

gaining. person and utterances
pronounced ignoble person.
~rcit·"ll"l <ti'\·1·i{c;·ci1 <ti'\·1·&·i{c;·ci1
1q·q~•'\§)"JIN'r.fl:lt'"J%"] .sj!:;';:l''\~·Q\
tlj ~ IN'"\'3J' <l:J<\' q\ al<\' qi.l_·~c;' Cl'~<\'~'
~'"JIN'~!:;'CI\ oJ'a!<\''li.l.'~c;·q·~<\'~'~'
\ ._.s·&·'\.er\· ci 1 Cllj c;·f oJ<!,J' t·1:1~'1rs·~,·
ol"l:l".l<\ l "-~ r:ii·~<\·'" I Cl,~ r:ii·~<\'"l<!-l"'l.'\oi·
"llN'~!:;'CI\ ~-tlj~IN'"\'al<\''1\ '-'.~'lj'~<\'!'
'"I ~r:ii·i:i;i<!-ll ~r:ii·3l'\I Q,1<!,l·;1oi1
~t!]IN''II ~Cl'CIIN'Cl";j<\ '1) j<\''lfjtlj<!-l''ll
0
Q,11!,l'ol';:!<!-l I !;l<\'3lc;·~·"'<\"1i<\ l !l°i'3J,'

"-~tlj<!-l'Cli.l.'~' t'\'Cllj t!j<!-l''ll Cl.~tlj<!-l"Cl'ol"
oJ'<l:i °i·qi.l_·"'°i"1i°i ~I I
<tic\ ·qi.l_-~· t'\' Cllj r:ii <!,l' qi{! I
~<l>l<:~I YRl4~l11clkl'11f.'l- 'gll-
~<l>l<:~l~EI: ~:- 1-J'f1$J:, '!?,~lc1'j, !,lg111cg~li.'!'j, ~ -
'
31'1.-JJ$J:, ~ : . '341ct11-1s1- &llcf>~Oll-J, c1~Fcl,c/>:, c1lc/>lctR,
·'iag0,<'I>:, 31j41ct11-1sriag9,c/>:, '
ftl,(lcJ:, 3F11<tlcl:, Xi'<lzd:,
~ : . <11<'1>!.lffl~:. ffl~l'f1c/>:, 31fiNa: c. , = =
,,,---,,, '..!i : ', ~ -
4Rcf>f2;qa:, 3114fi$J1:. 3l.-J14fi$11
'J"l~'q I
~I • l11 ~., ~S1=<1>~,~~ ~ g RI q Rt1-
''II(!, J.t<l>I( et; ~ - fim 311 c1 k1-1- ~ '!?,~Ii'!, m
(1-1'1'1$1), 3'fim (311-1'11$1), ~ - 31'(!,~li.'!, ~ 316Ql<l>~ 0 1,
'341ct11-1s1"!ag9,c/>, 3l j41rn 1-1s1- ~P,-
c11icnc/>, \ '
c11q;1ct1( ttl<tlcJ, 31-11;,;ic1,
''id g9,c/>, ~- "c1lq, "If . .
'lif<ltd, 3l'lif<ltd, ~ '!"I
!.! ffl ~. ffl ~ 1'f1 <'I>. q R<'I> R;q a.
Tim 3ffilcITTUT TT 1
3114 fi $11 (3\"T"lt ~ &RT Fc1 $1 ~
"fll1), TIQ.TT 31 '114 fi $11 (3Flm cfi Eleven visualizations of accom-
&RT Fc1 $1 ~ "fll1) I plishment- Virtuous object to
Eleven types of sound- Pleasant, be adopted, non-virtuous object
unpleasant, neither pleasant nor to be discarded, unspecified
unpleasant, conjoined sound object to keep in equanimity,
caused by primary elements, worldly object, !rans-worldly
uncojoined sound caused by object, contaminated object,
pnmary elements, neither uncontaininated object, com-
conjoined nor unconjoined, pounded object, uncompounded
popular sound, philosophical object,· ordinary quality and
expression, imputed sound, extra-ordinary quality.
452
Set of Eleven
and stiipa of converting into

1.1i\~"i'C1!'9%9 !.J '\'&I'~r;.,. !.JQ,.&1$'\ '~"i l charcoal.
sr;· i!ii:i·i"i·rm.·&1¥'\·~"i r i:i'.!J·~.,. tf·&1t;<!I·
~"i·C\~"l·ia·;r\"i·i:i!·9%9
'
s"i. CJ·<f51 '\' -11
~'&1$'j'~"il t,c.,,~<>i'i"j·rm.·&1l'j'~"il 'ii' ~·'\r;·i:i;,;.,·!,J1 i1l&1<!1' ;,;"i·51 ')'!.JI 9~-i·~·
"l<!l'QQ<!l'!.JQ.'&1$'\'~"i 1 "i's"i·i:i i&l<!l'!.JQ,' 'j'lt;'J 9af·i:i·5l'j'!.J1 al'ij'l]''-ll l';\'\'%9·
,
&1$'i'~"i1 ~&l'!.J"-'!"l'QQ,'&1$'j'~"i1 ~· !.Jj ~oj'al'C\d;'j'!.Jl ~'C\,l<!l'&l!:!"i''-11 1'
r;"i'lll<!i'"'"i.,.!.Ja,.&1¥\~"i I ~.,·~9·<.J/,,· V. _...,.. ::i -
.-i:'ll]<!i'!.Jl ~'C\,l<!l'<!I' <!I"-'" <!!'!.JC\ l\
&1$'j'~"il ~<!1'&1'~9'!.JQ,'&1$\~"il ~"l'
i;i tfl~fl 'J.<'ll Gt'll ~<l>I G~IIS2l"f:-
i:i,;_· ~ "-' !.JQ.'&I$'\'~ "i '~l l 3lc!iill, =-ar..,:'
""':b 3l fl fi'l '1,' q ' c1 "51 '1,'
~ : . 3lf.'l,ll:, aifulc/>:, 3lji.Ui;:,
~<l>IG~lf<lEI: ~ : - q,~H-</>~:.
~ : . ~§.illx«tY:, 111,T-
~jcJt61gjq-;61'1, RIRl-:1'1. >!fu-
~ 1R'ls1 l\,1:q:, ~cl 61'1c/>lch·NUl«tY:, f.'11.1 c1 gjq-; c.f ~ I
·4 Gf.'I 11 ~ 1.-J «lY:' RI "1 ll «lY:' i;i cfl ~ fl 'J. <"llG ci, •CQ I~ 15 31d'-
qRf.'lc11°1«1q:, ~:. 3Jc!iill, ~. 3Rf(--c!, Y~<1~.
~.~I ~ . ~ f.'I ('I.I, al fil Ic/>' 3l jW c;'

''-11,s SI<!>" ci, ~ - 1j"'q- 3ljc/J<-61 ~-l:/>c'!, frl:Ri-:1 (~)
~ . ~ . ~§.ill{- TIQJJ ~ fc'I f.'! I.I c1 ~ - ~ I
~ . '11,l~lfc'ls1l\«tq, ~cl61lc/>l- Eleven meanings ol' dependent
cl c1' 0 I«14' 'l1 Gf.'I 11 ~ 1.-J «lY' RI "1 ll- origination- Lacking agent,
~. qRf.'lc1\u1«J;1, ~- having cause, lacking sentient
3lc;S.-J«);i. ~ TI:1.TT beings, dependent, immovable,
~I impermanent, momentary, unin-
Eleven stiipas- Stiipa of heaped terrupted, the result that accord
lotus, stiipa of the enlighten- with the cause, variety and the
ment, stiipa of many doors, cause and result of definite
stupa of great miracles, stiipa of individually
descent from the god-realm,
il9·i"i·"i5l1111.1·r.ri:i!·111%111 19·i:ir ai·19·
stiipa of reconciliation, stiipa of
complete victory, stiipa of Cl\ ':!t;'~'&I' 'l".l"i''-11 "'~ 9'~"j'"l&l'C\'j<!I'
attaining nirvfu;la, stiipa of
burning away the relics, stiipa !.Jj &l'C\'j<!l'!.Jl ~'l]''lil<!lj ~9·511)
of non-burning away the relics
453
Set of Eleven
?!1118i~I. '11Tl'I, ~ . f.'11-1\o"fc1

~ "' ..,
•
. ~°i'3..,J c_·3J'·""°i·c.ia_·"' ,,ri,i 11 1;ci q,f.'ir'iacl~lctctT I
The eleven types of beings in the
'l i, I <11 '1 'f<l II I c; :t I 311 <'1 >iii '11 f.1- Desir~ Realm- Hell beings,
~ u q 'i, 'C(f(I:,31cl.lli/5'1011-j, hungry ghosts, animals, human
' '
C"lli/51ct1,9, " "
31C"llcfilct1,9. xil{lcl'j, beings, demi-gods, four great
31'11{1cl'j, '<i~<1'i, 31fl«fi<1'l, kings, the gods of Triiyatrimsa
~:.~1 (Heaven of Thirty-three), Yiima
'161'11'1 et ''11~6 311<'1"'1'1
(the gods of non-combat),
T<f, 'C(f(I, 31cl.l li/5, 01, c11<1> ' ~ ct1,, TuJita (the gods of Tu~ita
' ' heaven),/Nirmii,;zarati (the gods
31C'1lcfilct'1'1, '<il'Olq, 31'11'(,lcl,
enJoying emanation) and
fj f<l>c<i, 31• fj fC <1, X1ltfRU[ ~
Paranirmitavasavartz (the gods
~ 3ffilcfRUT ~ I controlling other's emanations).
Eleven objects of Mahiiyiina-
Virtue, non-virtue, unspecified ~sr'iq"'·qi·"lill!J t.,,_''i""-'f r'i·q~·~·
phenomena, !rans-worldly,
worldly, contaminated, uncon- 'i""-'f \l&''i""-'f ~"1'':jQ.''iQt:;'f £1,·
taminated, compounded, uncom- ~-'i«c_·r ~l'f«·121°i·~·1«c_·r ~l!J"I·~·
pounded, ordinary qualities and
extra-ordinary qualities. 'i'<t;'f ~t;''<1f°i''it;''i':Jl!J"l'~''i'<t;'f {t
<1.\'i'CfQt'IIJilllJ '\~"l'Q\ r.\)·)'lj"I\ ~'\' "5 "1 ' 5'lj "I'~·1«,:;·r I 1·c.ia.·q5"1'~~"I·
"-ir .:ir l3J'r.ll°ir !ai·cri°i·2f·q~.;_. ~''i""-'f l"l°it:;'~''i'lt:;'f
t."lr ~3J·i·~"l~3J·c.ir "'~q·o1ai1 'i"l"-' 11<1>1c::t114m: E1c1~~<1>1:-
~ = . ~ = . ~-
~°ii "-~ai·'i"l"-1 "l"l°i'"-~"1 '\'l"-'S'i' '4-i!5:, "E'UcT~:. ~:.
\11 ~:. ~:,
cl.I li/5'1 ol~cl Ifl!.I ~cl If! I~:. qii[-
11 i/51 c; :t I: q, 1>1 i: - '11'1 i/51:, 'llcll, ~:. ~ : . ~-
Rli:hi:, 'lj'<ll:, 3I"WT=. ill\j,4t:1- ~~i!5~'<1RI I
'11"1i/51n:1i/51:, ?!ll18i~11:, "11T'!T:, • R et "f.fc---31 ~ ~ <Ii
~ : , f.'11-1\01'1<1'-1:, q,f.'lr\acl~I 'GR qi'] ~. lJcgc qi[
c1Rl-1~'<1RI I ~. q(jl qi'] ~. "E1'UcT
• T'l- "R'"i/5, IIB, RI 4~. qi'] ~. "IT', qi'] ~.

cl (tl I'i:U 4 qi'] ~' i:,.=;T qi[
'l j'<l, 31W, ii I\j,4 t; 1'1101 i/51 n:1 i/5,
~. cl.I Ii/5, oI i:[q VcITT!-
454
Set of Eleven
<ITT ~ ' ~'---1'@ <ITT

1,1 ,q I 'tt c;Rt:1j_dHi cb<'<11Dllj. ~
~. 'q<l"f-1'@ <ITT ~ cb<'<11"1'i. fl'i,i/11 i'llflc/51'1111
' . .
crm~<ITT~I c/>("l.!IUl't, flll~HHI c/5<'<11"1'1,
Eleven types of vase empower- ~ cb<'<11•1>i,. m-
ment- Water empowerment, t, 141 cb <'<11 oi ilfi'r I
crown empowerment, vajra oil~ fl-fil <!ft' 3ITT' 'fl' flp-1} ufR
empowerment, bell empower- c1TR I ii 1,t: '\li'f>R ~ 111 fll r
ment, name empowerment, <t> <"'I I u I q, f% d .'f cITTlJ c/5 , 11
vajra-master empowerment, ~ ~:'ci\ lllflll41 <ITT fi'r:, il111,
mantra empowerment, predict- \Cl 41 ~ .'f 31 $11 "'11 <ITT c/> ("I.I I u I
tion and breath empowerment,
c/5i!1 I, 4i!c/5<'<1 I01 <ITT ffl q\,!1 I.
vajra-practice empowerment,
empowerment related to austere
a
'11'<! x'\ 311 Fc\, a'i <ITT c/5 <'<11 oI
practice and perm1ss1on
cb, 11, m x'\ Yl ~ dl <ITT q, <'<11 oI
ct>,"11, (jqq,,of'i x'\ c;Rt:1 <ITT
empowerment.
c/5 <'<11 oI q, , 11. ffl <ITT c/5 <'<11 oI
9i.·,i:ril11111·1r.i111·il11111·~·!·~'\·i("l'Clij' c/> , "11, f>I <'1'!j,<'1 cb, ~ c!l1'
~i8c/5) <ITT cf,(>'<1101 qj,!'11, flhQc/5
9%9 g·ci·g'\' CJ''\'-'i l!j'ci ~"I'~Ill'!!]>I"' "' '
~ cf@'T <ITT cb <'<11 oI c/5, 11,
QO;~'\·s '\'CJ i ~Qlll'"l'&Je:.111·r.ii.l.\·'i"s1·r.i1 fi'rviT ~ cf@'T <ITT q, <'<11 oI
"', 11 crm '*.[% cfi <R'I x'l ~
"Ii\.t.\~l!J 111 ·CJ/.l.·\'I·g'\' CJ I t.\~ 9111 ·CJ111· ~ 'I.
<ITT cf,6'<11°1 cb,111
tJi.l.·\'1·s "i·tJ I ~· e:.'I·~111·"l,i"·cii.l.·\•'i'S"i· The Bodhisattva's eleven ways
of doing welfare to others-
tJ I cJ:f·s1·~111·oii.111·tJi.l.·\i\·s'\''ll 9'1111· Performing action and helping
(.\a;t.\·r:i"·s1·CJ/.l.\-i·s1·tJ1 Z<J~-i.tJ"-' those who are afflicted by
suffering, performing welfare to
t.\\ '\. r.ii.l..\I\.S'\'CJ I <IJ'-.'\l!J' ~l!J 111·tJ/.l. \ '\' those who are ignorant of
means, performing welfare to
S'\''ll afl!J'<.i"-'~ll1111·tJ/.l.·\-i·s1·tJ1 ~· those who are in need of help,
performing welfare to those
t.\~"1·~·(·'1111\'l·s1·tJit1 I
who are oppressed by fear,
ifi ~fl-fil I •11 I t;~I f<lEI: 'R- performing welfare to those
<!,.,.ll J•J fcl ~:-
q,fgac/51.tl ~:ftr- who are overcome by distress,
ll1fll11i ~:. 31$11dl41l!Hi performing welfare to those
c/5<'<11"1'1., ~ cb<'<11°1c/51l1'1,, who lack material objects,
'11llldfcba11i c/5<'<11"1'1, ~ncil1 performing welfare to those
' who are homeless, performing
cft~a11i c/5<'<11"1'1., '34c/5,cl):
455
Set of Eleven
welfare to those who seek to • 'I I ~ i, 'll'<l>'R "'(ij'Cf- 'q~ ,; f.'l: ll,
live in harmony, performing ~ ,; f.<; 11, '11 R:J c/J I ,; f.'l: ll,
welfare to those who wish to R;-J qc\ I ,; f.<: 11, c/J I11 f.<: 11, "'11,
enter the teachings, performing '!l'T<G. 1,.£:1, ffi.
welfare to those who hold t111i11a.-i I
wrong· views and performing Eleven aggregates of form- Eye,
welfare through miraculous ear, nose, tongue, body, form,
means. sound, smell, odour, tangible
object and abstract forms that
are sources for mental
i<:11 "-\"'151 1 al"l ~·<11 'il ~I ~151 1 consc10usness.
<ll '\. ~-'\<10:. 'J<{I I '\i!IIJ151'<.i'~Ol'<.i'<l~'"lil"l '\9 ''\Z::'SJ''\9 ~~-
,,:<1>1~~1 ~,i1fil1- ~ - m:. oJ' Q'1j"i. ~-~151 ·~·"1151' ''I'.:i'<!j 151 '<.i'<lj ~"'1
1:fTG:, "J<if. fc;j' 1 'j, 'q~:. cf;1lT.
'11 R:J c/J I, R;-J qol I. 'cbl"'l:, +f'1 ,; f.<: UT, '11R:icb!, <11515J'"l Ii a;·<1~ I Q'\"1'1° ~·<11l_·"l ~ a;·?.i·,.r
R;-i qoi 1. 'cbl"'l am .r,, ,; f.<: ,i 1 <ll "i. QQ_' l<I"'. ii1 "i' <.i<l_. ::1.,;·?.i· ~· 1 ~"'.~-<IQ'
Eleven faculties- Mouth, hands,
feet, anus, secret organ, eye, ear, "l~ a;·<i' :ia;·r.i·l<1"''"l"i"l'r.i·<1~ I ~-'\~·
nose, tongue, body and mind
sense faculty.
<l.!;!151'"1~"1151'<1~'"1il"1 SJ"j'~' \<IZ::'<11 ~-
<l<l_''\<IZ::'<11 'i<l_''\QZ::'<11 ~Q_''\QZ::'<11 ci."l"j 151' <iil.·i'if eoJ151' "'\·~'@'\'"I'"-§,;·<IQ'
<11515J'"jlj "i'Q~ ' \Z::'1 1510:151' ~151·~· f <I~'
~151 -~''\QZ::'<ll "1~"1 151 1 ~1 ~1 (1
"'"l's1 a; 151·:;i·:l) oJ"'~ '\.r.JC\.
.... - C'>,~
0
c..
"l ~"1 151 '15111
v' Q~'Q,o151'.:i'11
~<l>IG~I 3llcl><il'11f.'l- ~
~<l>IG~I 'Ylfill- 1'1'~Rf.'<:11'j.
c/J Ifu c/J c/J •:l, S1 i!).~ Ic'l c/J Ifu c/J c/> 4,
.U\ -:1 f.<: 11 'j, '11 R:J c/l f.<: 11 'j.
31&.llcJici cblfuc/Jc/JI{, ti4oJIC'l-
R;-J q~ f.<: 11 'j, c/J I11 f.<: 11 'j, ~ .
1J:~: ,i'<!·<i;I: 4iH-<b,£/l:,
'!l'T<G:, 1,.£:1:, ffi:, f>l ti'.'.&.l'j. tic\144: t1A:J1f°Ga1f.1 i!c<11~
t111i11a.-i ~ I UJ\'11f.1. ai 1<"l c; ~i.-iJ.1 RI 4&1 fiqu1
456
Set of Eleven
~ '3 q I c; I'1 «I> .f./T:, that arise in the mind of noble

3111faqe-i'{i;qu1 tji;i:JIR fl):,gq- persons and the ten powers of
~. ~\j,11 ('<1<1 I'1 i "i1TfuITT: the Buddha.
~:.~er~.
t1 <l I4"1 '11 '1 i fl'i-1 a, '3 «1 ...j
111a111~·1i:.·,ii·111~111 ~111 ~·"1 11 ~1
i1\j,fcrd UIR, ~4f<.l ~ ~<'llf.'l ,~1 111~111~1 ~l ~l (1 ~111·s1 ~·r
~I
i( ~ 311 <'I "1 '1-
• ll I i(6 -11if>-1 '!l,~ I <'I <:J,;·~111·s ~- ~aJ~·-sn
<Ii I111 <Ii q;i:f, 31 '!l, ~ I<'I <Ii I111 <Ii q;i:j. ~ I c; ~ I '(q 4 '(-<I) ""-11 :- 'i'!ig: - ~
31 cl.II i:ft\1 <Ii I111 en q;i:f, ~ I<'1 ' i ~ 1;11011-1 ftii<ql cliTll: ~ ~ :
xl~~~.wfr ' "
'Rl: ffi: ffl: fq$1~~'<1fa I
'
3114 \JJ '1l EITTT fl sq IFil a 'tlR II en 1, 1 ll Ii( 6 "\lq;R ~ *1 q 'f<l>-'4- 'i'lltl,
$ elll"I, 311 <"i c; ~f'1 $ 31 II fa qa, '>11?1, m. ft1 ~<l I, cliTll, -viq,
et '"" .'r ~ (3qlC:1'1-~. ~. 'Rl. "'· m cfm
311 <"i c; ~I '1 $ II fa qa, $ '"'1 '# fq;,J~ I
'tlR ~ . ~ "Qc[ ll<'llll $ Eleven aggregates of form- Eye,
~ en11-11f<l ~ en1< 01 lR ear, nose, tongue, body, form,
~ ~ . wfr 3114"1'11 cfiT sound, smell, taste, touch and
'3 <Y "i fl 'f1 fa '# '3 <Y I c; 'tlR revelatory form.
II en I, $ ellT"I cfm ~ c:"fl' et ;t.11f5·,:ii·9~9 ~1 tl &if ~z::.·1 "-c..aJ·
"if<'!" I
Eleven types of visualization- l:Jf .§'l'l:Jf "-JZ::.''lf ~''lf 'lJZ::.''lf l:J~~·
Virtuous physical activity, non-
virtuous physical activity, <1 f ,faJ""litll
unspecified physical activity,
(1if>IC:~I ~ticclllf.'1- 'J:~. 3JTq:,
the five aggregates related to the
childish people, four medita- TI'\JJ':. am:
'"C!,
. ~au Ii;i:J Ii' . en ~ Ii;i:J Ii' .
tions of the noble persons, the <'I Ui;i:11-1, H{>i;i:11-j, nl~\)+=amli, ft1 El ff! I,
~ ' ,b ' '
five compulsive aggregates h'[I11-nq~1,~1I ~ I

which are not the antidotes of 1 llli(6 S(ifj(i( ~ ~1Si:!<11"- ~ .
the self-oriented view, the four vl<'l, TI"'1', c!T<J. 'i 5,i;i:J , <Ii Ifd "'1,
close-contemplations as the <'l'!j,i;i:l, '.),{>i;i:l, ftit1ffll, ~ (f'I.IT
antidotes of that, the Desire
Realm etc. that depends upon <FJTI
!he cause and condition, the Eleven types of tangible objects-
thatness · that does not rely on Earth, water, fire, wind,
the cause, the four meditations smoothness, roughness, light-
457
Set of Eleven
ness, heaviness, coldness, q_"" II ~ 1 ll I ~ i; 311 C1 kl 'i - cft'i

hunger and thirst. cITTc'I cf;T 311 "1 Rl 'i, ~
'
!l '\'<la''\sl"JIN'r.f<lii'"J~ 'l.'\ Ol'&J'r{<: o,· '\. 311 "1 Rl 'i, -.rrtu 311 "1 Rl 'i, ~
311 "1 Rl 'i, '1&+1 311 "1 Rl 'i, cg-

~· "1~"' r s·"'f·"1 ~ ., r "'"1 "1 ~ .\ll r
111 •!'f
311 "1 Rl 'i, !.1°Tla 311"1Rl'i, ~
c::a;·r.ir ~·~"'·r.ir !c::·~c::·i:ir ~"l·li:ir{n 311 "1Rl'i am Pi 0c: 311 e1 Rl --1 1
Eleven objectives of craving-
<{"'ll<ll'l ll<l>G'll~El'l 3ll<'lkl'i'l-
Craving with respect to the
Gi c/J I"11 c•P~ 'i 't, 3lUl I<"11 "1 Rl 'i 't, three times, internal cravings,
<11$.11"1Rl'i't, ~"11"1Rl'i't, x1~-
external cravings, coarse
"1Rl'i't, ct,t;Jc1'"1'"1'i, !,10Tlci1"1-
cravings, subtle cravings, bad
Rl 'i 'l,, c ~ IC1 Rl 'i 'l,, f.'I c/J c I"1 Rl '1
" cravings, distant cravings and
~I
close cravings.
458
Set of Twelve
Cl"]Cl,'lff'\SIGl'<I . "l'Sl'Qi'lff'Z)Cf <If Q' a·11i'\'':li'lff'Z)Cf <If' '!'Oli'\f ~·,:ic,,·g·
'\&lllf ·li',;·&lf o,J'.., %.., ·"i"''l' ~·'ll ·~r o,J' 3li 11 t1l.·g·&Ji 1: ~a·g·&Ji 11 ~~·
..,i..,·{l"-Q'<:Jr;"i'&lf '1;'~'5'\'~QJ'&lf ig·&Ji'\f ~'\·~·g·&Ji'\I llf~llf~·~·

'lf5l'Sllf'<:J~'&Jf 'lf~·5~·o,Ja,"i·&Jf ,;,:: g·&Ji'\[ ~a·a·&Ji11 ~a·g·"li'\f
§r:::· ~Qj'o-,J I 'lf"l- 'o\Ol'i<lf""''llf
..... v
~· il"i I 'lJ'i-<l' ~·s·31i'\1 ~..,·5a·g·11i'\1 tc·~·s·
llf"ii<l·~·o,Jr 'lf5l'1'"1f 'lf~·~·.,,·~~r Oli'\'~11
QJ' { 1·ll'l·s·t ~·J"i·~r r i:r 1.-: ~ 11,i cFll f.'I 'cl~'! 1,i a '111,. ~-
,ia.-i11,. 1;.110111.1a.-i11,. fGi~o111.1a.-i11,.
c/>llllllc1'1'1, 'lf'l3lllld'1'1, '<'iYl'-1
' '
cf'11'!. ~liic;lllc1'111,. ~.
,,: 'ii 11.1 a '111,. +J.1 tc ell I'-I a '111,.
1c1 >i Ill a '1. "afcr I
,i1,,:i; 311,ia.-i '
'c!~x11.1c1'1. ~c:i11.1
\'1'1', 1;.110111.1c1'1. fGi~<lllld'1,
cfi Ill Ill c1 '1, lf'1'3l Ill c1 '1, '<'i q Ill c1 '1,
~liic;llld'1, ~ . x·Hllld'1,
,-\.I tc ell I'-I a '1 <f2Tf lc1 >i Ill a '1 I
Twelve sources of perception-
Eye source of perception, ear
source of perception, nose
source of perception, tongue
Twelve Taras of the Kadampa source of perception, body
tradition- ParvatI, Eka-matra- source of perception, mind
SridevI, Ekamatra-Vajra- source of perception, visible
UpastabdhadevI, Dhumiivafi- form source of perception,
devI, CaturbhiljadevI, sound source of perception,
KaliilganI-devI, smell source of perception, taste
SvayambhildevI, Digam- source of perception, tangible
baradevI, RevatidevI, Cai:ic,lika- object of perception and
devf, Ekaja~fdevf and Latod phenomenal source of percep-
Achi Chosdon. tion.
459
Set of Twelve
arr:i~'lll'IJ~l ~i:r . SJJ m-

~lll'<J<lS"ll '1]'1f (7'°-'S"JI
S'3Jll.'S"ll ~z:;·~'S"ll ~lll'<IO.'S"ll '3ql!l'i-

"ilffr I
"l,a.·s"J1 ti~'i·~·@"l1 s"J·<Ja.·@aJ1 i!li{i5 Yifili{
-i,a.·s"J·.r11 ~-cglllc1,
~-cglllc1,
a1c;::i1 i{l:tlll: (i{1fl1'<'1w1fll1)- ~:.
~-cg lll c1, 'fl'l_fcl2.!Ff-cg~lc1,
~:. fi't~. i.f>cfic::, ~:. 'cf>""<!T,
qi{'il~ cglllc1, '3({1fcti~Rlc11'+!-
WIT, q~'ili.f>:, ~:. lfiITT':, ~ .
cglllc1, '
~111'1-cglllc1, '
'3qi.f>1~1-
&jl'HilRI I
i!li{i5 i{lflllli (il1fl1'ilw}- ~. cglllc1, qRi.11t;i.f>-cg~1c1. Mar-
~. ti'tl'fl. i.f>cfic:, ~ . i.f>..:/11, cg:t1c1. '3ql!l'i-cg~lc1 ~
WIT, q~'il i.f>. '1l:1 lfiITT', ~ f.'t ISl.1 'i:;- cgll Ic1 I
c!l?TT .fR I Twelve types of virtues- Natural
Twelve signs of the zodiac- virtue, related virtue, concor-
Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, dant virtue, motivated virtue,
Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, ultimate virtue, virtue acquired
Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aqua- by birth, virtue acquired through
rious and Pisces. learning, beneficial virtue, fully
acquired virtue, antidotal virtue,
19''1'~&l'<J''lt'lll:;~1 f 2f ~1'~''i.Qj''ll fully pacified virtue and virtue
cong-ruent with its cause.
"-S"l'Z:Jo.·~·'i.Q'\' ll l ~·1!:\'"-S"l''l°-''i~''ll
;,l'i·iz:;·~·'i~·'lr ?\"-i''i"J·~·'i.Qj''lj a· "-~llj''l~'i''lt'lll:;~1 "Ja;'i·~1·~·o_<lf"l'Qf
Q~'-.r'l'<JO.''i~''ll i"-''lO.''i~''lj '4-i' ~Q'<JO.'Q,~"l'<lj 'l~O.'"-~"l'<lf ?\"~''ioi'
"-?\"llj~'<JO.''i~ ''lj a:r,:;~· ~·~'i'<J0.'1~·

- 't:
'lj "l~'i·.;1:l,·'i~''lj l'l"-'~'Z:JO.''i~''lj <ij UJ!:;~''!i'o. llj~'<JQ,'Q,"lll]'<lj
c,.,-
~·"J~'i·~·'i~·'l;{II "'~"l'<lj ~'i'al'i'"-<lf"l'<lf
t;li;.l!] '!l,lll<.'11f.'I- ~-
"'~"l'<lf 'llll]'al'i'"-~"l'<lj ~'i'<i"-'1'
4?....,ll I<'1'i' , fl l<il f.t1 c'1 i.f> ll Ic1 'i,'
.:,
Q,'4"] ~'<JQ_'Q,<1f"l' CJ l ~ "J' 'lJ!:; ~. <JO.'o_<lfII]'
31.f~
..;
~ c'1 i.f>-.:>ll I <.'1 'i,' ,:n:r-<;€.11
''..:!,'
'i i.f>.:, ll Ic1 'i,'
TTq=q'i~l~oT=cg=ll1=c1rn'j, <Ji{fl
460
Set of Twelve
Ii I c; 't I lc.l tt <ell I f.'t- cs!ffUI- ~R'ifc1R4'l, "1ciiF~'ll:, ~:.

'
A--,\.,:
,..,'(ltt, ~ ~ ' : fi ci, a f.! ,lief: ,
"l~l'(J"1'(1tt, ~:' 1lfc'ri:rm:' '1E[:' ~ . '.!<;,'.!G°
qx1-J 1clf.l ..!1,:r:. ai qR'I"lf.i ,11ef:, --M'[ I
qRio\f.1..!1t1 ' tt Ici-s;il'ilxf.l ~lief:, iITT6' ''11 ll) q 'i 1-r- 'iTm, 'l ~ R1,
==c-rrc'°">c-rn'
31'-1 ci-s' cf> I'1 i'i xllef:, iii Iii ~I\ qAil
p, ' llef:
1T.£.J4'-1'1'1, ~ - c;c:\01~R'IR1R4,
(t1i q~ :i) qf.l ,it1: ). f.! ii q~, qf.l ,it1:, ~-il-i:'ll, ~- ~.
(f.i '{iq ~ ~I qf.l ..!1t1:) Fc1 ~I t-c f.l~llef ' 1lfc'ri:rm. '1ET, ~ TI~ '.!".'.!< I
q<1\,if.1,1ii~-i1R'I I Twelve examples of illusory
<llili! ~Er "tt<"ll"- csaiu1f.1,'11ef. natures- An illusion, a mirage,
~- tt1c/,R,q,f.i,11ef, city of smell-eater (Gandharva-
q,1-J1clf.i..!11ef, aiqRioif.lililef. m- nagara), a rainbow, a reflection
'1"lf.ixit1, tt Ic1cf>l '1 f.l,'llef, 3ffi'i- in a mirror, a reflection of the
cf> Ix f.ixllef, tt1c1~1qf.i,ilef, (f11q~- moon in the water, an echo, a
~l'lf.i'<11ef), f.lxc1:il'lf.i,1t1, (f.i'{>q- dream, hallucination, cloud, a
fu~1qf.l,1t1). Fc1~1t-cf.ifllef ~ bolt of lightning and water
q,ij,if.i..i11ef I bubble.
Twelve types of truth of
cessation- Characteristic cessa- 1:1{•:r(51'"l51''1~'"1~1111 l~. g-'1i'c::.1!1"'l:l'<I{
tion, profound cessation, CJJ 1al9111·.i:11·~&1'r.J'~di"~'CJ{CJJ ~"\·%·
symbolic cessation, ultimate
cessation, imperfect cessation, 11,1·ili'9''-JQ.'&l<li"\'~ 1'ix\'~'CJ{CJJ \'1'1&1'
perfecte cessation, adorned
cessation, unadorned cessation, '-1"-'C::li'·~ 1·~111·1i:! 'l' -JQ,'CJ f CJJ 1!1C,1!1"
residual cessation, non-residual ...,.. ,:,,. <:\. -
! 1!1 '1 C,' CJl!11' "\&11!1'"-C::.. CJ"]'\':ii\'r.J'l.'CJ~-CJ 1
cessation, exalted cessation and
nominal cessation. ~CJ1!1 'OJ·&If 111•r.J<>. ·CJ f CJ 1 &l<li"\'!,r.i:I 1·r.J<>.·
l"'!l.·1<l'.~51'!!]C.1!1''1~'"1~ 1111 l&ll ~9· CJfCJJ 111 c::. 111·! 111·~· 1c::.·~c.·1~ 111·r.J·~ 111·s·
ll ~-!13-·ffi'i:.·s"'l CJ1fs'l·~-9~1 .:i· CJQ.'t:1{CJ1 fol1!1'9'l:\"l'~'ol'9if91!1''-JQ,'
ai'c::. 'l"·~-iq~9111·CJ~'1 I t· :ill s9·~1 &· CJ{CJJ CJ .:i'1'"\&11!1'i 'I'<l'Cl.§".CJQ,' CJ f CJ'
OJ&1J al9·'1f"'l ~'11 f 9 t'S"-'~ 111 • tC::.'';)'1 CJ .:i'\ 'I ol1!1' i 'I''J' Cl.§i:. ''IQ.' CJf'I'
S~ll 'l.~c.·1 CJ .:i'1'"\"l1!1' i 'I''J'Cl.§" 'CJQ,' CJ f CJ'
1,1c;:t1 'ilmQJJI:- 'iTm, ''1'~11
~-~:. <;411[-
461
Set of Twelve
111 '.;l,<1:tlj!;l'il<1- qRoJl'lOJI,

" 'iiiI
~ 4 fff14 Ro 11'10J I, 3m~,i=g=~='l~'11maf-
~1·<1,.,.u;·!·z:i f z:i I &1·1&1i::i 11r<ill.·&,31•<I'
~ ~HI, "IU1'1'.;'('i'l- '11•f~~l'11,
u;·! ·z:i f z:i 1 ~ 3Jl!I's'l·i·i!J·ar'lJ·<1·1i::.·1 '3 rn '1 '.;'<' 'l 'l I' f~~I "l li I f.'I to Jq, c'I
'ljrn,'li'li </\'Ii Rl'll~rn 1~ qR 0111-1-
1il<\'<I'<.{<ljl!l'<lll.·&,i!J'<l'Ui 1 ~ ·z:i~i\'
~ 1
~ 'lj ,,r<ill.·1 9·z:ill.·~z:ill.· l 'ljl!I'~-,;i::,·z:i~i\· "ifR6" q R• 11 JJ "t 1"111<1"t1>11 •f-

cg,1 <:>1- 'J;"14Ru111111
:ii\'<l'1i::.·1 ~ z:i l!I'"I'i!Jf l!I'<I''\ i::.. <l~l!I' r.i· 1i::.·1 31 j4 c'1 l'l-l Iif> Ix q RO 11 'l OJ I, 3lfct-
3J<'6°i\'i!J'3l1·r.i·1i::.·1 l!lt:.l!l'*l!l'~l!l'il!I'~' q lif f1 <'l!H 014 Ro 11 '1 '1 I (31 filq 11\-
x1 Rl'ci), q,111clfclfclcR1 qR01111'11,
'l)i\t:.'<l'1t:.·1 fl3Jl!l'<lj~i!J'~'i!f<ljij<ljl!l'rJ' Tii2.l I' Id <!!,~I c'1 'j_c•i, tJ ~
~ qRu11110J1, f1i41<1cJ?i~1c'l-
1i::.·1 il!l'';;I~t:.·~q·"131 '{'1''J'1t:.·1 §1!1'
qR011110J1, 31f.'lfrlct1- qR0111-111,
!;!'Cl,Qt:.'~'"li!J' {'1'<l'1t:.·1 il!I'!:!'ii\·~· '.'),41jii11t14ROJJ'10JI, ~-
~qf<'aqR011'10JI, 3,tJl-'1- '.;'<''ll-ll'l-
"I i!J' {<\'<ill.·31 ~,;·ci.511!1· !:!'al'i\·3l 1·<:ll.{'lj l!I'
q RO 11'10J I, "lU11-1 '.;'<' q '!T'f-
si::.·,,_iz:i·r.i,;·z:ifz:i· ~ ·z:i~·i::i~ 1!1'~1 1 q R 011 'l OJ I Til1ll '1rn'1'.;'6'l-
>11•fqR01111<11 I
Ii'"~· q ROii JJ"l l'li I •Fll 'l I •If:- m
i:!!,~I c'1'j_<'I q RO 11 'l"l I, 31 jY c'1 l'l-l Iif> I{- Fcl~10c,-qR011'lOJI, ~ -
qR011>1.-J I, 31 fil 4 lif f1<"11/1014 R q R 011 i:iOJ 1, 31fcl 4liff1 Rlm-
u111-i'i I, 4{'l 111,Jfil Fil cffi 4 Ru111-1.-J I,
q Ro1111<11, fclfclcffi 4R"ll'1'11,
cW1 I' Id <!!,~I <"1 'j;<:11 tJ«P1 IcJ x''N °14 R Til2.l I' Ia'!/,~ I"1-'j_c1i tJ {11'1-J IcJ fJ.-1 { ol-
u111-i'i I, '/i'I 4 lllcJ?i ~ I<'I 4 RoJ J'1.-J I,
qR011'10J I, f114JllcJ>i~lc'l-
31f.'Ir'lct14 Ru111-1.-J I, '.'),4 ljiil Id q Ru1 I'1.-J I, 31 f.'I r'lrn 4 Ru1 I'1'11,
4 R "11 '1.-J I, "*41 jif> rn 4 f<'a 4 R 01I'lOJ I,
'.'),41jii11t14R 011'10JI, ~-
3m '1 '.).{' q '11' f 4 Ro 11 '1.-J I, l'JUlll-
~ 4 R'a 4 Ru11 '10J I, 3f"cl'l '.;'<''l'11'f-
'.;'<' tj '11 'f q RO 11 'l OJ I, '3 ct'l 'l '.;'<' tj ~ ~I OJ I4 R 01 I'10J I, "lU1 '1 '.l,'<''l'1 I'l-
111•fqR011'lOJI ~ I ~ ~I OJ I- qR011110J1 W,11
q[
'1rn'1'.).'<''l '11'f~~IOJI <li
Fil~l 'c-4 R"ll'lOJ I, 31 j4 c'11'l-l Iif> lx-
4' c>1 ~ "' Y f.'I to I- q, <'I '\
Fcl Fcl cffi 4 Ru 11'10J I, cfi2.l I' Ia cg~l "1
4R"ll'lOJI I
'j_c1i tJ «r>i IcJ fJ.-1 { oI'1, The twelve path of meditation
'Iii 4 Ili i!>'1 ~ I<"1 '1, 31+-'f.'i'"'r'l"'rn~q,+-,Rmu~1111~0J~1.
' of dedication- Dedication of all
462
Set of Twelve
the roots of virtue, dedication ~·i:i~"i'<l'Q ·1:1~·..,,~, i111·

free from visualization of truly
existent nature, dedication CJ~<>1·1:11 f <:.''<1 "l'\"1'~'\.'laJJ ~9''<1 lQ'r.JJ o.qj'111·r.J1
views, dedication devoid of
ultimate nature, dedication ~-QI ~!'\3J''<~11
recollectting Buddha, merits
and the nature, dedication that is 'tltJ.~llfti,lll.-Ji i,IC:~I 'tlsl>lfill
skillful in means, signless ~:~. ~~'1- ~i:lc'l-ll'j, ,~jc;ll:,
dedication, dedication enjoined ~:. ~,ll ll:,"l'T'f:, fcrm, fuf.&:.
by the Buddhas, dedication f.'R'\cl:. ~11f.'fi:. ~a'f1a~ilR'I I
beyond the three realms, lesser "<ITT' mti,llr .t
iSfR6 ~ -
dedication producing great ~:B. ~ - ~i:lc'l-ll, fijC:ll, ~
merits, mediocre dedication ~,ll ll, "l'T'f. fcrm. fuf.&. f.'R'lcl.
producing greatter merits and ~ II f.'a ('11211 ~ 0 'f1 a I
great dedication producing The twelve cycles of the Four
greatest merits. Noble Truths- Suffering,
OR empty, selflessness, origin of
Special dedication, dedication suffering, cause, condition,
free from visualization of truly path, knowledge, achievement,
existent nature, the absence of cessation, peace and excellence.
wrong views, aspect of , ·fi\"-·i·'\"l"·~·s~-r.J~· .11·Q·Q~·.., ~ ~, aJaf·
isolation, recollecting the nature
of accumulations accruing from ,i\'"ll ~<>I' ,i\'"ll 3J~' ,i\'"ll '\<!',i\'"ll "i9'
root of merits of the Tathagata, <I' ,i\'"ll ~-..,, ,i!'<ll {"i' ,i\'"ll ~ ~\ ,i\'"ll
being skillful 1n means,
gf CJ~"i' ,i\''ll ijaJ~' f '\' ,i\''ll ~' l;\"-' ,i\''ll
signlessness, being enjoined by
the Buddhas, dedication beyond ~"i-~9· .i!'CJ'<:JiS~·a:11
the three realms, lesser dedica-
~Rllll:!,tli~ 0 1 Eil'<~I 'll'tll:-
tion producing great merits,
'll'f~'f1~: ('lr•f~r,). i:fii:r:, "ll<T:,
middle dedication producing
'hl<"'J'i:, 'i'f;f:, ~~ll<Sl:, ~:.
great merits and greatter dedica-
~:. ~:. ~:. 31[~cj..-{:,
tion producing greatest merits
cfi IFihh ~tj RI I
for the attainment of the unsure-
passable result like complete
"inRlll .tai:1,t11~ <11~15 ll'Ttl'-
3El e; oI, i:fii:r, 'l-JTET, 'h I<"'J'i, 'i'f;f,
Buddhahood.
463
Set of Twelve
~~11\'.Sl, ~. ~. -'>TfclUT, noon, sunset, dusk, evening,

'+I I S: 4 c;, 311 ~<I '1 d"ll.TT qj IR! qj I night, midnight and after night.
The twelve months according to ~ ·~'II'c!\'~'<l""'<l~"J'<l~'"i'l\"-'<1'<1~'"1;lllJ
Astrology- Marg3.<!fr~a, PalL'!a,
Magha, Phalgui:ia, Caitra "ir::_'q'i!Jf""'~'~· cljl!,l'i!Ji°r::_l!,l J ll]~~·r.i·
(April), Bitisakha, Jye~!ha,
i!Jf"I 'f.:!r::_. ~" 'i!J' ci tci I ll] '!ii!J·r.i·3l. ~r::_.a;,c:_·
A~ac;!ha, Sravai:ia, Bhadra,
Asvina and Kiirtika' . ~·i!Jlr::_l!,ll Cl~ ·r.i·3l·<!]~'C1,";i!J'~<l'i~,
;c!\·i\.~·~'11·.i'1·,:i~·111;lllJ °ij'·,;,r::_lll J ~ '"1"I ~·r.i·c,,,il!,l· ~cl\· f 3i' 31·ci~l!,ll ~111·r.i· t"rq/\·
c!\•·ri>lr::_ll,11 ls"iJ S"i'"l"IJ ~ ~<IJ l!,l' Clll]'i!J'~ll]l!,l J Cl~clj'l'.l'.ic!\''JQ.' ~t;'i!J'<I~~,
~"IJ clji!J'S"il ~{lllJ ~ci·31'1 ~"i· Q~·"r"r::_· ~l!,l· ~ t;·i!J·ajc:_l!,l' "i':rr.i\~'11·
"F"I S"i'"l"l'Clol!,l' ~II cil!,l·ci5r::_·1 Q~·r.i·~t;·i!J·aj·i!J"'~"IJ "~·
~<f>'(-<l lJ,.OlfITT\!l';lt'Q !ilG~I 111 ~ll] 'l'.l' l'.l'j'"-'ji!J' 'li!J' l',/';jl!,l J 'l~'ll]~ ~·r.i·
1-J 1•11:- '31f:c!>R1:, 'ij,4lc;.Q:, ID<,:,
~:, i:JU!Tia:, 314,1$, 'ij,lllffl'j, ~i;. i a;,. i!Jf' 'f'"I'~"I'CJ'CJ ol!,l' ~11
. : . ~.urr. ffl:, ~ : . 311 'tl Iif RI <'fl c) "'l' '11 {1 4 I ~"'I
314,"-;t~'tl I
~ 'I,.uf ~-~
1-JT'T-
*
i31ff: c!>R1' 'ij,41 c; ;q ' ID<,:'
<ITT'6
'3 4 fa be. I f.'I
cf,l'lffll1-
i, I c; ~ I ~lili"{-
c:>f~l\'.Sl"i:I
.,, '
4<:11~.'
~cf<l,f'll i'/J~ c'I c/i.-J i\tr:, 31 fi'.-Jcgo:g
~. i:JU!Tia, 314" iii, ,-r1.1\«1' ~4<:1-i't, ~ a ' ! U T ' j.
• . ~ . ffl, ~ d"ll.TT '3<ii <I I<lfl ~ ,tjj "1'1q14'1,, ""1 '1·'1°1-
314x'i!lf1 I !5' o1'l , ~l-J...,f.',j~.,,--",;~1i,~,~ul~'l , i/lll-Ri
morning, forenoon, noon, after- ,11qj,Ol'j, '[ITT'( X~ l-J0,i;c'l14Uj
Yftl<1>1 cl> 31j*1t, ~ 11ci ~ ~I

~ 1I"f ~ "ff i3cR'f '>TI c ~~ft~ 311 'tl I~' RI c'I) q I <!ft' 3ITT ~
~ ii .,;ft ~ t ~ i3,1R '11 {1 4 I qi)- ~ 1'flt iITT6'
'3 0<'!"1 f<nirr 1fllT t I ~ <!GT lft ~l<f)x '3 't,I 'i ~
'il>TU- et
~ ~ cf>T 3f'<R W<n I t ~ '1' Dc'll'I ~ . 3!IR 'F
As per the calendar, the Hindi and
English months exactly do not fall
cf)l ~ '1° 'ltc;T, 3I fr.-l 'g O,s fi
as given against the Tibetan month. De'! IT
It has been found that a difference of '+fal"T fcni:rr, '3 <ii lx, fc1 $11.-J, .-J llifi4,
3l 46, 0I Fcl,m, ffi fc1 cll 5 Fcl,m, 3ll<1d.-J, ~. i1c;.-i1, ~.
~ fwr <ITT ~ ~ "lffi, '3 q Ic; 1.-J , 'l'!cl, "1m'r ol!TI uN Ili , oI I
~ ~ <ITT T' cfj ~ 'lfc Twelve links of dependent origi-
Fcl,m, ffi <oT ~ -~ -i:/ \.I 111 1 1 nation- Ignorance, connective
fcl,m ol!TI fc1 ~ 11 c'I ~ c; l'1 -tj li o,,; c'I action, consciousness, name and
3lfitfr fcl,m I form, source of perception,
The twelve hardships employed contact, feeling, craving,
by Acharya _Tilopa to Acharya clinging, existence, birth and
Naropa- He jumped from the aging & dying.
top of castle, he pierced his ~°'i'"-SQ1'!'1<l·i'111·tit'"!~ IN 1 "1°'i"3J'QJi::. tl I
kidney with a sharp-lipped
stick, he ju1nped into confla- ra.iF°'il ~~;~i:: f i::·~·l:l.~tl\~r<11 ~·
gration, he ate impure swamp,
he stole food during the holy z:iis!<::<>l\ f<::"<l'fi::·<11 or31·~1'<ll alz:ii·
occasion, he stole the wife of ,,ra.i11:l.-~tlJ. <i J §l!,l '~-,1;i::. ~ l!,l'tl\,i,ti I
king, he deprived the wife of a
m1n1ster, he got married ~~"l'~C:''jtl)"l:l.~tl)'<ll ~1·a)~·1a.i·a.i1 ~-
himself, he hammered his penis,
he offered his wife to his ':_l'tlil""'l'<ll al·(·~,:,,·ti~JI
master, he used himself as Yo"ifll ili'ji:<11 C:+<-1 GIc; ~I) 4•11 :-
bridge and he offered mai:i<;lala
3'~. ~:. cli'-1~ 0 1
on a large ground.
c J ~ . ~clS'il-\. ~g''ll'[S't,
~~'<l.SQl'Ul~'Qlllj'tl!'ll]~IN\ il.!'~tl\'<1\ Cl,~' ,--Ji Lix,41
..!.,
fci ,s' 'l'-ll-1,' ~ ~ I01 fc14«1 li,'
li i'.l li ct1 ~:. 'li"c'i ~ RI .:ci i
s11 ~a.i·~l!,l1 .ii::·"1~z:iil!,l1 a·a.ii11 ~:. TJfitu\r ffi, ~:,
?.z:ii·<11 ~".'tll ~1'<11 <>l"'i'<ll ~l'<ll ~ Icl cl 6 -1· l'lftr I
\,I J'k;q iii 'j<"l I G <!ft 1: l.ld)~<iililji:<IIC::- 3lfc1'11, IR T1.,; 'i I, ".-Jlcf, {511 "1"I "ER,
i/i«hlx:, fc1$11.-Jli, 'il'i'MY'i, ffi-~ <oT 311~'1'"1, 3lTm -i:/
' '
3ll<1d'"1't, ~=. ilc;-11, ~ . cfR ~ 'll<i"'n, li ~ i(i-Gl'f cfj
'3 q Ic; 1.-J li, 'l'!cl:, "1lft'r:, ,iH Ili, oi cfi Ix OI 'ml "ITT'll, ~ <oT 'ITT'l-
~I
'
m cfiii'..-JI, ~ lif%c'II, ~
465
Set of Twelve
<ITT "'""' "C;q ~ 'ffiR q;'J- c't

u!ATI
The twelve analogies for the
-
"l~-~3i·a.i·i::iil~·~ rr -
twelve links of Dependent !; I G~ I qtj'qJ'iffi; (cl'i'll-~fl!')-
Origination- Ignorance is <ITul cb"l<l'l-i:n cITul m-111-
analogous to a blind old cf<WT.
v
m
•
=ct,~'
v
1--.0-i~,
.
1-i:n. ™
woman, Connecting Karma is
analogous to a potter 1noulding
'T'T-r'll-<rr
' • '
m <T"i'-fu'T-111 J
~ L":£• I~'1 cITul q "1 fi'i:i '.!'f.

a pot, consciousness is analo-
gous to a monkey climbing up a m c:rn. m ,"l u1 '1 ™
tree, name and form are <l' I '11-'R'I, 'cbT'T ".B ~ <IT?i-
i']"'l i/'111' I, 't'l'1' -c'IT c'll'<lT ffl
analogous to a man rowing a
boat, sources of perception is l-J'1R1•1-i:n, +f'l-".B ffl
analogous to a prosperous '1'11Ri"1, cITul ¥F!-lfr ~ I
looking house, contact is oi 1~ 5 q,fll'l<'f (a '1 l-J 1-~fll')-
analogous to a man and woman m cb"l<l'l-'11 cITul m-111-
embracing each other, feeling is cf<WT,
v
m
'
=cg='1cciu1=•1-i:n. ™
analogous to an arrow piercing 'T'T-r'll-<rr
' . '
m
<T"i'- ftrir-111 '
an eye, craving is analogous to a ~ L":£• I ~'1 cITul q "1 r'll '.!'f.
drunken man, grasping is
analogous to a monkey picking
m c:rn. m ,ci\ul'l
<l' I '11-'R'!, 'cbT'T ".B ~ <IT?i-
™
up fruits, existence is analogous i']"'l cf<TI ' I. 't'f"l-c'fT c'll'<lT G1iJl
to a pregnant woman, birth is 'i '1 R1' 1-l'ff, '1'1-".B G1iJj
analogous to the birth of a child
<111'1R-!C'I c!Q:ff cITul ¥F!-l'ff I
and aging and dying is
Twelve female Dharma protec-
analogous to a dead body being
tors- Dorjey Kundragma,
carried to cremation.
Dorjey Yamakyong, Dojrey
<:1~0,'&1"<:!!'"l~~1 \·l':!3i'SJ"l~·a.i1 \:( Kunsangma, Dorjey Gegyi Tso,
Dorjey Chenchig1na, Karag
11JOJll.'"'1'Jc:·1 \l'':!3i'<:i~C:'"'1j \·l Khyungtsun Dorjey Palkyi
Yum, Dorjey Lumo, Mari
z::i~"l~·~·"l"tl ~i:;3i·"l%"l·a.i1 F'"'"l.
Rabjain Dorjey Dagmo Gyal,
~r::·z::i!o,·\.('i<i"r~·~a.ij \:~. ~-.iJJ M Kong Tsun Demo Bodkham
Kyong, Tsanla Loro Dorjey
~·"'i::i·a.sa.i~·\l· SJ"l~·.r· ~"JJ "fc:·i::i[3i· Manchigma, Mantsun Dorjey
~ ·.:f·ri\Fa.i~· Jr::·1 z::i~3i·<>J·af·(·\.( ~3i· Yamosil and Dorjey Yudonma.
466
Set of Twelve
fi f1 " i'j g.-i cl 01-j c'\"'11, g<& cq <Ft

" ...... ~ii\·" I " " ~· ci·ci"lil\'~
"' ~ x'\ l-lSlllM c/i,'11, q{)i:f1
's"'·E_·~c;· ""''Cl"\il\',;·
c/5,, ~ IC'i l--fC'l) <ITT ~ <II '1 I'11, 3lc"l
"
31 Sil\'<ll aj'.il\S"' ~CJ'Q,'i~\r.i1 "-F"-'CJ' ~'WI x'\ l-l S1<'g ~ IC'1 'i<'f "<l>T "fi"i1"ll
aJ'lljljc;·ci1 f ii\'~"' O,J' i5il\'3J'~ il\''-lo.J'"'f._. c/i,'11, ~ cfi ~llf1'1 "<l>T 3l4c/ii.
CJ"-'"-F._. ci1 o.ic; o.i· to.i·"''{\CJ<IJ'CJ t ii\'
m cffi'fT cfi wm "<l>T F-1 c1" "1
c/,, .-i 1. >ft,11 i'! cfIB m cffi'fT <ITT
Q, '!J. <IJ'Q,CJ,;'CJj ~~. ~ ~"'''::,'.J,3lo.J'.,;~·.i) ~· ~llf1'1 i'\ ~ c/,"'11, Qfcltc.'i <ITT
qRqcfcl <11'11'11 TI~ qRqcfcl cJJl"
CJ"''CJ1,._.CJ I ~ll1o.i· ~"'·'::.o.i·~~. ~ iil\·li·
~~ ~
:fin c/i,'11 I
CJ~CJ' CJ l CJ 'Iii\. rJ' "I'CJ !\ii\. r.i· 3,3J <IJ'!ll'I" "''f!I ' The twelve skillful methods of a
Bodhisattva- Being compass-
~"I' CJ j CJ,;' 31,;' ll]il\ O,J' 'J' ~3J<IJ 'CJ 'Iii\' CJ,;'
sionate towards all sentient
"'~~·CJ1 ~ll1o.i·CJ·~oio.i·~il\.CJ"''S\CJ! ~ii\· beings, knowing their natures as
CJ'~3J<IJ. fil'"I' CJ"'. s\r.ii{ll it is, aspiring to attain supreme
enlightenment, not liberating
Ei I C:ltl f<lEI:!, 4 Ill <t>1 :tl ~ 't (<ltfu- hi1nself from the cyclic
iH c'i'Ff'l )- fl 4f1 cci'l 11 i;rfcr existence, capable of taking
q, '() u 11 ~i <-<.J .-.; c1 I, f1 cci'I «l'i I cl «1 repeated rebirths in the cyclic
~~ $11'1't, ~ . existence because he is not
flfll,l,lll'I:, 3lcfc'i~l'1 ,9fll~ under the sway of delusions,
~ ~i ~ u 1+j, g<& 6:1 i-8 l! I 'lf("1":, striving hard for the attainment
qf1 rn c/5 ~ IC'l l--fC'i I'11 l-l 31 ffi l-l "' qoI of Buddhahood, transforming
~
raqR&.c1=t\cf-=.-im't.
" '
3l i><1 q R wrur i=rITT- minor roots of virtue into
'!!. ~ Ic1 {ll ·H5(i1ll:,
g<&~llf1'1l-l4- immeasurable virtue, accumula-
<tcra-: ~ .
~ '
>ft,Qqlf11'11l-l
' ting enormous virtue with little
~llfl~Sc1c1l,oll-J, J1qtffu1\.-ii effort, pacifying anger in those
'
41i1ll'1l-l, YRYcfcll'11'1 '11i1.-i itfcl" I wishing to harm Buddha's
' '
ifTW '341ll<t>1ltl<'I (6'1 ~iHT<l)- doctrine, turning the minds of
"'11 QI IllIfil cfi i;rfcr c/5 fi o11 x'\ those indifferent to the doctrine,
f1 AF'1 '<6'11, QI fil Ill) cfi ~ maturing the minds of those
cJJl" ~~ x'l u11.-i .-i 1, 3l jrn, engaged in the teachings· and
onfu <Ft c/,l'i'il c/i,'11, fi,11, cJJl" liberating those who are
cl!J1T ., ~ . cfc'i ~ i. f6c1 Sl c/5, matured.
467
Set of Twelve
il1· inexhaustible aspect and aspect

without genesis.
<11:l:~i!.l'<Jj a)·i'QQ,'~i!.l'<Jj 1cl.3i'<JQ,'~ol'
'I~~ lll"Q~'"l~Ill f a)II].~."')lll''J ·i. Ill'1'<>1'1'
<ij .:t·1:Jt1:J1:l:~ol'<II IIJ"illl'il1·<11:l.·~ol·<11
~Z::'QQ.'C\)'~ Ill! ~'QQ.''l.)lll''J ·i. "1'<1'<>1~'
"i"l'olf/:l.· ~ol'<J I <l{\1·il1·<i1:l.·~ol'<JJ
~z::.
" "-)'-1'~1 Ill I
QC\. ~Q.''l.)lll''J ·i:_ "1'<1'<>1~'
.:tc::il 1·<11:l.A"l'<JJ "-m''<l'il 1·<11:l.·~ol'<II
~Z::'QQ.'C\)'~lll I ~1:l. ''\)lll''J .i. 111· '1'<>1 ~·
.:t '"'IEIIJ'<i/:l.·~"l·1~'
il\<i/:l.Aol'<J;{ll
"'§ e:: ·l:l/:l.·"'1-~ lllJ cll 1-~-"'1,ir, ·i.,1r<1·
Yl>.l 'l f?I tl fll I '1 i &I C::tll if> I i{l:-
31 fl C: l<b Ix:, 31:J/GIC:lc/,I<:, fi'tclc/,I <lllll'~z::·1:J/:l.·"'1-~ Ill j "li6".3i·l:lolll'~·o,~·
'il?""R:. 31 '1 <Fi c{ .\1 ll Ic/, Ii{: • 3W1T'11-
~lllj oli6".3i'il1·~·"-1'~llll ~;~!;'QQ,'O,~'
'il?""R:. 311 c/, I~ 11 c/, I<: . 3Afi'rc;rr-
'·
QJ Ic/, Ix:. 31'11'1lc/,I<:, 31f.'Pf'1lc/,lx:. ~lllj !'i'l:JQ.'C\)'~lllj i6"1·il1''1Q'O,)'
31'..llt';lc/,lx:, 3fffilllc/,I,:. 31"11fa- •
~ Ill j %· '1J z:: ·3) \<IQ.'"-)'~ Ill'Cl olll' ~n
311 c/, I< ~'<1 fa I
Yl>.l1'f <fi"'l 3lnl ;i-1<-<ff ~ iITT'6" i,IC::tlPclEil ~WI'- ~:fi'IG~fvfl
311 if> I i{- 3Rl(! "c/,T 311 c/, I, , 'flW. '>fl ?ifi'IG ~f"1 I x:i'W,
31 jtG Ic; "c/,T 31 l,c/, I<. . fi'l cl c/, "c/,T '11 ff! c/, 1- fi '1G ~f "11 fiw.
311 c/, I<, 31 '1 cl '1 c{ .--i"l ll "c/,T 311 c/, I'( ft1 ~<I lfi'IG ~f "11 x:l'W,
mm.:i "c/,T 311 c/, I< . 311 c/, 1~ I "c/,T c/, Ill fi '1G ~f "11 fi'm. 'lffi(-
311 c/, "· ~ 311c/,l,. 3ATl'l fi '1G :tf "11 fi'm. f.'1 fli ct-H-i $11,
311 c/, "· 31f.'1,f11 31lc/,I'<. 3EITT, 31 f.'1 fi'kf1 fi $11, 31 'i~ c; IR<l>fi $11,
31 l<bi<, 31efll 311 <1> 1< om 31 '511 fa 31'1 c; IRcf,fi $11, 31 !.I '11 aIff $11,
31 lc/,I< I 311 fi'l-; 5J 't1 "ll fi $11 "<1fc'r I
Twelve aspects of the first three olli{t, y ~ ~ tl·$11/)·- ~ qi
noble truths- Aspect of non- 'fW~ ~ fi'w. <bR qi
existence, aspect of non-
production, aspect of isolation,
'fW~ ~ fi'w. .,fib c(i m
~ ~ fi'w. fti~oll er; ffl ,l
aspect that cannot be repressed,
~ fi'w. "c/,Tll er; 'fW ~ ~
aspect lacking a place, aspect of
space, inexpressible aspect,
fi'w. lf,-J er; 'fW ~ ~ 'ff$11,
f.'1 fi1ct1 fi'w. 31 f.'1 fi1ct1 'ff$11,
nameless aspect, non-going
aspect, non-grasping aspect, 31.--i~c;IR<l> fi'w. 3/'lc;IR<l> 'ff$11,
468
Set of Twelve
31~'11°1 ~ TI:2:!T · 31Jfcl;il.-l1 i!>'1\q I, :!-<j' Iq I, i/,c; '14 I, "(ijlT[-

~I 0'141, '161j<:lqJ TI:2:!T ~1Jlq1 I
Twelve fold aggregates of The twelve Philosophical
discrimination- Discrimination Schools of Tibet- Nyingmapa,
resulting from contact with the Sakyapa, Gelugpa, Jonangpa,
eye, discrimination resulting Sangpa, Drigungpa, Karmapa,
from contact with the ear, Bhulugpa, Kadampa, Zogs-
discrimination resulting fro1n chenpa, Chagchenpa and Sijepa.
contact with the nose, discri-
mination resulting from contact sc:.·ici·ila."''')<:J/3.·ila."'·~·!·\3i·s·,<>i·cili'
with the tongue, discri1nination
"1'"'1 s·<l·S\ 41 t"1·<l~"'I·~" 9a"·
resulting fron1 contact with the
body, discrimination resulting <l'l;'13i s')''JI ~<l<s'"'I' 'i:::"' '<0.''1"'i'S')''JI
from contact with the mind,
discrimination with sign, <43j'"-'1"1"'"0.''\3i'S')'"I "'~"1"'""'~3i'
recognition without signs, ,,a,"13i S') "I ~ri:::3i·~" 9a"-·<lo.·\0i'S')'
limited discrimination, exten-
sive discri1nination, immea- "I UJ'S')'~"·Zi'c:.<s'l:J0.''\3i'S')''JI "13i"'
surable discrimination and
discrimination of nothing what- C\'1;0.'Cl"-'S ')'l:J0.''13i'S')' 41 Zolfi3j''<"-'
soever. "''\')',,a,"\ii\.S')' 4 I UJ i:::. ') 9·~"1" ·40.. '13i.
ij\i·il\c:.'ci'llil\'~i:ra.11"-'cili'"l'"'l ti:::·a.i·i,1 S'1' 4l ai9 4"-·~9"· 40.·s\ 4l &·o.~"'I·
11.r ~\' 4 I ') ~ .':i"1 "'4 I ( "f·4 I ,ii:::<-r 4 I ~·if·3i"'S\ 4 i>."11
c,.1;·~,f.41 "lM 41 ~·':i"1"' 4I <l"l"-' ~ci i:ilC:~1fcll'.i ffi'q-
i!>c<ii!>fa:, c:,s11al.-i1'1
9')a.i"'"I {"1"'i3i· 41 ~9·i3i· 41 ~· <11<"'11"1'1-
,c.c. ~ '
31~:, '3 4 111 cl.! I 'lh, I'11 '1 JTci-
c '
s')·"i>."11 'ij;'fi'r:
c.'
~ :c.'
'l-1-,,11"1
i:
-f<C'b
/mlom1J=J:j
'
31~:, ~rli!>ici\'11'1, 31'~:.
Rloiiid*"l (1-11 cc!~) i:il C:~I C C
'34i!>, 1,r%dl'11'1' 31'~,

0 cR!T-
ffl,4,1~1:- 81-s·liqJ, {lcfi1JqJ, C C
' fuqlf11'11'1' 31'~:, 31cfi/,&1-
,'lcj'IYI, u1'11.s·YJ, ~I.SYI. ~T5·qJ, c. ~C\
'l<:11'11'1 31~:, {l",l~dl'11'1

i!>'1\q I, :!-<j' I q I, c!>c;'1q I, "flll- ' C '
31'~, R1~~"21d1'11'j 31'~:.

0'1q J, '161j<:lqJ, ~1Jlq1 ~ I
~tllT JTci4tfa~'<1fa I
Rt oil d <f> <11 >! 6 ffl,4, I ~R' ~ '11f<ll<t>c'll1°1
~<jlJqJ, "11'1-sqJ, ~J-5·q1, ~1'541,
469
Set of Twelve
q,f§a CF q;1'f cf>,'11, ~:B x'f ~ "i"'-J"Cl\ al'll]Cl"~~-"1 ->jC::'~C::-Cl\ ~,_-

1./11%<11 CF ~ cf>~l"I cf>,'11,
-3q1<.J x'f ~ "cf>T cf>~IOI
~'i""I 19·',i-Cl\ 9~-~-Q~"i'"~ll
cf>x'il, 3Hii:!llJI" "cf>T cf>~l"I ci,,11, EilC::tl E{d'.!,UJT:- ~o;gq1fc1,1i:,
'l'J<! x'f ~ "cf>T et>~ IOI et>, 'i I, Qcf> lxi f.'lct>:, {sJ cj,q ~'cl I <;:>i fcln cf>:
VITT,,-~ "cf>T et>~ I uI et>, '11 , (q~iJl'i:~). qi'1cf>~fc:icf>:,
'3qcf>,"ll x'f c;Rd\ "cf>T cf>~l"I 'i 11-1 f.'i-1 c1> :• -s'l -41c1 Rc1>: 31 1x oll cf>:
' '
cf>x'il, ~ "cf>T cf>~l"I cf>x'il, 3JTRF1 cf> I ~ I c/,:, 'J:l:1 ~ cf>:,
fi1 c1 qc1 et>, ~ CF i, ~ct>l "cf>T ~'il~llf.'icf>:, ~4~cf>:, <mm-
cf> ~ IOI cf> X'11, lo[ll-"l'fc[U[ CF +i «1 Rc/j ~tj I
>,~<1>1
"cf>T cf>~l"I ci,,11, <fR6° qRI 'J,"l- ~ 0 '5 q I fa cf>,
~ lf qfacfj "cf>T cf>~l"I Qcf>l '. {sJ cj,Y~iJ I q>i fclncf>.
et> , '11 om ?Ii f.& CF BlUfll x'f qi'1c1>~fc:Jc1>, ai11-1~c1>. -s'l-6lilRcti,
cf>~l"I cf>x'il t I
3J!xOlJcf>, 3Jl'Rlclcf>l~lcf>, ~ -
Twelve ways in which a
Bodhisattva performs the
~'il~llf.'icf>, ~q~cf> om m2JT-
welfare of sentient beings- +i«1 Rct> I

Performance of deeds, helping Twelve ascetic practices-
those who suffer from misery, Subsisting on aln1s, eating one's
helping those who are ignorant food in one sitting, not
of means, helping those who are accepting food after having
in need of help, helping those risen from one's seat, wearing
who are oppressed by fear, robes made of rags, wearing
helping those who are overcome robes made only of wool,
by distress, helping those who wearing the three dharma robes,
lack material objects, helping dwelling in a forest (hermitage),
the homeless, helping those who dwelling in an open and
seek to live in harmony, helping unsheltered place, dwelling at
those who wish to enter the the foot of a tree, dwelling in
teaching, helping those who cemeteries, one who sleeps
hold wrong views and helping sitting up and the ground just as
through his miraculous means. it is.
!"lll''-lil.·<lf"i·ry"i·ci~·'ll,lllJ Cl.S\ f ~~ "I i""-''l"Cl~''I]' Ill\ .l:19·~ ·q_~•:1rry -~9·'-J·OJ~-

~"i·9%9·"1 ~~-5 l!l·.l:i·o1 "i·" I S9"\''-: "§c::·Cla.·a;,;·Q I ~-Qa.·q_~~·i\ -~9·<.J·OJ~-
~''i""I q_5c::·Cl·"1 ~lll-iij'lll·9~~-"I q_§c::·Cla.· l,;·Q1 ';l'.Q.'Q,~~, -~9"'-J"OJ~-
470
Set of Twelve
~,:;·i::ir.i: "-'<11 3lPi f.-1 fcl 'c c'<1 cl c; ·11, ~

~ ~ ~ ~ ilfu1
~,:;·i::ia·ar,._·i::i 1 ~·l':JJ'll.~•r'j '"-")'r.J'"lOI'
qf
"'§"·i::ia·ar"·"'r cl:j "\' ~·".~OI'~ '?_ ")' r.J'"l "1' 'r!l\l fi fq ~I "11 il c; 11, 'ITT "l fi fq ~I "11
ilc:11. 11R-lc/11fif'l~l"11 ilc:11.
~ --
~,:;·qq'<E"-'"'1. ?i "' --
"i"'"'.,,Ol'~"-'r.J".'<E"-'<IJ ~~i.llfi,.q~IGJI clc;11. "c/,Tl:f-
cl:l"i'i:\·r~·~,._·r.ia·af,._·i::ir ~,:;·~,:;'"i<;'<l,OOI' fif'l~\"11 ilc;11. '11ffif'l~IGJI

ilc:11. Pifi'lrnilc:11. 31f.-1fi'lrnilc:11.
r.ia·ar,._·i::i 1 ~,:;·,i,:;·.:i"i·r.ia·af,._·i::i 1 ~ii\· 31..J'l c; IRc/1 cl c; 11, Ji'I c; IRc/1cl c; 11,
"'~il\·r.ia·af,._·i::i 1 3l(il\·r.i,._·~,:;·i::ia·ar,._· 31~'11"1clc;11, 311Fcl,51iF·l.lclc;11
•
'r! I
"i.l"ITT \I <Ii I~ ~ il<:"IT- Jfmr cfi
mfr ~ clc:11. 'PT"! ct; m
<IJ,:;.ii\1
"1 ~ c1 c; 11. '1Tc/, ct; m fr
~ ilc:11. ~~i.11 c6 m x1'
&!")' ~ OI'".~OI '~ ·?_ ")' r.J' "l OI'~ <;' i::ia' a;,._, <11 ~ clc:11. "c/1Tll ct; m fr ~
~' CJ
-..-.. c-..-.
OI'Q~Ol'lj '"- 'If' r.J' "l OI'~,:;' CJ".' <E"-.CJ 1
ilc:11. '1'l ct; m x1' ~ ilc:11.
il f.\; ll $1 I1"i<'f cl c; 11, '111 fcl $111
10I'".~OI'~ '?_'If' r.J'QJOI'"-§,:;· i::ia' a("-'<lj cl c; 11, f1 Ifi'l q irc;";-n, f.-1 'l.l fi'l q
cl c; 11, 31fi'1 f.-1 fcl 'c cF'\ cl c; 11 ~
~ OI'r.,_~OI'~ ·?_'If·r.J'"lOI'".§ <;. i::ia·a;,._. CJ j
~ clc;111
"-!OI'~OI'"'~OI ·~ ·?.'If.r.i·0101·~ "·i::ia·a;,._· i::i 1 m
m ct; m fr ~ c1c:11. ~
cl:l "i.~ OI'"'~OI ·~ ·?.'If·r.i·<>J OI'~"·i::ia·ar"·"' l ct; m x1' ~ c1c:11. 11fflc/11
3la;'il\'<l(IOI'~' af"-'<11 3la;'il\·a) "\'~' af"-'<11 *' ct; m x1' ~ ilc:11. ~~c11 ct;
m x1' ~ c1 c: 11. "c/1Tll ct; m
t"·i::ia·af,._·i::ir *·i·i::ia·af,._·i::i 1 a;"i·.:i"i· x1' ~ c1c:11. '1'l er; m x1'
~
~ "'l.'f$11, f.-1 fi'l ct1 cl c; 11,
r.ir.i.· <E"-'"'l
I;'\. - -
,o·tJ,J,:;·"""i·r.ir.i.·<E'
::,.. "' --
I1
"-·i::i·i::i;;01· 01-v"'
31f.-1fi'lrnilc;11. 31<11c;1Rc/1 ilc:11.
i;li;~l~EIT ~C:11- ~:fif'l~\"11 3i'lc:1Rc/1 clc;11. 31~'1101 clc;11
ilc:11. 'ITT"lfif'l~l"11 ilc:11, trm 311 fcl;il"<i I cl c; 11 I
11R-lc/11fif'l~l"11 ilc:11, ~~i.11 Twelve types of aggregates of
fi,:q~\"11 ilc:11, c/,lllfif'l~l"11 feeling- Feeling produced
ilc:11. '11'<1,fi,:q~\"11 ilc:11. through visual contact, feeling
llf;i;;l.1$1111i_dcl C:'11, '111Fcl$111~- produced through olfactory
il i; 11, f1 Ifi'l 'l cl i; 11, f.-1 'l.l fi'l 'l cl c; 11, contact, feeling produced
through aural contact, feeling
471
Set of Twelve
produced through gustatory 311iil4: 3114~cl:, 311'<114: cl,?_i~~.

contact, feeling produced 311i114: R:-s·'11•1:, 311iil4: t1•-lci,lRl:
'
through physical contact, (~q,s=c'l~-s=;i:/,rnlX:), 311 ii 14: 3114 :/),x ,
feeling produced through 311iil4: ~ : . 311iil4: 'J"l~"f:,
mental contact, feeling from 3lTatl 4 q Ic'I: (ii <c<I l"i 'H,1 '11 ii I/l 1).
sense powers, feeling from :/llf.'a~cl:, 311'<114: il.-i;; 1 r'l'il (lft
mental consciousness, disturbed 31€,dlilldl) 'Elfi'r I
feeling, undisturbed feeling and
feeling expressing experiences.
uTR{,.&TCI <fi ff: 3f<'i<lil'(, ilR
OR 'i!llillif ~ ea ~a: 311i114-
Feeling produced through visual 311i114 '11 1 11q!'1, 311ill4 3Rf'T,
contact, feeling produced 311iil4 311,:\~c1. 311iil4 ~",].
through olfactory contact, 311iil4 R:"'11'1. 311ill4 t14cf>1Rl
feeling produced through aural
(q ,$ c'l-s; i:/, l"i)' 311 ii 14 3114 :/1<,
contact, feeling produced
through gustatory contact, 311iil4 ~ . 311iil4 TJ>!"f,
feeling produced through 3lTa t14 q Ic'I (ilR "ITT'!
physical! contact, feeling 311ii14), 311iil4 :111f.'a~c1 <fl!lT
produced through mental 311iil4 il.-i;;'ll'il (c:'r ~
contact, feeling produced 311ii14) I
through sign, signless feeling, The Six Ornaments, four great
feeling m small quantity, Achiiryas and two wonderful
extensive feeling, limitless Achiiryas- Acharya Nagarjuna,
feeling and feeling of Acharya Asaii.ga, Achiirya
nothingness. Aryadeva, Acharya Vasu-
~a.riji::.·~3i'~ll'!'i3i·?fr::i~·1t~·§i::.'11'1~1!,1~' bandhu, Acharya Diii.naga,
r::i~·111~1!,1l it1''\q3i'~'!tlf l:\'4"11!,1''-J' Acharya Dharmakirti (Six
Ornaments), Acharya Aryasiira,
lf"11!,i'al'\ f l:\'4'l]l!,l'c.i·~ l '\S"1'"1 ~3i I Acharya Rahulabhadra,
~"11!,i'~E;.'f 'l!,l'~':lJ'ljl!,l''-lf C~3i'~"1)
Acharya Gui;iaprabha, Acharya
Dharmapala (four great
i Q''\ir3i.'\'-JC\'<If ~· "1 il3i'I:\~3i 'Q ~i::..irf masters), Acharya Santideva
ci:f3i'lj3i'~'\f il!,l·Ji::.·f Ci3i'q'Q~f) ~· and Acharya CandragomI (two
wonderful masters).
Q'~f il'3i:;·qf·~· ( 31'\'§E;.'"1~1!,if)
.., . A!'tl'tl~''lj~l!,I' OJ~f ,<\'<If '\Cl' ,<\'<If 3i"l' ~
~ i i I 4 t-ll "l -s i:.•rq)T~:, "<I «II~:
'i!lFllill'lf: ITT ~dlill'lf~il- <If 1!,1'"1'al'<lf {3i'aJ'tlf t'{'\'aJ'<lf ~·
311iil4: 11•11q!'1:, 311iil4: 3RM:,
472
Set of Twelve
Q "i',!'<:lf iji5Jl!,I' '\'.;j'<:lf ~'l',\"-'.;j'<:lf TINT, ~f&ldc/'il~l~~t11, 3l"'i"f1-

cfUIT, is),<& q, 111cl o\q Rf.'! tqtl Ifi1 f.'I g\~ I
ti"i'~l!j' .ij'<:lf i5J~' .ij'<:lf :'J"l' ,!'<:l~lf ~[
!ilC:lll l'.Jlfll:- lJTE<: 4'1~'-1: fr.;J: 'iITT"i'; 1'.11 xf111 ll i- ~ . ~-
~'ill{!.J:, ~ : ~ : ~ : ·
' ' '
crcfr. fcl~<& «i,f.'I ti'i<i I, 311:111 q,~ u;,; I,
'l11?;:, 31l~q'1:, q,lfi'lq,: 111•f'iftq: 31'1'f11clt1\. f11'"jC:1, qa:iq_151,
41"l'i'il I , . 3Hi' I ji!El !.I tj'll 1, !.I RH-iFcl"i'i'il 11 lcJ-
illxt; '1i:ft'11- llTE<. 4'1<"'J.'1. tr.,i, TINT, "),<i,ldc/'il~l~f&-3t1I, 31'1.-flclOI\
~'llli!El, \J'~<G. ~. ' WqUT' 1;!ci is),<& q, Il! cl o\ q Rf.'I tq tl Ifi1 f.'I gl ~ I
'+11 t: q t;, 311 ~ cl '1, _c/'i_..,Ifi'l"'-q,-, '11 ' f~ q Twelve types of dharai;ii
1;!ci i:i'r"l' I (retention formula)- Abhi~eka-
Twelve Months- Magha (March), vatI, JfianavatI, Visudhaswara-
Phalguna (April), Caitra (May), ni rgho~a, Ak~ayakarai;ida, Anan-
Vaisakha (June), Jai~tha (July), tavarta, Sagaramudra, Padma-
A~ada (August), Sravai;ia vyiiha, Asangamukhapravesa,
(September), Bhadra (October), Pratisamvinnascayavatara, Bud-
Aswina (November), Kartika dhalankaradhi~\hita, Ananta-
(December), Margasir~a (Janu- vama and Buddhakayavan;ia-
ary) and Pau~a (February). parini~padyabhinirhara.
IIJ~C.1!,1'<:Jt'lll'l!,ll '\QE:;'<:l1"-'~~f ii)·~l!,I' c%1·'i"ll!,l'i'~llll!,l''lt'"l'l!,ll ~<>i'Si5Jf .:i·~f

~f ~·'\sc;l!,r~i5J·r;i,._·'\111·r;if il·~'\·r;ia.·~· "':;ii:;·zrf ~"l''lf ';\l!,I' ~"l''lf t·s" f
'i5J'if111 ~"l'Q'i5J~C\'UJl!,l'<lf !fJ'i5Jla·~111· ii5J'S'\f i:il'\'S'\f sJi:i·111~~f ~~-zrf
:'Jf <l:i'<:l1'\'"1f «il!jl!,l'<l'3l'\'"1<l.'{"-' ~i5J·~a-..,\~f sa.·111\~f
"'~..,."1 f ~-~'UJ<:;' '\111' "1"-'~..,.r;i·~ l!,I'<l'"l' i;1c:'i1f<IE1: Ya:- ~:. R'1'i11i1:,
1!t1':, q,a.-i1, c/'ic'J,i'1'11. -3,,-11c;:,
~..,.<If 1!,1<:;1!,1·!fJl!,I·~·:'J~·s~·~ 1!,1'%1:ll!,I' tq,....-;:, 31 q,r-i 1~:. UTl!T, S?Taix=!:,
<If r:i·\111·i5J~C\'"-Jl!,l'<lf i!,i<:;1!,1'!fJl!,I'~'1a.· ~clct~lls:. 'ilcgf.'l\:ls'iil I
<11xt; Y<l>l'x ~ Ya- ~ .
r:i·\111·ili',:;l!,I''t\'{Illl!,I' <l'i5J(~-"1"-' Q~Q' <l~f f R'1'illil. 1!t1', CJ,i'1'11. c/'ic'l,i'1'11.
!ilC:'ll l'.lli/011:- ~ . ~ -
'3 "'1 IC:. tc/'i .:C:, 31 q fJ-1 I( m.
~aix=!. ~clct~lli! a1!IT 'ilc/'if.'l!li! I
'cfcfi, fcl l!}& «Ix f.'I ti'i<i I, 3!al 11 q,, o;,; I, ~
Twelve types of hungry ghosts-

3l'i'f11cit1l, fll'lxjt:I, 4'11q_151,
Headless demon, flesh-eater,
31fi' 1ji!sl !.I cl 'ii 1, !.I fi'I fifcl "1 'l'illl Iq- ghost, a female demon causing
473
Set of Twelve
disease in children, goblin, iii " g <l tf Rl l1, I (RI <iii dl " ~ I •hi>}-
insane evil spirit, a leaping evil '111, 'rf. clffi:f, {\\\!•11~1. 'PR,
spirit, an evil spirit causing ffi, J=fVc!, lJ"!, ~. 'Tefr, '(;ifig,
forgetfulness, the shadow, a cf2TT '.J;3'R I
monster (a malignant spirit), the Twelve signs of year (the twelve
star · RevatI and the causer of signs of Tibetan Year)-
destruction to birds. Mouse, ox, tiger, hare, dragon,
l<<iij'll1~4'1f aii:_:<,·<11 ~'--<11 f'<II <1~·<11 snake, horse, sheep, monkey,
bird, dog and pig.
iF<lj QJ~-~1 ul'\·~·i{z:_·<11 ul\~·~·i{z:_·
<1 J <11~ "l'1·ai·ul ~ t1J 'll~·%<11·s '\'"I
~
UJ"l'QJI "~'!1·"11 !QJ'QJI r;·ai1 ';!'lJ'"lf
-- 'V" - - ..,..
~'<,'<l'QJ"l'§"-'<11 ~','tJ'QJ"l'§"-'<If.I_ 11
~"J·af1 s·af1 s·af1 "llll'aii{II
iili;~lfi'llc.f: ffi:- >n'f<:. ~:.
iili;~I \!\~Ill: ("~lilst>lfill)- ~:.
Til'R[:, cfi q 111:, cp S; C/>:, <'[c[U[:.
~ : (~:), il11<1clq:, &-
='=
•F-11$1:, ' ~ . flt:<fil'<i,
3!•-1'11$1:, "
cflf:, ~'l'lclq:, ,,qc1q:, 31~c\c\q:,
iHitilff1<fi:, qRc1ffia~t1fa 1 .
~qc1q:, ~l'J{qq:, -qefrcflf:, '!;%{
iill,t: Y<l>N <Ii t<lli; >n'f<. ~.
cflf:, {j<fi\!clq~ilfa I
fc1cRr, <fi q 111, <fi c_;cfi, C'I cl oI, •Fil $1,
3l•Fi'l$1, ~. flt:<fil-l'I, iii " g " ~ I i-1 sf>
'111-cflf, '1"(-cli!,
u:m:r-cflf, i'.ll,•/1~1-cflf, ~-cli!,
fl i 11'1 fr1 <fi cf2TT q R c1 ffi <1 I
Twelve types of taste- Sweet,
ffi-cflf. J=fVc!-cflf. lJ"!-cli!.
~ - cflf. 'Telt-cflf, i!j,% ,-cli!,
sour, bitter, astringent, hot,
salty, appetizing, non-appeti- cf2TT '.J;:i:R-cflf I
zing, neither appetizing nor Twelve year cycles (Cycle of
non-appetizing, spontaneous, twelve years)- The mouse-year,
artificial and transformed taste. the ox-year, the tiger-year, the
hare-year, the dragon-year, the
~,111~·<1ij'll1~~1 ~·<11 .'ll"-'1 ",jlll ~"ll snake-year, the horse-year, the
sheep-year, the monkey-year,
r.i_~'!l !QJI l\1 <;1'11 ~QJI SI SI "l<!J"ifl • the bird-year, the dog-year and
iili;~I <JtfRltM: (faisii!dl xlfu- the pig-year.
ilst>lfill)- '111:, ~ : (<rr:), 1~·~r;r<1a·51~·r.i·<1ij·111,4,11 '\l!f'l_·~~-<!J~~-
u:m:r:, <lR':, ~ : . ·w:f:. J=fVc!:,
lJ"!:, ~:. 'lm, cgi!ig,:. ~"l'r.i_l4' <18.·ai i;:'\·r.i I t·
~ai· ~ ai~r ~- <1~<!J~·
{j<fix~t1 fa I
474
Set of Twelve
'<Cl.'"l!('j''<[ 1·c:i~l!l''<Cl.'"l!('j''<[ c:i~· ' ciation and ordination as a

monk, undergoing arduous
<11a:,l!l·<>J·a.ipl!l·qr.l.·a.i!(1'<1f c:i!a:,·AA·~"'·~· practice, meditating under the
'i~l!l'""'.("'.,.a,.a.i;;-1·" r ~a.i ·a:, l!l·a.i(a:,. '-1"-. Bodhi tree, defeating the hosts
of Mara (evil spirits), attaining
§:;·c:ia.·a.i;;-1·" r 'i"1"''!'.lQ.!l'i'c.ir.l. ·a.ii('\·c.i r full enlightenment, turning the
Wheel of Dharma and passing
~:;·~Q·~· t :;·<f·"' ~<lll!l·c.ir.l.·a.i;;-1·" r c:i~1· into the state of peace.
~. c:iia.i· ,.a,·a.i;;-1." r a.i(a:,. ""'. ~:;·~c:i·c.ia.. l!l'Qt'lll ~ l!lJ ~:;·~c:i·l~ aj l!l'a.i· Qi'i' <11:l.· l!l r
a.i;;-'i·" r i l!l·~·~"'·ar·c:i?i"'·c:ia.·a.i;;-1·"1 ~
"-<::l'J''\9'1.'<::i'l.'l!lj
~ °' ~
:,i'"l'"''\''<Cl.'l!lj
,..._,
'<' I
~·:;a:,·"l l!l'"''il!l 'c.ia.·a.i;;-1·c.i<i.'r r ~'\''<Q,'l!lf <i.'1·"-~'QQ, l!lf ~!;l!l''\"1"-'<::JQ,'

!~ i;li';\!I ~~lllf.'I jRlc11cJ
a,011-J 'll(!'l"llcJw'l"l'l, i3l""1,
a'1 tj et>~ <'cl 'l,, ~ IC'Y fcl i"..! I4> ~ Ic1 <'cl '\.
~
!,I~ ft1 (1 <'cl 'i, 5,"'l>,illl\. ~ i r r -

i l!l'~' ~a:,·!'l!l f
'l " ~ .-lJ !,11-J cl 1 'i , 3IT'f-
'i,c'I •I <'cl 'l
tl ~, iu !,II. fq-j:. di
~:iilil !,I c1 ct1 '\. 9~1!l'~11
qRf.'lc1\01!,IJfq-j~'tj I
!;j, <Ii ii 1, i5 ~<'ll' ( Jl <'11 (!')- ii Ic; \! I "l'l ll :- <l'rfu RJ ml <'1 Ic;
~ : . !,1'j,Rc11, fc11-Jc11, ~ .
~ ~cJc'llct> xf ~ l,RT,
!,IRn-ifi'.r (-.:mJ:-<M ii ~). i3l""1, 31Rfti1-Jc1l '§S,"1lll, ~.
<t~'l'll, m. ~ . 'cl44EJ1
a1 tj if>, l,RT, ~ IC'Y fctw ii '!!,\!I c1
11m ,i'l"c1!,l~~tlR1 I
"ITT11, !,I~ ft1 (1 l,RT, S,"'I>, 'tj"!jf <l>T
4lc11 ct>,11, ~!IT cfi ~
"' 1, i5 'lPl
;q i .flfucRRJerarn""'1.a1(qTII"c;--
~ . !,1'j,Rc11, fc11-Jc11, ~ .
~ d1 I 1'fR m3lT <l>T c;l!"'l et>, 11,
~ "cJft ~ . 'cl>'iilw 31Rfti1-Jc1l '§S,"1lll, ~.
!,lcJct.-i ct>,11 11m qRf.'lc1\u1 <t~'l'll, m. ~ . 'cl44EJ1
c'lm~I
~I
Twelve Grounds- Ground Prior
Twelve deeds of Sakyamuni
to cultivating the Bodhimind,
Buddha- Descent from Tu~ita
Very Joyous Ground, Stainless
heaven, entering the womb of
Ground, Luminous Ground,
his mother, taking birth,
Radiant Ground, Ground which
displaying his skill in the
is Difficult to Overcome,
worldly arts, enjoying the
Approaching Ground, Gone
women of the harem, renun-
475
Set of Twelve
Afar Ground, Immovable ~~ c14 I'< rl <11 c!>T 3M"m

Ground, Ground of Good cl> '< 11, ll-11 f.,,-i 4 I'< rl <11 c!>T 31'RITT1
Intelligence, Ground of Cloud TT c1>, 11. <ll 44 " ri a I c!>T 31'RITT,
of Dharma and Ever-Illumi- TT cj') ~ '"11. u.i 11 q " ri a I qi\
nating Ground. 3M"m lf1T cl>'< 11, !.I $11 4 I'< rl <11 cJiT
111·a"l·cia.·cq°"c:111·f"-,:i~·"l, 1111 i "i.CJa..oi· 3j'qffi TT c1>,11. ~ et
J;!fu !.I fl "i <11 c!>T cllT'T, !.I fil cl>-
( QJ"".i"s"i·CJ.!9 o.:· CJ"'·5'\. CJ r ~QJ -~a.i o.:· ~- ~ cfi J;!fu !.I fl "i <11 c!>T "c'llT'T,
Of( QJ"".i"5"i·CJ·!"lo.:· CJ"'-5'\·CJ I CJi '\·CJiS.·Of TJ1'lfR 3ltl x'f ~ 1lT.'l q\'\
mcAT c!>T cllT'T, Fil, ,R) et -gm
s
( QJ'".i"S"i' CJ{9 o.:·CJ"'· '\·CJ r "!"i·"'~o.:· ~ et 'liit "1R 1ft fi cfil tj
1:1"'<
~·oi·(QJ"J ·s"i·CJ·(90.:·CJ"''S '\'CJf z:Jo.:"'1·

"'ltf cl>, '11, x-flft ~3ll et GR
fcnit "1R 1:1"'< 'If\ 31 !.I fl "i ;,-g\
"11-i·~·"f( QJ·1 ·s"i·CJ{90.:·CJ"''S'\'CJf m"'1T Tim ~ ~ it 'lfl
~~3ll (~i!.s!lfl) c!>T clJ1lT ;,-gj
~o.:·"'"'i"f(QJ'1 ·s"i·CJ{90.:·CJ"'·~'\'CJ r ct>'<'i I I
"l"i'fo.:·~· o.:·QJ''\9"''"' i z::"r "'"'~QJ·~· Twelve thorough training on
the sixth ground- Accompli-
"I' QJ' '\"1 "-""' i,;' l;J ! all;J' M.'\"i 'QJ' Sl9 'CJiS.' shing the perfection of
generosity, accomplishing the
ii "'10.:' { ,;·" ! "'iif·Cl'QJ'i.!9"l'CJ'"~,; O,l'
perfection of morality, accom-
"I c:· .:h~a.i· CJ r "\9'CJ'1"i'" 1i ". "'"..l:l· plishing the perfection of
patience, accomplishing the
'\9"'·"-3)'\·CJ r '\~QJ·"lc:·i c:·"·.l:l· i c:·"~r r perfection of effort, accom-
plishing the perfection of
.. Od"l..ii : ii I t; >t I q R:tJ,,ti ./l :- GR- concentration, accomplishing
41, rl <'11 ~ «i f~-i:. ~~<'141,rl<'l l- the perfection of wisdom, aban-
~ B:I Fi'a:. a11 f.'n q 1,f>la 1~ «i Fi'a:, doning attachment to the
q")lfq 1,f>la 1~ tqf?a:. eZl l'i41'<rl<'11- Hearer's ground, abandoning
~tqfi'a:, !.1$1141'<rl<11~tqfi'a, attachment to the Self-Buddha's
~ IcJ cl>~, fc'l ,,n;:, !.I ,ll c/>1'i,~'--- ground, abandoning the fear of
' fc'l "H,:, TJl"ffilci ?I «1 RJ rn c'll I' I:, profound meaning (meaning of
~l,llllt1.'lsfcr 'il~"ll'j. ,i4«l- emptiness), not being discou-
4R<'lll~sfcr "'l 31'.J.~<1. GIR(;itsfq raged even if asked for one's
~ ~OJl'i<'lll'l~'<lRl I head, not being unhappy at
9c!'r 1lf4 ~ <41,il qR~R,,ii- renouncing all one's belongings
,; 114 I'< rl <11 c!>T 3l'Rlffi cl>, 'i I, TT
476
Set of Twelve
and not abandoning beggars *1- 3!alll ~ <l '{-11-q'.--J 5T"IT,

even in distress. ~ cfi x'l+l'<'il, '<j,'<1<-<j'"'l '¥f. '<j,'1<-<j'"'l
5J~a.· "'I Ill" q·a.~q· tJ 1 l '\'-·~-,,r Ill "1Ill' qa.·
~ ~
"1lfi'r. {jfll-q'.--J ~ - xjfl i-q "1

~ - 1,11-q'.--J "1"'+1, xjfll-q'.--J
a.sfq·~-~'f;\'\'~'~'Q'Q~~·1·~1!l'tJl llll' ~ '5!111.--J cnT clllll, miw[ar er;
{ ~-q·"J. t Q Ill' q·~iQq_' i~. ~"'.!l· ~'\. tJ",' ;fr'fl ~ *1- ~ Tim ~
!.I 1, er; f l <'r fl l-q "1 5T'1T ~ I
"'~"1''ll 5l'-"J')'~"1'tJ' { ~-q3_·i"·~5Jl!l' Twelve thorough trainings on
~'\.fuIll'Q'l!."111l' q3_. ~5J'~· ~ 5l Ill'ij'"'~"1' tJ I the ninth ground- Accomplish-
ing infinite prayers, knowledge
~ "1 lll'!":l~· 11:i5J'~"1 Ill' tJ I ~Ill',:i~.11:i5J'~"111l' . of the languages of niigas, gods
and others, having inexhaustible
<If l·a.s'-·,:i~·l1:i5l'~"111l''-II '<f"-'!":l~· confidence to teach dharma like
11:i5l'~"111l''-II ~-q·,:i_~·l1:i5l'~"111l'tJI ?.Ill' a flowing river, at rebirth
entering only into the womb of
'-l"-'"-§'-'Cl'{~·<11 s'-·~q·fu·~._-~,_·1· a respectable woman, an
. excellent family, an excellent
a.iE"". ~-Q I caste, an excellent clan, an
{ "1lll''-lit11 excellent retinue, an excellent
birth, renouncing household
'Jq>J"(<l: !ilG'll 4R'{!,,i;ll:- life, gaining enlightenment
3l'Ft1 !.I iu ltl I 'I f.'I "'-1 R'\-1:, ~ iF-J I ' I I~ - under the Bodhi tree and
' A ~
11=1q=Jom1I <1211 cl v'$11'1 '(, '1 i;l ffl ci: x'l+I

'
accomplishing all virtuous
tl'f ~~I '1 lil 311H ll !,I Fc't>i 1'1 lilci 1,:, qualities.
TJ>i\cl ifil--JOI c/> I.:cl *14!.l~i«-11-1 l(f
"1~'-'"-"1'<11~·cq111·q~·111ii,~1 5l~o; ~ [
TJ>i \ i1 iii '1 oI'(, cg c'1 fl 1-q i'j_, "1lfi'r-
fl l-q ci, •i'hlfll-qci, ~ fll-qci, '\S'-lll'ful!l·Q 'ri!'\'tJ3.· ~ 1 ~._-q ':1~·<13.· ~ 1
' ' '
-;,i-"'i~fi~i-q~a. f.'1 <1 IoIfl 1-q a. ~ar-
, ' """''<' a;-"111l''ti''l~'\·q3_·~ I :i'\·1·q('\·q3_·~ 1
1@ ~<f; M !,I IfG.-1:, "'fl-,,4='.],mo1"''{-l~i-q...c'.--J=M=i.
~I ro'-·"1~a-~1 '¥\"111l'tJ'Cl('\·qa·~r ~-~-~-
1<ff ~ ~ o11i!i; 4R'IJ,R.<ii-
3!'1""1'1" m2T'113IT "c/>T ,11-q "1 iRT. §"·qa-~ I ~l!l'"-Ql!l'fu·~ I ~~-1°~1!l·q3_·
~- "'1f'T ~ !.11 iu Illl <tJ- 3[(Al- ~I ~'\·1·§'-·q3_·~1 "1'i~'"J'OlQ'tJ"-'
3!4.fr "IT'!T "c/>T ilf.n tl 4~ ~ I'11 'l'lj~'tJ3.·~it11
477
Set of Twelve
"-IC:'tlJll
ct '\ ="6..... -l, 1;IC:'tl~EII ~q'{utl (ll\illfll'l>;/))-
~ . cl.1Jct,,oJ'j, '111m, \:SGl"i'j, 'r'I i;i1 IR "1 ,:,11 f.! , '43l'r'I '3 qi:i 111:,
f.'IC:l'1'\, 31cl$1'1't, li~i)_ct1ct,'j, ~= = :
~'""' '
"(f3fi'[
'
= : q-.;' =:
~,.., ' ..:!,"''
"11\lcn't, ~'.!c"ll't, ~. 'fl1i"[ ~ : , ;we ~: q1;s~1 ~:
\
f.'l,ia'1q~~l~i:1~ I
q[ "(f3fi'[ cfj IJJ lfU IJ: 'fl1i"[ ~ -
,
El ,f \I q 'r'l '1 <fi 1; I c; 't I 311T- ~ , ' ' ~
, rl If.'!, J1"'c ,j' I c1 fi1 f\11 f.!,

TJ,:r, cl.11ct,, 0 J, TTT~. '1C:1'1, f.'lc;J'1,
31clc;l'1, li~i)_ct1ct,, "11<1ct,, ~ .
Fcl <'11 '1 >t , ITT
'
i:1'ft'r I
~ w\ i"f~ f.'l,ia '14~~1 I <ll'{i; yq,N ~ ~cftl\i!T ('l"\Jll-
Twelve scriptural categories- fll>t..n)- TfR-isfc1, '1Tc! ,aq,m,
Set of discourses, intermediate T.fR-~, tff'r'I '.j,(;I~, U: ~ .
verses, prophetic teachings, "fl'IB ~ . 3flo '.j,(; I~. <n fi
verses, specific teachings, intro- ~. 11Tc! cfiTlf 'J'T. <111!
ductory teachings, parables
, I"ll , rl , 3flo >i ' I c1 RJ oi, flRrril
(hagiography), legends, life
i"f2ff U?f I
stories, grand scriptural
teachings, wonderful teachings Twelve types of divine offering·
and finalized teachings. Four types of water, five
offerings, four, five, six, eight
l111i\C1~'11f)"lf ~·Cl~f ~,;·j\~·1
or sixteen spiritual consorts,
~111·111·ci~"-i!J\ ~"-i!J\ ~111'111i!J\ CJt\ five sensual objects, the seven
precious royal emblems, the
'ii!J\ Cl~'~ll1 "'~'i'ii'.Ji\'~'l t~·~'i't'
eight auspicious signs, canopy
ci~<11 Cl'!]'~"l·i!\111"1·cit'i1 ~·s1 111~111"1· and para so I.
~II
478
Set of thirteen
111· '!lll'",Cllll'Clij'lll'llf "l&r'C/'5~· iii•ltg<l ™ (1703-1732), <1>'1141
111,o.l'o.l~O:,'CJ\ ( ???O-??l'"I) 'lj&['CJ'

5,<i,'.'i,<'l ™ (1733-1797) '1'lR'r I
~liDT 1.J:!1c ~ if> 'l f q I 'if> ~
~cri.:,·q"l~l ( ?"\0~-?"1'\"I) "l&r'CJ' 'J,'1uf"'l- <1>'114 I 5,<i'\'!,'1 i'...«1'14 I
' (1110-1193), <1>'1141 §<ll:i'i traft
",C::'~c::·{l1 (?"\'\~-?"I'll') 'lj&['CJ' (1204-1283), <1>'1141 ~'1(1'1 ™
("1'CJQ,'{l1 ( ?1\~0-?1\'\"I). "l&r'CJ'~' (1284-1339), <1>'1141 ~l<'ltl ™
(1340-1383), <1>'1141 ~F,11'1 ~1'141
"'~0:,'9!1'1l~·q1 (?"Ii~-,~,'() "l&r'CJ' (1384-1415). <1>'1141 ~
o.J{c;:·q·\.:,·~.:,1 ( ?~?--9~'\"I) 'lj&(CJ' c;'1'1c;'1 (1416-1453). <1>'1141
tl>l-i; 11 •<iltl>l (1454-1506), <1>1-1\q1
,~'S]'l]~'!'o.laff ( ?~'\~-?'(O•) 'lj&[' l?ict'-11 ™ (1507-1554), <1>1-1\41
ci 1 11:g11™ (1556-1603), <1>'1141
CJ'&i't:1J1;(l1 (9'\0"-9'\'\~) "l&r'CJ'
tl>l~'I ™ (1604-1674). <1>1-1\41
1crc::·;'ll·{l1 ( ?'\'\•-?" 011 ) "l&r'CJ' ~ ™ (1677-1701), <1>1-1\q1
iii•ltg<l ™ (1703-1732) Cl~
,~''iSC::~;(l1 ( 9•o~- 9l,,J~) 'lj&['CJ'
™
<1>1-1\41 5,<i,'.'i,<'l (1733-1797) I
ci:IJl~·~'ll ( 9<,,J,J_9,Jo9) 'lj&['CJ'~C::' Thirteen rebirths of Karmapa,
the black hat holder- Karmapa
~q·~·lJ ( 9,Jo"l-9""1'\) "l&r'CJ'Cl5\ Dilsum Khyenpa (1110-1193),
Karmapa Drubchen Pak~I
"-5"1'{l1 ( ,•1111-?•1'•) q;,;~·~11
(1204-1283), Karmapa Rang-
=:tll) i;~I ~Ollllj<fi,dl~if>'lfYl- jung Dorjey (1284-1339),
uf"'llf.1- <1>'1141 '.';;ft'(!'l &1'141 Karmapa Rolpay Dorjey (1340-
(1110-1193), <1>'1141 -§<lfi"l tTaft 1383 ), Karmapa Dezhin Shegpa
(1204-1283), <1>'1141 ~11(111 ™ (13 84-1415), Karmapa Thon-
(1284-1339), <1>'1141 ,l<'lil ™ gwa. Dhonden (1416-1453),
Karmapa Chodak Gyatso (1454-
(1340-1383), <1>'1141 ~F,11'1 'tl•l41
1506), Karmapa Mikyod Dorjey
(1384-1415). <1>1-1\41 ~
(1507-1554), Karmapa Wang-
C:1'1<';'1 (1416-1453), <1>'1141 chuk Dorjey (1556-1603),
Ul-s'I 1 lllU'I (1454-1506), <1>'1141 Karmapa Choying Dorjey
™
l?ict'-11 (1507-1554). <1>'1141 (1604-1674), Karmapa Yeshe
™
ci•11:g•1 (1556-1603), <1>'1141 Dorjey (1677-1701), Karmapa
™
u1fti•1 (1604-1674). <1>1-1\41 Jangchub Dorjey (1703-1732)
· .™
~ (1677-1701), <1>'1141 and Karmapa Dildul Dorjey
(1733-1797).
479
Set of thirteen
l~-~~"i' . <:1 • '51'<:l!'ll]'!;!~f ,~· ~<ff

fit11t\ '3<:d{lfl'I,
s"'l ai·ii'f"'If ~~c:_·ii'f"'If ( r.t,~c::ii'f"'1') 3Ff1 clifl, f.'1 cl Ifl "I, SI fa f.'I q lf1'1,
.i:i~·~<:l"'lf .i:i~·~q•.r~·9'l"if S"''9'l"if ~ . ~ . j&1ITTB1,
$~111 fa \l 501. c/,llll<i, ~01 (~-
S"''9'l"i·~·9'l"if 9~"'-~"'lf ~f9°il1r S!R'lil:Pl<';'-1), f.'lqc;'-J, qq\~11<'.1-41,H
~111·9'.'l"if c9UJ"i·q·19q·,r l 9~c:_·.ir TI1!fT ~ I
m
1s"'·~·ii'f"'1'"-"'1.i"ir 111':i ,;·~;{rr x-it.11c"1 (fit11fec1,1), \:l<cd'<ltl'I,
31"1clifl, ~ . ~ .
"1"-'"il
f.'I cl Ifl "I, SI fa f.'I cl IfH,
ai·ii'fl!,11 $.j~c:_·ii'fl!,lr cr.i.~c:_·ii'fl!,I· $~1~fa\l501, f'il'1~11c:c1,, f.'lq~1.
cjjO"iS!faWIC:'1, c1q\~iltlc1lq{ <12ll
qRtil,I{ ~ I
9'l"if S"''9'l"i·~·9'l"if ;J'E:1°il1r ~l!,I· Thirteen articles of livelihood
for monks- Patched yellow
"-!!Jf 9~c:_·qr 9UJ"i'"r19q·qr 1s"'·~· robes only worn by a fully
ii'fl!J'"-l!J'i"i r ar·sl°~·ii'fl!,l'Q~l!,l·~rr ordained monk, patched yellow
robes worn by any monk,
ti El I '1 I "';f<ITGW uft f<'l a) q- under-garment, lower robe,
<f> f "11 f.'I- fit11tl (fit11fec1,1), shawl, sweat shawl, shawl over
'3<:d,l{i-s;•I:, 3F'\1c1\,i:, f.'lcllfl'-J'j, sweat shawl, towel, itch
SI fa f.'I cl IfFl'-1., ~ . >ITT'!- covering (rash bandage),
~. ~'j=&1~~nc'151=,u~.-i~'1, <ITTT- protective cloth for shaving the
11 fa l.h, oI'\, c/, 1lll <i, ~ oI'\ ( ~ - head, mat, large rain-cap and
cloth bag.
11 fa w Ic; '1 '1) , f.'lqc;'-J>i.' c1q\~11c:1- OR
"Cllcl,'1, ~~t.fqr.ac1,=1 ,W'r I Patched yellow robes only worn
qf
by a fully ordained monk,
x-it.11c?1 (,~t11fec1,1), \j<;-d'(l'(i•1:, patched yellow robe worn by
3F'\1c1\fl:, ~ . ~ . any monk, lower garment,
f.'I q Ifl '-1 'j, SI fa f.'I cl l{i '-1 'j, shawl, sweat shawl, shawl over
$~I SI fa \l 5°1 '\, f'i 1'1 ~I I<'. c/,'1, sweat shawl, protective cloth for
f.'I q <';'1'\, c/, 01.!.! faw I<';'1 't, shaving the head, towel, mat,
c1 q\~11 tl-41 c1 ,ii, q R% l{,:Jlcl ~ rash bandage, large rain cap and
'
,W'r I robe of articles (cloth).
480
Set ofthi<ieen
~·t:i.~B\· ''l'-'S'~IIJ'afl:J!'11J,&1J ~·q· naked limb of a woman or

holding any limb of a woman
~a;·ci,l ~ IIJ.&lj ~ IIJ. CJC\a.J'C\~a;· CJ~'~ llj' deliberately, remainder of using
&lj ~i:r,·.i'i:r,·~·qi.1:~i:r,·&11 'lt'\''l1'-' · amorous words, remainder of
extolling the service to woman
Clf!.i:ri~·cia·~ i:r,·&1 1 iia;·s1·cia·~i:r,·&1 i done with intention, remainder
of match-making, remainder of
fl"·cia·~lll·&11 fl"·ia;·!·~9·&11 9~· house, remainder of big house,
&l'\'~,'~llj'&lf ! Clllj'~'!'~llj'&lf '\~' non-basis, insignificant, remain-
der of causing schism within the
a.~a;·~a;·s1·cia·~9·&11 ~l ~·~·~· Sangha, remainder of joining
the schism, remainder of
~i:r,·&11 ~ &1· ~a;·""sa;·cia·~lll·&11 l:J1a.·,f vitupera-ting, remainder of
.:i·q~ ·<Ja·'\~ ·r.i.5a;·~9·&1it11 condemning domestic house
and remainder of developing
ft! I:{" Ii -::I ,n t:. 'l I "II'~ ll I<1 >t) •II :- unpleasant attitude to the
'1il>fcl'it~:. ihlll<itPf:, J't~- precept.
~14011-1, 4Rtillific1uf.-i1-1. tit1R~1-1.
'
=cg+R,-,ih~I. l-1 i5 c'a eh:,
' '
31'£<:'I eh '1,
&l,"l'l'l!'IIJ,&lj ii1·~·,c;· ~"If i:ri~a;·
c:1~1ih'j, ~:. dC:jclctch:, ia;·~r:;''1\ l UJ',''l.f1i5.!'<lf (i:r~9·ia;1
~ c1 <i,'l "': , c;~ c\ il f'l.i ~ I
flrqarr .tm 31<lil .. _ ;:;n,,- &1·ia;·fil'a.i·"l (cr~"l.~"ll ~~·fl·~,
i iii eh , cfr:l-l-11 ii 'i eh, 'i I, cf;l1'f- i ~~·~ '1\ '~9·2fI ui9·-1·fl c;· CJ' Cl ~c;. <lf
'i:JTcf'il ~ a- cf; Rh ff! "'i'T.'I 3PT
<!iT 'f4m eh, 'i I <IT q eh -$'1 I, J't~ (i:fi&1·'1\ t (Q·?,·lll~&I, (Q·llluia.·1:1c;·
cf; ~.£1 1'f ffl eh' 'i I, <!iTl-1 "$1 1 (Q''l\'iitll
''1 Icl 'i I ~ fch ff! "$1 "WIT "$1
~~1'{-11, <'itiR~ (Fclc11g <!iT -::tlJ) i;)ll <jiOd~ ill:- ~ "'j'T-
~ ihxl'il), l[i,. '1<'1'!<', l'"lfc'I:, 51.-iu.-i ~'IC"81, 11,C"81-
3Rm, 314111'<1 (ml). ~ . Vf1'4'r. "1TclT '41' IU'i:, l-11 U'i
:J,'i f,\ C'l 'i, "'Jl,-31Mf4" (f.'1.-c; I) Llll-1,1, "1TclT gc'i'11c'I:, "ffi3" ~.
~ fu&TT cf; ~ 31-tl"1C: 'i:JTcf'il """ "'
Ni<'h3 '
~rl<:"61 ' ll'l~II =rr'
\J.'141, =
"1'1cll
<!iT 31c!~l4 ' I "1 ' ILll , "1TclT fu l-1 <"61, vfTclT 4 18,l-1 ,
Thirteen remainders of monks- "1Tci\ <l'l'T:, "1TclT M; IU ~ I
Remainder of contending (to
emit semen deliberately),
m
l'"lfc'I.
"'"°51 'i U~<1a1 ~ 1'T-
'i ~p I<"61, 11 x<"61-
remainder of touching any ~. "1'rclT •111•101. 'llU'i
481
Set of thirteen
411-lxl, ijj1cIT ~ ~.
~c>1•<-1c>1, 'isl'c'I, 't1m x'l"lt 't1~ w
fu~l'3 ~~~I ~'141, 11'1~11 i'.!i•lcJI ~I
Gi' I 41, ijj1cIT fu 'l ~ I, ijj1cIT ~ . Thirteen powers- Power of
ijj1cIT "1:fCi.T ~ ijj1cIT ~ I thought, power of resolute
Thirteen Throat-Deities (Gul- thought, power of retention
Lha)- Mountain God Ode formula, power of concentra-
Gungyal, Nyenchhen Thanglha, tion, power of right possession,
Yarlha Shampo, Jowo power of authority, power of
Gyogchhen, Machen Pomra, confidence, power of prayer,
Jowo Yulgyal, She'u Khari, power of perfection, power of
Chisheu Sholha Chukpo, Yagsa great loving kindness, power of
Khangwa Zangpo, Jowo great compassion, power of
Chimlha, Jowo Ngesum, Jowo reality and power of blessings
Yapang and Jowo Lhachay. bestowed by all Tathagatas.
z:i~i:;~1 ~c;·?.·"~ol\1 "J!:;'19''-J"''"S"'''lJ

--
i!zq·iol\·~·1<1"'-J"r:i~·zq,&11 i"'·C>Ja.i·!'ir f
aJJ 'l~')'<JJ - ,,-
~~'&l<0llj aJ•!:;'llJaJJ ~i!i'
,:'.,.,
1i:ic;·r ~'l~'<JJ fj'3\'llJ&1J or(<>J'J'~ol\·

<JJ g&1~'<J'iol\·lf1 ~c;'(i'3\·lf1 ,~- -
C>Ja.ir 9~'3\·<ia·~i:i·<Jr ~c;·i:iq·~ci·qr ~-
~
'i9'"J c; ~'':l'9J 9~''-JQ,'ij'l''-J[ ~
'1'-~Q'
~'il ~-'l~ol\·~z:i~·<J·~&1~·,,;'i'~~-sol\· ~ !:;''l~Q,'~'l''-J[ fil'Cl'&l'~ol\'51c;·a.i·cli~·~·

~~'%1:J~''-Jq'll ~ ci·<J r "l"lol\·1~·9 ·,;a.i·~·rl;;i '\' lQ,'~Q·qr
- yc,,_ C\
?I lfl i; ~ If<l l'.f q <:'I 'l -

'
311 ~ ll-1 il c'l 'l ,
'
&
ti:l -~ ~ ·f <>J·ci·..i·&I<:;,,,. cia· ci· <J~r 1
.
31U1 I ~111 il c'l'l,, t1 Ix uj) i.l c'l 'l, fi'l Ifi:r-
'l61lll'1'(-ll ?Ill) i;~I l1Ri4ctlll:-
«<'fl'[, f1R1~f141 <i_il c'I "!, ~ -
"' tl1 ~ 41, 11-J 1•ff.'1 ilwn •\l 111-J ~-
<>R'f'J, ~ . ~ .
' ' ' ~. a11-Jf.'1il~1•llll'l,
q Ix r1 a I'R' '* 311 ~ 111 'lifilR~Rl-
{iR.1~ f141<i_i.lc'I, ~.
i:ifur:, $11 '1 I ~ 11,·-rn fa 4 fca ~'<1 fa I
~ . ~ . 41xr1<11islc'I,
'li,1'111 ~ ~ llRl4fccilli-
I-Ji,l~,;1isic'I, I-Ji,lcfi{,Ulli.lc1, 'o/@1-
~ 111' I >fT'f cl'; i3U1' ~ .
482
Set of thirteen
~ ~1"1Jlft11, m"'l ~ . "l Z::'tJ'~ O,'~'':i°i''J! l~"'''!f:\°i''J'~Z::'1

~ (til-fT<.-fH) ~.
C:~1.-J'il'f. "llcl'11'1Jlf. >!fcrqe,-
(,i:f·~\al ~·\"l"''<Ji>.'11
qffiqfi'ct, \liol"lllffiqf&t \:l~ic;I -;111) C::~ I3TT:J;'V4'f<!Jll11) •I <'11:1011 f.'I
Yl11C:1'1 ~ qR'Jqf@, \l$11<·!,,(,Dll- lfcf q1efila1frr: ?-lkl41A-
\l R'J q f<'a, ~16111 f1 ltJ I,! 01\l R'J q icd, c: Hq 1,R1a 1, ~ft<i1q1-1f'1a1, ~ -
~w 1-1 c1, 1R\l R'I q fi'ct n~ "$1FIT- q1,R1a1. q~,lq1-1f'1a1. ui1.-Jq1-1f'1a1.
q 11 M ll ffi q fi'ct I \l$11q1,R'la1 ~ I
Thirteen achievements of i!t.sj?-'jfrifir. ?ik!<filR- ~<i, lj-
Mahayana- Heat level of the ~ : , ti'ilj,-lj_R'I' fitilj,"j_R'I:,
Path of Preparation, peak level, ~ft<i11j{"j_R'I:, C:1'11j{"j_R'I, ~ -
patience level, supreme dhanna "'i ffi ~ ii I
level, path of seeing, path of f.'!:~I
meditation, achievement
~ 3,:l;'lfflil> 1111) •I C'11:11'l : [9:·
through antidotes, achievement
4/efilHIJIT ?f ~ - -c::R-
through eli111ination, achieve-
q1-1f'1a1, ~ft<i1q1-1f'1a1. 1:-11f.'aq1-1-
ment through forsaking discri-
mination between antidotes and lit-rr, 41ilq1-1f'1a1, ui1.,q"f'1a1
abandonment, achievements ~ \l $11 q i'irlci I I
through the unity of wisdom 1P: 3/j?-'jfr/4) ?f ~ -
and compassion, achievement ~,j, Ij{"j_R'i, tl'ilj{"j_R'J, ~i t1 lj-
for uncommon pracht10ners, ~ . ~ft c'I Ij{"j_ R'J, C: I'11 j{"j_ ffi ~
achievement through persis- ~ cl Ij,"j_ ffi I
tently working for the welfare f.'!:~~I
of others and achievement Thirteen topics characterized
through effortless wisdom. by serial training: In connec-
tion with the Six Paramiti'is-
IIIQ'",'io,·f '",'Q'llli'<li'S~-~·i'O,'Q~·"1~1111
That of- Giving, morality,
( IIJ,<,'3'f'§"!St::·ci?c,i·q'§"!) i"i''JJ i~· patience, effort, meditative
stabilization and wisdom.
~3,J"'I
-
tJ~~''JI
"l'i°i I '9~ "''"-tJ'tJ 11
tJf<li·"'~"'I tJ0,3,J' In connection with the six reco-
llections: That of- The Buddha,
the Dhanna, the Sangha, the
( f «i'fj~'f'"l'§lf'f'"Jt::'Cl$"1'!:J'§"!) o,,:;o,· morality, giving and deity.
And the serial training of
$°'tO,'~,'':i.Ji''-11 i.,tO,'~'':i.Ji'<ll ~~· understanding the lack of true
entity.
'l.~°i'~O,' ~'':i°i''J! i''l'~IIIO,to,· ~'':i°i''J!
483
Set of thirteen
ij'~ 111111'~· 'q'\111' .~S1'!Q<;11fql'l11'll111! 1J!;'- ~cltli;, "ll'llli,, '!fcf'l-

-..:rr:. 'I '()-5{1 g, ~ . fi$ ...N-
q'\111 ol3JIIII ~111 a·•r?.f1 111ifz:i·?.f1 -,,:rr:, '3>!' I<J i,, <1en:n,, ~ .
a111·s1 111c:·!1111 ~'\'<'l111·a111·<i1 ~'\'SI ''icilli,, ~d\li;, R'i:tllillli, ~
s1·<i·?.fr l'"'·z:i·?.f1 ~111·<i·?.fr &iic:·z:i·

~I
Thirteen types of planet- Godly
?S<>:'11 planet, of Niiga, of Pavan (God
of wind), of Garu<;la, of Gan-
,1,i) G'll dH~f<t>l'.l.tt I~ Dl(c-11- dharva, of Kinnara, of Uraga
q,if,ir:- 3ITT'TI. ffM'j, ;:,f\q:, (Snake), of Yak~a, of Rak~asa
=·
-, ~·, ~.
Ylq., =·
.3v ,., QiCll"''
~""\ \."I•, =··~-,·, (Devil), of Bhiita (Ghost), of
~'i=1-1=~:, i:/> I>! i:/>:, m:, ,iJ,-1 i:/>:, Preta (Hungry Ghost), of Pisaca
G:tii:/>:til fc1 I (Flesh-eater) and of Kabandha
~ c6 31 '.l.tl I~ 3ffi"lT c6 (Gnome).
~ q 'I f,i 3ITT'TI, ~ . ;:,f\q, ~lll'"f<ll'"l'll"'l t Ill'<J'Qllll'§C:.z:ia.·~ Ill'<ll
~ "Cffl'f, ~ . 9,c(' I C'l, l'fjvl.
111111, i:/>lxi:/>, m. "1'1i:/> "('fllff z:i111o1111·<i·<'l 111 ·§c:·z:ia. ·~ 111 ·<JI IU,111·~ ~·<la·
q :tl1 i:/> I
<I (111111· <J'<'l 111'§c:·z:ia.·~ ~,r <l j ~~·'\Ill' q·
Thirteen synonyms of self,
established by Non-Buddhists- ~lll'<ll i111·z:i~<'l'~lll'<ll ':l~'<'.1.§C:~lll'<ll
Self, being, life-force, birth- r.i.qfllj'<l~lll'<ll <'l3J'~lll'<lj l111·~111·q1
giver, rearer, person, individual,
~111''!:!'~ 111·<i1 "1"1~·~·.i 111111·~111·<1 I , 1·q·
born from human, human, doer,
expenencer, knower and 1c:·.:i·a·z:i·~111·<11 ei 111· <I' i~·?.f·~111·q;{II
beholder.
?I ,i) G:t I~Ej $11 '1 't ".J.d II £i ~ .
"]IIQ.'"1'"11111! 1ll /lll ~c:·1 ~c:·1 ~·!11 R1 'f1 I'1 ti $11 '1 '1,
C'll fi$ i:/>'111 cl '1 I'1 zj
!,11'1't, 4xllll!f$11'1'1, '.i;'.<Sl$11'1~.
&1r.i.&ri1 f·r.i.s1 "1~\!~I ~~·?.f1 r.i.~1 f1'jGl1$11"1'1, ~ . '!T'f-
clJ·1111 111 1 .f1'!11 ~<'l·so1·ai11 !,11'"1'1,
'
1'14$11111,
'
31"1111$11'1'1,
'
q xRlrn $11'1 '1,' al 111.-t<'l
.., I G $11"1'1,'
,1,i)G:tl 11m:- ~ci~:n;:, 11>1{a;:, lli,11111$11...j ~ I
4cl"ltli5:, 'l'()-s\li;;:, ~:. ~ !,lifil~ c6 m"[- ".J.dlll1 "$IA,
.R$"'1x!li;:, '3x•1t1ia::. <1en:n;-:, R1 'f1 I'111 ~ ' "11 fi$ i:/>'111 q ij I'1 ~
~:. "!citli;:, ~d\li;:, ~. 1:Rl!T~. '.i;'.<.9$11~.
R'i:tlliltli5:, ~ I f1~Gl1$11'1, ~ . '11'f$1H,
484
Set of thirteen
<14$11'4, 3F'<lli$11'"1, q~Rlct-1$11'"1, ',llfi<;'i!I '>{'Ill:- ~:,

a-1lilj<'Ylc;$11'4 ~ 'li31lil'4$11'4 I ~:.~:.
The thirteen types of know- ~ . ~:,31Rl"1ti'l-
ledge- Knowledge acquired ~. ~ . ~ .
through hearing, knowledge ~:.~:.~.
acquired through contemplation, ~•.~I
knowledge acquired through qf
worldly meditation, ultimate ll'j~dl, r1'-l<'ll, ~.
knowledge, knowledge of
31 Rl"1d~, -<j5,0'lli I, ~.
suffering, knowledge of · the
'i~'l'll, m . ~ . u4~£11,
origin of suffering, knowledge
'ft'l'flll'IJT, f.'if>Y'll, $11'"1cld"I ~ I
of cessation, knowledge of the
path, knowledge of dharma, ~ "iPI li i 311 ~ cji f?i cji~,
subsequent knowledge, know- ~.~.
ledge of other's mind, ~ . ~ . 31Rl"1tn-
knowledge of non-production of ~' ~ ' ~ '
the exhaustion and knowledge ~.~.~-
and Mahayana. ~.~(]~~!
'liT
~·qi'IIJ~&lf "l~·'\c.·2r-<1a·~r .r~·!\~· ll'j~dl, r111"11, ~.
~r ',"l'J''\111"-'<la·~r t&1·.:i'\·<Ja·~r 31Rl"1d"I, -<j5,0'llil, ~.
~\s.'\·<Ja·~r q_''\·"-?f<ia·~r gc.~·'\1"-· 'i~•1111. m . ~ . u4~£11,
ft 11 'f1 ll'lfT, f.'i f> q '-11 ~ $11 '4 cl Ji I
<ia·~r a.ic:"<1·~·~,;·<Ja·~r ~c.·~·.:rc.·<11l.· The thirteen grounds- Ground of
~r .:i·111af·<1a·~1 oi111~·<J1l.·.li~·~·~r Beginner, Ground of Aspiration,
Very Joyous Ground, Stainless
,~-~-~'l·~·~r Ground, Luminous Ground,
CJ~q_'lf Radiant Ground, Ground which
1s difficult to overcome,
"'I C.'<\ 1 Approaching Ground, Gone
'-<1'':i''\111"' <I r ~-a.i·.:i'\· <J r q_''\'S.'\'<Jf Afar Ground, Immovable
Ground, Ground of Good
~'\'"-~'<If gc.~·'\"l"-'<lf &1(<\·~·~,;'<Ji Intelligence, Ground of Cloud
~c.-~·~c.·"r .:i·l!jur<lr oil!j~·<Ja.-~-i~r of Dharma and Ground of
Buddha.
,~-~-~<1r 1'1'J'"l"lc.·<ir.(·~r '\<l·.:i'\· OR
r.ia·~r ill·~~-~·r.ia·~q_'rr Very Joyous Ground, Stainless
Ground, Luminous Ground,
485
Set of thirteen
Radiant Ground, Ground which oi lfl c; ~ I l}j ct1 f.hPJ. <fc1 ti 'f4i I~ I: -
1s difficult to overcome, mfa':. 31\1 Ir<-1:. x=rwmT, 31 fifm c/i'1,
Approaching Ground, Gone xi Ii Ir<-1:, Gt1 fc1 c1 Ii, is!lfi'r:, iJRT,
'
Afar Ground, Immovable xililYR'a:, 31f.'l<'llc11, '111ic/il~.
Ground, Ground of Good YC:<!>lll:, cll5!"1'1<!>lll~'i1~ I
Intelligence, Ground of Cloud ~ l}j ct1 Rt !I~<fc1 ti if<f> I~- ffi.
of Dharma, Ground of Samanta- 31~1r<-l, ~. 31xilmc/i,
prabha, Matchless Ground and
xiii Ifi<-1. m, is!ITT1, iJRT,
the Ground endowed with
xililYfca, 31f.'1,llcil, '11'1c/il~.
wisdom.
q c; <!> 1ll c!Qll cll "1 '1 if> Ill I
i1&1l!l',c:·&1~c:~·,;i""·~·,;i~·~·lla:,·"'::i·s,· The thirteen compounded
factors not concomitant with
i:ii·111~&1f ai:i·,;ii &J·at1·'J1 ~<>1·t1·o.J~o.J· mind- Attainn1ent, non-attain-
"I\ a.~·~,s·3),·'J\ {&JIS'~lll i111 !' ment, equal state, non-discrimi-
nation, meditative absorption,
'11 L!J'tl\ "lo\'S''JI Ei·f;"l''J';,1 Eic:·~· life, birth, old age, existence,
impermanence, group of names,
i"l~l £-"l·~·l°"l'SI u:i-~a·t"l'S'~o.J'S' group of words and group of
~11 letters.
486
Set of Founeen
.,,11·ci ·,~,:::cii·ci r c-,·"'111·1l. "'·ci·.,,11· c!J'i\41 ci•l'i&'I c:rci\ (1556-1603),

c/l'i\41 Dlfli•I c:rci\ (1604-1674),
cia·,·~,;,·ci~·ci~1l .,,&i."r'.'.r~i·111 '!:!i!.J'i!.lis~· cjj1-j\q1 ~ c:rci\ (1677-1701),
<lf ( 9990-991'"1) ,,,&j'Ol'~CJ·al~·q~~I cfjl-jjq1 vi•l'i&tj c:rci\ (1703-1732),
cfi'll41 'l,C:.:'l,c1 c:rci\ (1733-1797).
( 9'\0~-9'\<\"I) "l&!'Cl'"-C:.'~C:.·~·i1 c/l'll41 it•IIJl'I c:rci\ (1798-1868)
( 9'\i ~-9"1"11') "1&!'Cl'("l'Cli:l:~·i1 'cl I
<l!:Wfll~cl'.ll.fl <l>'lf41 if} t.rlc:i;
( 9"\~0-9'\i"I) "1&!''-l'~'CJ~~·<ij?J111~· 1!'Cfuf"ll"-
c!J'i\q I 'l,ft '{j'i i'...cll'1 q I
Cl\ ( 9"\i~-9~9~) "i&!'Cl'i!.J.fc:.·ci·~"I· (1110-1193), q,1-j\q1 ~ qafr
(1204-1283), q,1-j\q1 ~·1'!£•1 c:rci\
~~1 (,~,--,~~"I) "i&!'<J'l~·s:i~~· (1284-1339), q,1-j\q1 ~1c1q c:rci\
(1340-1383), cf,1-j\q1 ~~1'1 ~1'141
!'i!.id(i ( 9~~~-9~0u) "1&!'Cl'al'CJ!1'
(1384-1415), cfjl-jjq1 $[cfl
~·ir c9~0·-9~~~ l "1&1'<l'1cic:.·;~·~· c:'HC:'1 (1416-1453), c!J'i\41
tp'1t1,,,;•1 ''-11\:P'I (1454-1506),
i1 ( 9 ~ ~ • -?•o"I) "1M<l'l~·1~c:."r{ cf,1-j\q1 f?icf41q c:rci\ (1507-1554),
ir c9• 0 ~-9··~ l 1&1·<l·<'il·~~·~·t1 cfi'l\41 ci•l'i&'I c:rci\ (1556-1603),
cjj1-j\q1 1Jlfli•1 c:rci\ (1604-1674),
( ,••• -,• 0 9 ) "1&1'<J'Sc:.·tci'(i1 cf,1-j\q1 ~ c:rci\ (1677-1701),
( 9• 0 "1-9•'\'1) "1&!'<l'CJ~1'1l.~"l'~'i1 cfil-1141 "1'1tg,~ c:rci\ (1703-1732),
c!J'i\41 'l.C:.:'l,c'I c:rci\ (1733-1797)
( 9•'\'\-9•('•) "i&!'<J''il~·i!.il~;(l ~ c/l'l\41 it•I\Jl•I c:rci\
c9•1',-9,•i J Clil~·.r
(1798-1868) I
11
Fourteen rebirths of Karmapa,
«p 811 'j<!/,c l'.l i! 'I f4 I l; c-~ t'll the black hat holder- Kannapa
ii g_ cl' 'l I 1!'CfufClJ If.!- c!J 'i j q I Diisum Khyenpa (1110-11 93 ),
'l,f\'{J.'i' i'...cll-141 (1110-1193), Kannapa Drubchen Pak~i
cjj1-j\q1. §tj~.-j 11mT (1204-1283), (1204-1283), Karmapa Rang-
c!J'l\q I ,, I\!),' I c:rci\ (1284- jung Dorjey (1284-1339),
1339), c!J'i\41 ,lc'IQ c:rci\ Karmapa Rolpay Dorjey (1340-
1383), Kannapa Dezhin Shegpa
(1340-1383), cjj1-j\q1 ~~1'1 ~1'141
(13 84-1415), Karmapa Thong-
(1384-1415), i/>'1141 $[cfl
wa Dhonden (1416-1453),
C:1'1C:'1 (1416-1453), cjj1-j\q1
Kannapa Chiidak Gyatsho
<P'i,'\"''I "-H<P'I (1454-1506), (1454-1506), Kannapa Mikyo
cjj1-j\q1 f?icfll'lq c:rci\ (1507-1554), Dorjey (1507-1554 ), Kannapa
487
Set of Fourteen
Wangchuk Dorjey (1556-1603), nose sense faculty, tongue sense

Karmapa Chi.iying Dorj ey faculty, body sense faculty,
(1604-1674), Karmapa Yeshe mental faculty, faculty of
Dorjey (1677-1701 ), Karmapa maleness, faculty of female-
Jangchub Dorjey (1703-1732), ness, faculty of life force,
Karmapa Diidul Dorjey (1733- faculty of happiness, faculty of
1797) and Karmapa Thegchhog suffering, faculty of mental
Dorjey ( 1798-1868) pleasure, faculty of mental
displeasure and faculty of
'l°i'°i~·f°i·i'ir;•1rc.i~·1i:ir;·Zfi:i~·i:i~1 Eli:ri·~· equanimity.
'jCJ"'<vI[ .J,'C"J'l.''\CJ"'"[ 1<'.l.''\CJ"',C"[
y' " ~"
'Jj'l.' i·i:i~·i:i~1 f°i·iko.i·qa.·!1 "10.·~·~1
'jCJ"'q[ ~o.i·~''\CJ"'q[ Ji'\'~''\CJ"'q[ tlll·Qr"l·~·!r f'\·~·!1 Q~'\·~·~~1
.ra.·'\CJ"·?Sr .iio.·'\CJ"·?S1 ~lll·~·'\i:i"·?Sr "lc!J·~·!r f "·"'a.·tr CJ\CJ/.\'tl ~c:·1·
CJ~'CJQ,''\CJ"·crr i lll'CJ r"l·i"iCJ"·crr "'
Cl.&l!]'<l'l,'tl "' $'Cl'l,'tl
",1!]"1'<1<'.l,'tl "' ~~}
"'
Ji '\'CJ~' <IQ.''jCJ"'CJ[ Ji '\'3l'CJ\CJQ.''jCJ"'CJJ $'Cl'"'l.' t I lll<llllo.i· llll"7"' o.i·~·
"' t I ..,... ~
ai"l,i
CJlj ".i ol"i. ~· '\CJ"'Cl' CJ il"i ..:f11 ~i.\· !'~c!Jo.i·.:fr I

~"!ff "fif<h.ioe~~1fcl1- 'c[~- ~"!fffcfET: iq:- ihl~lg<J, l1Jl1-
R ll '1. '>/'1 -31 R ll '1, ai Iff! ci, R ll '1, ~. ~:~:, "11"1'1g<j,:, {lfil~j:,
' ' '
fGi ~ ii R ll "1., cb Iil R ll "1., lf'i- >11•fg<1,. ~i.-11g<1,, ~.
li R ll "1. (>11 ai ,~ R ll "1.), '.l,{> q R ll "1., 9,'l'i<i,g<j,:, ~ : , '1~,
,.jj R ll '1, ;:,\1 <1 R ll '1, '(!"1 R ll '1, ~ ~ : , Rl"14cblllg<j,, !JlJ-
'.i:: <l! R ll ~ , {~ ,i ai x-11 R ll ~, cb Ill g <j,~il fc, I
c{l4;.ix-11f.s;ll"1., ~ ~ I , m.: i; iq- ~ "cbT ~. q)lj q;j
m .: i; "fi f<h.i "c. ~m- 'c[~- ~ '.i::"& "cbT ~. "lT"1"'1 cpj ~
RR ll , ~ -31 R ll , ai Iff! ci, R ll , "{l"fq' "cbT ~. '1T'f "cbT ~ ~
FGi~ilRll, cbl11Rll. '1'1liRll "cbT ~. ~ "cbT ~. 9,'1'1<l, q;j
('11'1 ,~f.'\; ll), '.l,{>q f.'\; ll, f-o4~1Rll,
~ ,-qc;r ~. ~a+! ~ ~
"1'I <1 R ll. ~<l! R ll, '.i:: <l! R ll. ~. rJl "14 cb Ill "cbT ~ t!m
{-/1 ,i;.i x-11 R ll. c;~ 4aix-11 R ll cf~ t14cblll "cbT ~ I
i,qa'!Rll I Fourteen causes- Cause of
Fourteen sense faculties of the delusion, karmic cause, cause of
ever-afflicted phenomena- Eye suffering, cause of inanimate
sense faculty, ear sense faculty, ·world, cause of animate world,
488
Set of Fourteen
cause of path, cause of empti- ~~

ness, cause of happiness. cause
( 9"1f9-9V!~) ~~
of union, coarse cause, subtle
cause, extremely subtle cause, ( 9~"~-9~~'\) <!~\
cause of the two Form Bodies
and the cause of the il\3J"l'~.'3Ji\ ( 9~~"1-9~'\'\) UJil\'1iil\'
Dharmakaya (Tn1th Body of
Buddha). ~-oJi1 c9~'\f-9•9" > z<i~r:;·t·
oJi\ ( 9"9"-9"-\'\) a\t;"l'~;jr:;"I'
~"1-~il\·Jz;·i:r<i~·<l~f <l~.'Sil\l ~il\i.1
t'oJi\ ( 9"'\"1-9,Jo<,7) l',\"J'<!~r:;·t·
~-~I &;3J'e"·~"I ~<ir:;''l:il\l 5l·'lll
<!~ii\ SOJ\ ~r:;·~1 a;r:;" "I i{"1·~·il\"1'<i'\
.i!'<l\ l3JI "'"1~1 ~-oJ·ulil\·<iQ".~11
- -
oJi\ ( 9,J~'\-9'\0~) ~r:;·l'j "1"' t'oJa\\
( 9'\0~-9'\9~) ~"J-~ol"I' t·oit1
'i'1¥TI <'fl<l>41<'11:- ~:. <f'l:,
cR>UT:, ~:
..:::) I
.J~l
::;z 1'1: I
Jlfi';,: I
( 9'\9"- 9'1"1") olf "I' ~Q' t'oJi\
~'5!£i'1: , cITTT:
-i13, =>'ICHL, 3lt(:q>l'D'[:
c. ,
( 9'\"l'\-9'\~~) <l.~il\'"J"I'~·o1t1
~:. ~ . 1):~. 3l-ijx~'<1fa I
i./l~i; <'ll41<'1- ~ - <T'l, cR>UT, ( 9'\~"-9'1"~) ~<!'"1'1/il\'t'oJi\
~. ~ ~ 11 '1, Jlfi';,, ~Mt). cfTlJ. ( 9'1""-9f"l"I) "1'1/il\'<l.~il\' t'oJi\
'ITTW, 3ltfc!["'T. ~- ~. ~
( 9f"I~- )
"m 3JW' I
Fourteen guardians of the ~<'ll!f<'ll'll ll,;'l~ ~TI
world- Indra, Yan1a (God of 1!'.--J"uf .c,11 f.'I ~-1,<I q I (1391-
death), Varu9a (God of water), 1474), ~ 'lll\.Pl (1475-1542),
Kubera (God of wealth), Isana fl'H'l 1llltpl (1543-1588),
(God of No11h-East), Agni (God ll1•1f1'1 'lllBl (1589-1616),
of Fire), Nilif!a (Fiend), Vayu c1lolisi•I 'lllBl (1617-1682),
(God of Air). Brahma (Brahma B•lll'I 'lll\.Pl (1683-17067),
of the upper realm), Adha- c/>c1fl'I 'lllBl (1708-17~7),
Kµ~i:ia (Kri~i:ia of the Lower "11-Jll•I 'lll\.Pl (1758-1804).
Realm), Chandra (Moon). Surya cj'lffi'I 'lllBl (1805-1815),
(Sun), Prithv1 (Earth-Goddess) g,c1fd'l •1.11tl1 (1816-1837},
and Asura (Demi-god). ~ 'lllB1 (1838-1855), fcl-1"1
'lllB1 (1856-1875), ~oli'1'1 'lllBl
489
Set of Fourteen
(1876-1933) \'fm <1'1f'Gi'1 '<-11Dl ~"11$1'~' !1.'-'<:ls'<:1 I oJ·~i:i· rJ"-'i\"1i:<i·<:1~ I

(1934-....... ) I
oJ·?. ISl·rJ,'l.-ij"1 "l·~9 ~~·laf9·J°&<:l·rJ~
.-; cl I 'cl I 'l I .y; -.-.it .-; i'; 'J'luf"'l-
~-'§tj q I (1391-1474), ~ S1.rJI\.i\ "1 "l.<:1~:{II
'1.11Dl (1475-1542), fll"l'l '1.11Dl
(1543-1588), 1.11'1d'1 '1.11Dl ~TI ~fill'l--lltll:- ~:
(1589-1616), c'l'ltj,,1'1 '1.11D'I ;,iff1<1,gaq:, lie 31f.i~'ila~ac1:,
'
(1617-1682), D•ll.1'1 '1.11Dl 'il<"!I,/ fcl>t><1,gac1~i1~ I
(1683-17067), clic'lfl'I '<-11Dl -.-.it .-; ;a; ~ 3IT'l I tl- ~ •
(1708-1757), "1'11.1'1 'lllDl ~- U-: 3l f.i ~'ild ~ .<Rn 'clR
(1758-1804), cj'lctl'I 'lllDl Rl>t><t, ~ I

(1805-1815), tg,c'lffi'l '1.IIDI Fourteen faults of wrong
(1816-1837} ~ 'lllDl
reason- Four non-established
reasons, six uncertain reasons
(1838-1855), ffi'1"1 'lllDl
and four contradictory reasons.
(1856-1875), ~tjd"I 'lllDl
(1876-1933) <fim <1'1ftl'1 'lllD'I {i:;·,1·<:1s·<:1~1 ~i:;·fi:;·rJ·~11 ~-i,·rJ
(1934-....... ) I
~11 ~·~i:;·fi:;·rJ·~11 fi:;·rJ·~1·~·i,·
Fourteen rebirths of His
Holiness the Dalai Lama- rJ·~11 i~·2ff,·rJ·~11 \~·1-'l·rJ·i,·rJ
Gedlin Drubpa (1391-1474),
~11 "-~"l·slSl·fi:;·rJ·~11 "-~"l·"l·s~·~·
Gedlin Gyatsho (1475-1542),
Sonam Gyatsho (1543-1588), i i:;·rJ·~11 oJG'\."li:<l·"-1"l·rJ1\· i ,·rJ·~~1
Yonten Gyatsho (1589-1.,16), a"1·5J·..i1·rJ1\·i ,_.ti·~11 ~._.Q.3) 11:Ja·
Lobzang Gyatsho (1617-1682),
Tshangyang Gyatsho ( 1683- f i:;·rJ·~11 ,_,·i:i~~·(,·rJ·~11 t,r
1706?), Kalzang Gyatsho GoJ"l ~1·fi:;·rJ·~l I ,_,_.~·5J<'6"~·~\~·i,·
(1708-1757), Jamyang Gyatsho
rJ·~1·t:1~1Sl·~11
( 1758-1804), Lungtog Gyatsho
(1805-1815), Tshultrim ~ T I :tt-1.1 a I:- 31tll I<'-11 ~l'-11 ci I,
Gyatsho (1816-1837), Khedrub tjJ(U~l'-1.ldl ( ~ ) , "®"-
Gyatsho (1838-1855), Thinley 31tlil<'-11~),"lldl (~-
Gyatsho (1856-1875), Thubten ~'-1.lcil). ~),'-1.ldl:t),"lldl, 'lt':l~"<lcil,
q ~'l lcl:tj,'-1.lci I, f1 f<l)_d ~"<lcil,
Gyatsho (1876-1933) and
31*1 {-c)id ~"lid I, 31,ll'n ~"<lcil.
Tenzin Gyatsho (1934- ...... )
31'1 q ~ l!l :ti'-1.la I, 31'1 qqi I~~"<lcil,
490
Set of Fourteen
~c1zR1~t-1.1a1. ~- ~~«-i·;,'l·c;i~f«-iJ «-i~«-i-~«-i-~a;'\I !(~·

~lfl o1~L'-I.I a I mi'! 1
il'tc:i; ~l""lcill'l-- 3JU11<"i~'-llcil, \;'"I>;' ~-1<11 <f {"'1-~Cl«-l''-l'Cl$'q~i,_'11
<I I ttl ~l"'-Id I, offiU-31\cll l<"i ~t'-1 ci I '<J¥~ fl 1-J '-11: ("\l RJ $11: )- I), M -:-I.I
(31U1 I<"i tj f"6Elf ~L"'-I ci I). ~l"'-Id 1- 31,'-ll'I:, f.1,'-lf1'i'-14lc1'1'f. ~
~"'-I a 1. ,w: 1~L"'-1 a 1. 1:R'IT~~L"'-lci 1.
cJUcT 'c!, :fgc'.Ell-:"l'f, -gp:/:,
fl «!ici ~L"'-1 a 1. 31fl«!ici ~L"'-1 a 1.
'l"-sc1f.111\011t. ~R1'dl'i'f, ~ -
31 <'<Fa ~L"'-1 a 1. 31'1cl, l{i ~L"'-lci I,
{i 'l cl oIIf. '1.--::l "1 y:. 5,ti:!>x ti 1.11.
31 '1 c1 cf> 1, ~L'-ll a1. ~c1zR1~1"'-la1.
~ Ifu I cf> 011 oIIf. ~ 'l"11 (; cl.1-:-1.1
~ <12:IT ~lffO"T-
~L"'-lci I I 3140111. "1~<:11'-I 31R\1clu1'l.
' '
Fourteen types of emptiness- fl I'c\0 cl.1 cl t:m mi'! I
The internal emptiness, the il'tc;i; ll<f>lx ~ fl'l'-1 (YRl$11)-
external emptiness, the I) , M q,J "f'-l"l1T "'1 cf> , '11, "flc;T
emptiness of both external and "fllf'-1 q,J 4 I "1 '1 cf>, '11, q\j[ ~
internal, the emptiness of
cJUcT, :fgc cflT EJRUT cf> '! '11, -gp:/,
emptiness, the emptiness of the
l-J0,5(1 qi"] f.1'1\01, ~R1'd1'1, ~
great, the emptiness of the
ultimate, the emptiness of the qi"] .:w:rrr. ~ qi"] '-'fCI. 5,ti:!> I(
compounded phenomena, the "'cfllf. ~ Ifu 11.1'i q,J cf> 011 o I, ~ cflT
emptiness of the uncompounded 'l"lT "(;cl:l cfiT .:w:rrr. "1 ~ <:1 cflT
phenomena, the emptiness of 3ft4 cfiT .:w:firr "(1'2:11 fl IiU *t
what is beyond extremes, the
~I
emptiness of what is without
Fourteen commitments- Not
beginning or end, the emptiness
abandoning (three) Jewels,
of that which is not to be
always observing commitments,
abandoned, the en1ptiness of
vajra and bell, holding crown,
nature, the emptiness of all
fire offering, making ma1~<;lala,
phenomena and the emptiness
consecration, offering torma
of self characteristics.
(ritual cake), reciting mantra,
'\al'i"'ll'<l!j'Cl~J '\1'1·~¥111·.!:l-~z;,·1 '\~' commitment for ascetic
practise, protecting sentient
~111·~9·".i' ~'\ I ~,;·~"I\ 9:s9·~,;·,:i_a;z;,·1 beings, making offering to
Buddha, offering water to
i'I'~9 '\e,"1''1-f,;·q~l;,«-l\ >;Cl''<j'\"-l I
Zambala and arranging cone
9~,;-~·~,;j ~'<j"-l'Cl.ij«-l\ CIJ"l','<j«-l\ (Tsa-Tsa).
491
Set of Fourteen
~· .Ji'Q.~'S'\'Cl~'CI 1 ~Q'OJ[ o.J'~Q'OJ[ 1i::·1 sc:·~"'·"'·l"'".~"·!.J·111·1c::·1 1~·

~"'."'1"1 "''.'.\·~o,·ai1·"1 "''.'.\·~o,·ai1·"a.· i",'CJ'Q~'Cl,iQ'OJ'~ 'i' 'jC:'j ~,;·~",'~'-,'~'-,'
{o.JOl'Cl,~"1 c,,qf"l'"a.· i a.JO,'~"1 ~"1
"'~"'.S"'.~"a;oli·~1·!·"'1 01·"'1 "1~"'."I -

~i;·z:i ~",'!.Ja.''!:!"'''.'.\'!'"''~ 'i' \C::'j "l~"i ?f
~"1' ::,:.o.J 'i'~"l'N'OJX,'O,~ X,'Q""' )'i' \C::' j ..,,.
a; "'l
il·ry"l'"I ilc:~·af"l"'l ~"l·~·af"l"'l z:ia.·a o,·~,;·o,~ X,'CI' ~'\''\C::' j Cl'.'.)'j'~Ol 51
&i·~a.·af"l"'A""' ~II 5'i'" ~'i''\C::'j '\~' 8'o.J~~·il"i'i'Cl''i'i
~ T I f.'f\PJ,ifd ,-i 'f I, 1:- mfi'cf:. 'jiSl'Clil'N'r.J''-l~",'~Cl''l' \C::' j Cl.!:JOl'~ ~~·?f
31q1ftn:. ~. 31,-ifulcf>'j,
"-~"i·r.i·1c::· 1 ~".,. ;,"i·i~"i·~<:i·r.i·1, I
31'(.jfulcf>,i'ilYR'fi, ~ - .
~. vnfc'r:, "1xT, ~ . ~" ~"\·~· ~"1.~"i·a;i; <:i"l 'i "a.·ai\,~·
31f.1,llt11, '11'icf>lll:, Yi';cf>lll:, iCl'~ll
clJ 5( "1 '1 cf> Ill ~i1 frl I
'ifl c; 6 f®'"l],~ifd~'fl"-~'f<l>~I
,- >ITR::I, 'ft ii fif> Ix I fq {l s.st) tf!l lfi •I 'f/1
"l I ii .-J I '], "'ffll' ~cfTI 'ID:1:-
31 ~ Ifin. WflillT, 31 {jfuj cf>,
'i l'(~I Fchi clJ I f.l 1<1:, Rim I fi'lq I1.1«1~.
3H-ifulcf>,il-JIYR'fi, ~.
i i ~ W'lleflcf>'(Ol'j, ~ .
muT, vnfi'r. "1xT, ~~. 31f.1,llt1I, il\j,'161'1Jq Ifin:, q $11 q I'( fi'la l~I
'11 'i cf> Ill , q c; cf> Ill <ll!D clJ "1 '1 cf> Ill I 'iTIH clJ Icf>'( oI~~ fkq Ic;:, 1m'IGIHR!
Fourteen non-associated com- tlciYRL[o\a1, ~.
positional factors- Acquisition,
non-acquisition, similarity of
~.~-
<'G R'i-1 :, q frl $11 cl ffl{l llJ I<';'1~.
type, one having no discrimina- '
'3C:l,'li<'IYR~601l-J, ~-
tion, absorption without discri- '
n1ination, absorption of cessa-
-efcn:, 31 fclcf>ci q $11 q lxfi'lt1 Iqc; 1'1\-
tion, life faculty, birth, aging, QIY cf>'J"l~i1 frl I
existence, impermanence, group 'ft ii f if> Ix I fq 'fl s.si) ®'llll'f ~
of name, group of words and "I I ii .-J I '], "l ~ 'ifl c; 6 '4G- >lR
group of letters. q;] ~ IFchi "cf>T clJ IEl It1 cf> , '11, furn
~"'("1<N'f"'-·ci·(51·1:1a·aro1i·,o1i·~·1s·ci·ci~· "cf>T il1!]; x'l 31ildlcfi"
~.
cf>x'11, ~ cf'; 'fll-JlY q§i1"1,
Cl~J "''.'.\'i'~'51~·z:ito.J'OJ''jC:'j ~"l"''i ilR ~ <t'r J:!TM, q I'( fi'I aI 'ff
'jqf<; l!J'OI'~ 'i''\C:' j ~"i'~'N'"l~"l'N'OJ'~ '\' l-JTIH q Ifin q;] "i fc1 "ll cl IoD "cf>T ~
11' isf"'i', i;@rqe-T cl'; ~ 11' 3ARfc!
492
Set of Fourteen
et\ 4Rg:a\a1. ci4c1-a-,1 T"1 mi. ~ ~ ~. q~· '\.Q] .CJ' CJ~· "l" 93\ ~. q· '\~. 1 '\3J'
"ITT' ~ ~ ITT!, 3RlltlRUT c.J<>:t~·9ij~·ci1 s~·~CJ·!}~oJ~·~~·<J1
cg ~ Ic1 'tc'l mT '3 <'Y fn1, \.I ffi $11 mT
1Tif.'a" fi "-11 c; '1, l-Ji,11.fj c1 cfi tITT1lT i ~·~Z:.'Ol'~ Z:.' ''lS '\''-l I C\~' CJ'"l' 9~'\''-l'
cJ,, '11, xT<'<'IWf et\ \.I ffi 4 fn1 cm! s1·q·~·~CJ'CJ~·~·CJ{3J~·q~-~~·s":111J·

4 Ix fi1 a I cfi 31 fc1 cJ, c1 "4cff2l cfi
£-9·qj'1 .
\.114cJ, lJlll
The fourteen qualities of fl 11-t I ~ll ill1 fa~ 1'j,tll ~ "f ~"fl
practicing the training of the fi'l ~l"cfll-tll 1:- \.I I011ffiq lci:,
complete aspects- Overcoming 31C:<'i:11C:1'1'j, q-;111fii~li!lx:, ~
the power of n1iira, thought of cJR:, ~~"ll'l, 41'8"1'\, ~
\.I c1 I4:, 3!PiUTI, ell I4 Ic;:, fi:!v_rr::._
mind, beholding with eyes,
~:, ~I-II~ C:~llcg~lc'lcJ,'1\fill
approaching enlightenment,
<'lli!ti'II C:~lcg~lc'lcJ,1-t\fu1 41c'lf.11-
attainment of the four purposes,
ciclll~, fl,&4,lll'I:, ~ -
attaining liberation by prajiia- <'<IT'T , w:l!Fi 'cf 1ml 1-t I ,j '1, ,,H
piirmita to be born in a '
fifi'll4cJ,ix:, ~ il<:<11,: 'tc'lfll-!<11:
prophetic place, con1pletion of ~ fic!q1 <1l'l~i!\j,ci~1~t1R1 I
the antidote of uncontamination, -t-ll'll~ ~-~ ,t 3GJflN
becoming a person of Dharma- iitc;i, fi'l~l"c fll-tll- \.llfillil,lll,
teachings, making mara unable 31C:<'i:11C:1'1, cJ,11-tfi12211ill'/, 'iqlcJIC:,
to disintegrate, cultivation of i:r{fll', YI'(>~, ~-
extra-ordinary root of virtue, 3!PiUTI, clll41C: crm fi:!~11~.
practice accordant to promise, ~ Gfi 31 cJ, ~ Ic1 c/Jl-IT. cl>1" <'ll 1' IcJ, 'I
~
Gfi ~'g~~~Ic1J c/Jl-IT <ITT mq1=c1='1 ijj,( '11;

holding great result, accom-
~ <ITT <'<IT'T cJ,'1'11, ~
plishing the welfare of others
<ITT <'<IT'T q-;, '11, we\ ~ l'.f'1 ~
and gaining complete prajiiii-
1ffi'r 111 cti 4 q-;, '11 crm \.I Ifa Il/'i <ITT
piinnitii. 31 qq-; I< cJ,'1'11, ir <'IT'< '@" ~
!'\'t'\'ia.''\"I'illl'f!! ~j ~9, c/'; ~ # vfR ~ t I ir "'i'ITxT
'\'<IZ:.'Cl'Cl~'CI
9i'\l oJ'~3i'<l'<>l3i'<lj af9·9ii:loJj ~o\l

~ vfR '1x c!~C:il t I
Fourteen commitments accor-
™
ding to the general perfor-
!fol\ £'9'_§"CJ\ ~9''<(3"11 CJ~CJ'~oJ~,
mance tantra- Killing, taking
what is not given, indulging in
sexual misconduct, telling lie,
493
Set of Fourteen
slander, harsh word, idle gossip, ffi<!l1'<11'1i f.i.cc;1,

covetousness, harmful intention, ci":1«114~~1:, '«l'-c/,l'-1«1 ~.
wrong view (refraining from ;cftmclwf ~clwl >lfcr R,
-ii
these ten non-virtuous actions ~eicllful J;ITT'f ~ . wnuTi
becomes the ten virtuous 'Rf'H cl ffl <i, cl <"'J i, oI'i, mfur~
actions), abandoning the holy '
ctjDl'i, fl'i'-1i;c,Ql"li 'il'1~cf~l'1~.
dharma, abandoning the " '
!.I $11 '-1 I 31 f.i "G I itfi'r I
'
bodhimind, being miser at
'<'11 'i 1-<l ~ -"cRf ci, 31 :),tl I {
dharma and wealth and doing
harm to sentient beings (these
-...it i;i, 11,<'I I qf«l,i i- ~ cfi 1ml
are four root samayas (commit- ¥ ~. w\ cfi J;ITT'f ¥ ~.
~ cfi J;ITT'f ¥ ~. fc\w-+f";I
ment). By adding these four to
the ten non-virtuous actions, it
becomes fourteen).
~ 'Jlil (f":1' *
J;ITT'f ¥ ~.
'fi'ca ~ cpf c<TITI" c/,, '11, «I ~
"' cfi ffl <i, I'<11 c!5I f.i "G I, ~
S'i'i'<>l'~!"-''lli''l~I o.ii:;,r to.i·a.J·1\CJ' '1 !,li;l'1c/,{ cf":1' cITT '34~~1 ~.
'll\°i'CJJ t "1'"-1'1\CJ'<ll;°i'CJJ l~ '"~°''QJ' 3l1R m c!5I A.cc; 1. afuwf ~

~~ w\ cfi J;ITT'f {i ~ i, '3 iG "1
'i 'i. CJ.Cl l\°I.CJ I
~
"- '11' 'l!."l "'''i"'."l o.i "'.'l!."l"'' cjj ,.-i 1. m

a'!it *
>lfcr i'r.lt-
'WRT. Ef'iT clil' '«l'lTicf-~ '1fi
~ oJ<ll 'QJ. 'i 'i. CJ' ::i'i°I.CJ I 1i"l '""-. SoJ"'' CJ',ii:;·
~ 1'/ mx1'T c/, { '11, !,I I fil Ilfl t\
<lj "-"-'"l"\°1'~"1' ~Q'oJ~Q.' :l'i'CJ\ lQt;'oJ' ~ 'c/,T ~ et>~ '11, 'fi'l[1!
(!.1R1:,11) ~ ~ ~ c!;T
Q~"-'<1"-'"l"'"'' 'l!."l"''{ °''CJJ "-"-'~"1' :l'i' >-1 j<S11 clil' Pc: ,:si 1.-i 1 <fm J;f$IT tl
CJJ S"-'~<11·~·to.i·a.J·i!·.l'oJ·~·::i1 ~i:;·::ili· 31f.i.cc;11

Fourteen moral downfalls
a.J'SoJ<ll'CJJ t "''~oJ"''"-t::·::i~°'·!"''~::i· according to the general
action tantra- Having !inn
CJ"'-'"'~°1° CJ 1 ijl oJ "1 ',;°I·~' 'i'i' CJ'~°1° '<S°1° CJ I
faith in the Buddha, having !inn
'ioJ'("1'£i'a.J'Q '!l°l'CJJ ~ "1'"'-<l'oJ'i 'i'CJ''iZ::' faith in the Dharma, having !inn
· faith in the Sangha, having firm
::ili·::i~i{II faith in the knowledge-mantra
fll'll .-1.1-il'l fcF-::11 j,fl I~ 0 1 ~'fl
and secret tantra, discarding
loving kindness regularly,
1I,<'114ctl'1:- ~ >ITT'r ¥~- criticizing the philosophy of the
wl J;ITT'f ¥~- x,'E[ ,rfct oneself and others, g1vmg
¥~- RI <11 >1 .-,i '],tu a.-,i -ii >lfcr teachings on tantra without
¥~. fii;l~:'{'11-&11'1:, «Jq~qj conferring empowerment,
494
Set of Fourteen
belittling one's own body, QRI $11 cJ c:ii,i 1-q Ic: '1't. '3 c; Ix Fcl q Ict,-
having doubt in the interpret- q Ril g 0 111.. 'flx Q$11 q Ix r-i<i IQ'cl I, .,.
~
c;~I\ \jy Y 8
cultivating loving kindness to m "1<!1.-i m<R, '<i 4']."1-
the ten fields, holding all '<i "1 "i <i I ilfc'r I
phenomena to be inherently 11 <l'f 11 'J,UT ~ 'ci't c; 6 'lfG- lITTT <i51
existent, refuting the faith of ~IF@ "c/,1 ci.11E11<i qox..-JT, ~ cfi
sentient beings, demonstrating
the substances related to
~ - '.f<G <i5'r Wffi ~ ffleTI<l,
et,, '11, '<i l-<41 ~ cfi f.'1 et, c. q §'cl '11.
commitment to human beings
'i i', I fcl q Iet, . 1P'lffi Q$11 q I, fi'1 <i I "c/,1
and not criticizing wisdom.
'3 q ~~I et, ~ "i',T'iT, <ITRr ~
j,;.·1:1/S.·<lf°'l,;°'l·r:ii·1:1~1 "'~'i'~:oJ~·<itoJ-'JJ ~ - 3ffil'cITTUI '!!,~I c'l 'fc'I <i51
<!lt:: <!l' ®,'!l·~-~~i::~r~c:.·oJ~°'l''J I <!lc:.<!l·

'3 ill R'\-1. x-M"r ~ RI $11 c1 a
'
3'fm
"c/,1
'l'~ '<J"'"'~._.l-El"~~-'J\ ~~ ·<ii.\· i-<i·~°'l·.:fz;·oJ·&i°'I· ,i "1 "i "i',T'1T I s
CJ' i. <iJ ~oJ· <i ~.<ii.\\°'I'~ oJ <!l'il\ ~<J' CJ I Fourteen qualities of training
(of a Bodhisattva)- Annihila-
~oJ-~°'I-~ '"'!.l<!l'8,'!':i '<JI ~ oJ<!l' il°'i·~-~°'I· tion of Miira 's power, attention
and knowledge of the Buddhas,
~<J' ~<!l''J] ~-<J~<!l'JC:.'~.,-~°'1-~<l·.:i'·?. <!l' being within the manifest
'J._-i<J''J I ~"-~°'I· ~<i·si·9i::·~-~"·<ii.\·'!:l"l' eyesight of the B uddhas,
approaching the state of
~ "'i<!l'°'i<!l'"'§·<i·~c:.·r:i·~°'l·~·s· <l\ "I°'I. enlightenment, great ripening
result, becoming a speaker of
'i°'l'~oJ <!l 'il~.ii:f"-<!l '~f<l]<!l ''J~l 1 the perfection of wisdom, non-
1 1 ~ ~ ~ T I 1fGT:- "l"R- deflection from the complete
~lfckicl11 E1 l<i:, '.fl:,lfi'1Qll1<'<l't, ~ -
enlightenment, cultivation of
extra-ordinary root of virtues,
'cl~ ~&l'icl>x"l't, ~-
accomplishment of all the vows,
A'+\Tq:, 'iiolfclYlct,:, ~ -
achievement of extensive and
Ylxfi'1<il'l-ll"lct,g,t;q<11. ~-
great fruits of merits, ability to
3ffil'cl I, oI'!!, ~ I c'l 'f<'ll ill ft-1 :. '1'l- work for the welfare of other
495
Set of Founeen
sentient beings, attainment of 'c1R ¥ iJ'lffi1 c/, 3Ff1' fcl 3ITTl

profound perfection of wisdo111 %) I
from life to life, copying and Fourteen classes of person-
chanting the perfection of Infantry. cavalry, elephant
wisdom teachings everywhere cavalry and charioteer (these
so that the teachings flourish four classes belong to the
and accomplishment of all K~atriya caste), hermit, lay
qualities. practitioner and ascetic (these
three classes belong to the
ll.S.·~"l"l'c:i~·c:i~1 "i"·~c::·1 lftJI mc;·ii\·
Briihmai:ia caste), scribe, mer-
tJI ~c::·1·tJ· ~· ~QJ·~9"l·r:i~ I i\9oi i\' chant and physician (these three
classes belong to the Vaisya
l!Ji\"l'tJI SoJ'"l''IJi\"l' tJ I '\"l"-'!:,r:i·tJ· ~. caste), farn1er, herds111an, potter
and householder (these four
5li>J'!l1\.·~9"l·l!J~oll cll9·3Jl""il a;'c;·tJ1
classes belong to the Siidra
1\i\·tJ·~'(~'IJ"l''IJ~3JI l!l'l!J~·!i'·r:i1 r:i· caste).
<>Jc::·!c::·c:i1 a.~3J-QJl!l'tJI S3J'l!J"il!l.S\tJ. ~ic::·c:i~·c:i~l ~lic:i·'\2ii\·"l c:iioi·tJ '\''I

~
~
c:,,. c,,..
''\3J" oi·"'9 oi·r:i·r ~3Jl!l' "l II
....,.,
<I~ ·r:p:,~9oi·tJ1\.'Q"]Cl.'QJOJ'".'\Ol'tJI ~l~·
~:.>lf«lEI: 'll--tq:- qc;1fac/i:, ~"i."'."-1:l,. r:i I :l.3J oi· Cl"\'" Q I :l.'. i1loJ1.<1'
31 :.' <1 c/i:, g f«l cf>:, '<~FFcl I, (pt
~,;·Q1 l°oi·"'·5\'-11 9oic;·Q·j9·tJ1 11,
1Hf?t41-) <1 '1 <1 Ifil. ~ , cl q'Nl
(~ isll5lDII) cf>lll'!{c[, ~fillc/\, 2J·AJ·Q\"l'tJI ,;c;· Q~i\-'\l!J'tJO.' t "l'AJ·<i·l,r
~- (pt tw:rr.)
'
,nq1c'lc/i: ~ :'
~-QI 9~9·oi\·'\c::·a.~9"l·tJ1 (,·~'\ai
' ~
'Jtol<'llf11-
(pt wrr.)~1 r:iioJ'tJ I '\'\'~·tJ1\.· ~i,J"l'~i\·"-~"i-~I
-i,t, i; 6 ~ I '< ~ 1,:j,\S!l"
qc;fafac/i, 31~<'1c!i, gf«lcf, ~ ")i>J'~"l·~-r:i~"i·a) 'l~i\'tJJ ~i,J·,;r:i·oJ,;'ih
'<Q:lll'f1 I (if "i'1R ~ iJ'lffi1 ci, tJ'r:Jo"l'r:iil·r:i~~I I
31'f1 1fcl 3'IB %), <1'1<'11<l'l, ~~
~ cl q 'Nl (if cft..! is! I61 oI iJ'lffi1 ~"!fr 'lc'll4<elll:- <1"11<114«1
c/, 31'f1•fcl 3'IB %). c!illH~. 3M '11•1'1 I, 'j' Icl <1 <1'1 Ifa ili'i "I~-
~ fiJ Icl\ ~ ~ (if cft..! ~ iJ'lffi1 ~ 'l1 r'l .fi "'q sITT'r x]q '
ci, Jl'f1 1 fcl 3'IB %), ~~<!>. ~Jlclll'I:, ~ : . ("f<'l-
1nq1c'lcf>, ctq;1~ <11m 'Jtol<'llfft (if q~fll {~ <i, I f.'n c/i) \cl >1fll 1'1-ll If..~ 1'1~.
(31 q Rq qqf{ftj Ii sm'r) '_!tile! I~ I
496
Set of Fourteen /
~ct>l<l1'1, ~~ 31'R11,--"1-11'1'1, observing the commitments

' '
~tf1f 1mf fF<:t;:, properly and despising women.
".,,vf'i 'Ii fP f:, ~"llct Ill I 3J'l'ITcl"'1T,
,i::·~lll'Cl'lj&,''la',~'Q!'Q~ l al, "l'~i!\'!j"l'
llx~<i,llll ~. '(i'1~~
'
<-1'2.11 cl ct q IC'l '1 '1, f-'Q1 ~ "G I ~ I "l "'~"l'~"i·ii·'i"l·1:1 I "'~"l'~"i.'i'11·Ji::·
' '
iiil Gil 1I,<'I I q Rd ll i- cl (ii Ii1 I4 clil"
31 cl'11 '1 '1 I, W@ cf> cl i1 '11 cfiT
'i '11'' 1' ii. 'i"l 'J<:: ii. 'i"l ''I I 'i"l 'q· "<<::'•I
\j C'i.-i E1 '1, q(ii ~ ~ %"! ~ cl:l ii\. ii.!\ "l' ,_. "'i::."'' cl:l ii\ I "'~ir,·~ ii\'°'~"'.
1mf ~ ~. ~ cfiT <'-TT'T,
~ cfiT <'-TT'T, ("fcl" <-IT 1lx ci,
"1 <& IPa c/,) WI clil" ~ "G I, "'~"'·,i:J\Ji::· ci:f'\·"l 'al~"'·al'\· Ji::· al'\ I
31 q Rq cfcl m<r x'r '.l,(;.l a I cfiT
~ct>l<I ct,'(11, "fci"-~ clil" "'~"'''\ i::. '.l:"i. q· "<<::'"' cl:)ii\ '('l 'ii. '.l:"i' q·"' i::.
31c1gci1'11, ~ - ~ WI ci,
.i"il ~·q~"i·l!Ji1"1~·1:1·~·"i~·af'\1 ~·
1mf fF<:t; c/,'<('11, ~ x'r 'lif1•f.
~l"ll ct I clil" 'BTcl'lT "'itt et, , '11, .i~"i·l!Ji1"1~·1:1·~·"i~·al '\ I ~ ·.i~i!\'911'11~·
~ clil" ~ "If cljqtfFJ \jell "1
1:1· ~ ·"i~· ar'\·Ji::·ar'\·"l 'al'\· Ji::·al'\1\ .i~"i·
et,'< '11, "fll'fll (~fa $11) cfiT < . [ ~
q I C'l '1 "I et, '< '11 <l'2.IT ffi clil"
911 ir, ~·,.. ~ ·"i ~ ·ar'\·,.."'i::·"'. cl:l ii\· al '\·,.. "'i::·
~"GI I
Fourteen root downfalls- iii!\ l ~"l'~·~~·cl:la:,I ~"1·:11i::·iri~i!\'"l'
Belittling the vajra master, ~~· :ll"-'"l ~ii\. <I ;i~· "1 ~· "1~~! l
transgressing the precepts of
Sugata, speaking badly of vajra ~,f~T 3lclll~Gtl'lf:- ~ll~cldl
brothers and sisters, abandoning c'ITc/,:, 3l~ll~ci<11 c'ITc/,:, <IJ<q<1J
loving kindness for sentient ~I l~clct ~i-1. "ref
~1 l~clct1 "ITTTT-
beings, abandoning the mind of <q <1 <1'1,
s:,
3Ff1 cl I ""11 et,: ,
'
3f'1'"'n'-
enlightenment, despising the "'' V',.
cl I""11 et, :, 31 'fi cl I c'c1l et, ~i-1 I'1 'f1 cl 1-
V
philosophical teachings, expo- <'<'1,l c/> <1'1, ~ cl I'f1 cl I"1 I'1 'f1 cl i~i-1.
sing the secret of tantra to those "'fc!fi'r -am-ra: i:r,i >ix o11 a, "I
who are not ripened, n1istreating "'fc!fi'r am-ra i:r,i ~,ix=u=11=a, "'fc!fi'r
'
one's aggregates, abandoning '
"'cf "I "'fc!fi'r "'cf -am-ra: i:r,i ~,i,~0=11=a.
emptiness, associating with bad '
friends, not reflecting on
"ref "'fc!fi'r "'cf "I ~ "'cf n'2.IT'Tct:
emptiness, disturbing another's 1:R '1 '1 o11 ct,' x'l "1"1 cl «-1 'i'lii {l, '1,'
faith 1n the dharma, not 3R1T ~S"l!'<U{l~ ~ I
497
Set of Fourteen
if1 i; i; 3l c21 I <lfff EJlf- c'lTcf ~ 11 ~ cJ ci force and the body are
t. c'JTcp 3l~ll~cJci t. ~ll~cJci ~ independent of each other.
3l~ll~cJci t. "f ~ll~cJci ~ "f 11,1'1:l~''l~ \ '3JI!,!'H"i'~'l!,l I >;l:l'}"i<!J"''l:I<'.\'~,
3l~ll~cJci, 3l'ncJl'i c'lTcf, 3l'i'ncJl'i
' ' ~· 31·a:i"i·qi.\.· 1!,11 ;{"i·s "i'qi.\.·1!,11 ;{1·~~
c'lTcf, 3l'ncl H ~ 3l'i'ncl H
' '
c'lTcf, "f 31 'n cJ I'1
'
"f 31 'i 'n cJ I'1
'
i:i .\.·1!,11 sc::l!,l·'\1"-·i:ia·l!,!1 31 (~·5·~,_.
c'lTcf, ~ cj j OI et '3 q,: I'n (f21T'@
qq·i!,11 ~c::·5·~c::·i:ia·l!,!1 .:i·<!Jilfi:ia·~r
cp"f 31~0'1. ~c1\01 et ;aq,:i'{'l
(f21T'@ cp"f 31 '1 ~<"I, ~ cj IOI et ol<!]i!,!'<Ji.\.'l'SJl!,!'~'1!,11 ll!,l·~-~~·~·~1
13q,:1'{1 ~ cp"f 31~\il ~
'\Zi'&l\<Ji.\.'1!,11 c'.il·~-.i-~·qi.\,·1!,11 1~1
31'1~\il, ~c1\01 et \j~-(1'"(1
(l21T'@ cp"f 3l ~ \ii ~ "f
"f ;{'\'e,'·1_q'l!,l' ~ ·i:i~·i:iq;{11
31 'i ~\ii, Cf<1T ~ wfu t1° vftcr u.ir::~1
t? TI2:ll Cf<1T ~ wfu ~ t ~
vftq ~ ~ t? ',l:1'1''\<!J"''l:IJ ~'3J'&l')'<l1 ~\~1·~1
Fourteen unspecified views- A it\"'?i·i:i1 sc::·'\1"-·i:i1 (~)"'~~Qf
31
permanent world, an imperma-
nent world, a world which is ~c::·5·.:rc::·i:i1 £1·<!] ilf·<J I ol<!Jl!,l·qr.\·zm~r
both permanent and imperma-
nent, a world which is neither
ro.i·~-~~, '\r:i·a:i'\·il!,l, t'.il·~.,-~~-~a·
permanent nor impermanent, a I!,!' -:i~·1·it"i·~·l!,!1 ~-1,a·l!,l·~·<lfl:l~il"11
world which has an end, a world
which has no end, a world ~ T I ''('l<l:- ~ : ,
which is both with and without ~ . ~ : , WWITT\-
an end, a world which is neither ~:, ~ . tl,5,"11ll'JPl,
with nor without an end, the ~:, 'h~-s;'1'11'lfl\:,
existence of Buddha after ~ : , ~ : , wlirm-
passing into nirva1Ja, the non- ~. ~ . $1Hcici1'lfll,
existence of Buddha after ,1 '1 'n '11 ~ cJ ,,r'!fi'i
~ ii R1 I
passing into nirvalJa, a Buddha qf
who is both existent and non- ~ :J,f.; ci I, fcl '1 c1 I, >flW!Jft,
existent after passing into
3lfcltlictl, ~5,"141, ~.
nirva1Ja, a Buddha who is
3fcrc1T, ~ . ~ .
'i-~'1'11,
neither existent nor non-existent
after passing into nirvalJa, the ~ . ~ . <l"R!-
life-force is the body and life- ~:. ~1
498
Set of Fourteen
'<ilea; "IJlllli- ~ . Radiant ground, Ground

~ . ~ . wncim- difficult to overcome, Approa-
ching ground, Ground gone
~' ~ ' ~ '
~ . ~ . 3fi'lill- afar, Immovable · ground,
Ground of Dharma intelligence,
~' ~ ' ~ '
Ground of Dharma cloud
~. ~ cf2TT '
fl 1-l''d"i (; q ,,flfri
I Matchless Ground, Ground
endowed with wisdom, Ground
<IT
of Samantabhadra and Vajra-
!.I :l,R ct I, fc1 'l <11 WTiclm Ground
31Rf1S1-Jtf1, 'tl<l,"1.!Jl. ~:
'[~'I'll, 3fi'lill, ~ . t1'1~t1I, ~'\·r,i·q~·q~ l "'~'\"'J',""l ~9•.rr.ii'\·~·~9~·
~ . ~ . xi'l'ct- ~"l "l~"l~ '\<;""l~"l~'3l'\"~~·~·tJ~·~·
~ ~~I
The fourteen grounds- Ground tJ ~'\ 1 ~'\·"'~r~-~-"l°'~·~·'\s·tJ~-tJ~ 1
of Aspiration, Very Joyous
El· '\c;·'\~~- tJ" tJ ;,;~·~II
Ground, Stainless Ground ,
Luminous Ground, Radiant ~GTI 'll<IT:- ~ qill-J~ql:, ~ -
Ground, Ground which is tllctl<q:, ~ : , R'"~ili
Difficult to Overcome, Approa- ii (j,41 '-l<l , 'l jCi/1 , '1 xqi ~ i1 f2I I
ching Ground, Gone Afar -,it C::i5 "fir- "9: qi l'l~q, ~ l1T(j,
Ground, Immovable Ground
' <ITT ~qctl, m l1T(:J, cITT ~qctl,
Ground of Good Intelligence,
Ground of Cloud of Dharma ' FA'{ 4~ (lfW ctt 'cJR lll f.'ni i.
'l jtii1 cf2TT "'1"Tcli I
Incomparable Ground, Ground
of Possessing Wisdom and Fourteen types of cyclic exis-
Fully Enlightened Vajra tence- Six types of Gods of
Ground. Desire Realm, God of Form
Realm, God of Formless Realm
OR '
four types of birth in animal,
Very joyous ground, Stainless
human being and hell being.
ground, Luminous ground,
499
Set of Fifteen
'\Sl'Clili!J.CJJ ~llr possesses power, his mind is

fully liberated, possesses extre-
CJ'~'\'CJJ ~3i·ii'z;i!f3J')'CJJ '\"z;·~·~,;·CJ1 mely liberated wisdom, he
~ i!JIN'~3i'':j' ~i!J'CJ>;'?J"l'Q j ~1N'>;Q'~3i'':j' knows all about a subject, Great
Elephant, he has performed
~i!J'CJ>;'?J"l'<l! ilZ:.'~IN'CJJ ilJZ:.'C/'~3i'l:Jj activity, he has discarded the
burden, he has gained his goal,
S'"'SIN'CJJ f,;!,"''Q>;'Clj "'\9'~''\3ilIN·~· he always observes the cyclic
EJQ'CJJ ~'\'CJ':)3i';i ·j,;'Qj ii:j'z;IN'~'~'\'CJJ existence, he has completely
extinguished, his mind is fully
"' i!JIN'"13i';j
"l'1]'l.' "'IZ:.''\II]' CJ IN'"< ~
'~i!J' CJ>;' SJ~"I' liberated due to the supreme
teachings and he has attained
Clj ~i!JIN'~''\"lZ:.'~i!JIN'il'\'"l'Ol'("l'':j'S~· the supreme perfection in mind.
CJ1l:i!Jillj'EJQ'CJ~ll
~lljlN'tfQ~~l ~"l'~i!JIN'~'Sll]IN'CJ! EJ'I'
JS! I t'll l:f3I' ii <; 'l I TIUfT:
..,, - 3IB"fl,' CJ,'l:s91!,rCJ1 tQIN'CJ 3:s91N·CJ1 i1·qa·
f11'<1c1em\ (af1011"<1cf1). f.'laj~ft.
~:. -jFcl '.J.<li.'1 R1 rn <1>:. Sll]IN'CJ! ":J"'·~a.:~lljlN'CJJ ~llr''l~,i·
tJ,fcl '.J.<li.'1 q $11 c1 Ii, 311 "1 l'ill~I.
i!JfllN·CJa.·s 91N· CJ, '\Q ~·9~1N·~·s9,i·q,
'1t;l'l\i1:, cf>ctclt<'l-1<1>:, ~ .
"1 cJfi lll "1 'il gz:.IN'CJ'l.'"'l 3i''i3i'~·:, lljlN'CJ!
.,........,.. ~-;::. - C\
311 <"i 11!.lijc'I I~. "'1 'S'\'~z;·~~·
~:
.
-"'Fcl~'.j,-<li'1_c.Ri_rn_cf>_:.
'11~'1
'
qtjcf>li/0'1'1
~tir.,\4-P-Rl""rn=cnq~Fi'>mlq=li/ Sll]IN'CJ! 9~91N'Q~Z:.'Q1\:~91N'CJJ "IZ:.'1'
r1ct1Ql4cf>~il I J\~·s91N·CJ1 '\'"z:.·~·'"a.·s9,i·q1
JS! I <5 q 'iii; 'J;Uf- ~ .
f11'<1c1em\ (&11011"<141). f.'laj~ft Gl.f,;•lljii:j'llj'Cl~Z:.'Cll'\'S lljlN'CJJ Cl1Ni!J'llj1j~'
~. '!j,Fcl'.j,iffi ~. '\Z:.'i!J(~·~IN'~'Sll]IN'CJ! ~·~·~9,ii·
tJ,fcl '.J.<li.'1 q $11 c1 Ii, 311 "1 I'i lll,
'1§1'1"1, cltctclt,llcf>, ~ . Q{ '\'CJIN'S lljlN'CJ''lillN'~ll
'
3IT<"il~. 11 c1 ,-i lll "1 'il,
tB{ili;;'llf<lEJ: lff'l: (Git:)- ~-
~efl oIcf>, f1 Rl cl\ cf'cFf cl'; I, oI
J:JR:, ~Fci 'i l'1 :, f1 ci:b li/'i I'1:, >lfu-
Fcl'.j,<!i.'1 ~ <11!.JT "flc[-
''11'1 'i I'1:, ~ : . fcl£11cg~lcF·ll'J:,
Rirnlc1~141i/r1ct1Ql4cf> I
fcl fcl <li'1 c1 If1'1 I'1: (~ cf> I'f1 c1 Ifill 1'1:),
Fifteen qualities of a Sravaka-
~rn ~
'1"1'1 I'r. 31 c'YI' q <1>," 1111' •11J 1,i:,
Foe-Destroyer, he does extinct
'!j,'{i)q1J1'1:, *1"-1"'11'1:, Fclgc111Er-
to contamination, he has
cfj li/q I~ 'i I'1:, '{j414C:Acl cfi-
eliminated delusions, he
500
Set of Fifteen
':J.ifd c<l '11 'i :,

U1 I'i Ifii $1 ':J.i!d '11 'i :, <lj <EC:.IN'<I\ IN".''ij'SI\ l'\<lC:.'\ ~<!]IN'
ec1c11"11•11R<1tc1 {1 R1v11c1 ii1'i~t11 "~ 'SI\ " :,:'l\
<l'\J:!] .i\'<l \ ~J:!]'<l"1C,'J:_IN'""
q 'iii; "!f"ili"R ~ 1{A (G'f)- ffl
q,f '1T'i' 'WI"
q,f '1T'i' i:rfc'r:rr q,f lf.51..ii <;~I R<i, q I t•ll :- = :
... ~ . 'l'I'
<11,: '
'1T'i, <'11'>1 c/>T '1T'i, fl c<li 1, c/>T "cl"'(iU[:. e

<1ei-,. 31 fr.-1 c1 ,, '1e'ffl:.
'1T'i, fuw ~ 't ~ IC'1 ffl c/>T "IIT'i, qc1.-iec1:, ~ . m. 'i[i1ecJl,
f2I f2I cft1 cl Ifl ( ~ cf, I'f1 cfTfl) c/>T '1T'i,
'3i1"1;: ' 1 1"1~1: ' =rt:
\1,.'-1' = ·
'-1"'K•,
.,,,~,iaffiis>r.~=~~ti&R, I
!jfd 'J" I c/>T '1T'i, 3lc'CT '3 qcf,, oI
q ~ (; ~l1l<-[- ~ . <11'!, "cl"'(iU[,
'l1TTT ffl
q,f q,f "IIT'i, '§f> q
~
q,f
e
<lei-. 31 fr.-1 c1. '1e'[fl. q c1 'i c1, ~. e
"IIT'i, t1 ~"' q,f "IIT'i, m. 'i[i1ecfl. '3i1"i':, '1"1~1, xff,
~ J;IT({f ffl c/>T "IIT'i, wu ~ TIW ~'1fii~ I
qJ1'R ~ ,1 c1 cf, "# 'lcRf ffl c/>T Fifteen guardians of the world-
"IIT'i, tl:IT'i ~ 3lfi'r$1 "# 'lcRf ffl lndra, Yan1a, V arul).a, Yalqa,
e
c/>T '1T'i Tim cl T '1T'i I Rak~asa, Pavanadeva (God of
Fifteen types of pride- The pride wind), Bhiita (Ghost), Brahma,
of morality, pride of much BhiimidevI (Goddess of the
hearing, pride of confidence, Earth), Upendra, Gai;iesa, Siirya
pride of acquire1nents, pride of (Sun), Candra (Moon) and
honour, pride of possessing Vemaci ttra.
intellect, pride of abiding in
solitudes, pride of ascetic
practices, pride of having few "1"1"' l -.. - ......
~ ,;· ~ '\' \"1'<1<'.l.'"1"1 !
"' ~SI'".~ '-''\"1'
necessaries of life, pride of
good appearances, pride of c.i&:i:ii~ 1 ,;c:.·q~°'· '\i:ii· c.ia.:i:ii~ 1 "-F,;·q,l
wealth, pride of power, pride of l:!] ""j \ "'"'
~f "-°I' QJ IN'"-'\IN'<Ill., ~
l:!] "j \ ,;,:: 'Cl '1°1'
possessing 1nany servants and
retinues, pride of being "' "'
~ 'l:!]"j \ "' "' \
~SI'S]<:_ IN':)l'l:!]"j SI~ '-'l:!]J J:!]IN'
endowed with 1neditative
stabilization and clairvoyance c.ici. "1~ \ '1°1''\Sl''-1"-'l:!]~ \ '-l:!]IN'<l"-'l:!]~]
and pride of the praises of gods "'~•1 l '.:}°I.!(.........i:i·.1
s·i:i "-'"1 ~
"1 "1...... l '"'1°1 ']' s· i:ii.!:
"'
and nagas.
i:ii~it\\
5"11N'jc:.·cif·~r '\<lC:.'tl\ ~a(i-1 ~'<l'\"1
lf.51.:il <;~I f<l1oj ~- ~
"1{'\'i°il al''ij\ ~°''tl\ ~C:.''ij\ "-§C:.' '
501
Set of Fifteen
fclc/>l,c1*1, ~ fHil,- R 11 'j, fti i'l.~ R 11 'j, et, I~ f;; ~ ~.

<ffil, f.'I c1\o IcJ{1, ~ 1~4*>4'1, ~:. 1Rl:, 'ffi:,
411\11 cl f1, f.'itd I cl f1, ~ ffi '<'.ell {11 ~e,:, t1 '114<1'1+>4
~ '1a>lclf1, <i'ifi'l<H-j. tl I
~a>icl{1 ~ I q -ii i5 II if> I~ '.t "{iiq- ~ ellg.
q -ii i5 II if> I~ <!fr cJ SRJ,'{'- ~ u1c'f mg, GW', mg, cfJll mg.
'l'IT-;:;,af <lfl <ffil, ~ mi'[ <lfl tl~RR4, ~--:lR4, .-i1ffl~f;;~,
<ffil, ~ <lfl ~. ~
(3 q tl" ftii'l_~R11. c/>1~R11, ~ ""'·
fclijj" <lfl ~. ~-~ <lfl ~ . 71~. "1, {'.!'<'.ell c!iT 1l<!i
<ffil, fi f1 " <!fl <ffil, f.'I cl IOI <!fl -qe, TIW t1 '114 <1 '1 <')q I
<ffil, ~ <lfl <ffil, 411 \11 <lfl Fifteen types of form- Element
<ffil, f.'I td I <!fl ~. "R'i1tl <lfl of earth, element of water,
<ffil, ' ~ <lfl <ffil, '1a>1 <lfl element of fire, element of
~. • ~ TIW ~a>i
wind, eye sense faculty, ear
sense faculty, nose sense
~I
Fifteen types of basic codes: faculty, tongue sense faculty,
Basic code of Pure inanimate body sense faculty, visible
world,· inhabitants of this form, sound, smell, taste, a part
environment, set of offerings, of of tangible object and form the
change, by nature, cyclic exis- mental consciousness.
tence, nirvii,;za, nature, number,
ultimate, ultimate meaning,
Ql.sr<:i~o!i·!·~.sr,r,:il· ~! ssCJ'Z'·&i1·<i&·
coarse, subtle, conventional and ~3/'CJ\ ~O,l'CJ'Z' &l'\'<id.'~3/'CJ[ C\'4'~·/S·
very subtle.
&l'\'<ld.'~3/'<lj C\~"l'Cl'&l'\'<l/:l.·~31·<11 £·
"l~IIJ41'Cll~t 41d.'f'3/"1\ ~d.'f3/41\ &ia.·
"l3/'~'~3/'CJ[ ;·cii~-~-~3/'CJJ ii~·
f3141\ <%<:,'~'f'3/41\ aii:ii·~·'\,:ii:.·Z-1 ~-
i:iia:r"·~·~31·qr ~i:ii·~a.·~31·<11 ,·o1a·
Qd.''\<:l<:,''Jl ~a.·'\,:ii:.·lf1 ~d.''\<:l<:,''J!
~3/'CJ\ ~~·afi:.o.i·&)'\'CJd.'~3/'CJ[ ~31'<1,'
';!41 '~' \<:ll:;'<II "1~"1 41 1 ;1 ~l i:-, X.<!]'
si:.· ci·&i'\'qa.· ~31·<11 ii'f41·q·&i '\'CJ/:l.·~o1·q1
aa.·~"141' i:ii~i:ii
I o.i·CJ·&) '\·qa.·~3/·qr .r31·<1·&)'\·CJa.·~o1·q1
i:ii~i:iio.i·,:i~41·.f11
al·i:iio:f·cia.·~31·qi{ll
tf3ltl c; ~ I f.'11'.f '{iiq '1,- ~:,
1'fTlf '(-J (-li:,
~ '
502
Set of Fifteen
3H,sp11, 1ili1,:, 31 Fci '1 ll lilil,:, of a hallucination, aspect of a

«1c.i1cli1,:. ~ : . >lfi'ri:rr- mirage, aspect of an illusion,
fllililx:. si{)i-1.11ili1,:. 11Tl1Tm:, aspect free from delusion,
31 #1 ~I lili Ix:, 31 <'I cl c; lf-iili Ic/J Ii'.:, aspect of lacking purified
31 jq ~ '<'H11m:. phenomena, aspect of being free
f.i '!.l qS(tj lclili'.:, 31 '11'1 Ic/J 1,:, from elaborations, aspect of
31'i'IC'llc/Jlx~i1R1 I being free from conceptual
•u•fflfll ~ q'i<i; 311<blx elaboration, aspect of being free
31cliill cpl 311 c/J I, , 31 $11 c1 I cpl from pride and aspect of
311c/JI,. 31,1'i'l1, cpl 311c/Jli'., immutability.
31 fcl '1 ll cpl 311 c/J Ii'., ~ cpl
"l&1'i:il·~1 ~i\·t,,r~·"-1&1'~'! "-"-'!"-!'~·
311 c/J Ix, 1mWlf.r cpl 311 c/J I{
~ cpl 311 ili I{ '1 {) RJ cpl "-1&1·~·1 ""l.~i\·~·"-1&1·~·~·i:it ~D
311 c/J Ii'., 11TllT cpl 311 c/J Ii'., 31 #1 ~ I
q.51'qc;~1 llT'lf:- -'l-llclc/Jl"li i:isr"I
a
cpl 311 c/J Ii'., 31 cl c; If-i ili cpl 311 c/J Ii'.,
~:. ~ <'ll ili1'i, Hi i:isr"I l'fl1li ,
31'j,q~'<1<11 311c/JI'<'., f.iaj,i
'1l!llll'11'1i i:isr"I >11•f1~'<1R1 I
311 ili 1< , m cpl 311 c/J Ii'. 11\?.TT
~ ' i ; 1'.fflf- '>fTclcli cfi tj\-ij l!T't,
3f'qC'l" 311 ili Ii'. I
~ <'ll c/J ~<E cl, tj\-ij "1T"f \l\?.lT
Fifteen aspects of the noble '1 t; 1ll I '1 c/, tj\-ij "1l"f I
truth of the path- Aspect of
Fifteen paths- The five paths of
[~eking an agent, aspect of
the Hearer (Sravaka), the five
lacking a knower, aspect of
paths of the Solitary Buddha
lacking transmigration, aspect
(Pratyekabuddha) and the five
of lacking discipline, aspect of a
Mahayana paths.
dream, aspect of an echo, aspect
503
Set of Sixteen
'Iii'\' IIJ'&r<lt'a"l t"l Q~<ll- ~-q~'\1 t 11r Sixteen moments- Forbearance

with the knowledge of suffe-
rit<>1·t~-~~, tllJ'Clt<ll;(~·ri~'il t9' ring, knowledge of dharma as
CJt<ll't~-~~1 111·~c:r~-ri~11 111· the reality of suffering, subse-
quent forbearance with the
~c::·t~-~~1 111'"-§C::;(~-ri~'\1 111· knowledge of suffering, subse-
quent knowledge of suffering,
"-§".(~-~~! c,,qf9·,.rt~·ri~'\I "-Q]<lJ. forbearance with the knowledge
CJ't~-~~, "-Q]<lj''J't ~-ri~'il "-Q]<lj'CJ' of the origin of suffering,
knowledge of dharma as the
i~-~~1 <>1a.rt~-ri~'il <>1,,rt~-~~l reality of the origin of suffering,
subsequent forbearance with the
<>1 31·t~-ri~'\ I <>1art ~~"'l·.S11 knowledge of the origin of
'1)-s>tl lffOTT:- ~:'@ t14$11'1~:. suffering, subsequent know-
~:'@ t14$1Rl'j. ~:~S"cll.!$11'1-
ledge of the origin of suffering,
forbearance with the knowledge
~- ~:~S"c11.l$11'1'j, '{-ljc;~
of the cessation of suffering,
tJ4$11'1~:. '{-ljc;~ ti4$11'1't,
knowledge of dharma as the
~ S"cl l.l $11 '1~:, '{-l j<; ~
reality of the cessation of
S"c11.l$11'1't, f.rwt ti4$11'1~:. suffering, subsequent forbear-
f.rwt t14$11'1'1, f.rwtS"cl<f- ranee with the knowledge of the
'$1'F[~:, f.rwts"cl 1.1 $11 '1 'l, iwr cessation of suffering, subse-
'
t14$11'1~:. 'WT ti4$11'1'1, quent knowledge of the
1WTS"cl l.l $11 ' 1 ~ , 1WT Y<l l.l $11...j cessation of suffering, forbear-
'®'I I ranee with the knowledge of the
ffi t'li; lffUT- ~:<ST ii w\~. path, knowledge of dharma as
'.l; <SI ii Q ,.j $11 '1, ~:<ST ii3R'fl.l'- the reality of the path, subse-
~ - ~:<ST ii 3R'fl.l'-W,'T, '{-lj<;l.l quent forbearance with the
ii w\~. '{-lj<;l.l iit14$11'1, knowledge of the path and
'{-j j<; l.l ii 3R'fl.l'~. '{-j jC: l.l ii subsequent knowledge of the
3F'c1 l.l $11 '1, f."Rm ii w\~. path.
f."Rm ii Q ,.j $11 '1, f."Rm ii a.Q'f..,·<11l·~51·<1·q~·a.., 11" f c::·CJ-~\~·~a.i·
3R'fl.l'~. f."R'm ii 3f'i'fl.l-
'$1T'l', i,r,f ii w\~. i,r,f ii CJJ ~·fc::·CJ·~'\·~·~ -CJJ ~·11c::·fC'Q'
51
Q ,.j $11 '1, '1T'f ii 3f'i'fl.l~ ~

~'\·~·c1,31 ·<11 f c::·CJ·~ 1· f i::·CJ·~1-~Ao1·Q1
'1T'f ii 31'<1 l.l $11'1 I
504
Set of Sixteen
'?1· ·~ 31 ·r.i1 "-~'•rsl!I· c:·r.i·'?\ -~31 ·r.i1 col"'<, ~4~["'-ld l</Jlx, x<lc'!lffUT-
~i,~ (11 </'.> I'<, 31 j4 <1 "'l ~["'-I t-11 </J Ix
"-~l!l-31"Sl!I"~· f c:·r.i·~\~·~31·r.i1 31~"-·
<f.m 31''1 I <'I fi1"'1 I <'I ~["'-1 a I</J Ix I
~l!l·"-11!1·r.i£: (c:·r.i·~1·~·~31·r.i l ~"1·31· Sixteen aspects of the noble
truth of cessation- The aspect
&11·r.i£.· { c:·r.i·~1·~· ~31 ·r.i 1 \ ,:;ii·&11·r.i£.· of internal emptiness, the aspect
of external emptiness, the aspect
{ c:·r.i·~ 1·~·~31"'-1\ '\C:"<l~"i" { C:"'-1"~\~"
of both internal and external
~3J"'-1\ l°l!l"~3Jl!I"ii\{ c:·r.i·~1·~·~3J"'-1\ emptiness, the aspect of
emptiness of the emptiness, the
,;c;·~ "31 <E".3i"~1·~· { c:·r.i·~ 1·~·~31·r.i1 .!)· aspect of emptiness of the great,
the aspect of emptiness of
ultimate phenomena, the aspect
&11· '-IQ, ·c.""·if~\~-{ c:· r.i· ~ 1·~·~ 31· '-l"'l ill!!" of the emptiness of com-
pounded phenomena, the aspect
'n of emptiness of uncompounded
phenomena, the aspect of
tfl;,;~1 ~Elfl,;-'llil>l"<I:- ~ -
emptiness of infinity, the aspect
'1_•<H4 Icf>I x:, I</: (<lf%"-
of emptiness of that which has
el i '1_"ll d Icf> Ix:), 3fel.1 I"1 Ix :) , of emptiness of non-repudia-
'1,"ll d I'1,"ll d Icf> Ix:, SJ 51 '1,"ll d Icf> Ix:, tion, the aspect of emptiness of
4</SJ i..\'1_'<.ld Icf> Ix:, fif<1)_ d~["ll d I own-nature, the aspect of
col"'<:, 3f ft f<1j_ d '1_"ll a Icf> Ix:, 31\·<Fd - emptiness of all phenomena, the
~!;~d 1</'.>1,:, 31'1<1, I l.1 '1_'<.ld lcf>lx:, aspect of emptiness of own-
3F1 c1"' 1x~["ll a lcf>lx:, 11<1iR'1'1,"llt11- characteristics, the aspect of
coT"x:, x=rcrn4~["lldlcf>I{:, x<lc'!lffUT- emptiness of non-apprehension
'1,"lld I</J Ix:, 3f j4 <1""1 ~["lid lcf>I,:, and the aspect of emptiness of
31''1 I<'I «1"11 <'I '1_"ll d Icf> Ix ~tl R'I I the lack of truly existent thing.
tJ) <15 ~El fl <'II I ii> I '1- 3fUffi11- (111·11i::.·~'!\·ii'i::.1!1''1~'~"1 a, ff ·qq"i(&1"tjt:: .
~["ll d I</JI x, I( SJ 51 '1_"ll d I</J Ix,
~~l 31 ·~"1"'-I\ "'~"1-~l 31 ~"' ~~l f
4</'11..\'1_'<.1 d l</J I( '<i~d ~is~ d 1- "!J"!~F&1~-Jef&1·tJt::J·jI "-\1·<!;l!]l!I I
col"'<, 31 ft f<1j_ d '1_"'-I d Icf> Ix, 3k<Fd
~["'-I d I</J I( 31 '1 <'I '.\'i-~'f1"'1 ~-~<>l[ ilJ'~C!j'<lj "'~rii-~1 'i"'~·?S1 a:i r s~·"'~-'i"~·?S1 toJ·t~r

"'~"·~i{rr "lrii"'·r.io.·"~°'"'·CJr ~-"'.i'·~rii·r.ir -1··1
<1) -5,t I 1-J I<'Fll ~ ll ih-1 ffl:- ~ : <>.i·<>.~riio.·~'i'CJQ,'~'i 1 'jCJc,·ci'o.·?_ o.·r.i,;·
'ff<F mit.-i1sllctdm.~ -wT:. q Fc'i 1cr.
"IP[:, 31fcle11, {i(fl)lli'l_~:.
31 'f-1 {II !5 'I.~ ~'cl; ~ . . fJ3[rf
>11c1.-i1sllctam:- -wT:. llR:,
31Fcitil, {i(fl,ll('l_~:. 3l'f1{ll!l- ~"·~"' o.·CJi.l.·"'~rii ... r.i· ~ "'"' ·.r1 r
'l.~~'f.l; ~ - fJ3[rf "ll<RT- <IJ~'ilil
&llcf<'i~J/:- 'WT:, "IP[:, 31Fcitil,
{i(fl,ll('l_~:. 31'f1{!1!l'i~~'f.l I ~<>1·2Ja· ~'i·r.ii.l.·"'~riio.·r.ir ~a.·"'~llJ"'·r.i1
ffl <'I !5 1-J I<'Fll ~ ll ~'U- cffT'{f1Tg "''"''i'f1'9'"'~ <!]0.''-1[ ~ilJO.'i!i '\'~'"'~ 'If"''
qi u:· >/lc1-11sllctd~1- "WT. qfc'l1c1.
"!PI, 31Fcitil, *1«1>1ll'l_~. 3Rl- "1 '!i'~ a.."'~ tfj O.'CJ J 'i"'II['9."'~'If "'''-I[
lll !5 'i~; ?oTMfg qi gjq
!:i~·~,:_·9·11[~'\' -IQ, "'~"JO.'CJ[ JI]~~-'\~'
'J/lc/.-/l&llcta~/ 'WT. l!R, 31 Fci ti 1,
{i(fl)ll.11_~ ~ 3l'f1{ll!l1_~; "'§~·2ia·"'~")0.'CJJ 'l<l]'9'"'~ llf"'' -11
~ qi gjq mc1'!1sllctdl'l-
-wT. l!R, 31fcle11. {i(fl)ll.11_~ ~
"''i''i°'' ~>;'CJQ,'",~ ")O.'CJJ O.'")UJ'CJ~'
31 'f-1 {! I!5 'l_ f&-: I "'~"!"'·qr a:ia·"'~rii..·r.ir ~a-"'~llf"'·r.ir
The sixteen delusions to be
abandoned on the Path of fil"-'i!J'i "'· ~ c_· "a.·"'~ "1 "'. CJ r ~i!J'"'f"'. ~--
Meditation- Six delusions of "' "1 "'. CJ r "' "' ...r.i·
-~'° "'"' a.i" ·<>1 i!J. °'~- ""''"'"-'If
the Desire Realm: Desire,
anger, pride, ignorance, view of "~"'·.rn
transitory collection and
extreme view; five delusions of t1)-5:t1fclu ~- ~-
the Form Realm: Desire, pride,
ignorance, view of transitory
~- ~-
~- -Jl,cj'<'-lct>'+flfl!,
~
collection and extreme view; q1~1~~- *11'1..:l~llf.'ti'+flfl!.
and jive delusions of the ~. ~ <l>l-<"'11
'
Formless Realm: Desire, pride, ~ . ""'c;',-. 1~=01 ct,i;:u'H f.'l~tii'i
ignorance, view of transitory ~ - ~ - HJFcilll•l-
collection and extreme view.
1'flrl'!. ~ - ~
506
Set of Sixteen
chief of elephant, fear of fire,

fear of the chief of snake, fear
<IT of thief and robber, fear of
~ . ~ . '!f'lqa being trapped in noose, fear of
~ . fim11-1<1>,1•11-flTI'!. ~a,- the agitation of ocean, fear of
" flesh-eater, fear of disease
31 q I, 1.-;_ 'l1<1""[. ~. causing death, fear of dying
~. ij41,q lci <f>,(<f>l~~'l1<1""[. definitely due to fault, fear of
~.~.~. being poor, fear of being
~. ~. separated from wife, fear of
~:~~I fighting a king, fear of being
mC'I i; "!J<l>R er; -i:m- W:J: "<l>T haunted by god or ghost and
'1-1<1, fm, "<l>T '1-1<1, ' I J1 -i; "<l>T '1-1<1, fear of being deprived of
3lfr., "<l>T '1-1<1. ,a ,( 'l "G "<l>T '1-1<1. wealth.
~ .
'<ITT"-<ST<f> "<l>T '1-1<1 1:ITTT-<RI"! "<l>T OR
'1-1<1. -+1-1•1-, "<l>T ~-:);2R'l -tf;'\ Fear of punishment ordered by
"<l>T '1-1<1, fq ~ 11 il "<l>T '1-1<1, x1"lT cl> the king, fear of god, fear of
 Ii! uI ~ -tf;'\ "<l>T '1-1<1, ~ cl>
soil-lord, fear of epidemic, fear
 1i! oI f.'I ~ il 11 lfr ~ -tf;'\ "<l>T
of famine, fear of war, fear of
'1-1<1. c; Re; a 1 "<l>T '1-1<1, ffi- Fc1111, 1
"<l>T '1-1<1, ",(liJ!- fl \l I'i "<l>T '1-1<1,
harm to hermitage, fear of
~-~ cl> 3M a, oI -tf;'\ "<l>T '1-1<1 planets and ghost, fear of
Tim '1:f',-,fl A.If@ cl> ~ "<l>T '1-1<1 I thunderbolt, fear of frost and
"lfT hail, fear of earth-quake, fear of
",(liJ!-~ "<l>T '1-1<1, ~ cl aI "<l>T tm. fire, fear of water, fear of
'!f'I q fi1 "<l>T ~-'1-1<1. ,i w11-1 meteor (shooting star), fear of
~ "<l>T '1-1<1, ~a, "<l>T tm, ~ garu,;ia (mystical bird) and fear
"<l>T tm, ?fi. fq 1.11 cl> 31 q Ii! "<l>T of bad dreams.
im. 1IB ~ ~ "<l>T tm. qsjj "<l>T
tm, ijtl Ii! q Ici ~ 31TC'IT-~ "<l>T r14·,;ii·a111 'l'\'11."'"i~·",,..~~rd\·§"'.Q"·'li·
im. ~-</> A.I '1 "<l>T "1"1.1", 3lfr., "<l>T Q\ Q'\'·l'"''\~'CJQ,'~~·d\'oJ'§"''Q"''li'Q\
"1"1.1", "GfC'I "<l>T "1"1.1", sl <'i$ Iq Ici "<l>T
"1"1.1", ~ "<l>T "1"1.1" Tim ~:~ "<l>T Q'\'11'~' 11~ ~·1·uld\·4,;· 'li'Q\ Q'\'11'~.
"1"1.1" I
'11~ ~'"l'oJ'ul d\'CJ"-' 'li'Q\ ~'l]'~d\'ry'll'CJ"-'
Sixteen types of fear- Fear of
enemy, fear of lion, fear of the 'li'Q\ "'~ 'll'~d\'&J'~ll]'CJ"-''li'Q\ "'~ 'll'~d\·~.
507
~ <ITT q-.f Set of Sixteen
0
'<ls,'lj'~"i·\9~~·1· ""1 # cJfr ~. 3ITflIT cnT

al°i'<I"-' './/'<:I\ <l'\ll]'Ol'~c;~'<IQ,'~~·"i·"§c;·
~ <'i11 # ., i'.iJ 4 ctr ~. e
<'flqi cITT ~ 11 ~q d (f.'rc<:!) "1'l -/i
r::i,;· '.11'<:I\ <:l'\ll]'Ol'~,:,~·<1a.·~~·°i'al''<§,:,· e
i'.iJ 4 cJfr ~, <'flqi cITT 31 ~ 11 ~ qa
e
(31 r1 (SQ ) <'i11 # i'.iJ 4 <llr ~.
r::i,;· './/'<:I l 'l'\9'~ '9~~·,·ul"i'<I"-' '.ll'<l\ <'flq) cITT ~ ""1 1'f m q\\
r::i'\9·~·9~~·1·0J'UJ°i'<l"-''.l/''ll '<~9'~°i' ~ . <'flq) cITT ~ "1'l 1'f 'I
e
i'.iJ 4 cJfr ~. 3ITf'lT cITT 31 '1 I' Ia
i<J~'<' \<;' ~°i'<I"-' '.ll'<l\ '<~ 9·~°i'OJ~'l.''\<;' (~) # 311To<'<I # m ~ ~
a)·~°i'<l"-''.ll'<l\ '<~9.~°i·~ 9~~·,·c\)°i· e
# i'.iJ 4 ctr ~. · 3ITT',] cnT
31'11'1(1 ( ~ ) # 311To<'<I i'f '1
<1"-' './/' <l \ '<~ °i·~ °i'~.9~ ~·,·OJ· ul°i· <1"-' './/' m e
~ <'i11 i'f i'.iJ 4 <llr ~.
<l'~OJ~'~ll 3ITflIT cITT ~ cITTc'I 1'f 31 itj ™
# m e
~ <'i11 1'f i'.iJ 4 <llr ~.
tf't;g~l~l'.II ~~:- 3ITf'lT cITT ~ cITTc'I 1'f 31 Ra itj
311+\1~RI q~<.1RI 311<"-ll'i'l,
'
#., m ~ <'i11 # mq\\
., 311<-tl ~ RI q ~ll RI 31~1<"l=1~.-i~'l, ~ . <'flqi <ITT 3Pd" % l!fi ~ et, I~
'
3lcfRt 311 fll ci ., 311 ft1 ~ RI ii e
~ i'.iJ 4 ctr ~. <'flq) <ITT 3R[
'
q ~ll RI 311 c<-11--1 'l, -a'[c[ 311 ft1 ci .,
' '
.,tf % l!fi~c/>I~ ~ m q\\
.-i1fll~RI ii q~<.1RI 311<"11'1'1, ~ . <'flq) cITT ~ <'i11 # ~
~ll~cl\11 c'ltcl>:, 31~11~<'1\11 c'ltcl>:, cJfr ~ dW <'flq) cITT B"'!I! ~
~ll~C1dl~ll~C1cH'1, -a'[q ~ll~cJ\11 # rf ei'.i.l4 cJfr ~ I
.-i1~11~c1\i~il. 31.-i1•1a >1fi1&1d1RI Sixteen types of wrong view-
q~<.1RI 311<"11'11-l, 31.-i1•1a ., The view that the self has
'
''l fi1 &i t11 RI q ~ll RI 311 <"l 1'1 'l, existed in the past, that the self
'
31'1 l'I a >1 fi1&1 RI ., >1 fi1&1dl RI did not exist in the past, that the
~ q~<.1RI 311<"-ll'i'l, -a'[c[ self has both existed and not
' existed in the past, that the self
''l fi1 &i RI il1fi'r ., >1 fi1 &i c1'l RI ii
has neither existed nor not
q~<.1RI 311<"-ll'i'l, 3l't1cll'1 c'ltcl>:,
' ' existed in the past, the world is
31'i't1<'ll't c'ltcl>:, 31't1<'li~ill'i't1-
permanent, the world is
cfivq, ~cJl't1cJl'i 'il'i't1cH'i ~ I
' ' impermanent, the world is both
ffi l'i i, ~'ifil,~""lln-ii 3ITf'lT ~ 3@ffi permanent and impermanent,
tt 31 !To (-q # ~ ~ <'i11 tt e
i'.iJ 4 the world is neither permanent
cJfr ~. 3ITf'lT ~ 3@ffi # nor impermanent, the self will
31 !To (-q # .,tf ~ ~ <'i11 # exist in the future, the self will
~ i'.i.l 4 cJfr ~. 3ITf'lT cITT ~ not exist in the future, the self
508
Set of Sixteen
will both exist and not exist in (3Jtl.1 If'l i,I f%t1 \:/[.-ll <'11 ), ~J.:'4 '11-
the future, the self will neither :/["'-1 <'11. J.J 5 I:/["'-1.<'1 I, q , J.J Icl ~[.-11 <'11,
exist nor not exist in the future, fl f4)_ <'1 ~[.-11 <'11, 31 fl f4)_ <'1 :/[.-11 <'11,
the world has an end, the world 31<"'-l 'n :/[.-11 <'11, 31 '1 q" !1 ~1.-11 <'11,
has no end, the world has both 31 '1 qcfi 1-l ~[.-ll <'11, ~ cfi R'I :/[.-11 <'11,
end and no end and the world
has neither end nor no end.
~. "fqc'[/li OI:/[.-ll <'11,
31 j4 c'1 "'1 ~[.-ll <'11 <l~ :wncr-
~I
..,,., ,:,.. ...,.., ,:,.
Sixteen types of emptiness-
'II c:..t;J ."J '\ 'II c:..t;J ."J '\ I Emptiness of the internal,
emptiness of the external,
~5i''\SJ·~· { c:.·<J·~'\ I
emptiness of the internal and
'l.~"l·s1~r { c:.·<J· ~'\ I 'l.~"1-SJ'S"I·~· f c:.·<J· external, emptiness of empti-
ness, emptiness of the great,
~'\I SJ~'l.-"l"l''l.'\"l'<J&·{ c:.·<J·~ '\ I ~t1r emptiness of the ultimate,
emptiness of compounded
SJ'3l 'j'<JQ' { c:.·<J·~'\ l ~,;cril'j'<JQ'{ c:.·<J·
phenomena, emptiness of the
,:,.. ,:,.. ...... ,:,., 'Y"
"J '\ l r,c:.·z::i«j5i· '!lc:..·<J·'J'\ I "'"l·~aJ"l'i5'\' uncompounded phenomena,
emptiness of extremes, empti-
{ C:.'t;J' ~ '\ l ""-'~'SJ<F5i'~'\'i{ C:.'t;J'~ '\ l ness of what is beginning and
" endless, emptiness of that which
&l''j&lt!j"l't;JQ' { c:. t;J'~ '\ l / '\("l'C1'3l'j'<JQ'
is not to be abandoned, empti-
(,i:i'- ~'\·~-{ c:.. t;J' ~ '\. z::i i5"1' ~l l ness of nature, emptiness of all
phenomena, emptiness of self-
'116'lll 'll,..-ll ell:- 3Jtl.1 If'l ~[.-llci I, characteristics, emptiness of
<11$l~[.-ll<'11 (~). non-visualization and empti-
3fRI If'l <I I$J !1['<1 <'11 (3lU!Tc'l- ness of the lack of truly existent
~ ) . ~[.-ll<'11~[.-ll<'11, w- identity.
~[.-ll<'11, 4-ll-JIIQ~[.-ll<'1 I, xif4)_<'1-
{ i:i"l·i:ia'\·r.i·~a;rr.ri:i~·a.., :i5i·<Ja· f i::i'-1·
~[.-ll <'11, 31 fH-<!z <'1 ~[.-ll <'11, 31 c'll 'n-
~[.-ll <'11, 31'1<Nlj,i~[.-ll<'11, 31'1qcf>!-l- Q&\<Jf i·ffi'"l·~·{z::i"l·z::i&'\'CJ\ {t!j'CJQ'
~[.-ll<'11, ~cfiR'l~[.-ll<'11, ~-
~[.-ll<'11, "{-qc'[/li "1~['<1 <'11, 31 j4 <'l""l-
{ z::i"l·z::i&'\'t;J I ('a;·~"l·<J&· { z::i"l·z:i& '\'<Jf
~l'<1<'11, 3f+llqfq"11q~[.-ll<'11 "i:! I 31"l'CJQ' { Q"l'CI& 'j'CJ\ z::i~'j'5ii!J"I'~·
tll<'!i; !-l<t>I, ~ 'll,..-llcil- 3 f ~ -
:/[.-ll <'11, i,11 $l :/['<1 <'11 (-.rfum- { z::i"l·ci&'\'t;JI t!J!J.t!J"l'i{ z::i"l·ci&'\'<Jf
~[.-ll <'11 ), 31RI If'l 1c;•,r \ ' <Ji,r<Ja\l:Jf ';!~' enjoyment, power of body,

power of mind, power of
~·{Cl~·Cla'j·l:Jr ~i!J~·~·{Cl~·Cla\l:Jj miracle, power of religion,
~·<>-~"l·~· { Cl~'Cli'\'l:Jl r ~· {o\'l:JQ,' power of conquering over
miiras (devils) and power of
{Cl~'Clfil \l:J I Cl~\a;"-·"1~\1:J/,,· { Cl~· assiduity.
Cl! '\'l:J I o\o\'1io\·~·{ Cl~'Cli'\'1:Ja.'11 &1lc;'"l""·~~·Clt'\·~'\·i"1·..,.ci~·a9 i 9.

Cl~"l·i~·C!"i\l i9·ci~<>1·i~~~1 i9·
ci~•>r~ l!,rci"i'jj i9·<J~<>1:l. ~~~I ~~·
v ~
~c;·i~·C!"i'jj ':)o\'~c;·.;~·,i~1 ~~·
~c;·l ~·Cl~'\ I ':)o\'~c;·l ~·~~1 C\af9·

~. 1:J'i~·Cl"i'\1 C\'ll9'1:J'i~·~~l <>.af9·q·
~. l ~·Cl"i'\I '"-'ll"1'1:J'l ~·~~I <>1•rl~·
~ . '3"1'l~c111'TR
~I
ti)<'lt; Y<l>N
<fc1mFl. ~.
* ~- ~-Fclill~-
<Jia\1 "li!J'$~·~~1 "li!J'l ~·Cl"i'\1
l~~~·ij11
"Joi'
<fc1mFl, c1""1l~c111'TR, ~ -
~~f'l'l I 1ft'll 11'1 <l~I et lf.d
'ifc1mFl, ~ . ~ .
$ll'llf.l- -s;:~ t14$11'l~:. ~:'@
~.~. tl 4$11'1 't, -s;:~S"cl I.I $1 l'lanf.'a':.
~.~. -s;:~S"clll$ll'l't, fl'.j,C:il t14$111-
RI ro ~ c1 1l'TR. ?fl. R; ~ c1 ll'TR.
~ : . f1jC:il 1c14$11'l'J., ~ -
~ . 'li<Rl"1ll~<'lll'TR Cl~
S"cl I.I $1 I'l~:. f1 '.j,C: il S"cl I.I $111 ~.
~I
f.'Rm t14$ll'l~:. ~
The sixteen powers to be
cultivated (the sixteen powers
t14$1 I'l"\. f.'Rms.=q 1.1 $1 Hanf.'a'.
which Bodhisattva alone can f.'Rms.=q 1.1 $11'1 't, +ITif t14$111-
acquire)- Power of mindful- ~:. +ITif lc14$11'l'l,' llf'TS'<l<l-
'$1T'l~:. lJT'TS"c1ll$11'1 itft'f I
ness, power of intelligence,
power of investigation, power
of shame, power of aspiration,
~~f'l'll•f * fil<'lt; 'ij[R-imf.u'
!ffUT- ~:<N 1'i wt~. ~:~ #
power of merits, power of form, tl4$11'l, ~:<N 1'j 3Rf'll~. ~:<'/
power of self-confidence, power 1'j 3!"'11.1$11'1, f1'.j,C:ll 1'j w\anf.'a',
of retention-formula, power of f1 '.j,C: I.I 1'j tl 4$11'1, f1 '.l. c; 11 #
510
Set of Sixteen
~anr.a-. xij<';ll if 31'<ill$11'i,

f.rmr if tT>tanf.n. f.rmr if
lll~lll o,i·1:1:;iz:; ·1:11 °i'\·.il '\'CJ I ~ lll~·cr,lz:;·1:1 I
el 4$11 'i. f.rmr if 3f'i'l<!anf.'a".
f.rmr if 31 'tanf.'a". 1TI1f if IQ 4$11 'i. 1TI1f if
3f'i'l<!anf.'a" ~ 1TI1f if 31 '<I ll $11 'i I ~°i'CJ\ ~,;-~-"'~°ii ~3jo,J'CJ\ ~t;'f.\
Sixteen moments of knowledge ~z:;·t1:1·~·~ 31 ~I I
"Iz:;o,i· '\''\t;' ~°i'CJ\
and forbearance of the path of
seeing- Forbearance with the ~ai·1:1i3.·1:1",jo;·CJ·'\z:;·31e,ai·1:1 I i:i/1 o,i·lll~°i-
reality of suffering, knowledge ~
'\z:;·31e,ai·1:1·1:1,;~·~ 11
of dharma as the reality of
suffering,· subsequent forbear- tfi'5~1 lflDl-!-JAJ<i.EflIT:- ~f;;ll
ranee with the knowledge of
~c/Jc'll'f. ~"14'f. f.i,l'ill't,
suffering, subsequent know-
ledge of suffering, forbearance ,i s; qj
...:,
C'l >i,, ,i g, "1 «t> <'<l '1. c;l t1I uq:.
' -!.I
with the knowledge of the ~ . sf$11, ~ : . ,1>i1Rl':, >'Mt,

origin of suffering, knowledge <'!,'5011 . ~,, ~-
of dharma as the reality of the <fll:. c/Jc'lll"lfii:1'1'11'1'1~-tlfa I
origin of suffering, subsequent x1) (ii i, 1ft a 1-!-l AJ c;:Eflf- ~
forbearance with the knowledge
~ f-1; lll 'ff f1 l-ll "i i'r'il. "'q iH 'i
of the origin of suffering,
subsequent knowledge of the . i'r'il. f.!,)• 1 i'r'il. ''Is; 'ttC'l if
origin of suffering, forbearance \3 <'4 "i i'r'1T, '161 c1 "1 «fl i'r'il.
with the knowledge of the c;lt1I~ ~. sf$11, ~ . 'ff'nfu.
cessation of suffering, know- >'MT. i!,'5011, ~. ~-
ledge of dharma as the reality of '1'11'1'1 ~ i/,c'lll"lfii:1'1'11'1'1 I
the cessation of suffering, The sixteen factors associated
subsequent forbearance with the with leisures and endow-
knowledge of the cessation of ments- Perfect sense faculties,
suffering, subsequent know- good looking, sicklessness,
ledge of the cessation of good family, grandeur, longe-
suffering, forbearance with the vity, faith, wisdom, contem-
knowledge of the path, know- plation, concentration, loving
ledge of dharma as the reality of kindness, compassion, enligh-
the path, subsequent forbear- tened mind, having wealth,
ranee with the knowledge of the meeting the Buddha's doctrine
path and subsequent knowledge and meeting spiritual friend.
of the path.
511
Set of Sixteen
~· ·"i·,1·t1~·a.., ~AJ'"l":~r ~AJ'""'. body, spontaneously ansmg

speech, spontaneously arising
9~c::1 ~AJ'"l1l:~9~1 ~"J'"l/.l.'ul~~r mind and spontaneously arising
ar~~·j$9~·"a·~1 ar~~·j\f9~· wisdom.
"a·9~~·r ar~~·J1f9~·"a·~9~r CJ~.3i·t1~S.·~"'"'t1~·a.., .:i·;9·"1 t'll·

ar~~·f1f9~·"a·ui·~~1 r~·~·~1 citAJ·ci1 {~ "I ci19·al\<il ( t'll
r~·~·9~~·r r~·~·~9~1 r~·~ui· CJ~"i'~'~i!l'"l'Cl~l) ~1 ;)"\'"-~~·, ,;~·
~~1 ~"i·%9·a~·"a·~1 ~"i·%9·a~·"a· a~, ~il\1 ( ;l"i·~~·Cl~.3i·<11\·~a.i·q·
9~~·1 ~"i·%9·a~·"a·~9~1 ~il\·%9· Cl~$ "'lll9'"1 ~·ci1 ~)'~<Ill ?.~·
a~·"a·ui·~~~11 ~~·1 ( o_99·ci~"i'~'~i!l'"l'Cl~\) QJ3J
11) ,s 'i I c1 f<'il I f.'t- f.'11-1 \ oI<PI 11:, ~9'"1 !ci'"I ?.~·"-ail\! ( AJ"l'CJ~"i·~·
f.'11-1\01ql<b,, f.'11-1\01~cd'i,' f.'11-1\01- ~i!l·<i·ci~ rl
$11'1'1, ~ : . ~ .
~.~.wt~ il1~1 li' 'fl ,ll *"1 11) ,\;'ii 31 I <t>l~l:-
cj)"j<:j:, tlBql<b,, tl4~rn'1. wt- !J.·&?1,i/ i/ri/N J//ih/-1/.-
$11'1'1.
'
+15\ii<bl/1:, {li5(ijql<b,
'
31 f.'1 <'4 ('j:. c;;:~:. 'lfl@:,
+15\ii~cd'i, +15"1$11'1 ~ I .'i, Ic'RI t1 ~i1 R1 I
'
ffl<illl df<'il- f.'11-1\01<bl/1, f.'11-1\01- ?-/jC:2/?-/M / i/fi/N 3//ihN/:- ~ .
~. f.'11-1\01~cc1. f.'11-1\01$11'1, - fG0t1:, Wfc@:, !.klllld~i1RI I
~.~.WlWT- ~ i/ri/N J/lcb/?1:- f.'rmm:.
furn. ~. t14<b1ll.
~ll'f1t1:, Qof)aa:, f.'111\01c1~i1 I
tlBqlc/\. tl4~cc1. tlB$11'1.
+15\ii<blll, +15\iicll<b, +15\ii~cd
'171/'r!,iJ i/ri/N J/lc/>NJ:- "'lT'IB:,
1l'cf fl 5 \ii $11 '1 I
' "lllllt1:. ~R1qRfla:. ~ @ -
Sixteen suchnesses- Emanation (.'i,1fu1<bt1:) ~ I
body, emanation speech, '<-ITT" 31 I li' 'fl ,ii)" qj ~tl~)cl~i; 31 I <f> I, :
emanation mind, emanation !f. &" "f/fl1 qi i/W 3/Jih!'/-
wisdom, fully enjoyment body, 31 f.'1 <'4, <;;:B", ~ ~ .'i,lc'RI I
fully enjoyment speech, fully
?-ljC:2/ "f/fl1 qi i/W J/lcbN- ~
enjoyment mind, fully
'fl jC: 11, J;fl,cf 1l'cf ~ <'411 I
enjoyment wisdom, truth body,
truth speech, truth mind, truth f.'Rm- "rlfl1 $ i/W JI/ cfiN- f.'mti.
wisdom, spontaneously arising m'f1", Qof) d "Qci f.'14 IoI I
512
Set of Sixteen
~. !,I fctq fn1 "(!q rnRUT

(.'ll.l\fulcf5) I
Sixteen attributes of the four
noble truths: Four attributes to
the noble truth of sujfering- '11 §.<'I. f!-s q 'l2.fcf5, fq o;,:;1 C'i'J.J 1>1 i:; I\JJ ,
lmpennanence, suffering, 'l i, Iq 'l2.fcf5, '11 ' I fH , ' rl q et, cfi1.TT
emptiness and selflessness. ~I
Four attributes to the noble The sixteen Sthaviras- Ati.gaja,
truth of the origin of suffering- Ajita, VanavasI, Kalika, VajrI-
Cause, origin of all, production putra, Bhadra, Kanakavatsa,
and condition. Kanakabharadvaja, Bakula,
Four attributes to the noble Ra.hula, Cu<:Iapanthaka, Pi1,1<:Iola-
truth of cessation- Cessation, bharadvaja, Mahapanthaka,
pacification, excellence and Nagasena, Gopaka and Abheda.
renunciation. ~oJ·a.~,;·cii·a.., 31 9·~·"ci~·2fi ~-cia·
Four attributes to the noble
truth of path- Path, suitability, '\ci~·2f1 'iil.''\Cl~·2f1 ~~·'\ci~·2f1 ';:!"''
achievement and deliverance.
~·'\ci,::2f1 l!J~l!J"'I ~1 S! :<'1 x."1·a1
llj~~Cl~'Clij'a"J ~:l\'~CJ'rJ"l'Cl'lj.3i'rJ''1)~','
of'rJI ~cil oi\oi"'l ~l!J <>il!)'rJJ
~''1l'i '\'rJil.''\9J'ClioJ'rJ'Cj~'~l!)' ~ 1 UJ.3i'
olil!) ~''\Cl~'~ll
<>il!)'~~·1 oJ'l'4oJ'rJJ .!il!J"''.!i'l!J.!i"'l ~"''
'fl;,;~1v: fclv1,i:- 'cf1l:J,RR<l'1,
'i/.!i I ~-~ ..:;a_'':!1 ci;;i~. 2f1 '1J .:i ._.~.i:l ~I -'>ll~f.'s:1.1>1,, -11ffl<lif.'s:1.1>i,, ~ -
I\Jl~<::i!
ij'"-'{.;·9<1,;·41 ci·;1·<>11 ~·9;,;.!i·"-~.!il Rll>i,' cf5111Rll>i,' ~,, ~: '

'T.£:1:, ffi:, f\l t'ei'l.l'l,' ~ : ' um:
ij'"-'{(ci..\\f oi,,,·ai .!i1
"2,•
<>Jol'!'!.!i'Cl'l/.!i I ~:. ~. i:nfu!. Rd!f.'s:li 'cf I
<>1oi·i.!i·ci'll°\I 1/l.·~1 ~'\-5'\1 31 ·~'\· ~) c1t; fcli!i"- 'cfl\l,RR<l,
-'>11 ~ f.'s: ll, -11 ffl <ii f.'s: ll, Rn\'\~ f.'s: ll,
r,Ji{ll cf5111Rl.l, ~. W&;, 1Pc!, "'·
q);,;~1 ~ : - ~ . 3lR;m-:,
f\lt'ei'l.l, ~ . Gl11 ~ . ~.
i:nfuT nm R di R l.l 1
cF1i:llf11. cf51f<:icf5:, ~ : , ~:, Sixteen effects- Eye sense
cf5 '1 cf5 cl cti :, cf5 '1 cf5'J.J I, i:; I\JJ :' <I c/i &l: '
~ faculty, ear sense faculty, nose
'11§.<1'., f!'54"2fcf5:, ~ - sense faculty, tongue sense
513
Set of Sixteen
faculty, body sense faculty, i5')'~a.i·<1,;· "J',:J I e::"i·" c;·~0J·<1,;·gi::_·~1

form, sound, smell, taste, sa.i"'"' I ~·a.i·.i'i'"'"''"-~<11 ~ 'i!J'al1·Q~·
tangible object, leg, anus, penis,
speech, hand and supreme if"I ;.;,;·1:1,,e::·1 a1·1:1/,,·ii'\1 ~·a.i·ai1·Q~·
faculty. '!l"I"."' I ·s
"i '\·~a.i".'5'\' i:i ..f·,:i,; '\·~1
'!I.~ 11111l·;i;·i·q"\111·~·ql\"'a.·A:i c;·q~·a111 l O\l'~i!Jlll' '5')"~'')!:!"-'S"i·~· !"-1'<11 I:\~11]'
~
<I')"! ila.illl· .5-i I ?i"I a·,:i·2J1 i:i..f·q 1 ~"i'"-SJ·1:11 ,fi,-i·2J1 i·1:1,,e::·ci<,.'11

1:11,:;'"il
a~,rs1 "lc;·,,i:i ~'\'"-i"J'a"1 ~·::,s1
s"i·,r2J1 S'\ ~-a.~i:i·,r2J1 l,;·,:i·2J1 ~"· "((ili!Jlll'')"'"-1 {(t"-1'<11 ~t.;11]~'
r.r2J1 a.iac;·1:1·2J1 .ij'c;·1:1·2J1 1-i'"i"'.ij'c;·,:i· "'I ~·(iil"l"'"'I ~i.-~-i-i,"il ~t11Jl
ci<,.'11 1:1~'\I ~i.:ifi:i ~·(1:1"1'\'"'I ~tt~r
oi) ;,;"' ~if>l 'J,'fl 1~ u11f't4ll f,u:- {t~"i·2J1 ~i.:~1 {t~·,:i1 {t~~r
31l'"<'11. '{f(·'q 't, -;:;Im:. ~:. "4Tl'l:. {t1:1tf''ll ~i.:i:i;.;"i'i"il {t~<!i~'
u=:
~ Y I I
uc;•1c1:
..!, , r =:I~-, I
'1T'fc[: ,
cfil>/cfi:, c/J"ffi, ~:, ~. c;~lcti:, (11

l:lc'llT4"cfi:, ~<114cfi~-tlfc1 I oi) ;,;"' illftl 'flIT'l 1:- '1'i'f1'lfl:-:,
~ ,t 31 'j,'fl I~ =if1)r.cc-1=i; ~ : . '1'1'1'101:, '14.-11,1,01
3llc-'14llfll- 31l'"<'11, ~ . -;:;Im, fc1 !-cf> "'ft, 314 Ill "16 , fu:, f/tirc;f-
~- "4Tl'l, ~. 9S' I c'I, lf'j\JJ. lffi'r: fc1 'i c'I <l>cj,:, ~<FI . tj-i;~1J.
'1T'fcl, cf>l<cf>, cfil<l4cfi, ~ - fc1 'l c'I ct,"I Rf. "' 4i:ll Irt'! Rl Fcbctic!>:,
"111 cf>, 4 ~ ll cfi. l:lc'llT4"cfi \ll2IT ~ :, ·c1lcfi'lfc1: , ·,c,
1T2'T_
~~I 1=ffil:. ='!jnt'lfc1""'~"°'-tle,fc1 I

The sixteen synonyms of Self qf
described by the non- Ci\l1'<1CT<I:, Ci"1<1"1:, cl"1<1'1:. c[ijf-
Buddhists- Self, being, life-
'11<];:. cl"1<1''1:, cl\J1ci011:, ~ : .
force, birth-giver, rearer,
cl"161'fl:, ~ : . cl"1cfla<'I:, cfil!-
Gender, Person, born of self,
~:. CN!ir[q:, cl\J1cfi'i\. cfi,RaJ:,
son of self, doer, agent,
~ITT:, cl"1'j~: (ci"1,1f.q:) 'cl I
experiencer, knower, beholder,
seeker and motivator. 'fl) c'I i; ,il ~ 'f1 ri' "'ft. 31 q Ill "1 15 . fu, fctale!-
"/,,·~e::·2J1 -ia.!'a.lflll."a.J(')I j1:1·r.r~a.i"· lffil fc1 '1 c'I ci, c),. WT'l', <RWI.
514
Set of Sixteen
Fcl 'l c>1 c61 ITT. fl 4ell I~ RI Rl, <'f1 c/?. 'f'c l'fl:, Ri<i, I'fl:, 3,qllq:, ~:.
~. c>1lc/?<lfc1, 'l51'lfc1 f.'1 o\ ll :, crrc:::, ;,rc;q:, fcl c'1 o:,; I,
1;<i WITT'! I ~:. DC'1'1_, "11<':!rn,'1_,
<IT f.'1 ll 5 ,w,'f 'cl I
cl'l1flITT, cl\Jl,1"1, cl\Jl,l•I, fl)cls ~ - Ql-JIDI, ,ri\-1:r, fi~lll,
cl\Jlfll'<g, q'Jl'<M, cl\J1cl"1,'\, Q li'l "1 'i, 'f'c 1'fl, Ri<!'l 1'fl, 3,qllq,
cl\J1$j, cl\J151fl, ~ . cl\JldlauT, ~ , f.'1 o\ ll , crrc::, ;:,rc;,:i, fcl c'1 a;,; 1,
cl\Jl~j. ~ . cl\Jlc/?'l\. c!iJf{fil, ~ . Wc>r. u11,gct1, 1;<i
'Nl<lfil. cl \Jl jf&-'. 1;<i (cl \Jl fl RT) I ~I
Sixteen Bodhisattvas- Samanta- Sixteen principles- Valid cogni-
bhadra, T~itigarbha, Gagan- tion, object of comprehension,
gafij a, Sarvanivaranavi~kambhI, doubt, purpose, example,
Apayajaya, Mititreya, Vimala- established theory, members of
gati, Vimalaketu, Sudhana, syllogism, reasoning, establish-
Candraprabha, Vimalakirti, ment (to come to a definitive
Sarvavyadhicikitsaka, Sarva- conclusion), debate, a debate to
dharmesvara, Lokagati, Maha- defeat each other, a debate just
mati and Sumati. to reject the need of anothers,
OR wrong reason, deception, wrong
Vajrasattva, Vajraraja, Vajra- answer and the point of defeat.
raga, Vajrasadhu, Vajraratna,
Vajratejas, Vajraketu, Vajra- 9~9'-l'f"&ll!,l·r::i~·a"l ii9·3lol\f ~ol\·1·i!,Je~·
hasa, Vajradharma, Vajrafi- r::ir 3!·9~~·r::ir 3!·:t·r::ir Cl.:,l!,l·,:1,·:t·r::i1
k~i:ia, Vajrahetu, Vajrabh~a,
r::i~'\'ol\"11!,1'~1!,11 ~ol\'3J'\f '\~'ti!,11 a;'\'
Vajrakarma, Vajrarak~a, Vajra-
yak~a. Vajramu~\i (Vajrasan- a:i'\'tl!,lr '\~·~~-r ii'\'91!,1"'1 a;'\a:i'\·
dhi).
ii'\! ii'\·~~-1 a;~l!,l'itol\! "'~''i'ol\''l.\ol\!
i'•rr~·\ol\·,:i~·a9 a;'\'"'f 9"i"''Sf il·.E'i!,Jr a;"~l!,l'~l!,l'Q~l!,l'~ll
'\ii]'•·r<Jr '\<if ~<l'<JQ,"i!J~'l.f ~-.:il!,lr '1)-s~I '<'l'lt11<1q:- 31c/?f.'1'cll:,
~9-~ 9'i''\""<"'\t::lt::l'<Jf g\<J! r::i!\<Jf

'.i,c;~\'i1:. m:. ~=. 'iS<"fic>11:.
QOljQxicll: , 3T'f!ac/?T: ' =
..!,
:
~ ' -·c.' ' . ' '
~ol\·i-~ol\·~·,jj'o, r::ir i·~,;·1~·r::i1 a:,,y 31mQ~11~1om1,g~,-rr:, q ,11 rn "'.J'BT:, ~=,

'l 2' \rn, <
3lWlJU!Wll': ' q ;11 ct1 I'BT: , C ~ -IotI:,
\,;1 ~9·t'\1 a;,;·9~'\'"lQ,"9ol\1!,1'~11 =~gi=9.,Miffic>ca=i:, ~ t{l I<'b Ifii c/? I~i1 R, I
'I):,;~ I 'Rfl!.IT: ffi cl 5 '<'l 'l "11 g_ 0.:-- 31 c/? f.'1 'cl ,
Q'll"l'l. QAll'l.
' '
1 c; ~I 'i ' 3l<'["q' 31<[5". 'i 5 (qj "1 '1_'
515
Set of Sixteen
':l,"l.l\H1cl, 3Fl'!,cfi, ~. Sixteen forms- Brahma Category,

3l\.P11°1,,U'l-f, q{\fd,,U'.1-f, ~ . Great Brahma, In Front of
31111-i I a rn'.1-f, q {l m1'1-f, '161 ~ l>l 1, Brah111a (Priest of Brahma),
~ li1 '],'!1 f5 i'1 ~ ~ li1 Ic/> Ifi:l c/> I
Little Light, Limitless Light,
Sixteen regions of the Form
Realm- Not Below, Excellent Bright Light, Little Virtue,
Appearance, Without Pain, Not Limitless Virtue. Vast Virtue,
Great, Great Fruit, Born of Cloudless, Bon1 of Merits,
Merits, Cloudless, Vast Virtue, Great Fruit. Not Great, Without
Limitless Virtue, Little Virtue, Pain, Great Perception and Not
Bright Light, Limitless Light, Below.
Little Light, Great Brahma, In
front of Brahma (Priest of ~"l'l"i·z:ii·a111 Cl'lii,i·1i;·1 aJ''l]'~ 1 1· 'J'·~1
1
Brahma) and Brahma Category.

1~·11 §~1 3J'QJ'tlJj ~gl t:11"ll 1
9~9~t:1t'a9 a;i; •·r~..IJ a;i;•ri"i I
')J ~-ai "i l Cl'l·,i·z:i·11 Cl'l·::il I SJ''i'~I
31 ~"i'"i'"'\"il ~''l'ti;·1 a;1·.:i1·~1l ~1·
1CJQJ'~I ll,J"i'\''"-1 "lif~·~"J·i"i·Q~·
<lj<>l"Jj 19'~<;·1 il,1'&1\191 19'~<>lj
~"i-&111 "~\"i31 o;·ao;1 "-!lo;·:;1,·i·"I
"1)6:tl '-lt;lul'14i;I:- 3JTT:, '!llt!:,
,l·a;'QI al·<!]~<;'Clj ~"i''.j'3JEl<;'Clj i{'l]·
ctfl~'"' · c/>1~n. ~,. 1i'c'c'f:, iltl.
al"i'Q,S"l't:l!'t:l~"i':;;11 cfi'fl: • i'f>"(i':
..:i '
4 :,1' 'C\ I c'1 :' 3lVi!qJ: '
3lcRfr. ~:. ~r,x'H:, TJ-£lR:,

"1)6:tl *iql~I- ~t:ic/>lfi:lc/>I,
c/> '-<11 ul ~'<1 fa I
•-H,l~t:11, = =' ""=
~t:1':l,'<liti'11:, ncl't~~
4'<1ml'l-fl:,
fl) "'i, '-l i; 1u1,1 q c;- wr. '!llt!,
31\l'-JIUrn'.l-fl:, ~ : . q{\fd"'.Jlfl:,
c/>~ ~ I<ii , c/> I~n . ~, 1i'c'c'!. ilt\.
31\!lilOl~T'l-fl:
;_±:, t == ~ --,c.~- r : ~ :
I ~ I I J ,
~u~~'(iql:, ';1_6\'1,4><'11', 3l<{ITT:, ~ . ~. 4ill<il, 31~'1c/>, 3lcRfi.

m:, x_jc;~\<11:, 31c/>f.'1'dl~'r1fa I ~. ~r,'8'1. -rr-<11R ~
m'J ~ qi fl) <'It; 3j'l'f- c/> '-<11' "1 I
~(;1c/>IR:lc/>, I-Jt;l~t:11, ~t:1':l,~il$i'1, Sixteen great cities- Ailga,
q{\<'(111'!, ~. ~. Magadha, KasI, Kai:isala, Vraja,
q{\fd,,U'.1-f, 31\.P,1"1"'.J"f, ~ . Malla, Ceqi, Vatsa, Kuru,
3Fl'!,cfi, ':l," i.l II fjq, <j_5i'1, q, <ii, 3l'<j_j,,
Paiicala, Asvaka, Avanti,
Vatsya, Si:irasena, Gandhara and
3lcf([, '.J,C: ~I '1 <RIT 31 c/> f.'1 'd I
Kamboja.
516
Set of Sixteen
'i '!j ~· <1'"1'"1 '!j' ;' !!]'<11 Fc1 q R1 q R'n. "WIT~ cfi m
~3J· <i'l>j 'ar9·"1"-·{9· <11 "-si~ ·s· "1 ·ar9· <J"-'
Fc1 q R1 q R'n. ~ cfi m
Fc1 q Fc, q R'n' "'<'Im cfi ~ ~
{'!J';'{9'<11 cfi m Fc1 q rc, q Rn. wr ci, m
Fc1 q Fc, q R'n ' "fi"ET ci, i.:r.fi'r Fc1 q R1-
\a;''j3J' 1:1~a;'<i'"1'af9'<1"-'{!!j'<ll f 'j'<JQ,' ~ . '341l1<t>1~1c1 ci, m fclqf<1-
r i5'·,,.rar9· <1 "-{ 9. <11 f 'i'<la.·~ a;'l>j'ar'!J' ~. ~ ci, m fclqfc,qR'fl.
~ ci, m fclqf<1qffu,
;'{!!j'<il ~~'"1'di'!!j';'{9'<11 'i~' ~ ci, m fclqf<1qR'fl.
~ "C;ci q Fc, 41!f cB1" ~ ci,
"-5a;·"1·af'!j'<J>;{9'<11
"1...,..'!j';'!\- 9'<11 3Jc,a;'
~l:]~'3Jf ~'<i'l>j'
- !!j';'~
-:t:' -!\ '!j~''>l''>l ~ 9·
m
m
Fc1 qR1 q R'n,
Fc1 qrc, q R'n.
wt "ffi
c'lfilUT
~ "C;ct fl 1'l 1"11
*
<11 t1i::·s·"1·af!!]·<1,;·{9·<11 "13J·~·fif"1·
c'lfilUT ci, m
Fc1 q R1 q R'f1 I
Sixteen types of misconception-
ar9·<1,;{'!J'<il tii::·9 ~a;·~· ~3J·'jS·'>l·ar9 Misconception to the object,
~
misconception to the aspect,
;'!\- 9'<11 ..- ~· ~3J~' ~·3Ja,'a;'")'j'"1'"1
c.._ - !!j';'
misconception to the fruit,

{'!J'<il >;<;''i<;' jr.i.'3Ja,'a;·~ 'j''>l'af!!j';' misconception to conventional
truth, misconception to ultimate
{'!J'<IA=·..r11
truth, misconception to the
61)6~1 fcrn'Rlqct1,r- 311c1~'1- nature of conduct, miscon-
Fc1qR14 R'i-1:, 311 cfil, fc1 q R1 qffu :, ception at the object of refuge,
q, c1 Fc1 q R1 q Rn:, fiqR1 fk.Q Fc1 q Fc,- misconception to Dharma,
~:. ~ fc1qfc,qf&1:, misconception to Sangha,
~ fc1qf<1qffu:, '<'1<1\;!11: misconception to skillful
~(~)fc1qfc,qffu:, wt- method, misconception to clear
fc1qfc,qffu:, ,4t1fc1qf<1qR'd, realization, misconception to
'34 llli'f>~~1c1fc1q fc, 4Rn:, ~ - abandonment, misconception to
fc1 q fc, q ffu:, qg11fc1qf<1qR'fl' the nature of path, the miscon-
'l I' f,'<1•11 cl fc1 q R1 q R'f1 :, qg l1 q R1- ception to distinction between
~:. wtc'1filUT- objects to be abandoned and
Fc1 q Fc, q R'i-1:, ,'<I fl I'l 1"11 c1filUT- their antidotes, misconception
Fc1 q Fc, q R'i-1 ~'i'I I to the characteristics of pheno-
ffi c1,:; fcnr Rl qln-1 ll i- 311 c1 ~ '1- mena and misconception to the
Fc1 q R1 4ffu , 311 cfi I< fc1 q fc, 4R'f1 , general and specific character-
q, c1 Fc1 q R1 q Rn . fi qRn fl c'l1 ci, m ristics of phenomena.
517
Set of Sixteen
~ 31~11~clc1'i ~ q~<Jfa ,00:

'fu\'{iiqo1 31flf.'.ifa q~<Jfa ~~tj~
"lll]'(~l''l~·r:i~·~111 ~llj'<li5~'~'~t;'Q'~ll]''J"-'
'l:''<I\ ~111·r:i;;~·i~z::·2J·r:i~ '<1"-''1:"<1\ ~llj' Fc1~1'cflltlci ~ , q~11R'I:
cl> ~ 'i1 c1_ fc1 ~ I'c cfC'I ~ I: 1i'fa)frf
r:i ;s~·~· ~z; 'CJ' llj i5l::,' r:ix_· 'I/' r:i l ~9· r:i i5~ '~· q ~ <l fa, cfC'I ~ Ifl-1 ~ c!R >i6Tui
~z;·lf <1111]'':j' 'l:''<I\ i llj'<l~"l' t'sl 1'5''11' iii c1 f71 Fa '"' f.1c[n ~ q~<1 R'I,
~: 'fu\'{iiqo1 31>Hf..ifa
r:i I i 9·r:i ~"l· t· 9~9·F·'I~·s~· 'J"-' 'l:''r:i 1 q~<JFa. ~,1(1-{l1~1'1>1$11.--i li'rm
~ ~:. Fcl,~q
l r:i z::-~9·ar9~ ~ .f<:l-.9ui'·" i <\'5r:i, z::
~ ~ ~ q~,ifa,
<\~·s~·'J"-'C\~'l·'J1 x_z::·r:i~<\·~111·"l·111<\~· '.1:=B f".1 i:ll '{ii qOI lf['I:[: "[ 'iT'f: ~
'!~~tlfa I
l';\t:i~·al·~llj''J"-' 'I/' <I\ ~"-''J'Cll '&l1'5'C\~<\'
~ ~ ' l i-
ti) cl i! 'C/1ffiq
'J l ~llj. r:i;,;~· ~'151' 'J"-'"-1"1.'~ 111·~"'.'J",' ~ f.'1-i:ll ',(ii'Cf if ~ '{ll '11, '1ffiq
C\~<\'-1\ 71<\'aJz; ~·~·151''J",'C\9a.·~9·~<,·

~ 'c!>l' ~ $
fl Itl cl '{4,"'.£1' 'c!>l' ~
',(ii'Cf if
$
'fitf
™·#
'J",' Q,~ii\' 'J l 11ii\'a:j'z; ~'"l<\'9~9' ,:jZ::~·:11,;· ~,(!I'll, flltlcl ~ 'c!>l' ~ qi
',(ii'Cf if ~ '{ll '11, '.1: '@ 'c!>l' ~ qi
~"''~Ill ''J "'' C\~<\' 'J l ~"' '"l•J'ill· &l 1'5·Q,~ii\' if~ '{ll '11, '.1:= '@ 'c!>l' ~ l1T':I
'JI r:i1 llj'&i1·(llj ~·'Ja·~ ~·x_r:i·~"'·"lori!l·
',(ii'Cf
~ ~ (3 (11 "1 M
~,(!Iii I, ~ ~ ~ <ilt ij!\
* ',(iitf #
u:i ii\. -I',."'~"i. 'J l Q~i!J'llj 'iii\·~ '15\ 'J"-. cl> 6G i-j I ~ (3 (11 "1 M q); ',(iitf #
~,©iii, ~ ~ ~ll~clc1 ~ 11,
C\9"-'~9'~",'"li!J':i'"-~'l'-1\
111, "i''I~-~\'J"'·~l''Ja· "li!l'&i 1·'J"-·a.~'I' 'J'
i111·Q~"l'
1ft 31'Jcfft;!fip "{ii'Cf ~ 31 ~ 11 ~ ii a
"{ii'Cf if ~ '{ll ii I, 'iTfil 'c!>t "f"T 'fitf '1
*
3fffi'( $ ',(ii'q if ~ '{ll ii I, 'tjtl
~i!J~'ai°ll fc1 ~ I 'c fl Itl cl 'c!>l' 'iTfil $ 'fitf B
fSl).,;~1 ~~~=- fll'Cl<l«b"cf: ~ '{ll ii I, ~ fc1 ~ I 'c ~ c!iT 100
~ll~<lc1 ~ ~ : . '<il'Clcl«!i"cf: $ ',(ii'q if ~ '{ll ii I, ~ 'c!>T ~
ofR ~ 61 oI fcnil isfFt q,- 1ft
~
~~")fa
q~<Jfa,
q~<Jfa,
fll'Clcl«b"cf:
fll'Clcl«b"cf: '3>/ic!>I :f[• '3({1R'd M
~ ,(!I ii I, 'iTfil $ lflTf 'c!>t
~# *"f"T
'ffl1I
311.--ilfa q~<Jfa·, '.1:=xs[l'( ~ ~
q ~<lfa, '.1:=xs[l'( qc!>'i 1--:l gc11 '(i({1 "'1- 3Rld' $ ',(ii'q if ~ '{ll ii I, ~ , I<'Rl <ITT
'
fi'rfi'r q~<Jfa. cl ~~<1,1~ ~ ~ ~ '$l'A c!iT 100
'[4c!>fc;qc1 Ic( (3(11 "'1 f71 Fa q ~<l Fa. * lflTf $ ',(ii'q if "I ~ ,(!I i-j I, N
~ ~ll~clc1'j ~ 31'Jcfft;!fip- fc1 ~ I'c UfR 'c!>t 1iTfil q); 'lT'f et
518
Set of Sixteen
'<'i"'1" # ~ <ii '11 <fim -s;:"<ii cl;T f.'rc<1 r.,,i; "]"l'<JJ •rr.,,~ OJ'<J"-'.; OJ J "!."1 OJ:( i "','
i/i, ~ oI ~ fc);-ir v!R <!@T '1llf
<JJ i!J'C.,,~ Ol' <ill.·~",. <J'~ "'II)"111) z:i ~i:.. z:i·
~ ~. ~ '<'i"'1" # ~<!1'11 I
Sixteen distorted views- Seeing 3)'\'<11 "Jl;.''ill)'~llj'<IJ i!J("','~"1 ~i:.·
the contaminated aggregates as
permanent, seeing the contami- ?_ "'~"i 1 ~-,,,~OJ'~."f.<i 1 ~· C.,,~OJ 1
nated aggregates as joyful,
i!JiE.!i 1 '\<1 ·5'\ I llJ ~i:.. '\Si:."'i:i.-sOJ·~11
seeing the contaminated
aggregates as pure, seeing the tl);,;~1 ~~UfT:- 3Hi'l<!.i'1%'£1\TI,
contaminated aggregates as the $11'1'1, <R'f"I', ~~11,"1'1, 311clfill<l>-
' ' '
self, seeing suffering as ~ : , '1 SIc/> '<' o11, 31~1cl"'fil""'l~cf>~,~-lj~,g~-
causeless, seeing suffering as 1'.R~. ~ . ~ffifif<la,,
produced by a single cause,
3Wi$11, wnfq' '5!["c(~.
seeing that as projected by a
~ Ifc1S141-\, c'llffUTl'!, 31 jcl.l "1 '11-\,
whimsical Iswara and others,
«i";,;,j ~ I
seeing them as inherently '
~~ ,t "fflc'l6 1];Uf- 31'1i'1,i'1-
permanent but temporarily
impermanent, seeing liberation ~.£TaT. ™· <!c'!, ~~11<!.tl,
as totally non-existent, seeing 311 tj fil I c/> '.fi, '1:!+T, '1 t, I et> '(> u 11,
certain contaminated features as 311 c1 fil Ic/> C!.-1j ,gq ,~. JR'ef, Jm1-
liberation, seeing certain levels fi fc1 <\, 3Wi$11, '1i 'l I~. '*-"'- 11 ' I,
of delusion as liberation, appre- ~1R1s14. c'lefUT, 31jai01-1 ~
henddding the return of «lxl-s;'I I
delusion which has already been Sixteen qualities of Buddha-
discarded, seeing the path to Peerless aggregates, wisdom,
liberation as totally non- power, fearlessness, unshared
existent, seeing that the wisdom qualities, great compassion,
of understanding selflessness is unshared close-contemplation,
not a path to liberation, seeing unguardedness, perfect under-
certain levels of concentration standing, clairvoyance, concen-
as the path to liberation and tration, limbs of miracles,
seeing paths leading to total miracles, major marks, minor
exhaustion of suffering as non- marks and branches of
existent melodious voices.
t1i:. t1·t111·~·<Q .!i'1i.!i''l~·a111 .l:l ·i5J ~i!J· <J' '\C:· ~·q~·a111 ~i:.-~"·"'~IIJ"'S'\1 Ft"11l·~"i·
i!J~i5J'<J1l:~e::·2J1 iil·~"l (z:i"l .l:l· or1 ar"1"·~·'\i:ii:.·§"1 ~OJ·~a.-~·i:i·~1
519
Set of Sixteen
"1'j&J'&J"'-'1J:J•::;-~9 &J~d\·"lc.i.· ~ I "'-&J"l' · ' .f.10('.l</JO[

·_ ~ X£1c:c1i•1-
"\'ll:;'~"1 (·9·,;·c.,,~ "]"l'~!'~l:;'J:l 1 :i"l'

~. 'l"l~cl,
' • •
tjO_g~q( "Gl ~ cl .
£p '-itj~~,H,
2fll..""~1·" I p:;e-?'°"'a,·11:Jr:;·~"1 r' i!,J' ~a, ~. c'. RN, 'Q ~.
~fil;gcal~cl( '5'1'()'5~,.
""~"''S"\I ~~Ol'"l.~"]"l'S"\1 "J;i&l'W>,' dcfcfil'illl'ic/J, 1'1~~~,:. {-Q,1{'11(
"\'ll:;' ~"1 1j'"'-'d\'"\ 1 &Ji 'J:l'"]il""]"l'C.1 i{ ";; Ic/Ji: I<'1 "C;cf ~ I
"' q Sixteen gods- Karankabhairava,
"1~'Cl.i(3i'C.i.\'11 Khatvangarak~asa, GaI,1eswara,
GhaI,1fi'ikaTI,1a, Candeswara,
<'l);,;~1 tcfill:- ~ : . X£1c:c1i•1- • Chandodeva, Jvaresvara,
~:. >iu1~cl>/:, f.10('.lc/JOj:,
Jhankarabh1sana, Takkirudra,
tjO_g~q>/'. .
\:P"G'i~cJ'. .
0i;i~~cJ>/'. . Sthal,l<;lilesvara, .Qarnaru<:lam-
~ : . c:FiN,'{i(;:, ~ -
bara, .Qhakkabhayanaka, · Tum-
VcR:, ,i;<j '{i,i;'isl,:, d cfcfi 1''1 ll I'ic/J:, buresvara, Spharanada, Dati~!-
j'1~~c1,:, f4>1i:'11c;:, c;t.;;lc/Ji:161:, rakarala and Dhanurdhara.
tfj~I
520
Set of Seventeen
.,.., ..,_~°!' • °11i°l'Q~'Q~°IJ a,IN'~'Q\ Dharma-preacher, Dharma-

practlt1oner, Dharma-thinker,
l'IN'J"i't.lj l'IN'~aJIN't.lj l'IN·~·~C:.'j
Dharma-field, Dharma-holder,
l'IN'll.~°l't.l\ l'IN'<>l'{"i't.1\ l'IN'"l'aJl\ reliant on Dharma, Dharma-
worshipper, doer of spiritual
t.!J l'IN'~'S'<:l'S\t.11 l'IN'~'!"i'~"l'CJ!
act1v1t1es, Dharma-object
l'IN'!"i't.1',1"i' 't\aJ'i91N't.l\ >;C:.'CJ~"\·~IN' (Realizer of Dharma), excellent
object of Dharma (excellent
~C:.'CJ! >;C:.'CJ~"i'tlN'"i9't.l! ~C:.'t_"CJQ.'
realizer of Dharma), honest by
l'IN·~, ~C:.:("iC:.'~"i't.1\ ry9']°"iQ"i''JQ,' nature, pure by nature, embodi-
1nent of c01npassion, compa-
! "i' ~"l'CJ! 19']'l'IN'"l'9~"l'CJ1 ry9'3. ssionnate, living in isolation,
"i"l"-'~'!"i't.1:{11 perpetual engager in Dharma
and always performs virtuous
'tl~G'<!I til-.l'.J.OI:- ~: activity.
(utjjq~~1ci;:). ui-liF'icb:. u4~'f1cb.
t!l'iw.;r:, ei4~113ci;: (~:), 11c:.·~a·9"i1N'c:."i·ai "i'Q~·,:i~"'r aJ c:"'.t.1,;·
eii:l~fa+r.:01:, <1i:l'f"1cb:, Ul~cb:,
CJ('\'rJQ,'9"ilN'C:."i'<>l "i1 l,; CJ'CJ("i't,JQ,'
u4•1~il~. fiAl<i:<4i14cb:, ~ -
~:. ~:. ~. 9"\IN' C:."i '<>I"\ j 71°I·&fC:.IN't.l'CJ("i 't.lQ,.9°!IN
cp{>Olll-J/1'., fii;lfc1~cblrltj~, "fic:T-
C:.°I, ii) "\1 "JIN, CJ("i, t.1/.l:9 °IIN' C:."i' ii) °I J ~aJ'
U44,1401:, fii;l"t).'Hili'icb~il I
"fi'"Ef tfi fl-:l13 1];Uf- t!1'i cf)[ ~(l~q.,..~~=1 tJ>;' ~"i't.l'CJ("i'tJQ'9"ilN'C:."i'<>i "i1 71"i'
~ c!R'!T, t!1'i cf)[ q I<'I '1 ffl
&lC:.IN. 'JQ,. ~ CJ' t.l' CJ!_\ t.lQ,. 9°! IN. C:.°I ·ii) °I j
c!R'!T, t!1'i <R ~ 'f1 '1 ffl c!R'IT,
t!l'i-w.;r'
t!l'i-tf"R"cb ' t!1'i "" "JIN'~'~CJ't,J'CJ("i''JQ,'9"ilN'C:."i'<>l °I I ~i!J'
3Tifmf ffl c!R'IT, t!1'i clfr ~
~ c!R'!T, Ul~cb cf)[,'i ffl <J>;' ~"\. tJQ,' ~CJ' t.l' CJ("i. tJQ,' 9"\IN. C:.°I. <>) "\1
c!R'IT. t!l'I-•nii " t!1'I cfi 1 , nii , . ~ CJ' t.l'CJ(\ tJQ,.9"\ IN' C:."\ ·ii) "\1 { 9· t.l' CJ(\
,iAJc;_ u4i14cb. ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~. ~ . <JQ,,9"\IN'C:."\'<>i "\ j ~IN. CJ("i. tJQ,' 9"\IN' C:."\'
ip{>Oll'l/1, "flGT "'~ '~
jqqii;lllil~I. "flGT
<>l°IJ ~9't.l'CJ("i't.!Q,'9"\IN'C:."i'<>i°IJ .!)·
t!l'i-q '{I 11 oI ~ "flGT 1g ~ I<'I WlT
~ c!Tilll "laJ'CJ("i'tJQ,'9"\IN' C:."\'<>l "\ 1 "\'\'CJ~\t.1/.l.·
Seventeen qualities of Sangha
9"\IN'C:."i'<>i "i I ~'CJ'CJ("i''JQ,'9"\IN'C:."i'<>l"i 1
(seventeen types of Sangha)-
521
Set of Seventeen
maturation, expressing delusive

obscuration, expressing kannic
obscuration, expressing the
obscuration to maturation,
expressing obscuration, expres-
sing conception, expressing
food, expressing intercourse,
expressing dream, expressing
sickness, expressing aging,
expressing death and expressing
tiredness.
1ci~·cit'"-'<>l'i5lf'cia·~·s1·ci~·ci~"il ll)i9.
~'"-1 ~
X,Qj<-l' ~·1 -
')CJl:\'"11:\''\"'''\;i"''ll
~ ~ ~
'!l '\' "1 UJ "1 <-l 1 ~'\'"1UJ"1<-l1 ;,;c;·'i~1

~
r
31 ·~1 \tr ~QJ'~l '\"1,:;'"1•"'1 ~9·
~
"1·"'1 ~<-l'CJl:\'!a:,'~"1 ''j";J'"l1 1"{9

.
'!l"1'ZJ"1<-l'~'-"1"·1'~"1<-lj ~'l!)'\"il ,t<;Ol'
1!j'i\ll
~~ifill!l'll<l~llifilf.'I ~-
c;~ll4ifi~Ullf.'I- .rcn?':
.!,~""",
1Pffl
'
cfiC'l
..::>
lf.'I, 41,qc:c:icfi'i
' ,,
~,'
311'f1,clx'o1't, ~:. ~i'!si\-s~xi.
"cf(,I:, "QUc:T, ~ . 'J.ilcfi: (~).
~UIC'l-is·cfil>/:, cfi41C'l:, il!lct1i•1:
clll>;ltj401:' 31'fliilfl. ~1<11~~~:
~i'tHf.-;,j ~ I ,
~~~iii rt, ~ fl-:ili; 311<l~ll<li
=
'3 q ~ u1- ~;.:)"-'• tj'j-tj c1><1
..::>
(TJT'il
~ "if; ~ "cfil" c; ~II~ '1[R "ifR'fl
~ ) . ~ 4<:;cicfi, ~ ffl,
3l'T'i'1'[ <In, ;g.ffi, ~ ;glffj,
"cf(,I, "QUc:T, ~. 'J.il if> (~ ) .
522
Set of Seventeen
;,,tt{!l n f.'! fB a t9: 3l c,1 ij, 1, . '(11.'1 c; ~ I fi "'11, \I RI q ct1 ll :- ""!"ITT-

il'i41c'I, <-'lccli•1.
' ~ ~.n n ij, {i DI If1''li I'/ J.1 Fc'l q R'i-1:, ~ -
f.'! fsl <i 31 "1 cl 1fi , ~ Icl IfFl "<i"QIT !,I Fc'I q R'n . ~~ c1 fjl-'l-j I'/ !,I R'I q 1?\1:.
"1'1 i3i I ai1f.'at1"'-llxJ.1fc'lqf&-t. ~ -
Seventeen articles required for Yfc'I q f2ct :, V1 I"I fi "'11' \I fc'1 q R'f1 :,
conferring empowerments \I $11'/i "'11' \I Fc'I q F2ct:' ~~
Crown protrusion, crown !,I fc'I q R'f1 :, fc1 q ~ ll '11 fi "'11' J.I fc'I q R'f1 :,
(Crown representing the ~21 fc1 q~ ll '1 lll : "cl 'l,' I '1 <!l fl "'IR-
Buddha of the Five Families), J.I fc'I q f2ct :, '3 q Ill fi "'11'/ J.I fc'I q f2ct :,
rolled up cloth of a hero, upper '.J."llfi"'-11'\lfc'lqfcn:, ~-
garment, lower garment, hand !,I fc'I q R'n:, '11 'f fi "'11' J.I fc'I q R'i-1:,
drum, hand drum in bigger i11'/D~fil'l-jl'/J.lfc'1qR'f1:, ~ -
shape, vajra (adamantine), bell, qfc'lqfcn:,
sacrificial ladle, ladle with long >!fcrq-~1
handle, six ornaments made of tt-,ii; J.lif>lx <!fr W'+ITT"- -Y-fcr-
q Rall i- '1 to Iil'i x5 o11 clft x-fl'+IR-
bones, skull, a staff with a skull
J.I Fc'I q R'n. ~ clft Wl-11'/ !,I Fc'I q F2ct'
at the top, inner garment made
of tiger skin, seat of a corpse mc'I clft Wl-11'/ !,I Fc'I q F2ct' ~ clft
Wl-11' !,I Fc'I q F2ct' <fr:\ clft x-fl'+IR-
and a holy thread that a
J.I Fc'I q F2ct ' &IR clft Wl-11' !,I Fc'I q F2ct '
Briihmana wears.
J;!"$1T clft Wl-11'/ !,I Fc'I q F2ct ' ~21' clft
lllj~·,q·qi·q~"il Qg·z::r~i:;·i_'i6,·2ia: W"l 1' J.I fc'I q F2ct , fc1 q ~ ll '11 clft
illj~'~<ll i"i'CJd.'illj'!,l'~QI ~o.·~~'!,I' W"l I'/ J.I fc'I q F2ct, ~21' ~ fc1 q ~ ll '11
"ifi 'l,' I"I <!l clft Wl-11' J.I fc'I q f2ct ,
5Ji9'!,l'~QI Qi')'CJd.'illj'!,l'~QI Q86,' 13 q Ill clft Wl-11'/ J.I fc'I q f2ct , :FJ clft
/J,~'!,I'~' illj'!,l'~QI Q'!,1~'91i"i'~'i9'!,I' Wl-11'1 J.1 Fc'I q F2ct. m clft x-fl'+!R-
J.1 Fc'I q R'n ' 'lT'f clft Wl-11'/ !,I Fc'I q F2ct '
~QI ~'!,1-,;Q·~·i'll'!,l'~QI ~-9"i'!,I'~·
l'ITT"Tt clft W'l 1' !,I Fc'I q F2ct ' ~ clft
illj'!,l'~QI ~llj-~"€,:;·~·illj'!,l'~QI ~- W'i I'/ !,I Fc'I q F2ct (!Qf[ ,m,qa, clft
~zii-~,:;·o.'!lo.·~·i9'!,l'~QI ~Ql!,l'~'illj'!,I' "fl1"'1 l'I \I Fc'I q F2ct I
Seventeen achievements through
~QI Q~\"i~'!,l·~·i9'!,l·~QI ii:l·~'!,I·~·
accumulation- Achievement
i'!l'!,l'~QI .,.~-~-illj'!,l'~QI llj~l:;'!,I'~' through accumulation of great
izii'!,l'~QI '!,id.'i9'!,l'~QI 'll~"i·tia.· compassion, achievements
through accumulation of gene-
i'!l '!,I' ~Q' Qi,'!,1''11 rosity, achievements through
accumulation of discipline,
523
Set of Seventeen
achievements through accumu- "It; '"i1

lation of patience, achievements
through accumulation of effort, "-CJ·ic:·9·9~1 9~fi::: 9·9~1 '\S',~·
achievements through accumu- 9~ I "i99'"iS"' 9~ I 'lfCJ~i:;·9·9~1
lation of meditation, achieve-
ments through accumulation of ~~·~-"1~1 sf"~9~·~·9~1 ia·9~1
wisdom, achievements through
accumulation of calm abiding, oi~·:ll."1"11
c,,.c,,.
~"-·CJ.;~·CJ"-'"1"11 50l''F
"' - "'"'
achievements through accumu- 5~·&1·&i "i·CJ·"i,:;·s"·CJa.·9~ I ~-'11"1~·5l

lation of special insight,
achievements through accumu- CJ a· j\CJ8_·9~ I uf,:; ~··1r1i:::~·'Ja·9~1
lation of the union of calm
abiding and special insight, oi~·ai ·&1~"\·'la·9~ I '<F._-af£l·&1~~·qa·
achievements through accumu- 9~1 ~\'Ja·9~1 &1oi·d;a·9~;{11
lation of skillful means,
achievements through accumu- fl~c;~I cl~- Q~"l11ilf\j,
lation of merits, achievements ~ . QcJl,"lcl«j. qqjqf\j,
through accumulation of il'1cl«j,. ~ qs,,i cj «j. c!i'1cJf\l,
primordial wisdom, achieve- '34il 1'1clf1, 9,c;,' IC'1cl«j,. f.'i'~
ments through accumulation of ~. ~ll\'11cJf\l,
paths, achievements through cl I c; cl f1. ~ . -4) cJ, elf\!,
accumulation of retention- c!ifa'1cl«j. <t>~~1~"1c1t1 ~ I
formula, achievements through qf
accumulation of ground and Q~s,/11c1«j. ~ qqjqf\j,
achievements through accumu-
~q1,u1q,~, c!ifa'1clfij, il~cJ,cJf\j,
lation of antidotes.
il'1cJ f1. ~ q 'l'/1 cj {ij, c!i'1ilf\j,
111~·,:i~·,:i~"if "1:1·ic:·9·9~1 9~·1,:;·9· Qfa fll,,i Ic1«j. et> Ic1 let> Ic1X1 ~& «j.
1i,Rl'f1,~il, 01 cif1. 4Rc!i401c1f1
9~ 1 "i99·"iga·9~ 1 "i~"·~-9~ I "l'
~~.~-
~9~·~·9~1 ~-~-9~1 oi~·~-9~1 01cJf1 (cllC:cl-11), ~111'11f1'1ilf\j
"i&i"-·~._..;"i·~-9~ I 9,:;·!19·9 ·9~I i· ~I
CJ<1,'9~1 9~·1,:;·1:1"1'11'CJ<1,'9~1 9"i~· fl·:o; c1~~- Q~"111c1'1,
~ Qcll, 01clf1. c1ql<1".J,
&1oi·~·9~1 !\CJa·9~1 "i~·"-5"\·"is"\· il'1clfij. ~q"l1clf1, c!i'1il".J.
~·9~1 ~~-~-9~1 '!:j'CJ~i:;·9·<11~1 1' '3 q il l'1 cl «j. 9, c;_' IC'1 cl «j. f.'i'~
~ ~ll\'11cl«j. c/fc!:-
-9ia·9~;{ll
524
Set of Seventeen
~ ~. -4'icl,c1*1, '6'\'.W'\'"-'\1 "-'\'"J"l"II '\~'i!!Z::'1 '6'\'

qi Fil 'i cl«), Tim if>~~ 1...fl ~ cffi); I
m ..i'\''\~1 '\ii]'*"II ~i\-..i'\I "'~\'11'J"I'
q l'I vii Icl f1. ~ cl q j cl «_1. ~"ii "-S"i''l·:i·1;11 ,:i-:i z::JI &·9~z::·z::J1
q q ix oIcl «),. qi fil '1 q «),, 't!1 q, cl «_1.
~J~1'J'~Z::'z::JI ~i\';j'1'Jfz;·z::J1 i{9·ali\'
illfcl«),, ·~q'-''-1cl«_1, qilfcl«_1,
v
J;ifua-1 '-11 q«),. qi Ic'1 Iqi Ic'1 fi qi, «_1. z::J~"l·z::Jt'z::J~i\·i\ II
''iRl'f1,,s>.1i1, 0 1c1*1, q Rqi4°1c1«i,. ~ qi'.! I ffi : 'tt ~ <;'II 3R:'l'flfq-
,
~.~~- ~ 6-l qi Ift1 qi I:, "'~'2'6-JTI'':!r-r,'tf%;?;ci
tl ""I :, ~-
~
"lcl«), Tim ~11.1-11t1-1c1«_11 =),>1~1 1
Y~lrnl''fT: , 31Ql-JIDIQ'l-JT: 1
Seventeen basic codes: That of- >f"ITfcRT:, q ~h-a !Q;•IT:, 31 q 'i Io1'!J'l-!T:,
Ordination, confession and =~-,--,i.'': 3R'!1<ITT: QU/.1Qf1ql:
11, d IFli <!>,
'*
c;~\~1:, 1c:~\-11, ~qif.iti-J·l~'<1fa I
tl -cl i; 3i1'f- -.r(U-
~6-lgx1f%a. '1!$1~6-ll,
change (shifting to another
q~rnri:r. 31q1-11urn'l-!T, ~.
place), abandoning confession ~
and restoration, bed, disputes, q{1rn:rri:r. ;,iq1-1101:rri:r. ~ .

causing schism among monks, 3A'lfcj,' ':!" '-1 q f1 cl ' 'i !$ <1 q-; c'1, ~ .
robes, hardness and KausambL 31"(-fq, q oj) a c; ~\'i, '{jG ~j 'i <fl1.lT
OR 31 qi f-1 ti-J I
That of' Ordination, confession Seventeen regions of the form
and restoration ceremony, realm- Brahma Category, In
summer retreat, lifting of the Front of Brahma (Priest of
restriction, hardness, robes, Brahma), Great Brahma, Little
leather, medicine, action, Light, Limitless Light, Bright
remedy, connecting to time and Light, Little Virtue, Limitless
untime, shifting to other place Virtue, Vast Virtue, Cloudless,
and enjoying there, thorough Born of Merits, Great Fruit, Not
purification, adverse action, Great, Without Pain, Excellent
discordant wheel, disputes and Appearance, Great Perception
bed. and Not Below.
ll'f~ll'f lll'f'l<Sllll'll'fi\lll'~ll'flll'Cl~'Cl~i\J iEZ:: •r ~of!jlll'Cl~'Cl~i\1 ~'"l'';JJ.1:§'ff'f! f z::·~'11'
~"11 1'J~"i'i\'"-'1i\l iEZ::"l'ii\l ~\i!!Z::'1 z::J*''-11 ~,;·~,·~·~·i:·fz::·1 ~'z::J*'\'~z;·
525
Set of Seventeen
"'I ~l!,l·,;,:rr,rr.i1 <1*"i''lli:::·r.i1 SJ~·<Jil!,I· fuc1>1Q$1141../r'lrll. Q$1141'1r1cil-

fl51il'-1'1 Im, fl'i"l~lfac/>1'11'i!.l$11
"'l ~~·t:1s·"!g"!~I ~".S"i' <1 ~j'1'i' <1 ~!'"' I '
4 l'<r'id I, 45lil ~I fa c/, IQ $114 Ix fi'la I,
'
~"'S"i'~'!:J*'"'I ~"'S°i'~SJ'!:J*'"'l (( P-1~1fac/>IQ$114 I'< r'I a I (cl\JI zj~ <!>I-
Q$1141'<r'lrl 1), Q$114 lxr'lrl 1'1 l'i~lci-
45\ ii I~ Ifa c/, I, '11' I cl \11Q$114 l'<r1ci 1-
<11.sJ· ~-i·a. ~l!,l·SJ·~ l!,l'"<l.i'4·("l·1·s-i·ci· 451 ii ~I fa cB I,
'
c/Jl ~ Ic/>Q $114 Ix r1ci I,
-tJfc1w1'f1Fc1wfi'14 R ~w 1·111-1i;iw-
~~ ~~""~
~-<1~·ci1 '9"-~"i·~·<1~·ci1 -9,;·~"i·"l~·-9· 41x fi'1 a 1. fil 011ei ,Q $1141x flia 1'11~.
~1:1,l'i1-11 a 1'11 'iQ :,1141xfi"I a 1. "11T-
"11 '\<1'K<>l'~SJ'"1~-i-~l!,l-~l!,l'CJI &l·~·
c1 d"I Q$11 4 Ix r'I <1 I ffi c; '-1 i:;ci 1J3lil-
,
~,::-~·SJ1 ~"'S"i'&l·~·"1i"1'1'JI ~l!,l''\!:J' Ri ~I fa cB IQ $114 Ix r'I <1 I~{sl '1 l'i I
"
~i:::·?:i'1 ~f~,;-~·cia:11 Seventeen types of Prajiiii-
piiramitii texts incorporating
tt~G~I 'ffi!-'J"111'$1141'<~cll:- in the Mother and son- Satasii-
~lclfl 1§fuc/>rn $1141,fi"lcl 1, ~- hasrikaprajiiiipiiramitii, Pai\ca-
Fck1 fa·Hl§fu cl> IQ $114 l'<r'icl I, 311a- vinsatisiihasrikiiprajfiiipiiramitii,
c; ~If! II! fuc/> IQ $1141../r'I cl I, 3lJ<l'- Astiidasasiihasrikiiprajiiiipiirami-
i;~I f! Ii,[ti c/, IQ $114 Ixr'I cl I, 31 '<'.,11 §- tii, Aryadasasiihasrikiipraji\ii-
fu c/> IQ $1141'< r'l <1 I, Q$114 l'<r'irl l- piirami ta. Astasiihasrikiipraji\ii·
f!51 ii ll' I Im, f1'i'1 ~ Ifa cB I'11 'i Q$11 piiramitii, Prajiiapiiramitiisan-
'
4 l'<r'i <1 I, 45lil~I fa c/> IQ $114 I'< r'lcl I, cayagiithii, Saptasatikiiniima-
'
P-1~1facl>IQ$114 Ix r'I <1 I (cFJ1 zjfc: c/> I- prajiiapiiramitii, Pai\casatikii-
Q$114 l'<r'irl I), Q$114 l'<r'i <1 I'1 l'i ~1<1- prajfiiipiiramitii, Trisatikiipra-
45lil I~ Ifa c/, I, ip I cl d"J Q$114 I'< r'lrl I jiiiipiiramitii (Vajracchedikii-
'
45lil ~I fac/> I, c/Jl ~I c/>!,I $114 lxr'I <1 I, prajfiaparamitii), Prajfiiipiirami-
' tapaficasatika, Bhagavatipraji\ii-
1Fc1w1 'f1 Fc1wfi'14R~w1 '1111!.l $11-
paramitapai\casatika, Kiiusika-
pr(lj iiiipiirami ta, Su vikriinta-
vi krami pariprcchiiniimapraji\ii-
param ita, Svalpiik~araprajfiii-
piiramitii, Ekiik~arTmiitaniima-
praji\iipiiramitii Bhagavati-
praji\iipiirainitahrdaya and
Paficavinsatikiiprajiiiipiiramitii-
mukhaniima.
526
Set of Eighteen
"1 ~'"'I ~I ~I ~OJI ,!;"1''\(;',!;4!'~'\'~i!J'Q,S'\I !['\'~"1 '\~-

UJ'j\ (1 :...,·~, i!J' 8"Cl'~OJ''-<l! <l~'CJ ~'tll '\~'i!J'Q.~ "1't11
1'OJ I §:1 "1·~ ·~i!J· t1z, ·~ OJ' t1 I ~·"'a:~i!J· ilJ~"i-"l'1-i'ci1 OJ\ i!J~°i·t1·i!J~'\ I a:;'\·i!J·
r.JZ,'~OJ'Cll ~a·~i!J'r.JZ,'~OJ'Cll ~a-~·r 1-i CJJOJ\ a:;'\·ilJ-~ilJ·qiiJ<>i\ a:;1·•r~i!J-
r.JZ,'iiOJ'Cll ~OJ-~'~i!J'r.J','~OJ'CI\ ul1·~- aOJ I a:;'\·i!J-~"10J'"1~"I ( i!J'"1~i!J·z,<1·
~i!J' <.JZ,'~ OJ' Cl'~ .<it·i'r~Ht?l'1. f211<Hf-31'j. 3IT'im-
~: 'T"t[: xx,: '<I<'<:'.~ '1 c'1<t>I,:, {f-3ilc'1if>lx:, '11"1'-11'1-
I I I ,
\:lcn-.:<1.-:;:, ~ .
~ : 'c!!\!Fc\$11'1'1, ~?!Rl$11·Pj,
m-Fch,1119 ~ t;_tj IRI $111 '1,
~ . ~ .'
qg: ~I ct <f>'j. lW111<f>I i1 ct Ii!:. 3ffer-
cfifll-Fci$11111. 111lf21$11.--i ~ I
' El4*1':ji,tj /.1:, ~ : . ~11101-
31dl~5 Elltl,lf 'ell\!, ~. 11ffl<t>1, *1':ji,tj'-1:, ~11101c11R\c.f,:, ~'11Ul-
~ i;tj I, cfifll, '1"1. "'11. ~ . '1'11. f2lf.'I ~ii '-1:, ~ 11101 gfcla f.'! In:,
"'· ,-\.I tcc11. tl4. 'ell\! RI $111. P.H-i ii ,rn11.-; ~'<1 ffi I
~-Rl$111, 11ffl<t>I Rl$111, 31:ail~i! gftr.l;- ~.{);[- ~ 1ffi111mp,
~t;_tjl-Rl$111. cfim-Fci$111 Tim f2I 1 '-1 {f-31, 3lfi1 *1 111.11 "1 if> I'( ~-
1111Rl$111 (1111*1Rl$111) I c'i if> I,, '11" 11.111-'3 ci'N ct '?I, tf4-
Eighteen constituents- Eye, ear, El 4ct If21'fll, ~ . 't<'l-
nose, tongue, body, mind, ',t'-1'1 if> <f> IR<t> I, 'cJg "ffi'f<f>' ~-
visible f01m, sound, smell, taste, <f>lilctlx, ~ . ~ -
tangible object, perception of cf>'rn. ~ '1101 *1':Ji,tj'-1, ~ '11 oIii IR\<f>,
phenomena, eye consciousness, ~11101f21f.'l~i1'-1, ~11101gfclaf.'1\n l;cf
. .
ear consciousness, nose consci- 8{-ic1,~,t; I
ousness, tongue consciousness, The eighteen renowned scrip-
body consciousness and mental tures of philosophy in the
consciousness. Sakya tradition (the eighteen
!!1'1141'i'\·"t·"!'\! .r·.r,,-~,_ t1a·i!J~1 maJor texts of Buddhist
studies in the Sakya monastic
Q,~"l'CJ'i!J~ 8"'1\ i!J~"i'~"10J'~"i1 i!J~-~ institutions)- Pratimok~asiitra
(Siitra of Individual Liberation),
~"ii @\al'i!J! '\~4l'i!J~Q_-~i!J'Q,S'\I Vinayasiitra (Siitra of Root
527
'
Set of Eighteen
Discipline), Abhisamayalam- ~i:i·CJ1 ',JOJ. OJ·~c:a;,·~~-~·s1·CJ1 "<!]1!,1'

kara (Ornament of Clear
Realization), Sutralamakara °',OJ'~ll]OJ'~'l<l\ <JX,'d;'i'IIJ~llj'CJ\ ~i\·
(Ornament of Mahayana Dis- ~!!jOJ' ~llj OJ' CJ l ~a;,·~lljOJ' 'l.5IOJ' ll]i\ ll,ll
course), Mahayana-Uttaratantra
(The Sublime Continuum),
Madhyantha Vibhanga (Clear
Distinction Between the Middle a.,·.i·~c:-~90J·CJ1 a.,·.i·~z;·q_510J·llji\ll,11
and Extremes), Dharma-Dhar- C]X,'~·\"' ilfi:;OJ'~·~· i:;~' i>J OJ'"-'\".' Cl l ~ ll,I'
matavibhanga (Clear Distinc-
tion Between Phenomena and a;, OJ' ilfc: OJ' ~·~·i:;a;, ·i>J OJ'"-'\"-'Cl 1 ~ra;,· CJ•;
their Reality), Bodhicaryavatara
(Guide to Bodhisattva's Way to
"-~·s 'i. CJ' 'i c:. i:i.;OJ· CJOJ' ilfc: OJ.~·~· c:°'.i>J ll,I'
Enlightenment). Mulamadhya- "-'\"-' Cl\ ~ri\' CJ"'"-~·s 'i' CJ' al 'i 'CJX,'ilfz; ll,I'
makakarika (The Fundamental
Wisdom of the Middle Way), ~·~-z;~· i>J OJ'"-'\"-' Cl l llfz;' ~· <l' Cl 'Cl ,;ll,I 'ijll
/l,
Catuhsataka (Four Hundred

31tc(c;~( ~!Rll: (.1511<lcfitlEl:)-
Verses), Madhyamikavatara
(Entering the Middle Way), ~<&ljxilif1, t1>iljt11~. ~ -
Abhidharmasamucaya (Com- :f!n:. 1~q1'<J:, c/?lllfllafl,
ib.-'~
pendium of Knowledge), cgC'lcgC'l:,
'
~c/?ql~c/?:,
" "'
-u1a1qn1
Abhidharmakosa (Treasure of q R'i q "'1 :, '>11 d Iq ...-J 4i"1 f.'1WI:,
Knowledge), Pramai;iasamucaya 311' 11 fi'rn R'i q ...-J:, 311 ' 11 fi'1 q, C'1 f.'1 WJ:,
(Compendium of Valid Cogni- 31 '1 I' I lfi'i q R'I q ...-J:, 31 '1 I' 11 fi'1 q, C'1
tion), Pramai;iavartika (Comme- f.'r-w:r:. 31'1'f1,1qRf.'1c!llll 0qq~-
ntary on Valid Cognition), q Rf.'1<'1141. mfi{q,ixqRf.'1c!lll1.
Pran1ai;iaviniscaya (Discernment 3'Rf1'1fix-<'liixqRf.'lc!llll ~m-ctr:
of Valid Cognition), Pramai;ia- '<'I I
yuktinidhi (Treasure of Valid 31dl~i, ~IRJ (.1511<lcfi .=tEl')-
Cognition), Trisamvarapra- ~<&ljfllif1. t1'1ljfllif1. ~ -
vedha (Distinction Between the
:fin. 1~q1'<J. c/?lllxilafr. ~ -
Three Vows).
'[<'f. ~c/?ql~c/?. ""' '>flcilY...-JqRiq"i,
' p,
,~-q~·~·lljt;'!lllj'<:!i''E:1$1! ( 1~·<1,~~·,:ii'· '>11 ct Iq...-J q, C'1 f.'1-w:r, 311' 11 fi'1 q R'i q"i,
311' 11fi'14iC'1 f.'1-w:r. 31'1 I' Ilfi'i q R'I q"1,
E:1$1\) 'i'i"CJd.'i,~-~·q_sz::·i:ii tor~· 31 '1 I' 11 fi'1 q, 61 f.'1-w:r. 31 '1'f1, 1q R-
i_OJ·~·"-sc:·i:i1 'i'i'CJOJ·a:i'~·CJ\ ~tc:·i:iOJ· f.'1 <'1141. 0qqtiqRf.'lc!llll 'fllfi'r-
528
Set of Eighteen
fif<l>1,qRf.'lc1l.!1l ~-
q Rf.'I c1 I<f1 Tim ;,;ur'>lTITT I
Eighteen types of sangha- A
follower by faith, a follower by
reason, a devotee by faith, one
who has attained the correct
view, one who has witnessed
the cessation of the body, one
born from family to family, one
who is bound by one obstacle 3l"cl~lll~Ell lll,;"lh-11- 3 l ~ -
only, enterer into the fruit of a ll[--11ctl, 6116HJ,~'11, ~-
stream-winner, abider into the oll(iHl.;qctl, ~.;qct1~.;qct1, i:m-
fruit of stream-winner, enterer
111.;qctl, q,1-11cl111.;qa1. fi«1tct-
into the fruit of once-returner,
~.;qa I, 3H-H-4tct~.;qct I, 31,'-Fct-
abider into the fruit of once
'<.[_~'11, 3l'iclxl~~.;qct1, 3Flq-
returner, enterer into the fruit of
never-returner, abider into the cf>!x~.;qct1, ~c!)_R1111.;qa1, ffl-
fruit of never-returner, one who 'tl4~.;qa1. ~aio1111.;qa1, 3l'J4'-
attains liberation without ~. 3!111cl«l''11clll1.;qct1.
interruption, one who attains 1-J Icl ll[--11 ct I, 3!111 cl 111.-11 ct I 'i:! I
liberation as he is reborn, one 31 d I, i, ~ q, I~ ~ -11J,;~~~ct~l-
who attains liberation with great 3lUI Ifli 111.;q ct I, ol I(illll'-11 ct I,
effort, one who attains libera- 3lUI lfliol Itu ~'-11 ct I, '<.[_~ '11-.
tion without great effort and one 111.-11 ct I, 'i 61 ~'-11 ct I. 1:f<'ilci ~'-11 ct I,
who progresses higher. ft felt ct ~'-11 ct I, 3l ft fc!tct ~.;q ct I,
3l i:-IFfl 111'-11 ct I, 31'4 cl-ii la ~'-11 ct I,
{i-·r.r~'\·r:il·r:i!'\1 "i'-'fi_·,.r~'\1 ~·fi-·r.i·
31 'i cl cf> Ix 111.-11 ct I. ~ cl)_ fi1 ~'-11 ct I,
~'\1 ~'"i'-'{i-·r.i·~'\1 {'-''-l'~'i'~·fi-·r.i· ~. ~a-JOl~.-/1ctl,
31 j4 &1'"1111.-11 ct I, ~-
~'\1 :i<1·ai'·f1s·&.1·~'\I ~"i'"i"·r.i·fi-·~'\1 111.-11 ct I, 1-J Icl 111.-11 ct I 1:!'c[ 3l1-JTcl'-
111.-11 ct I I
Eighteen types of emptiness-
Emptiness of the internal,
~'\ I "~"'·o.il!,I·"-"i l!,l·r.i· f i-·r.i· ~ "i 1 t 9·ai· emptiness of the external,
'\'-'~',!./'~'\'"' { ._. ~'\ 1 ~"-''l'~'\''-1' { ls''-1'
external, emptiness of empti-
~'\ 1 "'"·ci~"i·{ ._.".~'\1 t l!,l'~,!./1!,l'il'\'
emptiness of the ultimate,
529
Set of Eighteen
emptiness of compounded 31tic.lC:~I lffUT-itlA.li;:-

phenomena, emptiness of the lffUTT.·- 31'c'.1'11 1*J011'11'1 ~ :
'
uncompounded phenomena, 31 'c'.1'1 I'1~ a11'11 Rl q.ri ai: 3l1cl
emptiness of what has passed fcl 4'-11: I 1.;c/i/c/ rrf.'rr ~~
beyond the extremes, emptiness '11·Ulil:, mfr:. f8451-t1:. {hifqti1
of what is beginningless and ~l. ~,'-1·fF.i1'14C:'t, P1U11G~I~~.
endless, emptiness of that which "c1"211'1c11'11'1j<"l1G:, 'J_dl~'<1f8 I
is not to be forsaken, emptiness
m ff "Ji;: '1 jlSQ M, i,urm
of nature, emptiness of all
;:,r.a:r, :, Pi: ,i ~ cr, iel-i. 31 Rl q.ri a-
phenomena, emptiness of self-
characteristics, emptiness of qilf, ~ qfi'r ~ (~ i:i'1
non-visualization, emptiness of x<T-fl"-ii; ~ cr,~).
the lack of truly existent '.l,<i. I'11 :l,<"l Ic; : c'ITcl>, " '3 q R t'c qIi
identity, emptiness of things and ~ - ai~: '34R'c'.wr:, <Rll
emptiness of non-things. ~ 3ljfl~"l't, '1"'1~ fl~<icil
~ (pt 'Ti! W-f/R./i( ~
'\"l-~ar_·<:ii·<:i ~'\ t '\'>i"(I' CJ ~s •f:"-S'"-·CJ" <1>~)1
31dl~i; lffUT ~ tiHli'CJ"CJ!'\"~·<l·fi<J"CJ"CJ !'\"'>ll!,l"
erur- <IBi 3lTd a,urr xt aIc<14 %
CJ{ll]"CJ"'>i"alar_! itfa'.;:·q·q@"i4/- ~i<Jl!,l" 3lTd 3la'IUIT cr; Rl q .ri a 3lTo
fil"l<l 1 -il" 3lTd 3lel"T :;{i~<'lil{ ~-
.;a,,-'\~'>i'CJ"'\c.· I ~'\""-911 c!l·1l!Jl!<l ! ~- 'ii~<!>. "ITT!. [84~. c;1t1lq~q,
~ ,'-1 'fl "1 '1 q c; "Ill "<'I tjJ. fi'rv:!r-
~-~c.·?.i'1 ~'>i'i<J~<J,'"'fCJ";i. ~ l!,l'r.J f '\<:IC.' ~ - ~ "i!,j 31j<"l...-J "ITT"'1T (~
?.i'·aJ·<6'c.·<:11 arl!J"<I'"-. ~-CJ1 l!<lc.l!,l' !l!<l'~l!,l-

cr; 3l j<"l fa ~ l'i ;:,r.a:r) -am
'rd" "Ill 1i&
I
i;"W fl"li{- '1 jlSQ \'tj' ~ ii
{c.l!<l'CJ'~ 'CJ!'\'\! I
;:,r.a:r, ~ Pi: <n q\j" 'l"fITT,
31 fc1 q~ a
ef.r.. ·q,:;g/- <l·c!l"i'f.l''\C.'f ~'>i''\~l!<l'~' qi1f <1211" ~ cf; qfi'r ~
~ l!,l"CJ\ '\<:IC."'J' i6'C."<:if '>I l!,l"i<J~<J,' SJ"afll]'f.l l (<'! "Cltcl x<1- ,i "" c;: cr; '"" l'i "IA
\if@ t). '"1"i!, l'i ~ 13 i-<1 "1
"i!,j
rl!,l·"l·11·<i· ~. '"'"' "'S,._. ~·1"-·1 l!,lt;l!,l· ~!!,l- N"IT. '3'1~ m w\ "i!,j 13q~~1
~ ""1FIT. '3 q Rt'c wt c/lT
si!i"<lf ~ l!,l' ll!<l'll]~C.l!<l'CJ l CJ'.l"i'f.l'll]~l!<l'
31~ wn. ~ wt c/lT
31jfl{OI i!,{'11 <1211" ~ ~ m/r
r.i 1 ~a:i.l!,l·~·~l!Jl!<l'r.Jf l!J"I~·~·~,._.~"'·
fl ~ G'-1 c1 I (i/ "CIT'cl "4'< fl H1 G, c/;
CJ~· l;i' ~ •11J"li!i·c.i,s,._. ~;{11 '"'1 it "1T"t "1Tft t) I
530
Set of Eighteen
Eighteen leisures and endow- ·'1/"l~·"F"il 'IJ''JI ci~liJ9."F"il ij"l.

ments- (Eight leisures + Ten
endowments= Eighteen): Eighl o.J.olf3j I .fl"i·qr '¥1'\."I ~c:·1r"F"i·~11
leisures- Here, the opposite of <f>IC'!'<l~ '3~~cll: 311Scli;~I
the eight freedomless states are fcrw:- 61fu101: Fcttrr,, ~ .
known as the eight leisures. The
'11 c'l-1 c/J 1, ,-l.l, >i-sfe:I Rcb l'-11:,
eight freedomless states are-
Being a hell being, being a
' i1 q Ic'I cfi x-l.l , '11 fq cH-l.l , ~ ~ c/J x-l.l ,
>11 J cfi x-l.l ('11 ftl c/J I'-11 :) , c/J 4cfi Ix x-l.l
hungry ghost, being an animal,
being a barbarian, being a long (c'll g c/J Ix x-l.l ) ' cfa-1 c/J x-l.l , 'tt Fc1 "G x-l.l ,
living god, holding wrong view, tj 4c/J Ix ,-l.l , '11 ~ c/J x-l.l , ' "1 cfi {-l.l ,
being born in a place where cl "Jcb Ix x-l.l, ~ . '-11 i1 cfi {-l.l,
Buddha has not appeared and ,~ c/J Ix x-l.l itfi, I
being born as a mute or fool. <f>IC'!'<lsl> 1l '3~~<1 31dli!i$
Ten endowments- Being a fq f.11 ~·- 61 fil Icfi cJ5T fcttrr, ~
' ~
human being, being born in a ctr. "lffi'fT 'lft 61 '1 ICi cf8 cJiT,
Buddhist land, having sound >i-sfolRcfil ctr. •hYlc'lc/J ctr, ~
sense faculties, being free from ctr, c'lofr ctr, ~ c'I' 11 Ci cf8 et!,
extreme actions and having fi1.-i1, et!. (c'llfolx) et!, ~ et!,
faith in the dharma (these are '.l,'1 c/J,: et!, ~ et!, >fig311 et!,
the five personal endowments); "'1'"cfi et!, c1'1cf>lx et!, cfi{il$ et!,
Buddha's having appeared in "1 ""11 c; et! TI:m , ~ et! I
this world, Buddha's having
Eighteen sciences as mentioned
taught the dharma, the
in Kiilacakra- That of-
flourishing of his dharma,
Merchant, potter, garland-
people following his teachings
maker. wine merchant, herds,
there and having compassionate
barber, oilman, sweeper. gold-
feelings towards others (these
smith (blacksmith), carpenter,
are the five circumstantial
weaver, cobbler, fisherman,
endowments).
washer man, worker in bamboo,
~11r~"'-."l'll.<lf1'\·q~-;;"1."1"illl·cil-ci!'\l slaughter, executioner and
chariot-maker.
~c:·q1 tf"F"il !)c:·<1~'\."F"il <1;c:·"1
"l~"i.;;IIJ'll'<rt·,;r!'\l ~I ~ ~"ii %·:.1 ~I
~9~·~1 r.i.s9·"F"il r.i.~·'\""'."F"il 9~'\-g"il i6c:~·q1 ~"i 211 ,i·:.1 ell·
;f"F"il ""l"''CII ~c:·o.JF"il Cl.~9-"F"il
' ~ll1~1 ~"l-~"l ~\~"~! 9ii:ic:·s'\l
531
31'<'.l~~lq•I: Set of Eighteen
'"l!;~l o,Ji<1i''lil aj'o,Jl :;:;· :;·1 ~<1i' r.J'llj~o,ll ~·19·,;_·t11 Q~!;'Q'r.Jj 9.,~·
<I\ ~Q' '<~!! o,J' ~· &l ·~. ~o,J ~·~. o,J :;·2i'~. Q'1"''Q' "l ~· ~ ~·
311\c:IC::tlf4EII: 1.nn:- 31W:. w:. r.J'llj~o,l'&/ll
-.,.qcf:, ""IT'T:, Ifill:, "ITTIB, ~ : .
311\c:IC::tl f.l<t>llll: (311\c:IC::tl
Rl:tlli1:, J;Rf:, ~ : . c!>l&lc;:,
ifl'illl'if.l<t>llll:): 1. ri<f1?iefRn- ·
Fcb, 01:. ,k1161:. cl>cl1 ~c1:. "T'=.
cnR'i: 'i_61{icliRac11c;:, c/il:tl14ll1:,
?ll:fit:, <f!, , ff!<& :til RI I
3lcll'<i; g~ et 1J"i;'- ~clcil,
•nf1~11,,<t>:. Ui-\'j'<1:, ~'ff\.
ciHa:tlle'l<i:, ~ 'cl I
31W. TRm, ""IT'T, "ITTIB.
Ifa1",
2. [f3{"! 'l&/rif?JcpJ:- p'
~. Rl:tlli1, J;Rf, ~. 31q,~61:, ~l-jcj(1:, ~$1~cllC::,
i:!>1-@lc;, Fcl,,01, ~(1161, cl>cl1~cl. ' '
c11 cf'd rn , c1 1c; :t i1 I
°T', ?ll:fit.
<f!, "ci"ffi fu"<i; I 3. ,FT: ?'{!ffeRT:- Jlctcl'ill1:,
Eighteen types of ghost- God, W1 l1 fi'I Rc1 I ff! 'i:, 'i !, I R151 '(q 111H:
demi-god, smell-eater (Gan- 'cl I
dharva), serpent (naga), yak~a, 4. ,FT: rl"lrfi'll: cril{i,gc'•i1c/il:.
Brahma, demon (Rak~asa), 31 cl '<1 il> I:, c1 I <:'ffl g'"'ll <11 :ti1 I
flesh-eater, hungry ghost, 3lill'<i5 f.l<t>lll (ifl'illl'i ~
gnome, witchcraft, distracter,
3ldl'<i5 f.l<t>lll): 1. -?-ITff acnRrt-
zombie, tutelary deity, master,
'cflc{r- '!,c1flc1\Rac11c;1, c/il:tl1Yll1,
sage, old person and hermit.
'it'~l~llx,C!>, Ui-\'j'<1, ~'ff\.
1,'r.J"i:i~i:it'\I 9~''1<1i''<\ ~'\·~:;·~·~·'<! cilla:tllcll1 ~ ~ I
p,
~·f<1i'~l r~·~:;·i:i1 o,J!;'t'~'r.JJ ar~· 2. [[f'q 'l&Ni/?Jc;;
aiqx:tii1, ~'lc1a, ~$1~c11c;1, -qci
'\o,J"-'t!J ~o,J'r.J"-'~'"i~'ij'tl' ~ '~o,J~'~'\' <'1'1 i!>lrn,
' cl Ic;~ I
3. fft;r ?W!w- Jlac1.-\1<1,
UJ'\''<"- ij'<l'Q~<1il "l"-'~·~·~·~'r.Jj ~Q' wi l1 f1'1 Rcl Iffl 1lcf 'li51R1i51{-
~·~'"l'9<1i~'r.Jj 9:;~·~"-'9<1i~'r.Jj ffll
4. fft;r r!"lrfi'I- i!>i{i<g<'<'iclil,
<llj 9~ 'r.J".ij'i:i 1 '\~9'~<1i. "l ~·"''\ ~·r.J". ij' 31 c1 '<1 il> ~ c1 I<:'ffl g-:fl l1 I
t1· ~ ''4"l.:i<1i· ~ 'r.J· ·~r1 ~"l·s'\'$°"l'<1i'9<1i~· Eighteen schools of Hinayani
(Lower Vehicle) Buddhist
'<\ ~9~·.i:!1·~'"l'9<1i~'r.Jj 9~'<:>lllj' I. Seven Mulasarviistivada
Schools- Miilasarvastivada,
f:;. :i<1i'"l' 9<1i ~· r.J' ~ .9"i ~''lfj<1i. r.J'"l ~· ~ ~· Kasyapiya Mahisasaka Vibhaj-
532
Set of Eighteen
yavadin, Dharmagupta Tii.mra- .-i 1,,1.rn R'I fi L"l 141 ilen, .-i IRn U""G-
sii.fiya and Bahusrufiya. q R s Ifil 1:, .-i1f«l <1"1,:JqRs1fil1:, .-i1f«l
2. Five Mahasalighika Schoo/s- f>iR'IYRs1fil1:. .-i1r«i ~ -
Purvasaila, Aparasaila, Haima- mfur:. .-i1r«i \l;,i1qRs1fil1:, .-i1r«i
vata, PrajfiapativadI and Loko- Fc1:tfclaqRs1fil1. .-i1r«i t1Jib111-
ttaravii.dI. if>lf$11'1'f4' l'-1 $11 '1 IjY R cj <ffi. "f1cl-
'~- Three Sthavira Schools-
cj I cfi/J If $11'1 'f4' I '1 $11 '1 ljY Rc!-ctl,
Jetavaniya, Abhayagirivii.sI and
{14'1 '1 «Filf$1 I'1 'f4' I '1 $11 '1 ljY Rc!-ctl'
MahaviharavasI.
3@R1SB'1 "'-I f1.' 11 \l ffl 6 d $11 '1 c; ~I '1 '\,
4. Three Sammatfya Schoo/s-
31'1 I' I clStil"'-lfi' 11 \l fi'l toa $11'1 c; ~1'1 '1,
Kaurukullaka, Avantaka, and '
Vii.tsiputriya. ,-i,
ll (1i:l1 "1 St.e1 .;q 1rn Fi'l s a;,, 1.-i c; ~11
1*[ I
~~ <6 31 g I~ 6 3llilfur<t> Eflf-
QI "l'!:!z:.·AJ· ;,;·"i·ai '\'QJ ~i\·q·~oJoJ'Q'al '\'
o~ <fi cpl<! ii c;rq ~ 6'ra1
t. ~ ii ibl C'l 16 C'I ~ t;'rai- t.
Q1 ~"loJ'QJ"oJ~oJ'Q'\'oJ'CJ<lj"l'Q'a) '\'Qj ~· Fc1 *'i Fi'! ~ M t. 31 ti y I f% t1
'\'\'Qi:l.·o,:'.l~oJ·al \Qj oJ'CJry"loJ'Qcl.'CJ>j z:.·

fqffi- . ~ t;'rai- t. fclfcm "+i"$IT
~ "61cfr %_ 311lfi'lfiL"11-~eTI
i oJoJ.a.i ·oJZ:.I:\'CJ'~·I l'QoJ'CJ i oJ'q·~<11 ~ M t. qRf%t1 U""G ~
t.
6'ra1 q Rf% a cft<t ~ 6'ra1 t.
"-~i\'QI CJ;fi\·"-~SJ! ~i\'QJ ~z:.·"-~i\l qRf%a ~ ~ M t.
qRf%t1
~oJ"'\CJ 1 ~oJ'Q'\" ~QJ"CJ'QJoJ'~oJoJ'Q'a)\Q' t1Y1fu ~ M t. qRf%t1 J;r$IT
~ M t. qRf%a fc1:tfcla ~
~ ·~"15J'QoJ'CJioJ'Q'~"l ~'"l'!;!Z:.'~"loJ'~' M t. if> I[Ii if> '!?,~I c1 c1'>1f,
"-~i\' QJ oJ' ii) ·~ oJ. ~·ii\.~'I:\~·~ z:. ·i_ SJ''!;!' c/ I fil if> '!?, ~ I C'I c1'>lf, il fn'1 if> '!?, ~ I C'I
c1'>4, 3lcf@ "if>"T 3lWT ~ 31 ll Fi'l s ci
. .
"-sz:.·CJ· ~ ·"-~i\'AJSJ ~oJ·CJioJ'Q'"l'!:!SJ I "$IFl. 31 '1 I' I ci 3l'"WT ~
"ib"T
I:\'\oJ' oJ''\z:. oJ''\. ~· CJ'QJ' oJ' a; "15J' oJ'il"l oJ' Qa..
31 ll R'l s t1 "$IFl ~ c/ cl '11 .-i "if>"T
3lWT ~ 31 \l fi'I t, a "$IFl I
ii)·~ oJ. oJ Z:.l:\'CJ' ~ .ii)·~ oJ' ~oJ' 'l i oJ' Q' "l 'l:!OJ' Eighteen unshared qualities of
Buddha- Possessing unmis-
..rn taken physical qualities, not
3llelG~ll~fill<t>I ~~QlTI:- '11f«l
possessing uncontrolled speech,
possessing undeclining
ol!l I' 1<'H-1.l «!I F&1<1 '\, .-i I Rn ~ Fc1a '\,
memory, not devoid of constant
.-i1r«i :t~af>iR'la1, '11f<-11f1'11f%a-
abidance in meditative equi-
Rlrn'1, .-i1r«i '11'11fcl,1;,,1
' poise, not having various
533
Set of Eighteen
discriminations, possessing <WI:. 31'1 <: 1Rcfjtl f.\!.!:, ~.£.Jf.1•1a-

indiscriminate equipoise, posse- 1iocf,l<i~i:lR1 I
ssing non-declining aspiration, 31 d I ~i, 'll"il>"R ~ 3lfir"& <'llffl'T-
possessing undeclining mindful- '!!, R'+l t1('!!, fj q)' ~ cf)f {@'I
ness, possessing non-declining (<!irllc), q{lrn <>1<>11c:, ~
effort, possessing non-declining (~ cf, I) cfUT, i:frc;fi 300°, cf, fi1 C'I IITT,
meditative stabilization, posse-
31 ~ "' ~ 1t filfitc
fl1 f?.I t1 ctl tl '1,
ssing non-declining wisdom,
'11Ricf,J, Rl~c;'tj ( ~ c:'m),
possessing non-declining libera-
$1i>11i,c'., ~ m'R:, -.r;sJ ~ .
tion, virtuous activity of body, .'
3lcl'1d WT-~,<1'1. 31fllil'1 ~
virtuous activity of speech,
virtuous activity of mind, ~ trx. tjs~~~ m'R:. 1i'ttr 1Jio
unobstructed and detached cl2:IT :fl, ~ m'R: ~ ~ farim
wisdom concerning the past, N'IT I
unobstructed and detached Eighteen signs of ugliness-
wisdom concerning the future Ugliness, falling hair, small
and unobstructed and detached forehead, pale colour, yellow
wisdom concerning the present. eyes, closed eye, small eyes,
eye-brows not joined, flat nose,
long teeth, stammering, crooked
body, big belly, stooped limbs,
oi~·~·~·r:'I '\:l"l'Q'~r::·r:i1 oi\"l·il,;· shriveled hands and feet, hairy
all al<1j·il,;1 3l<!j'~3l'<l1 al<1j·~:::·r:i1 body, thick joints and bad smell
emitting from body and mouth.
~i\·oia;oiJ!.l·oi·c,,5"-1 'lf5lr:i1 ~·~:::·1 l
ij'~")J!.l'3'{'\''l"Ql'<::i!)'\1 ';.l'l';i'tl 9'19'
~"1'"'1 ~'ll"-'~-'s''-11 f·i·r:i1 UJ'\'"l"j'
~J!.l·~·e1 ij·c,,\'\·~·e1 UJC::''\"l·*oi·Q·
(l,C::'Ql .,,:::·AJ<!j'3l'3l~3l'<l1 ~·~1 .i"l·
~'II .:i·01oi·~il·"l·r:i·~1 "l~"·e·r:i·9~'1·
s
ij'oi·"' 1 I"'';!J!.l' ·al·~ oi· "'~11
~·s1 soi·'l!·t·t<>Jt ,ioi·il·r:i~:::·~'11 Qol'
31 <c. I c; ~ I 3lfir1.«'IIH o II f.'l-
<!!,f<'+l t1 i-<l 'j ( ~ ) . ~~14t1'1'1, sl'"j~"l·~ "1 ,ioi·'l! ·a;:::·r:ia.·~1 ;jol''I'~\
q~h-a<>1<>11c::, q101~ciol:, <fu-r-
o1a.· t:::·2:1 soi·'l!·'\oi"'·2:1 "-\'\·s~·~·
c1'r<11:, cf,fi1<>11a,:, flif?.it1ct1t1.--i:,
~ . Rlfi1c:.--i1tr. 311,ic1~r:s;:, ~"l·J'\1 lg<>J·~J!.l·~·s·~:::·"',"t 1'11
~ : cf,wJcf,111: <>11-l!c'.: 3M'1t11'1-
, ..!) r
t·,;r:i·r:i~:::·1 ,ioi·'lla.·~~·;.1'\·t"ll ~-·
I
~~<'llcn''n-aI:, 31 fFi i, ft1 q Ic; ~tl, tj §~ ~~
534
Set of Eighteen
~AJ. ''i' ~z:...._AJ' CJ' ;so:,l :i z:.. ~ z:.. °\ '&1 z:. ..r ~AJ'f&l&l'<l ·z:it"il .F'jgj4/'t:!@'i'1/-
SJ")"\11 u.iz:.·.S&I [ £li:1y °'1'11 Qil!,l·c,_(&1&11 ';,'

31ticlC:~I ttlW<!i~llffil'I:- Gft- c,_i:f"il ';,'"-Q\it°'J'<lj ai'<ll "<l'".j'ai'<lj
~I\JJq,:, •1'1~11c1~1~j;::1:, ~~1Jlg-c1:,
fi "141. 31 Ri-1 a oi Ic'1 c/5 ""l c1l:. f.rn-~
&l°'J"'SJ "i"\11
$llfag-c1:, ill(';l"lg1"1ll:, ill(':101- !!Jt:: "i541 ."'@'if- ~i'!:!"' ~°'i I ~-!:!..,·l,'AJ'
~ : . ill(';l"lclftletq':, ill(':101-
ill(';ll'.1:, ill(':1014'>1'1'lf:, ill(':101- <ll ~-'.')"i'Ei"I <!';-~·,i"I .S·~&1''ll
c'll f§ a:. e'l i:i iii -1 g)l ,Jl c/5:, 31TThs- ~~AJ'~"'<!]&l'<Jj <Ji!'~"'<!]&l'<Jj <Ji!'i~·
c/J Ic'I I'-1:' q R !'l I"1 c/, '/:j,"fl:':' lj I OI cl c/,-
f1 "1 <1 :, c/5 I~ <1 q "1 fe c'1 :, :'l['ISQ'- <J'~"'<!]&l'<J:fj l
'1' I'i ~ tj I
'1~<1>1" ~ 31dl'I(; ~llffil
4R!'ll"1c/J, •11~11M1g-c1. ~~1-$1- Q~&l&l'CJl!,l'~AJ'<lil:i:ri~l!,l'<li'<l~"i·ili\
T!' fi "11.il . ~ oi Ic'1 c/, ""l c'\)'
f.rn-.et $11 fa '.)."'1, il I(';101 g1"1 <1, \11
ill(':101 ~- ilf(':101 cfiF.ilTetq', 31 tic Ic; ~ If«'IEI: -Rq,:- ffl
ill5l"I ill(':11'.1, !lll~UI 4'>1'11-[, ljOljrf'(c/)/:- ~:. q,lc1'("/_?f:,
1111 ~ u I c'1l f§ d, e'i i:i c/5'1 '.)."'1 '3 ,jl c/5, fi1c11a: ' ~ :' 11 2c..• 1-ii~cl: , ('fC!"l: '
3!1xl-sililc'll'1, 4R!'ll"1c/J ~- ~~a=1~q='i:, 31 cfl fi1 ~ tl I
11101clc/J '1i"1<1, c/51~<14 "1fec'I c!W JT7fft ef!rraN01:- 31¥:. f-1-1~<::.
?fIT'l' 31 .-i ' I '1 I = : m:
C'C''-1' :::;:::;-i' ~=: \.TJl...,I...,,
'3 cl1 c'1: '
'C["O: '
The eighteen masters of Non- '1iol4'U~tl I
Buddhists- Parivrajaka, GosalI- ~l~~lc/J'i~c/5:, ~('ijc/J'i~c/5~-tlfa I
putra, V ilira9iputra, Safij ayr, 31 d f '( i; l.l <Ii I 'I ~ -Rq, : Jllo cf'filf
Ajita Balakambalr, Nirgrantha 'if'?cli- fi cl) cl, c/5 Ic'1 {["'1, fi t1 I<1,
Jfiatiputra, Brahmal).a-Hetujaya, ~ . '11,l{i~cl. ('fC!"l, ~<114'1 c!W
Brii.hma\la Bhadraka, Brahmal).a
Vaktrok~epa, Brii.hma\la Brah-
mii.yu, Brii.hma\la Padmagarbha,
Brahmal).a Lohita, K~eman-
3JcfJfq I
Jllo
~. Wf.
ma 'if?qi- *.
3!cc, (l cl1 c'1 ('3 cl1 c'1
f-1 ~ ~c:.
f1 'i_ ~ I q, c '11), 'Cf"O ('C!"O f1 'i_~ I

karaputra U9raka, Ararakalii.ma,
4>c'11) c!W '1i,14'U (11514"1
Parivrajaka Subhadra, Mii.l).a-
vaka Safijaya, Kasyapa Ja~ila f1'i_~I 4>c'11) I
and ~~i Anangana. ~l~~lc/5 ~ ~ ~(-iji'li ~ I
535
Set of Eighteen
Eighteen realms of hell: Eight 311cl.-;~1Fclc11 'i<i114Ra:- t<l-

hot hells- Samjiva (Reviving), x=wr• q,/'-foi .-.-; I 'cl. w\t.RRi 'cl
Kalasiitra (black line), Sam- 3lC:1'1'\, llffi~:i1~sfq 3l'¥l!
ghata (mass destruction), iJ1'tm. 'l i51 ll l'1 ll ffiITT . r.'HM-
Raurava (crying), Maharaurava (; cl.1 I 4 i51,•. fl<l',IJllffiITT•, c/ll~II.J-
(great crying), Tapana (hot), q,--::11YSI·(. 3ll'1'f1£1cjj1JcJici•,
Pratapana (very hot) and A vici fi'rui11~t11,01'l, --1•1,1~• ~-
(non-respite).
3l'TR ~f"llcil~~l'11, ~.
Eight cold hells- Arbuda
(Blistering), Nirarbuda (Broken
r1c!ct'1'\. ~ I T T . wa-
'l 1'1 <ltl IJ'i'I I cl I c; •. '>i IcJcjjfoi~ I,
Blister), Hahava (Crying by GNM«i <1'11C:1'1'l, c:~'i'lc'!tll,01~.
' :; '
saying 'Kye-hud'), Huhuva ~--"~~ro-,i.1-1-,1-~-"-il=r;, 1
(Sneezing), A!a!a (Chattering 31d"i5 'i<i114Rdlli- "'1-~
teeth), Utpala (Splits like ~ q,/'- foi ...-; I. WI <.[I l'T'1 <ITT GR
Uutpala), Padma (Splits like "'1 cl, , '1 I, RI, <l) cfi &RT \l R, ~ ~ l'1 I
Lotus) and Mahapadma (Splits fcl,,) \ilR q,/' ,fr (Hi <Ii 1ln1 UfFf
like Big Lotus). "'1 if'1T. 'l i5 Ill I'1 cITT <'llJlT (J;fi,JUT),
And Pradesika (the occasional RT-~ cfi tf"f cITT ~ - "fr.&4
hell) and Pratyeka (neighboring cITT "f1TTTT (ll i5 I oI), cl, Iq Ill c!F-1 qi!
hell). <'llJlT, 3l I'1 'fl £1 q?"",j cfiv!T,
fi'rui11~ cITT t!RU!. 'J:"11,~ qi(
~~,:;·i;it-i;i!'\1 <1'\<l]"<if\99i!i}!~I i~-
r1'11~1. 3lj4~cfct ~ c[il
~,._-,:i-~,;·i;i1 'li19~':l!t;'&J '1)i!i''-l",''l~"1' ~f"llctl cITT '34~~1 ~ - f1R1cj\
f1l-<!lfi:r ~ ~ "i5T'TI, lllRl~l&l
'-11 il9·~i!i'1jt;'<I\ ~"li!i'<Ji9·'\"1"-'"-!i'9
-- ~
~<J·<t~·~i;·i;i1 ;;.,;·~9·c,_~9·c.i1 ~ -
<Ja,<J~·
cITT "flTTlT, ~ "'lT'fq wt it
~ 'i'llcJIC:, ~lcJc/,i.11'1 -tl
foi ...-; I' RT-~ cfj 8"'l cITT 3ITTR,
~'i·~-"l~·s~·c.i1 ili"9··1r"-~i!i·c.i1 sfi;·
~·m cITT tfRUl cfl'.IT ~
cITT <'llJlT I
Eighteen root moral downfalls-
'1J ~-'l 'l/i!i' CJ I ~ 9~·sc;·"l~· Cl :il 9'CJ"-'S \'JI
<:",. .,,,.. - "'
Praising oneself and belittling
others, not giving material aid
.r-~,,-~t;''ll &1·i~ai·<Ji.l:<1~"i1j''ll '1)i!i'
or teachings of Dharma, not
listening (caring) to when
someone confesses his or her
offences, abandoning the
teachings of the Greater
536
Set of Eighteen
Vehicle, depriving the of the = : =

~ '', ~'---c.'': ''' 3l'Til<li1: , .!) ---, =-
offerings given to Three Jewels, ~~,~1c1=i:·. <J:io ('{, c1 I:. 31~f1a..,~erct,~t1='fcl~I.:.
abandoning the holy Dharma, 3l<[i',T:. m:, '(j'i~l 1:, xjC: ~\-11:,
disrobing monks and nuns, 3l et, f.'i to I~ i1 R1 I
committing any of the five 3ldl~i', 'l"if>l'x ~ *i41<liNI
boundless actions, holding ~<fdl- i,1 t\1 et, I111 et,, i,1 t\1 9,'1 fil d ,
wrong views, destroying places !,lt;1q1R~c:. >iioli,llt:i"I. q{1mrlf,
of pilgrimage, teaching empti- ~
31Q'11011''1', 311"1T'fi'R, q, Im '\Jlf,
ness to improper receptacles,
~. 3A11<1>, ~u~~>:iq,
turning people away from
practicing for enlightenment, 'l: i', (qi c1 ' 3l fi ~ cfj {i '<'cl ' 31'"<%,
abandoning the vows of indivi- 3f\j""q, 1'i~1. C(jC:~1'1 <!2Tf
dual liberation, lying exorbi- 3l et, f.'i to I
tantly of superhuman attain- Eighteen types of god of Form
ments, belittling the Lower Realm- Brahma Category, In
Vehicle, misappropriation of the Front of Brahma (Priest of
property of the Three Jewels, Brahma), Retinue of Brahma,
holding corrupt morality and
Great Brahma, Little Light,
abandoning the mind of
enlightenment. Limitless Light, Bright Light,
Little Virtue, Vast Virtue,
Cloudless, Born From Merits,
.tz::,~r <J/:l..&l)i\''\'"'\i\ r .tz:: o.i·<Jq."'F"' r Great Fruit, Beings having no
Discriminations, Not great,
.tz::o.i·<J· i<1·<fr f 'i. ti::·r .t'i·.:i 'i·f'ii
Without Pain, Excellent Appea-
f'i'"]"l"lf 'i9'tZ::'[ 'i9'~"1[ ~i\'&l'i[ ance, Great Perception and Not
Q~\i\&l"'l'i&Jf <>.:j&J''Ji''lj "')'~&J' Below.
.:i 'i·<Jl:l.·iil&io.i· iii\ 1 .i·i ·Qr .i·"l)z::·Q 1 ~'11'"]'\"'l'i'Q'Ql''l!'il ci'f~"]'<J[ "]oi'CJ'
~rf!.i·~z::·Q1 ~'1'1'!.Jtz::·ci 1 f"l·.i"i·

~"]'<lj ~·~"]'<Jj iS"')'!.l'~"l'<lj ~·f'i·~·
~&J&J'~l[ "'~"l'~ '\' ~"l '<J 1 i\Z::·Q~'i·~· iil !,J&J'iii\·~ "l'
3lllclC:~I ~cfT:-
'(<141<1"<1'<1
<JJ QJ&J'~"]''lj i'"li\"'l'~"]''ll )&J'~"l'
~t\1cnli11cnl:, i,1t;1g~1fila1:. ~ - <JJ "'~'CJ'~"]''ll ~&J'"-CJ'~"]''ll CIJ\
q1R~c:1:. '1!,l!illf.1U11:, q{1cf11'l1T:,
31WJTUll'l1T:. 3fllIBRT:. q {1 ct-1- ~"l''ll ~·ci·~"l'<JJ '!;("l'~"l <JJ ~"lo.i·
537
31'<'.l~~l<PI: Set of Eighteen
~''"-"1'<11 sz:::~i:r ~ R!Fch<clillll•I, -'efcr, ~.

"<ft R'I q' ' I fil I t1' 'lTllT, TM (!2IT
,;R'i51f1 I
Eighteen types of science 1-
Science of Painting and Handi-
1 ~i:ri·~ci~1 a.,J\,;~1 'JlC:.~1
~ ~
"'ClJ'3J craft, Science of Medicine,

~
;1 i:ri~·~'il r~-~i:ri~ 1 cii1 Cl,'4C:, ~ 1 - Science of Grammar, Science of

Logic, Science of Inanimate
I"' ~
"l'i'\'.i°l!j~ 1 ll·"i' 1 ~~·r.i1 ~'\'<11 World, Science of Animate

World, Science of Action,
~"'·311.l_·'i~'i 1 K~l 3)I!]'Cl,~ClJ 1 {'I'~' Science of the Origin of Birth,
Science of Time, Science of
"'"~ I f '\'~c:.·ci·~l!J'r.iA31~·~11 Death, Science of Knowledge,
3t tic I ~~I fcl t'.11 ~ Fll f.t- ftrc;q- Science of Mind, Science of
fmn, RJ Fch<cli Ifcl QI, ~I ii'; fcl QI, Birth, Science of Country,
g1fclQ I, C'llit,RIQ I, fjfqfclQ I, Science of Mantra, Science of
q,lffclQI, "1"'1RIQI, it,IC'lfclQI, Medicine, Science of Dharma
't<":J.fcl Q I, $11 '1 fcl Q I, 'i '11 fcl QI,
and Science of Bodhi.
OR
"11R'ifclQI, ~~lfclQI, '1":1fclQI,
Science of Music, Science of
~tl"llfclQI, 'tllffclQI, ~ "'cf I Amorous Skill, Science of
<IT House Keeping, Science of
~ : ( ~ ) . ~~lit,'j, <'llct-1\. Mathematics, Science of
f1 ii'..."-1 'j, ~:. Rl Fchl'&it1 '1, -.frfi'r:, Grammar, Science of Medicine,
~lc'G'j, ~ : , ~:, <WT, -'efcr:, Science of Theology, Science of
~. "l.ilR'ltl'j, •1fillt1'j, 'lTllT, Arts and Crafts, Science of
g,1°1'j, ,;R'i51f1cb -irfcr I Archery, Science of Logic,
31 d I~ i; gif>T'{ <!l't fqm- Science of Pharmacology,
~ I c'G fcl QI, RIFch<clilfclQI, Science of Study, Science of
~l&;fclQI, i;1fclQI, c'llcjjfclQI, Contemplation, Science of
'{ifqfclQI, ifjlffclQI, "1"'1RIQI, Astronomy, Science of Astro·
it,IC'lfclQI, lt<":l,fclQI, $1HfclQI,
logy, Science of Magic, Science
of History and Story Telling.
'1-ilfclQI, "11R'ifclQI, ~~lfclQI,
'1":1RIQI, ~qGljfclQI, 'tllffclQI (ci·r.i·ci~i:i!'i1 ~'\·~-~I!]~· r.ii.l.''l.S~ ~
<f~~I
"llT s"'·
31 ( 'I.~- s·cil.l.· ~l!J ~-r.i 1 ~'I·~9~1
~. ~~lie/,, "cf"ITTf, til\'...."-1, ~ .
RJ fcl, <c/i I, 't1 4--n c1'\ ftrc;q, 't1 jfcl Q I, I. According to Abhidharma Tradition.
538
Set of Eighteen
"-'"\' 9· "-'"-C::'Cl"-'"-9<-1'!:l'"'r:::"\·)·5·<:10.· f1 clz c; I' 11 fi'I LJ,C'I xi la-l I fcw41 !.I fa 4 "'1 c/J,
xiclz c; I' 1141, 31'1 I' 11 fi'I q, C'1 {i l!ffRT-
s"-·~9,;·.i1 "'"\·%9·s"·;{r:::·<:11 s"-·Ei·
f,),41 !.I fa 4"'1c/J, 31'1 I' 11 '1"1, 3l ~CTi'l-
;{r:::·<:10.·a.so;·!:!·"'~"\·)·s·<:10.·s"-·~9,;·<11 Ljj('{ fi laJ I Fiw 41 !.I fa 4 "'1 c/J, ~-
S"-·El·;{r:::·<:1 I '\Sl' <:1t...-~'i'~·o.9o;·!:l·"'~"\· ffl, 1c.1+1lj,il-l'l. ~ .
if ~ !.11 «1, cg c>1 cg c>1, ~ "' q"J RI "'.
)·s·<:10.·s"·~9,;·.i1 '\'\''-lo.to;·~·"-sr:::· 3l"d \i Iq Rf.'I c1hf1. '3 q q €l q Rf.'I c1hf1,
"II i°'o;·~to;·~·o.sr:::·<:11 '\'\<1<-1-.;:f,;·.i1 m Cfi fcf> I, q Rf.'I c1141. 31'ffer-
ti fcf> 1, q Rf.'l c1 ill"i ~ ~ I
•ifr:::·<:1,;:;<:1·.i1 ~9,;·"\,;·~9,;·'!:!· i'Cl I
Eighteen learners- One who
Cl"-' <l,'\'9%9·.i1 "1"-'3J"j.._,ti:j'C::<-1''!:!'~'C::"\' enters for the attainment of the
result of Stream-Winner,
a.io;. "''\"-' <:1 I i ,;·"\,;· ti:fr:: ,;·~-~·r:::"\'"' ,;·
Stream-winner, one who enters
"-'\"I' .i 1 "'~"\..i"."-).S'\."ir:::· Cl;,;,;·.i ,;· for the attainment of the result
of Once-Returner, Once-
ti:fr:: ,;·'!:!·~·r:::"\·"',;·"''\,,_.Cl I "'~"\..i"·a.)· Returner, one who enters for the
s
El· '\.<I''\r:::.Clil<-1. <!<-I. ti:fr:: ,;·'!:!'~C::"\'"' ,;· attainment of the result of
.,. .,. .,. Never-Returner, Never-Retur-
"-'\"-'"11 9r:::·)'Q,Oj'QQ,11 ner, one who enters for the
311ic.li;~I ~~:- W<'f3ll4f&lCJiC'I- attainment of the result of Arhat
~ !.lfa4"'1c/J:, -Gll<114"'1:,
(Foe-Destroyer), a follower by
faith, a follower by phenomena,
f1 clz c; I' 11 fi'I q, C'1 f1 lei I fiw4 I~ >lfcl"-
a follower by devoted interest,
y '"'i q,:, f1 clz i; I' 11 '11. 31'1 I' 11 fi'I-
one who has attained the correct
CJi C'l fi lal Ifiw 41 ~ !.lfa4"'1c/J:,
view, one born from family to
3!'11' 1141, 3l ~CT<l q, C'1 f1 la-l I fcw41 ~
family, one who is bound by
!.lfa4"'1c/J:, '>l<!lljxil-l'l, til-lljfil-l'l, one obstacle only, one who
. ~ : c;~!,11'<1:
....... Q;;l:ll'-1:.:!,'-t~I, t , <hi:1c/JC'l:
..:, ..:, , attains liberation 1n the
~ c1,q"J Rlc1,:,31 'fl xi 4Rf.'lc1ill"J. "4- intermediate state, one who
4<14Rf.'l c114t. ~ - attains liberation as he is born,
f.'I c1 ill"i . ~ fi fcf> " q Rf.'I c1 I4'l. he who attains liberation with
~'c!I great effort, one who attains
31:,jli(i, ~IRI'- @3!14F&iCJiC'l- liberation without great effort
'f!Tal I fcw 41 !.I fa 4 "'1 c/J, -Gild I 4 "'1, and one who progresses higher.
539
Nineteen to Fifty-One
~·,:i o!i'~9"1'<1'Q~·'\llj · '-'\ ~3,1·r.p,:1i- itanetra, Ratnasikh1, Megha-

svara, Salilagaj agam1 and
3Jl('\\ £l·,:iJ'\'tJ\ i~\'\tJ"j'al'\l ~"l'i"'i'
-- ~
~'-'"1"1"1 '\"\'"l1·~ci·tJ1 ~3,1·"1~"1"!
LokabhilasL
&r~9·<r,:i~·l, {"1'~'3J~'-\'"l'&f'-Ol''J! 5·
'
"1{"1''j".'il"'i! ~3JOl'il'\'JQ! "f".'Q' 3Jr.l.'3J~'-\l \"1~"'"1! "I'-'! 5! ~-
""~"1 90J"''!:!,Cl\ i'i\~i-·1 ~:ll·!:!,ci 'JI "1~"'"11 "'-"1 t"I t"l '\~."'~~!
3,1,:,,·a:J·l<J,s:11 !;J~,l~"II ~"1'"1"ai·t"I i"1·,:i~ail ':\"'i·~i-·1 ll.qf"]'tJ\ "13J1 @I
~"'i'i"'i'"1~''j".'il"'i! ""~"1'~! :iii-·<i'· ~'"I Ol'§" 'Q l :., "1' 'lr.l.. ~. 3Ji '\'"I'&iC: Ol'~,
i.~".''-\~._.~._ 'l~'\'<11 "IOI\ "10l'~'~3J''J". ~"\''l\ ~·"j~"l'"j~l[
'lit!! ~'114-~IRI 31f4EJI:- '{q\"11fi-1\'.11,
(! <1>) '1 Fcf ~, R1 cfl!,11 ,, d'l I'l If.'1- <IIYxl'i'llfi-1"11, ~.
a,'1 ii 1:,
.
31~,.
' F>, F,,
31fi'Rrr,,,, «"!-
f°'I .., "" ..,
3JUl Ii:'i Ifc1 "11, '1 cf> jf.'I:.
p, .., fcRIT. ~ . "lT'Tf-
cf>l~<iq:,
qa;i.'J?!:,
~llcflljA:,
!,u,R-ia-1?1:, xM~l~l.
<;IY,s;cf>x:,
™MI fc1 "11. ilM fc1 El I, ~-
.. .., ~ \ r;:,.. Wi cl Ifc1 EJ I, *'1~1111a11Fc1.u1, cf>'lt-
<-i f1 ,:q ,(:, fl c1 I"I' I0'1' 11 'il, c'I Icf> 11'1-
~ 'Afi'r1
fcRIT. cf> tj fc1 q Icf> Ifc1 El I, ~
(fl1,Jl1'@ <ff -s3-rri~n-tt "lT'f- a
,1'<11. 'Afi, I
31~. 31fi'Rrr,,, ~. i;Jr•fltt 31f4a1~·- ~ '$\
<ll'flf1ffif<&. fclq~~l. ~1cl1, 31 fc1 El I, 31 q '1.1 'i'l cF\ 3l fc1 "11, '3'lJ<!
Fc1 ~cl~. Th'{?, ilJ~. cf>'1 ct>jf.'I. 3l fc1 E.! I, 31'cl:ITT'i 61 fc1 E.! I, 'iITTIT
cj-,1~11Y, ~llcflljf.'i. <;lcicj-,x, 31fc1,u1, ~ 31fc1,u1, ~ qi
Y<il'1?!, !.lfoffirl'1?!, xM~I~'\ 3l ft-1 M cF\ 3l fc1 "11. . ~ qi
~f1,(-q( fli41c'l'l"1'11'il ~ 3l ft-1 M cF\ 31 fc1 "11, ~: '& qi
c'll cj-, Ifi'1 c'I I"11 I 3l ft-1 M cF\ 3l fc1 E.! I. fl ji; ~ qi
Names of nineteen Tathagata- 3l ft-1 M cF\ 3l fc1 "11 f.'Rm qi
Vairocana, Ak~obhya, Amita-
bha, Ratnasambhava, Amogha-
3lftiM cF\ 3lfc1 "11. 'Wf qi
siddhi, Vipasy1, Sikh,, Visva- 3lftiM <!fr ~ '$\
3lfc1E.il,
bhil, Krakucchanda, Kanaka- 31fc1e.11, ~ ('ITT_! ~ ~
muni, Kasypa, Sakyamuni, ~ cF'r) cF'r 3l$11'1dl, fY~ll~ci'1
Dipati.kara, Padmanetra, Prahas- cF'r 3l Fc1 "11, cf>'ll cF'r 3lfclw. q)1j
540
cfi fcl 4 Icb ct1" 31 fcl <11 cl~ Wfl<

ct1" 3l fcl <11 I Q.J l!,l'C\'j'\' CJ I
- ....,...
9 ,;·~'C\Of'l I
..... ...,,
';j!!,1':]j'O'll;"i'
Nineteen ignorances-Thal of·
The extreme of the beginning, ~ai·~ 'j'!.lj '\'\'r.iil,·i l!,l'~'C\,:j!;'CJ\ i"l!,I'~'
extreme of the end, extreme of
i l!,l'~'C\:,l;'Cl\ 3,J'll;'Cll!,l']fo·r.i, ~O,l'~l!,I'
both, internal ignorance,
external ignorance, ignorance of ~;J·r.i,;,· ~"-!'CJ I ~1!,1'1,;·&:i·g,;,·ci,;,· ~;J·r.i,;,·
both internal and external,
ignorance of the existence of ~"-!'CJ\ 9 ~ 1!,1'1/l.·~ '"-11!,1'~.sJ·r.i,;· ~Q.J·ci I
Buddha, ignorance of the
existence of Dharma, ignorance
of the existence of Sangha, y y
:!I "-I 'Cl .Cl -i; l!,I 1!,111
ignorance of the existence of
suffering, ignorance of the Fc1~1RI: ~1<1<1>9,c:_•1<>1st>>J1:- @-
existence of the cause of 3JT4""f:. {1 Lf1 il;i~ cl 4 ''l. '!i, C'1 <g C'1:.
suffering, ignorance of the *1il;i~l'll'il." " p..,
~cb<Dfi<cb. "
31'11'11'11.
existence of cessation, 31 "1 xi q RA c1lti'1. 04 4 u4 R f.'1 c1\lfl.
ignorance of path, ignorance of m fi x'c/J ix 4 R f.'1 c1 I4'r. JAfi'r-
cause, ignorance of the fi «1> 1x 4 R f.'1 c1 \ li"I, ~.
production of cause, ignorance c/Jl<1*11afr, ~<!llj*11fl, E11ilj*11fl,
of the source of touch, 1tz111"1:, -111i<1Fcl:ti!n:, 31,1'11.1-
ignorance of action, ignorance
Fcl:ti!n. ~ . i;rw-
of the maturation of karma and
the ignorance of the knowledge
of both of the source of touch
* *
Fcl:ti!n. ~<i,IFcl:ti!n~-ilfa I
~l<lcb'll'1 3l'j,'11x ~ Y<l>R
',!c;.'IB- ffl3114"1, '1'n-
and action.
~.i:;q4,'1, '(;"1'!;"1, *1cJ;i~l'll'il. "
~cf>ql"fu c/J, s!Fll'll'il, " 31"1'14 R-
f.'1c114'r. mfi«B1'4 Rf.'1c1llft.
3l'1fi1 fi «1> ix 4 R f.'1 c1 I4'r. ~ .
"io.i·~9o.i· •1:r~·CJ1 "-li\·~9·~,;,-~,;·CJ1 CJ,;,· cbl<1*11afr, '>l<!llj*11fl. t11ilj*11fl,
~1·i:ri%9·r.i 1 ~,;,·&:l·~,;·CJ I CJ,;,·;r'\,;,· 1fz111"1, '1l-J<1Fcl:ti!n. 31-111-Jll-
Fcl:ti!n, ~ . 044£1-
cir,; o.i ·~·~·,;"i'"-I o.i ·"'1,,_. CJ I ~ l!,l'"i l!,I' il:f,;·~r 4 R f.'1 c1 I4'r. 11;,, 1Fcl :tiln cl~ ">T<!l1-
~· ~· ,;"i·"-lo.i ·"''\,,_. ci I "t"i'r.i,;·"' ~·S'\.'\,;. R1 :tiln I

Twenty types of persons
CJ-i;l!,I· !.I !!,I' il:f,;o.i· ~·~·,;"i.Q.J 1!,1 '"''\,,_.CJ I ;it"i' according to Sravaka School-
Stream-winner, one who has to
541
pass into seven births in the •1-s'1i-s·. ~- <'llfg:. UITT.

sarilsiira, one born from family 'F[-'11'!, cf-"51, rrc;:-~-1J,s-
to family, once-returner, one l"lR'!, 'l:l<-c'l,1-~. 'f1C'f-'iil,
who is bound by one obstacle -gcrr-Tf',s'-~, 'qft-~-~
only, never-returner, one who ~I
attains liberation 1n the ifNr 'll"'IB- qi ('I I~ I, ~.
intermediate state, one who lf,s'-ffi, ~. ~-'TT, Gilell,
attains liberation as he is born,
~ . iJ1TITI-i!sRTT, 'cf(,I, T,-g-~.
one who attains liberation with
great effort, one who attains
~. <'llfg, uR-s. 'Ff-'lll.
liberation without great effort, cf-"51, rrc;:-~-"J,s-l"lR'l, m-

one who progresses higher, one c'l,1-~. ftc;j-~. -gm-~-
who manifests body, a follower ~ ~ ~-~-Tf',s' I
by faith, a follower by pheno- Twenty mountains- Mt. Kailash,
mena, one who has attained the Thanglha, Mang-Khar, Buie,
correct view, one who attains sTar-sGo, Phola, Khari, Jomo-
liberation in ti1ne, one who Kharag, Dorjey, Gang-Zang,
attains liberation not in proper sTedum, Lachi, Tsering, sNa-
time, one who attains liberation Nam, Te-sdo, Yarlha Shampo,
in time as well as without Selje, Havo-Gang-Zang and
reference to time, one who
Tsari N gale-Gang.
attains liberation by means of
transcendental wisdom and one 1~·a,~i!i·ij·~! .r~r~·~~'';l''l.S<;'CJ\ 'i'i'
who attains liberation by means
of faith. q~-~~'';l''l.,l<;'CJ\ ~"i-,'11~'!.l.!l~'l!J"i<I
-o"a.J·<i'·CJ I ~iii'i '11 ~- ~~. ~'11~·"i ~-~l!J~·,·
IIJ"~·~·ij·~r ~-~1 ~"-~! alE;'a.Jf"'l ~-
.olf ~,;·tf1 l.i''"I\ <llf'l.'~l (.i:rf'"'9 '( i'<l\ ~"i.,'11 ~-a)~-~<!j~'"i~'~9~ ,i
~1 9" <l•":-1 ~~a.Ji "l·s1 ~-~._·1 <l\ s"'·O:-,;·i9~·q1 s"'·O:-,;·qs~·l!J"i~·
-o"a.J·q <l\ s,;·i{,;·qs~·<!]"i~'I;!'i'q~·~1
l"i"'l\ ~·{1 0:\~·,,;·~"1\ "l>;'~'"fa.J'<i\
'lj~"l°l\ ")'Q''!jE;~'<J'lE;'\ ~~'£;'"!~'
s"'·.i·o:-i;·i<11~·q1 ,:i,;·,;,',;·Q,'i'l,'CJ\ i~·
<!j!;~'CJ~~-~ll -o"a.J· "i ~'!'!' <;"i '"I~-Q,'\'l.' <J l a.;c,'"i'q~·q1·
~-~IR! [)1R-111J1l:r- qj('ll~I:, s 'i''i<;'CJ~~'<J",'!'j'!;"i'"l~''l.'\'l.'CJ\ t<J~\

l!l-s·~I. lf-s'-ffi, ~. ~-'TT, q,;.q~·a).s'i' q·'i<;. <J ~~.q,;.!'j'!;"i'"I~'
LJil('II, ~:. ~-i!sRTT:, zj;:i\,
542
"-'\"-'"I "-~"'"I ~'\·~·"-~"."I "1"ii!J' abider into the fruit of stream

entrance, one who is born from
~i!Ji!J'"'\·~·"-~"."I i!Jic:.·~i!J·~·"I ':J,i!J' the family of god to the family
i!J("i'S'\I '\':!l''l1i!J'~"1i!J''ll 'lol·~·~· of god, one who is born from
human family to human family,
~il.'".C:.' ~C:.i!J' ~i!J'Q,;~·ij'l 1 enterer into the fruit of once-
returner, the ordinary abider
f.1·~1RI: ~=- 1,p1\j,il<l'1. ~ - into the fruit of once-returner,
m. "W\1311 q "i q, C'1 {'1.1 'i I~ <b: the special abider into the fruit
("W\13! I q R'f1 q, C'1 {'1.1 'i I~ c!i: ). fflof once-returner, enterer into the
31 I q "i ~ ii '!1 &i '!1 C'1:, "W\13lT'F'f- fruit of never-returner, one who
'i j <'>LI '!!, "1 '!!, C'1 : , {I ilt c; I' I Ifi'l \I Ri- attains liberation in the
4 "i et>:, xii/i c; I' I Ifi'l q, C'1 {'1.1'1 I~ <b:, intermediate state, one who
{I i1t c; I ' I I fi'l q, c:,H~ fc1 !fl q <b:, 3Al- attains liberation as soon as he
' I I fi'l II RI q a.i <b:, ai 'f1 x1 q R f.'1 c1llfl. is born, one who attains
13qq£lqRf.'1c1llfl. ~ - liberation with great effort, one
f.'1 cl j '-n. 3Frfi'H-i fi!i Ixq R f.'1 ii I41. who attains liberation without
"<j<l:. ~ : . {11'9,tJ:. ~ - great effort, one who progresses
tllf~l'i:, <bll.1{11~. 3\t;<'ARlqa.iq,:, higher, one who progresses half,
one who progresses every
i)u,;1fi'i\l,l1<b'.l,<!l~i-1 I
where, one who attains libera-
~ "ff"Ef- tl'ilj,il{), ~<!lljfll<l'1.
tion in the same life time, one
"W\13! I q "i q, C'1 {'1.1 'i I~ <b (ffl- who manifests body, enterer
3! Iq fi'a q, <'H~ 'i I~ <b), "W\13lT'F'f-
into the fruit of Arhat and
~ ii '!1 &i '!1 C'l, "W\13! Iq "i 'i j"-1- Rhinocerous-like Self-Buddha.
'!t<'1 '!1 C'l, fl ilt i; I' I Ifi'lq, C'l {~ 'i I~<b,
{I cltC: I' 11 rl\l RI q "i <b. '<ii/i c; I' 11 fi'l- ,·f"i·~·~t ~·"I '<f"i'"-1l::"ii "-.i'<''ll
~ . 3!11'11rl\1Rlqa.ic/J,
ai 'f1 x1 q R f.'1 c1\,.n, 0 qq£l q Rf.'1 c114t.
"-£'"1''ll ~"1''\"1 il ol".'tl "1ii:f·1:11
mx-ifili 1xqRf.'1c1l~1. 3Fl"fi1- ~"1i!J''ll ~i!J''l".'Cl.al''l:lj (·£3)'\''ll
x-ifili1xqRf.'1c1llfl. "<j<l. ~ .
~",'a)'\''ll ~"1~''ll ~'\''lj i!J''\'\''lj
. >!i1'9i'1. ~tllf~l'i. <bl'-1,il~.
3\t!<'ARIY"i<b ~ i)o,;l{i'i\lt./1</J- il)·~1 ""1'al'\''ll '<i'\'2.i!J''ll ~i!J'l:l~"i'
'.l,<!l I
i!J' ell "i' CJ I ~ i!J' "1 cil c:.·1:1.;~· ij'll
Twenty Sailghas (the twenty
kinds of practitioners)- A fclffl'o: id4<h'lffl:- w'ltr:. l:l4'"11t,:,
follower by phenomena, a .re:i: (11w1c:.-i•l). !.lc.1~-r (11c:1~1 ).
follower by faith, the ordinary
t"-li. 'lfln, 'i I('{I l.J 1-\ ('i ('{I x ),
543
~11,p.1'). l=JG:, Fclf§'<-11. 31 I~ c,l.l 'j, ''\ <!]l!;'r.ia.· ~ i::·r.i·~ '\ I '\i:: l!;·r.i·al1·qo.·
311 q ':11 C/.l 'j, ,["("ll I '"1 '\, 31~ 4 <'1-1 'j,
r;f ~ '\'~· { i::·r.i·~'\ 1 '\(I!,'</' { i::·q·~11
31T~. ctilfllt!'j (311 c'I f<-1 ')),
J:11,lc;:' '.!fq i:1 flt~ i:11, 31 f1 !,! "1 "11 'j, '\(1!,'<i'al'\·r.i· ( i::·r.i·~'\ I ,;i::·~·rif~1-~·
fcta'i q ~tl ~ I
~ \i4ctdt~- m. '3411g. -.racr
( i::·r.i·~ '\I "1~°i·~-r~· ( i;·q· ~1·ci.~·
(!.1-iUl<':1), !.l<':l'<i (1<<':1~1), ~ - (i::·~'\'~''(jitll
l'!T<n, 'ilc{l<\ (licti,), ~llql.l, l=JG,
fcl f§ f1 I, 311.;°1 c,1.1, 311 q ':11 C/.l , fct-m'fl: , L""I c11 : - 3IU1 Ic"i ~[.-11 aI,
{-fl.l 11, 3i1 <i, ,l.l , 3l JJ.l<i,l (3lT~ui-), q Ii,.i ~),~ '11, 3!Ui lc"iil I$l ~.-/lcil,
cfi1 '1f1 tl (31 Ic'I f'-1), J:11,lc;, ~- ~r ~r ~r
"11 c11 "11 c11. 'i g 1 "11 a1. IR'il~-
~["11 t1 I, xi felt t1 ~"11 t1 I. 31~{1".fi!,-<~a-
<"i ~ i:11, 31 ,4 !.I "1 "11 a:m fcra'i"q I
~["11 t1 I, 31 ,l.l'f1 ~["11 t1 I, 311 ci,rn
Twenty secondary afflictions-
Anger, resentment, conceal- ~["'1t11, 311'1iti1'~"'1t11, • -
~["'1t11, ~ - ~aJUT-
ment, spite, jealousy, deceit,
miserliness, dissimulation,
~l'-11 t1 I, 31j4 c'l 1'1-1~"11t1 I, 3Rcflifcl-
~ . 'l-Jlq~["11t11, 3J'l'llc[-
haughtiness, harmfulness,
~),~'11, ~ - 'WITil-
shamelessness, non-embarrass-
~"11 t1 I irfcr I
ment, lethargy, excitement,
~ ~i:..-.ia1ll·- 31U11c"i~[.-<1a1,
faithlessness, laziness, non- q 11,.1,i_~c11, 3!Ui Ic"i il 1$1 ~[.-/lci I,
conscientiousness, forgetful-
~["11t1 I~"11 t1 I, 'ii! 1~"11t1 I, IR'il~-
ness, non-introspection and ~["11 t1 I, '<i. fcltt1 ~["11 t1 I, 31=f1r.c·fi!,=<""ci
distraction. ~"11t11, 3!,l.l'f1~["11t11, 3!1q{l~-
~"11t11, 3!1qifi1'~["11t11, · -
~"11t11, ~ - ~aJUT-
{ c::r.i·~'\·~· { i::·r.i·~ '\ I ~"11 t1 I, 31 j4 c'l 1'1-1 ~"11 t1 I, 3Rcflifcl-
;;;°i''\i!.l·r.i·(i:: ~'\I ~ . ''ilq~["11t11, 3J'l'llcl-
~J,~'11, ~ c[i!1)
~I
~'\I i!.l~r.,,·o.il!;·r.,,'\l!;'r.i· (i::·r.i·~'\1 <f<!]·oi· Twenty types of emptiness-
Emptiness of the internal,
'\<:'~'i!.!'al '\'r.i,',.-( ,;·~'\1 ;;;,;·ci·al'\'C!i.l.' ( ,;· emptiness of the external,
r.i·~'\ I ,;i::·ci~~-{ i::·r.i·~ '\ 1 ~l!,-~i!,JI!,' ii'\' external, emptiness of empti-
{ i::·r.i·~'\ I ,;i:: ~·oi<'5"°i ~'\'~·(i::·r.i·~'\1
emptiness of the ultimate,
544
emptiness of compounded ci'\ 9'"lAa.i·~ ~. tiJ '\. £J,;· 'l/:;;-

phenomena, emptiness of the
uncompounded phenomena, Cli50l'.Sll
emptiness of extremes, ftfTIFcf: al I <"I cpcll':- '{iiq1-J 1;:-i1 fa
emptiness of what is beginning ~:, '{iiqc111 311;:-ilfa ~:, ~
and endless, emptiness of that
311 ;:-i1 fa ~ . 311 c'1 f.'1 '" q err£= .
which is not to be abandoned,
~ 311;:-ilfa ~:, ~-
emptiness of nature, emptiness
q I'11;:-il fa ~ , c1 c; '111.1 l'j 311 ;:-ilfa
of all phenomena, emptiness of
self-characteristics, emptiness ~:, 3llcl-lf.'1 c1c;'111r£:, ~
of non-visualization, emptiness 311;:-ilfa ~ , fi:,11c11'11;:-ilfa ~ ,
of the lack of tn1ly existent fi $111.11 'j 311 ;:-i1 fa ~:, 311 c'1 f.'1
identity, the emptiness of thing, ,i:,11 1r£. fif<b1~ 311;:-ilfa ~ .
the emptiness of non-thing, the {1f<bl{illi 311;:-ilfa ~ : . fif<bl~
emptiness of self-nature and the 311 ;:-i1 fa ~ : , 311 c'1 f.'1 fi fJ' ~ 1f£~-t1fa I
~ ai 1<"I 'i.~ 11 1- ""' <ITT 3ITfl-lT
Cl'\9'9"\~''J'"-''l/'Cl\ Cl'\9'"l'9~9"l'<<i\ cl, {-cl '{ii q "If ~ ,!!J '11, 3ITfl-lT <ITT
'" q cl <'\ c/, "'{ii'1 "If ~ ,!!J '11, "'{ii'1 "If
'J"-''l/'Q\ '"'Cl'<l'\9'J''l/'Cl\ Cl'\9''"-'Cl'
3ITfl-lT <ITT fcl €1 1-J I'1 TI"\ cl, ~ "If
~
1c::· 'l/"\' £J"-' 'l/' ci I ~"·ci· o>J 'ci19· 9"\~· 'J"-·'l/' ~ ,!!J '11, 3ITfl-lT "If "'{ii'1 <ITT fcl €1 1-J I'1
Cl\ Cl'\9'"l'£:<_'Cl'ili\£J'"-''l/'Cl\ "')'~~· ITT ci, ""' ,'t ~ ,!!J '11. ~ <ITT
<
3ITfl-lT cl, ~ "If ,!!J '11, 3ITfl-lT <ITT
ci19·J ·'l/'ci I ci19·0.)·~~·1c;· 'l/"\''J"'''ll'cil '
<
cl c; '11 cl <'1 c/, "'{ii'1 "If ,!!J '11, ~
,'t 3ITfl-lT <ITT Rl ;a 1-1 H ITT ci, ~
"')·~ Ol'"l·ci19·9.3\"l''J"'' 'l/'ci I ci19·"l· <
"If ,!!J '11, 3ITfl-lT "If ~ <ITT
"')·~ Ol' •1i\ 'J'"-' 'l/' ci I "').s'i·ci '\9 ·;i' 'l/' ci l Rl ;a 1-1 1'1 ITT ci, ""' ,'t <
,!!J '11.
~ <ITT 3ITfl-lT c/, ~ "If ~ «F1 I,
ci19·0.)·s 'i''ic:: 'l/"'i''J"'' 'l/·ci1 "')·s'\'"l' 3ITfl-lT <ITT f1 $11 cl c1 c/, "'{ii'1 "If
'
ci'i9'9"\~·£J'"-' 'l/'Cl\ ci19·o>J·o.)·s'i·ar\ <,!!J '11, ~ "If 3ITfl-lT <ITT fcl €1 1-J I'1
<
ITT ci, ""' ,'t ,!!J '11, 3ITfl-lT ,'t
'J>;''l/'Cl\ ~"l~~'C!'i9'J''l/'Cl\ Cl'\9'~"1' ~ <ITT Rl €1 1-J I'1 TI"\ c/, "'{ii'1 "If
~ ~·'\c;. 'l/"\' 'J,;. 'l/' ci I ~a.i·~ ~· "l 'ci '\ 9·9"\ Ol
<,!!l '11, fi f11'1 ITT m ~ it C:<.!1<11,
(9-"\)
3ffi1TI it fi fi 1<1 ITT
m ~ it i: i'sl '11, Rl $11 '1 <ITT 3ffi1'IT ,,,(;;;~! S,.,,_;r'\1 S,'ll.Q'\'al<Ji'<IJ ~QI
m wr it i: "-5l -1 1, 3ITT1'IT <ITT
Rl$11'1tjci '$ W1" 1l C:i'sl'il, Rl$11'1 "-1:J'T.$''1:JJ "l<Ji"-'~'\1 ,.it::·,:;~; (f-
'
it 3ffi1TI <ITT Rl t1 >i 1<1 ITT ~ m
i\ i: i'sl '11 Tim 3ffi1'IT it Rl $11 '1 <ITT
Rl e.1 >i 1'1 ITT m ~ i! i: i'sl '11 1
Twenty views (wrong views)
about self- The view of form as
self, the view of self as
possessing form, the view of
self as abiding in form, the view 'l!<li 1 ,,_~<>1· '\ ' Jll.1 "1 "1.Ji"ll.~<>1· '\ qc::~'i I
of form as abiding in self, the ( 9f ) ul'1"1~''\C: ( "jO ) ~\ll.i ~·
view of feeling as self, the view
of self as possessing feeling, the
view of self as abiding in
feeling, the view of feeling as fcr~1Rl~l'1lf.l if>l'1tlla'l J1cl
abiding in self, the view of <.Jiu:{ rf'<c/JI.' (1-8)- ~ : ,
perception as self, the view of <'l>IC'l'f'Ol:, 'iiEllci:, -mcr:,
>igii!~,ci:,
self as possessing perception, "(N'1:, ~cil4'1:, 3lc/1Rl~i-1R'I I
the view of self as abiding in r{rcff'(: iftrrr. (9-12)- ~
perception, the view of L[4fcl~g, ~ ~ ' q~,i4
perception as abiding in self, the 31q,,11c:411.1:,
. .., I
'3<.'f1~ '3ct'Hil>{i~i1
view of compositional factors as rrcr 01J./<Jc11· (13-18)- =-q=11...4g=1-
self, the view of self as posses- i!101<'l>1fzi<'l>1:, =-:i11.1fn~11:, <!T'fl:.
sing compositional factors, the ~ : , f.ii,10\,<11.1:, q,f.1~,1'1~1-
view of self as abiding in tj R! '1 ~'i1 I
compositional factors, the view
of compositional factors as
iI ~----{_19) JTrfT.· (20) fr! i/:yi! I
if> I '1El I (j, "if> 3Ffl' fTI <iRf ~ -
abiding in self, the view of
consciousness as self, the view 3TTo ,FUT "Re/', (1-8)- "ffiiflq,
of self as possessing conscious- <'l>IC'l'f'Ol, {iEllci, 'jgl<~<ci, -mcr,
ness, the view of self as abiding "if4'"'l, ~<114'1 cTm ~ I
in consciousness and the view rfR iflrr (9-12)- ~ i\ L[4fcl~s,
of consciousness as abiding in ~ ,'j ~ ' q~'tj', ~
self.
546
31q,,flc;..\1<1 Tim '3ct1, 1'f Cl. "'·qr ~"i'CJ"-·s1·CJ1 ~-~._-~~·qr

'3ct1,ctt{> I
'll<>i,i"l·s"i' Cl\ Cl.§i;·r::ia.·~1· ~1 ,i·a.i~"'·
w 01'!c/c1 (13-1s)- 'i:11\j,4s1-
""Ffil~c/>, ~11.1fn·~1, <1ll'f, Wffi, CJ\ ,i·a.i~<>i·a.i·&J<>i·qa.·s1·~1A31~·.:i'n
f.1J.J10\,d~I <1~ q,f.1fi'\ac1~1c1fc1 I
"c;'t 5,>\Fc11.1i- (19) !Trr fmT (20) ~Tfc!: c/,'{Ul~d<1:- c/,,/Olg\j,-
~ : , 1dc/,,/Ul§\j,:, 'I-Jlfq,/c/,,/01-
Frid<!! I
°ITTj:, Rlc/>l>i c/,,/01§\j,:, Rllll'lc/,>/01-
The twenty states of Desire
"ITTj:, qRc1ct'1<!,>/0l§ij,, ~-ll~-
Realm: Eight hot hells-
c/,, 01g<j,:, ~<'ll ~ a ellc/>, 01 §\j,:,
Samjiva (Reviving), Kalasiitra
~ IfQ-i c/>, 01 §<j,:, ell cl !5 liic/>, 01 §<j,:,
(black line), Samghata (mass
~:, e]40lc!,'.:Ol§\j,:,
destruction), Raurava (crying),
3lfi'lR1R, c/,,/01§\j,:, 4Ril gc!,,/Ol§j:,
Maharaurava (great crying),
~:, ~fc1f.1llcic/>ii 01
Tapana (hot), Pratapana (very
°ITTj:, f16u-jc/,,/Ul§ij,, "fdc/,>/Olg\j,:,
hot) and Avici (non-respite).
31 '1 j%C'1 c/>ii oI§<_1 (~ fc1 c/,~C'1 g\j,:),
The four continents- Piirva-
3ljc/>~C'1c/>, 01§\j,~'i:1 I
videha in the East, Jambiidvipa
in the South, Aparagodaniya in <f>'{Oi~i! * ~ *:-- c/,,/Olg\j,
~ ft~, 1dcji,!Olg\!, '1-Jlfq,/-
the West and Uttarakuru in the
North. c/,,/Olg\j,, fc1c/>l>/c/,,/Olg\j,, fc1.!1]ll-
The six classes of gods within c/,,/Olg\j,, qRc1ct'1c/>,01g1, ~-1.1~-
the Desire Rrealm- The four c/>,01g<j,, ~-ll~ciellc/>,01g1,
~ IR, oI§\j,, ell cl g l>/c/>, 01g1,
great kings, the gods of the
fflcic/>,ulg\j,, e1qo1c/>,01g1,
Thirty-Three, the gods of Non-
3lfi'lR1R,c/>,u1g\l., q Rll sc/>,01g\l.,
combat, the gods of Tu~ita, the
~ . ~Fc1f.11.1ac/>,01g1,
gods enjoying emanations and
f1iju-jc/,,/Olg\j,, ''j_dc/,,/Olg\!, 3f,fj-
the gods controlling others'
c/,~(,jc/,,(Olg\j,\'lm 3ljc/>~C'1c/,i!Olg\j, I
e1nanation,
Twenty active causes- Active
The two unfortunate realms-
Hungry ghosts and animals cause of endurance, active cause
of stabilization, active cause of
S"i'i·~·~r "l<>i~'C/l r::i~"'·qr "l~"l·r::11 clarity, active cause of
changing, active cause of
'l,~•:;r::11 'l.!:j"l'r::ll r::l~"-'r::I\ &i1·i~'C/l separation, active cause of
&i\i~·q._·s\C/l 'l.ifr::i·qr ~·i11 f~· transformation, active cause of
conviction, active cause of
CJ\ 'l.ol<>i'C/l a.i(<>i'CJ"-''l.~r::l'C/l ~<;~''1;!' bringing conviction, active
547
cause of achievement, active ' '

cause of contvention, active
cause of reliance, active cause
of projection, active cause of
establishment, active cause of
thoroughly grasping, active
cause of understanding, active
cause of specific understanding,
active cause of co-operatio)l,
active cause of elements, active
discordant cause and active
cause of harmony.
f,;·q·~·~1 q~"i· ~"i. "J ·a)·9"i Ol''J1:l: f". er l
q~ "i'. ~"i ·cr19· <J1\. i"'Cl\ !!Cl''Ja. i". lq
~ Z::.''\"9"'\"1~i:\·f,;·q l a,''\'31 '\'c.1\·

g,;·cr1 ~<!]«l'i"i''!:!."i'~Z::.·{9«l·<Ji:\'f"-'C1f
';!z::.·q ',j"i ·"Ifq·'J&.f ","er l !"-.a)· ~9· c.&.
'
~'<l'I, q,C'1'/MC:1'1~lll•I,' ~-
{"-'Cl\ ~Ol''J",'~Z::.'Cli:\"{"-'Clf Cl",',!;'\' c;1"l, "'1 fcl '!),f% ~ lll • I TI'm ~ -
31 '\''J1\"{",'Clf ' I
sz::.·~q'CIJ'lcr&·f"-'Clf ~41'1
Twenty types of training-
~"-"~·'1.a;z::. ·~·er&·f "-·er l 9"1"i·~ ·?{"i·i Training that does not focus on
grasping at true existence,
i"-'Clf '1.'4"J'3J'\"iCl'3J'\'ii"-'Clf t«l·
training free from grasping at
'\"'"t «l'El"i·~9 «l' El·ai.fz::.·cr&·f"-'Cl l true existence, profound
training, training that is hard to
Cl«l'l'a)·~q·c.1\·f",'Cl f ~Ol''J",'a)•{9·c.1\· fathom, limitless trammg,
i ",'Cl\ '1.9«l'~'~"i':i"i'i"i''J1\'{"-'Clf training that leads to enlighten-
ment painfully after a long
9"i «l'Z::."i"i.il "i.~·.sf·'\9. 'J"s.S'\. c.&·f",' er l period, training bestowed with
prediction, irreversible training,
Ol'aia,'ai Ol '~·f"'·q· ~ ·~ ·-z1<i."11 training of definite actualize-
14:tiRI: -i;i,n•1i:- tkll1uic1x-11ll1-
tion, training free of obstacles,
tra1mng that is close to
~ : . '1,lllUlclx-illlPl<11cT-
enlightenment, training leading
~<11' 1 1:. 1Tl'+f'icl«),$11'1~ll1
~ ' 1 1:, ~ -
548
to quick enlightenment, training even, uneven, cloud, smoke,

for the welfare of others, dust, mist, shadow, sunshine,
training without progression or light and darkness.
regression, training in not
seeing either dharrna or non-
dharma, inconceivable training, <l'\9.'.r"-~-i·r.i, ~51 o,i·~-~-"-~-i·r.i1 ~'!r
training free from conceptual
elaboration, training bestowing 1'"-~-i";'~-i"<iJ ~"'"-~-i"<lJ !1C:'<J>;'
prescribed limits.
"-~Ar.ii f"oJo,i·,1:r"-~-i·r.i1 !·oJi'\·~-,,,~~-
iq~iq~·i·!·51i'\·~51·,:rllj11 {-i"<I! ~,;·
'-IJ f"51 o,i·iq~51·2i'·a.i·9-io,i·5,;·~-i''-IJ ~-
<I\ '\ 51 ""<1! '\"l""<I! ~c:·2i'1 'ic:·1::,·1
'\111·~,;·s"·"-~-i·r.i1 ~51 o,i·1~·1 ·~51·r.i1
~oJ·'-1 1 ijoJ·2i't oJt-i·,:i 1 '\"l"-"<l! s·oi·
o,ic;o,i· $o,i·~·51(-i"<l>;"~-i"<IJ i'<,J"'1i"oJ(~·
<Jt s·oi·,:i·51·cll-i·'-i1 ~~! ~-,:ii SQJJ
~iq·~, ~<J"oJ! ~·511 tC:"<JJ ~~-'-I'
<J,!;<,J"~·~:{11
-g '\' <1 J '-:I c; ·r.i· '\c; "'J-i...,,..
~ q· 9") o,i·"-"l QJ.Q>;.
c..
'{ijq ifll 14·:tl RJ: '(<1"'11 q I:- '1~ "1 '1,
'
ifu;,:,, <01'1 [%a '1, al i1 c; Id '1, c;~ Ql-1,
' ' ' '
"-~-i'<i" ~ ·~:e:{11
=$fc1~11., C act-11-1. qR110-s<0111. ;;in1a11.
.' '
;-,i=c1~-1=a~'\. flld'\. Rlflld"!, 3f'iUl!,
'
lffff·Zff(JI ~c::·r.i·~'\·~~·r.i1 51~·.,·
I{',:, '<'Jl:, 1-1 fg c/J I, UT<n, 3lT(11l:, a:i '\' r.i·~ o,i· r.i I i-i·'-1. a:i '\. r.i·~ o,i· '-I 1 "-F"·
311<51~c/J:, ~ I
~ cfi .fhr t<f'll <I- ~ - ~ - 9'1ioJAoJ. r.i,;· '\"l.r.i{"l o,i ·r.i 1 ~ c:: i: i-i·2i'J
'"""· ~- tlu, ~ 'Ff, ! .,.'-I"a)'\" <lj i'o,i· ~oJ<,J. ,!;'\'oJ ")oJ" <I'~ '\' ~-
qR110-s<01, ;;in1a. aic1-1a. x=mr.
fclflld, 4tl"11, I{',. '<'Jl, 11f%c/JI, ~9<,J"<J 1 51 ~"''illj "~ iq ·r.i·9~"l·;i'~ o,i· <i 1
UT<n, 3lT(11l, 311 "1'Ic/J (1~
J\"~·'\"'.<J"'.i·!·,:i·~o,i·r.i1 :;i,:i·arQJ·.i·;iiq·
~I
Twenty characteristics of form- r.ii.l.' <J~\r.i·~ o,i· <1 J i'o,i· ~oJ o,i· ,!;'\·,:i~-i. al'\'
Blue, yellow, red, white, long,
short, square, round, high, low, ~- ~-i" ;i J1) ~ 2! ,;
..... _.. · .. 1;, ~ ~ ~ il 2l ~ 11 j) -t
11,~ f l ~ ..J1 lJ ,l Ji lJ 2l _,,
"!-'
µ .E Ji ...!i
_J)t 11
.J\i;! - ~ 21 - Ji
j)
- ~;, ;, ~
~ Ji 2
~·~~~
2!? - ,. ....!l
i_...-"I
,; 2l -"!
_. Ii ir,~,,
~ " " ...9< 2! ...9< - 2! ,,
.. " .,,,,, ...!i, ~ ,; 2 2 (in) ~
-~ _.. - - -"!.ii~~~'" .ii~-"! d
j ;
.._,, ~ I 4 1
1 jj' ...!i 2l 1'
2 "" ,; ~ ....!l ...Ji
~ J~ __.J,,_,
.0i n 11 -~ ;, ....!l -'I?{ ,. w I'!
' _, . I I_. I ~· Jl{ " ....!l " 2 2! lJ ....!l ;,
== n _Ji) n n .2 .2 n ft1.
. " ,Ml! -"! Ji ..J1) 2!I ,; .!riJ ~· ....!l
. I
111,J I
' I -
- ~ ,_ I ~ . I ... I ... I .. I 11-"! ..J1 ~-'!' .,,;i
~ 1 I 1. . I ~ ~
"~~~~~~~~~~t
11i::1~Ji!
~ ~ - ~
1;1~1:
~If~ _j
iJJj
Sl,121,~
,~iilfl
!1~ I k Sj,Sl,_
I J>I '£1 !cl "1 . .QI ~ 'l _. c"i ;;j,,
..'-'I n ~
~I -,.,1 mi, ~ ::a • 1 ..1J. i ..
~jJ= §l ~ ~~- "'~j~~~.<!l. ~ ~
~~~'1Ii;~?i·i1~ :~I ;;~ji:1-!l. •., . ! f
<Ii~ Ic'1 i:11 ~"ll i:11 clft ~ x'f lessness, knowledge of the
"'
furo "'
<ITT c;lf'f, ~ tT'IT cf; purity of the three factors, great
~ "If 31 ~ fa t1 ~ . fcl,ffl '1ft compassion, lack of pride,
wt <ITT ~ ct m~
Wi x>r knowledge of the sameness of
it-at <ITT 31ThlR '151 it-at <ITT all phenomena, knowledge of
31<'Pl"l'1, NiUI x'f ~-ar:. "If one final vehicle, knowledge of
ultimate non-production, know-
311'11'1"1'1 (\\!IT 3l'R ~ ~
ledge of patience in the fearless-
3TIUcliR m1<l it-at et 6[lc; ~
ness of emptiness, teaching that
i';iUljfil, (lfic!il ~c;~l-11
all phenomena lack a truly
Twenty types of thorough existent nature, subduing all
training on the seventh path: conceptions of true existence,
I. Twenty types of misappre- abandoning all discriminations
hensions to be abandoned- of signs, wrong views etc.,
Grasping at self, grasping at
training in mental abiding,
sentient beings, grasping at the meditation on omniscient mind,
life-force, grasping at persons,
possessing penetrative insight to
grasping at · the extreme of
be skillful in both method and
nihilism, grasping at the wisdmn, subduing the mind
extreme of eternilism, grasping through having meditated upon
at signs, grasping at the causes, the reality, having unobstructed
grasping at aggregates, grasping wisdom of knowing all
at elements, grasping at sources,
phenomena, knowledge of all
grasping at the three realms as a phenomena's being without a
basis, grasping at the three basis for true existence, freedom
realms to be abandoned,
of movement to and from
mentally discouraged state, Buddha-fields as one wishes
attachment towards Buddha, and exhibiting any form of body
attachment towards dharma, having gained control over it.
attachment towards sangha,
attachment towards moral disci- sc::~r:rili!Gl'')l'.l"''!a·~i:.·~·3,il·!!li:.G1·~·~1
pline, contention about empti-
ness and seeing the conven- sc: ~crola.iGl'')<ll:I. \ ol a.iG1·~r.i1:1.· i°l·i:f1
tional and emptiness as
contradictory. i''l:°11 "]"l"J'il'"1 *QJ'C](>,'~GII *QJ'
2. Twenty antidotes to be
"8.·oi~t ~i!.l·r.i,;·*"J'S~I *QJ'C18.·~·i1
cultivated- Knowledge of
emptiness, knowleqge of sign- iQJ· 'l:°11 "'oioi «i·"' t "1 ~~-~er°! I !!l"1 "l'
lessness, knowledge of wish-
551
i-il c:::til-il z::i~'\'-i"1''ri1 1i::ic::·~"1

i'~''\'\''.e;"i'"I ~orz::iq·!!"1~·~·'l:!~I i'~· l 311 tc::·<11 ~°'·"·<1°~·~·{\i{II
"l~·§c::·i::i1 ~~·""·~<>1·z::i1 "j"l'°'~·a~· ~q ifll f.l'~I RI: f.l "111 t<l"l Iill:-
"1l <'1 'I, -cfl-a,,, c,1'1 fga 'I, 31 c1 c; 1a 'I,
"i{ll ' ' ' '
t-;Ra'I. c.11:\JJ, ~fcl'I, 4R'l"-s<il'I,
' ' ' '
ifl~fl'f<ll'1f f.l·~1RI: fll'll"'l- '3'"'1ci'I, 31cl'1ci'I, fllci'I, Rlfllci'I,
' ' ' '
q,if<u:- ~:. '1$1flttr.
~ . !.);!:. ~. 1-1fgcf>1. mm.
~. '3ct1'1qRl:. lui.:ig;?l, 3l"@'"q:, 311<'11cf>:, ~ I
~:. Fcl"1a1. lui.-iicg,.
'l'iIJ ~ rfifl f.l "1 ll t<l "l 1: • lui"1~<fl: • ~ f.'1,fa: • c!Ttl. ~ q R'I u;,; '" · 13"'"'1"a,
=f.1=f0!'--a:. ~ '51 1a ~'<1 Rl 1 31iF1ci, mci", Rlfllci, ~tl<ill, TI,
~ ~ fl I 'l l"'l rfifl ~. 'I fg cf> I, UTIIT, 3l"@'"q, 311 <'fl 
'11'l4lllll- ~ . '1151fh·i'l. ~~I
~. '3ct1'lqRl. lui.-ig,1. Twenty characteristics of form-

~. Fcl"1a1. lui.-iicg,. Blue, yellow, red, white, green,
Fclw1"1. 4,'114. "IDQ. 'lt,111~11. long, short, round, high, low,
<Jt41cj. 'lt,lg,011. ~ . c11fi'ht>. even, uneven, cloud, smoke,
lui "11 , fl . we\ <l f.'1, fa . f.'1 f0l a dust, mist, shadow, sun shine,
~ ~ -<'! '3 c<F'1 "$R cfTc't I
light and darkness.
The twenty general synonyms of f <ll'"'~ "'"1i"1 ~". ~ c::. 'i""-'i::ia..{ °'·a.ii
Bodhisattva- Bodhisattva,
Mahasattva, Dhiman, Uttam- 'i"l"' ai· "1'jC:: ~· '.e;-i'i "I' "11 "1 ol "-'31\llj'"'I'
dyuti, Jinaputra, Jinadhara,
Vijeta, Jinailkura, Vikranta,
{<>1·31 1 "1f"1·if,;·~<>1·i::ia·f<>1·a.i1 t~·
Paramarya, Sarthavaha, Maha- {"1'<1q'i"1'"11 "'~"1'~-i'"1~"1'"l•I' ~a.i·
yasa, Krpalu, Mahapuilya,
Isvara, Dharmika, Jinorasa, ""' ~"l'Qq'i"1'"11 4l"l'Q o.(31"''qq'i"l'
Dharmato-Nirgata, Nirjita and "11 <I~'\.o.(311!,i'~C::.'\z::ic::' 31 i'"1' ~ --·z::ia.·
Mukhatojata.
~"'"1~"1~·~·,;c::·1:1~°'·~·{\1 i-i·<f1 ol,;·2J1 f "1'"11 olc::·~c::'-i"1~·~·f"l'"11 ~~~·
ol "I'z::iq·i "I'"11 "'':_\"1 ~·~ c::. ?Sc::"'' <I' ol"l'
'i31"·2f1 'i"l"·<f1 ~c::·l;ll ~c::·2f1 !!c::·~·1
ij31·2J1 31tz::i1 '\"10.·i::i1 ;fol·i::i1 ~·51·,r i::ia· f "1'31 1 i::i•i:r~"'· tc::·z::ia·f°'·a.ii
552
UJ i::_l!l·~· '\"'-1'-·s 1·'-1,.,_.~ "J"i!Jl f-1 ·9~ ,_.
9a:f·CJ3:j<>1·311 ~-CJ·i<1·w.l.·j"l'i!Jl
Twenty-one Taras- Turevira-
I
a.91!l· '-I·'-'.(i!Jl!l' '-id,· "J"i!J 1 CJ~ ·CJ·~CJ"'-ld,· Tiira, Aryasuklakanta-Tara,
j "J'i!J) ~i!J''-1'-' $"J'CJd,'j"J'i!J) t9" Aryakanakavan:ia-Tara, Arya-
tathagato~nI~I-Tara, Aryahum-
CJ ~"I·~ 9·51·j"J"i!J) 1c.'l!l"~CJ-~c:· kiiranadinI-Tiirii, Aryatraiyalo-
9'\lll·j<>1·311 a:rc:l!l·~f911l'S1·j"J"ilJ;{ll kyavijaya-Tiirii, Aryapramar-
dinI-Tarii, Arya-maramardanes-
1!<1>Fcl">11RI: am:- 1~q"J,m,1,
varI-Tara, Aryasokavinoda-
3114~crc,iq,1'i'11 m.3114cfi.-Ji:f>-
Tara, AryajagadavasI-Tara,
qaj m. 3ll1TI!:!1P1a1wf1~a1-:1.
Aryamailgaliiloka-Tiirii, Arya-
3114itcn1-:.-i1Rl'1l m. 3114-5li.'!lcfll-
Fc1 "1 ll a Ix 1, ;,i 14 w-t Pc: '1"1 cITTT, paricayaka-Tara, Aryabhruku\I-
3114'-!1-:'-14-i~q~ m, 3114;:,if<l,- Tiirii, AryamahasantI-Tara,
qufi m, 3114~ni:f>Fc10flc;a 1-:1, Aryaragani~ildana-Tara, Arya-
3114"·1'1Ei~~ m, 3114>i•li.'!I- sukhasadhana-Tara, Aryavijaya-
C'1'r q,,;11, r, 31144 Rtj Ill i:f>dl-:1, Tiirii, Aryadukhadahana-Tara,
~ cITTT, 3114'-1!!1~11f.'aa1-:1. Aryasiddhisambhava-Tiira and
3114-:i' I f.'!<tc; .-Ja 1-: I, 3114<j"1- Aryaparini~panna-Tiira.
~ . 3114fc1"1llc11-:I, -3!Tll-
~:;:,i c; i!.-J dl-:1, 3114R-tf.& f1"'-l cJ\11-: I,
ll-llJ'il1·~·~-~~·iq~iq sc:·s91!l·ai-CJ~<11
3114qRf.'!'4.-.-ia1x1 ~ I $"1'il1'CJ~J ~i!J'~'-'CJ$ll i3Jl!l'~9'
llcf<6)f1 <11~11( (ctl'!l~«fl)-
1qcfl,ctl-:I, 3114~cfc,lcfil'i'11 m. 1':,ll ~1·<1·CJs1 'il<>1·9\<1·CJ$1l f'I·
31 I 4cfi.-J cfi q 01\a 1-: I, 3114<1:!l I' Ict) ~c:l!l·il 1·'-13-·~ c:'c:"-~'I1 i'l'9'\'ll'3J~'I.
wV)~a1-:1, 3114itcn1-:.-i1Rl..\1 m.
3114-51 i.'11 cfll fc1 "1 ll d 1-: I, 3TI®- '-1) i1Jc.''\'~l!l·~9 ~-~'',UJC:"19·~9·'-1'
'-l fc: '11 d 1,1. 3114'-l i-:'-l 4'i~c1~ m. ~ ~ ~
CJ"jJ ~i!J·19·<:1.,1 1CJC:'CJs1 '!jCJl!l·CJsJ

a114;:,if<l,quV) . \'ITTT, 3114~ni:f>
Fc1.-i1c;a1-:1. 3114"1•11,~Vl m. il·r.,_~ 911l"'-l'CJ~ 1 CJ~C:'CJ"il 1''-I"~i!J"'-1'
31 I 4>i• I i.'! Ii.'11 ij,d "I, 31144 R-
9~ill1 S'\''-l'~~·9"j9·9~0JJ <:1 ~ aJ'<:i'il·
~ 1q q,,;11, 1, ~ m.
3114'-l 151~11 f.'a d 1-: I, 3114'1 I' I f.'! 'tG .-J- i!Jc:'-'.·CJ3-· ~l!l·~11 CJ9· a;91!l·UJc:·19·<:1r31·
m. 3114~f11\cl.-Jdl-:I, -3!Tll-
fc1"1lld 1-:1. ~:;:,ic;g.-ia 1-:1. '-1) ~91!l't_'i'\'CJJ l!lC:l!l"$1!l"~'~l!l·i!J'
553
"'~~·q·Jf•11ifqjft~: cflli:- ten forces, four fearlessnesses,
fl'<1 r.li~1c;: ~~. i1cc11R
three unguarded aspects, three
re
31 \l 'i Ia11 f.'I. fcr:ilen:, ;,er close contemplations, non-
negligence of the purpose of
fl"114rnl1:, ~ cl)_ct-1111a.-i1f.'I.
sentient beings, complete elimi-
re~. 31fcl-c.10c-
nation of latencies, great
,~'11~:. ~ . ~ : . compassion, eighteen unshared
~ : 11RH-ifc1c;:, ~ : flcil<1>1,- qualities of Buddha and three
fc1'!}t;l1:, ~ c1~1a1:, ~ o1c11f.'1, wisdoms.
i1cc11R ~~1"t11f.'1, ~
3Rl:1 a11 f.'I. ~ f1i ,gq 'Rl 1'11 f.'I.
~. <llx-1'11'<1'j'i_'ll,1', 111 ilr,r~ '\' <IJ ~'.'.)'i'<i'~\<11 ll.i'<J'il1·q1
•H, 1c/>'(i "I I, 31 '<'.I c; ~I Itj fill c/>~cl'IT:,
~ $11 '1 If.'I il'R'f I :ai111·q·~1·<i1 9"i~I §ii::·1 j<J·~1
31 '1 I ;ii q Ef'f et l; <t<f>"i fl <flf-
f1<1"ifl ~ wl, 'i'!R
31\l'll"I. 3llo ~. r/)- ~~~·~1·<11 u:fi::~··1r9'.'.)i::·<1·~1·q1 <J\
fl 'l Iq fi'a ll i, "<';"'{, cl)_ ct'-11 ll a '1, 3llo
~. 31fcl-c.10c fll-11~.
<l\ ~'<JJ <l~'<ll\·9~1 <l~'<l'-'~"'ql
~. U: 3TI1i$1T, 'i'!R "i'i'~'i'<i\ £l·9ci:r<ij ~'C:"i'"l~'l:\'i'-'q'
\I R1 '{:j fq c;:' 'i'!R fl qIc/, I' fq '{!f.& ' "<';"'{,
q ~Id ii\, "<';"'{, "ifc1', 'i'!R
~~II ,£1, <l~~·af11
cft., 3R!ffUT, cft., ~ . 'l Ri~: 11urr:- 31 {-i x<!ia .
~. cllfl'11fl~c;_Ellci, ~:~:. 3ffl"c1':, f.'I tl~:. 31lN:,
'1!,l(j)'(>UII, 31d"i5 311clfu1<1> 31'11;iic1:, , ~ . i:flq:, ~:.
~ TI1!TT cft., "$1T'1 I '111!l:, ?[JU[:, 31'"'1\':-~:.
Twenty-one categories of ~a,:, 31flcilq, -ljG'j, wf.'n:,
uncontaminated wisdom- '(j.~Cj~: ~:), ~.
Thirty seven limbs of enlighten- ~ : , 31 A:i '1:, f.'I cl Iai ';');fc'r I
ment, four immeasurables, eight
emancipations, nine meditative
i, <t<f>') fl 11ur- 31 fl -N;l a, m; "PT,
3ffl"c1', f.'l ,J ~. -'.3l""R, 31-ITT!11,
absorptions, ten exhaustions,
eight outshining factors, ~ . i:flq, '111!l, ~.
,a,</,,
concentration free of delusions, 31'"'1\'-~. ~a,, 3ffia'N,

knowledge of one's object of "W'f, ~11Pa, -w,r-~ ~).
554
~, ~. 3Fli"-l'1 Tim CN[~:, Fc1~E1'1"[i$'ifi'[:,

f.lc1\01 I ~:, '{0 l&iv11cl(il~:,
Twenty-one characteristics- 1c1 ilt11 'i!$ l'.l,i'.!l'iri , 3ljrn, rn i,l 01-
Uncompounded, difficult to see, ~:. ~:,
undisturbed, knotless, immortal, ~I
uncontaminated, place, island, l; <t<f>l 'tt"'fPl
ll 1- ~ 'j fc; d I, fc1 '1 <'11,
protector, saviour, defender
~. 31 R1a:1c11, '3,5,"141,
(friend), free from death and
transmigration, free from ~ . cti'l'il, m . ~ .
epidemic, lacking extreme c14~E11, ~ . CNI~,
torment, happiness, peace, 31~,CNI~,
pleasant basis, being happy, Fc1:iJi,E1'1"[5'ifq, ~.
healthy, immoveable and the 'i"lc.1101-1<1\il~, 1c1ila 1'1!$1-
state of peace. ~. 3ljrn,1~i,101;,111·ifq,
~-~-~-:'lff~lff "'CJ''j ''\111"-' CJ I ~.o-1·.il '\' C.J I ~\;c/~-
~'\-s'\·'.J, ~'\·"'~·CJ, ~c:.·'\"1''(CJJ o-1(a;· 'ifi'r I
The twenty-one grounds- Very
~-"'~"'l:J! ~c:.-~·~c:.·<J, ~'l!j"l'CJ! Joyous ground, Stainless
ground, Luminous ground,
ol11]1!-1''.Jd.'l9l'l!-I! .(l!-l·~·ia;1 ;l°i'l~'\' Radiant ground, Ground
difficult to overcome, Approa-
~-1!-1, '(l'"-~°'i·'.Ja.·1!-11 t!l·9·~,_-ar- ching ground, Ground gone
af1111!-i·ia;·!·l!-l1 °(l°'\~C:.1!-1'~'"11 ~3-l''\l!j' afar, Immovable ground,
Ground of Dharma intelligence,
Ground of Dharma cloud,
Ground of Samantabhadra,
CJ"]'\''.Jd.' "lj o-1<6'a;f9o.i·~t·q_a;c:.·~ ·o.i1
Ground of Vajradhara, Ground
l o.i· '\~C:.1!-1'<J\ CJ' i °'i·<ia.'1!-11 ,ic:. "I' iil ·
3-1 • of Ak~aracakrasambhara,
Ground of Vajradhatu, Ground
~ 1!-1'.§l'o-ld.'"lj '\21·.i) '\''.J';j°i''j -~'\'i"1 J of Visuddhaghana, Ground of
Asailgaghana, Ground of Purr:ia-
~a;· ~CJ·iil '~l!-l·~·o.i~11
vyaiijanavajradhara, Ground of
1!<lif<Y1?1fa: "'l.'lll:- ~'.l,fi';t11, Dharmatamahasukha, Ground
fc1'1c'II, ~. 3JR1G-1c11, of Anuttarapriihii:iajiiana,
,(j5,,,l;,~"1, ~ . cti•1'11, m , Ground of Nirupamasamanta-
~. c1il~c11, ~:, prabha and Ground of sponta-
CNl~,31~:,
neously arising wisdom.
555
~- "i'Q,'.'.\'S'i'~"'·"l-,~r C\'.'.)~lll-.:i\<lC\' of names, group of words,

group of letters, state of being
f 31t11·~9 11,qf9·,i/:l:f3Jlll'C\~9 C\'.'.)' an individual person, engage-
~lll'&l'\'<lf ~9-~·'\c:ic:·cf1 ~lll'3J!S"i'<lf ment, individual existence,
yoga, rapidity, order, time, area,
~-c:i, <f\'"1\ 9"illl'<ll ai'!j9'<ll air:::~- number and collection.
af9lllj l9·~·af9l111 ul·~/:l.·af9t11J ,i'· 'iq ll:{"illi"iil 3Jl\1'"1!'\'i''\S'"1'~ '<-'II];lllj
w.i,·~·?f·~'\1 ~9'<lj ,i'·,i',;~lll'<ll ( 5<tf1·.r1f1$Jl(qf-51-f·f1~1t;/'
"-S"-'C\S"l'QI 3J~9lll'<lj qf·~311 '.'.)llll 'fl$J'f°l$J·J~"'"' 5·cl)1·~I f-.f;r,; d'if~·
- -
'!:!,"lj 'lJC:lllj <i(9lll'<lQ,fl 1/) C\'.'.)"',''l''\C:''1/"i''l'~'lll''\C:'Q,~'li~·
ti Ifci:tl fa: fmr~ <fcFti%1 xEISJf:- 'i"1"-'cf·~3Jlll' ii'\'~-9~ a·1?:'lll'cf·s1·qi{I
3l'1i~c/>f1'114f<'a:, ~ : .
Ic:i t11 31 ·,i·'\ c:. '1/"i.,i-~.9..i "'·1c:·11,~.~ .Sc:.
3l '1i ~ cl> :, "11 c1 f.'s: ll 'j, f.'1 cl> Ill-
f1 '1 II Ici:, is!lfc'r:, \iRT, ~ : . ~c:i·3J.-,c:i·~·c:i"'·1·ai·"'~ ,,.-c:ii{r I'll "l qa·
31f.'1,llcil, '11'1c/>lll:, 4G.cl>lll:,
&1.5\"1.-Jc/>lll:, 'I~'l"1'1'., ~ : .
Qlll3J'<l'"f ''1/"i'<l'~' ,1'"1''\C:'C\~' ~ ''\~ ·c:ir.t
llfc1f.'1l111:. <TI"'T:, :t'ilua1. 31jwl-1:, .rlll'3J~"-.19·~3J',i,;."''il"l·c:i,;-"'~ ,;·c:ii{I I
~ : . ~:. '1iL"11, ,ill!$:t-i\fc1 I
,m'. "11<1f.'s:ll.
f.'1 cl> Ill f1 l-11 11ci, is!lfc'r. \iRT, ~ - S'i'"i{I 1!a;,·q/:l_ <4,;·;a;, '\C:''1/"i q~-"l~~-
31 f.'1 <'ll ci I, '11'1c/>lll, 4G.c/>lll,
'\C:' "'~. ~ .ii) 3Jlll' ;sa;, -~" lll',,1-<E°3J'CJ"'·s1-
~"1"1'1>1'4, ~ 1 ["1'1<11, ~ -
ll fc1 f.'1 ll l-1, <TI"'T, :t'fl \.l ci I, 31 jcl> l-1, qi{' li"l'~3Jlll ~·<4,;·;a:,·1C:''l/"i'CJ'~'
~ - ~- '14&.11 c'!m "f1'% I
~a;,·er- i a·"'§c:·9a;,lll '1c:·11,~·~ ·ar"i-,"i-~"i·
Twenty-two non-associated
compositional factors- Medita- 2r- ia·~ "i·~·1r:-lll·cr·s1·CJi{1 1c:i~\CJa·
tive absorption without discri-
mination, meditative absorption <4,;·sa;,. 'ic:. 'll"i' 'J'~. ~- 31af·1c:·"'~. ~ ·£i -~~1·
of cessation, one having no
CJ' ~3Jlll'il'\'!l9· J·QQlll' CJ lll'ai'~9· qi{'
discrimination, life faculty,
similarity of types, birth, aging, 1c:ifa;, C\ ~lll-~ '4"'- sa:,·'\c:·'lla:,· q-~ \'l1c:
existence, impermanence, group
556
jl ..,a ---'3 30> ,, .2! ,, --" - - - jl t.n ,, .2!, .a3l! ,,,, ,, 30> .2!, "{ - """
Ji
---'3 ::'DJ ii 3 A, 61!12 f! ~ _!j .!iJ '-" Ji ~> .A ll 3! >'-' 2!l! Ji _,; ~ .:.'!
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f! ..9i> ~) ~ 2l -31, ,j ,,;j ~ 9'{ -~ ~ ll1 ii, 2l 3 ~ ~ iil
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n{ .,.;i
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Ji• --9! ,. .Ii
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f! ,j ~-\ .Ii >'-' j.)J _,; 2l ~ ~ _,; 5l ,,;j ~ _,; <!.!j> ~ ·~ _,; ~ 2l 3l
n --" ,,; ~ .2! f1 ---'3 B 2l cu, . 3l l'!l!-\ f! ~ . f! . " "
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~ .Ji -J! ~Li~ - ~ .Ji~ B6~ i; .Ji ~.---9! n ~
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~~·i~~;i9t II fiif1~~~1 il~IIiti;i
f 1:• ~i1!~,1~,~ ~~ .• ·t!l~i ~:1~t!·~.
~~~;i1itii!!.1i1J 11 liittil111!11 !1
w
·Nineteen to Fifty-One
R1 rn'1 ct11 c; '1tT cfi fl J.11-1 t if!1'i RB is accompanied by the perfec-

cf5 ~ ~ cl 611 c/J it cfTfl ~ tion of patience, it is like a great
~ cfj ofRt\" i!z,4'i cfj fic;~l.-i ocean, not being disturbed by
l,RT !.I I fo 1£11. "i!,T c/, c'<-1 I DI "c/,""R it all the undesired things that sink
"fll1~ mffi t I to its bottom; when the
Twenty-two types of mind- formation of a mind-generation
generations on the basis of is accompanied by the
similes (they range from the perfection of effort, it is like a
aspiration for ultimate reality to diamond, too hard to be
the realization of the Truth destroyed; when the formation
Body)- When the formation of a of a mind-generation is accom-
mind-generation accompanied panied by the perfection of
by an aspiration, is like the concentration, it is like that king
earth, forming solid basis for of mountain, no~ shaken by the
positive qualities; in respect of assault of the sense objects;
general intention it is like gold, when the formation of a mind-
since it does not change until generation is accompanied by
the enlightenment is attained; in the perfection of wisdom, it is
respect of strong inclination it is like medicine, appeasing the
like the waxing moon, it diseases due to the veils of
increases all wholesome quail- conflicting emotions and of
ties; when the formation of a primitive beliefs <1bout
' reality·,
mind-generation is accompa- when the formation of a mind-
nied by an aspiration, it is like generation is · accompanied by
fire, consuming the veil as fuel the perfection of method, it is
which hide the three kinds of like a spiritual friend, never
omnisciences; when the forma- forsaking the welfare of sentient
tion of a mind-generation is beings; when the formation of a
accompanied by the perfection mind-generation is accompa-
of generosity, it is like a great nied by the perfection of prayer,
treasure, satisfying all sentient it is like the Wish-Fulfilling
beings; when the formation of a Jewel, which bears fruits
mind-generation is accompa- according to the prayer; when
nied by the perfection of the formation of a mind-
morality, it is like a jewel mine, generation is accompanied by
forming a solid basis for the perfection of power, it is
precious virtues; when the like the sun, ripening those who
formation of a mind-genera-lion are to be trained; when the
formation of a mind-generation
559
is accompanied by the perfec- those who are to be educated

tion of transcedental wisdom, it and who want liberation and
is like the resounding of the delight to listen; when by a path
dharma, showing those which may be followed in one
properties which 1nake trainees direction only, it is like the
desirous of being trained; when stream of a river, since it is
the formation of a mind- always helpful to sentient
generation is accompanied by beings; and when the
higher understanding, it is like a Dharmakaya (Truth Body of
great king, 1naking the welfare Buddha), is like a cloud on
of sentient beings a reality by which the good of sentient
his unrestricted power; when beings depend, it illustrates the
the formation of a mind- stages of the Buddha's life from
generation is accompanied by his stay at Tu~ita Heaven
merits, it is like a treasury, onwards.
being the storehouse of those
virtues in abundance; when the '\qi::·<f·~'"-111~~1 .:i'll·~·'i<l"<ll ~-cia·
formation of a mind-generation '\'1c;·Zi"1 •/i:'iqc;·Zi"1 ~a·'iqc:.·<i"1 ~01•
is accompanied by the qualities
conducive to enlightenment, it ~·'iqc;·Zi"1 &i'i·~·'i::ii::·Zi"1 ~-'ici,JS1
is like a highway, being
traversed by all saintly people,
3Ji.\·'i::ii:.·<i"1 ~Clr~·'i::ii:.·2J1 ::i~·ci1 i~·
one following the other; when <l~"ll &i'\·::i~1 &i'i·.:i·ci~1 Cl1jC:.'fai01
the formation of a mind-
generation is accompanied by ~-'iqc:.·<f·1 '\'i''-11 ::if"'i'"-gJ~I ~~·qr
calm abiding and special
insight, it is like a carriage,
~i:.·a.~"'il ~l!,l·,;i:r~·'i<1c:.·2J1 .i-~~·q·1~·
running smoothly without being ~~·'-1,;·s 'i''-IQ.''i<l'-·<i"1 1"'i'~l!,l·t,1a 'icic.·
deviated to either samsara or
nirva1Ja; when the formation of Zi"J 1"'i'~ OJ' '-I' 'i'-. 'l:"i.!,IQ,.'i::ic;·Zi"·~31"· ~II
a mind-generation is accompa-
nied by acceptance or rejection, wflfmTI: ~ ll Ifil I- 'c!ll!R f;i; ~ ~-
it is like a reservoir, not m.;i f.';;; ll 'i. '11 ffl c1, f.';;; ll '1, ~ -
becoming exhausted by holding f.';;; ll 'l , cl, I~ f.';;; 11 'l , '11 '1 fl f;i; q~
' ' '
or discharging what has and has ('1 '1 ~ f.';;; 11 'i), 3,{> ~ f.';;; 11 'i, f:11 Pi:
not been heard; when the forma- "Ill'!, "1'l 21 f.';;; ll 'i (G\l RI af;i; q'1),
tion of an enlightened attitude is xj,<ll f.';;; ll 'i, ~ <ll f.';;; ll 'i, fl~ lj~ fll-
accompanied by the 'Grove of f.';;; ll 'l, c;~ If '1 «I f.';;; 11 'l, i.,q&j f;i; q~.
' ' '
Dharma,' it is like an echo to -!-14 f.';;; ll 'i, .-nil f.';;; ll 'i, fll. <1~ f;i;q~.
560
~. ,, 31'11$11- ~''l'&I' 'i''l\ &r

asi $11 'fll 14' Pi: <1 'f, 3tl~f.'i:<1'j,
311 $11 aI<11 Pi: q 'clft'f- I
'l\ i°&J''l\ ¥''i'CJ\ ")&J't'-'CJ\ CJ!"''CJ\
~lf ii PG ll i '<11!!~ Pi: 11. "l"'"-'CJ\ CJgl~''l\ o!,'CJ\ ~'CJ\ ,,,&·1:11
~1~Pi:<1. 'ilffli$Pi:<1. R1ti$,~Pi:<1,
il>lilf.'i:11. '11'iflf.'i:q ('1'il!f.'i:<1). <;~'CJ\ ,;~·IIJi'fCJ\ !'-IN'i'CJ'~·,,:..·
'.!,'<> ~ Pi: <1, t-:1') Pi: <1, "11 ~ Pi: <1 ..,,IN.if]\
((Jf) Fclc1 Pi: <1 ). '(j~Pi: <1, ~:~Pi: <1,
41 'i '1 f'il Pi: <1, c;~ 4-1 f'il Pi: <1, ii I~ 'll RI '. -.ft RI if> ,f\l lic61U PI-
'31l~ Pi: <1, lj,j~ Pi: <1, q~ 4Pi: <1, %'!''., q,~~1:, 1J'<>':, Bij:.
~dlf.'i:<1. ~ . ~~Pi:<1. %'., ~:. ~:. l!rn:.
31 '1 I$11 d'i$1 I'fll 14' Pi: <1, 311 ~Pi: <1 Rltt1ct1I, (FIT. ~:. flilc;i:,
Til!:!T 311 $11 aIifl Pi: <1 I ~ : . ~ . ~ . filfmc;ia1.
Twenty-two fold sense faculties- rc;JR:, uRT, ~ . cfiitl-{9:,
Eye sense faculty, ear sense Fct~:. '161~l~l~'<-1R1 I
faculty, nose sense faculty, ~ l f 'Jl'l Rlii> ,f\l lic<4 %
tongue sense faculty, body q,~~I. '.).'<if<!, c;iy;f<!, % ~.
sense faculty, mental sense ~ . llrn. ~. (FIT, ~ .
faculty, male faculty, female ~ . ~ . ~ . ~ 9?,flc;i-1,
faculty, faculty of life, faculty rc;!R, uRT, ~ ih-11'fl. Fct~
of happiness, faculty of Til!:!T '161~1~1-I
suffering, faculty of mental Twenty-two tangible objects
happiness, faculty of mental arising from elements-
sorrow, faculty of equanimity, Smoothness, roughness, heavi-
sense power of faith, sense ness, lightness, pliancy, loose-
power of effort, sense power of ness, taunt, coldness, hunger,
mindfulness, sense power of thirst, contentment, strong,
concentration, sense power of weak, fainting, itching, slipperi-
wisdom, faculty of knowing all ness, illness, aging, death,
that is unknown, faculty of fatigue, rest and weighty.
knowing all and faculty of that
which has the quality of il&1'll'Qj~·tf1111N·,......,,..,! "-~o!,''l]
knowing all.
CJIN&l''l\ ~IIJ'CJIN&lj {"-'CJ] ii!,'<lj
Q,~,;·<1,1,:..·!·~IIJ'!:i', ......,'IN\ 1'.f,&I' 'l \
~~-~&/IN\ CJa\<ii CJf'i'"-~INI CJIN&I'
JCJ''l\ ~-CJ, UJC::'CJ\ &l'o!,''ll {~''ll lljlji!,\ ~IN'"-CJ\ aCJINf tii!,'~&I\ {CJINf
561
s1on, special insight (calm

abiding and special insight),
tr::lr retention-formula and confi-
t1"!·51l'r::·1 "l~r::lll·'\r::·,fi:tlll''II i'lll·~· dence, festival of Dharma
(Grove of Dharma), single
"i"l<l.'{~r i:i!i\1:1·"ll"l·1:1a·<>1511 i'lll·~· direction and Dharmakiiya.
,·q~·~""'"l~lll'~ll 51~11f"""il·~·.ia·Q,~~'\·~~·:-")1111
li:t·1:1r .,_~~l!l·i:l'\·qa:{5111l'~"l o.~11)·

-
U"G':, 311'11<1:. 3lcl1Ptl<I:. '
11<11'1:.
1:1a· f 511!l'~111 .,_~.~l!l·i:l'\·qr $11)'~
C:1'1"(, ~ . IHIPi-1:, c7J4't,
Ull"l"(. ~. '341<1cf>~'lli;i'll'"(. "ii:ir::·qr ~lll·51~~·1:11 !·i:ir "1'1:lf 11)~1,1·
~ . if<'!"'(. $11 '1 "(. 3ffel $11,
ftl'+!l~!l<I"(. ~ : . cf,\(\011, <lj il·~"l'<lf ilr::·~·.i'lljlllf ill)·~·
~ . ei'fl<'ft<'I:. ~ - <i'lljlllf ii)·~a.·.i'"llllf ~·~·!·il'1
<11'1"(. ei4<1>1<1'ltjfci I '
Ri ffi'I t~'lli;i'll, ~ . ~. .i'"llll'<l~ll
"ffl-'I. 3ffll $11. ft 1'+!1 ~!l <I, ~ -
~ . cf,\(\011, e11~ufl11fcl111-1.
~<i- i~'llffeff:.
-,,, RI il'ilro~
fi
11 ':!,iffi'fi't<l>l(I:
31 ~ ft 1-11 q fctl:. f.!ml-
ei ,n <'ft cl • (I <11-1 "(l'ci ei 4 f:. "11 ~ f.\: <I~.
Twenty-two companions of
mind-generation- Aspiration,
f.'! Illl:,
intention, resolute thought,
application, perfection of gene- q c; I<1:. cl.13\ul '1 I<I:, '!i!l •G1 ·1<<1~.
rosity, perfection of morality, '\l"cffeff:. II R, f.'! 41-J:. '<1111':. ~ .
perfection of patience, perfec- 3tjw"l:, "cf>'l'c1":, t'lr:. ffl,
tion of effort, perfection of ft'~ !';'ltjfci I
concentration, perfection of ~~ RI ro ~ II ';I. iffi ti 'f<t>I ~- l!ffel.
wisdom, perfection of method, 3tft'~ft"ll4Fctl, ~.
perfection of prayer, perfection 31ft'~<1>. "1~~~<1. f.'!<1>1<1+11-11•1a.
of power, perfection transcend- ~ . '1RT, ~ . 3tf.'tt<1a1,
dental wisdom, clairvoyance, '111-1<1>1<1. 4c;cr,1~. cl.1"1'1il>lll,
two merits, qualities conducive 1!i!l •ul '1 ttl. '\l"1ffeff. II fcl f.'! <1 ll, <i\ii,
to enlightenment, great compas-
562
:tfl tH1 I, 31 :!ft> 'i, <lilcil, fl &11

cl1!IT "tl"1:f5 I
Twenty-three non-associated
compositional factors- Attain- ll.~111' ~-, r._·111,&1·&i'11
ment, meditative absorption
without discrimination, medita- -:1<it~·>11RI: ~'1'1-ill=- t1t11\!-
tive absorption of cessation, one f.'tq\01,Q): ~ : , ti#l:ll-
A, )
l~vi~o discrimination, life ~:g<!l<ll: 'q g•l'l,1l:, 'til<l>I~-
facw similarity of types, . f.'t\!l<l>l\!4'1: 'q g•l'l,1l:, ~ -
birth, · 1 g, existence, imper- !lli5<1>41: ' 'q g•1-1,1l:, 31>lll:li:lc11j-
manen\;e, group of names, i0c;4'1: g•H,1l:, :lg'<lc11<1>'6Ulti'I: 'q
group of words, gro1,1p of letters, '
individual person, engagement,
individual existence, yoga,
rapidity, order, time, area,
number and collection.
1'-'~111·, "'·11111111 ~"-'ll.'\~·~ "-' &l '\·~·
~~:~"l 1"'i'"'i~'f"'i·&i'c.~·ti·'\c.·~&1·5c.·
~·~c.-~"l ~&J·i:i.;~·~&J'&l'\'~'~C.'~"l
't<tt<.l't<tt<.11: 'q g•l'l,il:, ~ -
"l ~l;,''l.~"'i·!·~c.·'I,~"l ry "l' di'\'!l~'i:i8:~c. · =,,,....,,,~. \ ~
"),'<141: 'q g•H,il:, <1>4<1>\!0141: 'q
g• 1'l,il:, '3ctl Rau,,if.'ttq"'isl>'ilfl: 'q
'l.~"l fc.·~'\·~i:.'i.,a·~c.·'1.~"l ~i:i~~~- ' 'q
g•l'1,il:, '{!<1,l'4il<fl: g•l'l,il:,
~c.·ll.~ "l ~111·i:i.;~·~111·il'\·~·~c.·'I.~"l <'>"l<'lt"fl: g•l'1,i;>ltlRI I
~'tl' II cfili! ~ ~'1-1,il- flfll\!
<:l'\llj'&l'\'"l~~-~·~c.·ll.~"l ,·~~·'\c.·i~\
~ f.'t cl\ oI '<l>T 3fflllG g• 1'1,il ,
111~~-~·~c.·~111 ~~-'l.~"'1·!·~111-~"l ti<'R-1>ll ~ ~ '<l>T g•l'1<&,
fllcf>I~ ~ f.'t~lcf>I~ '<l>T g•l '1,il,
i ~-"l~"l·~·~c.·'I.~"l (1~"'1'"1~ ~-~·~c.· mto ~ !l li5cf> 'cf>'T g•l '1,il,
ll.~llj &J'l)&J'(l"l"l'~·~c.·ll.~"l i ~ii:i·~· 31 " 11 >l cl c1 ~ 31 jiO G 'cf>'T ~' I '1 <Ii,
"),'<lc1 I ~ cfi'6011 'cf>'T g•1 '14,
~C.'1.~"l ~'\'"l~'\-~'~C.''l.~"l &J~&J'tir._ 'ClY I~ ~ i:l'mT 'il>T
~' I '1<1;,
fj~qli?!~)<t ~ ~ <ITT
ll.~'11' ~c.·~·~c.·'I.~"l !io\'tl'!i"'i'!l"'i·!·~c.·
g•1'1<1l. err 4~1~ '<l>T g•1'1,1l,
'l.~"l i:i~·fc.·~·~c.·'l.~"l s·s'\·~·~c.· 41.Qlcf>la ~ ~ <ITT g•l'1,1l,
fclo-s!lli5 <ITT g•l'l<!l, 31,Pll-t'l '<l>T
563
9,•l"l,i;, <ITT 9, 11"1,j;j, generation stage and completion

'tt'114ffu <ITT 9, 1 11,j;j, ~ ! stage, union of pure and impure
9,•l"l,j;j, f.firr ~ "1l'lqo1 <ITT states, and union of embodied
9,1 1"1,j;j, 'tt'114ffu ~ ~ ~ and unembodied entity.
'tt'114ffu ~ " ~ <ITT 9,•11,j;j,
~ ~ 31~ftt <ITT 9,•l"l,j;j, w:sr ~llrS"~""·..,. 1 :r,i::·<1~~1
111 i::·t"lf
~ ~ q;f 9,•l"l,j;j, cr;q ~ "l~"l'll !II sI (1 i;"l'SI il"l ~·Qr
q,qo1 'q,T 9.• t"1,j;j, '3c<lffui'l>'1 ~
Pt 11.j..-Ji'f> '1 q;f 9,• I"l,i;, ~ ~ 11 ii <l"J'l'<II FI lllllJ'<II "fql
~ <ITT 9,•l"l,i; ~ ~ ~ ~<If "'~111'll c!l'\1 11<1\ ~I .i1 ~~·1
3ffi1fl' <ITT 9,• I"l <Ii I
Twenty-three states of union- ~lll'IIIF~II
Union of the inseparability of
samsiira and nirvii~a, union of
ever-deluded and ever-purified
31t(q51q:, "Will, W<G:, ~:. "ffl:,
phenomena, union of that with 'Ml oe i:21 'j, 'q~:. ~ . '1 IR-i <Ii I.
and without aspects, union of lttq<il, 'qlf, '.j,(il'j, ~:. 4JG:,
object and object-perceiver, 1:fnJ:. ~:. i,.f:, i:fferclr, ~.
union of that free of extremes of 'flv!:, cll'9.:. 311<1il~l~tt I
etemalism and nihilism, union ~~ ~ - ~c1>R1. 31_.t(-q,-1q_ ~.
<
of emptiness and compassion,
union of means and wisdom,
W<G, 'Rl, ffi, '"'IOi:'.<4,<laJ
union of residual and non- ffl. '11ffl<lil, lttq<il, w\. ~.
residual nirviiQ.a, union of two ~. "QTG, ~ ~. lR,
selflessnesses, union of illusory 1ffercfi, ;:;rc;f, 'flv!, cl'Pj (121]
body and clear light, union of 311rt,l~I I
thorough dissolution, union of Twenty-three principles- The
gradual dissolution, union of primordial nature (the funda-
two truths, union of meditative mental principle), I-Pride (ego),
equipoise, union of post- form, sound, smell, taste,
meditative equipoise, union of tangible object, eye, ear, nose,
sleep and awakened state, union tongue, body, mouth, hands,
of engagement and arising from feet, anus, genitalia, mind,
meditative equipoise, union of earth, water, fire, wind and sky.
mindfulness and non-mindful-
ness, union of bliss and ~-f'i·~o:.·<1~f ~·<11 ~~·~~! "''Q'ql
emptiness, union of action and
action performed, union of
"'i'IIJ'<II !!!II]'~IIJ il;:r,· 1I iI l!J~'QI
564
!J;J~'"'I ~&1'"' "-'"' ·cir ·~ "i'"'I

~"l·~"i'<if ~J;J~'"'I ~"i'"'I &1''\"i'"'I tr::i·"'r "'~~~·~,·<1°:f&1~·~J;J «qfJ;J·
ai·arr CIJ;J'~"i·"'r r::ii ,·2.~·"'r ~~·r::i~a:,· <.10:{&1~'"';.J;J «~·~~·~'\'"'[ (J;J·~·
&l'u:i a:,· "'I ~&1· J;J "1 c;·r r.i.~\·"' r J;J ~ "i r ,r::ic;·Zfr ~~·&1~a:,·"'r !·cir "l·r::ir J;Ja:,~·<11
~J;J'"'I ra§,·"'·r::i.s~·ifrr Jl·;J;J·"'r Jlc;·~·i'J;J~r £-J;J·~·i'J;J~r
~,1Rlvq#lm:- wm:, "1·~8.·i'J;J~f if·iia·!·Q<~"il "';,J;J'"'I
i34'11ir. R&l:, \.li:;lf1: (\.li:;1~1:),
if·if'"-·?. ~·"'r "'5'"-''I.S"l'Clf &1!J;J~'"'I
~. '1 l<'fll1't ('1<'fl~ ), 111m,
~lldl.1'1, lf<;:, fclfgt11, 311ifl<l'l.1'1 qf'~&lr ~~r ~"If gJC:~1 i'J;J~'"'l
' ' '
31 '1 4 ?I I"1 '\. ffl.11 '1 'j, 3/'l <Et ~l.l 't, Jl·i'J;J~'"'j{ll
3IT~ <il, ll 't' 11'>~ fll i:l 'j, >ll'l"l""G:'
jffl <'1 ~ ~ :, 3H-i \.I GF''ll 'j, ~,
111,;''il
11'>~ cfi <'ll '1, f.r1:T, fcl <'1 <15: , fcl '11 I~ ~i) ~ I tr::i·"'r &1·tr::i·"'1 fil"l'&l1J&l'"' ~"i r r.i.~·
< '
i{t.flfl id4<tclTI- :wm, '34'111$,
~~·~"i'"'l «~·~~·~'\'"'°'' f &1~·r.i.~J;J
R&l (\.l~teli:;-i), \.li:;lf1 (\.li:;1~1),
~ . '11<'fl4 ('1<'fl~). 111m, ~llql.l, «qj'J;J·<.10:{&1~'"';.J;J !!J;J a·r::i1 lf1'Cl1
l'R, fclfgt11, 311;g)cfll, 31'14?11"1,
J;Ja:,~·"'r Jl·;J;J'"'l Jlc;·~·i'J;J~l £°J;J·~-
&<11'1, 31'l<Et <'<I, 3IT~ (31~).
11'>~ ffl i:l (311 c'1 f'll ). >ll'l"l""G, i'J;J~1 u)·~8.-lJ;J~1 iS-iia·l·Q<~'\1
jffl <'1 ~ ~, 31 fl \.I Gl''ll, ~. 'I.;.J;J'"' r if·if'"'·?. ~·"'1 «['"-·r.i.s"l·r::ir
q;) c/i <'ll, f.ri:T. fcl <'1 iii ~ fcl '11 I~ I
Twenty four secondary &1!J;J~'<if qf·~&ll ~~1 ~"ll !]<;~1
afflictions- Anger, resentment, i'J;J~·<.ri{1f
concealment, spite, jealousy,
miserliness, deceit, dissimula- ~TIRI: Rlct1~11~<tdfl·M>1~-
tion, haughtiness, harmfulness, Eflri:- \.ll&l: ' 31fl~f1'114 ffu: '
non-shame, non-embarrassment, ~ : . 311fl~cfi't ( ~ ) .
lethargy, excitement, non-faith,
laziness, non-conscientious-
r;;
\Jfl ~ ll 't ("11 Rl ll 't). ar;;
f.lcfilllf1'11'1<'1:, ~:. GRT,
ness, forgetfulness, non- ~ : . 31Pl<'ll<'11, '11'11:l>tll'., qc:--
introspection, distraction, regret,
"cfjfl:j:' '!2l '"1 '1 fcl '1,
cl.1.5\ "1 '1 cfi Il.l:'
sleep, gross investigation and
~ : . \.l~Pll.1'1:, '<IFT:, ~th1<'11,
subtle analysis.
565
. .
31:jt/>'1:, q;,c;J:, :, 'f1 iM I, "fl"l16:, manence, group of names,
31fiUs~ilRI I group of words, group of letters,
qf individual person, engagement,
.:.....,....,.,
1111'<1,, 31111 ~ :, ~. the state of individual existence;
3f{~c1>9 ~fi~l 31fi~'fl'1~ yoga, rapidity, order, time, area,
'Qfffi:, ~=. ;:;t1Fc1a'l. number, collection and non-
' collection.
vlTf-f:, vRT, ~ : . 31f.'l<'lli:11, OR
'11'1c/>l<l:, qc;i;/,l<l:, 6Q'1!'1c/>l<l:,
Attainment, . non-attainment,
'Fl'('11'1i:11, ~ : . 1,1[af.'lq'l:, equal state, one having no
'lWT:, ~~Ui:11, 31:jw'l:, cf>R'f:, ~:. discrimination, meditative
fi{,..ql, fius~ilRI 1 absorption without discri-
.rt "l"i ,ff ~ ctl ~ Y <J,<f'tt 'fl. t<li I~ EJlf- mination, meditative absorption
~. 3lfi~'f1'11qRi:1, f.'mtr- of cessation, life-faculty, birth,
'fl'ilqRi:1, 3llfi~q, (~). aging, existence, imperma-
\J[J~~<l. f.'lcl>l<l'f1'11'1t1, vlTf-f. nence, group of names, group of
vRT, ~ . 31f.'l<'lli:11, '11'1c/>l<l, words, group of letters,
qc;i;/,l<l, ~"1'1c/'>lll, 'Fl''11'1i<I, individual person, engagement,
~ . 11Rlf.'l<l'1, 'lWT, ~~Ui:11, the state of individual existence,
31 jt/>'1, q;,c;J, ~ - fl iM I, "f1"l16 yoga, rapidity, order, time, area,
~ 31flU6 I
number and collection.
m cq''ii'i'~:o:.·<1~f "1~"1"'1 ~I ~I i:1
~ - 31\11~. ~ - 311fi~q,
(31fi~"i). 31fi~'fl'1lqRi:1, f.'mtr- ~"1·s1 !!lt:"'f i!fc:·.l'\I .r·.r·'11 a.~·q1
fl '11 q Ra, (J\) fc1 t1, vlTf-f. vRT, "1"\'il "1"\'i·•rul'i'"I {~·1 ~~·qi
~- 31f.'l<'lli:11, '11'1c/>l<l,
qc;i;/,l<l, ~"1'1c/'>lll, 'J:s!l''11'1i:11, a.\'i'"I i"1·'l~"ll ~·'l(t:J '1"]'!~~1
~ - 1,1Rlf.'l<l'i, 'lWT, ~~1;1<'11,
"1'iIll!''i, q;,c;i_ ~ - fj{,..q I, ~
"f1"l16 I ~llftr: 1];Ufl:- ~- ~·-
Twenty-four non-associated TR:i:, "1,:, -Hl'<'.6Q'j, <ffi!IT,
compositional factors- Attain- q R,i Io1>i . 1.1t-il c1> 'l . x'flJl; . q, .
' '
ment, meditative absorption 3,CR:' q5\ tj '),1%:' ~{j~<slm'j. q;]ll:,
without discrimination, n1edita- ~:"flj, EM':. cllfl'il, ~ •. 1,ffi:
tive absorption of cessation, one <lrl~i-11?1 I
having no discrimination, life- ,it.ft fl 1];lff-- "1'l, W1,c;', Tf".f!. '11.
faculty, similarity of types, -H1'<6Q. ,1{.«11. qRsi1u1. ,!c1li!i,
birth, aging, existence, imper-
566
~."CR.~. .~. "1"18\'5'~Clj Ci"i"J'"-5" "i'"li!,1'"1"18\'5'~

~:<li, ~.
<l)Jll, cll'tF11, ~ .
&m i'f~ -ma, I
ci 1 Cl"i"J'~SJ'"li!,1'"1"18\.5·rci·ci~· if11
Twenty-four qualities- Form, q·t1nf"1RI: 311t41'ioell:- '(iiq"11c'i!R'I
sound, smell, taste, tangible ~:, *>4cll1 311;;.)R'I ~:, "(iiQ'
object, number, quantity, 311c'i!R'I ~:. 311c<1PI *'q'i~:.
individuality, gathering, else, ~if-11 311c'i!R'I ~:, ~C:·11-
non-else, five intellects,
cll'11c'i!R'I ~:, ~C:'11<11'1 3llc'i!R'I
happiness, desire, suffering,
~:. 311c<1PI ~c:11 1~:. "ffiTT
hatred, latency, endu-rance,
311c'i!R'I ~:, '<1$11cll'11c'i!R'I ~:,
destruction and effort.
'ti$11<i1'1 ai1c'i!R'I ~:, a11c<1PI
'<1$11 1~:. '<1't<lil~ a11c'i!R'I ~:.
f1't<lil~<ll1 311c'i!R'I ~:, fi't<lil~
ci"i"l'"1 ~"ll!,l""i":' ~·"".rcir "1 ~"111,l'"l'
a11c'i!R'I ~:. 311c<lPI fif<l>1~:
Cl'\"1'"18\11,1'""'r ci 1 Ci"i"J'"l' "l~"l11,1·cii'"i. ~ ~:, Fc1$11'1"llc'i!R'I ~:,
lll$11'1cll1 311c'i!R'I ~:, Fcl$11="
""·rcir i-"·ci·ci"i"l'J° rci 1 Ci"i"J·i'"·ci·
a11 c'il R'I ~:, 31 1c<l PI Ill $11 '1 Ill R'I
"ic:·~·""' rci 1 i-"·ci·"l·ci "i"l'"l8\11,1·""·1r ~ : , 3fTc<lT ~ ~ ~ : ,
3fTc<lT ~ ~ ~ : , 3fTc<lT
Cl\ Cl'\"]'"l"i°"-'Ci'UJ"i"""'~Cij a.5·~11,1· 'tf$1WFf ~ ~:, 3fTc<lT
Cl'\"J"J .'j/'Cl\ Cl'\"]'"-5·~ 11,1'"iC:" ~.""'~Cl1 ~ ~ ~:, 3fTc<lT
~ ~ 'i~"'EIR'I I
"'5~ 11,l'"l'Cl'\"1'"18\11,1·"'".r ci 1 Ci"i"J'"l' q ..,.ft 'fl 311 t41 'i~ ll i- "(ii'!' q;)
a.5·~ 11,1·UJ'\. "1"-. 'j/' Cl j "-5'S'\'Cl'\"J'J. 'j/'CI j 3fTc<lT cf; "(ii'!' ~ ~ i!!J '11, 311 c<l I q;)
*> q cl rt cf; "(ii'!' ~ ~ i!!J '11, "(ii'!' ~
Cl'\"]""-5·5"i'"iC:. ~-"'". 'i\1' Cl\ "-5'5"i'"l' 3fTc<lT q;) f<l El "11 '1 !M cf; "(ii'!' ~
~ i!!J '11, 3fTc<lT ~ "(ii'!' q;) f<l El "11 '1
s
Cl'\"1' "18\ 11,1'""' 'i\1' Cl 1 Cl'\"]'"l'"-5' "i'UJ"i' !M cf; "(ii'!' ~ ~ i!!J '11, ~ C: '11 q;)
"'"''i\1'Clj ~"l-~l!,l'Cl"i"J'J''i\1'CII Cl'\"]'~51' 3fTc<lT er; "(ii'!' ~ ~ i!!J '11, 3fTc<lT q;)
~ c; '11 iH"( cf; "(ii'!' ~ ~ i!!J '11, ~ c; '11
~ 11,1''\<;'~'<I"-' 'j/' Cl j ~"l'~l!,l'<>l"Cl'\"J'"]8\11,1' ~ 3fTc<lT q;) f<l El "11 '1 !M cf; "(ii'!'
<1"-' 'i\1' Cl j Cl'\"J""l" ~51·~11,1· UJ'\'<I"-" 'j/'CI j ~ ~ i!!J '11, 3fTc<lT ~ ~ c; '11 q;)
f<lEl"ll'1 !M cfi Wl ~ ~i!!.1'11,
Cl'\"]'"1 ~"111,l'"l l!,I' "1'¥1' 5· 'ij1'Cij Cl'\"]'i'"· "ffiTT q;) 3fTc<lT er; "(ii'!' ~ ~ i!!J '11,
3fTc<lT q;) fi $11 cl rt <(; "(ii'!' ~
~ i!!J '11, "ffiTT ~ 3fTc<lT q;t f<l El "11 '1
567
3fR',[
~@11,
~
Rl tl'i 1-1
'H'«l>I, <ITT
m * cfi
. '1W
3fR',f
~ it
~
factors as s~f, the view of self
as possessing compositional
factors, the view of self as
1l ~ l\l 11, 3fR',f <ITT 'fi '«Ii I, cl et cfi abidimg in compositional
~ 1l ~ l\l 11. 'fi '«Ii I, # 3fR',f <liT factors, the view of composi-
fcltJ'tl'1 m cfi ~ 1l ~@i'II, tional factors as abiding in self,
3fR',[ it ti '«Ii" <liT Rl (J 'I 1-1 m the view of consciousness as
self, the view of self as
cfi ~ 1l ~@ '11, fcl $11 '1 <liT 3fR',f
possessing consciousness, the
cfi ~ 1l ~@ '11, 3fR',f <liT view of self as abiding in
Rl$11'1i:k\ cfi ~ 1l ~@'11, Rl$11'1
consc10usness, the view of
it 3fR',[ <liT Rl (J '11 '1 m* ~ consciousness as abiding in self,
1l ~ @'11. 3fR',f 1l fcl $11 '1 <liT the view of self as other than
fcltJ'IH m cfi ~ # ~@'11,
3fR',[ <liT ~ ~ fi1'a'!
~ # ~@'11, 3fR',f <liT ~C:'11 ~
m * form, the view of self as other
than feeling, the view of self as
m*
other than discrimination, the
fi1'a'! ~ it ~@ -11. 3fR',[ view of self as other than
<liT x=i"$1T ~ fi1'a'! m* ~ it compositional factor and the
~ @'11, 3fR',[ <liT f1 '{-qj" -~ fit,., view of self as other than
m* ~ it ~ @-11 nm 3fR',[ consciousness.
<liT Rl $11 '1 ~ fi1'a'! m cl'; ~ it iq~111·filr;r111·~'"'·t1 q~·cir illJQ~~r
~@'111
Twenty-five views on self- The 9~ 111·,1r~~ 'Jf ~c:·,:;1 'lsc:·1 i~·~r
view of form as self, the view of 1~·cir il·1~ cir ~c:·t<J·ci~i\r i~Q1
self as possessing form, the
view of self as abiding in form, Cll!ll<l." r ci ~l<l· 'Jr ~"l-~i<Jl!l·~-Q~Q·Qr
the view of form as abiding in
~ c:·~ "'l~i\·~·ci~ci·'Jr ~ l!l"'-CJJQffiQQI
self, the view of feeling as self,
the view of self as possessing sr i\c:·r 9~c: cir '\~A"r ~,Qr
feeling, the view of self as
abiding in feeling, the view of "1~"\'J[ "'l(i\~"-r i"1~"-r ~1~1
feeling as abiding in self, the
view of perception as self. the '1!:Jl!l·<J.·~ ~" '1t'irr
view of self as possessing ti'<ml',,!1 fa, <1 fl!l I'11 f.'l- xf\"!.
perception, the view of self as ~~. 311,ll'j,
qf1CT1'j. JJ'Ull!,
abiding in perception, the view ~. (()~[<1'1 31i/J~lel~.
~ ~
of perception as abiding in self, ' ,• I
31cl.llcfi,Ol'j. ~ . Ri•fFF!, ~-
the view of cmnpositional
~D<:'i~lm. ~ m . sm.
568
i11til't, ~ ' lJTti):, \llt;cfi:, q·ij~·~1Rt: tfc-~6!llfill- qiffe!e/

~!'.'l"l't, im'ftla-T:, ~' rr'fl'[- «I u\'j, ,"1 c1 'j, ~ cl Ic1 'j
~ , §ijcfilC'l:, lj,C'lcfil"1~i1R'I I (~ ), "Tlffi, c1 IlFti ii I
qi;iflfl ~ - W,lf, ~:i']", l/5/iffe/e/ i;Q(RJJ./- ~,,-"<;~g~{<-j~:,
~
31'"i,ll, q,(lct1, l1Ull,, lJ"ITTT, cg~IC'l, ' '

cfiOc'.cfilR:, cgqRI:, ci~lctlil.-JI,
31ig~IC'1, 31&.llcfi,OI, ~ ' Ri'fl.-J,
r%1-1c1 ,n ii I
™· ~~"1~1a-rr, ~an,
~$11~1an, <mrr, ~ . lJTtil, '15(E/ ~ : - ~ '
W, ~i,1u1, im'rla-T, ~ , (cfi «iR
cfi I), "11 R'i q, "1 'j (;;mfr-
lffia-T, §ijcfil "1 ~ q,"1cfil"1 I q,c'i'j), cfim: (ffl:), il.--i';.-J
The twenty-five occasions of (ii ..,-; '1 cfi I to "\) ii I
mental impulses- Happiness, lf.5(i/fc/EF( ~N'f <1c1:, Tflt!;l:,
suffering, neither, little, moder- fi'R;r: ' lJll:1: ' au;,;~ c'i i)'frr I
ate, great, virtuous, non- n'qi/=18.'lter.- rfR_·- C'lil"l'i, <1"1,fl:,
'
virtuous, unspecified pheno- .,-~, ~~:, ~ i1'frr I
mena, hearing, contemplation, qi,-.flfl tfc-~al'- WET !,Jq,N qi
meditation, training in moral ?M- m, ~. ~c11"1, "Tlffi
discipline, training in concen- Tim cITT! I
tration, training in wisdom, the WET Uc/>N ctfr Jffe!E!- ~-
external occasion, the internal
~ . cfiOc'.cfilR, ~ ' ci~lc'lliFll
occasion, the object of percep-
~ r%'1il,n I
tion, the object of perceiver, the
abandonment, antidote, mani-
WET u01? qi r!'ffl- ~,
cfi ~'{J, "1111 q, "1, cfim Tim
fest, hidden, causal occasion
and resultant occasion. ii;.;-; .-J I
WET !,J c/>N qi WPI- iJi't, TJt
~51'1;'1'~'"-'?! 9~'"-1 "J'i,"i! ~·~1 ~- fi'R;r, ~ Tim ii Iil "1 I
~9 ,SC:,'!,!'~ -~·<fi~7 ")QC:.'"19 "l"i' WET !,Jq,N qi ?'l'R- WIUT, fcrc;r
"cfiT ~ , cft, ']'5 Tim ~ I
Y"l'~l ~ ..sl!,11 ~·9c:.·1 f)'"i9'"i"l'"-'lr~·
Twenty-five fold substances
1/1~! 9·:;1:0.1 ml1 ra;'~! ':_!'"'.':_!"! required to be arranged for a
vase: Five types ofjewel- Gold,
~'"i"i'~ 'S~l "ii!,!! ffi°J ~"I) ~"i'"l
silver, coral, pearl and copper.
Q.9_1!,1'~' ~~l "i"i'i§°l ~"i'3J>;J ~"i· Five types of medicine- A
medicinal root resembling the
""1 ::!'"311 gc:.·t~·~c:.·l:f·~:{11 human hand in shape, wild
569
Rubus (A thorny stick), a g ffa «-.1'1,, 3l ~ cl , M '1,' , M ,1 ~ 1-

creeping plant, bamboomanna iffer , '1 g If.'1t1 l'1 f1 c~i1 Ri I
and a medicinal drug. f11"'l"i.'1" '10-s'-'1 "* q.,,.ftifl 'I.W-
Five types of smell- Camphor, iHl<tfl:rlli- ~ m. q:4~~i5.
musk, nutmeg, saffron and ~~on
"1~!',lq,
\ o
31q,•1IC:<1l'-1, '3<f1,'tfi,
sandalwood. xfJ, iFi;; '11, ~. fclzy, 'clT'I",,
Five types of grain- Barley, 31q,'t!1>1,. mm. 0ct1,11~1.
0
wheat, white sesame, pea and

paddy. \:lrn''!!."'·<'b~,c1. ~.
11g.,;;1c10\~. 't!il>,M, '1fulxM,
Five types of essence- Salt,
xi,,\'J,M, qR011<1<'b,M, gffa,M,
sesame-oil, melted-butter,
molasses and honey. 3l~cl,M, ,M,l'ilqRi 1;c/ 1ID-
f.'rt1 I"I f1 c I
&t(' '("l' ~ :r.; ~'l&t'&t(' ·("21't&t''l~ '(&!'~ ~· ~1 The twenty-five offerings of
Long MaQdala- Mt. Meru, the
~il.·t"-1'<1'~'>;<11 -l'l"''?;!&t'C\Ol'l]&t'<I\ ~·
Eastern continent, the Southern
c,.i,;:&t·'::!·m •:-1 ~r:;i·r:;i·mc::· y'\1 sc::·~·.:i·i"i1 continent, the Western conti-
nent, the Northern continent,
~'&t\ ,ll'<ll '?;!&t\ '?;!&t'C\Ol'l]&t\ e.·9UJ<i\ Sun, Moon, South of eastern
continent, North of eastern
e,·9UJ<l'9'i"i1 'l]"l'~"\1 ~·aj·i"il ~·a)·
continent, West of southern
i"i·~·~, ~ll.·~91!,1·~1 '\'lC::'i"\'9"1,;·~· continent, East of southern
continent, North of western
1!,1'9~1 c,.p,;·af,~"i'<l'i\ ~"''i!'~"i?:ri1 continent, South of western
continent, East of northern
<i~"i·5J'·~"i·?:r i 1 i "i·<f·~"i·<f·i 1 mc::·?:r
continent, West of northern
~"i·?:ri I ij'&t~9·~"i·?:ri 1 '\&t9''\<i"i· continent, the outer mountain
wall [surrounding the four
~"i'<J'i 1 9i\ ,;·i"i·<ia.·'i!&t'<li{ll continents], golden ground,
precious wheel, precious jewel,
f11"'l <.>1 <t o ,s '-'1 t'll lJ' T.! 14· ~ IRf 'l"lT-
prec10us queen, prec10us
i;; cll I fll1- '§.~"q4a:. q:4~ ~g. minister, precious elephant,
~=Aon ' <,
0'1"M;1q:, 31q,•nc:·-n<1:, 0m,cg'6:,
prec10us horse, prec10us
=rt:
'\b'-1, ~ :, __,GC',
.__,,_: A-ho-:
1qGQ, ,;fJl'R: ,
general, and vase of great
treasury.
9~9&t'i''\S'<l"~>;·~1 {"i'<I\ o),;·li1
'\&t,;·2i1 '\"1"''<11 ~c::·<i1 ~c::·i::,·1 ~·r
570
Nineteen to Fi fly-One
"I ijol' I S"ll S"l'~'"ll "'111~'<11 "'lf!~'<r~>;''i!'l fi"' 'f'f lll~lll"'l' '!':!"-'
oi'lfa/.fi '\"l0.'"11 ~-i;) '"I ~-;;i '"1'oJ'c1l3i· 2f1 .i"'·"a·!':l,;·2J1 "'1·~..,·~·!':l,;·2J1 "'1·
"I fu"·oi1 ~-~'ii "al,;'"! ~°i'"I t°il ~'i'i!':l"-'?.i'I ~oi-~O!l ~-!':l,;·~11
1·" I I?;!Ill' "al I oi(3i.r.i,;· ~"..,.ili\"I ~ oi· ri<J<V'l:J"fr "'l C\ 'f'"l"'l ! <!'!"'·I"oi~ 1 "' o.·
" "' c,,. :-. "'
",;·~111·~ 'i I °ioi· oil""'.'i,;·I" ·i\'111 ·111 i111· r.ia. f'"l"'l! <li,;·~·f'oi!!l·~11
111~111~·~11 Jwifa"! £i111·~·a·oi~'il ~-"la·a·
113{'<.lfcf~ '(qqlfill- oi~'il ,a·aoi~'il ~i:\·a·oi~'il ':;l"'l'
~ '~ ~ "rl
41<1'(, i:11itt1'j, 3Jcl<:lt1'j, c;liFj.
~qt1""1rn~'l., =f=-n, q R'l u,g c1 'l,,
ia·oi~'il c1J'i'i!·oi~'i·i\'11
'-1~~VI'{
~:. 4~'ll"J. ~ . '3"i(1'j, r.sai?'f 111~111"'1 ;j ~I (1 ~111·s~11

3Jcl '1 <1 'j. f1 I(1 'j, f2I f1 I<1 'j, UTITI',
31Rf4':. 311 c1'Icf\ 3Pifcl?'R:. '1 tl c1 I, "' "1~5"''3'aiiJ<V'?'f 111~''.'.i"''~'al'OJ!;''I/'
'ij;f:, 'l f% et, I, 31"'11 tj et, I~ Iet, :, ~a·ill ·~"' I 111~·1..,-~·oi'loi·~'i· ~ ~i:\·ill ·
f21$1fi<-1:, 311ct,1~1"'4f1'l'<'l4 Im ~"I 111~·1"'·~·~,;·l\lll"''~·ill·~"'ll 111~·
q,.,~lifl Y<l>Tx et
'(qll- ;frc;n',
i:flcf. c'ilc'r. m.
c!N. q t1 rn. 1~·~·s·lci·~·ill ·~"' I Ill~ ·1..,·i l ..,.
~ . 4RI-JO,i;c,t, ~. 4'<'11':I,,
'iS,;..,.ill·~ O!,l' "1il0l '~11
~ . 13 "i\'1, 31 <'l '1 <1, 'f11(1', f21ti I<1,
TITITI'. 31Rf4'. 111 c11' et,. ar~. 113{'<.lfcf~: ~: (~-
~tli:11, 'ij;f. 'lf§ct,1, 3fRjtjifjl~lct,, ll'Gr.!rl:) : [{5[fl ~ - "Wi'-
f21$1fi<-1 elm 311ct,l~I ~ ~ ~"t[:. cl .-; '11 «f> .£.f:. +i $11 «f> .£.f:.
+i «f> I~ «f> 'Q:. f2I $11 '1 «f> .£1 ~ ii fa I
c/Tc1l '"" I c{fCI/>(.' E!fffq:- ~:.
Twenty-five types of form- Blue,
yellow, red, white, long, short, ~ . ~ . cJ11tl l\j,~il R'l 1
1./,5/1./d'tlf.'t- "q~~lllt1'1'j, 'Xl'.011ll-
square, round, particles, subtle
cl"fl'.l, '11 Ri et, Ill <1 '1 l-J, ftl "~ Ill <1 '1 l-J •
particles, gross particles, height, ' ' '
lowness, evenness, unevenness,

et, Ill Illt1'1 'j. '1'1311 ll\'1 '1 m
'-.;,
I
[{5/"fJ
' fc/1.11.11:- "W1'l-J,, ~ : ' ',.£[: ,
shade, sun, brightness,
darkness, cloud, smoky, haze,
"'1:. ~teai m I
[{5{'fJ J!TElNc/51<1$1r/JIR- 3Titl'l'x-
manifest phenomena, relevatory '
ct,li:1*'11 311<';~\$11'11-J, 3frnl~ct,lc1{-ll
form and colour identical with '
f1'l(11$11'1'l, ~ ~,llcl-
sky. '
e-i=u1=$1=1'1~'j. 31ltl I~ et, Ic1 *'11 <'Ii fll I'j-
571
t\'3 I'i $11 'i '\, 3TI't1 Iii cfi Ic, f.Q Five basic wisdoms- Mirror-like
"$1T'i' ~ I basic wisdom, basic wisdom of
q'<itfl'ft ~ ( ~ ~ ) - rffer sameness, basic wisdom of
n'fl- '<ii qfcfi'lof, cl.-; 'i Ifcfi .-\of, discrimination, basic wisdom of
ft$11fcfi'lof, fti/-cfili/i/-cfi.-\o[ 1;cf accomplishment of action and
fcl $11 'i fcfi "'-f I basic wisdom of reality.
q"R mgr!-~~ ~ 111 ·s·~ . .-~, i"l'';!J ,;r:;·<1~~, .f1 ,·
~~c!TlJ<llgl
Eff: 3//4tl'-I- il1!).~~1~4=a~'i, iirnn- ~~1 7t:Jl;.'<l'Q:§'"7J"7'fi!."1 ~-Q, 11
"1:fcf'i, 'i IR-J cfi 14 t1 'i , fuJ ~isl 14 t1 'i , '
~I <ltfJ"l't1J Fl ~"1·t11 .,i,c::·r.i1 ~~I
cfil414t1'i 1;cf lf'i3114t1'i I
rffer fctrrzl- "'<il4", ~ . 1T'lof, ffi "-\~"IJ c!l~·~1 11·~~#I "1~~~1
"('fl!IT fQ 'c "1 I
~I ~ I (1 '°'"1'S1 'W,;_·t:3~#! ~1
3/7ETR-<ffTc'f et rffer -w,'f- 3TitlR
cpjc'[ cf)f 311 .-; ~I $1 l'i, 3TitlR cpjc'[ ~1 &!J ~r:::·1 ~~-~F~JJ
cf)f ft 'h1 I$11 'i, 3TitlR cpjc'[ cf)f
°
~ fl1 cll\1 I$11 'i, 3TitlR cpjc'[ cf)f
lP!i1Fa°~1RI:
'
~m:- m:
,b'" • '
ll<lifrt:
t '
cJt "11 jt\'3 I'i $11 'i "('fl!IT 3TitlR cpjc'[ ¥6:, 3H5cfi li/~ilffi I
cf)f~I l(c;;c:i/A:mA- il1!).:,
~.
The twenty-five gross objects: 'ilR-lcbl, ful~isll, ill'!, ~. "ffl:,
Five aggregates- Aggregate of 'Yl"G:, ~:, '3"CR~:. 'l'i ~ilRi I
form, aggregate of feeling, r/3ffl r1 ..J./7 ffl- ~. Wii;:,
' '
aggregate of discrimination, 1T'lof:, ffi:, fQ 'c cl.i 'il'ft'r I
aggregate of compositional 1l3fr/ mrtc{:- ~. ~.
factor and aggregate of 3lfi';,:, cfrJ:, 311 cfi I~ i 'il'fi'r I
consciousness. 4=!"itt ~~- ~ . ~4tR1, ~
Four elements- Element of arth,
1;cf 31 t, cfi Iii I
element of water, element of
fire and element of air. '41?& i;A/4- ii~.!, 'cfiT'l, "lT<li,
Six sources of perception- Eye fuJ ~<l I, ill'!, ~. ~- 11l"c[, l!11J
source of perception, ear source '3"CR~ 1;cf 1f'i I
of perception, nose source of rffer r/..J./1':lli/- "'<ii4", ~ . lf'II.
perception, tongue source of ffi 1;cf fQ ec ell I
perception, body source of
rffer f!Tg- ~ . \J1'1', <fiil, ~
perception and mind source of
~ 311cfil~I I
perception.
Five objects- colour, sound, Twenty-five principles- Person,
smell, taste and tangible object. the primordial nature (the
572
fundamental principle), intel-

lect, I-Pride (ego). ffll
Eleven sense faculties- Eye, Twenty-seven stars- AsvinI,
ears, nose, tongue, skin, mouth, Bharai:iI, K:rttikii, Rohil).I, Mrga-
hand, feet, anus, genitalia and sirii, Ardrii, Punarvasu, Pu~yii,
mind. Asle~ii, Maghii, Piirvii PhiilgunI,
Five mere phenomena- Form, Uttarii PhiilgunI, Hastii, Citrii,
sound, smell, taste and tangible Swiiti, Visiikha, Anuradha,
object Jye~\hii, Mula, Piirvii~<;lhara,
Five elements- Earth, water, Uttarasdara, Sravana, Abhijit,
fire, wind and space. Dhani~\hii, Satabhi~a, Piirva-
bhiidrapada, Uttarabhadrapadii
i·w:-·~·"!l·:-i::i~'\I ~-"l"-l !l'~ l ~"i-~111 and RevatL
i:l·~1 aJ'I]\ "llll i!i<ll!,'Ol! ~<ll\ "I'll !"-'<l"~""!l":'<l~"il ~<lJ'<ll aJ!('-l(<lj ~''\C:'
aJ~\ sir '\?5"1 il·i::i~r "i111·r.i1 !!,·~, ~"i·r.i1 7;\"l'<l'l<:'! i::i'lc:·?r1 ~"i';i";J<:·1
!!,'Ill ~'aJ.$°aJl!,j filil 1<:11!,j ~·('\!
<lJl!,'<l'lC:"! "'~"i"<il ~111·~·1 ;JC:"<lj
~-t!'\I gfi::i~"il &r"i·sJ1 &r"i·~1 ijaJI!," "-oi <ll. <l ! c_ l!,·r.i I ':)iii. o_(aJ I!, l '\ "l"-' <l !
{'\! ijaJl!,"t!'\I "iaJ''1'.j'<li51!,'0ll!
~tr '1'.J<l·r.i1 ~"i·l~c:·1 aJi"l'il"il
tt '<1 Ri ~I R, -1&1':il I fill 31 ~q 11,
ci:fc:I!, o,(aJl!,f ~·<11 !1"-"r.if <lij<l'SI
>RU\t, <I/_ R\-1 cli I, fl fg oft , 'i •I ~ b!I ,
3ITTCT, g..-i ci"<J, '.f"l:, 31 ~ i'1 QI, llm, '\~"<ll '\"l"-·?J1 .$°,::l!,·r.if '\<ic:·?J1 f"i"
~ q, I(,<J.f1, 13 ct'H I q, 1<"'J.f1,
~. fu:;rr, tqtfa:, Fcl~ll'!!ll,
~-"'~"i. r.i~n
~ - vil«ir, 'FI"(, ci;c1\Q1ca1, tt'<ll'll°m'a: ,i) •11:- Rlti!i"'1:,
13 ct'1,: IQIea I, J?,fclUTT, ~- ,00,, 311'J"ili, ~ - "ffll'r'i:,
El~'<\ I, ~. ~. 31faa1u;,;, ~ - ifa'r:, ~:,
'3rn,"11i:;q~1. f f l ~ I = : ~
.. ~,._,, : =:
1•<cc, -:3•, clllE!lci: ' ~ : ,
ttctll'tt" -lll'P-f- 3l~q<1'\ >RU\t, "if(,!:, ~=. cllfaq1a:, cifl'-111,
<I/_R\-Jcf5 I, ,'1fguft, 'i' I ~l'sl, 3ITTCT, ffi:, ftrcr:, ~:, xTIUf:, ~:.
~ . '.f"l, 31~"1QI, llm, ~ ~ . "ITTW, ~:. ~ I
4'1('-IJ'"1~, '3ct'1,I 4'1c,<J41, ~ . tt ctl 1, tt" "l!T'T- fcl tc/J "'1, ,00,,
fu:;rr, tqtfa, Fcl~tl'!!ll, ~ . 31 I9,til-l Ii, ~. "ffll'r'i,
"l1'<ll, ~. 'i,ci\Qt<l.1, '3ct'1,IQl<l.1, 31faa1u;,;, ~ - ifa'r, ~. ~:,
m ' ~,, u~«ir. ~ . ~- Wf, clllE!lci, ~. "if(,!,
573
"4fu:r, tl <rj fll. 'l I fi't i! I if> Ii! I:-
~~.I
~' cllfa41i.1, c1-l11114, q tsJ, :,11 '1 '(-<l
ftrcr, ~ '11UI, Wf, ~ ' "ITTm, 3Rl'j, 31 jl': cl :, Fc1 Fc1 cft1: , · 3f'fc!-
'-I c{ 4) 11 :. 31cfR'f:, 311 et> I~ I:. 3T'ffer-
Twenty-seven yogas- Vi~kam- <i1 IQI '-I,, 3FlT'lT' f-i ' f'-I :• 3fITT'UT:,
bha, Priti, Ayu~man, Sau-
3l~:, 31,,11Fa:, 3lc!i'ITT, ~ .
31fiitilf.'act>:, 31<';'-l'ict>,:, ~=.
bhagya, Sobhana, Atiganda,
~ = . ~ = . <1-l1R1:. 1Wll.
Sukarma, Dh[ti, Sula, Gai:i9a,
(3IBJ"-llc[:, 3ljc'll<';:, ~ : .
B,ddhi, Dhruva, Vyaghata,
311R~11'fl:, ~=).
Har~ai:ia, Vajra, Siddhi, Vyati-
31tif<hl'<'-=. 31a111c1c:1P1c!>:. P1fc:f'<1:.
pata, Var1yan, Parigha, Siva,
f'itJ,iqiJ:, m:, 31~11dl11c!>l,~il I
Sanku, Sadhya, Subha, Sukla, '
<1 tt1,,.. 1.-i c5 =t1=rn=1°"'lf'fl' 311 if> 1,-
Brahma, Aindra, Vitidhrti.
3Rl'c1. 3ljl': cl, Fc1 Fc1 cft1, 3f'fc!-
'1 c{ '1~ 11, 31cfffi, 311 c/> I~ I, 3T'ffer-
~ . 31'il'-1', P1' f'-1 '1, 3ITT"T,
.i·a·"il.A"''CJI "iila:,·CJil.A"''C,11 al·CJt 3l~. 31\JJlfa, 3lc!i'ITT, ~ .
Qi,,'~"''CJ\ ~a:,•,ril "i'CJil.·~"''CJ\ a:,"'·"'Fil.· 31 fi ifi If.'a et>, 31 c; '-1 'i et>,, ~.
~ , ~ . <1-i1R1, 1Wll.
~"'-C,11 <1(\~·il "i'CJil.A"''C,11 .i,:;il "i'CJil.· (3IBJ"-llc[, 31jc'll<';, 31f'1,'1E1.
~"''CJ! r.,.ft1'<1'il"i'CJil.' ~"''CJI .i·r.,.?{~·CJil.· 311R~11'f1, ~).
31fif<hl'<'-. 31a111c1c:1P1ct>, ~ .
~"'-C,11 .i·~"i·CJil: ~"''CJ I i'"'il"i'CJi,,' ~"'· P1 tJ,i tj ii. m om 31 ~ 11 q11 qj'j
f<:i "14 I
CJ\ ~ "i' CJ'?S· il "i. Qi,,.~"'' CJ I ~ ~· CJ' ?S·il "i.
Twenty-seven aspects of the
CJil.·~"''C,11 r.,.3r<1·<ril "i'CJil.·~"'-C,11 "'~<>J' Basic Knowledge- Aspect of
Lacking existence, non-birth,
Q'<ril"i'CJil.·~"'·C,11 i;·<>JaJ' ~- ~"'-CJ I ~,
isolation, non-stamped, lacking
"ta:,·~·~"'-C,11 .:i~·tlf"·~A"'.C,11 il~· dwelling, sky, inexpressible
aspect, unnamed, not going,
~il. A"'. CJ\ ~. "'il..~"'·CJ\ 7i°a:,. aj"~ ~·il "i'
non-deprivation, unexhaustion,
CJil. A"''CJ\ ~"''CJ'"-,~~. <J'il "i. CJil.. ~"''CJ I non-production, non-agent, not
being a knower, not being a
~~-CJ·il "i·CJil.A"'' CJ I tf~·CJ·il "i'CJil.·~"''CJ I transferer, not being a tamer,
J;'"f 'CJ'il "i. Qi,,.~ "I' CJ I dream, echo, hallucination,
mirage, illusion (lacking
Q;,;~·ij°11
identity, unborn, unceased,
574
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,.,'-~ I I __ I I I __ I I __ fa< I ~ T! ----9! 11 ~ ~ ~ .il .0
~1 f; ir lf1~tl'~ 11 f11 [ ~ "'
o~-~~-~"·•·9•9 '3-11-11 'ft ~if<11'1'1 Nineteen to Fifty-One
i311 U1 cJ c; I4 f.'1 cl ~I '1 '\, J;Jfcrqa,- ~ cfi ~ <'!'eTUT

!,l If(l 1<i'i c!lt
f.'1 i:.-:; 1,i "'ffi f.'1 cl ~ I'1 '\. 3lcl"'fffi- cfi ~ 'l f.'1 cl ~ I I
~ f.'lcl~l'1'\, f.'lc1\01 Twenty-seven activities of
f.'icl'!?l'1'1, x'<l"llcJ~t-lldl"11cJ'11<11 Buddha- That of Pacifying the
f.'lcl~l'11-J, ~ - suffering of sentient beings,
'
c'[!flOlli',<1'illf f.'lcl~l'11-J ~ I establishing in the Four Means
'
.r~ et; tlct11ift1 ~<'11"- !,llf(ll<i'i cfi of Conversion, establishing for
::!> - understanding the meaning of
~:'511 'if5T m'n ~ cfiT ci[c<!. the Four Noble Truths,
'<1R ~-~3lT 'l f.'lcl~I. '<IR establishing for realizing the
3114tic111· cfi 312n cfi ~ 'l meamng of immeasureable
f.'lcl~I. 31!.lA<i Rirn'li:Yli'; cfi m mind-generation etc., establish-
312n cfi ~ 'l f.'lcl~I. U: ing for the understanding the
41'1fi1dl3lT cfi 312n cfi ~ # meaning of the Six Perfections,
f.'lcl~I. ~-llf'f # f.'lcl~I. ~ establishing in the path to
WIT 'if5T ,4J>a lW5I cfi ~ >'i Buddha, establishing, for reali'·"
'
~ ~ # f.'lcl~I. 31j4<'ll'+f zing all Dharmas just as sigri,
cfi ~ 1f f.'lcl~I. J.l1f(l1111 q51 establishing for realizing non-
4R4c/'i f.'lcl~I. 3IB1£TRUT visualization, establishing for
~ cfi l1T'f 'l f.'lil~I. maturing the Sentient Beings
~ qlt f.'lqRa 'l f.'lcl~I. thoroughly, establishing in the
mfu-i:rrfi:'a- qlt fcrfu 'l f.'lcl~I. extra-ordinary path of Bodhi-
~ 'l f.'lcl cfi sattva, establishing for remov-
~ · ~ I . 1:/<l? ~ ing the grasping, establishing in
!.lfacii,i, f.'1111-1 'l f.'lcl~I. ~ the mode of achieving the
J.l1f(}1111· cfi 31~ c#r J.lfaqf;'a 'l enlightenment, establishing in
f.'lcl~I. ~ qlt ~ m ~ the pure land, establishing in the
TT cfi ~ 'l f.'lcl~I. certainty that is obstructed by
<l1UirT x't C/i"1"'1 ~ 'l f.'lcl~I. one birth, establishing for doing
31Fcl'11~1 ~ 'l f.'lcl~I. m'« cfi immeasurable welfare to
~-m"! 'l f.'lcl~I. !.liSIOI cfi sentient beings, establishing for
~ >'i f.'lcl~I. 31cJC/-\j;f.'lfi1rn cfi acquiring immeasurable autho-
~ - m " ! # f.'lcl~I. i3<1U1cJi-;1'1 rities, such as going in touch of
>'i f.'lcl~I. J;Jfcrq-lH cfi f.'1"31'1il'l'fR >'i Buddha etc., establishing in the
f.'lcl~I. 3lcl"'fffi ~ ~ cp"i[ 31'lfi'; completion of the limbs of
cfi ~ cfi ~ 'l f.'lcl~I. enlightenment, establishing in
f.'lc1\01 # f.'lcl~I. ~ x't ~ the nature of non-exhaustion,
~ qlt "1lcJ'1I 'l f.'lcl~I Tim ~ establishing in the wisdom of
realizing the truth, establishing
576
in the nature of abandonment, "ff .Y!ITT- 31~cl.fl, ~ .

establishing in the wisdom of illf<l-lc/11, ,'tfguft. 't'l~lxl, 31TI:i.
realizing the non-existence of 9,'14<j,. ~. 31~&1q1, J:JclT, 1fcl"T
the basis of sign, establishing in ~=~II-
q, I<"J, 11, '3 ct1 x I q, I<"J, -il, !,tffi,
~
the mode of thoroughly f.Brr. «llfi'I, Fc1~11<lll, ~ .

purifying the object to be "lll'dl, 'i<'!, q_q\q1<1,1, '3ct1s11q1<1,1,
abandoned, establishing in the
m , ~ . e1f.'il'd1, ~ .
completion of accumulation as
~. '3ct1'1'11~4i;I ~
antidote, establishing in the
ffll
realization of the inseparability
of clarity and emptiness, Estab- Twenty-eight stars- AsvinI,
lishing nirvii.Qa, establishing in Bharai:iI, ~tika, Rohil}I, Mrga-
the practice of emptiness by sira, Ardra, Punarvasu, Pu~ya,
nature and establishing in the Asle~a, Magha, Piirva PhalgunI,
non-dual characteristic Dharma Uttara PhalgunI, Hasta, Citra,
for realizing the dharamata Swati, Visakha, Anuradha,
pervading every where. Jye~\ha, Mula, Purva\ara,
~"-"''"·i:rt"i C~-'lil"·~-~-~<it"i· l I ~- Uttar~ac;lha, Srava1_1a, Abhijit,
Dhani~\ha, Satabhi~a, Piirva-
'Iii"! s·, I ~a:,·~i:ii ':l'-.'3J! .JJ.ilj" "I'll bhadrapada, Uttarabhadrapada
a:,i:r•.roi1 t"I! 'li\"l '3J~! ~, "i;s-1 3l· and RevatI.
<i~ I S:,'1]"<11 o.i·~1 o.i·i:ii ~·.JJa5a:.io.i1 5

'1]1:;'illl]';·~f'<I t"i1 "i<IC:.·?i· "I "?i°l "i<I c:.·?i·
J,"a:,·?i1 "-'\"i. a;lllo.i·,io.i·i ·,:i1 ~. ~c:.·,io.i· i.
f a:,1 l<l"'1\ ~·{"ii ~-fl"il ij·ci~a:,1
s·,:i~a:,1 ifs:,·~, ifs:,·~, ij&ll!.l·i"' Cl) i:ii~-~ll]·,io.i·i·,:i1 c:.·~,io.i·i·ci1
ij.JJo.i· fl"i 1 a:,a:.i· ~-ci,,o.i·.rn ~&I"</'-:{llj"<l",j"'1" i ·ci1 a;·;JJ~.JJ'"l"'-"~"'-'"11
310c!l~-~IRI .Yl:1?11~1- 31~cl··fl, 11a:,·iic:. "'1"</" ~c:.·,:i1l,·._r:;·,:i~a:,·"'\ 1 ~'lj"'1"<1!

~ . illf<l-lc/11, ,~fguft, 't'l~lxl:, "-so.i ·~-"l·ll]a:, o.i· <: I "i'\<: o.i·i o.i· ~!""-SC:.. ci I
31TI:1, 9,'14,;:r. ~:, 31~&1q1, J:JclT,
1fcl"T q, Ic1, '11, '3 ct1 x I q, I"'J.-fl , t o.i·~·i o.i·•tr"-sc:.·,:il "i"i"<:o.i·lfo.i·<: I
"ITT'ITT, ftnrr. «I Ifi'I:, fc1 ~ 11 <ll I, a:.itr::.·cio.i·t,:i·l;/1 ~o.i·~·a:.i(a:,·~·s "i.<I,
~ . v-ill'dl, ~ . q_q\q1<1,1,
\:l "1 <1 ~ 1ea 1, m, ~. ~"i ·<:·"IS:," ci ~a:,·<: I ~ Ill o.i·a:, o.i·~ Ill o.i ·'!i.!. <i I
-'lilcl"II, t1f.'il'dl, ~ . ~ -
,:i,;.. a;"i·"1%"1 ·<:I ,:i,;.·.JJ·\._. ufc:. o.i· '!i·~·r::.a:,.
"'lGT, '3 ct1 ,t'1 I~qi; I, f f l ii"fcr I
577
"l~."''\"-'Qj ~ ~·<li~'UJ z::. ~'~·ffZ::.<li' "l ~' ffl, fi'111Fcljcfa, ~.

>l$11Fcljcfa, '3"111t1l'l--Jl'lfcljcfa~il I
"''\"-'Q j oJ(<!i'"'"'"''.5's '\' r.r· al'\'"'"' c1fz::. ~·
Twenty-eight types of persons -
~·~· Z::.<li ·o; ~·"'""'.Q 1 oJ(<li ·r.r,;·a.1·s".'\Z::.. Person with dull faculties, sharp
faculties, predominant attach-
CJi51l•rr.r,;·c1fz::. ~· ~-~·z::.<li·o;~·a.'\a.·ci1 II]z::.· ment, predominant hatred,
'.5'(.\<fCJJ 1~·~~·~oJ·r.r,;·sfo;·ci1 al·111c1f· predominant mean-mindedness,
predominant pride, predominant
investigation, having gained
equality, one who has the nature
111 ~ ~·"ll.l: ~ ·o; ~· ~oJ· "'"·sfo;·qi{! I of minor delusion, enterer,
abider in fruit, a follower by
aitic!1~·~1RI: 11"1'f<'IT:-
~fsf.<:11.
faith, a follower by phenomena,
~=. '3"ii;'(l•I:, '3"iGG4:,
a follower by devoted intere~t,
'3""ii;'fh,:, '3"ii;'11'i:. '3"ii;- one who has attained the correct
fcH1 c6 :. '<1 '1 ~ 1'<1 :. '1 «; , \JJ x-cli- view, one who manifests body,
"1111~1 ll:, >1fa4...-Jcji:, 4>W{!.J:, one who has to pass into seven
.!J'.l,tlljfil~. U'iljfll~. ~ - births in the sarhsiira, one born
1Jcli'f:, 'i_ ~ >l I'<1 :, cji 111 fi Ieft. '{l'({f- from family to family, one who
is bound by one obstacle only,
-ie,'"' I-. : cji 6i cji 61: o cji cl') RI cji:
= I , I I ..:) ..:) , "\ I
one who attains liberation in the
3l'f1 '( Iq Rf.'! <1141, (3 q q i'l q Rf.'! <1141, intermediate state, one who
~~-
, attains liberation as he is born,
f.'1<1\<i"I, ~ : . '(1'111Fcljcfa:, one who attains liberation
~. >l$11Fcljcfa:, '3'lP!- without great effort, one who
fil'il'IFcljcfa~tjfa I attains liberation with great
effort, one who progresses
~ ' f f 11"1'f<'I- ..... ~rs~r;;~11. cftaut-
higher, one who attains
m. \:l--'1<;-<1·1. '3"iGG4. liberation not in proper time,
'3'"1<;'118, '3"ii;'11'i, '3'"1c;fclt1c6, being immovable, one who
*1 '11,11 '<1, '1 "<; , "1 % "11 c11 l.1, Jffi't- attains liberation by means of
q "'I cji, 4>W{!.J, .!J'.I eil Ijfi I~, transcendental wisdom and one
tl'iljfll~. ~ . 'i_~>ll'<l, who attains liberation by means
cji 111 fi left, fi '<1 ifi c;,"-1 cl q , '1, '[61-
of both.
clJc.'l, \t cji q°I RI cji. 31 "<1 " q Rf.'I c1 \41.
"' .
~·~~<i·l•,·Q~'\I ~~·,£,:z::.111·J"~"·r.rl.l~·
'344i'l4Rf.'lc1\<lt, ~ - 'l'.5.li I ~~·~/.l.·o;111·r.rl.l:m·o;·~111~·q·Q1~·
f.'lc114\ fflfiq.cj,iqf.'lcjl4J, ~ -
578
1,:;·1 ~·~ol~'"l' 1'~'<:\l:;'Cl''l~"\·1,:;· r::i;.1,;·ci "'' .1/'Cl! ~!;lll'"l''l~"\·q ''.1/''ll go
r{i:;·r::i· r::i~"' ·! lll'1s·r::illl'~ "'· r::i ~1 ·\11 r::ia· '.1/·ci I 11·r::i·"l·11·r::i·ol·<!J°'·""'' '.1/'cil {"'·
31 llc I 14· ~ I RI fll El : 1lJ&;':- '11n r::i· o) Arr::ia· '.1/''ll C. lll'C\S"\'ol'<!J "\·q/,_· '.1/''l I
9,'<' q cl Iii</ Iec; I:, '11n 9,'<' q 6 ff1 IFG-
~CJ''J'"l'~~lll''J"'' '.1/''ll ~~'"l'C\'4'-'l'r::i/,,·
~ : ~ ~ '11n 'l'11$11'i'11$1-
'l1~'11'<".1Fc\~1R'l 1 '.1/'ci I "'!:Jlll'S·3l 1·q/,,·11·ci1 ~1·"lll·ci,,'i'
3181:l''H "U<l>R ~ llJ&;'- '1Tif
9,'<' q cl Iii</ Iii; (ell fcln ct'f cfT1lft ~
qq·'.1/'Cll ~,;'CJ'C\~'llll'<Jq''.1/''ll r::it'i'OJ'
\j (-q ,-.j m <IR'\ ™ !,I cj\ Ii: * i!J'<!l"\·qq• '.1/''ll '.1/'Cl' al"\· 2ft ol~"\·qq·i:;·
~). '1Tif g'(iq5ff1lfG~1..-;
(ell Rln cfi m ~ \j (-q ,-.j m ~"l·!· 11·ci·r::i;slll·~II
<IR'l ™
\lcJ\lx \'lm <t * ~). ai11c1fll·m: <i,,,<ilcll':- ~zyrr-
™ '111$1 ~ 311-111$1 cfi 'llG ~ cg 'if£ . fcl $1 fln' >ITT'r x1 'i I'<l Y-
31/31~x-l ffl t I '!). 'i f£ . fi cJ\ 01 >ITT'r x1 1-1 ixI q-
Twenty-eight types of sound- '(t1_f£:, \'l21<'11x1'il,1Y'(t1_f£:, 1:Jft-
Seven types of sound produced 'l6'!). 1f£:. qRc1ct'1cg1_f£ , 3Fr-
by speeches of a person, seven c1~cg1f£. f.'11.1\01cg1f£. W1"-
types of sound produced by cJ>l'<'!),1_f£:. \lcJ\lY'!),1f£, fclq1.1\,1-
hands of a person and each of '!),1_f£:, qfc&cg1f£:. 31{qlcJ\ix-
the above has pleasant and '!). 'i f£ :, cJ\ qc <'11 '!). 'i f£ :, '<i <'4'i Ix-
unpleasant sounds and thus '!), 1_ f£:, 31$11'1!,!C:~1'1'!),1_f£. 'F[-
numbers to twenty eight. '!),1_f£:, ~: 311_f£cJ(t ~
'!). 'if£:, \I '-11 1 11q'16'!).'if£:.
l'-"\'~"-'Cl!1l ol.$°"\'ol"'' '.1/''ll r::iry~lll''J' 31 ~ 1.1\fo IcJ\ <!),1 f£:. 311 cl x011 ~:
"l' ~"'·"'~r::i~·~· '.1/·r::i I ;}"1·{~·"l· ~,;· '(t1f£:. YIYcJ\1'1'!),1f£, f.'1tq,<>1
cg1f£:. '3WC:l'f1cg1 f£:. x11-11,1q-
"'~ 'llll'~' '.1/''ll ~ 'f'"''~\"l'~,;·C\~CJlll'~' <!!,1f£:. f.'HIYC:'!),1_f£:. 'i6l'!).1f£,
'.1/·r::i1
...,,,
UJ
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i:;~·•if"'"°'·q"'·'.11·ci I r::i~,;· r::i"'· '.11'

3ffel 'i G'!).'if£ ~il R'l I
~"'ff cf>c "'e ~ '-1 i- x'1 <'1,<'11l'f1Tr ct'r
r::i1 fl·"'·ol·'lf r::i·3)'i'"a· '.11·r: i1 C. lll'""'·~,;· cg 'i [£' Rl $1 Rn cfi J;ITT'r x1 'i lxl q
r:;iq,·'.1/·r::i1 1r::ic;·,rr::ia·'.1/·r::i1 ,;r::i·~·~~lll'
ctt '!).'i [£. {i cj\ C'Y cfi J;ITT'r '<i 'i 1,1 q
ctt '!). 'i [£' \121<11 cfi "'{ll-ITT)-q- ctt
qq,·'.11·r::i 1 ~"'·i·ar~·;i''.1/'Cll C\'4'-'l·r::ia·'.11· cg1 f£. qR11 s ctt '!!.'if£,
qRc1ct'1 ctt '!). 1 ~. 31'1cl~ ctt
r::i1 fl~·a)·q)"\·qq,·'.1/·r::i, i:;"\·~clf<,,·'.1/·r::i, '!),1_f£, f.'11.1\01 ct'f '!).'if£,
579
~ *1- cg c;_ ~- >1 cf,1 q ctt view multiplying the non-

'!), 'i_ ~ , fcl 4 11 j *1 clil" '!), 'i_ ~, <[f%" virtues, wrong view lacking
cfft i:fj, 'i_ ~ , 3l ~1 cfi I, *1° i:fj, 'i_ ~, fruits, the nihilistic wrong view,
 ~ c: <11 cfft i:fj, 'i_ ~, *1 <'<1> I, cfft the depreciating wrong view,
'!),'i.~' amA "cfiT <'; ~ IPl ctt the inoffensive wrong view, the
great wrong view and wrong
'!),'i.~' ~ '!),'i.~' ~ "cfiT
~ cf; ~ -.'t 'l ~ i'.!l '9 ctt view of presumptuous pride.
'!), 'i_~, \I <11' I - ~ cfft '!), 'i_~, l!J~"i-~"'·<1~'\1 ~a·'11\"i1 ~a '11\'11 ~-
31~11\filicfi i:fj,'i_~. 3llclx"I ~
ctt '!),'i.~' cyq-')f.& ctt '!),'i.~' ~·'1l"i·!·9\"i 1 i""' 'I;"'9\"'i r "i~-~F"'.
f.'l eq, c'I cfft '!), 'i_ ~, '3 "ciJ c; I'f1 cfft ~""·~·9\'11 ~-~a '11'1"il .:i"'~·ia·
'!), 'i_ ~, xi 'i I{I 4 cfft '!), 'i_ ~,
f.'I , I4 c; *1° '!), 'i_ ~, l-J g I'!), 'i_ ~ 'l]')"'if lo.~-:i"i''JQ,'9~'11 9~'\'j"i·~·
<112:fT 3ffer:l<:" *1° '!), 'i.~ I
9\"i l ~"i.ml,.9\ "il "'§""ii'cl:9\"il
The twenty-eight wrong views-
Wrong view of truly existent cll·'i9~·~·9\<11 ,,-~a·9\"i1 ~"J·':l~·~·
marks, wrong view depreciating
imputed phenomena, wrong '11\'11 ~QJ·ml,·9\'11 ~~·~QJ·ml,·9\"ir
view depreciating conceptuali- ~~·s'\ ~-9\"ir Qt_ \s'\·~·9\'11 fu<I
zation, wrong view depreciating
thatness, wrong view of 9~'1·!·'11\"ir [s'\·~·9\"ir 9~'1·~·
thorough apprehension, wrong
view of change, wrong view 9\<1 r ~F,,_."'sr·~a·9\"i r "i~· ~a.·
without misdeeds, wrong view 9\~r ~"i't."'9'1"'11 S"'l!J\"il ~-i
of renunciation, wrong view of
power, completely confused '\9"-'<1"-'S'\'CJ"'9'1"iI j"i'l"-gfCJil.·
wrong view, perverted wrong
view, multiplying wrong view, 9\"i 1 ~"'-~''11'1"i'CJ"'9\"i·CJ;s~-~n
unaccepted wrong view, 3l"cl~:t1RI: 1JITT:- ~,g1g:, "W!-
deceitful wrong view, wrong i;rg:, 31'\j,!li,:, 4cl·Hli,:, 'l~<ltl5,
view of devotion, wrong view ~ : , fcn . . .N!Ji,:, l-Ji5lx'lll5:,
revealing ignorance, the
<Ja,>;rg:, "<lalfl tl i,:, "l,<i tl i,:, ~Mt! s:,
fundamental wrong view,
fq~ll'iltii,:, ~ : . ~<1'1~6:,
wrong view refuting the right
cfil'-19,tl'i!li,:, ~aifil1t11,:, 3l4*'11x-
view, wrong view rejecting the
cause, wrong view that is not an i;rg:, 'c:91'-ll~i;:, '3'l-Jl<';.tl5:,
aid to liberation, wrong view of Fclwl-J!l1,:, -s1Fcl,.-f1!l1,:, ~cJc1°1t1s:,
the obscuration etc., wrong 111-Jx!Gitii,:, ~:. '-ll<ri/>1
580
(l'IT-lIT)-i! fa c/>i!lli',:, fl c\~p 1,;n,:, ~''\'\[ <i'ljll'l'Gj @°'J[ 'lj~°'J·~·o,~,;_·::ir

cfjDc'.c/,l<i,i!Dl(l t,~tjfa I
~~ lJ"(,"- ~ %, 'WT %,
@°'J',l;'\''lit[i
3l'J' %, l:fq,'f %. lT% %, 31 tc.1 ~->tl Rt: R'lro~ ll~<f<f-
~ %, fil, ...n %, •H,li!•I %, ti '(-<I) I '( I :- ~ITT'<f: , 31111 fi:a :,
Z[iff %, "i!1ITTl %, 1W %, q('l ~ . 31fi~fl'114 f<'f1:, f.ri!m-
%, rl ~I ItJ %, "c/><r"tf %, "Tl"'f fl •11 q f<'f1:, "11 R1 c1 R 11 '1, iJ!TR'r:.
'
%, c/>1119,<'1'-1 %, ~ecrfur %, ;:;ru, fum,":. 31,nf.1"'=f<1=a~1. ="1~1>-J=q,=1~11:,
314f'lli! %. mzrT %, '3"'llC: 4C:c/>111:, cl.101'ic/>l<l:, 1J:~'01'1M'j,
%, R1w'1 %, ;s1Fc!,.f1 %. ~ a"•
...!:,""\ I C'I :, ,-,-,,b-:
>'111\\I, m>r:
II fa f.'! 11 '1 :, ,
%, 11'1i!l01 %, qafr %, '11c)_c/>I iJ!cl:, 31::J,i!i"I:, clm'l:, ~:. fl(."-11,

(l'IT-lIT) i!Rlc/>i! %, fl4'.'1'1 % '1<;:, "fi..:n,:, sl<t"tf:, 3R<~.
'
'12IT cfjDc'.c/,l<i;i! 01 % I
>1<1.£!1 q i! '1 ~ i1 Rl I
Twenty-eight planets- That of ~~ R'! CT1 ~ ll~<ftH-ifil>I i!-
Deva, Naga, Demi-god, Pavana, ~, 31\IIFQ-i, ~.
Garuda, Gandharva, Kinnara, 3lfi~fl'1141cd, ~,
Mahoraga, Yaksa, Rak~asa, G\'l R1 c1 R 11. iJ!TR'r. ;:;ru, fum'r.
Ghost, Hungry Ghost, Flesh- 31f.'l,11a1, 'il"lc/>14, qc;q,111.
eater, Kabandha, Putana, Kaya-
c<.i "1 '"1 q, 1'-1, 'J:~ '01 'i M, !);q •IC'I,
putana, Suk~al).i, Apasmara,
~ - 11Rlf.'111'1, m>T, ~~l;.ldl,
Chaya, Unmada, Vikrama,
3ljil>'1, <lm'l, ~- fic"-11. 'R,
:QakinI, RevatI, Yamaraja,
Pa41, Mat~ka Ratikara, fllJ"t,", ~- 3Rl.~ '12IT
'
>l<r..W q i! '1 I
Sarvatraga and Kal).\akodharal).a.
Twenty-eight non-associated
41111"1''\t:·~·i:rlll'u:ii\·r.ra.·q,~·s,·~ ....<I!'\1 compositional factors- Attain-
ment, non-attainment, equal
icrq[ 3l'i<J'G[ j\\"l'3l1)3l'G[ C\~'~ll'J' state, meditative absorption
ii,·qa·f"'ll<l·~zii o.qfzii·qa·f311l<l·~zii without discrimination, medita-
tive absorption of cessation,
5zii·~·'\::ii::·2ir !·::ir ~·::ir "1i\ll'l'Gf 3)· life-faculty, birth, aging, exis-
tence, impermanence, group of
~zii·qr ili::·~·tzii"lr £-zii·~·tziill'Jr cl:l· names, group of words, group
~a·l'ziill<lf ~-~·!·?i-~'\I ziii::·~zii of letters, individuality, person,
engagement, the state of
o.~zii·qr ii·ii,,:~ll'J·qr "-s"·o.s<>i·::ir individual existence, yoga,
rapidity, order, time, area,
3.11'1jll'l'G[ qf·!;3lll<lf ~ll<l[ ~<>l[ !!]C:"1[
number, particular, collection,
581
continuity, transformation and m:, '(j,1_~'-11:, '(ji;~\'11:,

interruption in continuity. 3li!if.'l«ll:, 3llif>l~ll'l'T41:, Fc1$11'11-
'1'T414 a'1 'l, 311 Fcl-i t1 "414 a'1 "I.
1·~~·~'"-'"l!'\J t<>1·i"i-£:ll15J"1:1~1 ('1"-" ' '
.'!citi$11'11ti$114<1'1 itfu I
5·ll1~<>1·qf€,_. ~i::_·1 f "-"<>l4ll]~·~~-,;II ~~ "\!<!ITT" ~ <hrITT-
'<'I I \14E 1'11"1 if> I f{iif> (~ if <1<1,lti;;,
~i:i·;r~°'·£i·1:1,ii:;·1 si:;·5·~aJ'lfaJ·~~1 l
zjator if Fc1x>di!i, q ~tl'l ~
~5J·:s·,rll]~5JJ a.~1:1·:1<>11 '\ll1"-''2:"il Fc1 "' q 1&a crm '3 rn , if tl"wrrr).
?1 I 4Gi~I. <IT'ff, ~ . f.'111\01<ffi.
"-~<>I' '\ll1 "-1 ll1"1"i'"-~<>!· '\ i:i,;.S'\ I a;,;~- 4, f.'I fil a c1 ~ Ic1 .--\1, §I (;.1 c/J I f{i c/J, W-
£:~ 1 a;",:;~·Cl1'_'5J5"i'"i'"-~"il a;",:;~·i"il 9.,1 f% a, '161~ I~ u1, 4~ct11'fl,
31Q'll"l'1'f, ~. 4~ct1~.
i{'\·~i::_·1 a;'\-a:i'\-i{'\l i{'\·ll]~"II '\~- 31Q'll"l'1'f, ~ - 3A1lcli,
9,"4Qf1cl, ')_E<'1,4>"1, 3ltifi!fl'ii'I,
~i::_·1 a;'\-a:i'\·'\~I '\~·t<-ll ij'l·.:i'\I
3l""i[5, 3lcf([, 11"4. ~-
t:i~i\"i5J~·~~1 a.:1~·,;1·i·i:i1 a.5·~~- 3lc/Jf.'l«l, 3llc/Jl"ll'l'T4, Rl$11'11-
'1'T414 a '1, 311 Fcl-i t1 "41 4 a '1 ([2l]
3l'j'"11'_'~5J~'il"il £l·i·i:i1 £l·ll15,;·i:i1
.'!c1,i$11'11fi$114<1'1 I
~-~5J' ~i::_·i:i1 ~"i';i ·i,ilfi::_·i:i1 i{ll]'al"i I Twenty eight types of gods-
Four royal lineages (D!Jrta-
"i5J'5Jl""-'5J~a.·t.<J5J' ~-5Ji '\ I ~5J-~5J·~· rfu}\ra in the East, Viruc:Ihak.a in
aJ ~a.· t.<J 5J ·~ ·aJ i '\ I ~-t.<J ,:;·al '\·"a_·~·aJ i '\ I the South, Viriipak~a in the
West and V aisravana in the
"-5'~<,l' al'\'a.5·~ 5J'.:i'\'£ii\-~'~-aJi '\' <!i55J' North), Gods of the Thirty-
three, Gods of Non-Combat,
~II Gods of Joy, Gods of Enjoying
31 lic: 114" IR, f.'11c.11 : <fclf: - '<'I Ic'j,'1 !51- Emanation, Gods Controlling
other's Emanation', Brahma
, I"1 if> I~ if> I (1:f9 <J<1,I~, c:fuuT
types, In-Front-of Brahma.-
Fc1x>dib:, 4~'<'111 Fc1"141&T: '3cti~
Great Brahma, Little ligh~
~-',JqOl~ti), ?114ft:i~II:, <IT'ff:,
Limitless light, Bright ligh~
~ : . f.'111\01,<14:, q,f.'lfllac1"1- Little blessing, Limitless
mfi. §I (;.1 if> I~ if> I:, §I (;.19,,l f% aI:. blessing, Vast blessing,
'161 §I I (;.1 o11:, 4x1 rn l"IT:, ;mp:nur,:rr:,
~
Cloudless, Born of merit, Great

~=. 4fict1'1'ff:, 3JQ'll"l'1'l'f:, fruit, God of no discrimination,
= : 3A'fl""if>[: ' . . !CT04Qf1c11:
~',C.'''''" , '
Not great, Without pain,
'[5 i;ljj "11 :, 3l fi ~ fh'<l I:, 3fc[61=, Excellent appearance, Excellent
582
perception, Not below, Infinite ~q,c;uJl, f"Gc;u,gf, •r'i~J'l11dl,

space, Infinite . consciousness, · c!i~llaj<iai 'c)fc, I
Nothingness and abosorption of ~ ~- cfr~q,[,,
that which is neither with ~ ( ~ ) . ~ cf,[c11'1,
discrimination nor non-discri- '3-/icf,1 ,1>ig?1, '11'1i{icf,, ;>)~1filq,,
mination. .
fl[L"-1, '
M]cj,[IH'1, ij,D[[c;, ,..,+CC,+,,-,~
4Rl1["1cf,,
s·~~·<1~·~1:1·1111"'·11·1:1·'!!1"'~1 ~- ~ 9o.i·s '\' ~. 414fu-sq,, ffl, 4'{!4fa,
q, Iq Ifc;i q,, 3i tj c1 q,, f.nt.e_-r,
<II ~-~9o.i·~1 1·g,,r~o.i·~·':!·t,,._.~. aiqu[q,, 3TIB<1, '1t;l11dl, ,1'111'11,
. ~ n
"-:i"-1 "i:;o.i·s'\·~·':!·~9·~'\I '\~'\·<1·,:i1 'rT~'l11dl, 11t"'l:[.l.il, '1'l"<11<11,
q Io;g, fii~. ~ q, c; fu-s, fG c; fu-s.
s·!l9'<11 'lli:;o.i· ~·<11 "'~ 9'~"i· ~i:;·"''i.l"i· ~ c; fu;g, 7i1~' I 11 '11 TIW
c!i~l:[. 0 -s'1 I
.i1 9a19·ai"i·.i1 ;,l"i'J° i'<l 1 ;j"i·.i1 u;·
The thirty classes of non-
11ao'"i'il"iJ ~·,:i·.i1 ~9o.i·,:i'\9·.i1 i'\·.i· Buddhist- Tirthyakara, Tirthika,
Arada Kalama, Udraka Ram-
~I qfo.i·~'\'<11 9i"-'':!'<II 'l'\'S'\'<11 putra, Mimansaka, Vaise~ika,
11i\it"'1'<11 <lj "4'~1'!]"'1'i"i·2'i'·.i1 "-!:;"'1' Sankhya, Lokayata, Kru.iada,
Paribrajaka, Vaidya, P~ar:u;Iika,
S'\·~·,:i5 "l'~9o.i 1 .i,·~a.·ci5 "l'~9o.i·~ I Saiva, Pasupata, Kapalika,
Acelaka, Nirgrantha, K~apa-
~"i9 &J'S/3,'<Jj "1'~9"'1'il"i I St;''l''\"l"-' i:iaka, Arhata, Mahavrafi, Ram-
2'i'1 '\s9·~·9%9·.i1 '\s9·9~o.i·.i1 vrati, Mrgasringavrafi, Kr~i:ia-
mukha, Mayiiravrafi, Pa1::u;lara-
'\s9· ~·9'!!15.J·.ir 1a1c;·~a.·ci5"1·~9~r ~ r bhik~u, Ekadai:i<;lI, Dvidai:i<;lI,
Tridai:i<:11, Gausringavrafi and
ru·C\<J"l'<J'~11o.i· o.i 11
~
Kesamundana.
~"ffi{ clmf<1>q1~-1:- cfr~:. i '\'<l'IJ!III'~·if9%9 "-~·~ o.i· ~ '\..:J"i.i· a.
~:. 3il,l-scf,[c1['f. '3 s; cf,1'
" .
'11'1[flcf,:, ,>)~,Fil cf,:, 11i '\'~·~ '<J"-'"-fil'·ci1 %·u;c;·~\.i1:l.·a·11i'\·
fl[,L"-1:, '
61lcf,l'-H'1:, cr,1u11c;:, ~· l 'l"-'"' fil'· ,:i I ~o.J·~ o.i ·~· 5,J ij"-'"' o.i ·a. 5,J i '\.
qR111'1Jq,:, ~:. q1qfq;gq,:, *'r:,
41:a:!Yd:, <t>l41<11, 3itjc'lcf,:, ~·l <J"."'fil'· <Ji "'11·llfl"''3J ij"''"' o.i· a. 3Ji '\'
f.nt.e.-r:, lff4UT:, ~ : . '1t;[tldl,
{1'111<-fl, 'i' I ~j• I ti<-fl, /1t"'l:[.l.il:,
~·l 'l"-'"-9J·,:iI a,',:; o.i· t, o.i l 11~"1. "i."'~"i I
'111j,i!l1dl, ~:, ~c;o,sl, a,'i:;o.i·i"if it'\·~i:;·1 ao'\~'\'it'\J it'\'
583
!!]"I'll) 'i~'tt;'J '6'j'3l'i''i~ . '\~'~"! J%'a', 'li51<1$11, q~rr11"1, 31Q'JIDIQ'I/,

~. q~rr1'{],"1, 31Q'11"1'1'1,
~°i'3)'\1 <i•i\"i3.1"'i"1 l:l.Sj"l'lJi'<ll al· ~. 3FIWP, go<1Q{FI,
i'<ll SJ'!!]5!;'<11 ~·~3.1·~t;'<IJ ~°i'1'3.lii;· '!,5<1,4'<'1, ~ . 3l'<i"Y', Qaflac;~f'1.
'ji; ~1'1, 31 et, Pi to' iij4i51'< 1"1 et, lfricjj,
<I) t;!!j'SJ°il ~"l'i°i'~!!]"'<l~l ~3.1·~·~ ?! I '1~~1. <TIJ-l', ~. Pi,ifo"ri,·
!!]~3.l'l'.11 l:l,~<l'Sj"l'<ll '\!!]l:l.'~'l'.11 l:l,~Ql' q,f.'lr\ac1~1c1tfi. JJW. 'lj"'1 ~ .
~ ~ '1i'<ct, I
'\!!]l:l.'<11 !!]"j"i'l:l.~"l''j<I!;'~'i 1 ~·3.1·&) °i 1 <IT
.i, 5'\'l:l.gJJ &1·)!!]"1 '\~"l'<lt;ll lff'il ~ . U: c/,l'i~cl. ~

cfi ·Hlc'lt, ~clt11 ~ 'cfR 3&f-
"''-.iii1 tllccll'1<i'1 I
'-l.')'\'f'a.l"l''~:'1 '-l.')'\'~'~'11 '11~'11"'~'<1~' Seventeen regions of the form

realm- One who migrates to the
~'11 '11~'11"' 3l 'i.i.3.1 i 'i''i:l' <I~.~ ·oi' '11~'11' ~1 source of neither discrimination
(!<l>Gi>tld, 'Jfqf:- 4c1fi$11'11fi$11'1-
nor non-discrimination, one who
'
<i'1lq•11:, 311 Fcn 5lil"'-11'1<i'1lq>11:
' migrates to the source of
' '
Fcl $11'11'1"T'11'1<i'1'I q, 11:, 31 lc/,l~I I '1-
nothingness, one who migrates to
'f'Q 1'1<i'1lq' 11:, <I $1 lc/,lrlct,:, w- the source of infinite conscious-
g,1f§a 1:, 'li51<1tm: ('li51<116l"II:), ness, one who migrates to the
q~rr11'ff: ' 31!.P-ll"l~"fl: ' ~ :' source of infinite space, Brahma
q~rrj~T'f[: 31~'JIOl~H'il =
~ I
t:
':.:!,·,-,c.~~
~ t II<
Category, In Front of Brahma,
3f'l'l1c!;T:, go,i~flcll:, <Ji5Nic'II:, Great Brahma, Little Light,
Jfi[ITT:, rn:, ~afla1;~\.-ii:, xjc;~\'11:, Limitless Light, Bright Light,
31 et, f.'I to I:, ii I ji-\i5 I, 1"1 et, I r)ct, I:, Little Virtue, Limitless Virtue,
?11<1~~11: j~a1:. f.'ly\01"<a<1:, Vast Virtue, Cloudless, Born from
q,f.'lfi'\ac1~1c1Rf.-i:, ~:. 'lj"'11:, Merits, Great Fruit, Not Great,
ffi4ii:, WTI:, ~1~-iiffi I Without Pain, Excellent Appea-
<IT rance, Great Perception, Not
~ c/iTl-l'clTdcl:, """ et, I'l ~ cl I:, Below, Four great kings, Gods of
ei1-s~1 ~:. ilMIR m- Thirty-Three, gods of Non-
tl Iccl I'1 11"1 f1 1l<[- 4 cl fi $11'1 I fi $11 '1- enjoying emanations, gods of
'
<i'1lq•1,
~
311 Fcn 5JiJ;;q1<1a'11q•1,
'
' controlling other's emanations,
fcl $11 '11'1 ""1 I '1 a '11 q •I, 311 et, I~ 11 '1- demi-gods, human beings,
'
'T'11'1<i'11q•1. "'
<l\'i1c/,li<1ct,, '
ill'i1g,1- animals, hungry ghosts and hells.
584
OR &IC:.111'$111' -~·q11c:.• ·.iq .,, 5111·1i::.·

Five Desire Realn1s, six gods of
Desire Realm, sixteen gods of <l\Cll!l.ll.f"'·a1a:11~~·1i::.· ~·i:.i·1i::.· 1 <E1CJ 111·
Form Realm and four spheres of
the Formless Realm.
~~·;r"l~111·<J·~1·1i::.·r 5"1·1i::.·<E1CJ 111·~·
~"'·lf ~ ·CJl!l·r.i.s1>.1·CJ·1"·1 S"1'1"·<l\'ll!I'
~~1]'1&1llfi·•i(i::.·11i::.·,51·t·af111,511 r.i.~\
'-l.l,II'~ i::,· 'If~~ '.ll,l;"fl!I' <I'~ l lC:.'f q~~·
<J>;· illrCJ~~·~· ~i::.·:lCJ~, 1~·'-l.§":-~· tii::.·
O
- " ':r.' Y.'. ,:,,. "

ll~''l''IJ1'1i::.·r "'"''&1'",t:.'<l''IJ1·1i::.·1 ~i::.· II\
s·CJ~~r r.i.llf"f·CJ~~·~·tii::.·s·CJ~~r 1>.111·

i:.i·UJi::.l!l·i:.i·~1·1i::.·1 1·i·~i::.·sc:.·q·~1·1i::.·1
CJ~~·~' tl i::.·s·CJ t1' CJ ol!I' CJ ( 111!1'<JIll'~·
"!~ 111·1~\\rr
<l\'ll!l'f.l.!;!",'&l'llt~·<J·~1·1i::.·1 !'~~·~·
!"!111·i:.i·~1·1i::.·1 s~·<J·~·1111 111·~~11Ja·'I/·
<1>111t11c1): ~ m r, .:~f'l~m:-
....f1-,-'-l-q"'-
~:-(!l-14 g'-1-1:. f1 q-j f1 :J- s·~1·1,;· I 5"1·~,;·~,;·11~1!1·<J·~1·1,;·1
c; '-114 f1 ,'-I q g'-11 ' f1 q-j f.t {1"1 1i:l f1 ,'-1-
>lt'-IT:, il1 ti-'.'11' 1li:lti ,'-I !.I tl'-11 ~ii~
r.i.\11111·~· fi' q· ~q111·,.~CJ' <J' ~1·1,;·r
Ei18i~ld,I II~Jl1' 'If o) >;'C\S'<l' ~ 1·1,;·1 <lllf l!I' <l''-l.l,11'<J'
<l>l'lllltj, ~ <1ctflt1 c;~f'l~'-1-
~:,(!J" ;,i1i:lt1,a $ Gf1 i;rg-a, ~ 1·1i::.· I ~·?.·?. ·~111'"f l1J 111'5"!1!1''li'
f1 :Jc; '-I 311 i:lti ,a $ me,, f.Rm ~1>.1·q·~\1,;·1 <l\"l'&1~\~111·q~·<J·
311,:j f1 <"-I $ m<, i:;cf lJT't
311,:j xi <"-I $ 31lo I ~ !.I c/i 1, <P<'I ~1·1,;·1 1ll:(·~\ol~q·r.i.s·q·~1·1,;·1
~<'c11f1 fM ~ I ~
l~,;·&1,.t:.°' ._
1·-,~·;r ~ll'<J'~ 1·1,;·[ $"]'<J'! 111'
The thirty-two delusions to be
abandoned on the Path of i:.i·~1·1i::.· I (·s-CJa·31 i'llf·11r5 ~·<J·~'\·1i::.·1
Seeing- Ten objects of
~,;.~~~.'II"'·111q· i:.i· ~ 1·1,;.I '\!i'lllf'l·~"'.
abandonment related to the truth '
of suffering, seven objects of 1,;·~·i:.i·~1·1,;·1 ~l!l·~i::.·CJ·~'\·1i::.·r
abandonment related to the truth
~i;l!l·<Ja·1si::.111·~1·1i::.·1 r.i.!!J&l·i:.i·il~a·
of the cause of suffering, seven
objects of abandomnent related 'IS' CJ'~ 1·'\ i::.' 1 i"11111· '\'I!"'. CJ'~'\·1i::.·1
to the· truth of cessation and
a;11111·11'1J&1· i:.i· ~ 1·1,;·1 a;-11111·~"'111· CJ!I<;·CJ'
eight objects of abandonment
related to the truth of path. ~\"ii;., i"ll 1!1'CJ~·1:1~·11,;r.i.·CJ' ~ 1·1i::.·1
585
"¥ff fm. "C'l'<fi ~ qol I, ~ - f f l

r:i~·.rn *
~ "¥ff. fug 6:! f1 'i"' 6:! f1 '11 '1
ir I P.i 1' I q ,:ii cl e1 • II f.l '1 w I _,;; <1>- "c;TdT 
i; td QI c; d I, 111~~<'1Qfc;dl, f1 1-J I'1 tl Ict'i f1 c;Td. 3lfi'r.flc;r ~
"11 C'l lcf<i, 1-s;'],~Q 1fil1q IC:d I, %- <t f1 A1 "1 <'Im oJ foll I ctl" "oJM
d '(>UI !';'«'141 c; d I, f1 G'fl'cf,elld f, f1 'i"I oJ 41<1"1 ~ f1A1 "1 "ITT"IT I
c;"IEli<J~dl, 311ll<'1Qlfmit11. <[i5'i'!J,- Thirty-two major marks of a
111'.'lt11, '3i:U~QIC:<'11. ~ . Buddha- Hands and feet are
~ ' .
lifll\JIE.1<'11, ' 1<'1
Q('(ioJ1!;<'11. <1>1"1' marked by wheels; feet are well ·
oJ ~ '],tu ill. ~ ufcr oit1 I. '«'!a'UT- set; fingers and toes are
teRla 1. "11Gfe'!u11c1~$$~)'1dl, webbed; hands and feet are
smooth and tender; seven
l;),Olif<l,a'.f151<'1 I, Ris'!,41El<l>I llt1 I,
features of the body are
1tf<Jffi f<l>"c@T. ~ t1 I'f1 ~ if1 t1 I,
prominent; fingers are long;
~'(-1~'(-t l".,ld I, "l1\l)t1 q R'lo-sSia I,
heels are broad; body is huge
,3roftttfll~f<l>dl, Wid~qolt11, and straight; ankles do not
~('.l~<Hdl, Rii5i5j<'11, ~cfC'lc;'f1<'11, protrude; hair of the body coils
'<"1'1<i~dl, 31Rl~\Jlc;'f1<'11, "f11'1- upward; ankles are like those of
tl('cf IR" 1c;: c; 'f1 a 1. 3lfi1 'ii c-1 ~ '.'l a 1. an antelope's; long and
~ 'f!ft'r1 beautiful hands; private organ is
~ <$ ilctflfl "cl'~- 'ml) ~ concealed in a sheath; gold
3ffl!;-a' ~ ~ ~. 111~,f&:1<'1 ~. coloured complexion; skin is
vr@ ~ 3ITTl<il' ~ ~ ~ ctt smooth; every hair of the body
31-s;'],~til, % ~ t1'(i01 ~ ~ coils to the right; face is
~. "f1'@ \j 'cf,e q ~ f1 A1 "1 c!>T<I, adorned by a hair-treasure
c(W 3i 1~ q'j ~ f1 A1 "1, 3ll<fd between· the eye brows; upper
part of the body is like that of a
q1fml. ~ ?li'!!'llsl, '3'cU~ ~-
lion's; shoulders are perfectly
~ '111, tum ctt ~
round; shoulders are broad; he
\i!TEI", ~ ~ 1"<; ~ <lTs, c/>) ""Id
1JtU 3i'1 <t f1 A1 "1, wiut
f1 'i" I qOT <t "¥ff. c/>) 'I C'1 ~ <t
* qlll
tastes the most excellent taste;
his body has the proportion of a
banyan tree; he has a crown
"¥ff. ~ '111, "'3i"UJt x't protusion on the head; tongue is
3k../"i<'1 :fll'. ~ cfi ~ long; voice is like that of god
CJ_41El<l>lll, 1t1cin1 ~ ~ "¥ff. Brahma's; jaws are like that of a
3ll<fd cn-m. xfi-~filQ, "ll~le1' '
lion's; his teeth are white; his
"'[a1" ctl" ~ QR'lo-sc-1. ,aroftq ~ teeth are of the same size; teeth
586
n
,ID 9'\ ....!l .,, ....n ....n E ~ ~ ....
~ -.:11 .,...., ~~
;,, s- "' 8' el
11 ~ 2 ~~ ~ ~ ; ~~ ~ Oii~<>
2 tllf./.l~(b
li {j 2 -"! ~ . i ~ ~"' ,; ~\
" ~'jj
.i::i, j) D ~J .2;I A ....n 'A E .ii ~ '-"' <> <l
..Jill> ~ ..Jill> ..Jill> 2 .i!!' ~ ...Jl 0 ~ f"'I'- n,
Jl!! J:' ~ -ii 6Jn <)lj, E
au -"
(1.j,, i--t-i ::s ('I) ::s
n -ii "'2\ ...Jl 2 {j ~
...... ~ ---'-l
1" -.!i
l!! ~ ~ <)lj, _..,; -'"i> "1,; <I!! h 2i 11.Iii ~ 0. ~~
1
J:' "• ....!l\ ....!l
~ - ;;; 2 2 ~ ~ ....!l -..?1 .ii ::,- P." "'
,; ~ ~~ 6W --'l ;j A ~ ;» 6JJI ...Jl
-Ii
Ji
l!! ....!l l!! (,Jn A ~ ....!l ....!l ,; -·
~ '-< ni
ni =r' r.
~~ ;;; ....!l ~ f
. ,, ..Jill> % 2 6JJI
n
%.
'"i ~
-'l
84{ %.
"'
!e'l ~
2. .ls,
" ....!l.
-ii ~
.~
Jl
~
2
....!l
~
O'!\ ~
-ii
~
1.Iii .2!1
...Jl
....!l
J!!
~
i 1 "' -"' "'
~ ""
...,, '
VJ ~
::,-
=:,-' ni
~ ::,- ::,-
~
~ --.;
Jfn J!! A
;; ..Jill> .Ji 'Vi 11 .tj
t . "' "' " "' 0,
~ !l '---' ....!l
~!e'l 11 i - ~ Jj• -.,;,,
....n ~ -~ "' P- "'
~ q,,!!,
-"! ~
,; ~
;,, & ....!l
.~ J!!. ~
.:.!'I ~ ~
- 0, "' 0,
~ jl ----- ....!l y, .... "O
<> <> -0
jl ....!l i! J!!
" 1 12> n . )!
"' 11
n -'l 11 ~ olil i!
1...
B., Ji
11 Jil 11,; 2 .!ciJ a n n _o-[
~- -
;,;-- C: 0
.tj "!-' J!! ~ ~ ~. <> <> ....,
1: ....Jl• i:!' ".m. I
I ~· 2l ! ~
u,
00
__,
EJ
~ fil.§j l~ i~ ~ .!DJ
J!!
_.,;,
1Jf -~1;' 111~1111~111i~·1111~, ~11
=1
J!!
1}_! i i ~ j _.. ~ 1 ~ ~ ~- _i.
3
z
* -.~
1-· ~---~ - i
- *. :,
"
s
"Tl
.!l
~ :,
~11 t,- ,~ _i,-l fli, ~IJi I< i ""l ~0
- "
3fT<fi1- tion of peak of existence and

~ 11 '1 ~·<H1 'i Iq fttl . fc1 $11 '1 I'1 't<l fF·H- meditative absorption of
qfffi. 311 fc); tF·<Ni 'I Iq fttl . 'l-fcll11- thorough liberation of cessation.
ft'il4fffi (fl!lT ~ - The nine transcendental paths-
qfffi I
Four concentrations, four form-
.;t &'!<t>Trrli!'f/4- "tlT'( ~ - "tlT'(
less realms and meditative
3Rii"4 (fl!lT ~I
absorption of cessation.
'flR' fl'ff'liillrfl<l J./6/U/'ffif--
The four forbearance.1· with the
~:~. ftjt;llwf~.
reality- Forbearance with the
~~(fl!ll~
knowledge of suffering, forbea-
Ff <!ft ffl Q/efi/dl(L c; I'1 q I'<-
rance with the knowledge of the
fi11TI. :tfl iii 4 I'< fi'l c11, al If.,;-j q I'< r1 c1 I, origin of suffering, forbearance
cfllfq1'<fi'lc11. t111.-iq1xr1c11. m -
with the knowledge of the
q1'<fl1c11. '341ll41'<r1c11, olt'l41'<-
cessation and forbearance with
fi11TI. ~ "c1W
the knowledge of the path.
$11'141'<r1c11 I
The ten pe1jections of Buddha-
The thirty-four aspects of the
Perfection of giving, perfection
Omniscient One: The three
of morality, perfection of
doors to liberation- Liberation
patience, perfection of effort,
through emptiness, liberation
perfection of meditative
through signlessness and libera-
concentration, perfection of
tion through wishlessness.
wisdom, perfection of means ,
The three paths of emanation-
perfection of power, perfection
Emanation of one with form
of aspiration, perfection of
body looking at form,
primordial wisdom.
emanation of one without form
body looking at form and 1"·<11l"l~·a·f'\·"lar~·Qi!f1·,q1·i:ia·~·q~~-
emanation through beautiful
form.
~111~·rr1ar1·~~1 <li&l-~'"''\~·~·
The five paths bestowing peace <l~l\·"Ji1 II]~·,r'\!!]'qi&l· <rt1.1 r:; ·'\IIJ{II]~·
in this life- Meditative absorp- ~
c.ia,·~r:; ~-~~-~~·p1q·c.i1 \'i_· ~r;·q·,;,q·,·

tion of infinite space, meditative
absorption of infinite conscious- C$&l~·c.i1 ~'\'iB\'~'\'"'~1 ,'Jl'\qr;~·
ness, meditative absorption of ~"1''11 '\<.i'l'QQ.'~ 1 'j<./"l''\~~1 ~~·
nothingness, meditative absorp-
588
i"i·il1 "'"i'i"i' ~· '\1 &I C.'CJ' "i'"l'\1 ~~c;rn:, tfl!.l1•1a111~r. ~-

.i~c;rn:, tfl!.l1•1ac1~or. ~ -
~"i'i"i' ~·ci1 ~ "l'il'\''ll '\'l"-'S"i I c1~01~<1:, a ~ ' l ! t : , aQ.TTll"('I-
a;'t:1!,1·q1 arc.~·q~·s"i1 ~·l~r ~·~i:l.· Tl -<; 'i 'l\t: , a
al!.! I' I d 1'i "1 "11: ,
~'l\t:, TI''-! I' Id I~~ i!>'l\t:,
~I '\ri~·ci~c.·1 il'~"i·'\ri~r !!]lei~'\· al!.! I' Id 'i Ix I1101:, cRI I' I d~'tl"llllt:,
&1~ci.·u.i~1 q'\·'\ri~1 ~·c."i·i!'\·rii:l.·'\ri~r al!.I I ' I d iii ~ G-1.1) fa ffl"i6) ~ d IFlffi:,
al!.I I •l d q ~",nfa ffl"i6) ~d I firn:.
!l'\'il'\·~·!:ll il·~lll''\ri~1 ~·ci~"i· a~'l\t:, \'fl!.l I' I df'tfa'l\t:,
"¥i II] l!,l''l'a;'t:~.rii:l.·q'\·,!,;. ~ ..J'ri,;·,;~. Cl \ al!.l1 • 1a 1qRc/i1Rla"l 11-llcTll'lft:. am-
• 1d l, '1'; cB $,eel "1 x I"1:, cRI I' Id 'tlfcl-
~ 'CJ~"i'"¥illl~''l''li\i:l.·q\ii,;· ~&1·ri,;·(~· 'iITT'd''lft:, tfl!.l I' I d 'tl,fcl ~ d fi tl I 'i:,
\'fl!.l I •Id fcl s'li I"1 • 11 fll'lft:, ~-
ri·&1i::'"i·ri,;·&1~"i·ri1 ~"'·'\ri~1 ~"i·rii:l.·
fl 'i "11 i'l'll I fl9,i5'lfl:, <R11•1axrl-
'\ri~ I &1ar"i·'\ri~·~"i·3 ·u:it:l!,l''lJlll Ol \ q~fcls-1,1"1 • 11 fl!'lft:, tfl!.l I• I dxM 4~-
'tl,~ fa ~d ~ cil "i';x 1"1 ~tjfa I
'\cic.·2i'/.l:~II]'~ ~~·&1a;'"i'~·~~·ci'1 ~"i'l g~~l'il~~ >l" "\'.lcf'~-~~d
~&1·ri,;· lll~"i't.li:l.''\<i~ l 11]~~·~1!,1 ~"i'l t1"elm d'l!.fl'1TdT qJT 'i I 'I q ;'!!]~~·ql!,l'~l!]~' tfl!.l I' Id cl~' 1'4~'1 cft. tfl!.l I' Id xrl 1-
r.ii:l.·'\ri~1 ':)"i'~l!,l·1c. ci·ci1'\·rii:l.·'\r.i~1 fflq, TI'.il I' Id 'i I~ ~cl ( \'fl!WT\'f-
cflx~'i. al!.!1•1t1qlx"lf.G. ~ -
~~· i~·r.it~·~&l''l",'!!]~"i''ll ~·ci~"i' ~ M I fl'.l, tfl!.l I' I d x M Tl '1'; ~'If.
, ot
tfl!.l I' Id l'i I tl c; ~n. TI''-! I' ldxMti"i';'
"¥illl~'<i''\'l]'CJl&1'<i'u.JC.''\l!]';{!!]i!,i'<li:l.'
cRI I' Id fi1 "l C'1, al!.l 1•Id~~ Grn,
l!,lt;l!,I'~l!,l'~"i'CJ'i ''\t:''li\'~·,;ci·3 'Q~l!]l!,I' tfl!.l I' Idol~ I, \'fl!.l I' I dol~G rn,
tfl!.ll' ldcl~ 01, <RII' ldcl~ 01~cl,
ri·~·'\cic.·~. ~~·ci'r
~'lfl. tfl!.l I' Id Tl-<; 'i'l\t,
11Rl~'ll'il~~ q'Tjf)'ll,'l TI™:- ~-3!"1"1c1"1f\. ~-
cfl!W@-31 th'fP-ll cffi ".'!<Ei ~I Icf<l~f.:! , wrr'lfl. ~---J!lITT!i'lft.
cfl!W@ cl~' 1-4~ 'l<f•-J:, '(-!Q.TTll"('l- tfl!.l I' ld"l 1x1<101, <R11 • 1a ~'tl,"l'lfl.
~M IRl~:. <R11•1tF11~~<1~:. am- cRI I' Idol ~G-ll~ fa fi1i61~d~.
~~ "11:,
•1acflx ~
TI'..:i1•1t1qlx"l f.G :, <R11•1aq~G-1.1~fafcli6l~a~.
TI'.il I' l\'NMlfr.i:, cRI I' ldxMTl"i';- ~'lfl. tfl!.l I' Id 'f'il'a 'lfl.
sl"i':, <RI I •Id 1"l,I tl G~ ft :, cfl!W@- \'fl!.l 11 1d'tJ,4Rctl'lRld'i l'llcTll'lft.
x M Tl '1';:, al!.! I' 1a Fcl'l &1:, cfl!W@- tfl!.l I• Id l, "i:: iB \),eel "1 x I"1, ~-
589
~. padrnavikrarnf and Tathagata

<f.!.!1•1afc1w1'fP11~~. cmJT@- Ratnapadmasuprati~~hita Sai-
'fi>J'fl ~~. "<'1'2l'fl@- lendrariija.
xAq<;1fc1w1<i~ ~ TI~1 1 1<1xA .'\~ 'f"l·t·i:i1irs·,ll"fifa111 ~ ·111'4,·ci·
q,;i~~f/1~<1 ~c-l'i:xl"1 I
tJ'c:cii j'\'"-sf'\C'Clo"'l''l'l:l~l!l''I' tJ'c::cii
The Thirty-five Buddhas in the
Pratidesanlisutra (Siitra of j'\'"-i'')C'l:lo"'l''I' g'j''I' tJ'C'CI\ j'\'"-SJ'
Confession)- Tathagata-Arhat-
Sarnyak-Sarnbuddha-Sakya- 111'4'\' tJ'c·ci1 6-l'S6i''l'al6i''I'tJ'c·ci1 &I·
rnuni, Tathagata Vajragarbha- 111ot.·g1·ci·tJ'c·<J\ Cl&°i'fj'Cl'tJ'C'CI\ Ill~'
prarnardana, Tathagata Ratnar-
ci~, Tathagata Nagesvara, al'j' 11"-''1,~Q"'l',j'C'CI\ l:Jl!l'~·~· ~",'
Tathagata VIrasena, Tathagata
VIranandi, Tathagata Ratnagni, ,r
r.i,~ci"'l· c·cir '\~ '"-j6i''\S6i'"'S'\''J' f c·
Tathagata Ratnacandraprabha, Cl\ ~:t,"'l'5l!l"'l'Cl'{C'CI\ !aJ''l'Q,°l'
Tathagata Arnoghadarsi, Tathii-
gata Ratnacandra, Tathagata "-S6i''I' ,J'c·cir ~ "'l'<J~°l-~ '"!-i· tJ'c·ci1
Vimala, Tathagata Siiradatta,
~aJ'("-'S'\''l'tc·ci1 r.i,~·"·tJ'c·ci1 ~aJ·~c·
Tathiigata Brahma, Tathagata
Brahmadatta, Tathagata Varm:ia, ~· ~,,_. 1:1"-''1.~CJ"'l' ,rc·ci1 ~i:ri·31a_·~.,.
Tathiigata Varui:iadeva, Tathii-
gata BhadrasrI, Tathiigata r.i,~ci~r,rc·ci1 C1IJIC1'<J·~·,rc·ci1 "-S"'l'm-i·
CandanasrI, Tathiigata Ananta- '1,~QaJ''I' ,rC: 'Cl\ ,i;C''1,!C'CI' ,j'C:'CI\ ill'
tejas, Tathiigata PrabhasrI,
Tathagata AsokasrI, Tathagata '4l!laJ' f c::·ci1 Ill"-''4l!l"'l' f c·ci1 ( "l·af·~ '\'
Narayai;ia, Tathagata Kusurna-
srI, Tathagata Brahmajyoti- Cl'{c:·cir t6i'4'1]"'l'{c·ci1 ~''\C:'f'~ll]'
Vilqi~ita-Abhijfia, Tathiigata r.i,,i;c·ci·,rc·ci1 ,raJ·~i:ri·s\<J'(c·"I ~c·
Padmajyoti-Vilqi~ita-Abhijfia, "
Tathiigata Dhanasri, Tathiigata '4'1]"'l'{c:·"I ~·'ll6i·i·aJ°€·fc·ci1 ~.,.
Sffi!!isrI, Tathiigata Suparikirti-
taniimadheyasrI, Tathiigata '1.jl!l''l'1,•J'~"l 'Cl' ,rC::'CI\ ~·111c::·~l!j·~·~
Indraketudhviijaraj a, Tathiigata '!l°l' j \<l ,rC::'CI j ~ %,_''1.jl!l''l'1,&J'~"l'CI'
SuvikriintasrI, Tathagata Suviji-
tasarngrama, SuvikriintagiimisrI, f c:·ci1 ~'5,'>,'f'~aJ·~·ci·Jc::·<J1 l!jolz,
Tathagata Samantiivabhiisa-
'j!;;"l'ol °l <l' ,rC'Cl\ ! &.l'<l~'ryl!laJ''1,,i;C'CI
VyiihasrI, Tathiigata Ratna-
590
C:'<:ij "-<:!'§"-' &lf.!i' ~ ci\T f.'l .;-; I q;'f 'c'1l'l'T, • if

Q>c '51<1'1 c!>T lli;IOI, dffi'i~I
q._·llJ ar"l'z:i·z:i1z:i· <J'"l~·&l' '1)&1~· "~11 ·-
~ 1 ilii!.-JI, ~ ci\T ~ if
JJII If u'l '< t'!l 1'c R,i :t I(1 ll 11:-11 :- ~ \j~-1 ~ ilii!.-JI,
' '
l-l :J}"<l Ifc't q It1 fc1 i! fc't :, fl !.11 o<l Ifg fl Ifc't "'11.-J '{i,t ili i! 'i"l Icl Ic; 1 ili i! 11, <lflT
q Ia Fcl,fc't :, $1c: g_o\"'1 c1 l.l i::0111 t: I01 1 ili'<.-JI (~ cf; ~ ~
fcl '< fc't:, q "'1 c1 fc't q lt1 fcl '< fc't:, 31 c; ct'l 1- c;l "l Ii!l q oI q;'f 'c'1l'l1T), f.'l .;-; I c!>T
c; 111 fc't q It1 fcl,fc't:, ilil l-l fr:IUJ ltl I'< 1- 'c'1l'l1T ('fl'c:r-~1o;g1,ili ci\T f.'l.;-;1 c!>T
fc't q lt1 fc1 i! fc't :, 'i"l Ic1 Ic; Ifc't q lt1 fc1 i! fc't:, !.lt:1°1), cg\J ~-c'IT'+[ er; ~
3ATt1 I'< 11-1.l Ii'..."1111 fc't q It1 fc1 i! fc't :, 31 cl cl Ic; 1 ilii!.-J I, 31 cl~) "l cf; Wff
~:.~:. ~ c!>T !.161°1, ~ er;
t1C:jili,<1qaifcl,Fc't:, ~ : . 'c'1l'l1T q;'f !.It: IoI, 3TI'G"i-ll i\J Ic:; .-J
flA,1"'1111 itti1c11c;Fclxfc't:, mr- c!>T !.1!$101, l-ltl411 q;'f !.li'\101,
&111- (ui•I'\) fcl,fc't:, ~ - fi•i'lt1 ~ q;'f !.1!$101, ~ q;'f
fcl i! fc't :' 311 fr1 "l fq; ~ "1> fc1 '< fc't :, ll t: IoI, 1'!m" q;'f !.I t: IoI, 31 <1 cf> Ii! q;'f
31 c1 ~l "l 11-1.l li'..."111 fc1 i! fc't:, ~ffiSc'1l I' I:, !.161"1. -!j•lf.u q;'f !.lt:l"I. 'l'f'Er-
3fl c; 1 li'O Ic;1 fc1 i! fc't :, 'itJq 11fcl,fc't:. 4 '< 111 ~\ q;'f ll t: I oI, 'l-lTc1T ~ q;'f
aj ai'la I~ fc1 i! fc't:, ic'll I~ fc1 xfc't :, !.161 oI, '3"dl' 3ITTR cf; !.11.0 ' I c!>T
c1 ltl I~ fc1 i! fc't:, 31 <1ili li!I ~fclxfc't:, !.It: IoI, '3"dl' 3ITTR 4< 311 fi11 ~
~:. 7Rlq,:tl-J~lfcl,R'I:, q;'f !.It: IoI '<lT :tnF1 cfR'l q;'f
'i Ic-!l I~ fc1 ,fc't:, l-lt: I~I <l '1ldl~I <l.-J !.It: I01, 1:!<1> m ii ~ 3ITTR c!>T
fcl i! fc't :, 'ITT! fl f.'.-1 tj ~ I~ I<l .-J r>m err ~ ~ cf>i!.-JI, i3'fl' 4<
fc1 ,fc't :, t:«11 ~c/ildl Ifl .-J lei tli! 311 ffi .-J ~ '<lT :tnF1 q;'f !.It: IoI,
fcl '< fc't:, 'ITT! fl f.'.-1 tj ~I~ I<l .-J 1,zj err
filililc1-m q;'f llt:l"I. ffl cf
fcl, fa:, fc1 ili Ic1 It:li! fcl,fc't:, ffl-
rn er; m q;'f 11i::101. ~ -
i:"111 C: I.-J fcl,fc't, ~ -
q<i, fc't q;'f !.I t: IoI, !.I tl ftl ci-4 <i, fc't
Fcl , fc't :• !.I Aftl aRn1il c; 1.-i 1<'\ 31 Fil , fc't :.
~l<llUl"l"lle-t<l~-tjfc't I * ~arur
'3 ,1 cf> I
<ITT
'c'1l'l1T
m
~
m *
cf> i! 11
illG
TI1!:IT
JJI I If .il '< ~ \J ctfl fl fu~ -
~mt~i\~1
l-J jl'<.l-'t:'c'1l'T q;'f !.I t: IoI, "'11.-J c1 i! cf;
mTI f%'flT q;'f !,ll,I 0 1, ctrc ii T'T iAT1
The thirty-six precepts of a
111'fr-1.Jl,UT q;'f 'c'1l'l1T' ~- 't:'c'1lT novice monk- Refraining from:
q;'f !.161"1. 31C:ct'lli;I.-J q;'f !.161°1, Killing a human being, killing
ilillifrlUJl'tll'< q;'f llt:l"I. 'i"llc11C: Ii ving beings, using water
q;'f 'c'1l'l'T, f.m:rR ~ ii ~ q\t containing living beings, killing
f.'l .;-; I 1 ili i! .-J I, qj,fl qj,fl It: c ~ animals, taking whatever is not
591
Nineteen to FiftysOne
given, indulging in sexual "l~"l~ar 'SI c;·,i~·,ari· ·~111

misconduct, telling lies (about
superhuman attainments), 111~111~·~·fl&i~·~·f'-'iE"il'i'(J~'!S'!~'Qf
accusing a bhikkhu or novice "l~'f"'-~&!'Qi~· r.J'\. Q~i\. (J'~.~"'.'ii·
groundlessly of a defeat,
deprecating a bhikkhu or novice 'ii·Qt~·r.it•r*a111·r.i·,'li\\11
by insinuation, creating a
schism in the sailgha comn1u- ~ftt'lffi'{ ~4EI It_l,i; 'lf-1~ ll 1:-
~ ~ C:~llj~l~'Hl:
nity, following that faction,
disturbing the house-holders' ,i
!.l R1 >k<.11111 a !.l c'i1 <1> 14 c'i1 "'fcf-
~ ~c:8j~1a ·,i11f.'f1 I
faith, consciously telling lie,
making false accusa-tion as a ~4Ellt_l, <fi uctfHl, .;"[Of~ll-
favour to a friend, despising a ¥ ~ -.'i !,l R1 t1 (ffi) "'It\
saiigha steward, accusing a Nff! ~. 3ffi G'<i" 3l j~ I<.I) -.'i ~
monk of teaching Dharma for !.l R1 t1 ~ u1;,; 4 'Cl"< !.l ell i!i
material gain, accusing a 3l I4fh'll ~ ~ -.fi-.fi
bhikkhu groundlessly of com- .; ~\ '1 gll ffi ~ I i3<!n 'l{zj "if;
mitting a remainder, abandon- WITT 'Cl"< U ct-1"1 ;,i ffi ~ I
ing the precepts, accepting food Thirty-six objects of abandon-
that is more than one's share, ment within the Form Realm-
taking liquor, singing, dancing Since there is no anger in the
etc., playing musical instru- Fonn Realm. excluding anger
ments, wearing ornaments, related to the Four Noble
using perfumes, using aromatic Truths, it becmnes thirty-six in
scents, wearing garlands etc., each realn1. They are: nine
using luxurious seats and beds, re/a1ed to the trulh of suffering.
sleeping or sitting upon nine objects of abandonmeril
luxurious seats and beds, using relaled to the origin of' sujji:r-
thrones or beds higher than a ing, nine objecls of' abandon-
cubit in height, sleeping or menl rela1ed lo 1he trurh of
sitting upon thrones or beds cessalion and nine objecls of'
higher than a cubit in height. abandonment related to rhe
eating food after noon, trulh of'path).
accepting and keeping gold and
the like, maintaining a layman's "l&1·~~-~·~&1·ci·*a111 :;1,wc:·qf~,;a.
way of life, abandoning a
,{.J/'q'Q~')f o.\'i· i611j~''i'- :j"l'Q~'~ill·~,
monk's way of life and refusing
to request to one· s abbot. il·llli\~-r.i~·~&1·r.i1 ~ Q~A&! <.Jl "-~~·
.592
<iiC!j"-'"J '\'<lll.'~oJ'<I \ ~. ~z:::al '\'<lll.'~oJ'<I \ c;·z:.i·~'\'~'~oJ'<lj '\¥"'·ii'·

9~'~C!j'aJ'\'"11l.'~oJ'<I\ ~~'5JC."-'"J '\'"13.' a) '\. z:J1l..t·if ~ '\. {c.. z:J' ~ '\.&' ~oJ' ";,:-ll
~oJ'<I\ ~oJ"-' iS~'aJ'\'"13.' ~oJ·z:.ia:'11 ~fliffil 'I I' f "11-11 <1> Iii I:- 'ffj-
i; ll i/-lr!lffl 3fcl 3//ct,/'(f.~
,,,~·qff@1~·q·q5,r; a;''\'aJ'\'"13.'~oJ'<I\
q~1e1" 1• 11q, 1,::, 31-1 c1 R.:!1 a Ic/J ix:.
" .."'. cii ~ ._. '\"-'"'"'~"''z:.io: ~"'" I ... al·'\'\' ~ll"<'llc/JI<:, 31xl'llc/JI,:, 31~~1c/JI<:,
'
31111\',lc/JI<:, =-"~=· 3Hlfcll
31cfc'i~llc/JI<:,
z:.ia·~"'"! "t9 -1·"'~~·z:.i·a)'\·"aA"'"l c/Jl<~i-lffi I
~oJ·z:.i,;·aj·~cii·z:.i1l.· ~oJ'<lj C!]"\".r~·a) '\'"13.' J./JJf.R rll ffl i/-1 lf// c/5/i!/.~ 3!1ffe-
fi'l a Ic/J 1<:, i, '11 "<1 Ifiil c; Ic/J 1<:,
~oJ'<I \ <iiC!j"''<l'aJ '\'"13.'~oJ'<l;,:-ll ~ : . 314xl'1~1lc/JI<:, f.'rfcT-
c/Jc"llc/JI<:, :orn4l11c/J1<:. m -
!''!'"')f@'1~'t:/ff aJ'ljC!j'<l1'1'~oJ'<lj
q-, l<~i-lffi I
icii·z:i~"l'J:J1l.'~oJ'<lj { c.·z:.i1l.· ~oJ'<I \ !{:& ff rll ffl IJ3( ill et, I '{/.~
31f.1,l1tc/J1<:. ~:{!ltc/Jtx:. ~["l11c/Jtx:.
J:J'\C!j'"J '\'"13.' ~oJ'<lj i1Ja5~·~ '\'"J'\'"13.' ~oJ'
'ixtfR.11c/Jtx:. 3!<'!1H"llc/Jl<~i-lffi 1
";,:-ll ~ C/)s~110N1:-
31ui 1,11~1.--11a 1. <11ITT~.--11a1 ( ~ -
q.efflff't:Jff@'1~'<1'"1ff'§ If/ ~c.·{C.'<I'~'\' ~1.--11 a r). 3lUI 1<"-l <I IITT ~l.--11 a 1
~-~ilJ·z:.i1 s·{c.·z:.i·~'\·~-~"·"1 s·~c.·{c.· (3!Ui I<"-l <I f%EJ\~l.--11 d I). ~~re! d I
~l.--11 <11, '1 io I~l.--11 <11, ~0 ~.--11 <11,
<I'~'\·~· ~oJ'<lj { c.·z:.i· ~'\' { c.·z:.i·~ '\'i' ~ilJ' ti ,-4ta ~1.--11 a 1. 31 ti x-4t a ~1.--11 a 1.
"l ~°\·2i'·{c.·z:.i·~'\'~'~oJ'<lj 'j~''\ilJ'<I' 31..-ll "<1 ~.--11 <11, 3{ -1 cl' I '1 ~1.--11 <11,
31 '1 cl c/J Ix ~1.--11 <11, ~ cii ffi ~1.--11 <11,

"'~"''S"''{ c.·z:.i ~'\·i
{ c.·z:.i·~'\·i·~ilJ'"l
~-
31 j4 <'1' >-J ~l.--11 <11,
~lflOl~.--/1<11,
~-
~"."I "-~"''i!J'S"''{ c.·z:.i·~ '\'~AilJ'"l
~.--11 <11 'i-lff[ I
oJ£lC\'"I"' "-'\"-'z:J'{ C::'z:J'~ '\'~' ~oJ'<lj i 9· 9C'd'lf1 ~'l~l't-of,,i=1=-1~1<1>=1='1 (t<11-l1<1) :
oJ''\C.'£l'oJ'aJ '\'z:J' {c.·<!'~'\·~· ~oJ'z:J\ '\,;·z:i·

?i!f <1 II Hi'<! cl; 3llo 3ll</iR--
ql <1 xl, 11 c/J ix. 31'1 c1 R.:!1 a Iq-, rx.
a) '\'<I' { C.'<I'~'\·~· ~oJ'<I \ ,;c.·J:J~~- i c.·z:.i· ~ II"<'I Ic/J I( 3RPT 31 Ic/J I( 3ll;1l
311 c/J I( 3!',l'1, 31 Ic/J I, , cfc'i ~ r, f% <1
~'\'~'~oJ'z:Jj l"''£loJ"'' i5'\' { C.'z:J'~'\·~· 311 c/J r, '<1'211 3ff1"i'c[ 311 c/J Ix I
~oJ'z:Jj i
,;c.·~'oJi6~'~'\' C.'z:J'~ '\'~' ~oJ'z:J\ '1Trf Hi'<! cl; fiTff 3ll</iR--
314 Rrl a 3llc/Jlx, 18-~
593
311q,I,, 3WFf 3llq,I( 31q;:i,i~j Five aspects of the truth of

311 cj, I( f.'! fcl cj, 01 311 cj, I,!, 31m suffering- Aspect of imperma-
311 cj, 1, om 3RT'T 311 cj, i;: 1 nence, aspect of suffering,
j". "&{ ?Tc</ qi rlfrr ,3fTc/m---- 3l f.'! <'<1 aspect of emptiness, aspect of
311 q, I'<! , '.;:°@ 311 cj, I'<!, ;/f<I 311 cj, I'<! • selflessness and aspect of non-
~ "fR1 311 cj, i;: om 3,c;ie,ur characteristics.
311 cj, I'<! I
Sixteen aspects of the noble
f.'R'tE, ?Tc</ qi ?1)&1& 3/Jc/iN-
truth of cessation- The aspect of
internal emptiness, the aspect of
3lUI 1"1~"'-ld I, <l 181 ~["lid I,
external emptiness, the aspect of
( ~ ) , 3lUll"1<ll(U~"'-ldl
both internal and external
(3!Ui I"1<l f°5tJf~l"'-1 a I), ~["lid l- emptiness, the aspect of
~"'-1 a I, '1 § l~"'-ld I, q,,i 1cl~l"'-l a I, emptiness of the emptiness, the
fl ,-cfia ~l"'-1 a 1. 31 fl ~a ~l"'-1 a 1. aspect of emptiness of the great,
31,IFfl ~"lid I, 31 '1 cl '<!I~ ~l"'-1 d I, the aspect of emptiness of ulti-
31 '1 c1 cj, 1..: ~"'-1 a 1, McJt Rl ~l"'-1 a 1. mate phenomena, the aspect of
~' ~ai 0 1~l"'-ldl, the emptiness of compounded
31jYc'l'"-l~l"'-la1 om ~ - phenomena, the aspect of
~l"'-la I I emptiness of uncompounded
Thirty-six aspects of the path of phenomena, the aspect of
wisdom: Eight aspects of the emptiness of infinity, the aspect
origin of suffering- Aspect of of emptiness of that which has
turning away from desire, no beginning or end, the aspect
aspect of non-abidance, aspect of emptiness of non-repudia-
of peace, aspect of lack of tion, the aspect of emptiness of
desire, aspect of lack of hatred, own-nature, the aspect of
aspect of lack of close- emptiness of all phenomena, the
mindedness, aspect of lack of aspect of emptiness of own-
delusion and aspect of lack of characteristics, the aspect of
sentient beings. emptiness of non-apprehension
Seven aspects of the truth of the and the aspect of emptiness of
path- Immeasureable aspect, the lack of truly existent thing.
aspect of not being mixed with
the two extremes, inseparable ,~·i~·111~·i:i~·~~·'!i""·~·~·~111 ~I W
aspect, aspect of non-appre- ~a;,·a:f1 <i<l]~'<IJ fil'·ci1 '11 f.19 1~'QJ
hension of superiority, aspect of
i1 ,,c,·1 ~c:·1 &lf"J'&IJ &1ia;,·<11 .r1
unconceptual thought, aspect of
inconceiveability and aspect of &1£,;·ci1 Of<IJ afc:·11 ~'&IJ <!Jl~1
non-attachment.
594
'IN! 3/,1;'3/f ~OJ! OJf mucus, lymph, spittle, dirt,

Z::.>;'~<:IINf ~"1 3/~IN'<lf <:i')'i°if ~· brain, cerebral membrane,
rheum in the eyes and pus of the
~"'l 3JiEOJ'3Jf ~·31 1 !ll')'<lf !ll')'tlNf
ears.
~·a.ii ~'tjQIN'Q~IN'~ll
ffl '4-lPll'll: ~f,(~
31 ~TtFQ:- cITTT: ' 'W,: ' "R]": , ccfcl),, ~IN,:\°). <I'~ ,;."1 "\"1 £,;· Q':i°i'<I'~ ,;• "1 "\"1
:.!t
'TI,fqj,f1't, =l-jjrnf1~'t, ~ . 3lft~. ~ "IIN':\°)'<I'~,;."1"\"1 ~IN':\°) '<I'~ "-'"1"\"1'
"'fRl'r. l-lwll, (ei-;'1't, 1Jc!i, '<'l~li,1,
~:. '1c/if\, \:l<:;~'j. 3l~c;4't, <l~ll
~ . 31''<11"1:, 'i_-:11~1'1:, ~ . w,;·"i1·ffe::,·::,11 1~·<:1a.·~<:1·31 ·a1N·<1·
~ .. 31-'J:!. *:.
cR!T, '11,119,c:,
fi'15\'11'1't (-q'\q:), fi'1rnit, ~flc1,:, ~ai1N·Qa')'<lf a1N·<1·~a.i1N·~0J·Q1 ~·1~·
,-cl c; ~ oI:, c'!R'!T, lfc'fll,' l-l «1 et, l-l' , QQ,' ~IN' 31· a~. q·~a.ilN·~· Qa 1·<1,;·~ 'i' <1 f
l-l «1 et, cj' I 't, "c!a_i'""l-l~C'1~'t, "c/,UT-
fq :,\'1~ 't, I a IN''-1'~3/IN' Z::.'<:l~l! t
<l>fll' ~ 14 'll l-l I 'l u ctfl t1
31'{!Rl'1i- <ITTT, 'W1, 11~1. g·~,a;-&-,,,,·q·::,.f! "'1"i'<l1l.·~·o.~OJ'~·
<'i'fiTI, q';q,;g, l!IB, ~. 3lft~. ,,z::.·<11 ~ 31 1N'<IQ,'K"'~OJ·~·,,z::.·<11 <:if<i·
"'IB, l-l wl I, ~, 1Jc!l, '<-41 i, I,
GT\'!, 11 cJt f\, Ge, 3!')-c;-4, 31''<1 J1, 0.~IN·i~·o,~OJ'~'"IZ::.'<lf '\5\<Ill.'~'
31''<11"'· 'i_-:11~1'1, 'f.,, ~. ~ Q,~ OJ.~.,,z::.·<l~ll
q,-fl'll, tR"<f\, "1"Jq, cpl lwl, lfrcr.
~
fcrrn' ~ fl et,' El lj~ ~ ' "C'1"R' Jt;i' -<jt:!t;'C/'/ff ')')'<10.'')<:IZ::.'<lf Q~°i'O.~IN ;,;i'
..,.. C\ - -
l-l «1 et,, l-l «1 et, cj' I, "cf1l! cp[ 1wl

')<IZ::.'l:i'f :i"i'<11l.'')<IZ::.'l:i'f ~z::.:c:o.~"i·~·
TIQTI cp'['1 cflT lfrcr I
The thirty-six impurities exist in -
')<IZ::.';Q':"")!'')QZ::.'<10. ll -
one's body- Hair of the head, ft:1«lp!f 'i')''-11,_·(i:ilNf <:ig°i'O.~IN·~·
hair of the body, nails, skin,
lungs, flesh, blood, bones, (i:i~i :i"i'<lll.'{<:ilNf ~z::.:c:o.~°\·~·
nerves, marrow, heart, kidneys, 'W"~l .f11N'"-"'':ll'~QIN'IN!l
- ..... C\- -
spleen, teeth, liver, stomach,

5,·~t:1'lJJif'"11't:!Jif/ :i°i'<lf ~IN'>;<l''j'
abdomen, entrails, mesentery,
unnary bladder, unne, ~31·q,;·o,~'i'<lf i:if"i'O.~INf 'i"1"-'<1f
excrements, tears, sweat, fat,
~°\gZ::.INf ~z::.·?:o,~°\f <lljZ::.'{"IIN'~ff
mucus of the nose, pus, biles,
595
"""llffll'J'Q/3/''1/1 'Q/"7'Q@')I "'IC:. "i"1' <J<O; 'I/' i1 c; .-JI f'i ,~q ,<m'l, RI mf'i ,~q ~
am <iilf'i,~Y,<m'l 1
"l "'IC:'"i"l'<li.l.{'lj'<Jf "'IC:'"i"l'<Ji.l.'C:"j i/f\! flJ.1/cf/ J,//5/V/ 3ljc<J'.-J
"'le:·"i"l' <J,la,!!J· ioJ~C\ r "'1 c: ·"i"l'<Ji\.·C>.l°· '!),"1 I<1 'tC'1 cl>T Xi 'jcY I c; "iM"'l!,
13"1"1 cg~1<'1'ic'1 "ctt ~ "iM"'ll,
"r "'IC:'"i"l'<Ji.\.·i"'·" 1 "'IC:'"i"l'<Ji.\.·,ii'<lf 13 "1 "1 31 cg ~ I<'1 'i<'I cnT "f11T'T cITT"'lT
"'IC:'"i"l'<Ji.l.'~ C:'?. 'C>.'.("i' Q.;l!J'~l l am 3lj"1"1 3lcg~l<'i'ic'1 cITT
13"1"1 "'1 m tan I
ti'<1Gi~rc:.: ~=- i/N :5fi. U! q7 i; - l:P .,-; ?!i. f.& q Ic; ,
ilri11R Pjf9q-MJ.-tlf+- c!il<1'- Rict1?fif.&q1c;, . q"J1J?fif.&q1c; ~
~ . p,,
f'i,~q'(~, ~ ' l-fl 1-1 i'{i I?!i. l<i, q Ic; I
~'~ qfu $At 47- '>I~ f.'i; 11, cf1 ijf.i; 11,
'i!fi'r I ,"2,n f.'i: 11, ~ ~
i/ri17R fiJ.1/cf/J//J/Vnf.'I- 3f'Fl"- ~ $1 f.'i; 11 I
'"'1 l'i I <'g~1<'1'ic'11'11 fl~c<11c;:, qfu <I<'(- '>l<i, 1<1<'1, q"JIJ<!<'i, ~ -
13"1"1'11 mlffUTl'l,, 13"1"11'111-1- <!c'T, ~ am ~;,i1.rc11
'!),'<IC'111i t11-J\01j ll!ol"I'"\, fl7a </lEZiTT- ~ ' qi\-
3lj"1"1Hi g.-J,j"11c;~i1fc'I I ~ ' ~ ' ~ '
i!ri1N :5fi. Uf q7 ,n- l:P .,-; ?!i. f.& q Ic; , ~,~Tim
RI mMl% q Ic;:, q"J 4Mf.& q Ic;:, "'3"Cf~I
'1"1 1-1 ifl I?!i. f.& q Ic; ~ i1 fc'I I 3T!o 317<! lfl7f (3114fl>::filcplf/J0-
q'i/A;,;J!ul- .i,J<i,1111:, WTI<t:, fl R.l if>_ c;f&:' '{i R.l if>_ fl cb <"I,
cfllJf<i, ~:, ~ $11111: 'cl i:if.'i: 11'1 I '(1 "'I et> cfTCF, ,1 "'I et> cb 1-J I'f1,
' ' '
rftr <1c1!R- 'll"<!,T, fll-11~:, 414'1, ~fl~R.J=,I~1"1"'ft=c1, fl R.l if>_ c2.l I11 II-J, fl 1-!1 <ft
~ , ~$11111: 'cl i;f.'i:11'1 I ~ am flR.li!>_ *11-11~ 1
flTf[ ~- s-,"
~ T"l"'
IIT,,....T
,-, ,,
I
Thirty-seven harmonious dhar-
~~ ,, ,, mas to enlightenment: Four
~~ ,, ,, close contemplations- Close
~,, "'3"Cf~- contemplation of body, close
fi'rfTI I contemplation of feelings, close
3//2f(l>::J/1J c/j If/ q'.·- contemplation of mind and
,i R.l •,icb c'Y:, flR.l if>_ cl Iif>_, ,iR.l if>_ close contemplation of dharma.
~t=
cbl-1 "1:, flR.l•ll"11cl:, " flR.l'c2.11111'1:, Four thorough abandonments-
f1 R.l cb '(-l-1 Fc'i :, f1 R.l cb ,i 1-1 I~ I Making effort in generating
' < ' virtues that have not yet been
~cl'Rf ~ Ef'f : i/N
arisen, increasing of virtues that
have been arisen, abandonment
596
of non-generation of non-virtues
that have not yet been arisen
and abandonment of non-virtues
that have been arisen. Cl.\'\''l.Ep.'CJJ .!J''IN'tJrl_·ai·~9 'l.f"-'ai·
Four limbs of miracles-
Miracles of aspiration, miracles ~d\·?r,i1 ~"-'';l'~d\'q·i1 CJid\'3l'l;_d\?;j'·
of thought, miracles of effort ............ .......~
and miracles of analysis. i1 ld\·q~d\·?i'·i1 /JIC:'tJ'",<3\'tJ'o, 1 t\'
Five mental faculties- Power of aJf9·~d\·2i·i 1 '\"l'l]''\qd\'~d\·?;j' i 1
faith, power of effort, power of
mindfulness, power of lll~"--id\·?Jr.\·1aaJ·<11 ~9·<1·aJ1 "'?sc: CJ'aJJ
meditative concentration and
power of wisdom. ~.!JJ 9"-'.!JJ .:i·iflljaJJ CJ'.:\9't11N.!Jj
Five forces- Forces of faith, ~C:'ll]INOJ'i!Jj ~'<I,CJ'i!Jj ~'i!Jj ,ij'CJJ ~d\'
forces of effort, forces of mind-
1r,irl_·9'.:\91N j ~ll]IN'OJ IN' ~.!J't/",' !OJ'CJrl_·
fulness, forces of meditative
concentration and forces of tOJ'.!J il5d\'CJillN. 'n
wisdom.
fc1iJ. <•Pl a-ii <'I ,f!l tt qj Giw;: l{.\ifl-
Seven limbs of enlightenment- ~ &11 fil 1- '!j~<>44a, 'i4fc1<g,
Mindfulness, discriminative '-'l''t,.tfl'1' 31q, flc:.-f111: '
=r;f'rn: 1 0rn,c1><i:
..;:, '
awareness, effort, joy, supple- ~:. ~ : . ~ : . 314-lill'l,:,
ness, concentration and equani- men:, 0rn,1-J~o1:, 0rn,cg<i:,
mity c1>1,c1:, '1M44a:, cl>C'Yqlll,
Eight fold noble paths- Right ~ : . 3l~'<:'.'l'>*1C'l'j, ilil>-IM'j,
view, right thought, right 'lful,M'l, '11~1,M'l, qR011<1c1>-
' '
speech, right action, right ~,, gffi-1,M'l,' 3l~cl'1M'l,'
livelihood, right effort, right '1MfH14fa:, ~~-' C'll'{-,!.11
0
~- 1-JIC'll~ci 1, •fta1<ci1, = 1=,11~1<~ci.,.l
mindfulness and right concen- 0
'.-)."-ll~Cil, l{Yl<ci 1, cflq1<41.
tration.
'.ff"~. xF:, ~:. <Millicl'j,
111~"I'tlN' "'~·&1i\1!:1N·.iri:r~d\I ~a_·!OJ'2i· fc1v1<1iciv1~i1R'I I
fcliJ."<'1" 'i D,l;<'I ~ ~cfrn lJ_\ifT-
~'",CJ\ -!j"-'';jlN'Cl.tJll]IN'2Jj f'l.l(aJ'';\'~C:'j
,ft I'I ftJ "lli - ~ -c:rcl-a", 'i4 fc1 < g,
~CJ'CJ'/JIC:'j'\J sc:·~·3)·~°1\ ';jlNj ';!IN ~---"~~

v1Rf1c;l4, 31q,,nc:•fl<1, ' " 0rn,cg<>.
~. ~ - ~ . 314,ill'l( 'filol,
Cl.tJll]IN I i;,'ll]"'ICJ I i;,'ll]"'ICJ'9"\d\ I 9ilf· 0rn,'l~"I. 0rn,cg<i, ili1,c1.
597
~
~ - lf>,i<'l, ilw,M, l-lflll,M,
~ . qR011lli!>,M, ioR-cNM,
.
31~cNM, i/M'1'11qffi, ~ . ~
<'llflll- ~. l-Jl<'ll~.-11. ·~ctl~41.

1,1.11~.-11. 9.N.1~41. iri1~cn.
!9~·mc;·1 i~·f,;·, ;f~·si9~1 isr~·
<,l4i~cJl. ~ . ~. tj.-i;;l-JJ. <llj"i'<i' "'~~·<:J"lc;·1 ara:,-'i"\·;{~1 ~s·ir
, M iU -:1 <lWf fc1 "1 ll c2!'sf I
~~1 UJ"i''i"i'Z{~, ~~·~1 l~<:Ji;J1
The thirty-seven offerings of
Long MaJJdala- Mt. Meru, the
Eastern continent, the Southern
c,)·~~·~c;·?.J1 ~'<:!'"-'' ~~<if·~,
continent, the Western ~i;~·t~'<:J!i;~, ol9~·~"i'"-S~I
continent, the Northern a.Jl9·~~1 ~·~·~, ~,;·~c;·, .ij'<l''llll\~'
continent, South of eastern
continent, North of eastern <1\ ~<>i'<l''iJI ~9<>.·iS'1 i~·"'ll!Jl ~:ll'
continent, West of southern
continent, East of southern ai·~, i<l·~~·s"i1 Z{~·s~·~<ll i;i; ~oi·
continent, North of western <:J"lc;·?;1 "'i·<11:\·~1 r~·J<ll ~~~~·
continent, South of western
continent, East of northern ~~·l!J~<lil ~ a,J'~~''-11 '4'f"l'<:J~~·i11
continent, West of northern
continent, Jewel Mountain, ~
Wish-Fulfilling Tree, Wish- l.l'llblll<II:- '11'1hi!•i:, '11•11~cJ~:.
Granting Cow, uncultivated 3ll4~c1:, 3ffi1T:, cJ':i~~:. 3114~,.
harvest, precious wheel, 3l~cJ£jJ~:. Fc;,s·'11'1:, ti441C'i:,
'
precious jewel, precious queen, ~:. fu.wm'r:, ~:.
prec10us minister, precious 'J." I~'If:, cJ ':ifi'l -:1:, 'J." I~ fa:,
elephant, precious horse, ~llcfll'.j,f;a:, ~tj;.,;;gf;a:, ;,,11•14,
~ '" p..,
precious general, vase of ~11"'(1~1<:-1\"r, il;.;;;•n'll. '.l,<i.411<'1a:.
inexhaustible treasure, goddess ~: (>11c1fc1tjif> ). c1,~Ri:.
of beauty, goddess of garland, q Ifll If.'I :, 4d"1 fc;i :, tj .-i;; ili1 R\ ,
goddess of song, goddess of Fc1 on a~ c1 :. "1'""G:. 1,11n m,:.
dance, goddess of flower, ~llcfllfi'l-:1:, $11'1<;rn:, ,Plli/,iiRJl';l;:,
goddess of incense, goddess of ~:. ~i;,;;,~-1:, t14-;11a:,
light, goddess of perfume, Sun,
fc1~1~fil-:1:, ,fc1'.),«1:, ~ I
Moon, precious parasol and the
victory banner.
aR;"c!Rr 'l<f 'Jj I it dhi "q l""l I~
'11'11'1'1, '11'1l!l_cJll, 3ll4~cJ. ffl,
598
cl{j~~ 3114~~. ' Fc\"'11•1, f<>l~'l~l!]~'tJ'i,J~"i'tJ . Q~1 ~QC:,' .

tllJ4lc'1, 1'11Jcl:>~Rf, ~S!l,'lR1,
<>ll°l!j'~i,J"i'&J~"i't1&· i QI!<\ ~i,J~'ii~')'
~ . j"IQ'"!, ci{jrl-:( 'J"l'lf21,
~ 11 cl'<1 ~f.l:;, ~ ~ "<; '.J,f.l::, $11 '1' I>-f, "'~·Qa'QJi,J'QJ'i,J~"i'tJ&·(Q~1 Q~i,J·
~ . tj"i;llll=J\ §;l,41~ci,
1'fcLT (-.i1c1Fc1~c1>), q../'()Rl, q1fo1f.1, 91i "i. ~i,J' ~"" -~ "''"-~"i'i &l~'"-~9· ~"1~.
4d"1~, il"<;cfilRf:, Fc1.fla~cJ, i,J~ "i't1&·{Q~1 f "i'~'l!]"i~·i~' (!':i"i'tJ'
1
~ . tl'il<'ci,, ~llcfllrl?!, $11'1<';<'<1,

w-1 I cl>, ff1 f.l:;, mwn:-, i{ ~ ~1 '1, &J~ "i·t1&· f Q~ I 'l'!j't1''l~·t1·i,J~"i'tJ&·
\c.llJ?( lci, Fc1~'1q rl ?!, , fc1 :!4-1 <1l1:fT {Q~ I "-i 'CJ""-?.i·CJ·~c:_· ~-CJ·&l~ "i·t1&·
~I
Thirty-eight early Indian {CJ~·~11
abbots- Nagarjuna, Nagahvaya,
Aryadeva, Asanga, Vasuban-
dhu, Aryasiira, Asvagho~a, CJ"'-'"\QJ'~ ~-CJ~ '!l't1'<>J'El·"-~9 ~-t1 I ~"' ~-
Dinnaga, Dharmapala, Dharma- t1· ':!"i' ",i&J'il!j~.CJ"'-. "\ilJ' ~~.CJ~ ~-CJ'QJ'.:).
kirti, Sthiramati, Sanghabhadra,
Gm;1aprabha, Vasumitra, Gut).a- "-~l!j~'tll CJ"'-' )'9~\tJ&'i~-CJ~"i'CJ'QJ'
mati, Sakyabuddhi, Devendra-
,:i, "-~ 9~·tJ I ?_ ~·t1"" '"'§ "-, CJ&'<>Ji,J' CJ ~"i· tJ'
buddhi, Jiianagarbha, Santa-
rak~ita, Candragomi, Buddha- QJ'.:)·~9~·t1ii11
palita, Bhavya (Bhavaviveka),
ififtJJt:. ''jlf/'&/q'flff''l'l:Jqf t~· ~-~._.
Vararuci, Pru;iini, Pataiijali,
Candrakirti, Vinitadeva, Nanda,
Dharrnottara, Sakyamitra,
~9''ll ?_ ~·£'9·~· ~"'-'"'1C:,'~9't1"'-' ~9·t11
Jiianadatta, Prabhakarasiddhi,
SI!abhadra, DarhsJ:rasena, ,rCJ~'CJ'CJil~'~-of "-1 C:,.~l!j'CJ"'-'~9·CJ~! I
Dharrnatrata, Vise~amitra,
,;;·c,,s~·,;t:,;ft:,@'i1 9 ~-~QJ·CJ·~1·t11
Ravigupta and Bhavabha[t3.
~r:;~s~i1,'61r:;wuJ,ztq-.r8J'r.r«f'i'S 9",i"-'"J'il.-i·~ ~·t11 :i"i't1'~i,J~·t1·~ \t1 I
(t:,~'l:J:§f 9"i ~- ~ c:_· 9"i~'&J' &l"i 'tJ' i,J~ "i, ~9~'/lJ'i,J~i,J'tJ"'-'&J'CJ"\'!j'tJ'~ 1·t11 ~-~~
tJ&· { Q~ 1 <>J•,r~·~i,J'tJ"'-' ~"i'tJ'i,J~ "i'tla' tJ&'"-)'~~-~ ~·t1 I i,J'Q~9~·t1&·Q1"-'
(Q~l &!~'tJ'~'l°l!j~'tJ'i,J~"i'tJ&·fQ~l i i,J~·El·&JC:,"'.CJ'~ ·I~·tJ~·CJ i ~·tJ -~cri

599
~
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19-36 3/dN& 3//iJfUJcp paths leading to goals, know-

cl~ er; q;-m lf G11l 'Tift 6lffi ledge of meditative stablization,
t. ~ lf <fii c1 Ii, c1 'Tift 6lffi t_ emancipation, concentration and
fcl 'flt fc1 'Tift mcft t. 3H-l '1 If"& <'1 others' affliction and non-
furn 'Tift 6lffi t. fc!fcm ~ contamination, knowledge of
'Tift M t. 31!.1fc1fi{,«11-Bl'tm recollecting past lives, know-
'Tift M t. qRf&a U"G 'Tift ledge of the extinction of
contamin<1tion and knowledge
6lffi t (U"G cf\'\ 5lf.'r 'Tift M of death transmigration and
t). qRf&a cfrd 'Tift M t (cfrd birth.
cf\'\ 5lf.'r m M t). qRf%a Four fearlessnesses- Fearless-
~ 'Tift M t (~ cf\'\ 5lf.'r ness with respect to the
'Tift M t). qRf&a fl111~ 'Tift assertion of being completely
M t (,-H lj I~ qi') 5lf.'r 'Tift M and perfectly enlightened,
t). qRf&a ~ 'Tift M t (~ fearlessness with respect to
cf\'\ ~ 'Tift M t). q RF& a asserting that the negativities
Fcl '.l,Rffi 'Tift M t (Fcl '.l,Rffi cf\'\ have been extinguished, fear-
~ 'Tift M t). $11'1'i4 111fi'l- lessness with respect to
$11ai1 j4 R~ f&-l <I\ Ifl1 <I\ cpl'j, "$1Fl- asserting that the obstructions
'i4' I Ifi'I $11 '1 I j4 R~Pca ,11 Rlc1> cp!'\, are to be ceased and fear-
"$1Fl- lessness with respect to the
'i4'114'1 $11'1 I j4 R~Pca -<l l?t1 c1>cf>4, engagement into the path of
3@1c[ "cf>T 3ffi1T 1;ci 31 !.I Fc1 i, (1 renunciation.
Four specific perfect under-
"$1Fl, 31 '1 I' Ici "cf>T 3ffi1T 1;ci
standings- Specific perfect
31 !.I fc1 i, ci "$1Fl cl2TT cH1 '1 I'1 "cl>T
understanding of Dharma,
3ffi1T 1;ci 31 !.I Fc1 g ci "$1"R I specific perfect understanding
37-39 ~ 311cl>I~ cf~-m. of meaning, specific perfect'
~-m c!2TT ~-311cl>I~ I understanding of definite words
Thirty nine extra-ordinary and specific perfect
qualities of an Omniscient understanding of confidence.
One: Ten powers- Knowledge Eighteen unshared qualities-
of right and wrong places, Possessing unmistaken bodily
knowledge of actions and their qualities, not ·possessing uncon-
fruitions, knowledge of various trolled speech, possessing
constituents, knowledge of undeclining memory, constant
varieties of inclination, know- abidance in meditative equi-
ledge of superior and inferior poise, not having the various
faculties, knowledge of the discriminations, not possessing
601
discriminative equan1m1ty, i'l<'<lrR·:tra, R.rrntill~if<iti~r ,1:-

possessing undeclining aspira- 8c;-11. "ffi'IT. '<1a-11. U""G:. m:.
tion, possessing undeclining i:m'r:, ~:, 'i'1f<'li 1,:, 3lfu,na,:,
effort, possessing undeclining +1111~:. ~ . 31~111C::, ~ :
mindfulness, possessing undec- (J;1.o,ifu: ), '31'ta,r, t1° , 31 Y-;i I"1'J.,
lining meditative concentration, 3J<'ITl'r:, ~:, 31(%+11, ~ . ~:.
possessing undeclining wisdom, >ll'!Ti;: , il>l ffl tP'!, 31l'~I <i._ '-Pj,
possessing undeclining libera-
*"'-1 I'111, 31~ <i, ,'-111, 311 ii;) cfl.111,
tion, virtuous activity of body, ' ' '
31~.-i~q~-;1~1c,i~'J. (31 '1 q -;i q I), ~,
virtuous activity of speech,
\CJY"1115:, ~llcl'-11-1, ~ . ~~1t1·
virtuous activity of mind,
(~ c; I~I:), "!!&1:,
' ' ""''
~111~'*1,...4.....,'J. (11'*1 ,:),
unobstructed and detached
wisdom concerning the past, "'lTm, lJ"c:":, fc1 f% f1 I, fc1 dill ,
unobstructed and detached fc1"!1,~'<1fi1 I
wisdom concerning the future <11 <>1"1 'ti R.! rn tiY~ if<1 ti~ lx-
and unobstructed and detached 8 c; '11, "ffi'IT. 'i1d'11, U""G, ~ .
wisdom concerning the present. i:m'r, ~. 11'1f<'lilx (11'1Ric/Jix),
Three aspects of thatness- ~ . +1111~. ~ . 31~111<;,
Aspect of thatness, aspect of ~'<l~. '3l'tan, c1wi1, 31q-;11cii,
self-arisal and aspect of the 3J<'ITl'r, ~. 31 f% f1 I, clt,:j, 3l"ITT'l,
Buddha himself. >ll'!Ti;, il>lfl~"-1. 31~. '(-c-,'111,
flgi11r1i:::·gi~i:;l!fr,p:;~ ·r.ia·<1,~·s1·i::i~·i::iil 3il <il c'l.1, 31 c'I W1 I, 31 '1 q -;I IQ1, wlt!,
'3Y'115, ~ll<'l,ll, ~ . ~c;l~I. "!!&1,
at,,,.<1 1 a.~·~~ 1 il<>J~'<J\ a.~"i''-J\ :._llr
111 ffl 4, "'lTm, lJ"c:", fc1 f% f1 I, fc1 f1 ill
<J\ ,~~1 :i"i'<J\ cll·\"1'~'\<J\ .r~'<J\ Tim fc1 ii Ix I
~i:::·c.·~"il '\'\'<JJ <19·uf11 ~··i's"~! Forty mental concomitant
factors- Feelings, discrimina-
<iljE;'{<>l~\ ~$~~''-J\ ~"l'Ul'\'<J\ "l' tion, intention, wish, touch,
a;9~·<J1 al·~i:;'<i\ al·a.~·i::i1 <1l-3i' intelligence, mindfulness, atten-
tion, aspiration, meditative
Q,~~1 &JE;~'<J\ <19·al'\'<J\ iil·af1 "l' concentration, faith, conscien-
'\'\'<J\ ~9~''-J\ ~'\'<J\ ~.$''al'\'<J\ tiousness, pli<!Ilcy, equanimity,
shame, embarrassment, non-
~ <>1·al '\'<J\ ~·<11 "f'l\·a.~'l\I 9a:i'·<11 attachment, non-hatred, non-
~9·\9 a.l9·<J1 a.a;<i'<J\ il"·~r ~I violence, effort, ignorance, lack
of conscientim.;sness, laziness,
®.9~''-J[ ~"l'<J"-''l.~'<lj {9''-J\ '\~'\'<J' non-faith, sluggishness, agita-
<1;s~·'11 tion, shamelessness, non-embar-
602
rassment, anger, malice, deceit, ., .-c; q,: , '1 f.'G ii>: , 'l "r....· I'1 I•1: ' T'r.'?.':
~ ., '
"' .
jealousy, resentment, conceal- fi'rtil: '3 q fa lSll: ' il>l fc;i a: ' "3"Q-
ment, miserliness, dishonesty, ii<<'"lc/>l~l.14:, ___,~-~.
'1c<lc/>l~llq:, 'Tl.lT-
haughtiness, harmfulness, rough t/il~llq:, •1<11A1fa:, 'iff'll:, Z:JqfH:,
investigation and analysis. 'i-sq aQ.Jcf>:, 'l i', Iq aQ.Jcfi:, W' oIcfil' cl -"'
,11·l~·Q~''l!'~·~·&lc:.·1 ':J"i'~~·ilri6f' ~=. Z:Jc;lll -lj"G,"l"G:.

, ' " I:, <joll§.:, \:ll;l'-1"1:,
',flOlcfilC:lc/>U
- C,.,,C'\ ~ ;;:,
~"' r "'"i' tii:. ~ r ~ ·"o.· !:!r o,J "i' 9"I'~·!:!r ~ : . '341fc:I:, 'li',li1>1f0c'I:,
<l'l;<>r. <ilf<l,c1Pic1>:. ,-c11•1a:.
"11i "'a.' s·:i '\'<I[ "i:r<>.s"r ~o,J ~ '<J8.' !:!'
'li',l~u11qR,: ,nain. 'lllll~cJl.
'
9c:.·?:ir ~·ti"lf o,J'"-99~·<Jr ;i·9.;11· ~. TJTCIT, '3<"1<1<'101\.
t11-1\f<l;,:i~i1RI I
"-~"ir 111·'\9"-·i:fr 'i9"'·2fr '\9"-'S'ir ~ a I d'l t1 fl'I f.'11'.1 JSJ 1<1 <1> 311 $11 a -
'\9"-'ili''j[ &:ic:.·i"i[ 1"1'5'\[ ~"'!"I[ cb"lftl-s0-11. c1>1~llq, ~11R9,:1. ~ -
c'lllll-19,:1. 'li',lcl>l,llll.1'1, ~ .
l!"I[ <JC:.'"i~·a~r ~C:.'!~·q\~c:.~r g_o\4:11lluft9,:1, 3l~<1fuia. ~ .
~·:iic:.·q\~c:.~r 9·"'·q\~c:.~1 .i·"lc:.· , I§.c'I . 3l I'1 re; , "'f"G, '1 re; ii> ,
'1 f.',; ii>, 'i 51 'i I'1, ~. fi'rtil,
<l'\9 a)c:.~·<Jr l~ r "13,J":S'l'<l".1111 Z:JqRl"-1, ctilfc:la. Z:J'(if.16<l1i1>1~l.lY,
"lc<"1il>l~llq, 'llllil>l~llq, •1c1iqRI,
"13,J':i'\''l",j'\ r ~Q~'l·a~·s·.i·~'tl'<J[
'ifTBl, '3 q fl '1, '1-s q aQ.Jcfi, 'l i', Iq ~ ,
,,_~,,·11 o,J~~·'\9"-r gj'·.i~11·a~·~·.i·s· ''"Pi
W"lcfilc:ll'i~I. "
'3<;1.(1, <j"Gx'1"G,
, ,
mu1cfilc:lil>".
~ I ~<ii§. '3i::lll"I •
.i·~r "19'<l'lc:.·r 'lj9'J'i·~·sr o,J~~·
~ . '3q1fc;i, 'liolcb"lrac'I,
.i.c:.·r ~·.i,;·"-F"l 9~•.r?:i·:ir .i·1· q'!;c1, <ilf<l,c1f.'lc1>, Nl'ld,
'lt,rnu11qRI, •Aa'1l 'l1ll1~cfl.
"1"-3,J·l::"~·~· 9"19 ~ c:.· ~c:.· '19~'<J r
~ . TJTCIT, '3cllc'l<'l"II c,:m
iil9~·q°c:.~r a·'i~a.·.i'\9·.f·i"i·.r·~i\· t1 ,jf<l i'l I
The name of forty-five different
~ r l.r'l"-~"l·o,Jr si9~·"-~111 ~·"-.l· Sravakas- Ajiiatakaur:u;tinya,
o,Jr ~lj<J"la.·3,J\9 ~~·~~·s11·.i.;~·.:r11 Kasypa, Sariputra, Maudgalya-
' yanaputra, Mahakatyiiyana,
q·-q-q <''11 'l I f.! Subhuti, Pun:iamaitrayai:irputra,
3ll$11acb"lftl-s0-11:. c1>1~ll4:, ~11R9,:1:. Asvajit, Aniruddha, Ra.hula,
tjj <{' Ic'll Ill '19,:1:, '151 C/J I,'-11 '-1 'i:, Ananda, Nanda, Nandaka,
~ : . <r114:11l.lu\19,:1:, 31~c1fuia,, Nandika, Mahanii.rna, Cunda,
31f.'i'{,<fl:. ,1§:c'I:, 3ll"l"G:, "'f"G:, Ti~ya, Upati~ya, Kolita, Urubil-
603
bakasypa, Nadikasypa, Gaya- ' c:ix_·"'il;·c:i1

kasyapa, Gavampati, B~pa,
Upasena, Cii<;lapanthaka, Maha-
c:i·c:i;,;~·~11
panthaka, Srm:iako!ivinsa, lff"f'f'W"' ''1$'jf- {9·r.i1 -§1·~1
Udayi, Sundarananda, Srol)ako-
!ikafl)a, Subahu, Udrayal)a, "'~\<11 "l~"il ~·c:i1 a;cii~·r.i1 t;'~"ll
Laval)abhadrika, Upali, Maha-
il·tai·c:i;,;~·~11 .
kau~[hila, Vakula, Khadira-
val_lika, Svagata, Maha- 'fcik-c11R~1a ~c'll'T:- c;i?!Rlm-
, '
prajapati, Gaiitami, Mayadevi, 1/fact,7: l:Fff:- '1 c;.-J 1, ~ - ~ .
Yasodhara, Gopa, Utpalavafl)ii
and Dharmiididya.
m= , ~~:
1-1'1%1,: , ~ : , Vll'-1:2,.1"1\I,
'flJftr:. fl'il~:. m '<'I I
4!&1"1'~"'·r:i~·r:ii·~·a"l iJ&118'3'«1·.;.;,;·"sf- if'W cjji?li'l'ft:71/fact,/:- -%ITT.
31~1-11c::. ~-a~: (>1~:), iJC\an,
t,;,:q "')·~~1 41&1"1''11 ~9·r.i1 cl:l1· ft:. 3Jq-;ll"1't (31q-,iq1), 3RJ11:,
"l's1·r.i1 "')"i·r.i1 af"1·r.i1 ~"i·r.i1 ~,_,?_· $:. 3lf%fll, cfn:I '<'I I
rrc; lf&lc/ili?l1/fact,/. El'Tf:-
"'~"il ~"1'"-'l'Qll 3lT~ <i.. '-l 't' c/J') ff) tJ 't, 3Wlw,
1iif·::,qww,;·t:1sf- "i'\''11 c:i9·tlf11 f<'<.11'1'1, 3!l<l',,'-l'1, ~'ilc;~i-1 I
' '
tit 3/cjji?li'/1/fact,} Eflit- 3ll~cfll~
~"i'JC:~1 <l1j"-'{&1~1 (a,'·~~·c:i1 ~"l' 3J.-Jq-;i1'4 (31.-Jq-;iq1) '<'I I
if'W q.firr1ctili?11/fa01~ wlt,l:,
tlf1·r.i1 "'~\a;9~·il\r.i1 ~-'ll'."-'il1·r.i1
]a&,:, '11cti4't. tim. . ll'c;Rl:
El 'C\:i°' c:i 1 c:i l "i."'~"1'r:i '5"1'~1 (~ c; 1~1:), fc1f%fl I, >3q.-J 1t,:, ~I li:i<1~,
llrm. 'ic;~~fa I
(o;·if:. l!J·J,rlfq ·«1·.;.;,;'§,,, _ ai· "i"i. c:i 1
~ 31f.'121m· Fc1 t1 c/5:, fct'c!R:.
a:i·af1 &J<;~·r.i1 ~9~·r.i1 (1·c:i1 <IJ:!j' c/J') ctt ,;q 'i' f.'rs:1. ~:' '11T:' 'i'T"l:'
fc1 Ri Fil,ct1 I i® I
&l\'1'<:l;s~·~1 1 loll I cl) '(-t ~<'ll : if"f{ ffrm-
IJ·'jiij"lqww,;·"lf«If- (, <F&l 1·c:i1 1lfac/i ~ c; '11,
fFf- 'fiw. ffl,
~"l-il\c:i·c:i;,;~·~1 I
m. 1-1'1%1, (1-1.-Jltic/>1'1). u,,:,
~ - 'flJftr, fl'il~ d~ >!ml
fo;-ik.18·1,; ·5q·18·.;.;,;"'sf- ~- c:i I if"f{ cjj~i'I ~ - ~-
3JQ'11c;, >1~. ctm. ~-
C\d;<:1'<11 o)x_·11 ~9-~9 C\l9·c:i1 ~&I' 31q-,i1c,i (31q-,iq1), 3RT'T, 31811.
3l f% fl I d2TT cfT4 I
604
FP ~ 3l~, Eight indefinite levels of

et,'] ,-fl '11 (311 c'l {-<l ), 3l fc1 '111, ,--i.iI'1, thought- Rough invesJigation,
3f1<t,,i.l q~ ~ I subtle investigation, regret,
"if!- ~ El'f- 311 i!.i cfll sleep, anger, attachment, pride
~ 3l'1q':illll.1 (ai'1q':ilq1) I and indecisive mind.
~ q.flrr1 ~ wTQ, RITT,
'11ctil!. ~ . ~C:l~I (~C:1~1),
.il&Jl!l·'\'-'&Jo("l!l'<p,.. ~-~-"'~·s'\·~q~·:-
fclffi+JI, s3q.-i1~. ~llcl'-1, lf[[f[ ~ 111~111 ~'ll'CJI c!l1·o.i·s1·CJ1 ,l',;i:i1 'I.~·
'
.:re; I
~llll ~&Jl!l'CJJ 'l.~i\-CJI .:il!l'CJJ :ii\'CJI
J!To 31R2la- Fclac!i, Fcliil{,
"'1 if)_,'-1 ' f.'rsn, wTQ, '1'T' '!R ~r:;·?:'l.~i\l ~l!l·,;i:i1 '\'\'CJI fa;·~l!l'CJI
"('[~ fc1 f£1 fcl,ffi I I
~o.i·or1·CJ1 '"'lllll'CJ'3l'\'CJI ~-~r:3l'\'CJI
Forty-six mental factors: The
ten main bases of mental 'll~'ij!!]'3l'\'CJI i:ifi\·'l.~llll ~i\·gr:;l!ll
factors- Feelings, discrimina-
tion, intention, contact, mental i:i9·or11 i:i;;i:;·f&lllll ~&J'CJ"'·El·'l.~·i:i1
engagement, aspiration, belief,
'l.~'\·a;91!l1 f'-'~I r:;·®o.it 5J·~9·CJ1
mindfulness, concentration and
knowledge. \l/''ll ,i·.i'SJ1 ~·i:i1 'l.fi\''l.~i\l 'l,d;<l'CJJ
Ten bases of virtuous mental
factors- Faith, conscientious- C1.£"9·CJ1 ~9-~9 ~,;·~1 11 9cJfi:i1
ness, suppleness, equanimity, ®'lllll'CJI ~5J·CJ,;''l,~·i:i1 (-a;3l'\''ll
shame, embarrassment, lacking
attachment, lacking hatred, ~o.i·3l\CJI ~911l'CJI ~'\'CJI &l''\'\''ll
harmless to others and effort.
Six bases of big ajjlictions- ai ·af1 i:i9 3l\CJJ i:it, \C. lll'CJI ~&J'CJ"''
Lacking faith, laziness, mean-
111ci:Ji;·i:i1 ~l!l·i:i~i\'&l c!l"i'CJI 'I.~'\'CJ I
mindedness, sloth, agitation and
unconscientiousness. "l~'\I ~'ll'CJI '\~'\·CJq°II
Two bases of big non-virtuous
mental factors- Shamelessness ~ill~ I <1, f£1 ctFlP',l 1_!<fd'T:
and non-embarrassment. 'a f I, 1:- ~:, '1 '1 ·{' 1•,::
Ten mental attitudes of the ('1'1fficj,I{:), ~C:'11, mIT, i1c'1'11,
minor delusions- Anger, con- = :,
lY' "-\ 3J1u.ne:r: , =R,:
'\ ~c!_ L\ 1 , +l'illu: ,
cealment, miserliness, jealousy, J;!W, ~. ~:, 3l4'511ll.1't
spite, harmfulness, resentment, (31q-51q1), 3lc'fl'lf:, $:, 3f"IIB:,
dissimulation, deceit and haugh- c114'j, ,1'~: (~'<1f&r:), 3l~'11C::,
tiness. i3"'11ITT, 3l ffi +l 1, '1'1:, ~ fa El:, '!R:,
605
31 fc1 tl I, ~:, fc1 fi1 fcl, <"HI, ffl:, pride, ignorance, view, doubt,
,;Jq.-J1tc::, 1alH:, qc;h!i: (qc;1~1:), anger, resentment, concealment,
~ . '1 l<"Hil't ('1<"H•t), 1iTITI, spite, jealousy, miserliness,
~lldll'1, "li'"c;:, Fc1f%t11, 311><..\1cfll'1, deceit, dissimulation, haughti-
' '
31.-Jq~IQJ'\ (31'1q~q1), -k'lll'i'\,
" '
ness, harmfulness, shameless-
31'1 <fi ,lJ '1,
'
3lT~ 2 lJ '1,
~ '
i/>1 fll \'.I '1' ness, non-embarrassment,
(31~1C'l~f'l~'\), >f'iTc;:, jr1 c1 '"l_ fc'I c1 I, lethargy, excitement, faithless-
fctm:, 31 ti. q "1 "11'1,' i/,) c1,,11'1,
C ' ness, laziness, non-conscien-
[i'i <fi '1, Fc1 c1 ctl: , 8Fcl'=i1~1,=~2,-i1&fc'i I tiousness, forgetfulness, distrac-
'
l; <tlJ I<1 <1 RI CT1 f1 A,I ~ ift1 I '1-i ,f<jj Ii(- tion, non-introspection, regret,
m. '1'1%1'1 (<i'1Ric1,i;:). ~c:'11. sleep, investigation and
'f1'@, '<1<1'11, 1:FG, ~IH. ~ . analysis.
~ . ~. ~. t't, 31q~1"1, ~51~·~r_-~ci~·,,.-"l~ J'f·a.ifir- ar..·
3lc'll'li', 3$f, 3l'iTI,, cfril. '\!~,
31q,i1c;, ~!ITT, 31f%f11, '17T, "l "'~-~~! ~i!J~'!J! ~"l'!J! <ll1·0J·
qfc'itJ, 'i'T',, 31fclt11, ~' s1·!Ji{11
fc1 fi1 Fcl, c'{i I, ffl, 8 q '11 g, 1alH
(qi\JIC:'1), !.IC:1~1, ~ , '11<"Hil, ';i''l'<~·fr· "'~.!i'!JJ &f~·'J1 ~"i·!J,
1iTITI, ~ll<'(ll, "li'"c;, fclf%t11, 3111,lcfll, ~z::.?.·c,,~"il ~~·.,ci·CJ11
J1'1q~1"1, «lll'i, 31'1<&,ll, 31~
')ii/'C'C§'"fJ"f- '\'\'!Jj ('<F~~'!Jj
(31~), cn1,.f1t1 (311C'1Fl),
11'1 I c;, jr1 c1 '"J_fc'I c1 I, fctm, ~OJ·ci:i\CJJ "-~'\'ii;'!j~'al'\'CJJ ~·~,;·a)'\·
31,1 q "1 "ll, i/,) ctt ,ll, ~ . Fc1 c1 ctl'
r.JJ '!j~'~"l'al'\'CJJ cif.!i'"-'/1~1 ~~
fc1 ii l'1 I
Fifty-one associated composi- gz::.~1 ""1''li\1 ClljZ::.'{i!J~j ~i!J'!J','il'
tional factors- Touch, mental c,,~·cii{11
engagement, feeling, discrimi-
nation, intention, wish, aspira- .rffs"!· "'~1·<1;"1~1 f€z::.·f§'1 z::.·!OJJ
tion, mindfulness, concentra- i!J'~"1'!JJ a·.ti!J 1 ar"1·~11
tion, wisdom, faith, shame,
embarrassment, non-attach- f(f·f51- f§·ci1
ment, non-hatred, non-close
C,,ffi°'!j' CJ 1 ::l'!j -~"1
mindedness, effort, pliancy,
conscientiousness, equanimity,
non-harm, attachment, hatred,
606
~QJ·3)~·"'1 "l'~~'"'l Q)'QJ 1 <l<lj'3l\"'1 u: 1J!'I" ~ - <f'T, !.I fa £1, l!T'1"'

31 fcl (11, fcl R1 fc), <ii I "ci'm P1Ull-
<il\?,~1 ~~·<l~-i·i<l·ul.;i'"'l s~·<l1
~I
;~·"'1 "1-'l'<ljill~·c:11 efm ~i3~q<t,=r/"";>=1- ~ . '34'116, J;lef,
!.lc;1~1. ~ . '11<ii4, ll'T<IT. ~llcF-1,
"f<'f'f,W"''"~! "1~~1 Q_~\<Jl ("1'"'1 l=fc:", fc1 f% *11, 31 <:'1 wJ I. 31'14 ?11 'll.
~~~'<J'Q,0~·~11 31-%ITT. c/J~«l(l (311&1'1-ll). m.
j~ Ciill~ld, .'l~:- rfir ?-/c/?/ 1//"- af14;,1.1 "ci'm fclerq I
tjc;'11, "fiw. i:lcl'11, x"ro:. i/7? 31R4H- f.'rs:l. et) ctt ,ll. Fcl a et\
'1'1%1,~il I "ci'm Rliil, I
rfu fciPl4H/: 'fFG:. ~ : . Fifty-one mental factors: Five
~ : . ,1111iu:, ~ il I omnipresent mental factors-
'{cfJl<i'<'f <!Jl'IHIR- -%ITT. tT:, Feelings, discrimination, inten-
314?11L1.1'1, 3ffl'T:, $:, ~:. tion, contact and mental engage-
'
cJ14't, !.1'61f&r: (J;J~:), 31!.1'11<';:, ment.
"\;l"qaff, 31 Fcl f6 *11 il I Five determining mental fac-
t/c R(9cfi,{)!7I:- <f'T: !.lfati: l!T"f: tors- Aspiration, belief, mind-
I " I ' I
31 fcl (11. fcl R1 fc), <ii I, P1Ul I'i f?e ~ ii I fulness, concentration and
{c}WF/· i3qif&l'f/:- ~:. '34'11i;:, wisdmn.
Rill, ~c.l•ff, ~. '11\"'/iti't
Eleven virtuous mental factors-
Faith, shame, embarrassment,
('1i'H,:). ll'T<IT, ~lld,ll't. l=fc:":.
lack of desire, lack of hatred,
Fclf%*11, 311~cfll'1, 31'14?11L1.1'1
' ' lack of ignorance, effort,
(31'14?141), 3'IT'>l4,ll't, ili1f11(1't. suppleness, conscientiousness,
>111Tc;:, j~ c1 f'id I, 31 {i !.I ,,1''11 't. equanimity and not harming
'1-<'1.11'1"\, ai'1<!l<'ll't, fcl~ I others.
i/r</N) :JIR4H/:- f.'rs:l. ""cl>~1c/J= 0
<'ll~'t. Six root afflictions- Attach-
fc1c1~:. R1ill,~il I ments, hatred, pride, ignorance,
:iiflll<'Ft ~'fll'- WEI flcl?/'l- doubt and wrong view.
tjc;'11. "fiw. i:lci'11, x"m ~ Twenty secondary afflictions-
'1'1%" ('1'1ffic/J") I Anger, resentment, conceal-
WEI fciPl4H- 'fFG, ~. ment, spite, jealousy, miserly-
~ . *1'11iu "ci'm ~ I ness, deceit, dissimulation,
'41<15 <f]i!fr:1- -%ITT. <:'1wl I, haughtiness, harmfulness,
314?1 ILI.I (314?141), 3ffl'T. $ , shamelessness, non-embar-
~ . cfrti. !.1'61f&r (J;J~). rassment, faithlessness,
31 !.I '1 Ic;, "1;,qaff "ci'm 31 Fcl f% *11 I
laziness, non-conscientiousness,
607
Fiftyfour-Countless
forgetfulness, non-introspection, ilai111·~z::.·~qi·•::~1 "-,'<If

lethargy, excitement and distrac-
tion. <l.~~lllf il&J111'rJf i'..9·<1f ui'\'"l'S'\'
Four changeable mental <11(ff
factors- Sleep, regret, gross
investigation and subtle 'fia/'t;<V"f'(- <1.~"i'<lf ~lll'<lf ~"i'<lf
investigation.
~c:'2:<1.~"if ~111'"-,Q''lff
1:1.~'\·r,ia·(&J',iz::.·~qi· :-,;i~1 <1.\'\"ftl"l111 ·~·
'ii/"'~·«;·,;;c:"'s·lffjlff_ '\'\'<II (~~ 111·
i3J' ~z::.·~9·?i'~. ~"i·?Ja.· ~"i'<i'~9 Ill' f :r.,·
<If ~"l'UJ'\'<lf <1.\'\'il,<ljlll'ii:l'\'<lf ~''l(C'
'\':.J111·~·q111·z::.·q~1(rr
ii:l'\'<lf 9~·~9-ii:l\<lf qg°"i'<l.~lllf ~~·
<1>1111'.lld): ~:tiill~ld, 'JJlq.-Jl-
irm:- ~ : ~ 'Jllcl'ilglll'1i gz::.111f <:!<lj'UJ'\f <:!ljZ::.'{"llllf ~3J'rJ:a;'il'
=
• '"' l•
','V:!1'[-q~cafa · {iiqo1 <l.al°'<lc(l[
~ dl1:IT cl !,! '~ q,JJ fq cl' fI) ci,
~ ~ 4ill~ltj_ 'Jli:lf.'i-1 I $'t:l~ °51 if,;<'J't:l:§I <I.\'\.dill] 1111 FC'~f
<1>1111'.ll\j, ~ '<rt<1-1 'JJlq.-JI~~- z::.·~"lf 3J·~9·<1f 'El·af3Jf <1.~9·~f
~ cf; u-: ''llcl'ilgll'i c!)T
~ - lfV:!1, "Qci q ~ ct1 dl1:fT ~ 3J~"-,'~f ~'<l'"li°<lj'~°if ~QJ'~i!JIII'
'lf\ ~ !,! ii> I~ cfFl-cfFJ cfl"IT if <15 "1''59 111·-'li°9·<1.~"i f ar9· ~1(rr
~ fc),-i) ;:,rR ~ ,-,ft il '1 -gt't
t1 f(f·f-51- ~<If <l.f"i'<l.~"if <l.di'l'<lf
The fifty-four delusions to be
abandoned on the Path of <1..i9·<1f ~9\9 il:r.,·~f ~f 9uf·'lf
Meditation within the Desire ~<ljlll'<lf ~3J'Q"-,'<1.di'Clf C:iE'al\<lf
Realm- The six delusions
within the Desire Realm to be ~"l·il'\·<11 i!,f''\'\'<lf ai·arf c;i9·il'\'<lf
abandoned on the Path of
<It_'\'c_lllf ~111'"1~"i'3J'ui"i'<lf SC''ll
Meditation are classified into
nine phrases such as strong, ~'\'<If ~3J·9ci)z::.·fff
moderate and small. Each of
these is also divided into three 9~"i'<l.~:a;·<:i~f 9~'\f <l.~'\"<lf \111'<1\
phases as such. In this way, the
total fifty-four comes up.
'\~'\'<11(lf
608
Fifty four-Countless
ll'WJ' i:11 " I cl_ il<'lll: - lf.5[fl ?-I q'-:1 'l/'- efi?r <3qcfc'l!tl- wm. '34.-J Ii,,
c1 c; .-J J, x-iw. ilci.-JI, m:, 'Hal, !-1<';1~1. ~ . 'llf.l1l1, 11T1.ll,
'l.-Jf<fil,~tj I ~IIC('-1, lfc;, fclf%xil, 31ciwll,
ifq fc!f.'14(/f"- 'tF;:, ~' 31.-J 4-5! I"l, ,-c-1.11.-J, 3/14 ,1.1, 31%1,T,
~ : . xii-JI~:. ~ i:11 cfilfl~ltl (311cif<1), ™·
l;c/i/C:!tl <fj!tf<>1'jfi/ct,J:- %ITT. ~:. '.j,r'lcif'J_R1. 31'<i!-1"1"'1 Tim fuarq I
314-5!1"1'\ (314-5141), 3ffiTT:, 3lG"(:, rJW 3if.'14d- r.m. c/il c/i ,I.I,
~=. 4hll-j. q'51f;Er: ("1<~:), fc1 a c/l cf\!11 fcltj 1, I
31q1-J1c;:, ~ . 31fclf%xil i:11
Fifty-five mental factors: Five
omnipresent mental factors-
7..-r
'-f 'C" I J./i'lcfi'l!tlf'
,f.. '111: , q R1 Ej: ,fR:
1 ,
Feelings, discrimination, mental
31 fc1 '11, fc1 fil fc1, i;-fl I, '<1 <c<l? I '-1- impulse, tangible object and
~:. 31·i·Hih,'f~:. 'f~4,l'l~I:, intention
~hci~ci4,l'l~l 1 ~:. fi'rVll'f~~tj I Five determining mental
Rmf'I. <3qcfJw,.-- wm:. '34.-Jli,. factors- Aspiration, belief,
'Hal:, ~c;1,1:, ~. 'llct14'l mindfulness, concentration and
'
('li;-fli::), l!T<IT, ~IIC('-l'j, lfc;:, wisdom.
Fclr%xil, 311~ifll'"(. 31'14-5!1"1'1, Eleven virtuous mental factors-
311-'>l <&_ 1111.. c/il fl~ i'1 '1, ™:, Faith, shame, embarrassment,
lack of desire, lack of hatred,
'.j,r'lciflj_cil, 31fiqv1r119, &.11.-J'j,
lack of ignorance, virtuous
3/1 <i, c'll 'l, fu~ I
effort, suppleness, conscienti-
'
=rjri/=1=?: 31,F'f.'l'n4=(/~/:·- r.m. ih1 eh< ,1.1 'l,'
ousness, equanimity and not
fclac/l:, fcltjli:~tj I
harming others.
4tj4.-J it~ q'fq ?ic/?/i/- Ten root afflictions- Desire,
c1 c; .-J I, x-iw. ii a .-J I, m cf\!11 hatred, pride, ignorance, doubt,
'l .-J f<f> I, I view of the transitory collection,
q'fq fc!f.'14(/- 'CFG, ~ . extreme view, holding inferior
~ . xii-JI~ <'f\!11 ~ I view as superior, holding bad
1 4N6 ~ - %ITT. ciwll, ethics as well as discipline to be
314-5!1"1, 3ffiTT, ~ . ~ . cfu:I, superior and wrong view.
!-I '51 f<t!, 31 !-1 l-l Ic; , '3111ITT cf\!11 Twenty secondary afflictions-
31 fc1 r%xi I I Anger, resentment, conceal-
i;'?r 'ffel' qfffl- '111, !,I R1 E1, 1=fR,
ment, spite, jealousy, miserly-
ness, deceit, dissimulation,
31 fc1 '11, fc1 fil Fc1, i;-fl I, xi <:eh 11.1 1 ~,
haughtiness, harmfulness,
31'f1{1fi! 1~. 1~4,11-l~I. m- shamelessness, non-embarrass-
~a4,1+1~11~ <'f\!11 fi'rui1 1 ~ I ment, faithlessness, laziness,
609
F iftyfour-Countless
non-conscientiousness, forget- ~ . tJT'i'! 'ii I'(-l cl ~ - 111<!

fulness, non-introspection, 31 'i I'(-l cJ ~- tJT'i'! ?fi f.t; c/l
dulln-;ss, excitement and dis- ~ - 31cfldcl>lc1 cfi tJT'i'! ~-
traction. '"l fc1 SQ cl> I c1 cfi tJT'i'! ~
Four changeable mental cJ ct '11 'i cl> Ic1 cfi tJT'i'! ~ , 111<!
31f.'1~t1a ~ - zj ~ x'r
investigation and subtle invest-
~ tJT'i'! ~ ~ 111<!
tigation.
c'ft Fil, cl> ~ I
ait~·r.i"'-°'1 'fl·r.ralfl·ll1 ~c: ·&Ic:·~ ·i<Jr~- r.J"-: Sixty types of clairvoyance- Five
~1!1·<1· ~-1 ~'\'f.J"-' ~-SJ("'i·f.J"-'~ lfl'f.J' ~- I ordinary clairvoyances, five
extra-ordinary clairvoyances,
ai·°'I·al'\'<1\ ·aJ(°'I· <1"--~ l!l'f.J' ~- I ~If!·" illfl' five unsurpassable clairvo-
~-aJ(°'I. <1"--~ IS!' f.J' ~-I ~If!·al'\. ~-aJ(°'I. f.J ". yances, five · contaminated
clairvoyances, five uncontami-
~l!l'f.J' ~-, ~-'1,~"J'~'aJ(°'i''-J"'~ lfl'f.J"~·, nated clairvoyances, five
miraculous clairvoyances, five
a.'\ Ill' <1\· aJ(°'I·r.J"--~ 1!1' r.J' ~- I aJ'i!c: lfl'r.Jcl.·
past clairvoyances, five future
aJ(°'I' f.J "-~IS!' f.J' ~-I '\'~-"a_' i<Jt °'I. <1"-'~ IS!' clairvoyances, five present
clairvoyances, five indefinite
<1·~·1 1'J'~1!1·<1\·SJ(°'i·<1.._.~1!1·<1·~·1 "~"'i·
clairvoyances, five · clairvo-
r.J''11 ~ IS!' ~-aJ(°'I' <I"--~ 1!1' r.J' ~-I "'~ 111 ·~°'I. yances in connection with the
two Truths and five worldly
r.J\' aJ(°\ 'f.J"-'~ IS!' f.J' ~-Qill!I'" { 1'JIS!' r.Jil.-~111·
clairvoyances.
~-,JJ\\11 sc:·'".iii51'fl''\f.Ja·ri:ii511fl'i'r. ·s'\'i·i~·a111·t 1
~ : a@li,11:- i:i'c! ~ : .
9c:·~i:,·oli<Jl!l''\<1cl. ~"'i·"~I 9c:·t<J'oloJ"l'
i:i'c! ~ : . i:i'c! 31jm,1-
fliw:. 1:l"'q ~ - i:i'c! '\r.Jcl.' ~<;'Q''l~'\ 1 9c:·t<J'ol 1'Jl!l''\r.J~:~<::
~ : . i:i'c! ~ : .
i:i'c! 31 dl acl> Ic1 {l.l ~ , 1:l"'q
31'il'ldcl>lc1{l.l ~:. 1:i"'q
cl ct'1 I'i cl> Ic1 {I.I ~:, 1:i"'q
"JI!!' 'l:!1'J ~- 8"1!j~ l!l'<J ill!!'~! I
~:. 18'<'kll{l.l i:i'<l ~ : <1) ~ th' Ifi1 $11 ~' l'i I:.
'fl1o 31 ~ $1- tJT'i'! "'<'ITTITTUf ~ .
~ : . 4'1-s~I ~ -
tJT'i'! fc1 ~ Itc ~ , tJT'i'! 31 jm 'i
610
_g ..., .n
,;
ll 2' 2l> ll Q.J)) ~ S,. n O tJ:1 r.l} ..,.. t:r' ...
~{ ~) _,,B .......... o-.o ~="tti
2V _!o)
1J,; ~_A 21 mln ---",,
}! 2 -"" ~ ,; <'
l'l '-<
::i. 'O a t:O ::, ..,
"'" :; "' "'- • l
Ji
,o,J!!
---"
,, 2! _,, 12 . ,.!.. ~ 0 ui" f:i i)II!! l!!
_g
1 ,; ,; !_,, ,; 2! ,!i
::, [2 0.l'l
}!
='=~
~ ---" .S,)
21
n
"' j,
2
,; _,, ~
,;
,; _g
"',; _g
,; ll
<-.ri
1,,
n
ft, _,, -"'
,;
1
j 0
~51~~0
-· ::, ;::I
0 ;;;·
....·=
< =
~ ~ -"Cl
JO
j,
,;,
~ ~
" ,,
---'lJ ~ n
(') I:; .... :!
;,, 2! ,; =-· 8... < (11 ; ~ .L:J •
,; vV
~ -
1!12 1J .,.. ,,j . -4,, ~ <: · ·, f>J -· '-<:
;,, ~ ~" 2!J ::., co , (IQ a -· i ~
2!
_,, ::ii;, ' ~ -· O g' 0 "' :I -sj,
,; ,;
<0i
61i,; ,,,. ~,,
ll -""
_g
2
}!
~.
_,,
.,..2! ~
Q.J))
}!
,o,J!!
2!
_,;,
2i
21
"
0
......
~ -·
r:n ::,"
~-
"'
X Ill
~ :g
a °"
a~ ~
i "" j ~
ID
Ji
lB
,;
_g
.
~_A
..'riJ ~ ~ .,,. -9!
,, J',; _,,B 2!
2 "
tJ:I' > I::Sl l " " "
~ ~ g t:O ... o1 ~
ll ~ n_,~
"',; 1 ",;
~ __;j 2 }! 2i, Op:i1JQ$'.:l:ir:nc,r,:i
li!l
n
Q.D) Q.J))
_,," ---" B2 ~
_,,
_g
,; J>{
2
_g
2
~\ 0.. ""1::s Q. -
i I
,; ,, ,; (UJ ,; B 1 1
,j\ ;, ~
,,21}!
~ 1 21• :r[;ag,r~ _I~
°'
f
1:/,
,, a, _,, ;,, 41) _,,

21 8'J i
}! _g Jl ;,, .;; <1ll
_,,,,
i ~ ~ ;,, n
~ M
<-.ri Q.J)) ,; (l,i, ,,iii 1!12
ll Jn<) 1!12 2
,;i
:Ji,; _,,. ,,2. 1 2!J
_JJ .iJ ·1 Jf _!-1))J _i 1l ,; _g ...!: 2 ~
.8 2 -i] .2l 2! !JJ'
,; 2l> ~ ,iJ
Jj n
~2
<-.ri 2! 2
~ a!i
611.!3 -.!ln ~
,:Li 2
~ ,;, & ll
~,; ,; ,; ,di
~. ~
ll ,,; B ;,, n
-"" ,; -
f t J , 1,~i'l 2!
,;
,,; 2!
2!
2
....!i ~,;
J,'
ID
.,,,,;,,
_A
1!12
_A
2
~
.,.,
q
,; ,;; ID ll
2! -ft
_,, ~ ~ n ~ o'
ii;, 2 ...cl
2 ll <)'i ~
2 ll
~; ii aa;, 7
t-' fil2 <-.ri
_,,,;; ,; qj ~,; -"'
1!12 ,;, _A n
<l=i• ,; 0
l!l2 ll ~
~ Ji ....!i ~· ..'cl j
2i Q.D) .mi{ ,,; n n ~
8'\ -1l, ~ 2! ;,, ,;

~
I }!
---",, _g "41 { ;,.
21 ~ ~ ~
~ 1, .11.I i J -4 ~ ~ i -"
Fi ftyfour-Countless
x'<RT, 31 j"i a 1, 31 '1 <'Fl a 1, x'fcf- faultless, clear, pleasantly

~ I&; lj\l fcl 'c. I, 314 ~ I&; fcl' Ia I, soothing, worthy of hearing,
31Fclc/J&11, 31c11'11, 31c;1'11, !.1':!Ra1, harmless, delightful, subdued,
Q{tt11, f1ftl&11, f1Ra1, &1f&a1. smooth, fine, completely
f14«1, CJ_, ufl, f1 i-1f.'s: llfl dl q ufl, subdued, delightful to hear,
31f.'1f.'<;a1, 31iitj&11, 3Jtjq&11, refreshing for body, pleasing the
f14q ~.-; j, Fcl a 1, f1 c1lc/J1xc1 ~Vl a 1,
heart, generating pleasure and
happiness, completely without
~I
sadness, being the object of
'ffTo Y<IITT" ~ ~ ~-
universal knowledge, being the
filrnQ!':_C'l 1<';'1c/Jf\, ft;pm, 'i5,c/JI
object of thorough understand-
(lfi}, 'i ,-i'1,,i 1, 1-1'11 x"I I, ~.
ing, completely clear, producing
fcl "I C'1 I, WlIBl'/1, "I '!J,<11 (~, pleasure, producing manifest
~c1ufllll, 3RC'IT, ~. ~11"11, pleasure, producing universal
31c/J~~II, 314{,ql, \1~11"11, knowledge, producing thorough
c/JO\-<j\'.!11, c/JJll\li':_C'11<';'1c/Jf\, ~ - understanding, logical, relevant,
Q!':_ C'1 I.-; '1 c/J {\ , !,/) fc, '\j,i'.!11 ell ffd c/J {\ , free of repletion, possessing the
m. 311~lll, Fcl$1144'l11, strength of lion's roar,
Fclfll'c.l, ,"1°fllll, ~ . producing the sound of an
311$114'"1llll, Fcl$1144'1l11, 1Jml, elephant, producing the sound
flf%a1, 9,'1{>cldGlq5\"161, (:fRT- of a thunder, producing the
cJ.ful c/5 zjq- ~ ®)' fu"i-;-- sound of a naga, producing the
f<l, ~' 11, 'il'l'i-<l'il, 4>-if<lxl, sound of a smell-eater, pro-
'11 ~ -i; f/tllql, ' '
il6H-clxtJ1q1,
Brahma, producing the sound of
;,\)~;,\)cl c/Jf<lxl, ~ ~ -i:f<lx ti1 q I,
a pheasant, producing the
5,"5,fl:l «1 x1, 31 j"i a 1, 31 '1 c1 '1 a 1, melody of Indra, producing the
f1 J~I &; IjQ fcl 'c. I, 314 ~I&; ,f%a I, sound of drum, free of
~ ~ ft ~
311'ic/JC'11, 31<'11'11, 31<';1'11, Q'j~t11, arrogance, undegraded, harmo-
!.l{tal, flftl&11, f1Ra1, &1f&a1. nious to all sound, free of
f14f<I, LJ_,ufl, f1 i-1f.'s: llfl a1 q ufl, corrupted words, complete, not-
31f.'1f.'<;a1, 31iitj<i11, 31tjq&11, crying, not depressed, extremely
,i44~<:j,!Fcla1 crm flcllc/J1x- joyous, pervasive, perfect,
c1,1i1a I flowing, elegantly connected,
Sixty features of melodic voices- making all sounds complete,
Refreshing for mind, flexible, satisfying all sense faculties,
soft, pleasant, delightful, pure, non-abusive, unchanging,
612
.,.. ;,
,;
2! .J1 J> ,0 '4!IJ! 2!J lj O (l <= .,,
~ 3 ~ ~· ~ 1/J2{ ~ ~ ~ 3 3 ~{ ___!I Jn.? ~ . . _JJ - ~ ==, • ::s ;,
ou _.!3 ~,
. -.I!
-ila --" "'
1;• ~ - Ji! _.!3 • j) j) ~ "' (l 0.
2! 2! __';;' . Ji! '< ,; . ---"' "
E. _.!3 _.,,,;
"' - . Jl ~, E h ---"' ,,;
~ 61.R. [J .. - _. - ·
,_, _,. ..Jl
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; ; F! 3 _l!{ ~{ 2!{ ..,. ~ ~ 11 ~ 8<{ ----!:! F! - Jl{ '211 0 s. "'
Ji" " ,, - _.!3 «J>< 2! 2! 'l ----!:! j) 2! F!----!:! 3:::<> 1
nm> oil• ~· ---"' .2l 2! 2! 2! _.!3 8V /!:!{ - ~ _Jl 2! '4! '8 P- p.. ,;,
2! ~ _J,
Ji! 2! ----!:! _A, 8<{ j) - - 6/JJ ,:j
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3 _Jl F! .2i _Jl - ~ .2l ~ _.!3 ,,; .2i Ji! E 2! ----!:! "' <> 'O
" 64-" h. .,., _,, • _.,., Ji! ~
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Fiftyfour-Countless
Sixty-four yoginis- Bhima, Ugra, ·9·a. ;·~<-l'CJ"-'Sl'<:1 · ·9 !"l'

Jvaladanalamukha, Raudrak~I,
Sri:, Jayanfi, KankalI, Kalaratri, ~·cll·9 °i3.1'3.lfla.·~;·~·cll·9 ~a·til·9
Kalajihba, Ghora, Padma, ~a·til·9 9~'\·g°i·~·c!l·9 ~·aa·til·9
Ananga, Mrgapatigamana,
Klinna, Gauri, Ganga, Para- EJa.3.1·%a·c!l·9 fa.~<i<>i·CJ<>.·ill·9 ~·;;J·
matvarita, Vayuvega, Kala- -~ ~ -~ ~I "' "' - "-'"l'-CJ'l"'
"'°i' ~ 'u.J'' "- ·~9<-l':)!'Cl.fl .'u-~.J ·,1!TI
.. ' Pracanda,
. dathstra . . Sthulanasa,
Paramavijaya, Kirti, Jaya, F.'l\\'\'~<-l'CJa·!ll·9 <-l'aJa·~a·ill·9 CJ"-'
Cakri, Karan, Prakupitavadana,
Kan, Virupa, Ratnamala,
KumarI, Sunetra, Bhadra,
Totala, Nitya, Lak~ai:ia, ,Pingala, ~i:t·~·i:t·m;·j\~·c!J·9 <1"'·~·"-l<-l'<>.'l'l]aJ'
Mahalak~mI, Dhfti, Sasadha- CJ<>.·c!J·9 9~9·qa·c!l·9 9"19·qa·til·9
ravadana, Padmesa, Vimala-
sasadhara, Rambha, Tara, ~3.1·a,'1i'"'·~·c!J·9 <:11°i'CJQ'c!l·9 !'OJ~'
VagisvarI, Vuddhi, Vidyut-
c!l·9 \·ia·c!l·9 ~;·c!l9·'\;'"l°i·~·til·9
prabhii, Kr~i:ia, Srisveta,
Candralekha, Hansvari:ia, ~;<-l' .:i '\. ~· c!l ·9 CJ ,i°i·i:tr<-l· <:I (,._.CJ;,_· u1 ·
Taranetra, Vajrabha, Vajragatra,
UrvasI, Ahalya, SavitrI, 9 ~l!J'i:t("-'<:!Q'c!l·9 9~9''-J'i:t("-'CJd_'
JalajavatI, GayatrI and Smf!i.
c!J·9 9"\9''l'CJ("-'CJQ'c!l·9 '1f''JaJ'~aJ'
cll·~·a''r~·:-i:t~, ~;<-l·qo:cll·9 fl·~~;,..
qa·c!l ·9 "'9'"l<>i'"l<>i'9~
!,, "
i!J''!i'"l'\CJ''J<'".\'
cll·9 'l.\ 0:i;·CJ<>.·cll·9 [l'l;·"la·cll·9 £-9·~. 3,/~i!,J l!,l'~· c!l ·9Q,3,/' £-9· ~.3,/~;;JaJ'
i:t;·"la·c!l·9 3.1·"l·~a·c!l·9 <:!'JJ~<-l·qa·
CJi'.j"-' CJ~'\· CJQ' CJ"'·~· c!l ·9 al'~ CJ<-l' '!i' ci ~"!·
ol·9 ~"'·wqa·c!l·9 .!1'''1'~a·ol·9 CJ9' qa·c!J·9 !i!'~i!,Jl!,l'i5'\.~°i·3·i'\·qa·til·9
Q)·i:ta·c!l· 9 q·,:;.iia·cll·9 a.sf ~;·i:ta·c!l·
~ 9·CJ''\;. 3.i!;!°i.CJQ. c!l ·9 Q,3,/' ~3,/' 'J"-.<'.\~ aJ'
9 1'"-''jQ'C1J'9 l59<-l'CJQ'C1J'9 :i9' qa·c!l·9 :i;'?f;·~·'\1a.·!:l<>i.~'\·qa·til·9
tJ<>l'~·~·c!l·9 ~;<-l·~·c!l·9 i <-l''!i'3.!!;!°i' ~Q'C,<-l''JQ'ill·9 l!,J'CJ~'CJQ'c!l·9 "ISJ'
qa·c!l·9 j 1~9<-l·qa·c!l·9
1 ~·.11a·til·9
3.lfl'l.'CJ~'CJQ'ol·9 tl<>i'~3,jl!J'i5'\'~·~·~"1·
'1r.iia·c!l·9 ~a·c!l·9 "l'°ia·c!l·9 ~·<>ia·
614
fifty four-Countless
qa: ·9 ,:_·q·~oJ'l'o'j';j"i'".i't~·qr.,;aJ· 3M-ft;rfcr of-s'lT-ft;rfq lJ1T'cl-

' ' '
ft;rfcr '1-s·• Ic'l-1-ft;rfcr 3!-s·• Ic1li.1-
9 ~,:,·cf~oJ'l·il~-~-~-i~·i.a:al·9itrr ft;rfq: ~; qi IR-~ - illt\1 cl fc;i-
il\'l,titlftc: fc;tq,i:- m. <!l,loel ft;rfcr, 4 I~ <>Q-ft;rfcr, .:; Ifc1 -s-fufi'l,
g«l>xfll~l, 3j, Ifc;ifil:, ~-s;• Ifc;ifil:, Rl,,1<1-fufi'l, ~-fufi'l. BlJ-
~ : . '1-s·•lc'11fc;ifil:, 3Fs'T- fufi'l. -fic"-11-fufi'l. 3!jc'l1'1-fufi'l.
<if),:ifc;ifil:. ~1cli'1Rfc;ifil:. ill(;.lclf<;i- ~-fufi'l, ~-fufi'l, \'ill<>Q-
ft;rfcr:, 41~<>1.lfc;ifil, .:;1fcl;gfc;ifil:. ft;rfcr, "cfR-fufi'l, of!- fufi'l, ~-
Rl,,1afc;ifil:. ~ - BlJ- fufi'l. ~ - f u f i ' l . ~ -
ft;rfcr:, -fi c"-11 fc;i fil , 3! jc'll '1 fc;i fil:. fufi'l, ~-fufi'l, ti:1-fufi'l,
~ : . c;,c;fc;ifil:, \'ill<>Q- ;wr-ft;rfcr, "11'e1'-fufi'l. 1,.£.Td-
ft;rfcr: ' ~l '1 fc;i fq :' f).:--1 fc;i fq :' ~- fufi'l. Rl,"'-1,-fufi'l. 'is1,•1-fufi'l.
ft;rfcr:' 'Wllei' Fcl ,-a' fc;i fq:' ~ - ~-fufi'l. 'l_' Itj i!>-fufi'l, cfTll-
'fl"'Q<1-fufi'\, "11 '1 ~ cl-fufi'l. 3Rl-
ft;rfcr, ·1~;gfc;ifil:. ~clfc;ifil,
'11' Ifc;i fq: "11'e1 fc;i fq: ~ : ~-fufi'l. i3 ct1 'i!j, ~ g)q-ft;rfcr,
' ' '
F.fc\,"'"'-1---,,.,ffc;, i:,.,.f;, fq :, '1 iS\l , ' Ifc;i fil :, ~- 31q,•11c:1..fl fufi'l. L[dfc1~5-fufi'\,
ft;rfcr:, 'l.'ltjif>fc;ifil:, clli.1fl~<1- "ij""'c&f4'-fufi'l, f.'raT4-fufi'l, fcra)'q-
ft;rfcr:' "11 '1 ~ cl fc;i fq:' 3RR'ra$r- fufi'l. J;faT4-fufi'\, fll•lx-fufi'l,
ft;rfcr:, i3 ct1 'i!j,~ifl q fc;i fq:' ;wR- c['\Jl- fufq' c,l <!l !,I R'l c,l <!l- fufq'
'n n c; 1.. ft;rfcr:. iJ Fcl ~ i'; fc;i fil:. 3!j~<1-fufi'l. ~11'1-ol lclcl-fufi'l,
"id""'<i! q fc;i fq:' f.'rii'l qfc;i fq:' fcrafq-- •I01 '11 cl cl-fufi'l, "id""'<iJ q Icicl-fufi'l,
ft;rfcr:, i;re'i q fc;i fil:, fl I'Ix fc;i fil:, f.'rii'l q Icl ct-fufi'l, q Ic; fc;i ful a-fufi'l,
cl \Jl fc;i fq ' c,l <!l !,I R'l c,l <!l fc;i fq :' r& ~cti, q c; ,--1 f.tr-ft;rfcr. 1.11 c1~~ nct1 ,~
3!j~afc;ifil:. ~11011clclfc;ifil:. •101.--J1- qc;,1f.tr-fufi'l. '1Ulli!IRufl fufi'l,
cl cl fc;i fil:, "id""'<iJ 4 Icl cl fc;i fil:, fl4~ati,;i5ufl fufi'l. fc1E11jc11'1-
f.'re'i 4 Icl cl fc;i fil :, 4 Ic; fc;i ful <1 fc;i fil :, ~-fufi'l. "'ii.fGa qf<1 '<1 I
f& ~ct1x4 i;;fi~ fc;i fil:. lllcl~~nct1,- ft;rfcr, ,lil'11'11 fufi'l, ~
q c; fl f.lci fc;i fil:, '1UI Ii'; IR ufl ft;rfcr:, ft;rfcr, ~ fufi'l. ,ic/1~~-
flQ~d'(ii.li';Ufl ft;rfcr:, fcl.:llj- f.1 <>LI 'i-; I fufi'l, fl Jfl Ii! -fi il 5 ofl
c'll'i Fc1 ~ ~ a fc;i fil :. "'ii fG a qffi '<11 ft;rfq ~ ~ fufq I
ft;rfcr:, ,lil'11'11 ft;rfcr, ~ Sixty-four scripts (written
ft;rfcr:, ~ ft;rfcr:, ~ - languages)- BrahmI, Kharo~\I.
iml f.1 <>1.1-i-; I ft;rfcr:, fl Qfl lx-li il 5 ofl Pu~karasiirI, Anga Script, Banga
ft;rfcr, ~ fc;i fil~ilR'l I Script, Magadha Script,
'<it~ R;t Rl ll i- m ft;rfcr, Mangalya Script, Anga!Iya
Script, Sakari Script, Brahma-
<!l '11 rz) ft;rfq' g«!> ' fl 1-il ft;rfq'
615
Fiftyfour-Countless
vali Script, Paru~ya Script, Script, Script and Sarvabhuta-

Dravida Script, Kirata Script, rutagrahal}I-Script.
_Dfilqinya Script, U gra Script,
"IC:"I' ~o.i·i·clf~,;~·~ '<l~ 1
Samkhya Script, Anuloma
Script, Avamurdha Script,
Darada Script, Kha~ya Script, - ...,.. c,,. ...,..
China Script, Luna Script, Hili;la c:i:,ic:·er '1:;3l' ~· o.i ·"1 ") o.i ·o.i 11
Script, Madhyak~aravistara
'<IQ:~: ~~UJT:- ~ <1c11f.'1,
Script, Pu~ya Script, Ga1uda
tjc'qlR ~~11,€.llf.'1, 31"c:l~~I
Script, Script of Gods, Script of
311 ~ fill i;/,j<!';\l+IT:, El If?i ~I CTte,unf.'\
Naga, Script of Yak~a, Script of
Gandharva, Script of Kinnara, 1*f 1
Script of Mahoraga, Script of ~~ ,i, '<it t1 d 11ur- c;"1 "<le'!, i!'R

Asura, Script of Mrgacakra, ~~11-:€.1, 31di-:i5 311~fuli:jjj<i,w\
Script of Viiyasaruta, Script of 1;cf' oJ m"If1 c'!lffUT I
Bhaumadeva, Script of AntarI- The sixty-four qualities of
k~adeva, Script of Uttara- Buddha- Ten powers, four
kurudvipa, Script of Apara- fearlessnesses, eighteen
godiinI, Script of Purvavideha, unshared qualities and thirty-
Script of Utk~epa, Script of two major marks.
Nik~epa, Script of Vik~epa,
Script of Prak~epa, Script of \~·<1~~·~1 1.;;~.;;o1~srJ',j,;;·q-qsr-
Sagara, Script of Vajra, ~3lo.i·c:i~11 "113ll!l'C:"1 c_ o.i·"'s1·UJ~·
Lekhapratilekha-Script, Anud-
bhuta-Script, Sastravarta-Script, <>l"l il"l·~~·ijc:i·t11l.·~~ I il"1<i~·ijc:i·t11l.·
Gananiivarta-Script, Utk~epava-
rta-Script, Nik~epiivarta-Script, 1.i"ll!l'CJI il"l·:i~ !c:i·tJil.·~1·~·:rc:i1 <if·
Padalikhita-Script, Dviruttara- ijc:i I ~"1 'ijc:i I i'"l o.i· ijc:i I ?_ o.i·"'§c:·
padasandhi-Script, Yavaddaso-
!<l'CJC\11
ttarapada-Script, Madhyiihiiril}I-
Script, Sarvarutasangrahal}I-
Script, Vidyanulomavimisrita-
.... --.;::; ....
4/.;J1~o1.ff.;;";; r::r'" ~·qs·"/0 "{- - ~
Script, ~~itapastaptii-Script, ~ o.i·~· UJ"i 'QJ"l ")~ 'Elo.i· ~ 'QJ3l'~ Ill' t11l.'"l&I'
Rocamana-Script, Dharagipre-
k~il}I-Script, Gaganaprek~il}I- ~o.il "'c:·~QJ·~·QJ3l'~l!l·!J1\.·QJ3l'~l!l\ '4~·
Script,
Script,
Sarvau~adhini~yanda-
Sarvasarasangrahal}I-
af~·~· i53j'3l'lC:'QJ3l I i(3l'QJ3l·~·s ~·q,
616
,,
D ""' 84{ (!di? o.... '""' __,. JV '"'" __.. _,.. ~, --'l l'! l'! i, l'! l'! ,. .il ""' ""' l'!
2 2 . .,, --'l 2 ~\ J<' __..,, 6/ll ,J 2 l'! 2
fi' J<' ~ l'i m m --,, fi' fi' J1,;
.~ .ii 2l ~ ?!1 A ~ .~. - ___!: ~ A -'2' ;!L ii! £ ~ ~ ~ ,,.n .ii .ii ii Jl,
"'"' l'! 8<{
" 'h~ - ..,. ~ •--;;' ,, l'! l'! ~ -"'
.il{ <t&, ---!! - ,;\ m U!9 --'! ~{ - l'l l'! - 2 ii! ii! "~ ~. ~~ ii! - - l'! "!
---!! "'!) ---!!' <>t,J l:j jl ~ : ~ ~ ~\ ~ --'l ~ ~ 1 jl jl J}\ 2{ D ;i £
~ ~{: ~ & 2! 2! ~ ;,, - ti .ii~ --'l ii! .ii ii! ii!% ~ ~ __g, Jf'
~{ ~ -'.!.{ ,,.;, ~ i! - t ~{ ! ii -f ~ ~ ~ ~ J{ ~{ -
<>t D D
W!{ ___,, -9! · ~ ~' ~
1<!=4' _,,;,
i.il t --'l --'l a., l'! ·
j "~---'!~-~%!'!- ~~~~~ .al~
J: ~{: t1 ~~ ~ ~ j{~_:{ ~ ~) ~'~~j1~ l'! - ~
l1iJ f!
E '"' "
··" ,1" 3- "· m ._,; ""
;,., --'l
~. .!tiJ ' '"''
2 ~J<
Jt ---1:>J ...PM Jht
---J"! 2:! ---J"! ,~ _-E
w~ ~ ~ ~
--"'~<· ~ -2 m Li
t, · t, ~ ~ ,:j ~ __.,, ;>? .!tiJ D -:,v 2 ~ .-., )12
;,, ~ ;,, ' __..,, Ail{ 8i - ~ ~ M!{ 2 ii! f! ,; J1 ~' --'l
"'!-' "'!-' "'!-' 11 --'l 2j J< o,, __.,,? --'l ,. ~ ;n,J 2 ---!! )' 2
~{ ~{ ~{ J..11{ ..A ,:j ~ ri -!j --'! ii! D B ii! W ~, ~. ,:j J £!j,
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~ ~
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'1 . a; a3I! ,, B> = l'i l1iJ ;n,J ii! Ji ,.,; ~ ..1,) 2 ~ ,.
. ~ EJ ~\ --'! ;,, -9! ;:, _J1 2 62 ' · --"' ,,~ 2 - Q,; ,:;
. --h . . II> . • • "" a3I! -9! i, O,a' J>' ,,a V, ~ ,:j '"'.I;\ ,,; -!j ,.;
· · 1V I ..,_ .!tiJ ~ --'l _J1 i, ;,, -<\ n' O<, --"' • • • D D · "'
ii! ~ . "" ;,, 112 ~ ~ V, ,:j ___!: "-" l:j . '!I{ -fl !!i,
jj j. j-1 ~' ---!! ~ --'! ~ ~ ~ - ::;! ~. ..!:!I ~ ,f. ~
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ii! !I ri ~,
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611! ;n,J --"' j--'l ~. 613 ,j, ~ g'
7
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1 •. -.9!1 2:! 2:! ~ ~ ui 2! ~ 1]~~ §
~ 611'2 ~ ii! !It, ,:j -11 -9! _J1 11 ~ J! -9! I ~
~ 1· - .· - .· · .- · .· · ~ ~ ~ ~ --9:! J! ___.; I). 2V .2 -.......:;: ~ 3 ~
l i
Fiftyfour-Countless
, ' 1-
(l'.SI ;,;,
!.!<'l1 cb~ 'i I'[:), 'i g Ij~ifl Ic;~f-i wrf:- rrc, wrfilr1Jfir: fi"NilPi-
lfr'f:, <1>1R-:rJ-J1c1.-i1>1l'I:, ~ - C:l-iYl<fih11, ~ftc'1Ylxr1cil,
'l-l IcJ '11 'i I' f:, f1ffi «tl'l-J !,I ~ ifl l'l-JTcJ"'1T- itt1P-Jq1xfi'k11, q"),lq1xfi1a1, t1JR-
llT'f:, qRu11>1.-i1'l-J1<1.-i1>11•f:. J,:J;- q1xfi1a1, !.1$11Ylxfi1a1 i:11
111c:'1'l-J1<1.-i1>11•L ~ - 1/:SjPjfr/fi'r: fiRi!<iilP!- 'l,<!llj-
lfr'f:. fcP1}a'l-llcJ-il'1l'f~-t1Fc, I ~ : , tl'iljfltR1' fitlljfltffi.
cNg$/rt/qc1Wffr rye{ wrf:- !,I $1 '1 I ~ftc'11jf!tR1:, C:l-iljf!tFc1:, ~ -
'l-J cJ I!,I fc, f&3 1 ~ I<'l-i q, c•f'i,ci '1 I\l,'i,~ c/'1-
fffm E[1ff:- fclqlq,cbaJUl!,1</1'1:,
~ I '"1 't, '3Yll-lcl>l~l<'l'1 ~ -
31 fcl q I$ cbal oI!.1 '11' I:, 3R'fa,ufcp-
'il\).xlfl"11~ <lf1$11-i't, fctq~
al "I !.14l •I:, ~a,or
<lf1$11'1't, ,m'fq~ <lf1$11-i't, !.14l•l~i1Fc, I
p..., ' \ p...,
!.l<'[rni!.1'11'1:, !.11-ll'lfl'icil, 311Yrni- 'ffc1EJ4cti74/qc1"Qfqj/Jti/cillil El'rf:~
~ c;~f.-i>11•f~i:I I ~:.~:.~-
fie//cp/ '<lfi:I fikliEilq&fcliT '{qj/i; w cf>T<I:, f.,,ifo1<1>1,i~-t1Fc, I
wrf:- "11<1,i1<1>1-11:.
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Gl'fT:, !.I '11' Ic'1al o11 f.9, i:rrlff'Wfm: 31 il cJ I c;, "i1R !.I cb I< ~ f.mE.J" WT,
~~.~: !,I Fc, q fcfi "<'l>T 3f1'iffi"' !,I Fc, q f2i1 cITT
!.141'1'11•f ~. ~~- 311 c'1 "'I -i, !.I fc, q fcfi "<'l>T fl '.l,'\ ~ ~I,
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cJrncJil ' fl'idll-ll:
TJ1JT:, ''lcJ~ll'f'll\: fln-Jli;!,lfc,qfcfi, ~.
>1,i1•11: (t14<1>1,ig1: ·,i<1~11'f'll1: ~ 1-1>1 Fc, q fcfi izci f.9,if 01 >1R1 q R'i-11
fl'icill-ll: !,14'1•1:) &1'1~[%>1,i1•1: q7,fytr17 qi ~ e f q i l,!jj'{[J El1f-
('(tjq cb 11-l ~\).: &1'1~1% !,lqj' 1:) '11 •f $1 a I "<'l>T 3111, '>ll<lcb'il•f$1cil,
'3Yl'1i!il~lc'1!.1'11•1: (<1>4g\).: fl1Yl'1- !,I fi1 cb ~ 'i I' f$1 di (l'.SI <\' I!.I c'l1 cjj
cb~~lc'1r1,~cblc;~lc'1~: ~: ~ 'i 1•f $1a I), 'i g Ij~i fl Ic; ~f '"1'11{
fl cJfcb Ix Ir1fP'<lltl !.141 •I: 'iJ11•f. ~ -
~) ~ 1 lfr'f. f1ffi «tl'l-J !,I~ ifl l'li Icl -i 1'11 'f.
ffi q Ru11,i -i l'l-J lei -i I'11 'f. 31j'11 G'l
wrf:- "i3i"U,:' ~:' enf.'f[:' 3El'cl+I:' 'l-J1c1.-i1>11•f. 31fi'lf.9gfx'li1c1.-i1>11•f ~
c; ~f'1'11 •f~!.14'1 •I: 'l-J li:1-i P-11 •f~- Rl~<i,'l-Jli:1-il'il'f I
' ·-,-1.~, .,.
rr!,l4m1rrriI: 311-i "ci 4 'i"ti !.141 ' I:, 31 q '1 q - q?g!j/r/7 qi i:f[/c1lffe/i -;ft El1f-
fcl !.I fc, q fcfi ~-t1 Rt I >1"$1T ~ 'liq l'i ~ '1 5T'!T, clrl1
618
Fifty four-Countjess
~ 11 f.'a -tj fu.rn" "l' -&IT, 31 j4 Ill ~.

cfi <1>1,01 ~ -&IT, '341'-1 cfi f.'ll-J\ 01<1>1<1 I
<1>1,01 ~ "l' -&IT, fclqa, cfft The Seventy topics- The ten
q«),$1dl, qfaqa, ctt q«),$1dl, topics that characterize the
q4p1 ctt q«),$1dl, q{ij$1dl ctt Omniscient mind- The Mind-
'1 '1 <11 <fl21T ~ 3lITG cf>T Generation, the Mahayana
c;~f'il-ll'f I instructions, the limbs of
definite analysis (the four limbs
?-1<1l0rafil?-1Rit/3f qi 1 ma:
of definite analysis of the
~lHc/i wt- 311<1>1,, qlll'I, TT, Mahayana path of preparation),
Gll'f, c'flffOT, ./ta:rwftll, ~ - the basis of accomplishing the
~ 1•ft <1, ~ . ~q~11f.a Mahayana path (the Naturally
ctt fll-la1, 31jct1,fi1~qR~~ ~ abiding Buddha-Nature that is
'341ll<l>1~1ii1 I the basis of achieving Maha-
~qiJllo~
yana paths, the visualizations of
Mahayana paths, the goals of
wt- il,Sl, ~. arrf.'fr, ~ . Mahayana paths, the achieve-
c; ~f 'il-J i•f'f\q lll' I, ~ Icl'i ll-J I' f'f\- ment through armour-like
~ c1'1 • I, 311 'i •flll 'f\ q lll •I -a-m practices, achievement through
314~'-I fclqfaqR'fj I engagement in the Bodhisattva
J/lj 'If!c;; y,;)q qi ~ ~ l ! f q i practices, achievement through
wt : u:· l//efilr173!T "R" ~ - the accumulation of merit and
C: I'14 I, R1a 1, ~ftii1q1,R1a1, arrf.'fr- wisdom and the definitely
q1,R1a1, q~<Jq1,R1a1, tlll'i41,R1a1 arising achievement.
~ q$1141,R1a1 I The eleven topics that charac-
u: 31j?jk7<1/" # ~ - terize the wisdom of path-
Limbs of the path-wisdom, the
f<i, ljfliR'I, t1l-JljfliR'I, '1~1j-
path-wisdom that understands
~ . ~ftii11jqfa, C:HljfliR'I ~ the Hearer's path, the path-
~clljqfa I wisdom that knows the Self
f.'r:~~I Buddha's path, the beneficial of
qi "i'fR Mahayana path of seeing, the
'3'«'TlHc/i wt- fclq1<1>-~lffOT- function of the Mahayana path
~.d1•1, 31fclq1q; ~&101Q4'J•i, of meditation, the Mahayana
3R'llffOT ~lffOT-qlll'I ~ ~ path of belief, the Mahayana
~-~&1°1qti),1 I path of praise, exhortation and
rJJc'f ?i1rft El ,f07<! qi "i'fR eulogy, the Mahayana path of
~lHc/i wt- ~. meditation of dedication, the
619
Fiftyfour-Countless
Mahayana path of meditation of path of preparation, Peak

rejoicing, the Mahayana path of training of the forbearance level
meditation of achievement and of the path of preparation, Peak
the Mahayana path of complete training of the supermundane
purity. level of the path of preparation,
The nine topics that Peak training of the path of
characterize the basic wisdom- seeing, Peak training of the path
Non-abidance in the extreme of of meditation, Peak training of
existence through knowledge, the uninterrupted paths and
Non-abidance in the extreme of wrong achievement to be
peace through compassion, eliminated.
distance from the effectual The thirteen topics that charac-
mother due to lack of skill in terize the serial training- In
means, close to the effectual connection with the Six
mother due to skill in means, Piiramitiis- That of- Giving,
basic wisdom classed as a morality, patience, effort,
discordant factor, basic wisdom meditative stabilization and
classed as an antidote, training wisdom.
in the basic wisdom, training in In connection with the six
the sameness of basic wisdom recollections: That of- The
and path of seeing. Buddha, the Dharma, the
The eleven topics that charac- Sangha, the morality, giving
terize the traini11g of the and deity.
complete aspects- Aspects, And the serial training of
trainings, qualities of trainings, understanding the lack of true
faults of trainings, character- entity.
ristics of trainings, aids to The four topics that charac-
liberation, aids to definite terize the momentary training-
discrimination, the irreversible Matured momentary training,
trainees, training in the immatured momentary training,
sameness of existence and momentary training lacking
peace, training of the pure field characteristics and non-dual
and training in skillful means. momentary training.
The eight topics that charac- The four topics that
terize the peak training- Peak characterize the resultant Truth
training of the heat level of the Body- Natural Truth Body,
path of preparation, Peak Wisdom Truth Body, Complete
training of the Peak level of the
620
Enjoyment Body and Emana-

tion Body. v
l:J\l"l'"l 11
i".11·z:r~"i·t·~..;~1 lf/ilf/~'Q:§'lf/Jlf/ ( 9 -
lf/'1f''W"- 'J:J@-';/- {9·r.i1 ~'\'l,/1
99 ) §l9·~·'\z:rc:.·<f1 5t'z:rq·'\z:rc:.·<f1 11:l.·
"-!\r.i1 9~'\1 ~l:I\ .-90,l'<.i\ C:.'!"ll
'\z:rc:.·ir1 ~a·'\z:ic:.·ir1 ',J"l·~·'\z:ic:.·ir1
il ·l°&i'l:l\l"l'~ll
!ll s1 (1 :._9·;1:1 5,&i·r.i,;·,;9
~
9~9«l\
v
:ff'lif~'S-';'J:JJ'J:J~f ( ~f-•'i) tz:i·
S'\'&l'"1"i'r.i1:l.·9~9"l'l:J\l"l'«l \\
l,/1 ...t l:J'l,/ 1 1;\"l'&J'1)"l\ "-5'~"l'3J '\''-ll
(9'1) "1'\\
"-5'~"l'3J '\'l,/q' { aJ"l'll.~9 c,,qf9·r.i1:l.·
i);,J~§t:;'Qif'J:JJ'i(§lf/ ( 9'1\-~'\)
{lll«l'~9 ~9 ~·i:i1 i!fl:I\ 9"i"l'<.i\
i/;,J<<rj·~·i,Jt:;'J:Jsf l,;·z:i1 ll.~'~«l\
&l·i,9·r.i1 §lc:.·~·l9«l\ £9·~\'l°9"l1
~&i"l·r.i1 :._9·r.i1 cti'\·c,i·s'\·r.i1 "-5"i·r.i1
iil·~1:l.·l'9«l\
.:r"l''-1\ =i"i''-1\ ~ c:.·?_ 'Cl.~~ l ~ "l'>;l:J'Qll
v
~~'i,J'9~j·i'~-,~i,Jf (•'I-·~)
1tiJ·qq·~·;,J,; 'J:J:§f '\'\·r.i l z:i9· o.J '\ ·r.i l
"i"''"'l""-1 ~-~"-"l\9"l'll.~9 ~~,;·
~"i.?C:.«l \ l:Jlj c:.· f &l«l \ (' a:-~ O,l'l,/ l ~ "l'
i:ii,9"l'§l"i·!·c,,qf9· r.i· l:l\ll!l'~l l
"I'\''-I l "-~'\''"9"l '.:i'\'l./\ il ~c:...:i'\ 'l,/ l
ti'q'<-ll{l Rt: E!1lf: : 1-11 <;0/t;:!/
§l·ll.i°'l:J l z:i fa;·"-~ "l'l:J \l"l' ~11 '(o znfiJ7 l'f~R f.\: 1.1 'i, m~ f.i: 1.1 'i,
. {f·ik~·Jf·qq·~·i,Jt:;~lf/ &l''\'\''-1\ a)· '11 R1 $ f.\; 1.1 'j, ft1 ii il f.\; 1.1 'j, ffl-
f.i: 11 "1, ~ - ~:. 'RT:, ffi:,
af1 'C:."l''-1\ ~9"l'<.i\ >f\'\''l\ "9'3J'\' <'A te ~ '1,, 3l Fc1 $1 fq-j "' tj l1' I
12 R!rrtJ.f
l,/'l:l\l"l"~ll
13-58 ~c;i:JriiJ/kJ<7 tfferr:- ~
ll·1tiJ·qq·~·i,Jt:;·,t~r c:--a:-.:i'\·r.i1 ~c,i· 'f i511iPI if> I : EJ1lf :- c1 c; 'i I, "'<-l"$1T,
i:k1'1 I, ~:, '1 'i f<f> I'(
.:i '\''-l'l:l\l"l'~11 ('1'iR1cf>1,:), ~:. ~ :.
'
ff·ik~·~,;·5q·~'i,Jt:;'J:Jsf ~'l:J\ "''"". ~ - '<-I'll~:. m

l1' I
~ <t> ~ I <it ,i i511iPI <t>EI 'f f: - .t,J;ITT,
'-1\ ~,;·11 !l9'~9 C1..i°9·r.i1 5t&l'<.i>;'C1.i°' 31~'11;, ~-af&l: (>1~:), ~ -
621
Fiftyfour-Countless
t'r:, 314':11Ql'i (314':141), 3RT'T:, Gfl' <IJ,'t I<it 'ii; l"tPJ if> - ~.
~ : , 31f%f11, cf'Rf tj I 31\.11-11<';, i;r~, ~IITT, <1""11,
~ 'Ii; I #I :tr'fPl if> I: QlTI:- 314':11QJ (314?141), 3RT'T, ~ .
311.I}! ,i;( ll '1., <lit f\1 tl 'i (311 <'I *"I '1.), 3lfuf11 <1m cfuf I
31 fc1 tl I, f<'ll H 'i, 3/l;i; fli 'i, U-: 1-1 i; I #I :t i"lfll
if> Eflf- 31 ~ .
\.l'-l Ic; ~tj I i!ilfl1tl (311<'1fll), 3lfc1tll, ffl.ll'1,
Etl 3l<!l; :t I <it"fPl<t, I: Ef'lf:- 3/1 4 fl.l <1l!TI" J;!l-lTc;" I
311 t!;J cfll 'i, 31'14?11'4 (314':141) tj I <IT ~ :t I <it'•t_.J's\ if> Eflf- 31 C'i wl I
G:tT 4.ftct1#1m:- mm:, "!fill, ~ 31'14?llQJ I
'ilctl4'1. ('icti,:), ~ . \.l<';J{i: Gfl' 4.ftct1 <F<il"lfl- mm.
'34'116,
(!.lc;l~I:), fc1fuf11, '34'11!$:, :tllqll'i, "!fa'! (!.IRlWIC:'1), \.IC:lf1, ~ .
'll<IT, 'i c; ,ttj I 1-11 ctl 4, 'll<IT, :t 11 q ll, fc1 fu f1 I "(!il!T
3Jlcl 31 f.'t ll i;ll :- fc1 <'1~:, fc1tj 1,:, l-J"G: I
C(>~ cJt,ll"t, fl'l;i; 'i, mm:. '111:, l!T'i:, 31'1o 31 f.'t ll i;l- fc1 <'1 ~, fct't!R,
fc1 RJ Fcl, ctl I tj I <lit ilt ,ll, f.'rl:1, '111, \.I Rl t1 "(!il!T
59-72 i!gefv: fciJl?]c/f/fiMN/. l!T'i I
J1"IT'<l:, 31 \.I If?a:, f.'t cfi Ill f1 'i'fl'T:, 59-72 t/tc;t; fcm?Jctrtf!MN-
JffiW (31fi8icfi:), 31fi8Jcfi- m, 31\.11 f?a. Pt"' 11.1f11-i'lfjlj,
{i 'i I 4 Ri-J: , p.,..,\,,...,,,.....,.p,:
1"1'<1t-1~+11Y1rn. ---1+,,-:
\Jl 1q,
3IB"$11 (31 fi 8J cfi), 31 fi 81 cfi f1 'i I
i:iTifi'r , ~. fu.m'r:, 31 f.'t fl.l <'11,
%'n, ~ . ,!JUT (uf\cr),
;:;nfi'r, ~. fu.m'r, 3l f.'t i;-1.J ci I,
'il'icfilll:, 4C:cfilll:, dl"1'1cfil1.J:ttj I
'il'icfilll, 4Gcfilll <1l!TI" dl"1'1i!>lll I
';fl1. ~: (73-75)-
ifR 3/fl?<ljrt wf (73-75)-
31 lcfil:tl:, !.1Rlfi&i1Pt,ltf:, ;mm'l-
311cfi I:t I, \.I Rl fi &11 f.'t ,ltf \lillT
,4 cell IPt -ilt1 :tt1 Rl I 31 \.I Rl fi cell IPt ,ltf I
4tji;ctl~ Eflf : 1-11 '<11?6 ~ - Seventy-five phenomena: 1-11.
tj~Rf.'s: 1.1. m 81 f.'s: 1.1, ai Iffl ifif.'s: 1.1, a. Eleven forms- Eye sense
R1 E: ~ f.'s; ll ,
"' 111 f.'s; ll , ~. 'tfi,c;"' faculty, ear sense faculty, nose
1,.£1', ffi, ,rn "cell ~ 3l Fc1 $\f?a sense faculty, tongue sense
"'ffl I faculty, body sense faculty,
12 frlm form, sound, smell, taste,
13-58 {947c.fif! ilfq- Gfl' tangible object and non-
'Ii; 1"fPI if> Eflf- cl c; '11, "ITTIT, revelatory form.
t1 <'1 '11, ~ . 'i '1 f J,: , U""G, 12. Mind
~ . ~. f1'111i1 <1l!TI"
13-58. Forty-six mental factors-
b. Ten main bases of mental
>f$1T I
factors- Feeling, discrimina-
622
tion, intention, contact, mental names, collection of words and

engagement, aspiration, belief, collection of letters.
mindfulness, concentration and i. 73-75. Three uncompounded
wisdom. phenomena- Space, analytical
c. Ten bases of big virtuous cessation and non-analytical
mental factors- Faith, cons- cessation.
cientiousness, suppleness,
equanimity, shame, embarrass- '\r.l'S'\'"IIIC:'21'"1!'\'~I ( f.r''jJJ'</,; -~~·qq·
ment, lack of attachment, lack JJ'fW" ' 1" ') ~ il\'3l' ilc:"' ~-"l'\ql"l/'SI
of hatred, not harmful to others
and effort. ~3i"AA""l'\'1ri;,i·q1 ~il\·~·;,i,f-z:i1 ~"·
d. Six bases of big delusions-
lack of faith, laziness, closed- ~-&,;,i"· ~;,i·q1 ~"·~·&,;,i"· t"·q·'\c:·1
mindedness, sloth, agitation and ~"·3f&,3l"'S3i.~"·!s-z:i1 {&i·;,it3i·q1
unconscientiousness.
e. Two bases of big non- {3l5\<1"&1'\''II ~c:·s·&i·;,i(il\''11 "lz:i"·
virtuous mental factors-
Shamelessness and non- &j·;,i-z,;,i·q·&)1·q1 ~~1l.-~z:J"l''!i"~9"1
embarrassment. roc:·?.f·i1l.-~CJ"'~·~9"·q1 c:c:·qa.·
f. Ten bases of small afflict-
tions- Anger, malice, conceal- ~z:J"l"~'~9""<1J ~-;,il'9·~·~t1"1'~'
ment, resentment, jealousy,
miserliness, deceit, dishonesty, ~9"1''11 9tlJ"l"59""~·~9-~c:-~9"·
harmfulness and haughtiness. <II ;,i~"-q"-~9""'11 ;,i·9uf·z:i"·
g. Eight indefinite levels of
thought- Rough investigation, ~9"1''11 ~a_-~,,rz:i9·a;9"1"<ij ~·s·
subtle investigation, regret,
sleep, anger, attachment, pride '\"-'S"'<l"'lfSl ~-~;,i·q"'"-$"3l'<IJ ~a_-
and doubt. f"<>19· UJc:"·~c:· z:i 'le:. z:i I "l"'il\·ufc:" ·~-
h. 59-72. Fourteen non-
associated compositional "(9"· q1 i1f;,i·q·f;,i·q1 ~-9~·z:i1 l
factors- Attainment, non-attain-
ment, equal state, non-discrimi- ".E,"l'<i\ l~"l''l"-"19"'11 l~;,i·q·&)1·q1
nation, meditative absorption ~'t"l'<i\ l~il\';j'~"l"l"<ij UJ3i"Ol9"1c:·~c:·
without discrimination, medita- -
tive absorption in cessation, life <>19·~3i·;r~;,i·'1"-·"-S". q1 9~9". q·"z:i·
force, birth, aging, endurance,
impermanence, collection of
~z:i·&l1·~c:-~"l"'l"-''\9'<1\ 1;)·~;,i·q1 1;)'
623
,,
2!.? --" ll µ 4£1? -o>l! ll 2! ll{ ~ _'.D ~ W 8</ 12 ~ -3> 4B _'.Dfr i'. ll ll .a32 a!
· 6.q - QJJ Ji -9! Ji uV ~? ~ n .a f'! ;» .q 61.LI Ot ~ ~ - - n .T!
-14 ill! --" ~ ll --";! ~ ~ µ "' ~ - 2! Ji ,, ~ ~ -" ~
l' ;i 6ll ll f1 ~ 2 --" f1 ~ __,,., . - 2 .E ~· ""'!
;, =,,.. "-""
, ' -= Jl,·
,; Jn . - ,j{ ~ ,; '! ,; ~ 2! -"! ~ ,; " ~· Jn ~ -"! ,j -"! 1i
2] ~ = - ~~ - ...B .il~ Jn.e 2l, ~ ~ -{: 1l llJ ,, ,,;
, .n
~,-
~, . ,--"
, ·-"' --1-l~ ~ - """'' ·., n~ . n-
&, C Jn<? ,d! )'? l] - ,:j
- ~ i'. __,;, W 2! n~• ~ ~ 2! ,; ~
~- '! ,j i ;. µ> -"! i 2i 1l Ji 11 tj ~ ~ 2 .A ~ ~ - .d _]'
Hli ~ a .A 2 ~ ~ ,j "1 ~ ~ ..E 4' i -B - 4B 4B 3' ,; .nil} 2l
~ £Ill 2 - _;; 2 .-il ,; - l!IJl Jn.e ll
'! ""'
1~ ~ ~ ~ ~
_Ji)>~ 8tJ 2! .,.,~ - 11' t--1-l 2] ~ A,~-~~ i
2! µ_ -o>l! ,; " ,; 2! • • 2 . "' -"'
:ii. ,; --" ~ .E .
,; Jn,' ..E - ,.,, -"! - ,; "' ~ - 8" '! Ai! ~ ;i _.., ~· 2!{ ~ 2 ..E
" --" i'. 2! - ~ -"! ,j "1!>U ~ .nil Jn .il ~{ 2] ~ -J! (!R{
~ ~ 6ll 1:i ii==~~~ (IA?~ 61l ~ i'. "'--" -'<:i?~ ~ 4B
2 - "" -'<:i? ii., . -"! -"' ..;i -"! _Ji)> -"! ..E ~ - ..E ~ ~ " " 11' ~ i'.
11 =; -"! ~ ..E ~ 2! ~ ' " .E 4£1? 62 6lll " ~ 1:i · 62 <l.li
~ --" <n2 <41 2 """' ;:i Mio i'. n ~ 2! n il!I Jn.e ~ .E{ i'. _B ;i 2!
m, 6'! ~ a ,; ..2 ~ ;n ~ ,ii{ ~ u; 8<I ~ " ~ ~ _.., -J! ..;i = 01 .o1
~ 2 ~ ,, ~ ~ -"' ..E ~ i'. -"! ..E ll ,j -"' ,j{ ~ <!=!' .il ..E ~ ~ i'. -J! 1
~.1. j· .~ ~ 1 j' 1
~ ~~ 6Sj Ai! n · ~
.. .. ..
. l:.1 ··- -. · -"! JO!{ - ;:;,
-··· ---.. D,Jn')
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1
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~ : . LfHll.li'iiliOI\:. fl'lq,0\1:, ~ ffll31T '<'I ~ ; ~.
•
31 :!,4 15 i'1 iii clj f.s: l.11 :, '\'),4 RoIi'1- 31,l.l 'f1 c'f1'<IT '.!>!sl 'l O:g C'1 <ITT 'Of
C'1 C'i Ic'. I:, 'J:~C'i C'i Ic'. I:, '\'),4 R<[unrn- 6T.-Jl, '.!>!sl 'l O:g C'1 'If f.r:.r <ITT
'liTTT:, 'll'l<fl1~1cf,~II:. filac/,~11:, ~ f<1 f.1 fT<sl i'1 6T.-Jl, ~ fti i'i_<I I, <1j
~l:-Olcf,~11:, 3l<i.!5i'1cf,~II:, 314'<'q- fti i'i_<I I, ffii:r crufi fti i'i_<I I, ~ ~
-cl,-m:, ~ . ~lqffH-<IR-i'iili- q;:j[ cfi '11c; ctr"i'1"<1, x<R, ~
'1 ~ IcJ c-f ii ib q <:jj 4 'i1 'l ffl.11 Pc\ C'1 iIJ '1 ~ ~ x<R '<'I ~. ¥1 ~.
41fiil41C:i'1C'il: 'cl 1-Jqf.'a I cfiaur ~. fl'll.-J ~ . ~
~ ~ 31ttl) ~ \ i R - m-;r ~. '3 "'1 i'1 rflcfi, ~ rflcfi,
qOT cJ\1" "i'1"<1, . '11 i!sl'i, ~ '1 Ii!sl'1, fcl~IIC'i ~ . ~ ~ . tf'll
_.,~,.,, -A~
~ '11'5!,'1, '[rn (•rlC'ililii<) <1,l-1L -1l<:>1l<'YC'i Cfll ~':!>"' fl1~1
~ . Fc1,1a ~ . :!,<1>"1c1"1 Fclx1a ~ . fr1<1a ~ "¥ cre=r.
~ . 31{1.1«. ftm. 31{1.1«. ~ . 3lTl.l('f 'l!. fl 'l i'1 C'1 'II. fl 'l I'1 '<l', '<'I
31 {l1 «: lJc"l', 31 fcl q 'l ~. fftis"- ~ 'l!. fFpu 'l!. "lR ~ c'f'<!
fl1~1 TPl"f ili>i.-JI, ~ fl1~1 cf>Ui. fl'll.-J cf>Ui. 31~ q,cljf.s:11.
TPl"f c/? ~ '11, ~-fl 1~ I TPl"f 'ij4 Rfii Ii'1 C'1 C'i Ic'., fcl -R)_i'i C'1 C'i Ic'.,
c/?~'11, ~-fl1~1 TPl"f ili>i.-J I, ~ ~ '<'I fclq,Ria 'l'Riili, ~
~ cl>m x'flll.l ~ ctr fl 1 ~ I <ITTR cfm, era'\ cfm, fil iii~
3lR 'R ~ ili>i.-JI, ill'<''l'l cfm, 31 <-i 15 i'1 cfm, 314 '<' q cfm,
(fl R.l cfi ~ 'R TPl"f iii< '11 ), 3Jclw ~ cfm <fim ~lqffi, lf'lc'I,
~ 'R TPl"f cfi>i.-JI, ¥f ffl. fGl'I, f<I W Eighty minor marks of a
ffl, ~ ffl, ~ ffl, Buddha- Copper coloured
3lt8 ( ~ ) ffl, Fcl iliR1i'1 nails, glossy nails, elevated
ffl, Fcl~l.l ('<jfl15i'1) ffl. nails, round fingers, well deve-
~ 3f1T ~ ~,li•I, f<lfi'lx 'R loped fingers, gradually tapered
fingers, invisible veins, knotless
<1%"<'1" ~ ~ . ¥1 cgfe'r, 'r«-
veins, invisible ankle bones, flat
cgfe'r, 3l'lFf ~ . alflf ~ .
feet, walks in the manner of a
1T1'lfR '1lfi'r. ~ '1lfi'r. lion, walks in the manner of an
31 R11;..c;" ffl. ~ 3l]'qR '<'I
elephant, walks in the manner
<i "I "'I , GITT ~ R1 C'i iii 'R <1%"ff
of a swan, walks in the manner
ffl, ~ fl1~1 <fi~'lC'i 1,M, of a bull, walks to the right side
fFl<u tm3l'f '<'I ~ 6~. while turning, walks in a
625
Fiftyfour-Countless
beautiful manner, walks without ears are even, hearing faculty is

imbalance, a full taut body, a unimpaired, well defined
well buffed body, well forehead, broad forehead, fully
proportioned body, broad and developed head, hair is as black
elegant body-ma9<:Iala, perfectly as a bumble bee, thick hair,
developed marks, even pace, a smooth hair, untangled hair, not
clean body, smooth body, a unruly hair, fragrant hair, and
purified body, an unsunken hands and feet are marked with
body, developed body, subdued Srfvatsa, ausp1ct0us signs,
body, proportioned limbs and round Svastika, Wheel, Vajra,
sub-limbs, very clean sight Lotus, Fish etc.
without blurriness, round lips,
ei.<:;"1"1"1"!"&1~"!!]<;"1"CI!'\"1f "1<::"1 "$111 )
distinguished hips, not-crooked
hips, non-bulging hips, deep cii&1· ~°'I·o_'\"11 ~. ci~5i. ~9 "l"CJ I 'i 'll'
navel, navel winded to the right
side, entirely beautiful, pure in erto1· CJ I UJr:;· '\ 9· CJ"-{9 "1" CJ0,'"1<:: 111·!1111
all conducts of life, body is free
of freckles and moles (discolou-
~9'CJ'"f '"\Cl"l" '!:!' ~'CJJ Cl~ 'Cl","~9111'
rations), hands are very soft like CJJ "-~9·~5i·&1s5i·CJ1 .si·5i·iil'\·CJ1 ! 111 ·!i'
cotton wool, glossy lines on the
hands, deep lines on the hands, "''.i"l'qo_ 'l"'afCl'"'· Cl'.sj'<li'&l '\·CJ 1 (<i'<ij
long lines on the hands, not too
$"l'Clj "-~9'~<li·~·9"*lf1 ~3J"1'~'
long face, image can be
reflected on the face, soft o1s °'i'CJC\oJ';J<li·o1s <li 1 Jcr·CJ1 ~·<ll·UJo::·
tongue, thin tongue, copper
coloured tongue, voice is like ~1 5,r:;·~r:;·i<li·c:r1 l',11·~l1 ®·a.ii'9
that of an elephant and thunder,
"'~<li"CJJ OJt::"1''!:\'"-~°'1'"11 J,oJ'CJ",'C\~3i'<ij
sweet melodious gentle voice,
round fang, sharp fang, equal 9 ~ "1' '!:!'&l '\'CJ",' 9 '!:!r:;. er 1 ~"1·9~·!l111 I
fang, gradually tapered fang,
prominent nose, clean nose, (crl!l'Cl~'oJ<;C\"Clj Cl)'j'!j;"lj ~!lJ'!l!I'
large eyes, long eyes, thick eye
o1l'9 ~r:;·31t:'\1 Cl'\9'~'\'i<li'<lj ~~·
lashes, eyes are broad like the
petals of the blue lotus, big CJ",' !"l'Cl'oJ<;C\1 15Cl'Cl'\9 ~3J"1'~'iJOJ[
broad and hard chest, long eye
brows, smooth eye brows, eye l'"l'~oJ"l'~'\·~·'\crr:;·~9 J,oJ''J",'!.1~111)
brows are even, glossy eye v' ~
!cr111·i{1111
Cll\<li'CJJ UJ5i''i<li'!'3Jo5j
brows, thick and long ear lap,
626
~~ 8J'~ J<> J<> 2!
1-· · . ~. ~. ~ : -"!~ ~ .1l 1JR .!!
Jl11 ~\ Ji j,
2b -
~ ~
Li ..2l 61!3
"1i--" 'iin A~ ~2 1l_j,
11
"
. -··.·· -ciJ . . . 1..2i d!ci, 1l ..B ,; j 2l lJ -~~ 1
,~ I ~ ~ B ..2l ..2l ,; n --" n ~ ~ -
r~-
~ ~ a
.m "' '11 ..2l 2! &.I! j!} .J1 - ~ ..2l .!!J ,; lJ "
.· · •· . ·. . .n. -=i •• • 3' ~ ~· ""' ~ ..2l n· __g, ~ A> P. .J1 .o.±, - ,n ..2l ;, '!
,., ~ -,,., Ail &.I! " · "'
~ ll• .!!J JO
-· · n -"! __,.. n - n· w n· ;, <14 w -=~ n·
31 ~· ..B ,; ,,;; ~ _.,,. n 2!J ~ Li .!!J --" 2!J 11
64'1< - _.,,. .J1 "2) J! 6<!!3 - J!
.=v ,. ,_
- 2! I!'\ ,; 11 2l Jl. __g,
i 11 "- . j i
. . n _.,, J:!J .!! • n J< __g, ,. 6lD i!W
- ~ jJ - _.,,. =- 2!J <Gi> r ~ -" ,; Ji» - )< P. 2!J
~ ~ Li __EJ(( J! 2l _,., J! Jl n b 2! - Li Q1]) - 1 2l
~2].,~..B~ 2!- 8+
i-· ·i-· · .1 ~i
..
il~
. 2! 2! .J1 ..2l .
~
lJ
"'~~~
~ _.,,. ~ ~ 2!
~ .[1{ ..2l
.! 1· j .· ..· . .. • ~
Ii! .,,
- n~ - ,; 62
2! ,u, ..2l
_.,,. - n~ - ,; 2!
,,,,, _:>;}. ~
_!l .A2?
..2l _.,,.
,; !W!,
_.,,.
Ji, .I' ~ Jl ~ ~ .,.. ~ ~ ~ ..B --,e, ;; ~ n.!!· .Jl
- ' 2! "" -"'\ ..2l 2! " __.., -"'\ .J1
- _!rip 11 2! &.!! 9'\ ,; J'.V -"! .A2? .D\ 2!
=.!! 1l
_!._I_ _! -· · ~1 I I . .} I 11 ~· 'l\ ~ ~ ~ ~ J! ~ -" 2! ~~ ,j ~ f1.' t
~ ~
.....
11 *J I tl j[ iJ i~ - ti 1 11t
I t ii i:1 1i tl i i Jl i 1, ~ ,, i J t t JJJ Ji1<f :
Fiftyfour-Countless
f.14"1, 8i't<l5.£T- ~. ~cri~·cit'\'!'f"Cl l 'l''i"~l

f.lw\,. 'l)._4ci~I. 3l iftl ,fl, 'nasi,
~a<! Icg cg <'1'1 ~ 'i "<'121T >l:J; I
l~l fol~'~! -l'\' <l''.:~1 ,~r,;·1i'~l "fol'
The eighty names of Buddha- 1·~·~1 ~~·~1 af·,;;r~1 f,;·~·~1 i~·~1
Buddha, Bhagavan, Tathagata,
Arhat, Samyaksambuddha, ~l~l ,l~l w·~·~1 F~·~1 ~llJ,~~1
VidyacaraJJ.apanna, Sugata,
"li6'i~1 "li6~~1 ~"1~~1 ~.;~,
Lokavid, Anuttara, Puru~adam-
yasarathi, Sasta, Jina, Loka- ,i,UJ<>l~l ~gJ~I il!i~l ~~~1 \F~?~l
'
jyea.</~ha, Sarvajiia, TayI, Deva-
dhideva, Maharsi, Dharrna- ~(~~1 "f"l~l ~~1
swam1, 13,~abha, Nayaka, ?'~~, ~~~~1
Pari1,1ayaka, Vinayaka, Advya-
vadI, Sauddhodani, Dasabala, "11~~1 ':\i~I ~~~! ol~"l~I
Marajit, Sakyapuri.gava, Gopta,
Mahatma, VijayI, Vibhu,
~i~~l q~~l ~<>l~~l ~~':\"!~!
Visvantara, Sarvadharrnesvara, ~~~~~' ili~l i'\8l~1 "fl;<J~~,
Vira~, Dhiira, Glll).asagara,
Sara1,1ya, Sar~a, Vadisimha, ~"I~~"' ~~"11 ~~~, {"1~~1
Narottama, Marabhibhu, Aprati- il~~I <i,;11,,1 'l i6<'1'~1 (~~! ;,;~"1~1
pudgala, Vantado~a, Hatavisa, '
Anari.gajit, ~ac;labhijiia, Bhavan- ~i"l~l ~~~,

takrta, Aghahanta, Sidhartha,
Sakyasimha, Vararha, Varada,
il<J~~ I W"f~ I ~,!~~I
VIra, Samita, Santapapa, ':!~~~, l,,'<l~~l ol~~~, alfl~J
Sitibhuta, Sivari.kara, Nirdvan-
dva, Nirmama, Netii, "l~F~~I "f"l'"f"IJ "1~8l~1 ~~8l~1
Niravadya, Nirbhaya, VItatr~1,1a, ~~"1~1 "1~"1~1 "l'-~"1~] 'llllf"~ I
Niradana, Visyuta,
Subhadharrnakara, Dharmakara, ~q~,J~I ~ll1~1 ~~1~1 filj~~,
Suchi, Anupama, Trikalajfia,
VadI, Trido~apaha, <i~'i~l i'i'!"l~I ~~i;ll1~1 "I,!~"1"1
Tripraptiharyasampanna, Nir- ~~~~1 a£l~<1;,;~·~1,
mala, Triskandhapathadesika, •
Nirjjara, Suryavamsa, A.Ii.girasa, Tl(.!~:tl)Rl: ~411:- ~ . '41"1141,
Gaiitama, I4vakukulanandana fclfi41, ,,;lff'.141, ~l•H41, f1,i;41,
and Prabhu. ifi-s·ifiRq1,
'
l'.fl'141, 11RalllT,
628
-tfl,.g;•hql, q~1u11YI, ~11f.'aq1, ""

$l<;0iq1,
\
af.'i:iq1. il1-1Rq1. &l~•1q1. 11•11s,11:. -:l(,,c1q1,

ct>"i5q1, c1>..\Rq1, ~c1>1q1, 1,1q1, ~.
~111f&lq1, ffifktq1, tj-51q1, 'l@TI". q,s·cf>Zijql, QO('.lql, Zi11Rl,q1,
'
~ . 31Zill•h. cf>c1q1, 0l<l1q1, ilcjq;q1. ~ (•J,s;Rq1).
c/><,;ct>'iYI, ct>'<l<.1YI, ~~;•hql, cjRlc1>q1, .-J'j 01ql, "1111.-J"G,
~ . (1 f.'i:-1 q I, cgcgRq I, cgRlq I, tjqRq1, cj"-jct,YI, Pi&T1"Y"T,
Efl1"Y1. 1-1 f% c1 q I, 3l RJ 'ii q I, "fcl6": fuf&lq1. ~ . il.\Rq1, lifur-
('l'Jcla). 1f&l1q1, "j,'(jcgq1, ~ . ™· 4&lc1IYI, cf>.-J&lc1I. 'cf>c'l-
~c1>1q1. c1>'1c:f&lq1. c1>1-t1Rq1. cf>c1q1 (Rl,F&l-Rl,f&lq1). cf>'iif&iq1,
"1lc1~. ,l(,,c1q1, Efl1"Y1. £1(,,f&iq1, '3~f&iq1, cf>q1c1q1,
1'11cf>Rq I, ~. q.g;cf>Zil q I, Rl,,q1c1q1, {il'l-iYI, OOaT,
QO('.lql, \J1lR!,q1, ilcjcf>ql, .-i1•1o11rtr. c:1Rc1>q1. 9,a"11q1.
~ ('J.g:Rq1). cjRlc1>q1. q.-J5ql, $I'Rl, c1q1, 3J.-J,s;•1q1,
1'.),01q1, "1<111.-c;:, tjqRq1, <'!e4'icf>,:, fljS:ql <1~ cl.llf&iq1 I
il l-l1 et> q I, Pi&T1"Y"T, fu f&l q I, The eighty-four siddhas-
~. il.\Rq1. ~. Luhipa, Lilapa, Virupa,
4&lc1lql, ct>'i~<.11, ct><.1ct><.1YI Dombipa, Shabarapa, Sarahapa,
(Rl,F&l-Rl,f&lq1), cf>'iif&iq1, ~ - KaiJ.karipa, Minapa, Goraksapii,
fwn. '3~f&iq1, cf>q1c1q1, Chourangipa, Vi1.1apa, Santipa,
Rl,,q1c1q1, {il'l-iql, 00/ff:, Tantipa, Chamaripa, KhaiJ.gapa,
.-i1•1.i1rtr, c:1Rc1>q1, 9,a"11q1. Nagarjuna, Ka1.1hapa, Karnaripa,
q.-J5q1. q;1Rl,c1q1, 3l.-J,s;•1q1, Thakanapa, Naropa, Shyalipa,
Tillipa, Chatrapa, Bhadrapa,
<'leaflet>,. fljS:ql, ,1.11f&iq1 ~ I
Dhukhandhi, AjogI, Kalapa,
'<l'l,1tfl ~ - ~ . '41c11q1, Dhobipa, KaiJ.kanapa, Kamba-
fil'<'lql, -s1f?.iq1, ~1o1,q1, fl,5q1,
lapa, I;>ingipa, Bhandhepa,
c1>,s;c1>Rq1. 41.-iqi. 1ITT&T1:11. Kukuripa, Kuchipa, Dharmapa,
-4),:.g-ihql, q"1u11YI, ~llf.'i:iql, Mahilapa, Achintapa, Bhavaha
'
af.'i:iq1, il1-1Rq1, {!l.g•1q1. , 'iT'TT- (Bhava((ha) Nalinapa, Bhusu-
'1'1, c1>05q1. c1>..\Rq1. ~c1>.-iq1, kupa, lndrabhiiti, Maikopa,
.-i,1q1, ~111f&lq1, [afktq1. tj-51q1, Kodaliypa, Kamparipa, Jalan-
'l@TI", ~. 3l"1l•h. cf>c1q1, dharapa, Rahulapa, Dharmapa,
' "
tfl<ilql, ct>.S;ct>'iYI, ct>'<l<'IYI, Dhokaripa, Medhimpa, PaiJ.ga-
~~:•hq1, 11.$rr, af.'i:iq1, cgcgRq1, japa, Gha(apa, Jokipa, Chalu-
cgRJq1, W[q'T, 1-1f%c1q1, 31Rl-iiql, kapa, Godhuripa, Luchikapa,
"fcl6" ('l'Jcia). .-J f&l .-J q I, ' .l,xj'lj, q I, Nagu1.1apa, Jayananda, Chap-
629
Fiftyfour-Countless
ripa, Champakapa, Bhiksanapii., "!3"!~·i11?iJ1~· 'iJ/ r::·Qr:: ·f"- '"@"i' I

Dhilipa, Kumbharipii., Charba-
ripa, Mai;iibhadrapa, Mekhalapii., 9 ~9 l!J'f llll!J' '1:!' c1'f'\'r.Jf'l. 'lll'lc:·t! c:·~ "'·ci ~'\'
Kanakhalii., Kilikilipa, Kanta- ')C:. !!JC: l!J' 9~9· r.J.{11
lipa, Dhahulipa, U<;lilipa,
Kapii.lapa, Kirapii.lapii., Saga- 3tOcl'lnRI: G'lf'1~lll:- E}J/?iwrt
'
rapa, Sarvabh,tl(~a. Nii.gabodhi, ~~ ~:i!5114x-ki.lfl.l
Dii.rikapii., Putalipa, Panahapa, ~ i;rg-m:, 'fi '.J,G i.l 14 'fi f1H,Q 'fl1<1,
Kokilapii., Anangapa, Laks- ~ ~. 111•1\4
mikara, Samudrapii. and 'fi f'-1 {i.l ~ ~ gi.l 1:t't1 fa I
Vyalipa.
3/lcffe/'1lfrl: ~-~
s.i(z:;Qls.ri·"l"~r~·111(1:;t!c;'~'i'ffi<l'<tt'j'$1' ~~~.
f'<l!'i! "-~'i·f111l!J·~·,ii:;·g·oi!c:·,ic:·~ Ei 18i:tlt:'l\'1gil'R:J: ~:'fif'-1Hi
'Bi'I,>":
-, ~'
g 1.11 '1' ~ fa EJ 1'1' qR ,1.1 vii
9~l!Jf 9~9l!J'fllll!J'~',!i(i:;·1jt;'~"'' 31<1~1'<'.I 31'<'.IFc\:tlfa:tti I
ci~'i I 9~9l!J'3l"i'f111l!J'~·51'1i'i:;· t!c:·~ ._. J11c1fclw!?I. ~~

~~~.
q~'i. qiSl!J 'f llll!J'9 '1:!Ill''I'!'I'q( llll!J'lll'lC:. Ei 18i:tl~:t\.-igil"'I: ~·'fi ,i.l 1'11
Ql!J ·t1 c:·s· ~· ~l!J· ~· q~1· ar1·'-l"-·111~'i' CJ' ~ : ~g1.114 ~faEJ14 qRfi.1vii
31<1~1oe1 31oe1Fc\:t1faRfa aa~-
51 (')'"1l!J'9'1:!C:l!J'.f11 5'"i''<f;?iJ1~j· fuia11 ~ I
'
31~d~1 '<1"'n .-: ,.. f'1 ~ ll'- cffTWTg ii
JJr::-s'&/~ ·t1r:: ·if,f~~r
otrr-f!?i ;-;ef.--J&2l--- ~•"& 3114,1,1.1
,,_~')''-l"-' t9''l~'i·!· ,ic:·g·ci~j'')C:' f 'J'I' cfi G<i ,rg-i:i' 'fi '.l,<'; i.l 3114 'fi ,i.l cfi
-me!, f.Rm 3114 'fi f'-1 cfi -me! i:[ci
~c:-~·,ic:·;1·q~'\1 "-af9·ci~'l·!·,ic:·s·
1Wf 3114 'fi f'-1 <fi 3Tio I ~ m
q~'I \ "1111'<1~'1'!' ,ic:·g·q ~')'<liSl!J'lll'lc:· ~ isicll,i ffl t I
,ic:·~ '!:!' ~l!J·'1:!111·~·.f·9~ l!J'UJ'i I "13"!~· ~ 'cfi 31=g1=':/~?i c:w.--J&ll-
~ ~ ~ ~ -i't
f'iJ/~j·iJ/~'!ft::'f "- "'@'f~f 9~9l!J' ~ fa El (ffi) "'161 ma-r t. 3lcl:
f llll!J. '1:!'Fc:-~· 3l 1.r.J l!J'"-~'i'fIll l!J·~·111ic:· ~ 1'f fc1 t1 'i I"I isJ ctftti
c; :t\ '1 g lfl -tj '{'[ 't'lR 3114 'fi ,l/1 ~
,ic:· ~ 9 ~ l!J'"l l!J' ci~ 'I' ci~o: t! c:.S'fc: ·r-J'· ~ 't'lR ~fa,Jj cJiT Dl-si/5,
q~ '\"'·cif'l.. ~9· 111·~ "'. q~'i. UJ'i1 311;1~,i ffl t I
630
S'-'ti::rilai41·1q"-· '"-S'"1iqt· '"1 "1

~ - 'i!f fcl~Pil'-1 3i81~f1
~~\1g,i ~ t I
;;,·:t_41·9 al11Jlll 1 sa.41·q1 "i"''"'l"a· ~._.
The eighty-eight objects of ?:i1 ;}i\';i'q~c;·?:i1 "l"l'i\'~ll "-1\"''
abandonment to be aban-
doned on the Path of Seeing- '\""l'"l~i\'5"-' ~"-'" I ir;J·q·~a.41· o1· ~a.·
Thirty-two objects of abandon- ""-'il"l·"ll 41q·~c;·?:i1 "'!Ii;,·a"ll ~;,·
ment within the Desire Realm
(ten related to the truth of ?:i· i a·,'"l "l"l'i\·~;,· ii\ I "l"l'i\':i"l' ~·
suffering, seven objects of ~;,·?:i·i I i 1·"i\'~i\·?:i·i I 9~·;,·~i\·r:r
abandonment related to the
orzgzn of suffering, seven i1 ~;,·i;,·CJg941·q1 '\1i\'"'t"l·~c;·
objects of abandonment related
9i\lll I ~;,·?:i· iq· t~1 ~;,· i;,· ~QJ' i;,1
to the truth of cessation and
eight objects of abandonment ~'~.a·~c;·?:i1 9i1:t_·~·~c;·?:i1 ~;,·?:i·ia·
related to the truth of path),
twenty-eight objects of aban- ~c;·?:i1 '\'l"l'~·~c;·?:i1 '\~'r;JQ,'~c;·?:i1
donment within the Form '\~ 'r;J·s·ai·il 1·qa· ~ c;·?:i1 ~ ·/;J~;,·ll)f1941·
Realm (since there is no anger
in the Form Realm and the qq·~c;·af1 c1l·~41-~c;·?:i1 ~-..a·~c;·?:i1
Formless Realm, excluding four
~c;·~·c,,~;,·~·~c;·?:i1 q:iq·~c;·?:i1 ~...
angers one each related to the
Four Noble Truths, it becomes q:t_·~QJ·/;Ja·.i·/;J1 ;1;,·;i·£i9 s·a.·&)'\'qa·
twenty-eight in each realm.
They are: nine related to the £19 "-lt;lll'GQ,'3)9 ;}i\';i'Y'\'"l"'I q:iq·
truth of suffering, six objects of £19 ;1;,·;,41 ·a.~41 ·"1 c1l~ 41 ·~i\'"I ;}i\'
abandonment related to the
origin of suffering, six objects of ;i'{'\'qq·,l~llll ~QJ'r;JQ,'i'~llll iii:;·~·
abandonment related to the ~a.·q:t_·(QJ'"I ~·i;,·2iil.·15" 41 ~-~"1·?:i1
truth of cessation and seven
objects of abandonment related ilc;·~a-~·j9lllf =1q·M_·15c;41·~·c;·(
to the truth of path) and the
same twenty-eight objects of
{941'!.lf llJlll'G'&l\<ll S'"'';}i\''\"'9"1'
abandonment within the "ll .ll'/;JQ,'~'\I ~-a.a·~'\I c1l·~ 41 ·~1I
Formless Realm as described in
Abhidharmakosa. q=1c;·jc;·1 ~;,·r:r g·c,,~;,·9~;,·~:t_·~:t_·q1
631
n -" Jl 2:! ~ n n J.M .....n JI fl\ µ n -" aa -" l!3{ att J!"
<l=i' ft.. ~ ii "'K .Ji, 2i ,, T! :1' - w lJ !'\ ii'! .,,ii 11
.;,i,,, ii'! -"' ....!l -"' -"' u, ,; ....!l --',! -"' __!:i
t~ ;:,, il
1-"' ....!l,.., -"" ~ (t.!:I, il il
°"' ,,A Jl,
ii'! " .il (t.!:I> Jll ,; ,, . .,, E, ....!l (t.!:I> .il Jl> n ii'! n ~ n _Ju{ illi _,;
wi, .,;, illi, !'l ,j il> JJl! - J! zj? --" ii'! .;,i,,, Li .,.i,,, ,;E A' .,; ~ -:l J!l -"' i!:i .,:
_,. - Jll ~' ;:, a _,. a " ....!l - - " A' " .il illl\ ~ ~ "'-" "'
J.j ~ 6JD \J: il 2! .il - .JI{ 61' ,;, -"A' _0 m i!:i, ""' ~\ ~\ - ~ J £
n ~ lJ ,:; ~' A' Li ~ .ilJ ....!l · ~ ~ ~ 6(t.!:I _ju 3l'
,:,_!,- J){Jll~ ....!lllli ,l'l ~__9'
~ 3'
2'. - ~ ~
. Jll .,. _J1 (!Li, lJ\ ii'! ii'! .fi\ U! 61 <!=I> ""' 6(t.!:I ,, •
ii'!\ Jl ,11{ .Ji -"' (!Li, illl{ .,; - ft>J ~ J! o'.-cl i!!i J!:i{ -" P\ - ~
- ii'! il .au ~ - __9' !!l{ ~ . 2!) ..,, -"' T! ii'! .,; J! .
n
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~' • ~ ~ .Ji ;;, J! .Ji "-" ...!;, :8 A' A' ~ _'ll -"' ....!l
...,; "
u:i ,; _Ju\ Li
ft\ ";;!' T! --"
_,,..~ _,;~ ....!:! n -" .;,i,,, 1!'Jo ~ ~
"'' E.> " ~ - .,, ii'! ,, ""' ..Ji, ii'! lJ - "'K
,i
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- ii'! · ~ ii'! ....!l a~ - n n' ~ -"' "" Jl ,: - T!
.:W ;; 4lJ ll!' .Ji w P il .0il "-" ,ik ii'! P> <l.!¥' n' 2i 6(t.!:I ,,
Li W\ .,; ft, T! ....!:! /!l{ Li __,,. ~ l P\ Li U!' Li _,,~, P\ J'l J'1;( ~ _J1) ~~ j
JlP Ji µ, JI 2:!.? ~ n Jt ...I3 z. n -" Jl:, 2:! .2 Ji -" I] _11 n J1 =..
~ ········ -.- . ·---- ·1
1
.· . ~· . . ..
Jltll ~ii l~l. JI
It· !I' .i j
Fcl/61~<1:, ., TI(,l, "1fi'i <l c1 ~ ~ 11'< £1 >ITTT, '<jc.! ">< ,

cJ1,H-it11,01+1~~<1fa I 31 q,/1 ft1 aa G1 I, 31 RJ RJ c/>'i<-<l-
Jq if'l I'1 ~ '11 '11 f1'I El <1) ~ th·tff <ff 1DG Fc1161~a. $11.-iFcl'ifa 11'4 <fm
.Jlll- 31 c1 c1t Fch 21 ~ c1x. fu, '.f{, cJ 'JI >i-iei I'< 0 If1 f.tr I
311c/>1~1'11-f, ~ . cJ'Jlq1fil1, Ninety-one different Bodhi-
~~' +i4..flc1,01fc1tili"41, sattvas- Avalokiteswara, Mai-
~ . ~ . ,c'-14>\)., treya, Akasagarbha, Samanta-
,c'iqJfill, >ic'-1'.!'i_'l!!td, >ic'-1'.!'!!,c'., bhadra, Vajrapfu;J.i, Manj usriku-
>ic'i'q-s, >ic'icJtc'., ,c'ilc/>'( miirabhiita, Sarvanivara,:iavi~-
>ic'i~l<Sl,, ~. cJ'>l'l"f, kambhI, K~itigarbha, Maha-
{jcJU\>11-1, ,M'l'lf, ~ . ~ .
sthiimaprapta, Ratnaketu,
~
Ratnapa,:ii, Ratnamudgahasta,
~..,J'-1'"-]l,"1'"1..,, <f:!11'1<'1'1'lf 1 al'i'l"f
.;!'I ,
Ratnamuku(a, Ratnacii9a,
~4•1'4, ~. q~p11-f,
Ratnakiita, Ratnakara, Ratnasi-
fc1 '.!Rffi iFi;; , f1 •Ffl 4 '.'1, q 'U 4 '.'1,
khara, Ratnadhvaja, Vajragar-
fc1J.Jc14'.'1, Fc1~11c14'.'1, +1J.J.-a<1\q~,
bha, Suvar,:iagarbha, Ratnagar-
f1 'I "tJ!.11 f1 I~ cl> , $11 'i cJ <f1 , ,1 '1 "<'1- bha, Srigarbha, Subhagarbha
il IR'."'l J.J fa, GjlJJ.Jfa, R-i!!Fc1iB1~<1, Subhavimalagarbha, Tathagata-
'ii, I ETI 'l«l ,, I G1, R-is'i Ic; 'i Ic;"J, garbha, Jiianagarbha, Siirya-
7Tl"TI, til 'l «l, 'i I~ <1, 31 jq fc:t '<1, garbha, Samadhigarbha, Padma-
t14'1c11q•1<1, tj'i;;~'lf, ~4~'1-f, garbha, Vimukticandra, Saman-
$11'i~'lf, 11~q1c1, ~'(i~l<Sl,<R- tanetra, Padmanetra, Vimala-
=""..:;i'''t,..", cJ'(iUIJ.Jfa-= :.5·11,·c-,", netra, Visalanetra, Samante-
~-~, f.'klJli'J,<ln, ryarpatha, Samantaprasadika,
~. "'-1lfat.1-1tf1 ~ ' Jiianavafi, Samantacaritramati,
r.<M-= 'l'l'i'IG1 ' ~~'Iii Jayamati, Simhavik!"I«:lita,
~ '"!:, " ' "b."• b. '
3Ja-JmlJ""'ijfa°", ~ ' ~ ' Mahagho~asvararajiia, Simha-
G1 Ifc:t .--i"J ~lf, cJ'4 'i I'i 'i fa, ,1 'i "<'1 ~'1, nadanadI, Gambhiragho~asvara-
niidita, Anupalipta, Sarvamala-
311 ~ ,lJ' 11-f, f14fc1 'l lJ IcJ I'<11 "1-
pagata, Candraprabha, Siirya-
c/> I'<~ Fa11 l'i c; ~l'i' I'If, 31 'i <1' l'lf,
prabha, Jiianaprabha, Bhadra-
fc1 'i c1' 11-f, "lJ'I fa"4c1'i Ifil"'ll' l'lf,
pala, Merusikhara-Kumarabhiita,
cJ(jjf11,/, f.'klJ~'lf, 311'{!'1"'1", ~ -
Varunamati Kumarabhiita,
~'!<In, :).S'.!'<1, 31'11\clc;~fi. "Wi-. Sumati-Kumarabhiita, Nityod-
~ . ~ . 31jqsaJ.Jfa, yiikta, Sumiirthaviha, Jyoti~-
f1 <'lJt Ritt '<1 io t<1, .-i c;"J c: rn, Fc1u11.1- mati-Kumarabhiita, Durdhar~a
Fc1 iii Iifl, "1 , Kumarabhiita, Gaganagafija,
u1•1tnm, "1.1'JR'itJ.1'f, 1;c1>c1>1"<'11- SiiraiJ.gama, Ak~ayamati, Prati-
633
bhanakiita, .. Gandhahasta,
JalinTprabha, Vardhamanamati,
'\~·1s·1si·9 "l '\'\·r.i1 i;·<F~1!-1·r.i1 ~OJ·
S'.lIIlantaprabha, Adityagarbha, a:f'\'r.i I "-\'\' i6"]"l'a:l'\·r.i1 ~. ~i;·a:i'\·r.i1

Sarvavi~ayavaptal ailkaraprati- "1~'ij"1'a:l'\·r.i1 1sl<1·a.~"ll ~a,;·s_i;"II
bhanadarsanagarbha, Amalagar-
bha, Vimalagarbha, Jyotirjvala- 'l"j'OJ'\i 1s,;i;·fa.i1!-11 ~a.i·r.i,;_·aj·q~·
rcirmogarbha, Vajrasara, Asu-
gandha, Nityaprayukta, Guha- '"~ll
gupta, Amoghadarsi, Susam- :-fol\'a"l "-\'\·a;"l"II F,;·[§1 ,;·~"'!
prasthita, Anik~iptadhura,
Anupahatamati, Nityotk~ipta- a.i·~"l'CJI 'll·ga.il <>f"l·'l/~11
hasta, NadTdatta, Vijayavi-
kramT, Jayadatta, Vigatasoka, ,·fol\'~11 fi·1s1 "'F"i'"-~"il c,.a;Q·r.i1
Jagatidhara, Jyotisprabha, a.i"l'CJI !:!"1'\"1 ~".11 ~I "1af·Q1
Ekakantaraja, Bhiimibalavai-
saradyadharT, Sucandra, Apara- ~"l"l'CJJ ~a.i·CJ'-'"-~'QI ('.;s·a:i'\·r.i1
jitateja, Acittikamadhyabuddhi-
vikfTc;lita, Jfianavibhutigarbha
~ai·a:l'\'"11 a.i·'\'\'CJJ ai·<>f1 <l"1'~'\·r.i1
and Buddhavajradharai:iasandhi. Qt'\'~"11 ~l!,l'Q~i\'3.l'dJ"i'CJI Sl;'QI
i°"'1''\~'1i'~"1~"'11 9 -Jq J;JJJ;J<V't:JJJf· ~'\·r.i1 ~a.i·"liil,;·t,11
"'1cl.'f3.l"II ~cl.·fa.i"'ll a:icl.·fa.i"'ll <%,;· "l"lol\'"'i"'·Q~l "1~'\ I "-~\CJJ {"l·r.i1
~·fa.i"II .si"1·~·'\Q,;·<i'1 ~·Qcl.''\Q,;·<i'1 '\~'\'CJ'Qill!,!'~11
1"'''\Qr;·<i'1 ~"'''\Qr;·<i'1 ',i"l'~''\Q,;·<i'1 ~·lif~'S'i'"'s'"',ff ",, - 10 °€i:J·r.i1
"1~"1"'11 s\l ~l (1 ;:,"l.SI ~a.i·r.i,;_~"1 a.i·li'Q'CJj l';\"l'3J")3.l\ "-~'~"l'a:l'\'r.J\ "'1'
?t ... ... ....,..
;:ic '\·a.i·u.i"i·r.ia.·"l~"l•r1sil"l'"I \I ~ I!,!'~ '\·r.icl.· i 3.l"l'Q.~"l a.ii]"j'r.Jcl. {31 ~·
iJi<i"'§,::·,::"'!J1 9" - (,(, 'lol\'"'~~·r "-~"1 ~"1 a·1s1 ~·Q1 "lol\"'l·r.i1 &i'i'll'
l',;_·1s1 a.~·~"11 ~a.i1!-1·r.i1 ;:,"l·r.i1 ell'\· r.i1 al,; ~·l'"j"lj 1"1·~·i"1"11 uJ·~~·
OJ' s'\. CJ?i.'ll ~
it'"]"l'CJil"l'"III
..-
'!.!"l'~l!,!·~1 C1.~"i·r.i1 <{i<iq«:J!J;J<V't:l@'ff· i 9 - ii 1'1'

~,; .~:~"ii ~1!,1·,;_1s·Q11 "l~·~a.i·~"II 11ol\'cll'\·~a.i·~"II .si"l·~·~ill·
634
t,J,;·~~'l.Jl &,'t:10,' &,ol't.J>;'~~·r.i1 'll"-'<1,3J' '.!fq 11,"2R1111. aH-i ll ui "11'\. «<.11-1 'l,
3il<i,,11'\, ~~ I
r.i,;·~~·r.i1 ~i'l.·.i,.;,·r.i,;·~~·r.i1 ~~·~·.i,.;,·
r.trc!I?: 31Rllr11:- h'fi'l~;i,~1-1. cB1ib,111-1,
' < '
r.i,;·~ ~·r.i1 &i'\'~'\'<l,3J'<J>;'~ ~·r.i~11 fi111qj:, fc1til,~-il I
67-800 r./g i{"' 1P-'c/"'!,!!J=cfrt=?-1""?-<:»~J?~J:·-
"51!,/'if/'51!,/'3'$'1!,/1:1~1- '\f -1"'1 '\ol' mfi<r: ' 31 ll If'<i: ' f.1 qi 111 fl 'l'WT: '
°'fl"'1 ij'•ij',;·i:i;l!\~·o_ilfI!\ ~ ij',;· 3Rl"$11 (31 {-i 81 qi: ) 31 {-i 81 qi fj 1-11
i:ifcn:, ~:, 'Gfrcr:,
i:i~l!\~·ll'I·~ ·o_ilf1!!·r.i1 ~ ·F°·'l·~'\·i:i~~· "l"ITT,:, iJRT, ~~:, 31 f.1 <.'ll 11 I,
'11'1qil11:, 4i;qil11:, cl.1ui'iqill1~-il I
ij'll
81-880 31efc/Effe1$!1.-11R-
fi',-1<1Rl: QlTI: : 1-150 4r./c/i!/ 311c111 fc1 $11 '1 '\, fc1-c1 "cfc1 $11-1 '\,
'{iil/tfu!- ~' ~. 'qAffcj $11 '1 '1, '>ii ?I fc1 $11 '1 '1, '11 ff! qi I
~ : . cfl<];~:. 'i'.l~Rf.'s;11'l,
"' '
fi1 $11 '1 '\, fG-1 ~~ Ifi1 $11 '1 '\,
'
"ibl'<1'-
~~f.'s;l1'\, -11fflq;f.'s;11'\, ~ - fi1 $11 '1 '1, 1-1-11 fi1 $11 .-i 'cl I
'
f.'s; 111-1, i/j 111 f.'s; 111-1, '"'111, ~ : ' 89-920 r/r<//'(' ~:-
' ' '
l,-£T:' tt[:' {',I'<'. cl.11-1, 31""'Fi1'""$1""1'<i""=,(ij~q 31 lqil~I:, i;ifc1{-i{,"1lf.'i,1t1:, 3l>lfi'l-
'
'cl I fi{,"11f.'i,11cf:, " ~ i® I
(1<1>4-ill'lkl 'i'tc'lfl:- 16-66 rfu ill-1~ tf1l : 1-150 4'f:t: "WT-
?-lef-;1,71·- tji;'il, ~ . '<111-11, ~ ~. arq mg, c1""1' ~.
ffl:, '1'1«f>l,~'<1Fc1 I cfT<3: ~. ~ . ~1~f.'s;11,
rfu Fcif.'tl!rfl:- U"""i;":, ~ ' '11 ff! qi f.'s; 11, fG-1 ~ 4f.'s; 11, i/j 111 f.'s; 11,
~ : , fi'llfi):, >f$1T 't! I ",(ij"q, ~ . 1,.£1', ffi, {',I "ccl.1 <1:1.TT
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31!.1'1 Ic;:, '3""Qlffi, 31 fi1 ffi,i I i® I <1:1.TT 1-1 '1 «f> Ix I
!/c' Hc'/c/r1i!//: '111: < !,I fc11-1: "'lf-1: 'lli-1' Fcl r.i ll <'1 U"""G, ~ .
t,,
~ . fi 'i Ifu <1:1.TT >f$1T I
I I
31 fc1-a I, fc1 fi1 Fcl, cti I, fi'rui I'i_ f&-: ~ -ii I

fcl~frl: i34cf&m.- w'ITT:, '34-ils:, • <l Ix1; '!l."Uc1'- -%ID, c1 w-1 I,
314?!1Ll.1 (314?!41), 3RT'T, ~ .
Ja&T:, i,i<;J,1: (llc;l~I:), ~.
'11 ct1 ,j '\ (1-1 ct1, ), "1'T1'!T, ~ 11 <'\'-1 '\,
;wm,, c\h:I, ll"f<Er (>!~).
31 ll '11 c;, '3""Qlffi ~ 31 fc1 ffi fi I I
lfi;':, Fc1ffif11, 311i©cf'-1'\,
u: 'i,<'I' ~~- '111, !,I Fc1 1-.1, "'lT-1,
31'14?!1Ll.1'\ (31'14?141), 31l'>l~11'l,
31 fc1,a I, fc1 fi1 Fcl, ct1 I <1:1.TT
q,"i{fl-a '\ (311 c1 {-11 'j), ~,
fi'rui I'i_~ I
635
Fiftyfour-Countless
W- ~. 'dY'il!o, tion, intention, contact and

R~. Qc;l~I. ~ . 1-1[ ct1 4' '1TIIT, mental engagement.
~ 11 cl 1.1, "l"G", fclffit11, 3k1w11, b. Five determining mental
'
31'14-c1IQJ, 31-'>f.ITT. cf>~ffl~ factors- Aspiration, belief,
(311C'1fl1), ll 'i 1«. '.!fq afli RH1 1. mindfulness, concentration and
31,1 !.hii ../.I , x-<"111 '1. 31') 4 f11 Tim wisdom.
fcla)-q I c. Eleven virtuous mental
factors- Faith, shame, emba-
'<ITT" 31 f.'111 cl f.'t-ITT.
rrassment, lack of desire, lack of
fcl a iJi 01211 fcl i1 I, I
hatred, lack of ignorance, effort,
67-80. tile;& /4J./!jcffl?i?45N-
suppleness, conscientiousness,
mfi'cr. 31 '..11 fi<-1. f.1 if> 111 f1 '1'+1l1T, equanimity and not harming
~ (31ti~cf>) 3lti~cf>f1'11- others.
iiftn. ~ . 1l1Uf (~). d. Six root afflictions- Attach-
~. 'JRT, ~ . 3lf.'1f11cil, ments, hatred, pride, ignorance,
'11 '1 if> I<I, q c; if> 11.1 01211 &i ,,F1 if> 11.1 I doubt and wrong view.
81-8&. J/lo Jlc/>N cfi /c/#J.-/- e. Twenty secondary affiict-
311 "11.1 fcl $11 '1, fi!.C'1 <\:'. fcl $11 '1, tions- Anger, resentment,
'c!~Fcl;.11'1, ~-c1fcl;.11'1, "llffiif>l- concealment, spite, jealousy,
fcl;,,1'1, fti!'$.~lfcl$11'1, cf>ll.1fcl$11'1 miserliness, deceit, dissimula-
01211 '1 '11 fcl $11 '1 I tion, haughtiness, harmfulness,
89-92. 'flR ~- shamelessness, non-embar-
<
311cf>l~I. Qfafi&.11f.1~)s.r, .mrfu- rassment, faithlessness, laziness,
,4{..6111f.'1~11':f Tim ol1«11 I
non-conscientiousness, forget-
fulness, non-introspection,
Ninety-two phenomena: (1-15)
lethargy, excitement and distrac-
Fifteen forms- Element of earth,
tion.
element of water, element of
f. Four changeable mental
fire, element of wind, eye sense
faculty, ear sense faculty, nose
investigation and subtle invest-
sense faculty, tongue sense
tigation.
faculty, body sense faculty
Fourteen non-associated com-
visible form, sound, smell, taste,
positional factors (67-80) -
tangible object and non-
Attainn1ent, non-attainment,
revelatory form.
equal state, non-perception,
Fifty-one mental factors: (16-
meditative absorption without
66)
discrimination, meditative
a. Five omnipresent mental
absorption in cessation, life
factors- Feeling, discrimina-
636
force, birth, aging, endurance, s·ci5°i1 "la.i·ci~°i· ·!lz::.·s·ci®1·ci~"l·

impermanence, collection of
names, collection of words and a;{z::.· !JZ::."~',j' ®"l''!:jol"~' ~-"1~ "l' u:i\\11
collection of letters. "-\1·CJ,;,'\"1"CJ~°i"~"'~l!Z::."::J,'CJ~""\l
~ c,.;? .,,.
"" I
Eight consciousnesses (81-88)-
Foundational consciousness t"1"l'"l'1/'Clj a;~"''li'Clj QJ"1"'/il '//'Cl'
(mind basis of all), afflicted
mental consciousness, eye a.il°"1""-~°i l ~"I-~ ol"l QJ "I"~"1"l'oll°"1'
consciousness, ear conscious- "'~°il "-'1\a;"1"ll pz::.·iE1 Z::.'®"11 a;·
ness, nose consciousness,
tongue consciousness, body ~"1·CJ1 ~-ta.i·.rn
consciousness and mental
consciousness. 1°t·~z::.·ci~°t·CJiS."'1lZ::.'::J,'Cl~°t·~1 "-\'\'
Four uncompounded pheno- a;"1"ll pz::.·iE1 z::.·®"ll a.i·~"1-CJI ~-
mena (89-92)- Space, analytical
cessation, non-analytical cessa- ta.ii QJ"1"'/il 'li'Q"oll°"1'"-~°il
tion and thusness.
~ ~ ~
"'99·ci~ °i'~''l!Z::.'::J,'CJ~°i'~ 1 "'\'\.<0"J "l I
'1'!el''\~Cl~'9'Q!'\'1 "''\ '\. CJC,, 'f ol"l ':)!'
pz::.·iE1 Z::.'®"11 a;·~"1"Clj ~·ta.ii af"1·
!JZ::.'::J,'olElZ::.' !JZ::.'~.,,,~ "lj "1~"1"l'~'folel'
1/1 11·ci·a.il°"1'"-~°il
~z::.· !JZ::.'~ ,;·ci ®'\ l "1~"1"l'aJ '\"f ol"l'
"lllf Q~;·~·11z::.·s·ci!1·~ 1 "''1\a;"J"l l
~:a;,;-z::.· !JZ::."~ ,;·ci®'\' \Z::.' j "''1'\'CJiS."f ol"l'
rfz::.·iE1 Z::."®"11 ol'~"1'CJ\ ~·ta.ii QJ"1'
~-!JZ::."::J,' f a.i· !JZ::.'Q~ l "1~"1"l'~'fol"l'~"
'Iii 11·ci·a.it"l'"-~°il ~"1-~ol"l''\Z::."Clj"I'
!JZ::.'::J,' f a.i· !JZ::.'"1'!:!oll "1 ~"1~·a:i '\'f ol"l'~'
~"J"l'3Jl°"1'"-~"il
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QJ9QJ~f3.</·~l'JoJ1't;·Qt; ·f<. 'Q@'j"f/
s"i'CJ{ol"l',j' ®"l''\~'Q~'ii'fCl®'\''JJ\r.i,;· 9~9ei·'!:!' t"1·ci~ ;·~·'llz::.·s·11ll'~ 1 ~ "1'
a.i~"i·r.i·a.i(1·"1 "l'"1'!:!z::.~· ~I I
t9"l'"l'1/'Cl\ a;~,;,·'1/'Clj QJ"1'1/l 1/'Q'
~'"l'Cli('jf3.J/~'3'Qt;'5'.JJ~'!jt;'~J;Jf~·
a.it"1·"'~"i I ~"I·~ a.i"l·cis "I'~"1~ra.it"1·
?; '· "-')'\'CJ"'i"]'CJ~"i'~"!JZ::.'::J,'Cl~''\Z::.'j "'~"il "-'1'\''""J"ll z::.·t"ll a.i·~"l'CJI ~·
1"i'"'§z::.·~· !JZ::.'::J,'CJ5"i l "'9"1'Q~"i·~· !JZ::."
637
Fiftyfour-Countless
a;91S1\ l:;'$"ll ol'"s'l]'Cl\

...... --
~·&'ol\ ai9·
-::. -
~! ~'CJ'"ll9·a.~i\l i(~tJ"' 'Cff 'f! a.\1'fi>l111·i·'llr:.·g·(&r
a.\1·a;91!1\ ,ir:.·ci~·~r a.\1·a;91S11 pi:;·~1 i:;·t"I\

a.llf9·ci~<1·!·,ii::.·s·a9·~1
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~ {1-32}- ~m-
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The ninety-eight delusions (the
ninety-eight delusions of the
three realms which are to be
P1~11~ 10[ 1~4xl"l~i I abandoned on the Path of
640
Seeing and )- Thirty-two Formless Realm which are to be

objects of abandonment within abandoned on the Path of
the Desire Realm (ten related to Meditation as described 1n
the truth of suffering, seven Abhidharmakosa.
objects of abandonment related Thirty-two objects of abandon-
to the origin of sujfering, seven ment within the Desire Realm
objects of abandonment related which are to be abandoned on
to the truth of cessation and the Path of Seeing (1-32):
eight objects of abandonment Ten related to the truth of
related to the truth of path), suffering- View of transitory
twenty-eight objects of collection, extreme view,
abandonment within the Form perverted view, holding inferior
Realm (since there is no anger view as superior, holding bad
in the Form Realm and the ethics and discipline to be
Formless Realm, excluding four superior. attachment, anger,
angers one each related to the pride, ignorance and doubt.
Four Noble Truths, it becomes Seven objects of abandonment
twenty-eight in each realm. related to the origin of
They are: nine related to the suffering- Attachment, anger,
truth of suffering, six objects of pride, ignorance, doubt,
abandonment related to the perverted view and holding
origin of suffering, six objects of inferior view as superior.
abandonment related to the Seven objects of abandonment
truth of cessation and seven related to the truth of
objects of abandonment related cessation- Attachment, anger,
to the truth of path), the same pride, ignorance, doubt,
twenty-eight objects of perverted view and holding
abandonment within the inferior view as superior.
Formless Realm, four objects of Eight objects of abandonment
abandonment within the Desire related to the truth of path-
Realm which are to be Attachment, anger, pride,
abandoned on the Path of ignorance, doubt, perverted
Meditation, three objects of view, holding inferior view as
abandonment within the Form superior and, holding bad ethics
realm which are to be and discipline to be superior.
abandoned on the Path of Twenty-eight objects of
Meditation and three objects of abandonment within the Form
abandonment within the Realm which are to be
641
abandoned on the Path of view as superior, holding bad

Seeing (33-60): ethics and discipline to be
Nine related to the truth of superior, attachment, pride,
suffering- View of transitory ignorance and doubt.
collection, extreme view, Six objects of abandonment
perverted view, holding inferior related to the origin of
view as superior, holding bad suffering- Attachment, pride,
ethics and discipline to be ignorance, doubt, perverted
superior, attachment, pride, view and holding inferior view
ignorance and doubt. as superior.
Six objects of abandonment Six. objects of abandonment
related to the origin of related to the truth of
suffering- Attachment, pride, cessation- Attachment, pride,
ignorance, doubt, perverted ignorance, doubt, perverted
view and holding inferior view view and holding inferior view
as superior. as superior.
Six objects of abandonment Seven objects of abandonment
related to the truth of related to the truth of path-
cessation- Attachment, pride, Attachment, pride, ignorance,
ignorance, doubt, perverted doubt, perverted view, holding
view and holding inferior view inferior view as superior and,
as supenor. holding bad ethics and
Seven objects of abandonment discipline to be superior.
related to the truth of path- Four objects of abandonment
Attachment, pride, ignorance, within the Desire Realm which
doubt, perverted view, holding are to abandoned on the Path of
inferior view as superior and, Meditation (89-92)- Attach-
holding bad ethics and ment, anger, pride and
discipline to be superior. ignorance.
Twenty-eight objects of Three objects of abandonment
abandonment within the within the Form Realm which
Formless Realm which are to be are to abandoned on the Path of
abandoned on the Path of Meditation (93-95)- Attach-
Seeing (61-88): ment, pride and ignorance.
Nine related to the truth of Three objects of abandonment
suffering- View of transitory within the Formless Realm
collection, extreme view, which are to abandoned on the
perverted view, holding inferior Path of Meditation (96-98)-
642
Attachment, pride and ignor- ~ OJ·&l"i'CJl 3J."i"i'CJ1 iil 'OJ 1 'l"]'&l"i'CJl

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644
rfR 3IR4rt- f.'r\:l, c/5~4ifl.1, c. Eleven virtuous mental

fc1 c"Fli "c'!:1.!T fc1 'c1 I, I factors- Faith, shame, embar-
•1./1,i; ~ 60-70- 'q~RR11, rasssment, lack of desire, lack
~ ~ f.'s; l.j , '1 IR-J ci, f.'s; I.I , fti il, ~ f.'s; l.j , of hatred, lack of ignorance,
c/51 il R 1.1, "1'1, W&;, T,-t!, ffi, effort, suppleness, conscien-
tiousness, equanimity and not
'" tc cZ1 "c'!:1.!T 31 fc1 $1 fi<-1 "1'r I
if'JJl?i /?imM!!jc/r/0/fchN harming others.
74-94- ~. 3l{i~{il-j[4f@,
d. Six root afflictions- Attach-
1nent, anger, pride, ignorance,
~ . 3IB"$11 (31,i~c/5),
doubt and wrong view.
Gfl cl R I.I' Pi c/, II.I {i 'i''WT' iJlTfi'r' e. Twenty secondary afflict-
iJRT, h~, 31Plfl-1cil, '1['1</,[1./, tions- Anger, resentment,
4~</,11./, &1\il'1c/511./, 1~'["1'1, concealn1ent, spite, jealousy,
~ ' qfflf."J1.11-1, <ll'T, ~~1;1(1[, miserliness, deceit, dissimula-
31jw'i, "c/5"R'f, ~ . {l Lc.Q I, "fil;rg tion, haughtiness, harmfulness,
am 31 '1i !I 6 I shamelessness, non-embarrass-
EP.· ~ 95-100- 311c/51~1, ment, faithlessness, laziness,
q R1 {l Lc.Q IPJ ,'ttr, 31 q R1 fi Lc.Q IPJ ,ltr, non-conscientiousness, forget-
31'c1011'1i«lzd, '1i$1 I cl~ fl1 QPi,lm- fulness, non-introspection,
{l «!z ci "c'!:1.!T "c'!2TdT I lethargy, excite1nent and distrac-
Hundred phenomena: 1-8 Eight tion.
consciousnesses- Foundational f. Four changeable mental
consciousness, afflicted-mind factors- Sleep, regret, gross
(afflicted mental consciousness, investigation and subtle invest-
eye consciousness, ear consci- tigation.
ousness, nose consciousness, 60-70 Eleven forms: Eye, ear,
tongue consciousness, body nose, tongue, body, form,
consciousness and mental sound, smell, taste, tangible
consciousness. object and non-revelatory form.
F!fiyone mental factors.· 9-59 a. Twenty:four non-associated
Five omnipresent mental compositional factors: 71-94
factors- Feeling, discrimina- Achievement, meditative
tion, intention, contact and absorption without discrimi-
mental engagement. nation, meditative absorption of.
b. Five determining mental cessation, non-discrimination,
factors- Aspiration, belief, life fource, equal state, birth,
mindfulness, concentration and aging, existence, imperma-
wisdom. nence, group- of names; group of
645
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1ia;,·a.illf\'<lglf\111·i. I ~ '!\.,.. ia;,·2r"J''i'i'
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3l:4 fcl f.'1 ~ti 4. I-H5 I~ <'Hi?!, cJ~I, c; rn- gamasamadhinirdesa, Sagarana-
•p,q R1 qR~i81. ,rl <t>, 0 ,,-;<t>. garajapariprccha, Salistambaka,
Fci cfi c1\ 01, 1"1 q R~iU I, tcl v1 Ill J,q,, I, Mahayanopadesa, Aryabrahma-
G!Rlc<t>, 'i'5'. ~. ~. vise~apariprccha, Paramartha-
\1$11R'a~il-bl, {1lf)[f1q,i\,i, w\- sambrtisatyanirdesa, Mafijusr1-
~. ~l<jcfi14. $11'1\l,'1:fR, vihar~, Mahaparinirvai;ia, Avai-
11cfi,01q1c;. ~cfilrn,'l'l. lf611'll'l'l.
vartacakra, Karmavibhailga,
Prajfiaparamitapancasatikii, Tri-
c;")EJ\li'l, xi~c!dl'l'l, fclrJ<ifcl-.:M.
satikapraj fiaparam ita, Ratno lka,
Fci rJ<ic1 '"'-l· FcirJ<i~. '3rn ,~ ;e:i
Gocaraparisuddha, Prasantavi-
~ ,1v11c1c11c;cf> I
niscayapratiharyanirdesa, Tatha-
One hundred and five sutras- gatotpattisambhava, Bhavasarh-
Satasahasrika prajfiaparamita, kraniti, Paramarthavijaya,
Paficavirhsati prajfiaparamita, Mafij usr1buddhak~etragui;ia,
Astasahasrika prajfiaparamita, Bodhipak~anirdesa, Karmavara-
B~ddhavatarhsaka, Bodhisattva- ,:iapratisaprabdhi, Triskandha,
pi\aka, Lalitavistara, Samadhi- Sarvavaidalyasarhgraha, Sam-
raja, Pitaputrasarhagama, Loko- gha\asiitra, Tathagatajfianamu-
ttaraparivarta, Saddharmapu- drasamadhi, Kil\agaradhara1,11,
ndarTka, Gaganagafija, Ratna- Anavataptanagarajapariprccha,
.:0-egha, Lalikavatara, Sarvabuddhavi~ayavatarajfiana-
Suvarliapra-bhasottama, lokalarhkara, Saptasatikanama-
Vimalak1rtinirdesa, prajfiaparamita, Vyaptapari-
Gandavyiiha, Dhanavyiiha, prccha, Subahupariprccha,
Ak1i~agarbha, Ak~ayamatinir- Si1i1hapariprccha, Mahasahasra-
desa, Upayakaiisala, Dharma- pramadana, Ugrapariprccha,
sarhgiti, Suvikrantavikram1, Sraddhabaladhana, Angulima-
Mahakarm:iapu1:u:lan1<.a, Ratna- nya, Hastikak~ya, Ak~ayama-
ketu, Dasabhiin1ika, Tathagata- tipariprccha, Mahasmrtyupa-
mahakaru1,1iinirdesa, Drumakin- sthana, Maitr1vyakara1,1a, Bhai-
nararajapariprccha, Ajatasatru- ~ajjyaguruvaidiiryaprabha,
kaiikrtyavinodana, Sandhinir- Arthaviniscaya, Mahabalasiitra,
moc~na, Buddhasarhgiti, R~- V1radattagrhapariprccha, Rat-
\rapalapariprccha, Sarvadhar- nakara1,11aka, Vikurva1,1araj a-
mapravrttinirdesa, Ratnacii1a- pariprccha, Dhvajiigrakeyiira,
pariprccha, Ratnakii\a, Maha- Tripi\akam, Siitra, Abhidharma,
yanaprasadaprabhavana, Siirya- Vinaya, Prajfiapatisastra,
garbha, Buddhabhiimi, :Tatha- Sarhgitiparyaya, Dharmaska-
gatacintyaguhyanirdesa, Siirarh-
649
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31 'f1 " ~ cfiti 'l I'i "ll l!.l 16'1 f.'1 ~'ii a i:l.l I- fection (Prajfiapiiramita):
ct,, 01 ~ ~I !'<El crm ~ c1lfu1cfi'll' 1icJ- Fifty-three ph~nomena of the
a,01~ ~11,E1 I ajj/icted class- Five aggre-
r/R gfrlrifclq (44)- 31$;m,- gates- Form, feeling, discrimi-
~ . ti4~R1-<-ifc1q, f.lxiFckrnR1
nation, compositional factor and
consciousness.
~crm~1
657
Six sense faculties- Eye sense and form, sources, contact,

faculty, ear sense faculty, nose feeling, craving, grasping exis-
sense faculty, tongue sense tence, birth and aging and
faculty, body sense faculty and dying.
mental sense faculty. Fifty-five topics of purified
Six consciousnesses- Eye cons- phenomena: The six perfec-
. .
c1ousness, ear consciousness, tions- Perfection of Giving,
nose consciousness, tongue Perfection of Morality, Perfec-
consciousness, body cons- tion of Patience, Perfection of
ciousness and mental cons- Effort, Perfection of Meditative
ciousness. Stabilization and Perfection of
Six objects- Visible form, Wisdom.
sound, smell, taste, tangible The eighteen emptinesses-
object and phenomena. Emptiness of the internal,
Six contacts- Contact through emptiness of the external,
the association with eye, contact emptiness of the internal and
through the association with ear, external, emptiness of
contact through the association emptiness, emptiness of the
with nose, contact through the great, emptiness of the ultimate,
association with tongue, contact emptiness of compoundded
through the association with phenomena, emptiness of the
body and contact through the uncompounded phenomena,
association with mind. emptiness of beginningless and
Six feelings- Feeling produced endless, emptiness of the
through visual contact, feeling extremes, the emptiness of that
produced through olfactory which is not to be abandoned,
contact, feeling produced emptiness of nature, emptiness
through aural contact, feeling of all phenomena, emptiness of
produced through gustatory self-characteristics, emptiness
contact, feeling produced of non-characteristics, empti-
through physical contact and ness of things, emptiness of
feeling produced through non-things, and emptiness of the
mental contact. inherent existence of non-
Six elements- Earth, water, fire, things.
air, space and consciousness. The thirty-seven limbs of
Twelve branches of dependent enlightenment- L Four close
origination- Ignorance, connec- contemplations- Close contem-
tive action, consciousness, name plation of body, close contem-
658
fifty four-Countless
plation of feelings, close The four noble truths- The truth

contemplation of mind and of suffering, the truth of the
close contemplation of Dharma. origin of suffering, the truth of
2. Four thorough abandon- cessation and the truth of the
ments- Making effort in culti- path.
vating virtues that have not yet The four meditative stabilization
been produced, increase of (four live ls of meditative stabili-
zation of Form Realm)- First
virtues that have been produced,
meditative stabilization, second
abandonment of non-generation
meditative stabilization, third
of non-virtues that have not yet meditative stabilization, and
been produced and abandon- fourth meditative stabilization.
ment of non-virtues that have The four immeasurables-
been produced. lmmeasurable of loving
3. Four limbs of miracles- kindness, immeasurable of
Miracles of aspiration, miracles compassion, immeasurable of
of effort, miracles of thought joy and immeasurable of
and miracles of analysis. equanimity
4. Five faculties- Faculty of The four meditative absorptions
of formless realm- Meditative
faith, faculty of effort, faculty
absorption of infinite space,
of mindfulness, faculty . of
meditative absorption of infinite
concentration and faculty of consciousness, meditative
wisdom. absorption of nothingness and
5. Five forces- Forces of faith, meditative absorption of neither
.forces of effort, forces of mind- discrimination nor non-
fulness, forces of concentration discrimination (peak of cyclic
and forces of wisdom. existence).
6. Seven limbs of enlighten- The eight types of emanci-
ment- Mindfulness, <liscrimina- pation- Emancipation of . the
ting wisdom, effort, joy, supple- embodied looking at a form,
ness, concentration & emancipation of the formless
equanimity. looking at a form and
8. Eightfold noble paths-Right emancipation through beat.dful
view, right thought, right form, emancipation of infinite
speech, right action, right space, emancipation of infinite
livelihood, right effort, right consciousness, emancipation of
mindfulness and right concen- nothingness, emancipation of
tration.
659
the peak of existence and of various inclinations, know-

emancipation of cessation. ledge of superior and non-
The nine absorptions in series- superior faculties, knowledge of
The four meditative absorptions the paths leading to all goals,
within the form realm, the four knowledge of the delusions and
absorptions within the formless purifications in engaging and
realm and the meditative awakening from concentration,
absorption of cessation. liberation, meditative concen-
The three doors to emanci- tration, knowing others' ever-
pation- Emancipation through affliced and ever-purified
emptiness, emancipation phenomena and knowledge of
through signlessness and eman- recollecting past lives, know-
cipation through wishlessness. ledge of death, transmitgration
The jive clairvoyances- Clairvo- and birth, and knowledge of the
yance of miracle, clairvoyance extinction of contamination.
of the divine eye, clairvoyance The four fearlessnesses- Fear-
of the divine ear, clairvoyance lessness with respect to the
of knowing others' thought and assertion of being a completely
clairvoyance of recollecting past and perfectly enlightened one,
lives. fearlessness with respect to the
The four concentrations- The assertion that the contamination
meditative concentration going has been eliminated, fearless-
like a hero, the concentration ness with respect to the
like a sky-treasure, the stainless assertion that the obstructions
concentration and concentration are to be ceased and fear-
like a lion's roar. lessness with respect to teaching
The four doors to retention the paths of renunciation.
formula (Dhiira1ii)- Retention Four perfect specific under-
formula of patience, retention standings- Specific perfect
formula of secret speech, understanding of meaning,
retention formula for retaining specific perfect understanding
words and retention formula for of Dharma, specific perfect
retaining meaning. understandings of definite
The ten powers- Knowledge of words and specific perfect
right and wrong places, know- understandings of confidence.
ledge of actions and their Great love, Great compassion,
fruition, knowledge of the The eighteen unshared qualities
various constituents, knowledge of the Buddha- Possessing
660
unmistaken bodil)'. qualities, not "1''1 !''\"-''\';ll

possessing uncontrolled speech,
possessing undeclining memory, t Cl.'fl ol"1 f 3l a. 'flol"1 f
constant abidance in meditative ~ 9· 'j'l"-.?:f1 3,· 'l'I.. '\<:Ji::.. ?:fI ta..'j'Ii::.·?:f1
equipoise, not having the
various discriminations with .... "' -
~"'''i'l"-'CJ\ ';!,•r::1·1<:J<:.'C...,..J\ 9'.19"1\ ~I
,:,,.
respect to the realization of

cultivation and abandonment is ~I (1 ~9·scl.·!9"1·9~9 l"1·~·a·
inherently existent, possessing oJi'j\
indiscriminative equan1m1ty,
possessing undeclining effort, iJ.<!~§I;,'ff't:!ff'<'?'f 'lili'<l.~:!l $'°>;'!:l\
possessing undeclining aspira-
tion, possessing undeclining "'~·~"11 ~oJ"1'CJ\ ~9·CJ1 <il1·"l·s1·CJ1
mindfulness as a means for ~"l'C."1'~'! "'~"','CJ\ &1"1'CJ\ ~"','CJ\
taming sentient beings, posse-
ssing non-declining concentra- ~i::.·c.·r.,,~a.,1 ~"1'>;<:J'Q\\
tion, possessing non-declining
wisdom, possessing irreversible
'\~·r:ia·"1·111i::.·i:i~-9~ 11·CJ 1 c.'-<E'~"1·
path to thorough liberation, CJ\ ~"I "1'\'CJ\ r.,,\'\'a;9"1'3l'j'CJ\ ~-~i::.·
virtuous activity of body,
virtuous activity of speech, 3l'j'CJ\ 9~''i.!9';:i'i'CJ\ 'lfilj'C.,,~"1\ ~a.,·
virtuous act1v1ty of mind,
unattached and unobs-tructed !"-"1\ i:i9·ci:i'11 'l'j"-'illl"1\ ~l!l'CJ,;·~·
wisdom concerning the past, r.,,~·i:iii11
unattached and unobs-tructed
wisdom concerning the future :-i:i,l;;-a.,·ifi::."1'<:l~J r.,,\'\·a;9"1\ rii::.·/§'1
and unattached and unobs-
tructed wisdom concerning the i::.·~"1\ 3,J·~9·CJ1 e·.ifoJ\ "'~'lr'.111
present. oJ~>;''.1/1 '.1/''l'oJl9·r.,,~a.,1 i"l'~oJ"1'
The five aspirants to the abave-
Stream-winner, Once-returner, 'l 5"I'<~9 "1 'oJ l 9. "'~"'i I ar9. './/.:ill
Never-returner, Foe-destroyer ~·;;-a.,·;·11 /§'·i:i1 "'f"'i'"'~"'il r.,,a;Q'CJ\
and Solitary Buddha. ~ ~
r.,,£'9·CJ1 ~9''\ 9 ~"'tl ~I 9"l''l\

The three ultimate fruits- Basic
Knowledge, Knowledge of Path ~9"1'CJ\ J,3-!'CJ>;·r.,,~·'l\ c.'- a,'·;:i '\' CJ\
and Omniscient Mind. ~"1'3l'j'CJ\ 3-!''j'\'CJ\ <>i·af1 'l9'3l'j'CJ\
661
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'<l)'(i; ~'Uc-T- ~ . <."1""11, One hundred and nine pheno-
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31fci~fll I element of fire, element of
Gfl" 1J.<'I ~TI- xT'T, ~ R11-.1, wind, eye sense faculty, ear
lIT'l, 31 fcl tl I, fcl RJ fcn <'fl I, fl i'q, I11- sense faculty, nose sense
faculty, tongue sense faculty,
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4x1'1~\1f£ I
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<fRr 13qifulTI- wm, 134'11!!.
the mental consciousness.
'!le'f, ~Gl~I. 'tan. '11<'fl4. ll'l<IT, Fifty;five mentalfactors- I. Five
~I l<l,11, l!'G:, fcl ~fl I, 31"1""1 I, omnipresent mental factors-
663
Fiftyfour-Countless
Feeling, discrimination, atten- birth, aging, existence, imper-

tion, touch and mental engage- manence, group of names,
ment. group of words, group of letters,
2. Five determining mental state of an individual being,
factors- Aspiration, belief, continuity, distinction, related-
mindfulness, concentration and ness, rapidity, order, time, area,
wisdom. number and collection.
3. Eleven virtuous mental Eight consciousnesses- Founda-
factors- Faith, shame, emba- tional consciousness, afflicted
rrassment, lack of desire, lack of mind, eye consciousness, ear
. .
hatred, lack of ignorance, consciousness, nose conscious-
virtuous effort, suppleness, ness, tongue consciousness,
conscientiousness, equanimity body consciousness and mental
and non-violence. consciousness.
4. Six root afflictions- Attach- Eight uncompounded pheno-
ments, hatred, pride, ignorance, mena- Suchness of virtuous
doubt and wrong view. phenomena, suchness of non-
5. Twenty secondary affiict- vituous phenomena, suchness of
tions- Anger, resentment, unspecified phenomena, space,
concealment, spite, jealousy, non-analytical cessation, analy-
miserliness, deceit, dissimula- tical cessation, unfluctuating
tion, haughtiness, harmfulness, cessation and cessation of
shamelessness, non-embarrass- discrimination and feeling.
ment, lethargy, excitement,
~&1·&1i5il\·!·~51'<1'<l!'1C:'<l~f ~f"'' °'i'°!'i'
faithlessness, laziness, non-
conscientiousness,
forgetfuln~ss, non-introspection
- -
"' "' '<f,;/'t;/"3,jllf«l'<V'QJ
4/t:;W'(.I.Jf't;/CI ..,..., ff Sil\'
and distraction. r.i·l•;i::rllil"l'<l~f ';!"l'~il\'<I'~ "-'"l'illJ

6. Four changeable mental
.r._.,r~ii\· q· ~ "-.ll](o\"l ~ "1 "''~ii\. q· ~ "-
investigation and subtle investi- "l'i"l ~"l'~il\'<I'~ "-'ll](o\ll]'<l~ll

gation.
Twenty-three non-associated <.QC:'1"l'{i:::·i::r·i::r~1 l~ 'QQ,' g'Q'o,j'!11.'<J
compositional factors- Achieve-
~3,J"l'Q!l'<l\ !"l'<l'~&l"l'~"l'Q\ al·l~·
ment, absorption without discri-
n1ination, absorption of cessa- s
QQ,·~"'. 3.1· a"'. <I'~3,j "'·al· Qa l.<I._. \<I\
tion, non-discrimination, faculty
of life force, similarity of type, a 11.·q·~3.1"'· i c:·Q~11
664
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668
19-36 31dli(i! produced, increase of virtues

,;~4- nmrTCT cr; <ITT<l
1'f cfr, that have been produced,
'1lft 5Tffi %, 1'fq., 1'f <bl C'i 16 C'1 abandonment of non-generation
'1lft 5Tffi t Fc1 *'2fa '1§1 mcft %, of non-virtues that have not yet
3l f-1111 r%a fum '1§1 "ITTffi t been produced and abandon-
fclfct<:r ~ '1§1 mcft t ment of non-virtues that have
31!.lfa,4<-"'11 ctr ~an '1§1 mcft %.
already been produced.
qRr%a (qR5101) ~ '1§1 "ITTm Four limbs of miracles-
Miracles of aspiration, miracles
%. qRr%,1 (qRg1u1) cftlf '1§1 of thought, miracles of effort
"ITTm t. qRr%a (qR51u1) ~ and miracles of analysis.
'1§1 mcft t. qRr%a (qR5101) Five mental faculties- Power
xililR:I '1§1 mcft %. qRr%a of faith, power of effort, power
(qRg101) ,rw '1§1 mcft t of mindfulness, power medita-
qRr%a (qRg101) fi1'.l,fi1<'1 '1§1 tive concentration and power of
M t. $1l-1LJ_4•11F<l$11-11jqR- wisdom.
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$11-11jqR9.R'ac11Ri<b "<b1'\. $1T'1- forces of effort, forces of mind-
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3m\n "</,"I 3ffilT 'C;ci 31!.1 fa g <'1 and forces of wisdom.
. .
"$1"Fl, 31 '1 I' I<'1 "</,"I 3fWT ~ Seven limbs of enlightenment-
3l !.I fa g a $1T'1 nw er cl l-1 1.-i "</,"I Mindfulness, discriminative
3ffi1T 'C;ci 31 !.I fa i3 <'1 $1T'1 I awareess, effort, joy, supple-
ness, concentraion and equani-
37-39 WR!T-:Jllcl>I<, ~-
mity.
:Jllcl>I, nl!D ~-3llc/>I'{ I
Eightfold noble paths- Right
The one hundred and ten
view, right thought, right
aspects of the Omniscient speech, right action, right
Mind- 1-3 7 Thirty-seven
livelihood, right effort, right
harmonious dharmas to enligh-
mindfulness and right concen-
tenment : Four close contem-
traion.
plations- Close contemplation
3 8-91 The thirty-four aspects
of body, close contemplation of
common to Bodhisattvas: The
feelings, close contemplation of
three doors of emancipation-
mind and close contemplation
Liberation through emptiness,
ofdharma.
liberation through signlessness
Four thorough abandonment-
and liberation through wishless-
Making effort in generating
ness.
virtues that have not yet been
669
F iftyfour-Countless
The five paths bestowing fruitions, knowledge of the

peace in this life- Meditative various constituent, knowledge
absorption of infinite space, of vanet1es of inclination,
meditative absorption of infinite knowledge of superior and non-
consciousness, meditative superior faculties, knowledge of
absorption of nothingness, the paths leading to goals,
meditative absorption of peak of knowledge of the concentration,
existence and meditative liberation, meditative concentra-
absorption of thorough liberation and others' affliction and
tion of cessation. non-contamination, knowledge
The nine transcendental of recollecting past lives,
paths- Four meditative stabili- knowledge of death, knowledge
zations, four formless realms of the extinction of contamina-
and meditative absorption of tion and transmigration and
cessation. birth.
The four forbearances with Four fearlessnesses- Fearless-
the reality- Forbearance with ness with respect to the
the knowledge of suffering, assertion of being completely
forbearance with the knowledge and perfectly enlightened,
of the origin of suffering, fearlessness with respect to
forbearance with the knowledge asserting that the negativities
of the cessation and forbearance have been extinguished, fear-
with the knowledge of the path. lessness with respect to
The ten perfections of asserting that the obstructions
Buddha- Perfection of giving, are to be ceased and fearless-
perfection of morality, perfec- ness with respect to the
tion of patience, perfection of engagement into the path of
effort, meditative stabilization, renunciation.
perfection of wisdom, perfec- Four specific perfect under-
tion of means, perfection of standings- Specific perfect
power, perfection of aspiration, understanding of Dhanna,
perfection of primordial specific perfect understanding
wisdom. of meaning, specific perfect
92-1 JO Thirty nine qualities understanding of definite words
exculive to the Omniscient one: and specific perfect under-
Ten powers- Knowledge of standing of confidence
right and wrong places, Eighteen unshared qualities of
knowledge of actions and their Buddha- Possessing unmistaken
670
bodily .qualities, not possessing i,IC:~ll~<t> 1ffiic;~f'1~111:-

uncontrolled speech, possessing ilci'IIR~ld ~~
'
undeclining memory, constant ~:{sl 14ti ill f11 qg111:,
abidance in meditative equi- {i '.i C: 111 ,:j f1 ill {11 ~:.
poise, not having the various ~ ~ qg111:,
discriminations, not possessing 1-11 11hh-!,11P1 ~ qg111~-clfa I
discriminative equaniity, 11cA';!Jr1 =~~
' ' ,.,..,,.,,,!j~<f'fQ'1f·
posessing undeclining aspira- ~ ~ c!iT'iU@T:
tion, possessing undeclining
i1<'i'IIR~11 c;~\.-igil'Rl: mj;:fk111'1i
effort, possessing undeclining
mindfulness, possessing undec- -,,,,
Tln7: g 111 '1' q fa 1-.11 '1' ,"-Fill
lining meditative concentration, 31c1~1&::1-1 4c8i~rfufa r
' '
possessing undeclining libera- ~ctc"'A"'~'"1r1= ~~
tion, possessing undeclining ~ ~ c!iT'iU@T
wisdom, virtuous activity of i1<'i'IIR~11 c;~l.-ii3il'Rl: mj;fk11Hi
body, virtuous activity of ~ : \.lg1111 qfa1-.111 qR,11"11
speech, virtuous activity of 31 cl ~ I'<:'. I-I 4 c 8i ~ I fa fa '3 f&ot ftl d 1-1
' ' '
mind, unobstructed and ~I
detached wisdom concerning ~ w <11~t; c;-rl~~- cWfE!T!J
the past, unobstructed and qi i/Jc.firt c;~l'/&4- ~ i's[
detached wisdom concerning 31 I4fk11 ci, Gfl 11tll, f1 '.iC: 11
the future and unobstructed and 311 4 f1 ill ci, '11\1, f.'R'm 3114 f1 ill
detached wisdom concerning ci, '11\1 ~ +lJlt 3114 f1 ,11 ci,
the present. 3ITo I ~ \.le/ii{ ~ i1lc-1lf1
Aspect of thatness, aspect of
self-arisal and aspect of the 6Til 61
WlfJTg qi &>rrf/H itlil'!&l/ l[c/
Buddha himself.
~ qi &>rrf!H c;~f'!&l/ I
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~ # Fch11-11.-i ~1c-1lc1
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r::r~·"r::·1 floJ'l'llfr::·oJ·9~ 'l·•i:ri€r::ffeai ~· ~ 'qR qfa1-.11 c!5t Dl-Sc/i{
"I 'l' ~~ 9. q· $'ii. q· 9 ~ ~·r::r;s~·F oJ~ ·111 ~oJ'

D-11 f1 met ~ I
The one hundred and twelve
~ ·oJlir::· tl r::."' f oJ o.i· q~·"' ®,' ~r::."' ~· 9 ~ o.i · objects of abandonment to be
abandoned on the Path of
Seeing- Forty objects of
671
Fiftyfour-Countless
abandonment wjthin the Desire

Realm (ten objects to be
abandoned by the truth of ~l
suffering, ten by the origin of
suffering, ten by the truth of
cessation and ten by the truth of s· <:J ~1 Cllo1· <:J~ "',·!·tic:·s·<:J~· <:Ji5o.i·aiifi:_·
path), thirty-six objects of
abandonment within the Fcirm tl "-. ~ .!!' ~o.i·<:Jq. <:J~. iii''\'\11
Realm and thirty-six objects of ~~\<1,;·'~i1r1:1~..,·!'!lc:·s·i:iij·~ I "-~l!J.
abandonment within the Form-
less Realm as described in af111 o.i·/'l ·'l/''l r 3,J ~"· 'I/' <:J 1 a;-11r'I/ r 'I/' Q'
Abhidharn1asamuccaya. Since
there is no anger in the Form &1f!l]'"-~"il ~"l'~&lo.l'<lj "l'~l!jo.l'oJfl!j'
Realm and the Formless Realm, "-~"', \ "'~'\' itl!j o.i1 f 'i~[ c:· ~Alf 51·
excluding four angers one each
related to the Four Noble ~111 -'Jr ei·af&1·airr
Truths, it becomes thirty-six in
each realm.
~~~·i:i ~·'\c:-~ '<.'<l!'\J ajifc:· tl <:,'<:J ~; '\"-· t111o.i·"l·'l/·<:J1 &l~"-''l/'"lf ai'9·'1/r 'l/'"l'
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"l~·111~c:~·~ll ~l!j''J[ el·l3,J'OJ!l
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111 ~ o.i· ~-rr"'·~~ '\·<Jo.i·~-~111·'J'~..,·'J·111 ~ ~- 'el·l3,J'OJ!l
"l&l'CI~.., ·t·!}C:'S'<I~'~I "'~ l!j' l l!j "1'"1' 'I/'
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"l "1'!!]~C:O,j '~ll ~"l-~3,JO,j'<:Jj Al·~9o.i·3"Jf9·~.., I "-\'\'
672
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w ~ ~ ill .,. ---"! 1 2! ~ Jl § -"ii ~ JJ § J\il ~ '11 !
--JJ "4 (l!I< D -'1il ~ - 68'. "' •-"• ~ - zi Ji) ~ - zi .,.e ~ "
""" '11 i!. "31' /] di i!. )' ,= . - -"' - ...!I ~ "
.,.Ii ~ - 1l - ~ ~ 1ID .,.,;i ..ii Ji ,0. .ti Ji- zi ~. - "'
...!I ~ «.§) l)lJ (l!I< 2! /] " "" 2! Jl> 69'. 2! _JV "' ~
zi ~ 2l ...!I i!., Ji i!. J1! - q.d ~ 1l Ill ..ii ~ 1l ,. -"' 1;l. ~
Ji) "' .,., J1! ...!I ~ - ri Ji u3> ~ " u3> ~ ~ fi\ (l!I<
---"! 1;l, -.!:! 2i -"ii Ji, 2! ""' i!., '2! " 2! -'1il q.d ~ 2! -'1il J!li '>I! il
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fa, ~ ,iii ~ ,i 2l
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Fiftyfour-Countless
i/ri/7/fflrt -
~:~fl,C'll if11 "lq yt'llf:-
{i ct!i f11-1 ~:, 31 'fl ll Ig 'i f&-'.: , fi'r.urr-
~:, <i_r&-:4\!l'i~\, ~hc1s'lc1-
q\((1-j~\:, 'WT:, SJFI:, 3lfctw,
fc1Rlfchct11 ~ I
fl'j,i;ll I 4fl C'll if11 "l<l' Ytm:-
fl ct!il 11 'i_f&-::, 31 'fl '-116 'i~:, P1VTI-
tl il>HI I ~:, 'if&-:q{l,i~I:, ~c1!'lc1-
~ re c:w'.yg211.·- qx11-1'1'1:, 'WT:, 'lFf:, 3lfctw,
"' f<l I R°'ll cl_ <h I '!El I g,c; 'lf'l ~ ll I:- fc1 fu fch<'<i I ~ I
fl ct!i 111 'i f&-: , 31'f1 !ll 5 'i_ f&-::, P1VTI- f.Rtttmfl,;-llif/1 "lq yt'llf:-
~:, 'i_f&-:Yxl'i~\:, ~hc1~<1- fl ct!i 111 'i f&-::, 31 'fl '-11 g 'if&-: :, P1v:rr-
q,!l'i~\:, 'WT:, 1,jfaEJ:, SJF[:,
~:, 1.f&-:qx11-1~I:, ~hc1!'lc1-
31Fc1'i'.li, Fc1R1Rh<'fll ~ I q{l1-1~I:, 'WT:, SJFI:, 3lfctw,
~:~fl,;-llif/1 <;>tlf<'lttl: Ytm:- fc1fufchcti I ~ I
flct!ill1'i_~:, 31 'fl !116'i_f&-::, P1v:rr- 1rr•rf,ffl ,;-ll if11 "l<l' Ytm:-
~:, 1.f&-:q,11-1~\:, ~hc1s'lc1- fl ct!i I11 'if&-::, 31"1'-l lll'i_~:, P1VJT-
q\(('i~I:, 'WT:, 1-1fat1:, 'lFf:,
~:, 'i~Y\!l'i~I, ~hc1s'lc1-
31Fc1'i'.li, Fc1R1Fch<'<il ~ I q,11-1~\:, 'WT:, SJF[:, 3lfctw,
fl lj,<: ll 14 fl ,;-ll if11 GTI ~11~~ll=I :- Fc1R1Rh<'fll ~ I
fl ct!i 111 'i_ f&-::, 31"1'-llll'i_~:, P1VTI- i!riltR<'1rt ~ -
~:, 'i_f&-:Yxl'i~i:, ~hc1!'1<1- ~:~flC'll'f'l.l "lq "lft'lll:-
q,1,i~\:, 'WT:, 1,jfaEJ:, SJFI:, {i ct!i 111 'i_ f&-: , 31 'fl !ll g 'if&-:: , P1VJT-
31fc1'i'.ll, Fc1R1Rh<'fll ~ I ~:, 'if&-:qx11-1~\:, ~hc1s'lc1-
f.Rh:rr4fl,;-ll'f'll GTI Ytm:- q,1ii~I:, '{lTT:, 'lFf:, 3lfctw.
fl ct!i 111 'if&-:: , 31 'fl '-11 g 'i f&-:: , fif.urr- Fc1R1Rh<'fll ~ I
~:, 'i~4{i'i~:, ~hc1s'lc1 ',ff'j,i; ll I li' fl C'll if11 "lq yt'llf:-
Y\!l'l~I:, 'WT:, 1,jfaEJ:, SJF[:,
fl ct!i 111 'if&-::, 31 'fl .;i 16 'i f&-: , r'1'vn-
31fc1'i'.ll, Fc1Rlfch<'<il ~ I ~:, 'if&-:q,11-1~\:, ~hc1s'lc1-
'l I' I f,f tk'll 'f'll GTI yt'llf:- q\(('i~\:, 'WT:, SJF[:, 3lfcrm,
fl ct!i 111 'if&-::, 31 'fl '-11 g 'i ~:, P1\!Z!T- Fc1R1Rh<'fll ~ I
~:, 'i~q"1-1~I:, ~c1!'l<1- f.Rtttm fl C'll if11 "l<l' Yt'm:-
q{l1-1~I:, 'WT:, ~fat1:, 'lFf:, fl ct!i I11 'i_ f&-:, 31'f1!116'i_~:, P1VJT-
31fc1'i'.ll, Fc1R1Rh<'fll ~ I ~:, 1.f&-:q,1ii~I:, ~hc'i!'lc1-
674
q,1'l~I: • xf'T: • "fA":. ~ . 1.f&-:q-:1'l~I. ~Tlc1i:1t14,l'l~I.

Fci RJ Fcl, f.i.i I 'i'J;fc'r I xf'T, q fa £1, "IA", 31 Fci "11 ~
llflTf"lftl..-ll~ "'l<f 11tm":- Fci Rt Fcl, <' I<1 'i f&-::. 3FfH1 Ig 'i f&-::. fi=J:!Zfl- f.Rtq arnf'fff'lT ~ GiH' Yt'll-
~. 1-f&-:q;:il-J~\:. ~c1i:li'1- fi c'cf> 1ll 'i f&-:, 31 'i'i {11 15 'i ~, Pil1ZIT-
q-:I 'l ~1:. xf'T:. "IA":. 31 Fci "11. ~ . 1-f&-:q;:i'l~I. ~Tlc1i:li'14-:l'l~I.
Fci Rl Fcl, <'l<1'1_~:. 31•fH116- fi c'cf> I <1 'i f&-:. 31 'i'1 <;J I 15 'i ~. P1l1ZIT-
'i~~i:i; ~ . 'if&-: q -:1 'l ~1. ~Tl c1 i:! t1 q -:1 'l ~1.
~.. ™. 7{/c/'il&l!l'- xf'T: . xf'T. !.l fa £1. "IA". 31 Fci "11 ~
"IA":. 31-Fci="11. ,i c'cf> 1<1 'i f&-: :• 3l"ff- Fci Rt Fcl, <' I <1 '1_ f&-:: . 3l"fffi c'cf> I ll '1_ f&-: , 31 'i'i <;J I15 '1_ f&-: , Pil1ZfT-
lJ lil<ir'&-:~i:i I ~ . 1-f&-:q,:il-J~\. ~Tlc1i:1A4-:i'l~\.
~ ffl ~ ' f f 3,:l;'lfll- ~ xfl- xl'T, "IA". 31 Fci "11 ~ Fci Rt Fcl, <' 1ll 'if&-: . 31 'i'i m15 'i f&-: • Pi:!Zfl-
~ . '1_~4-:l'l~I. ~Tlc1i:IA4-:l'l~I.
~ .'f '3~ftli'1 t I xT'T. "IA". 31 Fci "11 ~ Fci Rt Fcl, <' 1ll 'i f&-:. 31 'i'i {11 15 'i ~. Pil1ZIT-
~ . 1.f&-:q-:1'l~I. ~Tlc1i:1t1q-:1'l~\.
xl'T, "IA", 31 Fci "11 ~ Fci Rt Fcl, f.i.i I I
~ fi isl $ m<T x't ~ xfl- ~ 1fTlf 3Wf~ ~ art 1]-g',Q-
ir/t t I fl c'cf> 1ll 'if&-:. 31 'i'i !11 15 'i ~. Pil1ZIT-
c/iTlmT!f qi i/ldl?i itv r1&21- ~ . 'i~q-:1'l~I. ~rlc1i:1t1q-:1'l~I.
~:~ 3Wf'fff'lT ~ GiH' i;r~'ll- xT'T. "IA". 31 Fci "11 ~ Fci Rt Fcl, f.i.i I I
,i M> 1ll 'i f&-:. 31 'i'i {11 15 'i f&-:. Pi:!Zfl- 3TWlflT!J qi &rrfi?i if~ir/6t!-
~ . '1_~4-:l'l~I. ~Tlc1i:li'14-:l'l~I.
~:~ 3Wf~ ~ art y-g",Q-
xf'T. qfa£1. "IA". 31Fci"11 ~
'(i c'cf> 1ll 'if&-: . 31 'i'1 !11 g 'if&-:. P1l1ZIT-
Fci RJ Fcl, <' 1ll 'if&-:, 31 'i'i !11 15 'if&-: , fi=J:!Zfl- xT'T. "IA". 31 Fci "11 ~ Fci Rt Fcl, f.i.i I I
675
Fiftyfour-Countless
'fl'j,C:ll 3Tm"ifl"fll 11 Realm to be abandoned on the

't1 i Ill 1 ~, 3F'ci ti Ig 1~, fi'l:u:rr- Path of Seeing, thirty-six
~ . 1~4~i•H\, ~ft"1i!ct4~1'1~\. delusions within the Form
'171", "!R, al fcl ci I ~ fcl ~ Fcl, cti I I Realm to be abandoned on the
f.m"q arnf"'fl"fll ~ ""It vt"ll- Path of Seeing and thirty-six
fi i<t> Ill 1 ~, 31 "ci ti Ig 1 ~, fi'l:u:rr- delusions within the Formless
Realm to be abandoned on the
~ . 1~4"'1~\. ~ftC'1~<i4"'1~\.
Path of Seeing (since there is no
'171", "!R, 31 fcl ci I ~ fcl ~ Fcl, cti I I
anger in the Form Realm and
1fT7f arnf"'fl"fll ~ -;it vt"ll- the Formless Realm, excluding
fi cr"Fl'tf?e, 31"1 !.I lt:1~, fi'l:u:rr- four angers one each related to
~- ·· 1~4~1'1~\. ~ft"1ilct4~1'1~1. the Four Noble Truths, it
'171"I' "!R, 31 fcl ci I ~ fcl ~ Fcl, cti I I becomes thirty-six zn each
«iH& 'lflc/'!IY/./-cf&~ <f>l'1Ellg, realm).
~ U-: <IB'if : WT, ~fati, "!R, The forty delusions 'within the
31Fclcii, fii<l>lll1~, 3l"citilt:1~ I Desire Realm to be abandoned
*> 4El I g. ~ lfrif 1-l I <l-11 ~ ll : on the Path of Seeing are: Ten
WT, "!R, 3l fcl'e.11, fii<l>lll 1~ ~ delusions to be abandoned by
31"<1!.lit:1~ I the truth of suffering- View of
31*>4Ellg, ~ lfrif 1ll<l'll~ll : the transitory collection,
'171", "!R, ;,i Fcl 'e.! I, 't1 i<t> Ill 1~ ~ extreme view, wrong view,
31"<itiit:1~ I holding wrong view as superior,
The one hundred and twenty- holding bad ethics and
eight delusions (delusions disciplines to be superior,
which are subtle and are attachment, anger, I-pride (ego),
multiplying)- One hundred ignorance and doubt.
twelve delusions to be aban- Ten by the truth of the origin
doned on the Path of Seeing and of suffering- View of the
sixteen delusions to be transitory collection, extreme
abandoned on the Path of view, wrong view, holding
Meditation. In this way, it wrong view as superior, holding
becomes one hundred and bad ethics and disciplines to be
twenty-eight as described in superior, attachment, anger, !-
Abhidharmasamuccaya. The pride (ego), ignorance and
one hundred and twelve doubt.
delusions to be abandoned on Ten by the truth of cessation-
the Path of Seeing are: Forty View of the transitory collec-
delusions within the Desire tion, extreme view, wrong view,
676
holding wrong view as superior, piines to be superior, attach-

holding bad ethics and disci- ment, I-pride (ego), ignorance
plines to be superior, attach- and doubt.
ment, anger, I-pride (ego), Nine by the truth of path-
ignorance and doubt. View of the transitory collec-
Ten by the truth of path- tion, extreme view, wrong view,
View of the transitory collec- holding wrong view as superior,,
tion, extreme view, wrong view, holding bad ethics and disci-
holding wrong view as superior, plines to be superior, attach-
holding bad ethics and disci- ment, I-pride (ego), ignorance
plines to be superior, attach- and doubt.
ment, anger, I-pride (ego), The thirty-six delusions within
ignorance and doubt. the Formless Realm to be
The thirty-six delusions within abandoned on the Path of
the Form Realm to be Seeing are: Nine to be
abandoned on the Path of abandoned by the truth of
Seeing are: Nine delusions to suffering-
be abandoned by the truth of Nine by the truth of the origin
suffering- View of the transi- of suffering- View of the transi-
tory collection, extreme view, tory collection, extreme view,
wrong view, holding wrong wrong view, holding wrong
view as superior, holding bad view as superior, holding bad
ethics and disciplines to be ethics and disciplines to be
superior, attachment, I-pride superior, attachment, I-pride
(ego), ignorance and doubt. (ego), ignorance and doubt.
Nine by the truth of the origin Nine by the truth of cessation-
of suffering- View of the transi- View of the transitory collec-
tory collection, extreme view, tion, extreme view, wrong view,
wrong view, holding wrong holding wrong view as superior,
view as superior, holding bad holding bad ethics and disci-
ethics and disciplines to be plines to be superior, attach-
superior, attachment, I-pride ment, I-pride (ego), ignorance
(ego), ignorance and doubt. and doubt.
Nine by the truth of cessation- Nine by the truth of path-
View of the transitory collec- View of the transitory collec-
tion, extreme view, wrong view, tion, extreme view, wrong view,
holding wrong view as superior, holding wrong view as superior,
holding bad ethics and disci- holding bad ethics and disci-
677
Fiftyfour-Countless
plines to be superior, attach- q R\!,i, ,i • ~ c!l1W@-

ment, I-pride (ego), ignorance ,i c1 If.'1, tj (-tj IR ~ :/ 11 ' El If.'1, -frfur
and doubt. flJ:fqY,~l ...llf.'1, ~.
The sixteen delusions to be '1i$1cjj'(i011, ~ . cll<i'il-
abandoned on the Path of *1'.j,'i,tilci:, ,ici\<1i1,,N$1l'i.5\'<1fr1 I
Meditation: Six delusions "1 11<l I'l ~~ ~ ~ ~ 'ii 1<,1"1 'il
within the Desire Realm:
Desire, anger, pride, ignorance,
mfi}Jq, e:flf- ilrn"1*1 lJ"i$1-
'.l,'(iqc11:-1"f, 3lffl" ~j&i"1"1, 'ilR
view of transitory collection and
extreme view;
,ic1\i!,i'1YR\!f.1.l1i, G'1 ~ .
"'il"R ~ :/ 11< tl, rfr'l f1J: ,gq ,,m;i,
Five delusions within the
Form Realm: Desire, pride, rfr...! JRl:-l"T' '1 i$ I cjj {, 0 11, 3l f1 "11 q-
ignorance, view of transitory tllfITT, cl If1 "11 f1 '.J.<'\ ti Id ,::cl
collection and extreme view; -licili!,!<ci,$11"1 I
Five delusions within the One hundred forty unshared
Formless Realm: Desire, pride, qualities of Buddha- Thirty-
ignorance, view of transitory two major marks, eighty minor
collection and extreme view. marks, four things thoroughly
pure in every aspect, ten powers
~i::.~·!~·qfgr~'Q.'\~·~·i"~·111·~~·q-q!' of the Tathagata, four fear-
lessnesses, three close-contem-
",:;·q~·qir a$!·~· i3i·<fa,·°'~"i· ~°'· ~-.r
plations, three unguardednesses
111~$1! 1<1·s'\·q~r:;·q·q~,'i"~I ~°'·q· (ways of having nothing to
hide), great compassion,
~(<J$1"-o'j""JC:$1' ~-'\11]"'-J"Cj~ l ~ "Cj~<'\· dharmata of never bewildemess,
"¥1111$1'<.Ja.·{ Cj$i"Cj~I 3l·q_~11]$1"'-J"Cj~ I perfectly overcoming latencies
and completely knowing all
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683
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fu>it&1 *1 'l I ~ *1 'l IqR\i ,-i cM ~ I&I <'I aspects of Training I of the
<; 1'1 "], <"!1 I '1$11 '1 ~ <'i, 14f.'t<'l 1*11- Complete Aspects- Twenty-
j*'l_R'l $11'1 ~ <'i. ~ seven aspects of the Basic
~ q ,'l,i;ti R\i $11 '1 ~ <'i I Knowledge. Aspect of- Lacking
11-14 '<'!R ~~11{€.I ~ - existence, non-birth, isolation,
~ ~11,€.1, 3l 1-8 <'1&1 <11 $11'1 ~ ~11{€.I, non-stamped, lacking dwelling,
sky, inexpressible aspect,
3l 'f1 , Ift! </,El 'l j '1.;>_J "11 <'<I f.'t ~'il <1 &11-
unnamed, not goin6, non-
<'/,, uI~~ II{ €.I 11"11" ~c1lfill<'/,'ll'llci-
deprivation, unexhaustion, non-
a,01~~ll{€.I I
production, non-agent, not
1s-1e '<'!R ~ R1 ,t-iRI c;:- <FI- being a transferer, not being a
~ R1 ,t-iRI c;:. ;,,cl~ R1 ,-iRI c;:. Pt {>rR-1- tamer, lacking identity, unborn,
~ R'l ,t-iRl c;, 11"11" ~ I unceased, pacified from the
cl""1T'@
i_ q'q'1"
*#
19-36 3ldl{f5 3llclfill<'/, ~ -
q;m # crrq 'fti ffilT
</,'I <'i II! <'i 'fti ffilT i_
beginning, remaining in peace
by nature, lacking delusion,
lacking thorough purity, lacking
Rl*'J.R'I • 'fti M ~. 3l*1li11%a impedements, lacking mental
furn 'fti ffilT t fa:fim "{i"$IT fabrication, lacking attachment
'fti M t 3l~R'i{-ic<1.JI "'1"&11 and lacking immutability.
'fti M t qRf%a (qRg1u1) Thirty-six aspects of the path of
WG 'fti ffilT t q R1% a wisdom: Eight aspects of the
(qRg1u1) cfm -;'ft! ffilT t origin of suffering- Turning
qRf%a (qRg101) ~ -;'ft! M away from desire, non-
t qRf%a (qRg1u1) '1'llfu -;'ft! abidance, aspect of peace,
M t qRf%a (qRg101) "\!"$IT aspect of lack of desire, aspect
-;'ft! M t ciRl%a (qR15101) of lack of hatred, aspect of lack
RljRR-1 -;'ft! M t $11'1'!,4•11r1- of close-mindedness, aspect of
$11'11jq R~R\i<'f, Ift! <'/,<'/,4, $11 '1 l),4 lack of delusion and aspect of
'11 r1 $11'1 Ijq R~R\i cl Ifilif,<'f,4, "$1T'1"~ lack of sentient beings.
14 111 r1 $11 '1 tiq R ~ R\i ..:'I R\i <'/, <'/, 4. Seven aspects of the truth of the
3@l<l q,j 3ffiT[ ~ 3l ~ R115 <1 path- Immeasureable aspect,
. .
™· . 3l '11 ' I<1 3f*1lT 'C!c[
q,J aspect of not being mixed with
3l~R'ltia ™ 11m cJct'll'1 q,J the two extremes, inseparable
3IB'T ~ 31~R'Jga "$IT'1" I aspect, aspect of non-appre-
37-39 -aFl 3'/'1'<'/,l"{"- 11"1cfl-3Wf>f'{ hension of superiority, aspect of
~-3'/'1'<'/,l"{" ~ ~-3'/'1'<'/,l"{" I unconceptual thought, aspect of
685
Fiftyfour-Countless
inconceiveability and aspect of ment: Four close contempla-

non-attachment. tions- Close contemplation of
Five aspects of the truth of body, close contemplation of
suffering- Aspect of imperma- feelings, close contemplation of
nence, aspect of suffering, mind and close contemplation
aspect of emptiness, aspect of ofdharma.
selflessness and aspect of non- Four thorough abandon-
characteristics. ments- Making effort in
Sixteen aspects of the noble generating virtues that have not
truth of cessation- The aspect of yet been produced. increase of
internal emptiness, the aspect of virtues that have been produced,
external emptiness, the aspect of abandonment of non-generation
both internal and external of non-virtues that have not yet
emptiness, the aspect of empti- been produced and abandon-
ness of the emptiness, the aspect ment of non-virtues that have
of emptiness of the great, the been produced.
aspect of emptiness of ultimate Four limbs of miracles-
phenomena, the aspect of the Miracles of aspiration, miracles
emptiness of compounded of thought, miracles of effort
phenomena, the aspect of and miracles of analysis.
emptiness of uncompounded Five mental faculties- Power
phenomena, the aspect of of faith, power of effort, power
en1ptiness of infinity, the aspect of mindfulness, power medita-
of emptiness of that which has tive concentration and power of
no beginning or end, the aspect wisdom.
of emptiness of non-repudia- Five forces- Forces of faith,
tion, the aspect of emptiness of forces of effort, forces of mind-
own nature, the aspect of fulness, forces of concentration
emptiness of all phenomena, the and forces of wisdom.
aspect of emptiness of own- Seven limbs of enlightenment-
characteristics, the aspect of Mindfulness, discriminative
emptiness of non-apprehension awareess, effort, joy, supple-
and the aspect of emptiness of ness, concentraion and
the lack of truly existent thing. equanimity
The one hundred and ten Eightfold noble paths- Right
aspects of the Omniscient v1ew, right thought, right
Mind- 1-37 Thirty-seven harmo- speech, right action, right
nious dharmas to enlighten- livelihood, right effort, right
686
mindfulness and right concen- perfection of aspiration, perfec-

raion. tion of primordial wisdom.
38-91 The thirty-four aspects 92-110 Thirty nine qualities
common to Bodhisattvas: The exculive to the Omniscient one:
three doors to emancipation- Ten powers- Knowledge of
Liberation through emptiness right and wrong places,
liberation through signlessness knowledge of actions and their
and liberation through fruitions, knowledge of the
wishlessness. various constituent, knowledge
The jive paths bestowing peace of vanelies of inclination,
in this life- Meditative absorp- knowledge of superior and non-
tion of infinite space, meditative superior faculties, knowledge of
absorption of infinite conscious- the paths leading to goals,
ness, meditative absorption of knowledge of the concen-
nothingness, meditative absorp- tration, liberation, meditative
tion of peak of existence and concentration and others'
meditative absorption of affliction and non-contamina-
thorough liberation of cessation. tion, knowledge of recollecting
The nine transcendental paths- past lives, knowledge of death,
Four concentrations, four form- knowledge of the extinction of
less realms and meditative containination and transmit-
absorption of cessation. gration and birth.
Four fearlessnesses- Fearless-
The four forbearances with
ness with respect to the
the reality- Forbearance with
assertion of being completely
the knowledge of suffering, and perfectly enlightened,
forbearance with the knowledge fearlessness with respect to
of the ongm of suffering, asserting that the negativities
forbearance with the knowledge have been extinguished,
of the cessation and forbearance fearlessness with respect to
with the knowledge of the path. asserting that the obstructions
The ten perfections of Buddha- are to be ceased and fearless-
Perfection of giving, perfection ness with respect to the
of morality, perfection of engagement into the path of
patience, perfection of effort, renunciation.
meditative stabilization, perfec- Four specific perfect under-
tion of wisdom, perfection of standings- Specific perfect
means, perfection of power, understandings of Dharma,
687
specific perfect understandings &1&1''1)&1'Cl!'~Cl~f 8'<:!".'

of meaning, specific perfect
understandings of definite 5Z:,'<:!''4a.J'r.J'<:!~ 1 ~"1'"1'<:!~'"1'1:!"11 a.i·?. &I'
words and specific perfect q·i:ii~ &If ~z:·5z:·'1:!a.i·~1 5z:·s1·a.i:ia.·
understandings of confidence
Eighteen unshared qualities- ~ "l'11!,1'i:i~1 ~,:.: <:!l'\"1 &I'<:!~ 1 <:!~ <:!' r.J~.
Possessing unmistaken bodily
¥&1·1:1!1 K\r.J'~·i:i,;·51·q~·t&1·1:1~<\·
qualities, not possessing uncon-
trolled speech, possessing <:!~&1·~11
undeclining memory, constant
fili:pl i q·ill~I C: I ~<l>~ldEi'l-
abidance in meditative equi-
~fl<'I If.'1- 't,1(<11~: q1q1fiJ'l<1>1:,
poise, not having the various
-:1<11c:~1
' +lt11ci~1'11:.
. '""" «' 3lri<101.
P,,S
discriminations, not possessing Gi'~1t1 4+lM<1>q1<1fi'i-1<1>1. ~ :
discriminative equaniity, pose- '
\11<1~tifi'i-1<1>1:. tj(-i'il~: \IR'l<~1'11<11:,
ssing· undeclining aspiration, ~ ~eTJ,\:. fi1<l fc1 q IC: ~ 11 'fl
possessing undeclining effort, <i'li~i1R'i I
possessing undeclining mindful- ~3ll <t ~ f.'IElfRa zj- m
ness, possessing undeclining 4ill'tl ~ - ifR q1~1f01<1>, ~
meditative concentration, fit11ci~lli!, <IT 3lf.'l<ia. cfm
possessing undeclining libera- 4+lM<1> q 111 R'ii<1>. ~ J;!Tl:[-
tion, possessing undeclining ~ilfi'i-1 <1>, ifR \IR'l<~l'i1<1, ~ ~
wisdom, virtuous activity of t)-~ wt "ci":/.11 fc1 q IC: m'f1" ffl
body, virtuous activity of <IT<'\ '11<1 wt ('1@ ~
speech, virtuous activity of ~)I
mind, unobstructed and Two hundred fifty disciplines of
detached wisdom concerning a fully ordained monk- Four
the past, unobstructed and defeats, thirteen remainders,
detached wisdom concerning two uncertainties, thirty propel-
ling downfalls, ninety solitary
the future and unobstructed and
downfalls, four individual
detached wisdom concerning confessions, hundred precepts
the present. and seven kinds of discipline for
Three types of thatness- ending disputes.
Aspect of thatness, aspect of
self-arisal and aspect of the 1ii1·iz::~·1:11MCJ'S'~&1·1:1!·~,:i~·~"1'1:!&1f ~
Buddha himself.
688
11c:·ic::'~aJ·~1 ic:·~''\''\~·c:i~I o.i•.: ~Rl~:tl..fllll:, ~ 'lf(1'
5,:til R?! Ifu1 itfc'r I

<1'1"1o.i·c:i~ I ~ o.i·so.i·c:i ~·'\c:·c:i~· "1~o.i·~11 tq 8_!;fil t31l ~ ~ f.t'i.l fRa clR
flill{ut i P.;iq"t1 I :tl GI~ <l>:tl d Ii li- ffl "tl'f"ffil" ftlitt I <l ~Q· - 3ITo
~llfl t <l '«lf't- tj(-ql'I: q1"Ftic1,1:. q I< Ift1 c/,, .fR:l fi la Iq ~14, i'hf) f1
"1<j'1c;,1 'fi\alq~ltll:, Gi:tlci 4 f1 fi'f c/5 q Ill Rf1 c/5, 1fc/, <if 3ffift
'
4+ifi'fc1,q1l1Rflc/51:, .-Jqffi: ~lll:tl ~lll~i!Rnc/5, 'lll'lt; ~Rl~:tl..flll
fitRflc/51:, c.lc<II~: ~ffi~:tl'1~lll:, -am 1fc/5 <if ~ 5,:til R?! I
~ wa' 5,:tilR?11fu1 itfc'r I Three hundred sixty-four
f48_!;31l et ~ f.t'i.lfRa en m precepts of a fully ordained
nun- Eight defeats, twenty
RI ~ q "1 ftlitt I <l ~Ii- '<ITT' i::rRT-
m. ~ fi1a1q~l4. cfrn remainders, thirty-three propel-
ling downfalls, one hundred
4 f1 fi'f c/5 q Ill Rf1 c/5, ~
eighty solitary downfalls,
~ Ill ~ii Rf1 c/5, '<ITT' ~ Rt ~ :t I'1~ ll -am
eleven individual confessions
1fc/5 <if ~ 5,:til R ?I I and one hundred and twelve
Two hundred fifty-three wrong conducts.
precepts of fully ordained
monk- Four defeats, thirteen °t'\~"]"'l'CJ~ '<l!'$"<I~ 1 i"'. ~ .~ "] "'l' ci ~· '\"-'
remainders, thirty propelling
downfalls, ninety solitary down- 9%9 aJ~"'l'CJq'~"]"'l'<l~.''\C:'"1%"1 Cl'\'
falls, four individual confes- ,~·~·~l!j"'l'CJ ~-'\"-'"]%9 'l!~'C\'.5"'l'~"]"'l'
sions and one hundred and
twelve wrong conducts. CJ~''\"-'"]%9·~o.i·t1~·,;.._,,."l"'l'CJtl!,l'~ll
'\~·f r_·aJa.·c:i1i:rs·'!.iai-i:it·a9·~·:-i:i~1 ~ : :t I a Fc\t1 I: xf'TT:- "i3c/ff rf
' --'l• '
i/i!0r/...-;/- ql~"ll c/51'1"1"1 iJlTd":
<1aJ·,.rc:i~'\l ~"J''l'l~I 11"-·ic:·~aJ·~·
:tlcifcltl': ffl: ' :tlt1fclo1': fc1ct1~l'I: '
~"]~all i"''~'\'<l~''\"-'<1~'\'~1 ~•.: ~~f1_,,,_~,,..,,.-J'~11"1-n1-1: :t Ia fcltl': ffl:, ?[£I
~ fcl c/5 c1 d lll l"1 °'i: iJlTd": :t Ici fcltl':
<1'1"] "'l' CJ~· "1%"1 ~1•1:t-i1RI I
"1 ~ l!,l' ~11 "tlR m "tlR l;j'i'f>R ~et - ctm
Fc!, 'i/i!cpr/~, it c/isT T{l!! !-
ftre:r'l).:ii~='l~~~<l>:tld?!ll ~ cfi et> I'I uI it,'\ ~ 1fc/, <if
~llfll<l'«lf't- ~ qi.1ftic1,1:, 1fc/, ~ c/5 I'I cfi ffl, 1fc/, <if 1fc/,
Rh1RI: fi>ali'H141:, ?1l1Gi:t1q ~c/,l'I cfi fclm '1"'1, ~'l~c/, x:\
4+ifi'fc1,q1l1Rf1c/51:, ~ \j (-q n-j 1fc/, <if 1fc/, ~ c/, I< cl, ffl
wa' ~lll~i!Rflc/51:, Qc/,IG:tl -am cfrn ~3:ff *t fclc1,c1a1 x:t
689
Fiftyfour-Countless
'3cll"'l m clR'I ~ ~ abandonment within the Desire

!.I cb Ix et xT'T I Realm, One hundred and eighty
Four hundred and four types of objects of abandonment within
disease: As it is said in the the Form Realm and One
Tantra of medicine 'Caraka- hundred eighty objects to be
Tantra '- One hundred and one abandoned within the Formless
types of disease caused by Realm.
disbalanced to air, one hundred
5'-l'~r::.·1:1~·~-q~·{i:;·1 8'Cl'"-\1·~"1~'
and one types of bilious disease,
one hundred and one types of Ql~'~"'-'<11l,'fo\'3lC:~'<l'~~-~-i"1'{e;·~
disease caused by phlegm and
one hundred and one types of "1~"\·?J'"'-'"-'.)QI' Cl'~~-~, i"1' { i:;·1i::·1 8'CJ'
disease caused by the unequal
..,;;i ·'l(C:. QI~,~"'. <1"-. ") o\. oJ i:: ~·<i.") ~'r~. ~ "1.
O\v"...... 0\ ~C\
proportion of the three when

they assemble together. { C:'~' "1~"\·?J'"'-'SJ\' ~. ~~'~' i"1'{ C:'J 8'CJ'
(5f!JC:.'<l~-q~'<lf<I~! "-\1·<11.l;(SJ''lC:'~' "1~ '~"1'QI ~'~,;·<iii: f o\'3Je;~'<I'~ ~-~. i"1'
Clj§' 8'Cl~ 1 "1!J."1~'f'lSJ'-r~· {SJ· ,ii::·ci~; { C:'~ "1~ o\'?J'"'-'SJ(o\'<I'~~-~ ·i"1'{ e::·1
1C:'Cl!1'j§l "1!J."1~'3l\flol~'~'{SJ ~e;· 8' CJ''.'.\"1 '"1 ~SJ' ~. oJ ") ;J' <I' QI~.~"'. <Iii' f o\.
~ ~
ci !'1e;· ci !1' j§' ci ii~' ci 'I! oJ ~ •' ~:'ffi'f '1-J I •Fll ~ m:- 'r'l g,'< ,tf) RI ti 1.; tf t14f .\'..JT:-
~ : ~:c:jtjl~lf\ 'l-llc!'11~11J:,
xI' I«1 ,;m,crat ~cbfc1~1R1flli5R:lc!>I
~: ~ ~
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'l-llc!'11~11J:, ~ : ~
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~ 'l-llc!'1lg111~'<1R1 I
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,;m,crar
~ct,Fc\~1R1f11§fucb1 wi-
~ , , -:111101i fc1q101i llR141ff
~ et ~~~'1 'l-llc!'11g11,
~cbfc1 ~I R1 fl It,R;i cb I fl 1'i l.-llW1-
~ et ~ m 3ITTf\ ~.£.11~'<1R1 I
'l-llc!'11g11 ~ ~ et ~ m ill '< l'fil § ul I x
Ef4-f<t> .\of- xf'T
3ITTl'\ 'l-l Ic! '11 g 11 I
The four hundred and fourteen et ,;m,crai- et ~ lf ffl fl
§"11'1 wl-~. S1:f et 'ITTff-'llff
*
delusions to he abandoned on
the Path of Meditation- Fifty- *
et "11! 1f <fc61 fl § "11 '< w\-
~ ' "IT§ et ,;m,crai- et wl ij
four types of objects of
690
'i ffi f1 6 "!I'< - ~ tfl1.JT 6")1'< fuE:'1 TIW lJ6-1ff "11:f

cfMT fct,rr ~ i:ifu-qai- ~ ""' 11' 11' rfl.r fcterr ~ '!i I '1 I"11 "11:f 11'
f11 '11"'1 ilifil>lti $'111, (flT-~ I i3 <'1 "'1 il ifc6) ,i s '111'{ fuE:'1 I
Eighty-four thousand aggre- Eighty-four thousand obstacles-
gates of doctrine- Twenty-one Twenty-one thousand categories
thousand aggregates of doctrine of male planets (evil spirits)
as antidotes to attachment, arising on account of hatred,
twenty-one thousand aggregates twenty-one thousand categories
of doctrine as antidotes to of naga planets (evil spirits)
hatred, twenty-one thousand arising on account of ignorance,
aggregates of doctrine as twenty-one thousand categories
antidotes to close-mindedness of female planets (evil spirits)
and twenty-one thousand ans,ng on account of
aggregates of doctrine as attachment and twenty-one
antidotes to all the three root thousand categories of planets
delusions in equal proportions. (evil spirits) and ghosts arising
from all the three delusions in
1:19111 <1,1·~111<1,1·{c.·!l"l·i:i~'\·~·:-i:i~I ~ .'I! i:.. equal proportion.
"I "'I"~•,qa.·.;:9\"i. { i:.·!:jljr~ -~· ~ 9%9 !!lC.ri'\·i:it(~f 9%9 c:i~1 c:i~I {i:.·1
9~·~9·"l"r~,;·qa.·i!! 9\-i· { i:. !:19"~ -~· ~ ~l 1:1.!:jolf l!,l'(.JJI s·c:i1 ~"--§"'! il,;·
9%9 r.i.\'\" a;91!,1""1"'1" ~,;·qa.·~9\-i' { i:.·
f.l.!:joll !l'\'f.l.!:joJ"i"i·2J1 /!1''1"~9 /!l"l"~"l·
!:19'~·~·~9%9 ~9"9'!i"l"l!iol"il;'\""ll!,I"
~ ,;·<1a.·9\-i·r.i.~ ""I" f i:.·!:J9·~ ~- ~ 9%9·qf1 "llj"l"'II "1ljol"'l'i"i·2J1 1'.lJ"l"'II 1'.lJ9"'1'
i:1g,111tflRI: i!-!$1li Fcl&11:- ~ -
i"i·2J1 &1·~9"'1f &1·~9"'1·a\"i·2J1
i3ct1 ti 'fl '{ij,fc\ ~I R1 '!i I5 ~ ij, I:
'.F'~l.181:, '11g15,cllti'fl '{cj)fc\~1R1- fS'\'~"il (S1'~"i-i"i·2J1 <!<:."~"ii <IC,"~"i·
t11g~cj)1 '11'1{151:, ,1,115,<Gti'fl
'{45fc1°~1R'1til$~ij,I: -B{)lJ i,1:,
i-i''Jj ~'\"f.l.~"il ~'\1:1.~-i-i-i''Jj OJ~f.1.·
~ . ,fi 'i Fcl ~'Rf: i3 <'1 ti 'fl ';'l)- 1i:.·1 OJ~f.1.'ti:.·a\"i·l.T1 ~-~"l ~-~9·i"i·
Fc\ ~ 1R1 t11 s ~ cj) f ~ I
'f.it ll I~ 5 uj Ill fc'I &l- T'1f-lJ6 ~ 2J1 rr1·0J~"'lf rr1·0J~"'l·al"i·2J1 1<Ji:.·i.r1
""1" -q il ffi '!i 6 "! I'< fuE:'1, 1c:iz::.·2J·a\"i·2J1 3l9"'l·~"il 3l9<1,1·~S\'a\"i·
'iT'T-W er; ""1" 11' ii ifil>l ti s'111'{
Fctv,, ~-w ~ "11:f # ,i ifil>l ti 'Jj °("l"'I" r.i. ffi'r °(9"'I" r.i. ffi'· a\"i ·2J1 r.i.si:..
691
. .
-..:rg: 4 tj I ~I'd: 3fffil<l: Fiftyfour-Countless
S"ll Cl. c:.·s<>:·i'I· 1 ~:1ii:ri"11 !'1illl"1' '151 f.l '"I,, 3l6TI'Rr, ~ , fc't cl 1t";,
'15lfc'tcllt5, '3<'<i•l, '151f<i•l, c!T5'1,
i'l''Jf {Cl"1'~"1 {Cl"1'~"'i'l''Jf
'151cll5.-J, !Mbr, 'it-;lfefe'lf, ~
Cl~'~"11 Cl~'~"1'i'l·<S1 ~"''§C:.'J ~ii;' '151~1 cR+r, '15lcfi,'lf, ~.
'i~"G. ~ . ~ . TJfcr.
§C:.'i'l''Jj {ci"1·lli:ri {ci"1·lli:ri·i'l''Jf
'it';l•lRI, f.'li:.i,i.ii, '15lf.'1'-!,"1,
5"'"1'<lf 5"'"1'<l'i'l·<S1 ~c:.i.t ~c:.:( ¥f. '1t51'.!S::1,-<lc'f, '151<1"1, x,$11,
'151fi$11, ~ . ~ . <R'lla-T,
i 'I' <St ~lll<:l.·ci I ~lll<:l.'ci· i 'I'<S1 ci; c:.· '1t';l<iJC'1laf, ~ . '151~-Ql, cJ>'(iOll,
f iS1"1' i<1·2S1 Cl1jC:.' f iS1"1f SJC:. "1'al ~- '161C/J'(1UII, ~. '1t51:!~ci.
~IHT. '1 g~ qe,r ~ 31 fi c"-1 I
Cl~"1'~11 System of counting of
3lf1&it'll •101.:11~~=- ~. cm. Countless- One, ten, huno,~d,
"ffif+(, '(-16~'(. WfG:, c'fa-T'j, thousand, ten thousand, hundred
3ITTIBa-T'j, ~ : (31~i:;>t), l1Uj: thousand, lakh, ten lakhs, crore,
("'-l~i:;'j), JP_ff:, •H511;J,ci:, ~ : .
ten crore, hundred crores,
Mahapadma, Nayuta, Mahana-
'151.-J';J,ci:, ~ : . '151Qjci:, <l>cfi,:,
yuta, Prasuta, Mahaprasuta,
'151</Jcfi,:, f.li:.i,:, '15lfc'ti:.i,:,
Kankara, Mahakankara, Bim-
3l6TI'Rr:, 1tt,T6TI'Rr:, fc't cl 15:,
bara, Mahabimbara, Alcyobhya,
'15lfc'tcll5:, s;1cti•1:, >15'1cti•1:,
Maholcyobhya, Vivaha, Maha-
c'!T5'l:, '151 cl 15 .-J :, fi1fb:r:, 1tt,T-
vivaha, Utsanga, Mahotsanga,
fi1fb:r:, ~:. '151gg_: cR+[:,
Vahana, Mahavahana, Titibha,
'151cfi,'lf:, ~:. 'i~"G:, f1'11'<1:,
Mahatitibha, Hetu, Mahahetu,
'151t1'11'<1:, TITT'r:. 1151•1RI:. Karabha, Mahakarabha, Indra,
f.'1 '"I, "1:, '151 f.'1 '"I, "1:, ¥f. Mahendra, Sambhilta, Maha-
'151'.!S::1, <lc'fl'(, '15l<lC'1'j, ~ . sambhilta, Gali, Mahagati,
'151fi$11, ~ : . ~ : . <R'llal, Nimbaraja, Mahanimbaraja,
'151<1"111\11,, ~ . '151~-Ql. "'""II, Mudra, Mahiimudra, Bala,
'
"''1=51=ct,='(1=u=11, ~:, '151'.!~ci:, Mahabala, Samjnii, Mahasam-
~IHT. l'!mlffi, 31fi&.i, ~ I Jna, Vibhilta, Mahavibhilta,
3Ftit.."'l ~ IJOI.-JI f<lfq- 1f. Gti", Bala!cya, Mahabaliilcya, Maitr1,
~lcicfi, 5"11', 31';!<1'1, c'!IBI, ~ . Mahiimaitf, KarUIJll, Maha-
~ (3f¥), l1UI ( ~ ) . 1:f'l:C, karUIJll, Mudita, Mahiimudita,
1151qcu, ~ . >1611~e1. ~ . Upelcyii, Mahopelcyii and
'151 Q'\'j.tl, </J cfi ( '151 </J,, f.! '"I,, Asankhya (Countless).
692
!"-'"'1'\I Index
t-111~i:.,·il'\·qf~ill'5'~'\'1;1J
"l'~"i'"~l 398 -
;l"i's"''i';J 303
"l'~"i'"~l !06 ;l"il"'"l~"'l 04
"]JfC/q 'iOl''SQOI'Q~'"l'!:\"' \ 479 ;)"if"'"l'!:!"'l 031
"!~'"""''"~'\ l 321 ;l"i'i~·"l~"'l 04
"l~·cia.· ·~r~~."~. "~ r 487 !!I'!Q'~'!l"l"'''ll"''"~"il 289
;l'i''\~"''"$'\l 321 !!j'~"i'"$'\[ 321
;l'i''ii"~ l 106 i~·~a,·a,,;\"~'il 289
;l"i'"-i··in 183 '\"I"'"1'!:!., I 031
;l"i..,"i'"l'!:!., l 031 '\"l'·:<i· ~ "''"l'!:!., I 032
;l'il'\''\~ 373 '\"l"-''ill:t.,·"~ I 106
;l'i'"l\"1"'''\~·'ls"'·"a.·~.,."liil~· '\1'i·a,["l ''\';j'~"l 373
~·~a,{"l'"~l 398 '\1"i..,i"l' "l'!:!"' I 032
;l"i'"'i "l"''"l~., l 04 ~"'''If".~"3''1'"1'!:!"'l 032
;l'i'"fi"l"''"~'\l 321 'l"]C\'Q t '\' ~~. Q'Q $'\ l 322
;l'i'"i"''f"i·.:f~., ..,~ ., l 04 'l"]C\'Qt'\'~'Q~ l 107
;l'i'.,.,..,a,·.:f~ Ol'Qq''\"~ 'Q'Qf "~ l 488 ""IC\ 'Qt'\ '';J"l"''~'~"l'$' ~"i·Ziil.·~ .,,.
;l'i'~~·~·~a,'Q'Q~\ 106 "-S"''"~l 107
;l"i'i',;·~a,·ci·'\';jl 373 ""l'l'S"i '"1'!:!"'l 032
;l'i·t,;."l'!:!., l 031 ""l"-'"l'\"'"''"l~c::~"1 244
693
1•:"1[~1 Index
~
Cl"l"-'"l '\OIOl'CJ/l.. 'lf Cl~ j 107 ~·"l~Olj 04
Cl"l"-'"l '\"'"1''11.l.·j,,,..,.Cli'"l ~ o: 1 459 ~·Q~I 109
Cl"l"-'"l '\"'"l''ll'l°"l"l'Q~"i1 289 ~·~a,,v,·oa;·"l'!!"'l 033
<l"lll.'?.i\1('1 183 ~'"l'!!"'l 033
<l")"-'"1'!!51) 032 a·<iilc:':!·1!'1 183
<l"l'-''l'j"lOl'CI~ J 108 !j<io:·"-~·.,·51s"i·!·<i/li<l'1l'"l'!!"'I 034
Cl")\"·"li"l·"1l.·~~·~ '~'\! 01 !j<lOl'll.~'~"i·!·"l~'~"l'"l~Olj 05
Cl'.lf~o:·;"lo:·<it'\ I 322 !j<io:·q~·i1l.·ci/li<i·s·~51·,r"l'!!"' 034
Cl'.!)'~Ol'CJ1l.·i;o: ·ci!'\1 322 ·s

!j<lOI'"-~ ·s"l·'"\'<l/li<i·s· ~51·.i·"l'!!511 034
!a:,·<i~I 108 !jCIOl'Cl~'~"l'"l~Olj 05
!'\'"1'!!51) 033 acio:·,,_~.Cl/ljCl·s·~ 51·" ."l,.,1 034

~
l\\'\·%"1·51·"1%"1 01 !jCIOl'"l~ "I I 05
l\\'\'%"1 ·51·"1~0I J 04 aicio: ·"l'!!"' 1 033
l\\'\'%"1·"'·<li'~"l 504 &o,·~~''\S'Cl'CI~ j 109
l\\'\'%"1·.,·ci~ I 108 a·ai:i'\·ci~·"l~Olj 459
l\\'\'%"1·511.\·g'-·ci·ci~ I 108 a..,~"-·'\~\.i1l.·~"lo:·.i·~·ci~ I 109
l\\'\'~"l"l'CI~ I 109 a·"la;o:·ci~1 110
l\\'-'51'~','Q !'\1 577 a. ci·"l% "1·""10: ·li"l"I'" 1 01
')\\"l'CI'~"l 244 ao:·':!·ci~ i 110
l1!'1 183 aOl'':!·'\51·c,1l..,,_gj·ci·Cl~"i1 290
694
ij"'"Q'l'\I Index
jlll"!:!""l~&l, 036 l"""oid\""1~01, 036
jlll"!:!"l~, 541 rJ,"l "'I""1%"1 01
Jd\'"~I 110 rl."'·r:i~I 111
"'J;\"l'i"i'"l%"1 01 f"-'~'~'\''11l:iii~·"l~01f 036
'l'J;\"l·ri·i"i'"')""'!:!'"~ I 110 f"''~"l·~·~r,·r:i~"il 290
"'J;\"l'ri·i"i·~·)l!l·r:i~ I 11 I 13"'~"l·~-~"l'<l'"~I 399
'l'J;\"l'<l'"l•"I Ill! 05 13"'"'.!,"l'&l'"~ I 111

• &) •
'l'J;\"l'Q'Q~t"l·a"l 244 !3Q'QQ,''\ "l"""'""jl III
'l'J;\"l'<l'Q~J III ~""·"~."l~"I 460
r:i 'J;\"l'"'.!,""'"'"l~"" I 036 ~ 01 ·ri1l.· i&l'<l'"l~"" I 036
l"'d\'01'Q'"' "l.,.. , 05 ~·a"l'"-f"l"I 245
l"'j"-'UJ"i ·oi"l·"~"i I 290 ~'\-i"i·"~'\ I 323
fl011!l'~·;i ~"i·a"l 244 ~&ll!l'a."i·a"l 245
fl&llll'qfr,'&!' "l ')Ill ! 05 ~1l.·td\'"t'\I 324
fl&ll!l'r:if-r:i t'\I 527 ©'"l~"l 01
fl&ll!l':1('1 183 ~-.,a.·l"~'"l~"l 450
l""""''a"l 245 ~-lf·"~I 399
I""'"'"~' 11 I ""l""i'Q' "l ~ Ill ! 05
l""""'"l~""I 036 ""l""i'Q'"l~011 037
f'&l"'"l~""'""'\~ 374 &lf'"i'if"''"''"l~01 , 037
695
;J""Q'l'\I Index
"'I""\l Q· ft a..,.,."\.~ ~·a"l 246 "'""·Qa.~ .,.~&l"l"'·a"1 246
"'l""-"O.!"~"'.I!"! 183 "'""·Qa."'.,."11':!., r 037
"'l""-"0,!""'"'.1!'1 184 "i"".~"1·"1 ~ "' r 06
"'l""-'O,!''l~! 112 '</""'"'"'./!'! 185
"'l""'·"'-&1"'~ r 112 "i""·ar· i..,·?i·Q~ r 114

;_.
"'I""'·"'·"'·~"l""'"''"l"\.,.Q~ r 399 --
Qf' "'"'·a., 247
"'I""'."'a."l"\"' "l!. r 184 '<f'-'"'·,i~ I 114
"'l""''"'a·:rit<J~ r 112 "'",_.ar,"11':!"' r 038
"'l""''"'a·s:·Q'"ll':!"'1 037 "'"._.,,,.~.,."11':!., r 038

.
"'I""'
~
'<10,' t"''~".] 374 "i""'"'"'''"'Qa·i"''q'Q~ r 114
"i""''.l!'~'Qac;·qr 184 "'",_.a;.,.,"'Qa·i"'·?ia-~~. r.,·a"1 247
"'l""''"'a-~.,."'. '.1!'1 184 "'""·ar"' ·Q'"·i"'·?ia·~ ·Qa -~"\· i..,·Q'.l"\ r29 1
"'S"\'"' "1 ~"' r 06 ·q,

'<f"'"'"' ._.<Ja·i"'·?ia·~.,. i..,·Q'.l'i r 291
~
"'S'i'"''"ll':!., r 037 Qf' "'"11':!., r 038
"'~"'·"'·is "'·s ~ Q~ r 113 ~"'""'"-"''~"'-~"'""1~"'! 06
'</"'-''.I!'~ 'Qac;·?ir 184 "le;.•.,..,.Q~"l-~'i·"l ~"' r 06
'</""·o.~.,-~."'"'' "11':!., I 037 "11:;'~"1''.I!'! 185

~
'</""'~"''Q'.)'il 290 "lc;·•"l·~ '{\' ~Qi~ I 577
'</"'-'~"'·"'·Q~ I 113 "le;··"l·-,·~ .,.'l)I:;"' ·a"l 247
'</"'-'<Jll.·~·li·<J~ I 113 "1C.'""l'~"''"'''l'.)",1 291
696
~ __!:l __!:l __!:l __!:l __!:l __!:l __!:l __!:l
n __!:l ~ ~ ~ ~ )! )! ~
e, e,
~ ~ ..... '1!,;
~ ~ .2 ~ ;» J"1 2
;» ~ ~ __!:l __!:l
"'"2i,2 "'"2i,2 "'a;,2 "'" ~
~ ,,,, ",.; _...",.;
..
Jl Jl
.. ""'~"" ..,. e, ~ - _,.,",;, "'E ,; ~
--'l ~,; ..,;, E Jl7
"'2 6"' n .A ~ ., ~
""j} ~""., -"'w., w_.,,..,
,; 2 2 2 ~ ,;
,; ~ 6"' 2 1 n 6"' ,; ,; - ~
~ ,; ~ $ '::I; ..,. .,,; .,,; ..,. .A
- ~ __!:l __!:l d! ~
Jl7 ""- ~ -'""
.....,4 ~ 1 '~ "1 i
Jl7 1
.A
_,,., __!:l
2 ,;
,;
,;
J>,
a, a, u, .... u, ..., 0
0 0 N N
--u, 00 .... N 0 N
"'u, -., -
00
u,
.... N
--
00
u, -., u,
"' 00 "'-., "'u, "'u, N
-a,
a, 00 0 ....
- "' "'- -
..."' ... "'
a,
-.,
"'
..,. ..,. ..,. ..,. ..,. ..,. ..,. ..,.
__!:lJ
..,.
__!:lJ
..,.
__!:lJ
..,. ..,. ..,.
__!:lJ __!:l
__!:lJ __!:lJ __!:lJ __!:lJ __!:lJ __!:lJ __!:lJ __!:l
,,;, ;j ;j
::1:l,
;j ;j ,; ,; ,; ,;
i __!:l
.,;
2 ,,;
Jl7
"
"",; """,; "" .,,;
21
..
""" 1 '1l'
.,;,
,.
~ ~
_... ~ 4_,., 4 ~ ~ _.. ,; ., ~ .A
;» <).!i, <!!i, 1 .,,; <).!i, <).!i, 6"' ~
.... ._,.....,;
., __!:l __!:l
1 _....,
P. ,,,; -Jl7 d!
_.,,,., ,; 4 ~ E,
_., ~
8t.' __!:l .A
_,..
:.
Jl t1"! ""
__!:l _,.. 'l\ 2 _.. n ,.,
P. .A n.' .,;
" __!:l
....,;"" _.,,., ,,, ,,,,
-"" - - - ,; .,,.;, Jl7
2 __!:l
,; .,
., i ~
Ni Ni - E\ i ,; 2
- !
"1l ~ Jl7
~ ,; Ni ~
~ ,; -
__!:l
__!:l
""i ""i
:,
0.
0 u, u, .... ... 0
00 ..., 00 00 00 ..., 00 tcl "' ~ 0 ~
a, a, ~ I:, 0 00 ~ a, a, a, a, N u, ~ 00 00 ""
"' "'
-
~"'""l'\1 Index
.
"i9''l'"il1 '400 '\9'lf<:.·.,a.·"~"·s·~.,."t'§"l'l 8""~ 1 689
"i9'"'"il'9~9 450 "i9"'"''"'~'i·"~ I 118
'\9'"·"~ I I 16 "i9"''"'9"'',.,..,,~ I 118
'\9'"'~"''"'"il. 9~"' I 460 '\'ll''i[ai·"'9 ~"' I 07
"i9'"a.'8""'9~"'1 39 "i'll'";.-.,.".§9 249
"i9',,a,'""1 "''9~ 'i "~ 'i'"a.'111""''~' "i'll'";.-.,.".")'i I 292
;;i.,.,.."i, 375
~ ..
"i'll'" &l''IC!.'"-9"''9~"'1 040
"i9'"a.·""1"''9~'i·~.,."."~ I 117 "99 01 ·~9 01 ·{"''~9-"t"i'il'8""~ I 691
"i9'"a.'<ii1 01 '9~'i'"''~'i'~'"'~- "'ioi·~·"il'9~"'1 481
~"i·~·,ll\'i'i'"t"i I 326 519a,·2'.i· ~ 901 ''.It! 188
"i9'"a. '01'5J<:,'Qij1 401 "'SJ'i"<6°'i'"~ 1 118
"i9"f<:. ')'S"i'"a.-,...,,~ 1 117 C!.9"l'Q -~"''"'9 ~ 011 07
"i 9·toi· ~·t!"' ·51\·uia, '"l9'"il I 401 "'9oi·,,.~ "''"'9~"' I 40
'\9 ·{Ol' ~'al"'.,,,"i"''~.,.il'"''§9 "'9oi·i'i'""-'"'"i'""I• I

~
590 I 18
"i9'i<:.·~ '8""a.-~ ...,,.,,~ I 117 "'9"l'" '"~ 1 I 19
'\9' i <:,. ~ ..J:Ol'~ 5J01'!"'.,,. ~. ~-1 187 "'9'"a.·l~·1 188
'\9'i "'' ~ ·toi ·~ 5101·~ 01 '<l t· ~-"il I 688 "'99'"~'i ~-~"i·i'01·"~I 119
'\9. i"' -~-,,~i:,·5·~ 01 ·" t'"' ·9~"' I 688 "'99·"~'i.~. t!"' 'S'")'i I 292
"i9'"~'i'"'i9"''"'"~ I I 16 "'99'"~'i. "il.9~"' I 460
"i9'i<:.·~·1
v ••
187 "'99'""'.~"''"'"il'§9 504
698
j) j) j) j) j) j)
~ ~
il ~ il ~ I'!\ I'!\ I'!\ !!I\ I'!\ ~ ""J<,,
1
lb
--'!
,;
,;, ~
~ 6Vi
____!l ..,
, , 2!
,,,
, 1 ,;
,.,lj Jl
2!
~
Jl>
!!I
____!l
1;
Ill
1;»
,.,'! ,.,'! ~
j)?
,;
-9o
il ,, il
,; ~
,., ____!l _.. J:, 2! ____!l Ill ____!l ____!l ____!l
~
* ,;
.,,; _;;"",; "'! ~
Ill ,; ~ Ill A ""',; Ill Ill - "
1] 1] '.'.'l ,; 1'2 A
_,,, ~
~ "" Ni ____!l ~ ~
~ ~
1\.., ~ i!!i, f!
~*
'"" ~ Ill
... -t
____!l "'! A, .,
,; " - ;:i
~ 1 1 ""Ill
,; 1'2 _;;
~ ~ ,;"
____!l
~ ~
,,,
~
,;,;; >·
____!l
~
N N
V, V,
- V, 00 00
- 0 N
-
00 V, 0 00 00
~ ~
... ... - -
0
0
N "'a, 00 0 "'... -- -.J "'· 00 00
"'- 0 0 0
"' "'0 - "'"'
"' "' "' "' "'
"'"'
"'
(J!> _,, _,, _,, •<J!> "4"! "4"!
il ..... ~ --'! --'! --'! --'! --'! 2! ;:i ~ ,;,;; JJ2 ____!l ~ "'!
,; ;i,; ,; ~ ,,,;, ,.,., ,.,., ____!l ____!l J<
_,.,
,,, Ji '1 .A
., ,; ~
,.,.,,; ,.,.,
6Vi ;:i
_,., ~ ~ ~
-- _,., Ill ~
j)?
____!l Ill ,; j)? Ill ____!l Ill 2! -
'{ Ill <Ill ~ _,, di -
;:i
E,,; Ni - o,j
Jti! 3 A ,,, 11
Ill ____!l Jl
(J!>
- - - - - - - - -.. - --
_.,,, _.,~E
"" JT 1Ill 1 .lj ,; _,,
j)? il ,; 4;' ____!l -
~ ,,, m
~
--!!
,, ,,, ai, ""'Ill
.A 1]
~ .....
Ill 2! ~
·,; "'l
~
V,
0.
N N N
N ... -"
~ V, ~ V, -.J 00 00 )<
N 1g 1g g' ~ 8 00 "
~ 'E ~ ~ "' 0
"' - 8
"' "' "'
a"-·<!"f~, Index-
(·•rci~r 121 m·~.,..,."l~"'r 641
l\'"l~"'l 041 ma·"l"i"''Cl!'\1 327
11'"1~"':!·J"i'<l\i'"li"l 451 j<l''l''/!'f 190
ii°"''~;.J'<J'"l~"'l 07 jcr<1'"l~"'l 08
ii°"''""-'~"i'!'"l"·~"l'<l~ l I2 I ffl<l''l'"l~"'l 041
ii°"''"11·ll "l·il) l 122 jci·q·ci~ I 122
(ai· flC:,<l $''\C: '<l\i'CI~ f 690 jci·s'\·~·~·.,·'\~l 376
ii°"'' flC:'.,"i'.,C:"''<l\i'~"l 505 i<l''QJ'~'')S'<lil.'l\"l"''UJC:''\"l'"l~"'l 042
{ll'QJ;.J''\~l •
375 iCl'<l ~'\'>1C:·;·Cl!'\ l 327
ii'.,..,,.,.~·s'\.".~"l 252 iCl'C:"l'"'"i'"'"l''l:'l 191
ii°"''"'"''"l~"'l 08 iCl'<l'{;.J'QJ;.J'~'l 191
ii°"''QJIJ'5"'·a)' { "1'"11·;"l"''Q!'\ l 327 iCl''l'J."i'IJ"CJt'\l 328
(.,..,,.,.!'{._.~. flC:'S{"l'"'"'~ l 122 i Cl''lil.·c'.'·15'-ci\il 403
,·.,1l,·'\<l'Cl\il 402 i c,·q1l_''\ol "l"''"' Cl~' "li"l 452
, ..,1i,.'\ri a·~.,. 'l]c:...Cl\i'"l~ .. 1 461 j QJ'IJ'~ ._."li""l 552

•
,·~"''"l~"'l 08 Cl~'\''l'~;.J'<J'"l~"'l 040
l~"''C!~"il 295 "'m"'·cil:l.-~"·"'sl 403
m·ci~·""li"l 452 ciici·s11.1\'"i"''i"l"''"'c:''\"l'"l~"' I 042
!f~ll''l'"l~"'l 08 C:'!OJ'C!~"il 295
m·~ai·.,.~._·cii'\1 578 C:'!"''"l~lll 042
700
~"''"1'11 Index
"-.,.~"l'~&1·oi'!i&I r 043 1(.,,<f,"!'i r , 324
"-.,.~."l"i"''"!'i r 328 'i(.,·<i'·"l~"'I 09,
"-"l·~·o1·1~'"'"~ I 122 'j(..·<f·oi'!i&lf 44
"-"i·.r"-'"l'!i&I r 043 &I "-"'."I '!i&I r 045
i:: "l'.,.r·?i"-."l'!i&I r 043 &i<: "l'~a, 'f&1"''~"l''l/"i."1 252
....."·~·r 191· &1<: "l' ~'"l"i"'.lil""'·~·r 192
.. ., ·"a.·1"i::·<f·oi '!i&I r 043 &i(a:,·~"-'"~I 403
.. .,."._.~'i'"l.l.·£·'ii::·&1!1"i'"'"~ r 123 &1(a:,·~.,.,..,!'i r 329
.. .,."._.~i; ..,. ~ &1·"· .,~.,r 295 &1(a:,{ .,.,.&1.fa:,·5 'i·"!'i r 329
...,.~i::'!.,.".~&1·"·"!'i r 328 &1(a:,·"·"l~"' r 09
...,.~'i'CSJ"i'"l"I'"~ r 123 &1(",''l'~'"~"il 296
(·lf.,i., Ol &1(.,."."i., ·~1·"a.·.,iil ._.~·~ ·.,~.,r 296
(·q°·~ 'i'1a.·~'i',.,..,'!i&I r 043 &1("i'""-{.,..."a.·~ &l'""'."l"l"l'"·"~ r 404
(·q°·~ 1·1a...,"'i.~ 1· ~·r 192 &1(a:,·"._.~., ..,.~.,·~r 610
~q·~ 'i·il 'i '"'"l'!i&I r 044 &1(a:,·s<-·~·r 192
(·q°·~1'"1'!i&lf 044 &1(.,-~ ...~., 252
1(.,·<ii.\· "'i::·"~"i·"~"ir 269 &1(a:,·~.,·~·r 193
l( .,.~"'"!.,..,a,'i!i"l'"l'!i&lf 044 &1("i''!i&1· 'll"''1i::..,~.,r 297
'j(.,,~.,.'i';ll 377 &1(a:,·'!i"'. 'll"''1i::."~ r 123
'i(.,.~.,..,~.,r 08 &1("i''!i"'' -''i'"''"~ r 124
701
~,;·~,~, Index
&J('i',&l''l~l 123 a;'i·t1a·~·.:<1l'<J1l: {'i·<i·~., 253
'I(''I ~'!ol"l''ljj l 405 ~·s<ll·.,i., 01
',l('~'~'~'\l 193 ~·i,'·q~l 125
~"jOI'~' i ''l''I~ \ 124 ~·i\9i9 01
~"jOl'~'"j'iOI 'j;\'IOl''I~ \ 124 ~'UJ'i'<ll"l''I~'\' ~'il 330

~
~"lOl'~'<ll&I. ~&l'<l' '.l('l 194 ~·,;"l(ll''l~'i l 297
~"1(11'~'"1,.,l 045 i'i'"'~.,. .,,.,! 46
~"lOl'~J'\'<l'"l,"'l 045 i'i'Q''l~l 125
{'i r.,,sjcl.·~·"l,.,l 045 i'i'"'"l,"''~'il 46
{'i'~ '"'l"'i'Q',.,.jj'ii'''I t'\ ·~·"'a;''il 598 , ..,.~&l'<l''ljjl 406
{'i' i.,. ~,;''It'i '<l>; f "1(11't<ll ''I jj l 405 i·r.i.~<ll''I~ l 125
{'i'°-~"l''.l('l 194 i·r.i.~<ll'"l,"'l 46
'If 'I' ~&l'<ll&l''ljj'"l~ OI \ 461 i01'~'(&1''1~ \ 126
"l°i'\'~"1(11'~''1~'\''I~ l 124 iOl'~Ol''I~ l 126

~
l"lOl'S<ll'"l~"l 01 iOl·~'i·"'a·j;\'l"l ·~·r.i.~·~(11·~., 253
i'l''l~I 125 i ·q1l:tlf'i''i'i''l~'il 297
a;·.,i., 01 i'i''J''l~'il 298
a;·&1~'i'"l,"'l 045 i Ol'~' 'I '\"j'~'i' ~&l'<l'"l~ OI \ 09
a;·"l,"'l 046 i"l·~a·OJ...-'i'~'i·'.l!·I 194
"''i..,~r.i.·ij''la·il~·~·~.,.'.!I~., ·qt'\r 330 iOI'~' ",S ~ OI''ljj\ 406
702
ij"'"'l'\I Index
,.,.~."'i..,."11!;!., I 046 "'"1''\Q,;·<[,;..,."11!;!" I 047
,.,. ~a· cil·~.,. "11!;!., I 047 &l£"1'!'J,!; '"16"1 01
,.,.l".,.,.~."-~.,..,.S.,'Qt'il 330 "'"1'!'!,;·"1~ "I 010
'"'l"""'Q~'\I 298 &l£'i'~'\':i'\·<i·Q t'il 331
,.,..,.,."11!;!., I 047 .,,'i.~ 'i·:t'i·erQ\j' .,i., 453
,.,.'i,.Qil'"l'"1 ~., I 634 .,£'i'~ '\. ~., .., ~., 1 010
£&l'Qtl 643 &l£'i'<l'~&l'<l'Q$'il 33[
£&l'Q$''i!;''ii1 661 "i''i·,i·~.,·,i·"1 ~., I 010
i.,·~·1 [94 "i''i·,i·~•""~'iI 299
i°&J'Qil"-"',.,.~-~"1' ~or QijI 407 "i''i·,i·Q~I 126
£&l'&l£"1''1(1 194 .,i''i·,ia.·~"'"ilI 407
,.,."~"i''l!"i'!·il I 299 "''i'<la.'l'"Q®'il 331
,.,.Q~ "\'<l'Q~a. '9""·af·"il'"1~., I 463 "''i'i'i'~I 195
,.,.Y'i'Qil1 407 "-i 'Qa.·~'\'"11!;!" I 048
,.,. $">'il&J''iQ'\'~.,. "11!;!"1 047 "-£. il .,.,."11!;!., I 048
£&l'Q~'\'il''1'\'~'1 621 ~ "1'~'\·Ji;·Q·Q®'iI 331
,.,.~-~.,·,i·"1~.,-~ I 010 ~ "1'~'\·J,;·Q·QilI 407
i'oi·!:Ii;'"t'i'~."~.~,;'I 690 ~ "1'~5i·Ji;·q·Qil'"~ I 489
i°oi'"1'!;!., I 047 ~"1·~5i·j,;·Q·Q~I 126
.,,.,..,~.,! 010 ~ •r~5i·!·"s:'i·,i·~·1 195
703
ij"-·ci.Jf'\I Index
~ 9'~",'$'i,,rcit'\l 332 ("''\""l'"l~"'l 049
~"l'~",'"l~"l 011 ( "'"'S"·~ 31·t1·9~"l 011
~"l'~",'Cl:i",1 299 ( .,.,..,~.,·t11l.·i"o,·~9 253
~9·~.,·oio,·"''\" ·"a''\Cl" ·?f··~n 195 ( .,.,.,.,.".~"1 254
~ "1'~",'"1,"'1 048 (Ol'~~O,''l'Cl~J 127
~"1'~",'"lOl''l'\"'"/l,·&1.;-'\·c,·~·1 195 citci·"l~"'I 049
~ "l'"'~&l'"J,.. l 048 '. ~"-'$. '\cic:.:i·s., ·c,/l,. ~ ·ci·ci~· "1~., I 463
~"10,'CJ''lt'\l 332 ,.,·r" ·~·"le:·a9·ci¥-ci t'\I 528

~
'II\ 90,·t1·~·1 196 ,.,.r.,."a·l"f""·cis1 409
~ "l"'"'Cl~'~"l 506 ,.,·{o,·~·~·"1~"1 011
"'~ "l"'S'\''\';!I 377 ~a,·{.,.~,£1~ .,."a,.~. ci~ I 127
~"1"·,·~,;·ci/l,·~"·i~\cit'\I 332 ,.,·{o,·~·~ci/l,·~·t1·ci~1 127
~9·.,a·1ci·"·'\~ 378 ~a,·{o,·~'UJ",''j",'Cl¥'~·, SOO
~"l't\'"1~"'1 048 ,..,·{o,·io, Cl~",! 300
~9·ol .,.,.~.""i·ar.,·ci~I 408 ,..,..-.,..,t"l·ci~'\I 333
tci~.,·~,;·&1·~·1 197 ~..,..-.,.ci~·cis·i 1 ·~·a ·£1,;·, 603
to.ici·!!" '"1,"' I 049 ~.,..,;,,.!:!,;·?f·~·1 197
(Ol'~"J'Cl~, 408 '"'"''\~ 378
("'S",'Clli! 409 ,.,.,·cit'\I 334
l °'''\""1'"1~" I Oil '"'"'"'~"1 254
704
a..·Q,~1 Index
~.,~·,i·ci5a:, I 300 f ",·,i"c, ~·i",·lill.' ~·151c_·~"1 255
~.,~·,i:S:!:l"' ·l,··.1n 197 f a:,·3i"c. •r~"1 255
l 1511:l.·~'"5"il 300 f"i·3i"c.~·,i1:l,·~·~"1 255
~·a-.·soi·"1%"1 01 fa; ·,i"c,~·,i1:l,·~..,.~"1 255
~",'151£",'"1%"1 01 fa; ..;-"'~·,ia·s1·oi~·"~1 410
~"i'"l£"i'5~'~"1 255 fa;·3i"c.~·~c,·Qq'l"1'!l.151 1 049
~.,.._a·5~·.i\,,~·"l~~1 464 f ,;·3i"c.~·"l'!l.1511 050
l~-.·!·~oi·,,·~·1 197 "l~"i'"'1'1'"'"~1 l 334
~·fa:,·~~1 543 "l~"i'"'"~ll 335
lf"i·~-.·"~I 564 "l~"i·"·o,5·s1·"~1, 335
~ .,,3...,a5&,~·il1·~·1 197 "l~"i'"'"~I 128
~ 'Qq'~"i·l,·i '"5"i 1 301 .,~.,·~1·i1 198
~ ,,,a·~•ri"i'"~ll 334 .,~.,·~1·"~' 410
lC!<.'ol"i'<l'C!~ 1 127 .,~.,·,i·~1·"~l 128
~~·,i·~·, 198 \c. ·•r<i/.\·11 "I '<l'~"l'<l'1".J1 379
~~·,i·"l'!l."'I 049 \c...,a,·~"!~·~·,rC!'"l'!l."l 1 050
~~·,i1:l.·l~·, 198 ,:a:,·c. "1·~-~~· ~.,·,i· "l'!l.., I 050
~~·1ol"l~'~&l'<J'Q~ 1 128 ~"I~·.,·~·, 199
f"i·,i"c,~·~·1 198 ~"l~'"''"l'!l."'I 050
f a:,·3i"c.~·~c. ·~·ci~1 409 ~"' '(.'"!'!l.., 1 050
705
ij""S1'\I Index
ii::·i!9·UJ·ci~ r 128 "1~"·1~ 380
i,;·2r~·r 199 9~,;·ia/fcit1l 366
ii::·1'·~"i""1~"'1 051 "1'l"""'",!;""1~"'1 053
i,;·l,·"1~"'1 051 "'i "1"'",lJ\f.,· "1~., I 053
{"'"'"~"1""1~"'1 011 Qlj,;·f..,.,·~·1 199
{ .,.,.~"1"~ ·ill-~ "'""1'1"' 1 011 ClljC:"{"'"'""1~"'1 053
{"'"'"~"1·1~1 379 ;9·,;1·~-"~ r 130
"~"i-~"-UJ"i""'"1""~ r 129 i"1"Q>;"~"Q"Qt1l 336
"~"i·"1"i"'·~" 1!,;·g·UJ"i ""'"1"" t1 I 335 i"1"i{"t-f"i"CJ""1~"'1 053
"~"i""1"i"'"lUJ"i""'"1""1~"'1 051 i "1"'"~"!s"'""1~"' 1 053
"~"i""""1~"'1 05] i"1"'""1~"'1 012
1
~ ..,,a_..!i ..,a· ·!j,; -~..,-s"i·ci~-ci~1 489 i"1"'·~,;·1i::·"~-"~I 490
~,;·?.·~"i-~"jQ"Q"~"1 256 i"1"'"~,;·1,;""1~"'I 054
~i::·?. -~"i-"1'1"' r 012 i "1"'"UJJ; "1"1"~.15.(·~"1 256
~i::·?.·~"i·1.i"1"'·"a-~.,-!!l,;"'·1~1 380 i "1"'"UJ,; "1"1""1 ~.., I 054
~,; ·?. ""-~"i"Q~ 1 129 i "1"' "UJ<; "1"1""'.Q~ Q" is"'"~. {""i.,.
~,;-~"i""1~"'1 052 15""""1~"'1 054
~-ar..·"i·.:·""""~"'·"a·:t·1"1"-·"·"~·"1'i"'I 464 i"1"'"UJJ; "1"1""l"Q~Q·g:S: i°"i"'.
"1'i"i"~&l"l"1!"1 199 15""""1~"'1 055
"1~ -~9·~-~"1""" "'.'.i"i I 301 ill]"'"UJC:"1"1""'"~"'"""-"tj

~~ s ~
""i"'"1 ""i""1~"'1 O12
706
11"""'1'\I Index
i"l"'"UJZ:,"'i"l""l""l1""S":f·"i"'''iS '"i'"l~"' I OI2 'll'"'"i'~ "'"~'i I 571
~"i'~''iQ"'·l.i·::i5a:,1 301 ~·::i·""I"'"'i "l"' -~·:l"l '~-::i~ I 131
~a:,·ir, ·co.9 oi·::i" -~"' ·::i ·~., ·"·::i~ I 130 ~·z:i·~·1 200
~a:,·::i~"' -~·'i""'·l.i·"l~ "'I 013 ~-ol"i·~·1 200
~ "i''i""'·I.fa'I"""'-~"l 256 ~i::z:i·~·~·1 200
~a:,·"-9oi· ~ ·1"i:l •l .,-::i~·"l ~"' I 465 ~r,·::i·~r,·::ia·f·::i~ I 131
~a:,·"-9oi·"l~"' I 013 ~r,·z:i,'\·~·.ta:,·"l~"' I 013
~'i'"-9"'' gil.-~·\a:, "~'"li"l 453 !".'1>1"1"''~'"'"'"'.~.,-... ~-1 588
~"i ·co.9 "l'UJ'3i'"l "1' "~·"l ~"' I 465 'll'i'"~'il 337
~a:,·co.9"l'UJ"i'"l"1' ::i~ I 130 -.

'Ii r, -~'i'"~'~"l 509
~a:,·"1~" I 055 fr,·~'i'"~'"~ 1 490
~"1'9"~'1 199 f" .". ~ 'i·::ir::i!'i1 529
~"1"9'Q'~"l 256
-. .
'II"'~ 'i'~ '{11 544
~"l'9il.·i""l·\a:,·::i!'i I 336 - •
'II"'"'~ 'i'~"'"'"5'i1 301
~"1'"""~ I 130 {<:'CJ"~'i'"~l 132
~"l"''"".,.,,.~"''"'~"1 257 fr,·"·"~! 132
~"l"''"' "1~., I 055 i"i·"il. "l'i 'i'"""''"5"'i I 302
~"l"'"CJil.' '"''~"1 257 fa:,·"il. 'i.,.,.,.~.,."."1~"' I 013
~'i"~l 131 {&,'CJ'~"l 258
~'"'"i'"(i"~"l 507 { ""''~·~-.::"l":i -~'i'"'"~1 411
707
~"-"'l'il Index
i <lOl'<l!'\'"''~&l'Cl'<l~'§., 509 ~<lOl'~&l'"l'"\'!:!&l I 056
{<lOl'~'l 200 ~&lOl'~'\'i(''\.,.~.,.>;Q'~&l'"l'<l~ l 133
i i:ioi·<ls'"l'!:!"'1 482 ,.,·iil·"l~"'l 013
{<lOl'§"l 258 !!.,.,·toi·s'\.!&1'Gf,<l&l'C1a:<l"!l:I.' "l'!:!"' l 056
f <Joi·&,"''"''"l'!:!"' I 055 !!"l"''(i'\'"'<l~1 133
{<l&l'<l~ l 132 !!'-'<l'<l~l 133
{<l&l'<l~l 411 !!'\'&!Is·9'<l"!l:I.'<l<l&l'<l~ 1 133
<l!j"\'CI'~&l'CI' <l ~'\1 337 !!'\·&i'1s·9·~<J·i.'\·<l~'\I 337
<l~'\'CI'~&l'~&l'if"&l&l'§"l 258 !!'\·&i'r_.9''\(.,. ~<l'<l ~'\I 338

~
<lf\'\'.,.<ls'"l ~"' 1 466 !!'\'&!Is·9·il "1'"''"1'!:!&l I 056
<l'!j'\'<l¥&1·'\~ 380 !!'i..r._·9·4ioi·r.i.s"'·~· 1 201
<l'!j'i'<l¥&1· 'II"'' 'It"'§., 259 !!'i'&lls '9''\<l'-·~.,.9·cli'i''i'\'<l ~'\1 338
<l '!j'i'<l¥&1·~&1''\"l'"l'!:!"' I 055 !!'\'&!Is·9·oioi·£'\'<l ~'\1 339
<l '!j'i'<l¥&1·~"''"''"l'!:!&l I 056 !!'i'&lls·il'i..,a_ ' \<TC.·~"1'9·cli'\''j'\'"1 ~'\1 339
<t'!j'i'"'/l.·~.,."l~"'I 013 !!'i'&!Is '&l'i!l'i·"'/l. '<l"!l:l.'<l<l&l'<l~ 1 134
~·1'\·~·~·!·!·io'1 201 !!'\."I '!:I"'1 057
0·&1/l.·a;·"'!!'i·~· 1 201 il·l"''"l'!:!&ll 057
~._..,i., 02 •.,.i.'\·~<)'"'·<ts'"l'!:!&ll 482
O<l&l'&lf'&l't'i"-' "1'<lsI 412 ""l' £'i'&l°€C. '"lOJ'§"l 259
O<l&l'&lf'&l'<ls'"\ ~ Ol 1 467 • .,.i'\·'\il .,.,."'.<ts· .,i., 453
708
!"'.,,'ii Index
••ri"i'"'"''i'tl"-"''"'"~ I 134 "'""'"l~"'I 015
""l'i"i·"~"·~·5·"·"1'!:!"'I 057 "'""'"~I 135
""l'"'"l~"'I 013 "'""·i"' ·j"..,..,.r"i·s'\·~·l"'·" ~·"l'!:!"'I 483
• "I'"'i"i·~..,., ..,a_.":i1 ..."l~"i'i ..,~. "'!J'<li"'·"·"~ I 135
~'\·"~I 413 "'~'~"''"'~'! 202
'i! "I'"'i«i·~ ·"i"-·"lol•r~· '\S '"'"I~"' I 014 "'~"i·a"·~·, 202
'i!"I'"'i«i·~·i."IOI'~' al r:.. ·~·~ &l'!]r:..Ol'Q~ I 134 .,~"·a«i·!:!"i''!:!"'..r"loi·"·"l'!:!.,1 058
11 "I'"'i«i·~·i."1"1'"''\'""''S'\'"a· .,~"i'"'!"i'"~I 135
.,~"·"a·a"i·"I~"'1 014 •i{·i..,.~."l"ioi· "~I 414
'i!"i'<J'i"i·~·i_"IOI' "I~ OI J 014 .,•.i."'·~·~.,. ~"i·i ·ilf"i''i "i."!'\I 340
'i! "i'<J'i"i'~·i_ "10!'"''\''l'"l'Q'\';j'"i~\ .,•.i..,·lilf"i ·,; "i '"~"iI 302
.,a'"'"I"'.a"i·"~ 1 135 &1{·i.01·"1~&11 058
'i!"l'"''\"'"i'"'"I~ "'I 014 &10r:.. ·l ..·"~ '"l"iO! '~'"'&I'~· 1 202
'i!"I·"·i,.,..,.'\,I 381 &1or:... tl"-';l"i'f"''"I'!:!"' I 058
• "I '"."I '!:I., I 057 .,•r:... ,ir:..·"~"I'"' "I~"-{"I''\,I 382
• "I''\""i'oi ·"!'\I 339 &1or;. ,ir:..'"'i "l"''"-~"i·("I'"''\,I 383
• "l''\""i'OI'"~I 413 """-'l!"-'~"l'"'"l~"-{"1''\,1 384
l"lr:..·1 02 .,.i;' l!"-'!:Ol '~"i·("I'"''\,I 385
o"I"''"'~.,."."I'!:!.,I 57 &IOI;'"'"'' 'l';!"OI '~·&1.i;. tl"-. ~"i'!I Q'"!'

~
o.,.51l_.i., ..,i,'"i,""-'("loi '"'"!'\I 340 '\"-'"~."l~"'I 671
709
~"''"'l'il Index
&1Jfr:;·QJ&1'~·~qor~·&1Jfr:;·~r:;·f'\·jq· '\"''"'5"-'Ql'Q $'\l 530
Q$'\}j'~Q$'\l 630 '..i"1'~'l 203
&1Jfr:;·QJ&1'~·ql\"''"!'\l 340 '..i"r"l,"'l 059
&1Jfr:; 'QJ&I'~ :il"''"''Q$'\ l 341 :\'\·o,~f'~"''"''"l~ "'l 015
.,Jfr:; ."'.,.~"'.""'i.~'\·%"1·.,."lI§ "l 510 :i'\'"'slll.·'\s .,,.,,"l r 136
o,{Q'"''~&l'"''Q"l l 136 :i"''~'\.Q!'\I 342
'\"l'"''"~ I 136 :i"''~'\·~·-z.,.Q!'\I 342
'\'\'"''~'! 203 :\"''~' {''\"' ·~·q/l, 'QJOI'"l,., I 059
'\"l'"''"''"l,., l 058 :\"' ~·:\"'·~·Q~I 137
'\ '\'"''~.,."l,"' I 058 '..i.,.~..{ "I"'' ~&l'"l'\'"' "l'§"l 259
'\'\..,a_."'\·elf'\'"li?i' Q>] I 414 :\"'·~"-'"'"''~'\..,a_..,l·q:\'\I 302
'\'\'"'/:l'UJili'"'"l'Qol f 136 '..i"''~"-'"'"''~'\·,:al:(' ~"l' "l'\"''
'\'\'"'l:l·~"'·"l,"' I 059 r:,l·"!'\l 531
'\"''"'·~"''"l,"'I 059 :i"''a,'\'§"l 260
'\"'..:"l·~·~r:; ~asll "~ 1 136 :\"''ao'\·q~ I 137
'\"''.i:"l·~ ·~., '<j' ~·1 203 '..i.,. ao'\·"l,.,.,,,(.,., I 060
'\"''.i:"l'Q,j'Q"l 1 491 :i"''.i:"l"''~'l 203
'\"''.i:"l·"l,"' I 059 '..i"'l'\''\, 385
'\"l'Q'Q!'\1 341 '..i.,..i:"l"''§"l'J ''IS.QI 260
'\"l'"-5._.~· l .,·r:,~·~"l 511 '..i"''"~I 137
710
~"'""I'\! Index
~.,..,."~'i·"a..,,;.,.!i.,.~..,."~"'·"a· ~'\'"1~"'1 016
ilf•;'i'\'"1~"'1 060 ~·;~,;··in 204

) ....,,.,1 060 ~"i''\"''"~"i·"·"~ 1 138
)"'·9,.,·~·!ioi·"·"l,"'I 060 ~"i''\"'''f")"il 303
~·F°·"i·~'\·i~·~'\·"~I 415 ~"'·"~"i·s1 616
~·ff'i·~'\·"~1 137 ~"i.'\"''"~"i·"·"1~"'1 016
\F''\'""''"'"~I 415 ~"i''\"''"1,"'1 061
~·f'"i'","''"'"1~"'1 015 ~'\'","' <l''~:r 204
~·f'·"i·~"·"~·a., 512 ~"i'! '\'<./'~ &l'<./' '\''..\' 386
~·~·'.ltl 204 s9·lf~·~·1 204
~·"~"i· ~ '\'".,."'.")"i1 303 -

;,,;·~,;·")'ii 304
~·"~"i.~'\·"1,"'I 061 s<: i ,:;·t,"l"' '" s1 416
~·"~"·~.,.. ·"·"ii.'\~a·.ii:;·r 540 S"i'"'l ""-·9-;9·"·.,,., I 061
~."~a:,-~ .,..."·a., 260 S"i'"'~ "-'"l'i "l'"~ 1 138
~·~"i'~"l"''"'")"il 303 s"i·"·".,.,,."s r 417
\"~"i.~"1"''"''"~1 137 ~·","''"'"l~"'I 016

~·"~"i·~.,..."'a·...t"i·~·~.,·sio:;.,·"sr 416 ~·..·a., 261
~·"~"i·~9oi·CJa·t..,..·~r 204 s-.,.~.,.,,."~ r 138
\t("-·"1,"'I 061 ~ ..,..,,.,1 062

~"i''\i5J'<J1t~111·si,;o,'Qij1 416 ~·il'\'~''\Q,;·li·.,,1111 062
711
~
~"'"""l'\1 lndex
~a·'\s·i:r~"l 260 Q\l\ffi°'"l~"l! 63
~"l-~I 261 Q\~"i·,:"Qfil'\I 343
S"l"'''-''Ql~·1 500 Q~ '""i-"l·~{"l"''~&l"<".l. ~·1 205
"l'\"i '"11\!""·~-'\~"l·l\f"'I 062 Q\Q'"l~"'I 016
"l'\"""''<:"l'"iI 417 "~ ~"l"'·~i::·<i·~"i·'-'3.·""\·"~I 418
"l'\"".,.<:"l'"lilf ~·1 205 <1\ ~ "l"'.{ z::<ia. i .. -~"l 261
"11"l·s·~"l"'' °"i. "11\!""I 062 "~ '"'~""''-''"fil'\ I 343
"l\"i·~ "-'" fil'\ I 580 "~"i....,."l ~., I 016
"l\"i. ~""''-'' "l'\!"" I 063 "~"i''-''~"l 261
"l\"i. ~ "l"' ·"f·"$'\I 531 Q~ "i....,. '\i::·<i·"l'\!"".! .~""''-' " ~-"l ~ ., I 468
"'\"l''\~I 386 "~"i''-''Q~ I 139
"'\"l} '11'"'~'-zll 545 Q~"i''-'' ~&l'<".l'Q)"i 304
"'\"11 'II'""~"'.~·1 567 Q~"i''-''~"'''-'''\~ 387
"'\"11 'II'"'~""·"'·"~ I 418 "~"i'CJ~1l.-~&l'C,"Q~'~"l 512
"''\"l'il'\'"l~., I 016 ""'\''-'~'I 205
Q'\"l-~"i""l~"'I 016 ""1"i'"'!'i'Q1Q'CJ1l.·s·Q·~"l 262
Q1'\·i~·1 205 ""\· 'Jl<:.,."!''\<:."l ~., I 646

I
"'1'\'K"l'\!"" I 063 ""\·®'\."""i·i::"l'"l~"" I 063
"'1'\'Q~I 138 ""\'"l"' '§<:."a.·""i-'\'I!"''"~I 419
<l1"i'!!l"l'"l~"l 02 ""\'';!"l"'·~-~"1"'' "l'\!"" I 063
712
a•:..if~I Index
"-5·s'\·~·~,:;·ljq·~"l...r ..·~·1 206 "-\'\'a;"l"''"~ 1 140
"-5'S '\'~'"'"''"l'li., 1 064 "-\'\'a;"l"'·~·1 206
"-5'S'\'"!'\1 344 "-\'\'1""'"'·~·~1 546
~·s'\·"1~"'1 017 a.\'\''1'i'{'-''\':J1 387
a.5·~ ..·l~,:;·ljq·~"l...i ..·~·1 206 a.\'\'"'"!i'"l~"l 454
"-5~"''"!i'"l~"'1 468 a.\'\'"a·~.,.,i,:;·~"!i'~ "~1 608
"'5~"'·a"l 262 "-\'\'"a·"'to;..,.~·1 206
"-5~"''!,"''"'"!il 419 "'\'\·"·"'·i\"a. 'll'a"l 264
"-5"''"'"l'li.,1 064 "-\'\'"''i·~·1 207
"'5,,,..,.~.,."."!i1 420 '<\'\'"''i. ~a_..,i'\'"'~'1 207
"'5,,,..,.,..,."."~ 1 139 "-\'\''ll'~"l"' ·a"l 264
"'5"''"·~,:;·~·"~ 1 140 , _~\'lla·,,_t·~· ~· 1 207
"'5,,,..,a·.11·.,a..,6',.~ '\'"!i1 420 '<\"''"1%"1 02
"-5,,,..,a_."l~ '"l'li"'1 064 S"'.~'i·"l%"l 02
"-5111·g.,.~..,6',.~ '\'"~ 1 140 5"''~"''"!'\1 344
"-5.,..,.s.,·~·r.,,.,!'\1 344 \i.a·r..·"5'i1 304
"-5"'·.,.g111·i·l111·a"l 263 {it'\'"1%"1 02
"-5"''"''S"''"'"l'!J"' 1 064 ~"1'~'1 207
"-5111·.,·g.,·r:,~ 1 140 ~'i'il'i'"-5'S '\'Cl!j'CI~ 1 492
"'~'\'f"&l'N'~·•i/f,;·,i,:;' !J"''!j'ilr"l~"' 1 585 ~·ii 'i'"'5'S '\'~ .,."l ~ ..1 556
713
~
a~·'l"l'\I Index
~.,..,~''\"I~., ''l'Q~ 1 141 ~·~'i'"l'!:!"'1 142
l"l'"'"li"l 02 ~·Q~! 065
~ "1'"'"11"1"''"/l.'{ ""''"~ ! 141 ~"''"'ilft: '"''"!~ "'! 142
~"J''l/l.'<ll.,'CI~! 421 ~.,.". "1~:::. "a.·~. ;in 017
i"J'CI '1(<ll'CI !'\1 344 ~"''"'"1'!:!"'1 208
i"l'"'l("''§"l 264 ~"'' l'Cl'iZ::·,:ill, 'Ol&,'"l;., 1 065
i "]'Cl '1(OJ'C!~'i·r.i/l.·~"''"' ~· ! 208 ~.,·a)'i'"l~"'! 017
i "]'Cl l("''"~'i ·r.i/l.·~.,'l,l'Q~ 1 141 1:1i·1:11l.·1~.,..,."~ ! 143
i "T" 'I("''~"!'"''~.'! 208 "i.,.~'i'"1'!:!., ! 066
i"l'" '1("''~.,.,r<i~ !
~
421 "i"''"'~"''"'"! ~., ! 017
i"l'" '1("'' y1l...,~'i'; '\'"~ !

~
142 'i'""-'~'"1'!:!"'! 066
i "1'"'1("'' ~"''"''\, 387 ~·(,l'.,·§"1 265
i"l'"l("''"~ ! 142 ~·,a.·.r.,,§"1 265

~
i "1 '" '1("' '"I'!:I., ! 142 'i~·~·a;·,:i~'il 305
i "1'Q'1("''""''"'"~'i1 305 ~~·~·"~'ii 305
~'"!'il 064 'i"1·'11l.·.r.,·"~ r 143
~' i\"l'!:!., ! 346 'iZ:: '9"\''1~'"l'!:!"' ! 066
~. i\"l'!:!"''~ ·q~~'!'.!"l'"l'!:\"'1 064 'ii::·9·'i~"'·~~·"l'!:!"' r 066
~''l'<li'"t'il 065 'iZ::·9· ~ '\' ~ '"1'!:!., ! 067
~'"'"~1 532 'iZ::·9·.,z:: ~'"!'!:!"' ! 067
714
~,;'Q"l'\I Index
"iC:'9'~'~'\'<l~I 422 ~&l'&IS"i'~' ~&l'CJ' ~.,. ij'Of Q~ I 587
"iC:'9'~'&1'~"1 265 ~.,..,s"i'"'l"i·s\~·~"~I 424
"iC:·9 'l'(OJ' ~ &l'CJ'QjJ1 423 ~ "'''!le:o,·CJ/.l. ·\"i.'i"''"l ~., I 017
"iC:'CJ1l: ~Q'"1 ""'' fil'"' "~ I 143 &;"'' !IC:.,..,.cll"i'CJ1l:'f"i ''\"'' "1~ ., I 018
"i"''"'I" a·af"i''i"i·~· 1 208 ~"''""'"!'ii 346

•
"l"i'\'"1~"'1 067 &;"''""'""I I 145
"1"i"''1;1Q"''Q!iI 424 &;"' 1c: 9''\&1'£"1'~"1 266
"l"i"''r;"i·iil "i 'Q)"iI 306 &;"'·1c:·i04 ·q)'II 306
"l'i"'·"'~"'.., ""'·s'\'CJ'"1~"' I &;.,.CJ.•.,.,.~1 ·0J c: .,. ~· 1"1'CJ'Q"j• I

~
067 145
"1'1"'' i"i·~·1 209 ~.,.CJ"-'{"1'CJ'Q!iI 425
"l"i"''1;\QOJ' ~·1 209 ~ &l'CJ"-'{"l'CJ' &;"''CJ'"l~., I 068
"18\.,.Q~"i 'Q~ ·~ "1 513 &;"''""-'{"1'"'Q~ I 144
"1'1"'. Q~"i'"'"l~., I 067 ~&l'CJ>;'O>;'CJ''j ~ 388
"l"i"''"'"loi·~·)"''"'~ I 143 ~&!'CJ>;'O>;'CJQ,. ~· "1~., I 068
"18\"''CJ'Q~ I 144 &;"''""'''\"]'CJ'~ &!'CJ'"1~., 1 018
"l'l"''CJ''i~ 388 &;&1'CJ"-''\"1'CJQ,'crf'1·"-~"'·"'~I 426
"l"i"''!;!QOJ'~ ,;· tl 568 i

&;"1'CJ>;' '\"l'CJQ,' "\'CJ'~.,.CJ'Q~I 426
"1"i"''"1*-·~·1 209 &;&!'CJ>;' "1 iii r;' Q' "1 ~., I 018
"1~\ol&10J'"1~"'I 068 &;.,.CJ._.~ 9·s1·.,·&i"i'CJQ,.., ~"1"' ·~·1 209
~.,..,s"i.~.,.CJ.Qt·1c:·" ~1 664 &;&!'CJ>;'~., 'CJ>;' '\"1"-. QQ,.~&!'CJ>;'~ "j'CJ'Q)"i I 306
715
~"'"'l'\1 Index
~"''""~"''"'"' /' : 018 ~"''"-5,;·t,., .~·1 210
~"'.""~"'·"·~"'·"· "1'!.!"'I 068 ~"'·~,;· t'\·~·~ 'F'"i'~ '\'<r~I 428
~"''""'~"''"11'l"1"''~'1 210 ~o,·1:1,5.._.t '\'l'\C!c:. 'C!~"iI 307
~.,.,,,~...·C!~'a"1 513 ~"''"-5"-'t'\'~'~"1"'C!~ I 145
~"''5C:. ·~''\<IC:.·?l' ~·1 210 ~"'."'5"''t'l.~"1"'·~·r 210
~"''5C:. '(!~ 1 145 ~.,,.~.._."'.~"'·"'·~·1 210
~"'·5c:.·~ ' \<IC:.·21' CJ$'\1 347 ~.,,."'5.._. t'l·oi., ·~c:.·cia·5"1 ·t· ci~ 1 146
~"'''\5''3$'\1 347 ~"''"-5.._. t'i. "1'!.!"' I 069
~"'·'\S·ci~"iI 307 ~ oi·t:1.5"'..,~\'!.!.,.ci~ I 146
a
~.,.il"i·t. ·ci·q~1 426 ~"''"-5"'. ~"'·"'·<r~ I 348
~.,.il"i·!·w"i ''i"i 'Q $'\ I 347 ~"''"-5"''.!i'"i·il '\'"'a. t '\'<I$'\ I 348
~"'f"1"''{,;•q•~"''Qa_,clj'"j''j"j'Cl~'CI~ 1 492 ~o,·1:1,5....~"''"''"1'!.!"' 1 069
~"'f"1"''{,:,·ciq·~"''<l'CI $''\C:.'~"i'"1'!.\"'1 678 ~"'."'5.._..,.c!i ·t '\'a"1 267
~.,."1cl) c:. ·a"1 266 ~"''"'5"''""a"1 ~· ~<I~ 1 613
~.,.~.,·~·l""'"''a"1 267 '!(C:.'Q'~"'·<r~"i I 307
~.,.~.,.~"1 267 '!(C:.·q·"1'!.!"' I 069
~"'~"''"-?.i'Qq'!f"1' '\~ 389 ~\~·f"i'"1'!.!"' I 069

~
~.,.~.,·l"1"''<1$'\I 348 '!('\'a"1 267
~"'."1'!.!"'.'\"1'"a..,."1'!.!"' I 068 <l~<r·il "'"''"1'!.!"' 1 069
~ "''"-5.._.~''\il"1"''"''C!~ I 146 ?s,~·"1~"1 02
716
-
~'C""]'j\ Index
'\<l"l'-''\'"li"l 02 lQ~l 147
'\<l"l'Q'Q!'\1 348 ia·~·Q'"l'!:1"'1 071
'\(:!C.'i'"l<-l'UJ"i'"l"l'Q~ 1 147 1q..,''\'~"i'"1\'i.,1 071
'\<l''i~l 389 I 'i'~'i·~·t..,"4."l\'i.,1 071
'\<l'S'\'Q~c_·c,·Qt'\·~1 623 J'\'~'\·t1l.·'\"''i°"1'~'\''l''l''l~''l~ 1 493
'\<l'&,"''"'"1~ "41 019 J'\''J'Q~l 148
'\<lq·( -i<-l'ol &l "4 'Q~'\'~' ~'Q'~ ,;·"1~ "41 559 J1·"·.,·r.,,~<4·,ra"l 268
'\S'i'<l '"l\'i"' 1 070 f 'i'<>l"' ~.,·Q~I 148
1S1·t.,·a"l 286 !Ol'l"l~"ll 019
fl'-·~a·"1"i"4''-"i'ol"i·Q~·Q)"iI 521 !Ol·~·~"''"l\'i"'I 071
fl'-'S{"l'"'Q~ 1 147 !Ol·~a·"'""i·~ 1·~·1 211
fl" ·5·~"'{"1'Q~I 428 !oi·,r~"''"'"l~"ll 019
fl"·sa·~<4·a., 268 !<>l'"'~"'·"·<i~I 429
ffc.·<1/l.·j"''Q'"l\'i"' I 070 ! Ol'Ol&l'"l\'i"'l 071

~
flr:; 'Q'~"''"l\'i"' I 070 { •r<11l_·.,oc.,,·<it'il 350
ffc. 'Q/l.'C.,,)'5'i'Q!'\1 349 l,f ( Ol'J '5-i'"''"''"'~.,..,. ~·, 211
ffc.'Qa:! "'''l'"l'!i"'1 070 .,.( Ql·)·5"i'"a·.i ·.,,"i.~"1"4 ·a"1 269
!<>l '<1/l.· ~a·cli'"i''i"i'Q ~'\I 349 '4'0l<4'o'Q'"a·.,~\"l\'i"' I 072
?/'i''I'~"''{c.·~ ''i&i "1"1''J' ~·, 211 "'"i'""~")"l'~'UJ"i'"l"l''l~l 429
?/"i'tl 211 ""''"'Q~ I 149
717
~'-·•111 Index -
""''5"i'"il 430 a·(a,·Q/l.·~"1"''"~ I 150
""' 5"i'~"1 269 aa-~-~'i'"il 431
(St:·'1·~·1 212 a,,·,J'~c:·~·1 213
(St:·2foi·"l"i"''Q't1~ I 149 a"'·il·~c:·oa.·o.~o,·~·~·1 214
(St:·'1·~·1<1·~·1 212 SaS'I"''"1'!:\"' I 072
(St:·li·"lt"' I 072 5a.·~"''"-f"'"~ I 150
!S"i''"1"'' ~.~-~-I 212 5"i'il'"'"1'"~1 150
!S"i'loi.,-~.,,~ I 150 aa...,c:"''"1'!:\"' I 072
!S"i''!:l"'''"l"''Q' ~-1 212 5"1"'·Jc:·ol·~·1 501
!S'i''!:\"''l"l"''Q'"1'!:\"' I 072 5"1"' -~· "1I1·Qa.· ~ "1"''"~ I 151

v v
5"1'~''\~"''"-f"''"ia.·~"i-"'"''"il 430 5"1"''!C:'t1,J1 432
5"1'$':i"i·lia.·i'-,·"il 430 5"1"''"il 432
5"1'$'~"1 269 5"1"''"~/l.·o,c:.,.$°' I 432
5"1'$'~'1 213 5"1"''"'~"i·1(.,.,,iI 269
5"1'$··~1 150 5"1"''~"1 151
5"1' $'"1'!:l"' I 072 5"1"''"~1 151
5"1':i"i·~ a,·o.s"'.•~ I 150 5"1"'·o~ll. "l"i"' :i"i·•~ I 151
a·""i·Qa·1QC:··~1 431 !l'$°'''i':}',i~·,i'f·•$'\I 637
a·(a,·Q/l.. ~•·.,.,,..ij'•·t.,.i I 583

~
!!'$°''" $·1c:·~ ,,.,,$'\I 672
5·(a,·Qa.·~"l'Q"''ij.,,a,{ "1' ~-~.~-I 213 !!'$°''"~"ii 308
718
a"·qilf'\I Index
S't"J'Q~l 434 q.,·li'·"l%"1 02
!i"'"l,"1 073 Q"'~'~"l 270
~"1"''"1%"1 02 Q'-'Q lil oi· "1%"1 02
"'"'"l"''"'~"·"l,"1 073 Q"'Ql;l"l'Q~) 153
"'"'"1"'''-il>.·~ o,·~·Q~ 1 152 Q'-''"~·"1%"1 02
"'""l"'·"a·q~'i·"'·q~ 1 152 Q'-''"~'Q~ 1 153
"'""l"''"'a·~._.Q ~'i 1 308 Q'-''"~'"l,"1 074

~~ ~
"'""l"''"'"''""l"''<l"I I 152 <l'-\<l~I 153
"'""'1"''"'11. "l"'c;. q· "1," I 073 Q'-·f\·151·'-''-'Q~ I 154
"'""l"''~oi·~ -~c; -~" ·~"l 270 Q'-·fl-·al c; -~.~ .,."1c;.,. 'l!' I 215
"'"'"l"''"lOJ'"l'\'"l"l'Q$'\1 350 s·"l·~,, 390
,,_i;c; ·~ ·'\S'<l''l!'l 214 S'\'t '\·fq·"l,"I 074
"'~11\'"lO,'OJ'"\~ O,'<./'~"l 270 S1'il'\·~·J"i'Q$ll 350
"'~11\'"l"''Q~ I 153 S"''-''~"·"'·"l~"' I 019
~11\'"l"'''l!'I 214 S"'"'<'l.·~o,·,i~"\ I 309
~"l·~._.~.,·"·"l,"I 074 S"'1Qc;·q~·"l%"1 454
q·~c;·'l!·I 214 S"'~.,.~._.'l!.1 569
Q"l''""l"''Q~ I 153 s1l:~\"l"'"l '"1 ~., 1 019
Q")''""l"''"l,., 1 074 2lo,·?S·"l~"' I 019
Q")'"l' ~ "l'Q'Q~'iI 308 i!l·~a·~o,·"1,"I 075
719
a"'·"111 Index
il\i·•i"-·<i '!Iii\' ~<i·aiec,.·<1~·"1~ OJ j 468 'i

;jC:.i§<l'<l a/OJ''\'11l:1"'10J C: ~ '\'
Q"'j'~"]OJ'~·~·{QOJ'~·, 215 e·t0J·~·rs1 610
;l''\"I"'.~ai·"l'!:I., I 075 ;ic:.t<i·ol aiOJ·'\'I"''i"\·2:·Q~'\ I 351
;i·~ '\·i· '\<le:'"1'!:I., I 075 ;jC:.<&Q<l' olaJOJ' '\'1"-.{ QOJ'Q~1 435
s·~'\·i·~.,,OJ·~"l 271 ;jC:'i§<l'olaJOJ''\'IC\'i"-·li.;·~·~ai·!!]t;OJ'~'{ll 551
s· ~'\·i· ~"10J'"1'!:Iill 1 075 ;jC:'i§t!'olillOJ''\'IOJ'olillOJ'°"i'~''\"\';l'
5· ~'\·i· '\<lC:·"1'!:Iill 1 075 ("'·<is·"li"l 455
5· ~'\'i'OJOJ'"1'!:1'11 075 ;j<;·i§<l'.i illOJ''\'1"-·~"]OJ'~· 1 215
5' ~'\·i· QOJ'1'"1'i"\'"1'!:Iill 1 076 sc:·tt1·olillOJ''\<l"-'f'\·<1·~"1 271
5·~'\·i·'ll'~"l 271 ;l'-'i§<l'<l&IOJ''\'l"''li·o.s·<i·'\';l'Q~·~·"li"l 631
5·~'\·"'· ~~c:·t1~·t1~ I 494 sc:·t"·ol&10J''\'I"-. OJ'"s' 436
;l". i§<l·e·.i &IOJ''j...Q.._.~OJ·'\li"]OJ."]'!:!&11 076 ;jC:'i§<!'ol&IOJ''\'l'l'Q~'~"l 514
5c:·i§t1·olill>J'i'~"i·"~ I 154 sc:'Ol 'OJOJ '~c:· Q'~ 'f''i'; '\'" ~1 435
5c:· i§"'i·ol ill OJ'~ill''I' "l ~ Ol f 020 ;1c:·!"10J'ei·t1~'il 595
;!'-. i§tl'OJ"'j '"'"l'"~'i 1 109 ;jC:'i§Q'ol"10J''\<l"-'<lill>l'oi!i'~''\'i'
5'-' i§<l'ol ill'l''\'I'\' Q~'\ 1 351 ;l'("''"];;OJ, 469
;jC:'i§<l'olaJOJ''\'IC\'Q~f 434 ;j&IOJ'i>J·~·~·1 215
;IC:· i§t!'ol illOJ ''\'l'l' ~· 1 215 ;j&IOJ''I' i'i·l,·~&l''l'"]'!:1&11 076
S'-'i§<l'il&10J''\<1"'·~&10J'i·'\"c:·<isf 435 s'ia."OJ.~&1·<1·.,,~0Jt 020
;j<-.i§<l'ol &IOJ''\'1"-.g'Q'Q~ 1 154 S'il"Ol'Q~ I 1/>5
720
!"-'Q1'il Index
SIii'<!'~''\;."1'<11.l.· 'i"C: 'Cl~~ I 309 'i"c:·q i"''"l'"'f'"/.l.·af·s'i'"~."~~ I 522
S'S"l'<ll.l.·k"l·~·\~·~"l 271 'i'IC:·ofC:'"1'"1 ~ Ill l 021
S'S"l'ij'q/.l,·~·,rq~ l 155 'i"c:·.,r~·'.l!·r 216
s'i·~·l{ll 547 'iQC:'"' .l!'I 216
S"''~/.l.-~"l'S'i'"~ l 155 'i"C: 'Q'Q~' "1%"1 456
s.,·ll.l.-~ "l.,."l'!:!"' I 077 'i"c:·<1·~._."l.,., I 560
!l"''ll.l.·"l•r~"l 272 'i'IC:'Q'~"l 272
.ll'~ 'ol 'i'<i'~"l 272 'i"C: '§"l'~·ilj'~-'i~'Cl t'i l 352
.ll'~ 'ol 'i'<il.l.' ~'i'"l'!:!"'l 077 'i"C:'Q~l 156
.ll'~-.i 'i '<Ill.'.,['i'<i'Q ~~ l 310 'i"C:'Q~.,. ~'i 'Q~. ~~'<.J l 156
.ll'ol'i''i"c:·<1~ I 155 'i!:!'~'"l.,.,l 021
,lf.,.~"''"l'!:!., l 077 'i!:!'"''"-C:. ~ 'i '<l'"l., Ill l 021
,l·c:~'"l'!:!"'l 077 'i!:!'.,.,;c:·~ 'i'<.J/.l.·i "''i""i' "l'!:!"' I 078
f{"l'~iSl'Q~ l 155 'i"c: '"'"l'!:!"' I 078
,l·fc:·\~·Q~~-"'l 310 'i!:!'"''~"l'O,~"'·q/.l, '"1$'~. s.~.,.

ifC: '"l/11',,C: 'Q/.l,. ( Q/11' '.l!'l 216 '!JC: .,.."l'!:!"' I 078
,S'~"l'"~~l 311 'i!l'"'l.l. ~c:·ry·"l.,.,I 021
,S'~"llll'Q~ l 156 'i!:!'"'l.l.. i Q''i"~'"l '!:!"' l 078
,S'"l''i5'("l'"l'i Ill \ 020 'ii'l ~-"l~lll ·"l'!:!"' I 079
s·
'i"C:·"i"'· i·"l· "l'!:!., 1 077 'ia~·"l'!:!"'·{t. l.l.·~"l·o.s"'1 078
721
a•c•>1f~I Index
'\5<J<.r~·"l~"l"' 'Q ~1 I 352 !,:;., ."'a, ·cJJ"i 'lj",'"'li'"l ~"' I 470
'\5'l0l'"l~"l"''Qlil 436 i"i·'.i'~ ·~,:; 'Q1l. ·1(o, ·IJ· :l:'I 218
~"·"'~".:l:'I 217 i"i''.'.\'~t;'QQ,'1(0,·IJ·cili1 437
"'§,:;·a.~"·t·~"l 'S' ci1'i I 311 i"i'"''~<t·"'·"l~"' I 022
"'§,:;·a.~,;·t.~ "l 'g· ~"l ~"' I 561 i"i'"' ~&1·<1·ci~ I 157
~,:;·ci·~·1 217 i'i'"''~<t'"'S'J 390
~,:;·ci·a"l 272 g"i·,r~<t'"l'!l<t I 079

~
~t;'Cl''l<i\ I 157 j"1·"'1l.·~,:;·~&1·<1·ci~ I 158
"-5"-''l''lljl 437 i.,."'·~<l'J'a"l 273
"-s"·ci·"l~"'l 021 g,;·,:i·~~I 548
"-s"·ci·a"l 273 j,;·ci·~·t\'~ci1'iI 573
"-!l"''!cl'~<I'"l'!l<IJ 079 i"-'Cl'Cl~J 158
"-!l"'. !cl'"l~ ., I 022 i"·ci CJ.J",'OJ"l'a"l 273

v
"-!l"''!;!1l.'"l~"l"' 'l"l ~., I 022 !"-'Cl'CJ.J",'OJ"l''lli I 473
"-!l"''!c!'~'I 217 i"··a.·.r.,·a"l 274
"-!l"' '!cl'.r., ·11'<tl<1·S1·~· l:o,·,i~ I 157 f._.•1'..OJ",'lj ",'Clli'"'~ I 295

-. v
"-!l"''!c!'!:l",' '!j<t'l "l"' ·"'·ci~ I 157 ! ._.•. CJ.J",'OJ"l'cili I 437
"'s.,.!cla.·'ii"l'"'.a"l 273 i"-'OJ<t·s\~·~<t·"'·"'lil 438
"-!lOJ·•·"l~"'I 022 {"-'OJ"'"'~ I 159
f!"''"'il.'"l~ "-'J"''l!1 J 352 <I'!1·~ "l"'' :l:' J 218
722
~"'""1~1 Index
<l'<l'Q~ll 353 alf51'</'Q~1! 353
ai·i1·~"l"''a"l 274 al·19'Q'Q~1 439
51'!; "''"Q.'I\ "l"'. "l ~., 1 022 al·19'QQ,' ~Q'"l'!:!"'1 080
ai·i; "'''li'l'"'''l'Q ~11 352 al·19 'QQ,..,..,c:. '"l:;"' 1 023
"''1"l'"''Q~'\l 311 al. Q4!0l'Q'~"''"'"l'!:!"' 1 080
"''"'~"''"q·f.,,Qi'Q~ll 533 al·~ "l"''"'Q~ 1 159
.,.s"'""·qj"·"·"l'!:!.,1 079 al·51 ~"''"'1C:.·51 ~•r<1q'~c:. ·q- ~·1 218
ai·1al"l"''"l'l'l\"l"''UJC:.'1"l'"l~"'l 022 al'l\"l''l'~"''"'"l~ ., 1 023
01'"1",' 1"1"1'~ '"l"I'\·ol o,· "l~"' 1 023 al{'\''l'Q~ 1 160
<1'"1", '1"1"1'"1'!:!"'l 079 al·ailc:.·qq·i·Q~ll 353
<l'~"l''l'Q~'1';jl 540 al t "l'"'lif<!''1'1';!l 390
.,.~"l·"·a"l 274 al.i "l''IQ,'<lffi'\'"''Q°fQ~11 534
.,.,,,.,.,Q'<J/'l·ail:\"l'!:!., 1 080 al·Qa\"1l.·j'\·~·1 218
"'"'·If.,.Q;j','Qi'I'~."l'!:!.,1 080 al·~"l"''Q~l 160
"'i"l'"''~','~'"'"-"''"'i"l'"''~"'·q/'I· al~"''"l'l·i·Q~ 1 160
~.,·~,;·~·, 570 al~"''<JQ,'"l"i"''Q~ll 354
.,~,,,.~.,·qa..,r 1·~.,·.f·q~..,1 597 illQ·q/'l·.t"..·Q~l 439
.,..,.Q~I 159 all'l·~"l.,.~·1 218
"'~"'·Q~I 159 all'l·~"l.,.Q~'Q~I 496
al·QJ1·q/'1·151'al°"l'Q~1 159 ~·~"l"l'i("i'"'QfQ~ll 534
723
az..·"1f'i1 Index
'!;!' ~ "1"''"1:l.· ('I'"'§"I 275 'i"'"l"''"/:l.·o.~~.,.§"I 275
ilc;,·"1~"'1 023 ~"''"' $'j''l'Q !'\ 355
'!;!' ~ "I.,.,.,. ~.,.,.,."I~., 1 023 ~"'-l""'"''"f"t'\1 535
'!;!'~"I"'.&Ji.!·1:11"1·~ ·~.,.~z::o,·i:i~· "I~"' I 484 ~.,,..,..,~ 1 161
'!;!'~"I"''u;·!'"'\"l'':i '"('\' -11:l.·ii c;,." ~·§"I 514 ~ ."'.,·c:.'i.,.,." l "l·~""''"~'i1 311
'!;!'"~ 1 161 fi'i'! ®'\'"~ 1 162
ai·oi'c:.·'11·~1:l.·~"I"''" !'\1 354 t1'i·!·"1~."~ 1 162
"'.,.,.,.ii.,..,,.,.!'"''i.«f'i."I~., I 080 t!'i'!'('§"I 276
"'.,.,.,.ii.,..,,.,."I~"'1 080 t!'i'Al'"\~"l"''"!'\1 355
.r.,·,.,·J'\·"1:l.·il.,.,·"!'\'"~ 1 161 !!'i'Q ~c;,..,.§"I 276
"'"''"'Y'\''-1/:l.·o,·q~ I 161 if'i'"'"''~"'''~.'1 219
~·z::'i''i:'1 219 if'i·"'.,.~.,.,.,."1~"'1 081
if'i''-l'il &10,·"& '\'~'jz.. ·Q/:l.'tlJ'i'"'"1'"11

~
~z::·"'\"''"I~"' 1 024 440
~,::''\'\°'·~.. -"'"I~.. , 081 if'i·.i .,.,.~.,.'i·af'i·" !'\1 355
'\"''i'"/:l.·o,·" ~'\ I 354 if'i· ii.,., ·~·"~"·S' 'i:'1 219
"1$;..!l'~·l''I' :1!'1
~
'\"'"''~Z::''l\\"''"I~.. , 081 220
'\"'"''$'i'(Z..'"1~"'1 081 "I#...a."l'i"'. 'i!· 1 220
'\ii "I"'.,.,.~., ''-l'Q~'"li"I 456 "l!"i'<jZ..'~ ':1!'1 220
'i"'"l"''"'§"I 275 "l!"l'"'"l'"I~., 1 024
'i"'"l"'''-''';,i"''!'I""'"''§"I 275 "l~"l."'"I'"~ 1 162
724
i~·"'"l'i I Index
9frf·9~"'1 024 f1·",'l_·"-S"''!:!'~"1 277
.r"J"~-,.~1 162 f1·",'l_·"-S"''"1~"l 083
,r~c:·,:i~-z;i~ I 496 <1{0,·"-~"l·~·, 221

~
,r~,::·Q~'"t1J 536 <1{0,·"-~"''"1~"' 083
,r<l'<;lOl' 'I/'!;!1l_'Q ~.,· f oi ·9~.,1 082 E~"l·<1t11 357
,r<1·9~.,, 082 a;'.t;.,.,.a_.9-,oi·<1~ I 163
,r<1a·1"·\9·"~ I 163 . a;'.c_.,·,.a·"•i\o,"'"''"~' 163
.r"a-i.,-~., 277 '61'"''"1~"'1 024
.r"a-~.,..,.,_.,.~., 276 .S1'"''~'Q~.,, 312
~a·"!""·~·~·, 220 '61'"''"'~1 164
~a·"J"·,~-~., 276 '61'"''"1~"'' 084
~Qq'"f',;·<lr9~.,, 082 .s1·"'1l_."-"J"l '.!I'"1~"' I 084

~ ~
K"'"-'~C:'Q'Q"\ J 163 .s1·&1.,-~-~., ''J' ~-, ·221
KQq·~;·.rc:.,·~9 277 .s1·il1·"'~' 164
~Qq·~;·.rc:oi·Q!jJ 441 i'9·~·\-,·1';ll 391
,rQq'l"'"'~l 163 i'9·~ ·\.;,'<l!j'~"1 515
,rQq·~c:·~·1 221 i'9·i1·~9 278
~.,ll,·f._.,...,1..,·s1·~·r.. ·"'t11 356 i'9 \;·~., 278
t 1·,.,a-~-.,~.,, 082 <E"J'f"' "1'!:!"'1 084
f 1·"·s1·"a·~.,..,.,.,..,~.,, 083 <E"]"l'Q~1 ·"1%"1 02
725
~,:,·ciilf'il Index
~oiiil&i •r~·('~·ufa:,·1a:, ·ci~ I 164 i ...·cia:~"'·ll1l.·~9...i .. ·:in 223
~oi·~.,.,.,.,...oi·ci:l:~.,·1>l"l"''C!$\ 441 .,~·~1·~·~ciq'l5'C!'C!~! 165
~Ol'~&l.,.~.,·~·1 221 &l~'~'i'"lt"'l ' 085
~Ol'~&l"''"Jt&l! 084 &l~'&l'~.,·~·1 223
~Ol'C!~! I'i5 ..~..·il1·~·1 224
~Ol'"Jt"'l 085 &l~c:,.,·~·1i 391
i'·ufc:.,·t·q~,:,·q·"l~"'l 024 &l~C:.,. 'l:"'i'~&l''f ~·~c:,., 1 224
i'·~c:, '&l;. 'i' ~·1 222 &i~c:.,·q,:,·>l•;~·qi\.,.,.~.S1·~ ·1· ~Q~ I 565
i'·~i;·~&l'~"l 278 s
&l~C:, .,.q,:,·.l)a:,·~·qq·q~· 'i'~ ·1· ~"Jt&l I 562
i'·~·~&l'"Jt"'l 085 &l~i;.,·q·~1·~.,·q·~·, 224
i ..·"I "1 '"1%"1 02 &il'&;&l'~"l 279
l"l"''Q $'i I 357 &il·C!~"',1 312
l"l"'·~ci·Q$'C!~&, I 523 'li'C!'"J~"'l 086
l")"''Ol&l'~'l5'C!'"J~.,, 085 ,.,.i·cill.·w·a1·!!a:,·i"l.,·cit'i1 357
l")"''"l~., 1 025 &ll(1·q.,·cii"'''f"J~&lJ 086
l"l"''"lt"'l 085 &ll('i'"-~a:,·ci!'i I 357
l,:,·ci·~&l'Q'~'l 223 '-l.l(&l·mc:, ·&1~..."11· ta:,·~"1 279
l,:,·ci'C!$'"1~"'1 470 '-\l(&l'ic:,.$"', ·~"1' :.a:,·i:f·ci~·&i'i'§c:, '"1 ~ .,.
l,:,·ci·~"l 278 ~·ci~·"l~"'l 472
l,:,·ci·"lt"'l 085 ~a:,{")'~&l''l'"J~"'l 025
726
-
S'-'""1~1 Index
~"i'"'',&l'<l'.,~Ol[ 025 ~ ·ria·1ri,,: ~· ..oi ·ri~1 442
c:oi·1ir 392 ~r;·~&l'<l''.I!'[ 225
11:oi·ri!J'\I 358 ~"i'<;!"l'.,~oi r 025
11:oi·.,i., 02 ~"lll'"l"ioi·ri!J'\I 358
r:oi·~., 279 ~.,oi·"·ri~ r 167
c:oi·,li\~., 280 ~"i'"''l~'S<>l[ 167
c:oi·,li\ri~ 1 165 "l"l"i'C\~'-·ri!J'\ r 358
~·C\~<>i·1,ii· .,,iir 086 "l"l"i'C\~"·ri~ r 167
~·C\~"l' ~'•If '<l''l~ [ 165 "l"l"i''\rir;·.,~oi r 025
~·C\~"l'', &l'<l''.I!'[ 224 "1"1"i'C\S"·'.I!' r 225
~ ...::1~·r:i·<>i·1S.....,,ii r 086 "l"l"i'.i "l·.,~oi 1 026
~"i·r:i~ r 165 "l"l"i·oi "l..,, r ii 086
r.,oi·i ... ~. .,,iir 086 "l"l"l'S'1,ii·"·"l"I• oi I 026
("lll'~&l'~'~&l'C/'~"1 280 "l"l"l·sa·.,-.oi· .,,ii1 087
r.,oi·~ii·~ "l'~"'·r:i~ r 166 .,~·ri~·ri~-.r 524
r.,oi·~ii·s"iair:ioi·ri~ r 166 .,~·ril'.I!'[ 501
r .,oi·~ii·~51·"·'.I!· r 225 -
"l"l• ·~51oi·~1·UJ '\ '""'·~·ri·ri~"ir 312
~ ..,..oi·~·'\~.,oi ·<1·ri~ 1 166 .,~·~oi·~·ul '~Ol''.I!'[ 226
~·.,..oi·lfr:ioi·~., 280 .,~·~ oi·l~51·"·~ "'·ri ~"' r 574
~'"l"ill'!;['lll'~'~Ol'<l''.I!'[ 225 .,~·~oi·~·f,;·ri·r:i~1 442
727
~>\'""l'\1 Index
"!~~OJ."'l'Ji·s"i'~·i°OJ· 'i'W 392 ~i:;·Q~j 168
"1~'"1'!.!"'1 087 il'Q'Qij'")~ OJ 1 472
"1~'~"1 281 :fIll'")>\'~."''i'"'"1''1/' 1 227
"1~,::·lf~·'l/'1 226 "l""'''ii1 394

~
""l'<l'Q"I I 160 "1""-'Q~'il 360

~-
""J'<lQ,'t\'~"1 218 "l""-'Qill 443
•"l·il 'i'~·!:!,:: ·Ii· 'I/' I 226 "1""'' Qij'"J'!.!"' I 484
• .,..;i 'i' ~ ·~'i'~ >\' .,i., 553 "1""-'ll~'i I 312-313
a9·il 'i 'OJ''iiI 393 "11\"llll''l''l/' I 227
•1''1>\'Qijl 442 "11\"llll''l'Q~ 1 169
aQ·<1·~.,. "l'!.!"' I 087 "l~"J'll'~·'\S. q· ~ '-''I/' I 570
aQ·,ill; i'OJ· ~ 1·Q~'i I 359 "l~"J'll'~·a·"'i'i·~.,·<1·~ '{\I 549
aq·<1·~., .'I._. 'I/' I 226 ~-

"l ~"llll'F"'lll'J'II"''tJ<: · ~n 228
aOJ·'l/·I 227 "!~"JIil '!""'Ill'~· '1a.; ..,"'OJ' 'I/' I 228
aOJ'Q~I 168 "1 ~")'ll'l"&llll'~'"l-illl '~"JIil Qil·Q~a.;1 525
1."'·"l~"i·q ~'i I 359 "1 ~"J'll'l""'lll'~'&lil°,::. tj<: ''!,!.,.il'~~"l 592

~
~"1·~"l' ~ ". "l'!.!., I 563 "l~"J'll'l""'OJ' 'lij'~"1 515

~
~,::·,:,,~")'")~Ill) 026 "l~")l!J'Qij'~ "1 516
~,::·,:,,~"l'Q~ I 168 "l~"J'll'Qr· '1/'I 502
728
~._., ,~, Index
~
"1il"1"''"1~"' 1 026 ~"1'"'q'i!;'"'~"i·~·, 229
"1 ill"1"''"\"i' ~·, 228 ~"1·§la,·"'"'·,ra"1 281
g
"1il"1"''"i. 'i'"q' ~· ,afQ!'i1 537 ~'i ''i""1'"1 'i'i·'i"''£'"1 "1'!:!., 1 088
"1 iJ"1 Ill '"'&I '"."1 '!:!&I J 087 ~'i'"111l"l'"'&l'Q'"1 ~., 1 027
"1il""''!$'-·-"I·~ "1"'' i.,,~·, 228 UJ'"1%"1 03
"1il"111l'!$'-.Q~'"1%"1 457 U,Jr_''i"1'"'-'{'-'Q'Q~ 1 171
"1il"1"''al'i'i'"'~'i'Q~ 1 169 UJ",'"l"1'J"'\"1'"!'i1 361
"1il"1"''al 'i. f., .,.q~ "1' "1~ Ill J 026 UJ",'"l"1'9 ~". ~·, 230
"1il"1"''il 'i' { &1"''"&"1'"~ I 169 UJ"i'"l"1'"!'i'~·~·~, 360
"1il"1"''il'i·"i-y'i'"l:l·~·ci~ I 170 UJ"i '"l"1' ~·~a ·ci 'll"i'Qr.,·Q~ 1 172
"1 il"1"''il 'i'"l:l.., 'Q~ I 170 UJ"i '"l"1'"~"iI 313
"1iJ"111l'al 'i."'a,'Q'S ·~·, 228 UJQ·l~"1·t·a"1 281
"1il"1"'''!:!'~ ._.q Sl'"1'!:!"' I 088 ell·~ ·a"1·~· g-,a~ I 614
"1il" l!l''l~'"1~ Ill J 473 ell ·1"1"''i'~"1"'. "l"1 ~"' 1 473
"1iJ"lll''>~ 1 170 ell·1"1"''i'~"1"''"~ 1 172
"1il".,.~.,. ~ ·~·, 229 ell ·'i"1 "'."1 '!:!., I 089
ci~r-·lf~·1 229 ell'i'"1~"'1 027
cil\"'"1'!:!"'I 088 ell 'i·i·§l ·'i~ 'Q'"1'!:!"' 1 089
".il"''Cl('\'UJ",'"l"1'Cl~ 1 17 l ell'i·&1t.,·~·1 230
Q,!!.,..,a·J.,·a"1 281 ell'i''\~\~·1 230
729
!'-'Qi'II Index
«l1·<§1·~&1'lJ'9~&1f 089 ill·~&1'&1''\~&1·tJ·9~&1f 090
ui1·s1·~9 282 ill·~..."~! 173
«l1·s1·"~f 172 -
"''9'~"''9~"'1 090
«i1·"'·s1·lJ·9~.. r 027 -
UJCC&l'~Q'~&l'lJ'"1~°'f
~
027
«i1·"'·s'i'lJ'"~"i r 313 -
"'""'''!i'~.,..."."~"i r 314
~1·~·9%9 03 UJCC&l'~''\ll]'lJ'Q~ f 173
~.,-~·o.il! ..·,i;cc·"!.''\".,,!'\ r 650 UJCC&l''!i' ~"i''J'~M'J. ~· f 231
~&1'~';19'!'~'1 230 UJCC&l''!i'l°<IJ'Q'~ll] 283
~.,.!"''"'S"·" i "''"l'!i&I r 089 -

"'"i''i"i·~·r 231
~&l'"t'il 361 UJ"i''i"i'~ '-'"1%"1 554
~.,.'ll...,,~."~"i r 525 u:r"i-'i"i.~"·"~ r 566
~OJ'~'",S'Cl'~"l 282 u:r"i-'i"i·ci~ r 173
~"''~ ..·~·r 231 u:r"i''i"i'"l~"' r 090
~OJ'M,'ll]~&lf 090 9u:r·s'\·~·~·"!'\1 361
~OJ'i"i'"~'~"l 516 ""'"1J"''&1'"!'\I 362

~
~"'·'\~"'·l~cc·~ ._.~"1 282 ""1"''"'~"·~·1 571
~"'·"~I 173 ""·~'\'11"·9'!i&1· ~-i".'\""i·"1~"' r 090
~,,,."1~"1"''~'""."~"i-~ '{11 552 ""'~"'·~·1 232
ilj~ .. -~·1 231 ""'"~"i'"1%"1 03
ilj-~ .. -~"1 283 ""'"~"i·~·;9&1'UJCC''\"1'"l~"'I 027
730
~,;q"l~I Index
"-C: 'OIC: l!I' $1!1'"1 ~ 1!1 J 027 ~"l'~"i'!'l!l'CI~ J 175
"-C: 'OIC:OI' $11'"ltOl j 091 ~"l.~"i·z:i~ I 175
:_q'§"'9'("'"''.1!:'I 232 ~ "ll!l'l~Ol''J'"l~ 1!1 J 028
'-"'§c:·9·clf·;11·z:i~ I 174 ~"11!1''.1!:'I 233
:_z:r~c:·"1%"1 03 ~"11!1'"-i"'~ I 175
'-"'§C:'9'<1'-'"'1'<1~] 173 ~"11!1'"1%"1 03

•
"-'1i1 394 ~"ll!l''J'<l~J 175
•
:_·z:i5"il ~"11!1'l"11!1'~"l
314 283
~'!"''i!"ll!l'CI~ I 174
."-"11!1'~11]
\
283
~·;,'·i"i'Q'C1!1l •"-"ll!l'~Ol I
036 092
~·i"·s"l·"l%"1 03 ~"ll!l'"ltoi·oizlf"i·<i'1 092
~.,·i"l'!'clf"i''i"i·"$1I 363 •._ "11!1'~Ol'Q' "ltoi1 092
~"l'"l"il!l'z:i~I 443 ~"11!1'~'~aJ'<l'"l~ l!I \ 028
~"l'"l"i.,.t" '"' .!!:' I 232 ~r::z:i!j"l'"lt>l I 092
~"l'"l"ioi·i '"''.!!:'! 232 ~"i·i"i'1'"5"i I 314
~.,."l"il!I'i ..,..,r.,t 11 537 ~"i·i"i'1'"5"i I 315
~.,..,:,_, $"l'Q'Cl5.Ji1 314 ~"i'<l'i1\'!"i'Cl!lI 363
~"l'~"i'"lt>ll 091 ~.Ji·lfia.·:i"i'"lfQ"l~ 394
~"l'"'"lt>ll 091 ~"i·lfi1\·~·z:it1l 364
~"l·s1·z:i~1 174 ~"i·~"·9·1oi·i'"l·z:i~ I 175
731
a•,•'f'ir Index
~i5J''J'"1~"'1 028 "li5J'Q~"i'~. ~i5J'CJ'<l)"i1 315
':ic; .• .s·<!l"l '"1 '!:!., I 092 "l.,.•~"i·~·~.,.CJ.•:.-,~·r 502
':)"''CJ1l..!"i'~"1 284 "li5J~"''l~i5J''J'ii'·~"1 592
~"l''J'~"l 284 "li5J'~"''(IJ"i' "l"J' ~1 233
~ "J''l'"J'!:!., I 093 "l.,.~."'~"'·~·"1'!:!., I 094
~ "l'S'Oij'"li"l 457 "l.,.~..,~.~"i·•~ I 176
~"1·s·•1"ir 315 "l"''~'"iQt;'OJ'~'[ 234
~"l·s·~.,.CJ'"l~"' I 028 "l"''ii•· "ici"i'"l'!:!., I 095
(•!"ii 364 "l.,.~.,·CJ·~r 234
.:,'·oil'"l~"' I 474 "l.,.~.,.CJ '"1~"' I 0 028
.:,'· { .,.,. (·:~ "1 285 "l"''Q~\ 176
(~"1 285 "l "'."1 '!:!., I 094
oi'c; .,. i\1l. '"l'i "1"'·~·!"i·o~I 443 "l"''~'"iQt;'OJ\ 285
"li5J·~·"i"1 "1 's·"1 '!:!.,r 093 ~"1·5"l'"li"l 03
"l"''~. "1~If·~"''"1'!:!., I 094 ~c;·•~-i·•~ I 177
"l"''~'l 233 ~c; ..,.• ~"i·CJ1\. :f.,.·~·•~ I 497
"l.,.•f~·r . 503 ~"'·ii1l.·"l;flf·"l'!:!"'I 096

~
"l.,.~.,.'J."1~"' I 028 ~·r~· "i"l 'o'"l'!:!., I 095
"l.,.~.,·<J·o !"iI 364 ~"'·l\;.;·~1 234
"l.,.•~"i·~·~"i.'"'·•~ I 176 ~"'·~·"''.j"i'CJ'o~ I 177
732
~
~"'""l'il Index
~., ~-"l'i"'~I 234 ofc:.«·~o.· t'i'" t'il 365
~..·~·1\~"I 285 ofc:. •r J1·o.~· ,,a· "l'i.,.~"I 286
~«-~·.ll·1~·<1·"1'!i"' I 095 ofc:.o,·~o.·t'i·,,.,.•~'i I 316
~..·~·.ll·"l~'QO,'~"'"'~"I 594 ofc:.«·~/l.·i:, o,·Q·~·1 236
~«·~·UJ'i'"'"l·~·1 235
~
OJ .-
c:. .,. ~<\. OJ 'i ''i'i. ~· 1 236
~«-~·~,:,«·Q~'il 316 ofc:. .,.I 1·i"l'i".~.,.Q. ~· 1 236
~«·c:."l·~·.ll·1~ ·o·<t~'i I 316 ~ ;!!'S<t'QO...,!\''i'Q'<Ti'"I~ "I 474
of·"-F"'. <ll "I~., I 474 ~c:. ·ry·~.,.• ~"i.~.~"l'Q I 316
of·"l~"l·~·~«·<t~ I 177 ~c:. ·ryo.·!f"''"-51·"I~., I 029
of"l{"l·~·r 235 ~c:. ·ry·!f"''"-51·~·• ~ 'i 'Q'"I~., I 029
of"l'~"I Qi~"I 517 ~zc·~'l·'i(o,·l'.i·<tt'i I 365
-
"'"1''1/·~·1 235 ~"'.~'l·<t~ I 178
of"l''l/'<1~1 177 ~ «·5·~ "''"l'!i"' I 564
of"I· '1:''"' '\5 ''i '"I '!i"' I 096 ~«'Q'O~I 444
of"l''J'<lt'il 365 ~«·5·~,;·~·1 '572
of"l'"-l'~·1 235 ~«·5·"1~·~·1 234
-
"'"I'~"I"'"~·~"l 518 ~"'"'"''i';lI 395
of"I· "15J "''"l'!i"' I 096 ~"'"'"'"l'!i"' I 096
of"I·~«· "l ~., I 029 ~ «"Q'"ti'"l'!i., I 484
ar"l·"l5J"'·Q~ r 177 ~·of··'l'"l~"l 03
733
~"-"1'\I Index
~'\'~QOl'UJ"\'"'"1''1!'1 237 ...1,-.,a.-arc;...i c;·Qs·"l ~ oi 1 477
Ol'J''lc;·•r~.,.'I!' 1 237 oi·;,.""1·"~"\1 317
oi·J1l. ''\"I"'"' ~"''"1'!:!., 1 097 oi'"l'!:!"'1 097
Ol'J1l.'"'l""-°i\?i"-'"1'!:!"'1 097 .- -
Ol'"1'!:!"''"'"-'UJ c; Ol'if... '1!'1 238
oi·1i1 395 o,c;.,. $°'·~·""I"-'~.,..,."1'!:!"' 1 097
o,·1i·.,1J.·clfc;o,·jc;·c,~·"1~°'l 477 oic;oi· toi·~·.. ~ ....,. ~ '\' "1'!:!"' 1 098
Ol'Q!'\'"'1:l.·clfc;oi·jc;oi·Qt'\1 366 oic;o,·toi·~·fQoi·c,~1 446
o,·Q~1 444 oic;... toi·~·(!"\·.re;·&1"\·.,a:~....,.
...,,~."1~ .. 1 475 ii'·1i1 599
.,.,,~.,,~1 498 Olt;Ol'!°''~·~o,·i"\'"~1 178
Ol'Cl$'"1'!:!"'1 485 Olt;Ol'!°''~'"'-""\'Q~, 447
... ~~·~"1i"1 555 oic;oi·toi·~·.,,a:1·.,·c,~ 1 178
oi·"1~oi·.,1J.·clfc;oi·gc;oi·Q t'i I 366 oic; ...$0l'~'"'-""\'" •c;·ii·"]~°' 1 585
.,·1c;·ci1l.·clfc;.,·gc;·Qs1 444 oic; oi· toi·~·.,e:1·"'·~ "'Q~"\ I 575
.,.~"1·q1J.·clfc;oi·jc;·c,s·"1~ .. 1 476 o,c;•r!°''~'"'Ui'!llc;..."!'\'s 1 626
oi·Q~"\I 317 o,c;.,. toi·~·clf"\''i "\'Q~-~"1 519
oi·Q~"\·qa:clfc;oi·jc;oi·~~I 549 o,c;o,· toi·~·clf"\''i"\·~"l·s·~ .,,~ 1 616
oi·~·'l!·I 238 O,t;Ol'!Ol'~''!!°''"l'!:!"'1 098
oi·~&1·or~"1-1'"1clf·Q1 286 oic;o,·!oi·Qr.,·~·o.1..·~·i.,..,.
...,,~·.,1J.·clfc;.,·jc;·c,s1 445 "'~.,..,.Q$·1c;·Q~ 'Qs1 678
734
~"-"1'\I Index
..~..-t..·'\~-s~·t'l·ilaio,·'\""-' "-J'~'-''l!'\1 581
.i,aio,·~-31~·.1,a1·<1·'.1!:1 238 il310J''\~'31i~"''""'~'<IO.'
..~ ... $ .. ''\'1"-'Q''lJ'\ 1 317 ~'i-ll'i·r.i.J·s '\ '<lii'"l'!:!31 I ' 486
.. ~ ..'!"'1~'~Q'<IO.'ll"lf.l,'Qi' il .,.,.'\~·31i~ .,. ~'\·! ·r.i.J·S'\'ll~ 'l:Jii I 602
q·i!~o,·"1'!:!"'I 098 .i.,.,.'\~·aii~.,.'1,_.~-"a·r.i.J·s'\·
°''\·ll·&l·J:JJ"i I 318 ~'l:Jij'!'"1%"1 605
..a·t·"l·~·r 238 ilo,o,·~"1 287
il·of0J'"1%"1 03 ilaio,'"l"i"'''\~ 396
ilaio,·~., 287 ilaio,·.1,a1·<1°1:Jijf 447
ilaio,·<10.·,~-"'~"1 287 .i.,·,r~·1 239
i)310,·~·o,·31~·llijl 447 il aio, ''\""-·"1'!:!ai·q~"l"' I 099
ilo,o,·q~ '\'~' sf"1"''~ "'"1~ "'1 561 il 310, '§~. ~'l:Jij'~ '"1%"1 606
ilaio,·q~'\·~-~-z:i~ I 178 il310J'§~'~'l:Jij'~ -~·1 608
ilo,o,·z:i~'\-~"''"'"1~"'1 030 ilaio,·§~'l:J~'Qii'~ -~"1 604
ilaio,·q~ '\'~.,. "1'!:!ai 1 099 ilOJ'Q'~'l 239
ilaio,··~'\''l~l 179 il OJ'J:JO.''\S'l:J I 099
ilaio,·.a;·!'"l'i"'''\~1 395 if·~,;-~ '"'l""i' i Q'!1l...,~-~ '\'~"1 287
ol&JOI' <'\'~ '~"!'<I'"!'!;!311 099 of~.,-~"l"''l:J!'\I 368
ol&JOI' .a;·r.,,i •r.,,1.ill,' ~·"!'!;!311 099 if·if·UJ~ ''\"l'"O. -~"1·,rJ:J~ 1 179
il "'"'''\~-~"i'<l'OJ'c'.li "i'<lo.. ~'&l"i. or.r.,-~.,."a·(ai·"·"l~"'l 030
735
~"""'!'ii Index
of· of"·""·c,·~"l"'""~'i I 318 {<1·aia·la,·"~ I 179
of,_-.r· '~.' I 239 i "·oiai·"~ I 180
of,_-.r,.,i., 03 "l"'r:::"l!"l"'·~-~ '\· la,·"~ I 180
~'\-''""~-,,~ I 499 "l"'r:::. l!"l"'·~'il "l'". ~-I 241
~ '\'" '"'"l"'' c,q' '1/"i'~l 396 "l"'r:::. l!"l"'·~·'\<i'i ·c,·"l~"' I 100
~'\""'"~'\! 318 "l"'r::: 'l!"l"':~·f,,..,.~. 1 241

~ ~
~'\'"'"~! 179 "l"'r:::" l("l"' 'ir:::' iW\'" ~'\'"' "l~., I I01
~'\·c,·of·"l%"1 583 "l"'C::'<l'"l~"'l IOI
~'\'"'"l~"'l 100 "l"'r:::.,,a"\''I"."l~"' I 101
~r::: .•,, a,'UJ", '"l"l' ~-1 240 "l"'C::'Qq''\~"l'~"'"l~"'l IOI
~r:::·•r~·r 240 "l"'r::: 'Qq''\!!J'"l~"'l 102
!l '\'"q ''\al"l"'' tl' "~'"li., 458 "l"'r::: 'Qq"')QC::. ~-1 241
ij"l'"lf'\·c,·~ "''"'"l~., I 100 "l"'r:::·ai~\"l~"'l 102
{<1·c,·,,f·"~'\I 538 "l~r:::-~·1 241
i Q'')Q'i'~'l 240 "l~r:: ''\Sr:::.,. UJ'i ·oi"l· ~-1 242
M"''\c:i.,-~"l 288 "l~r: : ''\Sr:::.,. UJ'i'oi"l·~"l' ~ I 611

~ ~
~ "''\"'i'"~'il 219 "l~r:::·""'UJ'i ·oi"l''\ ';) I 397
f ,,.'\1:i.,·oi· ~.""'"'f. "a·\~'\.,,~I 448 "l~r:: .,_,,.UJ.,·oi"l·" ~-"l ~., I 477
{<1''\Q",'"l~"'l 100 .,~,_-~-~-"~'ii 319
M,rai·~'\'.{a,·"l~.,-~., I 104 "lof·~'\'UJ",·oi"l·" ~'\ I 369

~~
{<1·ai·i-,·1:i·<1~\ 448 "l"'·~r:::·"~'i I 319
736
~'-'"1~1 Index
"l"''{"-'.ll"-'CJ1\ '.'.)03 ''\i I 397 <tst<t·CJ1'.·"l~.<t $'\ I 370
<tOl•r~ .,.~ ·r:i<t'CJ' '/!'I 242 CJSjCJ';j'<l!jJ 448
<t.,.,."l'i'\. ~·J'\.CJ$'\ I 369 <tst<t'S'"l~"'I 104
<t.,.,."l'i'\·~·f.,.,·~"l'<t~ I 180 ~ -~)"11,,· ~"''§"l 288
<t"'"''"l'i'\'<t~• I 181 ~ ·~·"lq'"l'\"''<l!il 449
<t"'"''"l'i'\' "l~• "''""-'

•
"l'i.,.,_• .,."l ~., I 102 l&Ji'<lt'il 370
<t.,.,. "l'i'i'<t~ ·<11'. '"l'i"'. ~.,.<t $'\ I 369 'lf"'i\<t!i'"l~"'I 478
<t"'"''"l'i '\''i"- ·2i1l.· 'i(.,."l~ '"l~., I 102 'li'§"l 288
<t.,.,."l'i'\''i"- ·2i1l.'"l'\.,.~ .,."l~"'I 102 'li'~"'·"·"l~"'I 030
<t.,.,."l'i'\''i"- ·2i1l. 'UJ'\'"'"l. '/!' I 242 'li'"''u'l'\·! !c.·~ '<'<t~ I 182
<t"'"''"l'i'\' <t~ ·c,1\ 'UJ'\'"'"l'<t~ I 181 'li·ai'·<t~I 182

~
<t.,.,. "l'i'\'<t~. c,1\. "l'\03 ·~.,. <t t'i I 369 'li'"''<1$'il 371
• • '"l'\.,.,_• .,."l~., I
<t"'"''"l'i '\'CJ~'""' •
'li'CJ~,
103 182
<t.,.,."l'i '\'"1~"'·<11'.·"l'\"'' ~ .,."l~"' I 103 'll'<l{§"l 519
<t.,.,."l'i '\'"1~"'·"1\·UJ'\'"'"l' '/!' I 243 'li'~.,.~,_.CJ$'il 582
<t.,.,."l'i'\'~., 'CJ' "l~"' I 103 'li ~'\'~'<!$'ii 372
<tOJ'i''\.,.,. ~·!:le. ·2f '/!' I 243 'li "l'<t.,.,. 'i"l'<11\. iil .,.,.<ti'i. <t'.'.)'\ I 320
<tOJ'i.'\"'"'. 5·<11\·'i(03 ·lJ'·<t~ I 182 'lia·"l't·cf·"l~"' I 104

~
<tOJ'i''\"'"''S'<t/,.·'i("' ·lJ·"l~"' I 104 'li"l'., ~c.."l~., I 105
I <t'"''l:l'i' '"''"l~"'· ~'\ I 104 'li"''i'\·! <tJ .,,.~"l"'''l!'I 243
<tst<t'<l'"l~"'I 104
~ .
,,,r~'UJ'"l"-'~ "''"'-'"l~ "l'<l'CI'.'.)'\ I 320
737
Index
3l!tH I o11 '\ 31"1 x

'3 itj I oI 31 oC fc1 El I <ITT.I I< • I ~ 61 ff! f;t; 337
~ 327,328 31 oC fc1 El I <ITT.I I< • I ~ 61 ff! f;t; 338
3lafRt: tit! <:1'l]: 219 3loC ii> I iii fil i1,I f.1 322
3!~ '<RqR: "ff'l"ll": 159 3loC 'fGT: 326
31 $11 '1 't<l 3loC if> I<• 11 f.'l 354 ~ : 31"1 qR~,i,<1: 367
31<:~l'l't<l 3loC ct,1<•11f.1 353 3loC ~61'11dl: 323
~ fcra: 31,Plilil 080 3loC fc1 ,m jflffl '.l u11 : 363
31'11'114' '!mIT 213 3l'C: ,c'11c-iif>1,1fil1 363
31'11'61cl'1P,f•11~if>Fci~1R1: q7jf: 554 3loC ,c'1q4a1: 364
31f.1~-tidg\j,i:'l'\ 022 3loCfclm m';ft 353
31'1,~1'1 f'Gm 011 3loC fc1 $11 '1 I f.1 348
~ -ticc11R ~~l'<lllf.'l 154 3loCfclm 1l"ll 331
~ qi! qqf<11: 215 3loCfclm ftrerr 370
3!'it;r: ~ : 099 3loCfclm: =: 361
~ "W<! i\cITT: 296 3loC #TI: 346
~ ,3f&.!Rilt11: "W<! 'le@ 297 31 oC Ii;~ I 31 ftl ll iileiurrf.l 534
~ ~ fctm!: 077 31t:cli;!l!I lftOlftJ.Qi;: 530
~"W<!- 31'Cli;~I i'\fe!ct,~11-1<11<: 535
G~~qct,,•11f.1 522 31'Cli;~I ~ffl,i,~~ 527
~~ 404 31<-ci;~I f<tw: 531
'
~ 31"1 ~ : 329 31'Cli;~I ~ 538
~ ?!![: "'1'<11: 088 31'Cli;~lfc1Sf: <R<n: 535
~ : tit! fclli\err: 228 31'<:'.li;~lfc'IS!r 'i<11Yfffi: 536
~ : ~ qqfll'll~lf.1 627 31'Cli;~lfc1Sfr ~'<!di 529
31'<:'.'lc1R1: 31'j~llll: 638 31'Cli;~lfc1Sfr: Jn,T: 532
3loC ~ ; 359 353
3loC ~ ; 352 31'<:'.li;~I £TI<lq: 527
31oef.;i~11 'l:!I >i1<<11<11: =i: 598 31'Cli;~I Aif>llll 532

3loC '),vll~&l: 331 31'Cli;~I {iiqcliHI tel1: 537
3loC lifcrq111 ig~ Iiii If.1 334 31'Cli;~I M: 539
3loCfclm ~ 61 fft f;t;: 328 31'Cli;~I M: 528
738
Index
;,i0c1c:~,1~filrcnr ~El>il: 533.600.667 3f"1 31 j!l d I: 359

~ : cl>l<11'<1jibl:- 31"1 31jct1,,:f •r a~ rfilr 348
:'l<fl 'J"TT: 086 31"1 3lfi'r>r,rr: 359
~ Q$1rq1,fi!lar<!'IT 653 31"1~: 329.
310c1<1~<1c/i>J1l fc1a'1qcn,011f.'1 357 3f"1 31 fi '1<1/ dEI '1 f: 344
~ ~'1~111-ill<'l,'\ 342 3f"1 31 IC: ~fgc"l •n?I Ifil I 354
~>JW! 332 3f"1 311"<'1<Glql: 326
'
~ ~e1"'1"'\ 337 3f"1 31 Ifl '11 f.'1 337
~ RIFcl,ct1iS•I'\ 369 31"1 ei-urr: 342
3! 0cfc1si ;:;Jc¥( 330 3l>it eqg-,i,: 334
3!<cfc1sifl~'\ 343 31"1 eq<Jrfl~il!lr•rrf.'1 336
=fftsi "11 C: ;g'ffi ;:;Jc¥( 361 31"1 ai!lqc;rm: 337
~ : 3!J<l>R: "fi.[Jal: 356 31"1 ~:~: 345
~ : fc1qrcn'.). 0r: 348 31"1 tcl.J: 371
310c1Fc1~rfi'I ~ 577 31"1 ~mrrt cf'f: 372
3!<crfc1~rfi'lfc1EJ: <tcr: 502 31"1 tfG!m: 329
3!tcrfc1'~1fi'lfc1t1: WiG: 579 31"1 q Rc/i ~ al'/llf: 321
3!tcrfc1'~rfi'I: '!l'itc<i: 579 31"1~ 321
3! <er Fc1' ~, fi'I: "!fITT: 580 3f"1 g<;• I<1 r: 324
3!tcrfc1'~rfi'I: f<lct1fc1Q~fi«1>1<r: 581 3f"1 Qii o;,: I: 362
31tcrfc1'~rfi'I: g,prc11: 578 3f"1 lITT'l<!!tt fi «I> I< I: 335
31tcrfc1'~rRH~ Wei 31j~r<ir: 674 31"1 lITT'l<!lttl: 335
31'cl"J"'l'1,c/il: 357 31"1 Qfi'lq"'lr:-=: <r 358
31tcr:tflfi'I: c:~!1il111: 630 3f"1 >l'fcritat •n?I Ifil I 368
3l<cl ;,1•1<101!: 361 31"1 ~Yilr.-ar: 350
3{,cl 3JWl'li'f'I: 355 31"1~: 340
3l<cl 31j~cl.lrfilr 344 31"1 ~ <!£ell If.'1 358
3{,cl~: 353 31"1~: 368
739
Index
351 311ill4"1 <m ~ : 448
3!>ci '1'11<16~~~11'llf.'1 332 311ill>ilt1.s;•1R't,Rlc11: G"i'l ,;r~; 238

3!>ci -~ ~ "'1 '.!,'<<I: 355 311;i11~~1'114'<''N1'11: ~ 'T~: 244
3!>ci >i•l61~"11~1 323 3114~~1"1 'I?; '11'1'<1~1 270
3!>ci ~61~<11: 370 3Wh>J ~ •/14-1"1>1<11 073
3!>ci ~61'1'<<1>1: 355 311 >iltcl ~:'1 <1>~1 •11: 350.667
3!>ci~ 336 31TWl"fl]: ~ ~ . 256
3!>ci ~61'11'1'<1"11·1' 321 311 f1 '1-1'-l 3!>ci 31 <1 i/> I'< I: 324
3!>ci ~51q<la1: 362 311*1'1"1 ~ 3161.S;i/>1'<1: 245
3!>ci ~61ili~f1CT<II: 351 i/~<1,-1'-l ro ~ : 339
3!>ci ~61~1: 331 ;/~<li:-1'-l 3!>ci ~ : 338

3!>ci 'Rl[: 364 s3'<\}1;c11c:e1°1~<1>11i 'f?; ~11«11'<: 253
3!>ci 'Rl[: 334 '3'<\ii;clli;-1'-l 3!>ci 4'11>11: 330
3!>ci~:
3!>ci 611<1>q1611:
332
331
'3ct1 ,<1.-;1-1'-l
~
3lfi'Mmf.r =- 294
3!>ci~: 347 ~ . il\j'<li/>li:I: 149
3!>ci fc!.m.Tr: 346 ~ . 3iT<Tm ~ 037
3!>ci <l'RT: 349 = <1>Pl'<ll41\S'11'1"1 'cl
3!>ci ~ ci ~IIN<l<ll~'1: 336 '341'1<1>1~161-1'-l <m >RJ; 412
3!>ci ~flct1,<1>1 325 s3q1,ifafc't-a: 056
3!>ci ~~~1111f.'1 342 '3 q If1 i/> -1'-l Iftl "flcRl: 186
3!>ci -'i!'<l~l l<li/>I: 333 ~ 4'il'4! 199
3!>ci f1ti/>l'<I: 349 di'lilti!IR~I'\ f1tj;)lli/>l'<I: 600
3!>ci ~ : 357 ~ 005
3!>ci ffl<N oI~ 61 <11"''1 If.'1 339 qi/>"11fi'l~fi'lil,il: 001
3!>ci~: 339 q<1>1)~1tt "f'IT: 584
31f1{.<'1'1'-J •1°111fc1~: 652 qi/>4ill~I'\ Rict1t1~gffif1ti/>l'<I: 605
3l'fl'<l"II iJ<·cHR '1'1'<1~1 182 qi/><iill~I'\ ~ : 607
3ITm>l RI 61i<11 -.m-qr ;, <"141 qi/>Ri~IRI: 'J"Tf: 554
'34~tclf.'1 lilG'<f ~!if>i:i/>1'11~1 464 qi/>Ri~1RI: ~ : 553

311il1!\c11.,;;81,<1 "1 ~RH Rm i: qi/>Ri~1RI: 'fl<I: 555
f1'<1~~: 289 qi/>"£5tl~lli1": 001
740
Index
. lITTr'! 003 I(<!,: !ffl'T: 001

I(<!, '
~ TJR(i[: 001 l('\ ,li '].~ '11 '1 '\ 003
~ fo~x"1• 001 l(<I,'! 3Wffiij: 003
'
. fG.f,\
I(<!, ' 002 l[<l1T "' I R"' I 002
I(<!,~ 002 l[<l1T = 001
~ q1~101qR,i101'\ 002 q<1111;~1 ~f.;-:,i1fa1 456
I(<!, !f«l <11 '\ 002 q<1111;~1 311iil~-11A 456
~ ,il "1 '1 '\ 002 q<11 Ii; ~ I: <liT'll• 454
~ , IP.i f.;-: cl '\ 001 q<1111;~1 'tl<'IIA 400
~ <1,g1 1<'1'\ 001 l[<l1T Aqf"1: 002
I(<!, ~I ~Ix "1 • 003 ~<11,fQ ')_"I I5lxl~f'Q
, GlG\'T 'lfTTIT: 464
l(• 31 "1, <11 o<r 002 q<1111;~1 ~faqct-<11ii1~-11A 452
l(• 31,,&r 001 qinl <;~I xiiq'l<l,;m: 045
I(<!,: l(<l,<'I: 003 qin I i; ~ I ""1filT 456
I(<!,: <!im: 001 ~inl<;~I ,,~~<11: 450
I(<!,: "1 <'11 'j: 001 l[<l1T ~en 003
I(<!,: Ge: 002 qinlG~lfli><: woe;: 452
I(<!,: q '1'11 'j: 002 qin1<:~1 ~tc&l1A 457
I(<!,: q,:JTl[: 002 qin Ii;~ Ifli><: 'Rj;I• 453
I(<!,: i;flfq: 003 q<11 Ii;~ If.'lm: ~ : 454
I(<!,: "ITi'[: 001 l[<l1T f.'I (1 ~ : 002
l( • >i m <11 o<r 001 l[<l1T fcffe!: 002
I(<!,:~· 003 q<111 '1 f.'I ~ Ifa 31 f.'I W : 540
I(<!,: <Jq: 002 q<11l-1Ri~1RI: <fl!l1 1 1e1-11'11A 540
I(<!, !!' I<'I'\ 001 <11 1 g,;q,,qx1,i1: ili'illxl
I(<!,: <'fq: 002 '1i"l'.i~1'11' 1 11• 107
'
l(• or1t:1".I 001 in''.l,i;t11\l<;l'1f'll = <'11;!-
I(<!,: <1!T'1 002 '1l'T<'sT: 322
I(<!,: W'J: 001 in''.l,<;t11\li;l'1f'Q - · ~ ·
I(<!,:~. 003 '1l'T<'sT: 107
002 in i; ~ q, ,q '~fq1 ~<'<1*'11 3l'c '.!'1ui"11f.'I 321 1:11 f.\-1 IBi fl1 t!T 088
if> <"-11 u Ifi'! el *'11 3lP>l '-1' I ~ '1 if> Iiii ..,-f/\: ~ : 007
375 7['tl: ~ : 016
110 '],$ll3i.S;'llt1~i;l11"'1 fffi.: q,"l": 101
137 ~ 311<'. c'll:1011f.'I 325
<Ii I~~ cl *'11 ¥IT' tjq c'faiunf.'r· 207 ~ <'j' It1 ~ i; 111 *'11 ?[11: Q '.Ji'.!! Iii 111 f: 049
<f>T'ltllffl: <!TI' qii I~ I<1, '11 cl '115111: 608 ~<'j'lt1~i;l11*"1 tjq ~ 186
<f>T'ltllffl: 1;1Gi~1q <:~f-1B111: 58s '11: llT'<IT: tjq ~ : 214
<!>111"'1 <!cl<!: 'T""l<I: 177 '
, r1o1f<l1 if> 1<1; ,:i '\ 028
<!>111"'1 fffi.: '!"1'11,i\11: 096 'T..:IBl cl Iill Ii; 11 : ii ii1 I ~ 'cfl!!: 118
ffl f.1~~111: ~c,Gi~1q ~ : 595 'T~~: 024
ffl 'll1<l ~ : 316 'tj<f>ql.Sf<l 'll1<l flqr: 290
if> 161 iBl>d .--31 IjtH ~ 01 ~ t1 'G "1 ~ ii cl fRh I $1 : 'll1<l "'11 f.'I 291
<il•1i•11f.'I 259 ii cl R'ih I $I: t1 '<:l1 q "''11 f.'I 291
if>l<ililm df&.1~<11: 31'cli;~I i1<1>c1R'J";,i: t1<1>"'1 ~ 'J"IT' 241
Fctw: 531 ii t1 cl , *'11 'Cfil f.'I tq "1 ~ I: 205
if>l<ili1m df&.i~a1, = t11•1,1: 303 i1<ffi: 3ffelf.'lcl~I A4rn11: 167
if> Iiii o111"'1 '.l,<El 5411 '\ 060 i1<ffi: =: cRAl'lR[: 134
<lil<illjt11~'1 i\fur if>~ffii1 059 'rfi'Rl: 311fiC/.lt1~1Yrn11: 169
~ : ?[11: 311clfiilif>I: i1<ffi ~ : 170
~:'cfl!!: 061 i1<ffi: ~ : '1<&*1~1Yrn11: 115
"!ltcl"11'11 'l!1<l f.'lc1"of1q1111: 311 i1<ffi: WT!: 148
iii"' I'.J"!l cla , <Ii~ f qI ~ c<1 *'11 i1 <'j<!~ I 'rfi'Rl: o[@l: 137
"1 "l I f.'I 487 i1cffi: ~ : 151
fili 111 a--?1*'11 n
, ?4 ?411 '\ 015 i1<Rit 'i f?c: f.'I fi'I rn '.l~ i: 131
F,l,111<1--?1"'1 ?[11: 3lfi'rffl: 075 i1<RIT 'i f?c: f.'I fi'I ct1 '.J~ I: 108
fili 111 <1--?I *'11 i\fur <Ii 11.l f fii I 075 i1<Rrr ~ : 170
fili 111 11 .--31 *'11 i\fur 'Ul 111 f.'I O76 i1<Rrr ~: 182
fili '-1 I<1--?I *'11 ~ ' r1 ?ii fill 271 i1<ffi: 'Ull'1t1~1Yct111: 180
fili 111 <1.--31"'1 ~ tcrITT: 271 i1<ffi: q R'tl<El 11: 113
if<il~IHi i;~lfi11'lif>l11ffii1 410 i1<ffi; q"fl\111: 178
if<il~ll'li ~ ~ : 255 i1<ffi: ~ RI tif.1 <:: 119
<t<il~ll'li ~ ~c11f.'I 255 i1<Rrr '.l,f.t fl1 ~ I: 156
742
a~·oi!f'il Index
<l<f'!l: =·11~1·1~~41·1~ -ttgi!~II~ -tt<j:Th'i '~l<F11~lll: 690

Fc1 "' c-Y '11 : 122 -tl<jf\tl!! ~ 'tic<! IR
'tl<'fID '+!1'11 109 cfl~ 151
'tl<'fID ~ il I'1 \U : 125 -tl<jf\tl!! "'e!<i'ITT: fctc.rr: 151
<l<f'!l: 'j_<i!l4rn<1: 163 ~~3flf'j 1B1
<l<f'!l: ~q\jlj: 175 ~ : ,j\fur 3i"<nf.l 103
'tl"efID: Fcrm: 162 -tt<j~: ~ '1R'4&<1: 445
<l<f'!l: ~t"liil: 132 'tl g.! ill Fc1 il li!I: 163
<l<f'!l: ;ii <tf <Ii 1,q R'4& <1: 145 ~:-:~:
<l<f'!l:~:~: 134 4R4ijql: ~ 156
<l<f'!l: ;iii;ii1R<1i-1.u: 133 ~ : 'J<"flffl 142
'tl<'fID I'.! IRa ll : 170 ~: 150
'tl i1 ,a'1 ~ jm'tl ll flff'I' 161 'tl gf<1>.1 ~ l-tt, 0 1't 149
'tl\jii• Iii <'I <Ii I~: 147 ii gf<1>.1 ~ I<Iii a1'j 122
-ttg, ~fl RI ;iii,;i;i· >.1 if,-q, "'IT: 690 ~ 162
-tt g, ~ RI fl i, '<i fctc.rr: 691 ii gfi11'.l '.l4 I<: 1'1 'j 127
-ttg,~fl RI: ~: 628 'tl gF<lti "ifi1t 176
'tl\ji(l4flcll~ ~ 311ifili!I: 512 -tt gf<1'4 iii ii<! Ia Ifll ?I '\ 117
-tt\j'{1il;iifll11i ~ -ttw1fi11 463 ii gf<1°it iii~
~
I<'1 ~' 116
-ttg.4~1 ~ : 497 -ttgF<lti <lifll'l 153
'tl \j"1 ffll "1 fc1 'tl Ix <t,'I c: ll: 109 -ttgf<1ti •I~'1 '\ 119
~:=~ 369 ii gF<lti 'J<><'tl 't 125
-ttgi!~I >r<tT: 499 'tl gF<lti 'tlw'j 114
-ttg4~1 ~: 498 ii gF<lti <f"?l"'1 121
-ttg4~1fc11'.l': llT'f<l; 496 ii gF<lti GT'l$f'j 158
il\jil"~I 'i<il14rnll: 496 'tl gF<lti ~ "'"'I 142
ilg4~1Fc1m tg, 488 'tl gfifu <: ill ;ii ii, 165
il\j4~1 <''il<t>41<1I: 469 -tt gfifu f.'14<1 Film 't 155
il\jil"~I Fc1 ~ ~q\j ti t Ix i: 492 ii gF<l<J q~ rn '1 133
-ttgi!~I 'll"'rn1 490 ilgF<lti "lrfllaf'j 123
'tl g. 4~ I "iff'f1ll: 491 -ttgF<lti ~~l"l't 164
-ttg4~1 ti fcl-<'I ..?: f.'i: ll Ifii I 488 ii gf<l<J ~ IRI il 14'1 126
-ttg4~1 ~ : 490 ilgf<1si ~lill~ 0 :S<'l'J 150
743
~~·q,j~J Index
iljRlll ~'<lc1't 159 153

iljRlsi tll~l"l't 147 175
iljf<1~1fcl: '1"fl: 566 145
ilgf<1~1fcl: R! dl1 ~ gif\1 ti f<!i IxI: ilgf<l>I: fi-1 ~<ii~ cl111cl ,;:fi-1 &1: 118
WI!: 565 ilgf<l>I: ~ : 119
iljf4~1 fci fi4 if~~I I: 565 iljl'c1>.l: ~ : 135
iljl'Bi~l<"t t1cl$11qi1,1: 587 iljl'c1>.T: <ITT,il: 168
ilj<ili 111: 109 ilgfc1m 3lfimf.ti:!: 141
iljlib'Icl1: 161 ilgfc1m qi ,,q '11 130
'rf\!'<'T<lfclmll'JT: 'xT'TT: 689 ilgRlm l'ITTfr 159
'rf\!:'ffi'c: '.l,<ii 'J.'I I: 616 ii gfc1m 'r'l1 126
'rf\!: 'ffi'c: 111 fll .;q : 613 ii gfc1m q, c1 t1 ,q <"t 157
ii \!"'I f&'.: fc:!'q-,i: 615 ii gfc1m = 136
iljRltf: 3ITT'lfu: 118 ilgfc1m ~Ell'\1 I 125
iljl'c1tf: ~ : 118 ii gfc1m ~ El Iqi~ 011 133
iljl'c1tf: 31 (1qil'<: 120 ilgfc1m ~ 150
iljl'c1tf: 311{).-Jq: 128 iljR1'-ll~: 177
iljl'c1tf: ~ : 116 ii gfc1m '!c1 ill IfG:,: 111
ii gfc1tf: "["'T: ~: 143 ii gfc1m lIB<!T fi-1 <i'1 '11 147
ilgf<l>I: <l>T'lfi'!=: 177 iljR1'-ll clltl'll 153
ilgf<l>I: 'J"f: 173 ilgRlm = 128
ii \l. fi-ltl: q 114-il·qi: 109 iljl'c1>.1T t1<lctl'.JOO ll'$IT. 133
' '
il\).Rltf: ,nunq1f1<1>: 116 ilgfc1m: g,;:•1c11: 115
iljFc1tf: Rl@i:111~: 179 ilgfc1./\ 'IR: 111
iljFc1tf: iiR_l;: 136 ii gfc1./\ m>T: 147
iljl'c1tf: '1<f: 109 ii gfc1>.Tt ~ : 139
iljFc1tf: g,;:•1<1: ~ : 121 ii \!"'I f&'.: fwl>l: 615
tl
ii fi-11'.f ~ <ii ell tl '.Ji:111 ~ : 130 il«!R: 31 1 1<1G_~"1U: 172
ii gfc11'.f: \l:l'r: 172 ~ : 3lfil '.jflffi ii q fR! <'ffi i:111 ~ I: 161
ii gfc11'.f: ~ '1 f<!i Ix : 172 il«!R:~: 155
ii gfc11'.f: 'l.~1<11~: 166 il«!R: 31j~<'11: 167
ilgf<l>I: xJlT: 140 il«!R: 31 "1 x <i'1 I: 153
ii gfc1>.1 fi-1 qi i:'-1 : 144 il«!R: ~ : 156
744
a·_.01~1 Index
=: 3i'(iifqo1: - : 169 =: \.141' 1'11"1 f:

4 159
=:~: <
140 =: ~ = cllIT: 157
=: 311,!g~ql: 152 =: $4lct!cll:
' 178
=: 31llITTT: 168 =: 'i1Rl ;ii .-\'cl Ieiif> I'< I: 154
=: ?lt.f.l'l q IGI: 165,666 iki.Jl'<i' 'ii'1 ~tti f.'I if> I<ll: 163
=:~: 111 =: <1'1eilffl<il 1"1 I: 143
=: efll'TT: 108 =: 'l<'1[: 179
=: Ill fil lif>!.1111'11:
' 108 =: 'lll<'1'11Rli'1<1>1: 122
ii M 1,i'i lRIT: 138 ilMl'<l 'li51~~1lll' 111: 150
=: ,~Ji!ll: 175 ilcillsi'I 'lil lxl GI if> 1lzl<1> I: 120
=: il>1><'1~1: 114 =: 'l il I'ifl "fT: 106
=: ~«iRl<'l<l>I: 128 =: 'l$)ct1c11: 137
=: ~rn'1«111;gac1: 178 ilM 1,) lffiT 138
=: ;grq,[: 112 =: 'l,i'1<'1°1f: 163
=: m:IJlTITT: 138 ilMlsi'I "<'1"Tf: 160
=: ten: 182 ii fc.11'1'.'I g11;i.,1 168
=: £l@q: 111 ii M 1,i'i fi1q!lf;ii1: 151
=: "'R<l>l: 161 =: fc!,nrr: 173
ilMl'<I' f.'! if> Ill I: 143 ii M 1'<1 -it<n: 174
ilc<1lx: f.'! '
-"'-1.....-iWJllWII: 166 =: ~lfil<l>f.'l<l>llll: 155
ilc<1lx: ~i;qif 'IR[: 125 =:~: 180
il«II'<: g'l'l41 168 =: ~: 164
ilcillx: qfil.,;a1, 112 =:~: 106
=: qR'!Jill: 136 =: '&il ~ct'l1"11 i;~<1<'1: 178
=: q1x1ft1<1>1: 149 =:~: 180
=: q1Rq,;1: 113 =: 'll'l'l'<l'lf: 117
=: "lffi'rqfflT 128 =: ""1'1:fll: 129
=: !.!Rl4"1<1>1: 167 =: ffleill'<1clli;I: 115
=:~3R!T: 116 ilc<1l'<'lS"1I: 135
=: >lc!lawrrffl: 123 ii M I;/l Sj~<'I I: 1ilTcf'I: 135
=: !.lflllll: 109 i1Mlsi'IS"1W[cfl: 153
~ : 11Rlt11<1: 057 ilcillsi'I GT'[l: 110
=: 1141•11: 158 il<ill'<l' 6ix41i'11: 121
745
Index
i'lMl-<1 W19,'QqJ: 168 i'lMIR ~q1fil1 165

i'lMl'1S~Y<li'l~I *'rr: 170 i'lMIR <11 1 1'!).~lc'llf.'I 122
i'lMl-<1 Rli!>Ylc'II: 126 i'lMIR fc111l1'1'1'l?!lfill 140
i'lMIR 31$11'1<'!>1,0llf.'I 160 i'lMIR ~~11,<;_lllf.'I 160
i'lMIR ;)10q!l$1Hlf.'I 127 i'lMIR oQ<li;Hlf.'I 145
i'lM1R ;ii~Rw1~011f.'I 160 i'lMIR oQl<'!>~ 011f.'I 177
i'lMIR 311qffuj;1~1fil1 131 'i1MIR ~1'11llc'l'-'1'11f.'I 166
i'lMIR 311~L.Ql!lt1'11f.'I 169 'i1MIR 'll<i,l<i'1f-'I 136
i'lM IR 311 >l<l?, c'II f.'! 152 i'lMIR *1"-1cf\ ~,:;1011f.'I 666
i'lMIR 3114*1<"!llf.'I 139.152 i'l M IR -H ~ 6 <1 '1f-'I 143
i'lMIR "1!li 1 11f.'I 171 i'lMIR fl<ll*11~'11-S; 1 11f.'I 129
i'lMIR $11'11f.'I 173 i'lMIR "1>~ 011c'l'-'1'11f.'I 111
i'lMIR t1"31'1i$1c'Rllf.'I 124 i'lMIR ~ 138,666
i'lMIR c:~l11f.'I 169 i'lM1R~1a, ~ : 677
i'lMIR c:111f.'I 157 i'lM IR~l t\ Ri ct1 *1 ",I g<1t1 -H «Ii I": 602
i'lMIR ~4$1Hlf.'I 126 i1 M I4fil ea H If.'! 155
i'lMIR ~,jqc;1f.'I 126 'tj(icillll4~'11'11f.'I 164
i'lMIR Ull'11f.'I 181 -i1R,Fc114iilll ~ 211
i'l M IR f.'l "l "'1 i!i '1 IIi) ea I'11 f.'! 166 -i11llt1"31f<l ~ 1 11,11fil1 071
i'lMIR q<l<i"'11'11f.'I 106 "1"LG~Yf<l 'l-Sc'l<'!>l~I: 279
i'lMIR 9,o,ifibii1<1'1f-'I 182 "1"Ui~Yf<l 'l-Sc'l<'!>l~I:, ~ :
i'lM1R ~Rw1~011f.'I 131 '1(;1'11i'lllll: i'ft 31~<11-i111li~i'l 472
i'lM IR >l<'leJ ~ '1 I011 f.'! 124 '""gu1+<1 ~ mil'[: 252
i'lMIR~ 138 fui1~+<1 ~= '1$1ct1<11: 121
i'lMIR ilc'llf.'I 132 <i4'lRl'llj*11~'1 ~ "l'!R!T: 463
i'lMIR ~<'!>1R,11fil1 178 f31-s·'11Y~"Hllll: 'j_o1>1l'j 050
i'lMIR oli'll9,"1llf.'I 163 81-s'11*1",li;lllf<l '1<11ll'11f.'I 379
i'lMIR ·~q~,Q<1"3Jlfill 162 <l'mlT<!T: ~ <1 <'i Ifil I 114 ~ ~ '11'11f.'I 416
i'lMIR~ 157 ~1•1a•1>ft1..;-;~la1f.'I ~ 'i?11fil1 419
i'lMIR 'j_o1i'l<l>lfill 162 ~ 'f-s <!llt: 261
'
i'lMIR g1 11f.'I 137 t1<1i+<1 ~ qRu1,i1: 277
i'lMIR <nfl'l~i"!leJ~'11"11f.'I 146 tl<lif<l ",l"ll: tacl: 083
746
Index
a ifi'f<l ~ """"'I 083 ',1!: 3!1t!RT: 055

a ifi'f<l ~ cl:l""el'l:-<!11 083 ',1!: 3WIRI m,,i: 054
R1~<'1f<l ~ ~ : 469 ',1!: 3ll'ffi1T: 069
R1~a~~lf<l "Ii'! <1>1A~c1a1 396 '?111: ~ ~ : 085
~ : tj,'j3f<l>Tf.'r 243 ',1!: 3!1ag'6~1: 073
~ : jffer 3f<l>Tf.'r 103 '>11: <1> f.'1 '<l 1: <1'I f% a ,af<l>T: 081
~ : G"'i'I 4R"}li11 239 ',1!: <1>~141: 050
'""11<11'1
·1.. '
~<l>IG~lfclWJ' 311<1"1'1'1' 458 ',1!:~: 036
ttffl fl '1 I"1 f1l tj .-cl I~1 cTUTf: 150 ',1!: l'lf<'1q: "Ii'! ''j,'14~tj 374
<'1 "'I c2H M 11 I: ~ "<l>Tc<l: 251 ',1!: f.'1'1[01<1>1111: 071
<'1 "'lfl "I <('ITT tj,'j ftrsm: 190 '>11: f.'1'<lqR011A1: 067
<'1"'1f<l ~S'ff'm: 124 ',1!: ~Tll~cll 104
<'1 "'I f1l tj .-cl IR ~ ~ I'<l 111 f.'1 180 ',1!: ~ '.J.i!!l '11' If 094
'
a.--,i f1l ~: f.'l"ir: 100 ',1!: ~~1l!Jc'11: 071
<'1"'11j'Hl~"I ~ : fus1!: 241 '>11~ 073
fi'R:I: •114'114<'11: 101 ~: t,!Ji3.JU1qllf: 077
fi'R:I <'11 f.'il tj 4 f 045 097
fi'R:I, 1,ra4, 043 ?[<:J: '1C-1 ft1 q f1 +1141 i"II: 060
fi'R:I: 4, "HI: 040 ',1!: >11 • r~ R1 ~"'1]: 093
fi'R:I: 4" fli <'11 089 ',1!: <lJl!T: 056
fi'R:I: ~ <'1 "11 <'111 : 089 ',1!: ,n, 4 Rlw:i: 093
fi'R:I: '.foll fl '1 <'11 : 098 ?[4t ~q'j qa II f/i-1: 088
fi'R:I: ./1 .i; fj af1 <'111: · 098 '>11: <1 R'<l1: c11 <1> f% a ,af<l>T: 081
fi'R:I: cl I fl'1 I: 074 ',1!: f/TE;n: 074
fi'R:I: fcl '1 <'14: 077 '>1/: fcl~<l>I: 079
fi'R:I: fmrr: 104 '>1/: fl Icl'l1 '1if<1 Itj I<fr 097
fi'R:I: 'ff"rG: 072 '>1/: ~ll~cl<'1cllG~ll"1": 053
fi'R:I fl «cl Rl ,w: 099 ',1!: '1<f<11tjl4f 032
',1!:~: 081 ',1!: 'll <Ii I fcl ~ <ll: 059
',1!:~: 036 '>11: ~~aq.-;11!/1: 031
',1!:~: 036 '>1/: ~~<'1~1iU4Glm: 072
?I 11 '1 l'RFfH <'1 "'I'{ 067 ',1!: fflltl<I: 052
',1!: 3!~<;_<1•1f: 040 ',1!: fl fl>1 <1111 f.'1 1111: 080
747
Index
?[ll: '11'-<1'8dq: 054 G!cn1R '!J<El'11t1'1 069

?[ll: fi<tol~11: 031 ~: 090
?[ll: fit11,f.'lqR't1>11•1f: 037 f:ir:rlt: t1 '1 f.'tl ,r fusq: 104
?[ll: "fITTT: 051 G!i!lq,'I 047
?[ll: "'IITTJm: 051 foiffi'{~: 583
?[ll: Rif.af.'lt,f,q,fq~: 044 ~: 049
?fll: t1it11R<1i>11•1f: 038 G!s "'I 041
?[ll: - : 072 ~: 036
ol !l '11"1 '<1 <<lid .-:ii'\ 067 G!fqi!q,'I 064
ol!l'11"1'<1<'1~<'1 067 G!fqoq,1;.ii ~ : '1'1«1>1<: 065
ollll"II Ell""ll'1 qc/il<;~I <CT'IT: 451 G!>1u,so1'1 038
'
oi1lli;~I 311j'lfc\c/iQ<TI<lo11H"T!f.r 483 ~ 045
oi!l1G~I cfiOd~cll: 481 Gi'!i:'1'1 082
oi4i G~I '!i"'l '.J'!?, i!tl <c/i'1f q I"1 '"11 f.'I 479 G!ctlc/i: 048
'
oi!ll<:~I W: 484 Giq•1i: 065
oilli<:~I RlrofqQ~f!dfl'lc/il<I: 486 G!fiq,: 066
oi1lli;~I ffl<liljfl1~"11"144flll: 484 OOtl 'rll ffi-;!l Icl«f,'l 104
oi 41 S\i,<1 c/i 141: 033 ~ : 099
~ 1Silnlc/i<i"11'1: 047 ~ : ~'1'1: 055
~: 060 ~ : 31,;q,1<: 042
ol 1ll i; ~ Ifq,j fil'1"'\ 484 ~ : ;JITT!l1!: 100
oi1lli;~lfc1si 'wl'\ 482 ~:~: 037
~ 'fq: (<'ITc/il:) 097 ~ : qc/il'fl<Hfl: 079
oi1lli;~I "!:f'T' 485 ~ : q,Jjftjl4: 095
~ '1t,lf.'IN1"'1q•1i: 086 fllf<'tcl: ~ : 096
~ fq~f.llo1: 090 ~:"<iolw: 050
oiiilFc1~1R'I: ~ : 564 ~ : <iol~~<41<:8\j: 050
~ f.'1>1fu1>11•1i: 667 ~ : JTt,: 063
o111iFc1~1R'I: ':!'1'1<!ll: 563 ~ : '.).tilc/ii~I: 102
ol 1ll fq ~ IR'i fltj "1 fq Q':!<111 fi 'lc/i I< I: 562 ~ : '.).til~lj: 102
GicfilO,SJj 046 ~ : lelll: 047
'
G!cn1!l: 033,085 G!Fc1t1: ~ : 061
Gligo1'14 ?fll ™'1,: 092 ~ : 41<:lflQR'l~t!: 079
748
Index
~ : fq o;,m1f: 066 ~ q fll;,;t1 qi 14 '\ 037

~ : 9,<(' IC'I: 038 ~ 41'(i"-1'\ 084
~ : ~$1~'H<!J4: 053 ~ ~51"1'\ 070
~:"llc!l"ll: 033 ~ 'l>c'l'"'1 079
'
~ : ~ : '341,flqi: 038 ~ ~<!JqiFl'\ 097
~ : ~Rlt11t1: 057 ~ '1 o;,; c'I '\ 032
~ : -.rfc;i: 053 ~ 'l'l<l<'i I'H'l '\ 062
~ : "IT<[: 044 ~-.,4 067
~ : 'Al: 045 ~ '15ITT'\ 046
~ : 'l_~lcHi;: 086 ~ '15ITT 'H '1 f.'<! t1 '1 046
'
~ : <WT: 069,090 ~ ~511ll'l~Ri"'1~~1l'\ 057
~ : Fci~11,,Fr 062 ~= '
087
~ : f<Rm: 040 ~ Fci $11'1 '( 037,068
~:~: 043 ~ f<lq,, 059
'
~:"'Hlf!l: 059 ~ Fcl$11'1'\ 068
~ : x'i£!: 039 ~ Fci'J!lq'/1 064
~,mm, 057 ~~ 075
~ : "flrn: 097 ~ ~IIM'\ 056
~:~: 044 ~ 'HITT'\ 099
~ : ffl: 058 ~ ,flRjqi ~llf-;l'l 055
' '
~ <>1o«i101'1'\ 079 r,i Fcisi ti <ii "1 '1 '\ 031
~ 31"'l_<1"'! 063 ~ ,ttf<l>l~qi4 064
~ affew{ 092 f3@lm 31"1'1'11 080
~ 311'"1·fN'l":Sc'I'\ 066 f3@lm 3fferurr 070
~ q;.\ 094 f3@lm "'311'en 053
~ qi4q;C'I'\ 094 f3@lm ?IIT<l,: 086
~ qili:<l~I~~'\ 050 f3@lm: ?tt<li 11: 074
~~ 087 f3@lm qi '(i o11 050
~= '
038 f3@lm <l)_ t1 $1 t1 I 032
~ ~ ~qi''l'1'\ 056 f3@lm "1°1 fcl qi I 086
· ~ 5,"ifi~'\ 075 f3@lm <l'lciT 061
~ '14~'11 "I'\ 046 f3@lm '5,:<!lfil 064
~ f.'111/IPi:11'\ 043 f3@lm G16'T 061
749
~·,·1~1 Index
~ : f.'ilJfu1lJl'lf: 071 ?lffer 311 cl , u11 f.'! 041

~f.!r:~ 044 ?lffer 311 tj fii I<I\ $11 '1 If.'! 090
~ 4,llcil 059 ?lffer 31 "1 f<1 a If.'! 051
P-lf<1m ,rw 096 ?lffer ~ f.'\; 'l Ifii I 078
P-l F<1m: ~ <'Ii <I\ '.!<tl i: 091 ?lffer '3 4 cl Itl i' 11 f.'! 051
~~: 077 ?lffer <I\ I~ <I\ I ig ~ I MIf.'! 095
~ >R:CR'ran 089 ?lffer <I\ Ift1 cl> ig ~ I <ill f.'! 095
~llt\15~1 072 ?lffer ig ~I M'iM If.'! 039
~ llt\li1"11 076 ?lffer igMI f.'! ('.J,tl igMIf.'!) 092
~:~: 096 ?lffer igMIf.'! 092
~ f<1 <I\ .,q '11 068 ?lffer ':),((] ll o.,; MIf.'! 101
~fclm 091 c;fffer 'J,((J I f.'! ~tj(j~cqlfiil 101
P-lf<1m: lmmm: 091 ?lffer G~f '1 ~ 1l -Ii <ll "1 '11 f.'! 058
~~: 064 ?lffer >.1 '1 cl> I'l $11 '1 If.'I 047
~ n1~ifi~: 036 ?lffer >.1 '1 ili!> ~ cl d-11 f.'I 038
~ n14NHI 105 ?lffer q Rc1 d -11 f.'I 049
~~: 058 ?lffer '[cf cl> "1 MIf.'I 045
~ fllmf.'c! 043 c;fffer~ 087
~~ 085 ?lffer ~ tj ~Ii: I" fill 048
~ : <'21141<';1: 068 ?lffer ~ Ifa 1511l ffiil 046
~ ftran 104 ?lffer '.J<tl cg MIf.'I 092
~.
~:~
~ : tlllll"'lf<l41:
058
031
071
c;fffer ll 111' 'l I f.'I
~ >R:cg~IMlf.'I
?lffer ll, uI<I\ " u11 f.'!
045
089
048
~ wifi'r: 063 ?lffer ll MI f.'I 062
~:~: 067 ?lffer 'i<1 il i!> I fil I 082
~~ 058 ~ ,Mlf.'i 032
~S"'ll41t\:
' 086 ~ 'll'11f.'i 057
P-ltic1,: 066 ~ elai"TTf.'r 085
~ 31jct1,,F?11fii1 077 ~ c1f<lf.'i 087
~ 31j'1Hlf.'I 049 ?lffer n1 ll <'I f.'\; 'l I f<i I 062
?lffer 31 '1 I<l tj f.'\; 'l I fii I 087 c;fffer~ 068
~ 3W<l 'fl, ~~ ia cl f<lf.'i 066 ~ ~lx"llf.'I 033
750
a•c•sf'\1 Index
~~ 047 G~lf<'lti '["11~ill'j 407

~ fi11a1, 0 1ii1-11f.1 057 ~ =anfilr 404
~~ 061 ~ Q,:/1,11;,;:'l lf.1 438

~ o!l 'g ~ I,,1'j_c•II f.1 081 ~ Q~llf<'lil><iYI: 428
~ 0 !ltif<!i<1 I f.1 064 ~ il<'141x~<11: 411
-'1 {i,Q1 't 085 ~ il<'llf.1 412
G~f·1'il'ff11 3fl'c ~1-ilf.1 341 ~ ill(0<1«cllf.1 432
~ 3ljfl;!<1 q: 409 ~~: 431
~ 3lj~l!ll: 434 ~~: 434
~~: 424 ~ 'i'f!l: 444
~~: 440 ~ IJ61~1"ll: 448
~ '34i!>lxl-5;'11f.1 429 ~ IJ$1it<J"!T: 398
~ 3lhH<1«cllf.1 422 ~ t<'l<t~~II 441
~ ott~<l'lf: 417 G~I f<'lla~l'11f.1 444
~~: 401 G~lf<'lti <1CTCl'j 415·
~ <g~I <'II f.1 400 G~lfclti f<'lqli!>vl"i 427
~ "',~lc'llQ~~l~l'11f.1
0
400 G~lfcl\a' f<'l".j<Elo 1ll'j 426
~ ifii+'11<1<1'1 lf.1 442 G~f'11Jl'ff11 3fl'c ~1'11f.1 341
~wmr, 399 G~f'1ill'ff11 ~ e!Rfll: 341
~ 1,;ffiT: 443 G~f'11Jl'ff11 ~ ailf.a~l'11f.1 510
~~: 447 G<'I I~<'11 IJ I~<"1 f11 ilg~~I '.J'1 <.il"i If.1489
<:~1f1lm Ri-,1<11 447 ~ <lvlfi?il fill 402
~~: 403 ~ c'l1i!>41<'11: 407
~ ~<'/<11<'11: 432 G~lfcls:r: all<'<J<:~f'1~ 1$: 418
~ ~I!! f.1<111fi'1: ~ : 433 ~ fcrw: 442
~~ 414 G~ Ifcls:r: fcrt?!: 406
~~: 432 <:~1fcls:rr "l>lilllf 407
~ l'l'lmacr: 406 G~I Rl '4T '11l114'11
' 402
~ "14Q'lfc\-1Rl ~<ff 407 G~I fcls:rr fuw 448
451 il~l<11<1"1.IT: 405 ~~: 434
'
~ 4;l'irn iffi ~II: 409 ~~: 437
~ 414il>1Jffil1 421 ~ 31Ul I<"l ~ ill 'j 423
~ 41,~<11: 430 G~I fclEi ~:<lf'j 421
751
Index
G~ If.'1m WRlT 411 ~ '

'l11ll4'll: 461
G~lf.'1'e!T ~ 419 ~ '!ffil: 473
G~lf1'1m: allc/il<I: 436 ~=: 460
i;~lf.'1m: alj"t<'lll: 417 ~=; 414
i;~lf.'1'e!T: '34~~11: 417 &IG~ If1'1'11'.J4111 ~~ Ic1 '\ 467
~ f.'l'lfo11f.'I 429 SIG~lf.'1'11: i@: 473
G~ If.'1,m f1'1 c/i "'1: 425 !lli;~lf.'1'i:l: «1: 474
G~lf1'1>m fcR<r: 420 &IG~lf.'1'e!T ~<l'j_"11 478
G~lt,ffi'l":S~: q,~ofllllf.'I ~ 430 !llG~lf1'1'e!T ~ 471
~~: 413 !llG~lf.'1'11 ~ 466
G~ II c/i " f1'1 ~ <;_'(I GI'1 '\ 426 ~ <1<!~,;:-1: 474
G~I I'!?, ~I c1 If.'I 439 &IG~ll:S;•I: Q<1'1rl1'11'.J<'llG: 465
GR~ 079 ~ 'lITi G~f-1gl11: 671
GR~ 022 Elli; ~II ll<'l '11 f.'I 459
GR~ 221 1:1Ri~1RI ~f.;;111fd1 560
GRm G~rl4'Jif<1~"11fdl 437 1:1Ri~1RI: ~rnlt<ilt;lfGT: 557
0
G1t1fgt1: '1,§4'11: 278 s 1Ri~1RI: ~rn1t1=1f.'I 561
~:~14'11rllf1l i;~lf1'1'<1T: ~ : 674 s 1f.'1~1 RI: f4Qgif<1titi!> 1~1Sf'll: 556
~:~'11,llfll iJ,;ql~I: 311c/il~r 141 ~ : ~ qR~,1:11: 366
~:~14'11rllf1l thllc/il": 208 ~:FcR;r:mm: 102
~:~!lc1f1l ~ zjlrr; 441 fGfclm "'31lllT 019
~ <I Grn f1l tjiJ ~ <'11 f.'I 243 fGfclm at f.'I r1l <'11 023
~ '11'llf.'I 647 fGfclm 14 ~!% 018
!llRi~I(\ ~ 566 fem 'i"IT 010
~ '!?,~lc1lf.'I 460 fem lf'!:Giren 027
!llG~ll:S;<l t1'1Q<lil'1'\ 478 Fil -1 <1 RI: tJllt: 635
~ '11'141<11: 466 ~~ 020
~~: 473 ~ '3rn"~'c\1'1'\ 021
~ "!..'1'J"II: 470 ~ "c/ill 029
~~ 461 ~ ;;, ll<l-lj 026
~ 4R 0 11'l'11'11<1'11'll'II: 462 ~ <1«<1'\ 015
475 ~ '\11 f.'a ~ 1'1 '\ 006
752
a•,cr"f~I Index
~f<l"ei ~l{Ol'J 005 ~ : "ffEJ: 006

'
~ '!'A 0.-:<'1 't 028 ~ : "ffEI: 021
~"1:r~ 004 ~:<i<R: 017
~ .iqR'l,k<l't 004 ~ : ");!: 010
~ <i'll4fffi$11~'t 011 ~ '!'A 0.-:<'1 '! 028
~ : 314<ll<l4{'ll..f: 018 ~ : ~~11ll<1><1Rl•gg: 027
~ : 31 j'!: 028 f&fclm Ill "Jf% 018
~ : l!fUT: 004 ~M 008
~ 11'1'11: "!l]"g: 025 ~ 'al'f: 010
~ f.'1'1!: ~ It< f<l <I\ <"-1: 025 ~film ·~,c1~1'11•f, 008
~ t:rc: 019 ~f<lsh~ 005
~ : filifficGI<: 020 ~ R'l<l<M>1 015
~ : RlrnlcG1<:: 020 ~ ~fl1<1>1'<l1 028
~:~: 023 t WJ:4R'l1"1 024
~:~: 030 t 3lJ<ROT 008
~ : <!'llc'i~li!: 009 t 3!T-'ll 4f.'i: 4 013
~ : f.'1>Jlo1<1>1<1: 019 t~ 027
~ : g<(•1c11<"1~1s: 006 t $1"R 006
~:~: 019 t <'A 007
~11'1'11: ~<i'lc<l~li;: 013 t f.'1 "1 ;,; q, Ji 007
~ : ll<[\7T: 021 t~ 016
~11'1m mRlRlrn1cG11;: 030 t >l"'IT"T 024
~ : 'fill: 009 t~ 029
~ 11'1m 'IWRT 007 t~ 026
~ : "11T'f: 028 t <l{'J•l"1 010
~ : fcRm:- 007 t <l"f!1 017
~ : "U'G: 008 t <i'll4rn1 011
~:wimr 012 t~ 005
~ : 'IWRT 007 ~~ 023
~ : "'lf!ll(: 017 ~~ 015
753
Index
&f 31 j4 iii f&i fi "11' $<J_ 022 'l<l<lT ~ 391

&f 3lfilwjj 009 "'1<I '3i;l5x 011f.'t 389
&f 3!fi1 f.'t c1 ~ IFc) ~ '-i, 025 "'1q 'Ji,T: 394
&f 31~ 016 "'1 ii4 '11 385
&f 311 4f«Fl' ff 013 .J<lm =1'1Qfaqfu111: 378
&f cf>ci4')- 005 'l<l<lT *1 '11 q fu1 : 379
&f ~ 004 'l<l<lT ft,f.lr: 377
&f ii "5<1 Iiil1 006 "'1~e1i 004 "'1q i:r,h;-r: 394
&f 4<li<l4'<'11~ 017 "'1 iii if> 1<fl 022 ~ : &f"im YR'fril<l 477
&f Wl'l~ 021 "'1l<fl ooe "'1q ~ : 378,394
&f ~1'<"1'1'1'1fcl~,fl 005 -;::rcJ ' "
&li<hict'l'<!"WI I: 667
&[ ~1'<01'1'1'1fll 3 l l ~ ~c;:•1iil1 005 "'1<! fcl ~ I'1 fi "5 If.<1 j<il If.'t 389
&f w.i'r 010 ~~:wi 388
ID *1 <fc'l ~ n 004 ~ f.'t<i I'1 'j 380
ID~ 025 ~ ~llhl'j 381
ID ~<ill•l'MIG, 006 ~ fi '-11 "1 '1 '1 373
~ '11'11f.'t 647 ~:ittcr: 377
l'ljrl.u1<11: <i'il '1Gmq1f<i1 214 ~~ 373
'
l'l <fq, I'I fll <i'i! o!llflJTJf.'r 194 387
wftmit: ~ 31fi'1<1)_<'1Sl'1i: 330 '1 <1 fcla: 3TT<!R: 373
w\~ 1 iilfll 1R ~ : 253 '1 q Fclsi: 3IT<',[ 386
'
mt/l: 1R; q11f<11: 244 '1 q Fclsi: <!ffi: 388
l'.l.l I'1 fll ~ ste!T: 369 ~ : f<l",oo: 388
UJR~' 103 .,qfctm 31~ 386
m: qi/>li;~lfcl<!: 450 .,qfctm~: 396
"'1<1~: 393 .,qfctm ,;~l'1$<lQ~~~l8i/l<l>ii4'11 383
754
Index
~ <:~f'1$1.1<il'i'i-rn l(l.lcfi('tl'll 3B2 1fc! 31 Gld"l IA c1")0 218

'lciRliUI <:~f'1$<1~"lQ 1$cfi('tl'11 3B5 1fc! 31'11'1Al!>i,IIA 214
1c1Ri;u1 G~11e11Aqfffiq1(l.lcfi('tl11 3B4 G""i1 31 '1 I'iil 1-.rT 395 1fc! 31'$[: 239
'1c! fl«i'lcllffi: 395 1fc! 31Q~101$1111A 221
'1<!~: 3B0 1fc! ~: 193
'1c! t1A.lg<1t11: 392 1fc! :iifi'rm: 241
1c11c1,ufl1.11A ~.,i1f.'I 376 1fc! 3ffel t1 ~1".J,cG IGI 193
'1 c/ I cli I~ c:T'l"! 390 1fc! 31~: 204
'1c/1-s;'IQ<lil'11A 397 q"ij ~ : 209
~wit: 662 G""i1 31 f1 ~ t1 ~ Ff\ .£TT: 218
'1illif1cll: 3B5 1fc! =" cl, Ii,i $11'1 I f-1 226
~ ~ : 3!TcfiRT: 119 1fc! 311qfffic1•1!: 200
~ G~IQ$<11: 674 q"ij 31TIITTT: 227
A~fui ~ 019 G""i1 $ f.'s: ,rn ,I.lift~~ 1o11 A 216
A~fu1<1i11.1«1 ~ T'f' 350 G""i1 $ f.'i: I.I I fil I 216,666
f.'l+1 f oIcfi I<1 *'-1 1fc! BeJ1'Tlf.l 211 lfc!~: 194
Ac1fui ~ 081 1fc! '34~~11: 193
fic1foj ~ 024 1fc! '34f1'11: 194
~~ 123 G""i1 '3 4 I'1 "11.1 f fil I 197
Ao:i.aiw~*'-1 G""i1 w>!I: 225 G""i1 '3 '11ft q ~.jj I: 220
A"li1t11'1 o!l'l,:, ltil%~il 074 lfc!~: 1B6
~"c'-<i ~ 016 q"ij ?!CTfq: 203
'11' 11 '11 {<l <l1<l 3lht1 '.!?II: 289 4ii G~ I "'IT'lf: 503
'11c'.<li*'-1 ~ 'l"f!T: 400 ~ ?!ITT,: 224
'11c'.cli*'-1 ~ "11: 375 11'ilfut q;-,j 234
'11c'.cli*'-1 1fc! 31-s;'IIA 227 G""i1 cli ij f.'i: I.I I fill 234
"lTc<fi 3l'c 'l"f!T: 325 G""i1 <Ii c'<l I oII : 229
'11 c'. <Ii *'-1 '1c! 'l"f!T: 375 G""i1 qjq11.11: 199
'1 I'11 Fcil'liilfu t1 «~1011: 229
G""i1 3flJofll: 239 lfc!~ 184
755
Index
If'! <1>1'1'.)."11: 207 502

~ tj'q 'k'11~clllfill 207 YilG~I ft: 503
tj'q~ 206 -ci"l '.I'" f.'l qm 11: 208
If'! I'1 't,"11 :,;:' II f.'I 234 q'c[ ;-;'1~<1>1!: 198
If'! I 11 -M 1'11 f.'I 234 tj'q i["c'l: 200
If'! "i/>"fm: 183 tj'q~q,i\: 202
'f'! I11 1.,;:' 11 f.'I 235 tj'q ~'iilj<l!Fcl;,1,11111!: 667
tj'q IR?Ii fil I 214 If'! q,i\: 194
q'c[ 7](fl!: 188 If'! lclT(1q: 183
tj'q~: 192 11'ilm $ft 210
~~ 226 'f'! f.1 fll «11 f.'I 223
If'! 'J"TI' 231 Yi1Yill~l<1 ~ : 609

'
q'c[ 'J"TI' 232 Q"'cf q,~,n,11: 225
If'! 'll?llfill 233 tj'q ~6111'111%.sfT: 197
tj'q i1,li I fil I 185 If'! 41 °.,;<11: 183
tj'q 'ii~ 211 'f'! q1R~<:I: 184
4ilik<II R~lq 'lT'll'!il11 'llf.'i 603 If'! ~Oq'lqj'l'l]: 243
tj'q lJT1!T: 228 If'! ~RlqR'fr111<111111 11!: 191
tj'q uff>T-i,r t<l 'Ii 1,: 222 tj'q ~ j<ll c/ ii '11 f.1 226
~~:~ 189 'f'! ~'11ti<1tic1,1: 232
tj'q It! 1 '.!<ll I: 189 q'c[ ~ &11 f.'! 201,666
If'! $1111 f.1 231 -ci"l ~ 'Ii qi:! fc:1.,;:' 11 f.'I 215
tj'q~: 237 tj'q~: 215
tj'q '5T<l>T: 183 tj'q ~ 196
tj'q .,; I Fil, .-11 : 184 tj'q~: 238
If'! TI"<T'Rll: 204 tj'q 'lli RI If.'I 217
tj'q (1.-j{ 11 I'11 f.'I 241 tj'q "'R:J;ffllenfur 230
tj'q <1 "'11 ?I Ifil I 204 tj'q '1 j"1 ig&11 f.1 218
tj'q <11~<1>1: 200 tj'q~: 228
If'! G~f 11 f.'I 227 -ci"l '1 E141 ol f.'I 209
-ci"l G~l~q(ll&11: 501 tj'q~ 217
YilG~lf.'1sf: ~Tl&1'1111: 500 'f'! '1El<lil1~.Qff: 183

YilG~if.'11'/ ~ 501 tj'q~ 233
756
~""""1~1 Index
<i'<J ~t\lt1i~<!icll~1: 186 ~~ 219

'I"! ~l<j4ii"NI: 218 ~~ 236
'
'I"! ~l<J'jol: 230 ~ l!IBlj 236
<i'<f ~IRMifll1 239 ~'11T: 206
q'q lJJ1IT: 233 ~~ 222
<i'<f 'j,C'I 'I <P I fll 1 220 ~ t1~<Mlt1~ 203
'
<i'<f f'lv.l Iu1°1 fc1 <!i 1: 235 ~ : 31~-cll: 242
~~: 235 ~ : 3!j<!i~C'!Qi'<M: 202
q'q :l<fl' 213 'f'lf:;m: 3lTclf!I: 240
<i'<I~: 216 ~:~: 188
<i'<f 41 ' I<1---51 '!l C'I I f.'I 210 ~ : o'\lf: 198
<i'<I~: 210 ~:~: 188
'I"!~: 240 ~ : f.'ni-a: 191
<i'<f ~Yllll's;'llf.'I 240 ~ : 4~41(1): 231
<i'<f ii 1"1 'i-511 fll 1 189 ~ : 'J<('li:'I: 185
<i'<I t1.:c1•1I 204 ~ : 4 flies a: 184
q'q~
<i'<J .,ft Fc1, <!i iii~ If.'I
. ,. \
q:q c11 en Irn '<! r.tt fll I
fr!
232
195
195
~.
~ : J:f'!Tcl:
~:~:
'j&i)q~~I
202
205
195
<i'<J cltl11'5;'11f.'I 242 ~ : 'IIT<!i: 219
<i'<f cl 'I 11 f.'I 241 ~:~: 202
<i'<f fc1 ;,1 fra '<'> 4Ifll 1 210 ~:~: 189
<i'<f fc1 ;,111 <t> 11:11:
q'q Fc1 QR1 q i'<1 ll
~ : 'J<(' I i:'I:
209
235
201
~.
~
~ "EJUcT
ITT"'! 225
200
185
~ 311cii(OI~ 191 ~~ 211
' '
~ "<!ilJ 234 ~ 'f'l:'11larr 230
~ TI"--5!ll 190 ~ : Q,~<!i1,<!i1 197
~ 'lf'11"'! 188 ~ : fi're1q: 187
~~ 205 ~ : 'l,C'lcllllcl: 221
~ fcl'f'j 203 ~W!<IT 224
~ cft,t-,, 221 q'q Fc1 QR1 4i'<11:l: 235
'
~~ 220 <i'<f Fc1 ~ 11 f.'111 <11 231
'
757
Index
568 ';!~ ' "1 '1 f<l tl <H Ei <l '\ 030
567 ~~qqfq1: 416
569 q ' "1 " f.;rfl)m 040
562 qRq;f6'-h4'1 fl"4,al 1;~1f<1m-
561 fcltfl 4 q; oIT'<IT: ,r,f: <!i'M: 072
208 fllctH'I' If<l iii<! IR f.'I cl" 011 f.'I 113
230 !l,<,_' I <ii I ~ili<I It 110
220 T"f· f.;f/ltr: 036
209 ~~- 142
621
213
!l,'1<'1 q; f<l
~
=
'JIIT·
,r,f: '!<ll(1f.',iq;1i11<i!:
292
090
207 ~~ 073
198 qi q,a ~ ~ 01 i/<l '1cf ft1"11l<!: 397
212 ~ $11 4 "fi'I c1I q I: 3l.::1 fcr<,i-,n: 366
224 ~~~<11•11: 440
199 ~~ 081
208 ~(fq~ffi 219
~ 3ll'c ;Jlj~ifll:
0
199 356
191 ~ f<'I ~ ~ I'11 f!,-:l tj ii 8i ~ I <1, <l'!W@I: 589
212 ~ R'I q c(4: ~ '!<l"!]q]: 403
212 ~<1°1<"1tljc<lli;f<l il<GIR 3i>Tlf.l 130
190
'
~ <11<"1 tl jc<l Ii; f<l
_.,
~ q; Ii; ~I IS!.<,: 453
232 '
~<-fl<'l1fljc<li;f<l '
Eili;~ll4~1 465
224 >I~: i;~IYR'\j<Ei<l 445
201,229 >l~~Pifl<'l11'1i Eili;~ll<f;l"- 468
662 , r ~ (fEj 3i>Tlf.l 243
141 W-TR~' 024
> I ~ -';frfuT 3i>Tlf.l 103
326 ,r~. fffi.: ti~1q&1,r 102
758
Index
J;f!ITT<R: ~ : 027 ~ <:vr 'fl<[: 436

1<'lfOT OOw! 084 ~tl«-cl 1'11~<1>1 i;~I filsr
'
Q'll"lt'll ,I<!: Qf<l!il%'1: 084 q,q,,:,<1101f/l~: 455
Q~i'l'J"lt'll il\j,~~I ,nrr: 495 ~ il\j,fll>i "1""I 154

Q1.11•1'11•ft<1 <:vr m : 438 ~ GVf ilt'IIPI 435
Qflctf<l>f,011P1 174 ,iH q, "1 xl ll I: tj'q ii <'I IPI 215
IR'!<l'1Filctili<ilt;t<l t;~llj~lttt: 408 ./1 <Ii ~ 11 tl '1 «I !l'r tf'mt O13
Qlt<iFill'lljtl 1~01 '34tl"1"1t<l olltil'lt'li 'cf<i!R: ~ : 155
~: 405 olltil'lt'll ~ <liTWj 272
~,011f<lq1ct: ~ : 101 'l I Icict I ii c'cl IR~ 1'i"1 '< 'l I~ fil Iib
Q1fil1-1i iTfilr 'l, 01<1>1x 011PI 099 lel4~1ct'j 678
Q1tifll<1>t<l ,1<1: qllfllr 018 >fq: ~ : 101
lm'i ~ 022 >11"1'1t'll ol"llT GT'IT: 069

'
lm'i ~ 217 'llil'11'll'ft'll 31tel~cil'M<fifili!.IPI 327
'
iffi ~ 055 ~ <!\!: q "'; ll R1c6 ~I ct ?I I.I
o11t'l<1>t1'11: Qqrn1: "f!'<I ~ : 309 ~ 669
~:~: 013 ~ ?lllli;~I Qjglllil~lqr 481
f,llt<l 31~~f!lj&iGt'11PI 624 ~ r,i<iill~lt;~<fi~lct!il.l
~,i';<li1'1 ~ 032 fmei1c1~ 689
f,ll t<l fMilm: T,,r: 098 ~ tj'q 3114fffiil•lf: 187
f,llt<l GVf 4llflll: 447 ~ <iill~lt;~<fi~lct!ill~fi<'IIPI 688
f<ll t<1 <:vr ii <'I IPI 446 fi're!'t: ~: 'i<'tl 4rnll: 111
~: !l'r ~ 020 ~ : ~ '34tl'lf: 408
f,llt<l ~ ~c'<llf.'r 475 lfoell~~lt<l ~ -1•1x1fil1 283
~1%~i'IS!"t x1~ftrn1PI il<'IIPI 216 lfoell 'l<fi<; ~f '1t<l ,I<! 311 ii II.I I: 078
f,i;'1i~tl«-c!Hi ~ : WIJi'I: 238 'l"?lllHt'll lfq <l>'l[: 194
~Filrnfll1•11w11ct: r,ii;)~: 076 'l,01fil«i ~ 048
~ !il<;~lfil>i "tm<l- 'l 61 q, oll t<l ii c'cl IR g• 11 PI 111
<1>"'11 "l't 469 'l i5 Ic"<l t'li "f!'<[ '! oII PI 297
~tl«-cl'l,'llg~ft1ct1: GVf <men: 436 '1!!15~ II.I I ~ lellll: 431
759
Index
'1,;1ll 1111>c'll101fil-,101i cm o1aiunf.! 431 x,(1:~:

'
285
'161ll1'1f<l q11>1.-;~1 3ilc'1"1'11f.'I 454 \?I 8i f.;-: cl f<l 'le;: ™ 255
'l$1lll'1'rl'5!f<l ilci'II\?: Yllflll: 134 ~ : "to iN'![: 387
'1$1lll'1f<l ?!!Tit;~I ~Riqfct1ll: 482 ~ : q'q <fc'fffi: 228
'li31lll'1f<l &I ~ 014 ~ : 'l'i'I 'llcl'11~illll: 228
'l61lll'1'[Hf<l GT ~ 014 ~ : *1'<1G~I 3MTf.! 525
'l$1lll'1•rl'5!1ll ~~<l:,lll ilci'fR: mYt<1 R1~1RI ~ : 552
fc1 &l cl q fc1 '6.j;, I: ~ i:'ll ll I: 135 -MYf<l Fc1~1RI: rn 549
'le;1ll11•11?1 ~~ci'l1ll GT atjil>~o!- "'q ,/<I, 'tWl q'q ~ : 229
~ i:'ll ll1 014 '<l' If,Q ffi 11>1\?DI If.'I 066
'li31lll'1f<l q11>1.-;1~1 311o!"l'11f.'I 454 o!aJUJ"f<l ilci'IR: ~ : 165
'li31lll'1'll'ff<l ilci'IIR ~,;1011f.'I 134 fc;i' If<l ffi -M q Ifcl I 053
'l 6 IR1 <Ii '1 ~1 q If<l 'I<( <WIT: 265 c.fl' ii> &ll 'l 011
"'!lg: IIT'<!T: ~ : "il>T'lT: 080 ,ktl '11 '1 ii> Io! t<1 ii ci'I IR g• II f.'I 143
'll'f$11dllll: 4ill,i;;•11f.'I 234 clf<j$11'1t<1 cm '
~lli'II: 442
'l I' f,(1 i:'ll f<l "'1cf i;rbn: 674 cl f<j$11'1 f<l "to "c,ja,uJWIT: 392
'll•f*1,<1fll Yili;~I 31111>1\?I: 502 cl f<j$11 '1 f,Q *1 '<1 fc1 ~ IRi \?I ii> I\? I 574
'l 11 If,j *1 i:'ll f<l cm i;rbn: 674 crful ilci'IR5 ?!["dq 177
'l I' f*1 i:'ll f<l "ff'<! «l -M q Ifcl I 315 f<!aftf: ~ : 018
'l I\? f<l q'q -.rorr: 205 fclill\? 0 1 ~ 070
'11' f*1 ell f,Q ilci'fR: 311 ii> I\? I: 176 Rl$11~ t 018
'j_o1il>lllclq ffi ~IIBlfcll 082 ~<RRl:'fl<I: 175
mai~ 381 ~ : ii ci'I IR iii i:'ll If., 112
g•1'1<l;i: ~ : 026 ~ : cm o!aiunf.! 420
ii1•1c1..-,~'fcll: =: ~: 146 fc1 '11 ~ I: f.irful: 048
41•1c1..-,t,Q ilci'IIR •/l-,1fcl1 145 R1 ';o! '1 O,i;c,j f<l 4il Fc1~1 Ri
!TI ' Ia.-, f<l '5!<lT 'fc:T: 069 l[vll~d11fcll 570
'
lWll.1.:.,r~ "i;m fl~I f., 428 R1 !ic'I 4 D,i;c,j f<l *1 '<1 Gi~I '1,
ii1•1c1..-,t,Q " f f ' < ! ~ : 307 l[vl I~"11 fb1 597
lll fi'l '1 i ii ci'I IR 311 o! "I '11 f.'I 146 fcrwil: cm 31 cl cl I\? I: 399
'<Mf.'ifl1a: ~ : 394 f<1 ~ IRi fi'I R-1 I'l If.'I 542
~ ilci'fR: "'1'l]: 176 ~~ 546
~ '3l1'11fu;-r: "ff'<! g@ 'l 317 f<1 ~ IRi: 311 "1 <J;"C ll: 545
760
Index
Ri~1Rl: ;aqqoj~11 543 '>iltjilif'-1 i;~llYYl~i;I: 409

Ri~1Rl: ~<il•11: 548 '>I Iq <'I> t'<1 i;'t f.'! <'I> I ~, 011
Ri~1Rl: <'l>,01g1aq: 547 '>iltj<'/Jt-<1 Yi1i;~I TJ): 500
Ri~1Rl: :i[.-q<:11: 544 1-f<". <'I> ij f.;; '11 fil I 285
Ri~1Rl: 'l'[jq<'/Jg<;:•lit>'11: 541 1-f<". qi"q"'q- ~ c1 Fil a,: 248
Ri~1Rl: 'l'im: 543 1-f<". qi"q"'q ~ c1 >11 a, 248
cft>1 ~ 083 1-f<". <'I> I '1 q I" Ifil I 285
~ <i<!m 223 qc::' iii C'I I f.'I
~
283
~~lqqjf>-1 1-f<". '!Wlt: 271 1-f<". iii I'11 q i1 <I: i:<-rr: 264
mi tll!f: 644 1-f<". <l/c<1 I~ fil Iili~,t;tll!f 270
W<G: folim:r: 041 qc:: cfc'tm: 255
'
= q'q GT'IT: 225 1-f<". i1 if> I fil I 276
= ~ sC'l1f.'i 280 qe<1<'<11R~1a
' '
"1c-<11: 604
~1, 01•1>11t>-1 f<'r;a-: f<'i:ilq~1arr: 035 1-f<". q 11 f~ fil Iiii I ~tll!f 268
~1<"1'1'11f'.1 fi'r;a-: ~ f f i ' . 034 1-f<". '<1 d 11 f<IH'IT: 287
~1<"1'1'11f'.1 fi'r;a-: *11'11"1l~lffi: 034 ~ '
"14i;lql 281
~i< 01'1'11f'-1 fM1lm ,fuffi 035 ~ ~1'!;<11 f.'! 251
~ II q<1 f'-1 3!Z1 GT'IT 361 ~ 272
~ : c;<'T -itm: 442 q o'11 Q<F·,11 fil I 274
~11~qac11R:1 ~ *'1- q ''.J~I: 269
f.'li1i1<11: 213 qc:: d1ITT'Td]: 260
'
~ll~<1a'1mt;H'll: ~ : 1'ITTc!!: 130 1-f<". d "311 fil I 251
~11-11<'/Jt-<1 -11,i;>il ~ : 013 qc:: ai!lc11R:1: 257
'
~ '.!<tlf'-1 <f'<'!- 1-f<". ~ : ~llfdl<: 275
'3ct'Hlf€lililR01: 302 q<".8i~1q '11'1$1111<'1>1<1'. 593
'lftc;i ~ 084 qe8i~1a
' ' mmb-i>-m-:
'''"~-\j~<>--Q~- 592
'
~~ 132 1-f<". ift,n-: 248
'll"<t,T 1fflm 203 1-f<". 1 ' IxIfil I 248
~ : c;<'T ~ : 31j~l-111 414 qc:: qzyrr: 278
'
'>11<1'1,t-<1 q<".Gi~1q fuacrr: 591 1-f<". q I< f>I d I: 269
'>ll'1"'1<101i c;<'T ~ : 401 1-f<". fil Q'.J~ I: 282
'>I Iq <'I> f'-1 i1 <'I Iq<'/J f'-1 i1 <'f'5 '11<'1'11~1•f<1>cq1f.'1
' '
252
~ ~61~iillf.'1 245 ~ '11'11'11'\ ~ 286
~~a,r: 277 'l'5 ~61<1>1iill: 260
'
~ : 311illl1f: 288 ~~: 255
~ : t,n-: 288 ~ ~61111'1<:~f'1~1•1f: 259
'
~ ~11'1<1": 258 ~ 'J_t'I ifcil~I I 277
~ ,:,:rnf: 284 ~ gf#i~11-H1fo1 284
~ t1 '"h! +1--1"1 all: 285 ~ q)f'l.?ia011fo1 267
~ tl~ltll: 278 ~ c1«J0 281
~ fit1"<i!q1: 246 q,g fcr~ 266
'
~~ 256 ~ c11fii<1>1: 261
~ 8xii/>tj~I I: 288 ~ fcr'f1!T: 282
~ 31 ii> f.'1 'd I: 281 >(,s~: 267
'
. '
~.S1f<fPII: 273 ~ fc1 $11 '1 If.'1 267
~ 3W'.l•l~ltjfoli!>I
~wif: 257 ~ 311iil"l'1'\ 275
~~:wif: 257 ~ 31T~ltl~llf>'\ 259
~ 3R'R'IW!T: 270 ~ ilw"! 247
~ 31 "1 tj iii If.'1 265 ~ Rlrn~ 287
' '
Q,sjct1!1ffo1 272 ~ 'i;T'fll 273
' '
Q,sj"t<1!1: 254 ~ ?.":i!lfl, 264
Jffer.rr:
' ' "
>(,s 252 280
'
~ 31iil<l>I": 249 283
l'f,s~: 263 ~ Q5iil<l1'1'\ 272
' '
284 ~~ 276
~-
' '
~ 311ii1"1'1fc1~111: 275 ~ '11"1'1'\ 267
~ ~f.i:111fo1 272 261
' '
~=: 260 ~
' '$IT'1'[ 283
~ 7@'[[: 249 ~:<!fo'!: 244
~<,,'I Ri !i ~ ;,;_ fc1E/ ~:<l!lj 250 ~ : <l>l~~q: 264
1'f,s ~ : 269 q,gfc1S/: 1f"q: 260
' '
245 ~<,,Fc1S/: ~'1 tt> 1,: 282
265 ~ : Fc1-11~1: 254
'
762
,~·oilf~I Index
~·~·
~
'
3!fcrffl
251
274
m= '1~1,,1'1q.-;1:
m=~:
516
518
~ 3! lc1'•1'H-i$11 275 m=~: 515
~~
'
268 m= i(i\qlfill 516
~~ 279 m= Rl<1i1,1: 513
~~ 261 m= fc)~faqitj<j: 517
~ . 31 i:1 iii 1'11•
'
250 m= '!["ll<ff 509
~ . 3Jt;n:
'
249 m=~: 513
~ . '3qlf1<1il:
'
249 "1 -s ~ Ifclsi ~ 510
~ : 'lfi'i <1i><F1 fc),ni. 289 "f1'1<! ;Jl j<ll' I Ul q ~ Iq '11 f.'1 320
~·~·
'l -s fclm: ~ · 244 f1'<11'11_"11 313
'
273 "f1'1<! ;Jl j~ I<l I: 308
~ · f11'1'11• 279 = 3Jt;n: 292
~ ~i'<llfill 280
= ~· 311
~.
~ 'frllf.'1
'
'
261
276
"f1'1<\ 3!1$11~~1'11~qwi\
= 3lf!fu.rrf.r
289
308
~.~.
'R: ~i:l<l'1f1'l<ll:
'
~ . ~ 1'.11\j'!}&<l•
266
610
610
"f1'1<! 311'!1 il f.i; <l I fil I
"f1'1<\ '3 q 'l uI<l:
= ?f[lf!l:
301
305
304
~ . ~,f<l,'11'llf.'1 611 "f1'1<! <I\ I fZi <I\ q I fq <I\ I<g ~ Iiii I f.'1 316
~· ~ qR'!l<ti<l 476 "f1'1<! <I\ l'1 <I\ I fil I 307
m= 1H "lf1"-l<t, 'If: 511 = ,;r;;J: 312
m= a!1'T[: 504 "f1'1<! El c~ Ul I fill 309
'II CS~ I fclsi 'f'l'l 506 "f1'1<! e)q,1-s-•11f.'1 293
'
'11-S~I fcltfl <g'i_~• 508 ==· 303
m= <'lctil I f.'1 512 f1'<1Rl: 3!2IT: 617
m= cllfflq,ljf11~'11c'lq<lf<ll• 514 f1'<18i~1<1 ~ .
'
596
m=~: 520 g
f1'<1G~I ~ <l zj '1 i:'<l I f.'1 522
m=~: 505 "f1'1<! f<H1f.'1 313
m= qzy.rr: 515 fl l<l i; Ill fl 1:11011: 521
m= $4']."11: 519 f1'<1i;~I W"lii:~Rl q"1'\ 523
m=~: 514 f1'<"1G~I <l«i,f.'1 524
~ 111<111g<l<t<i1~11: 506 f1qt'1G~1 'l I Q'.J'1 ~ $11 q l'1 fi'l <'II 526
763
Index
<fC<l <RTf.'i 305 fllfle:~I fl\:.l'jOI: 521

~ : ft>if.'i-rn: lfr'lq: 299 ft'<IG~I~: 516
'
=~: 292 ft '<I Risr: 3!flITT!: 307
<f'<l 4Ri'<l"lll: 314 ft 'lc'llffi'l'fRl 297
<fC<l ~ R1>1'iaH-i cl x' rl ,11 fii I 318 fl 'fl RI iii ~ te ell '! 311
<fC<l '.j.jj 4 IR~ GI: 290 fl 'J1i1i1~: 295
<fC<l 'f"q\: 318 fl'<lfc1'il': R1'11H 300
~ : Ri~IRI: 4R'!j.jj!l: 550 fl 'i'rn: 573
<fC<l c'IT<ITT: 299 fl '<I R1si u1 ,+a'i <11: 297
<fC<l ~ : 314 ft '<I R1si <f"?I', 294
'
<fC<l c/1,~1: 318 ft 'J1: 31-s·•11A
'
294 ft'<lRlsi ~ 319
<fC<l ft<'j"~'l<i'l: 290 ft 'c114~~11: 293 ft '<I Rim 1,ru $11'1 RI ;,i P<1: 306
ft'<ll-S:'l'l,ull 313 f1 '<I R1m 'FI 299
ft'<IG~I ~$'lG1'S<"llA 522 ti 'JRict11.-q1GI: 320
764
Index
fl'<1Ri"1: 3/lillllf 319 fl·f<l,N: ~ : 017

t1'<'1RlmS:JW!: 309 ~ il6cl1R o1aiunf.'r 140
fl'<'1Rlm~, 296 ,ili/1lfl",Glll«l fcra: -slRh.->J 097
fl'<'1Rlm '11«1>1,, 313
293
"1tl'11Qci«\<t>«i ~
q,~":
=- 327
t1'<'1Rlm ~'
'
fl'<114,MI f.'I 301 ffiUITjflR"T Gifcm: fl>-Cq' ilg 055
fl Iif<Hi 'J.I GIll -81 i:ril '3 m 'l '_\, cl: 197 ffiUITjflR"T fl R.l 'i)<1'1 &f ~ 012
fl Ii/1J fl 'J.I GIll -81 i:i'cl '3 m 'l Iil Ill f: 237 ~ Gifcm: flR.l'ilg: 042
~ ~ clilllfrll 262 fl 1'l 1.->Jil <1[<1 •·ill jfl I~01 il \j4~1
fl'lll-81 tj(ii!<: Qi)ll~lclcl: 136 io11qct1<1: 494
fl jG 1l fl cil -81 =ix: 311 cli I": 106 fl 1'l 1.->J il ll f<1;..,r Ijfl I~ 01 ii \j4~ I
flj<:1ll4flcii'81 G-:11 ~ : 679 Rl~t'cfl'l<ll: 493
fl "F''HI> 'l '81 '1c q Rm 'l I: 280 fll'll.->J5,:= ilMIR c'laiunf.'r 142
'
-:~: 022 fl I'I I ·•rn IR1>ilei Iii Id «i '!'q
~ ?Im 'lfG[: 085 c'laiunf.'r 287
~ fl'<11,s;'llf.'I 290 fll'll.->J ~ 071
~ 3l1'c 3/o1if\i<I: 365 fll-!lcf«l 'f'5 i;!<lrll 281
'
~ll'l"l'''!!lT G-:11 Ri;i:;Rlt11j,il~o1 'all: g('jq: 054
31 o1 if> I< I: 443 {j~{iqcf<1«i ~ei; i16cl1R
~ i:i'cl TIT' 236 fi41rll 174
~ i:i'cl f.'11l<11: 236 <!:-l'l, <'f"ir'j. '3 q ~ ~ I tj 063
~'1'<1~ 316 'l,tq,~"lll ~ ,i),i1Ri1 063
flR.l'i)cit 'f'5 'lfG[: 256 'l:,tl'jfl1~ 01 G~IRl'i<I: 666 ~ fl'<11~ill: 300
flil•l'll i:i'clm 183 w,i~ 016
fl q f if> I< $1 cil 4 o1ai I G-:11 ICTl!!: 424 ~
0
1011'1 ~
'
Gll!T: 351
flqf q, I" fi1 fl '<11'<1 Q41 •1-81 ~ ~ c'laiunf.'r 043
Git1'<'1,'.!<fl,~1<1'lfGT: 3/lif>I": 661 ~ i:i'cl c'laiunf.'r 192
flcl fCf)l'</1 fi1 fP"i.Jltl!.llll~lf.4
' ' ~- f<ll<1f..:1<1>'llt111>l<1>'81 &[ ~ 021
'.!01-81 il\j4~1 'lfG[: 492 f 'l IEl1 f>l cfi -81 'all: 'J{<I: 076
fi>111i "1'11<;~1 -.,l1Rl<11qq,,011f.'I 480 g)1<111«1 &f ~ 014
~ i:i'i'! •n,i1ri1 206 ~:~: 012
ficf{4lo1'1'81 ~ 3/j~ifl 017 i){iq,f/1 G-:11 ~ 449
fi«l>l<«l>"'l"f<l i:i'cl ~ : 206
765
Index
Texts Consulted
~a;i"Fc:.·1
2. '\ari"111·cll '\·ci~I\·~"''!J'lil"''<i'~l\·?fia· ll\1 i"111·t ~&1·?f <i \ ! 'f ·'\'l111·i5''\·~· i 111·&1'(/:l·
<l1!1'l'"lll1'ici·111~ "''fC:.'! 91' I' I'
cii<ll111l &1i''{l\·il·~<ll111·'\2l·~l\·Fc:.·1 91'<i"
4. i"111·i·~ar~1111 &11l]l\·2f·'\cic:.·!"l·t111·cii<ll111l ~-~l\·il·~111111·'\2l ·~l\·Fc:.·1
s. i'\·'\r:;·~11·fll'\'lll&iv-'11\·t"'·!·i111·ci~a·51('\1 ~·~"l·~~·iu.i°ir ~·;·1"" ~···rt!),
I\'~·~·~ l 91'""1
6. Elifti'.lt,:, 31ltllll ~,}., "lll;grc;r (31'!~ ~ fPlllc;c/i),

*·B".fu.ftr.~. {11~11\?.T, ,11~101ffl, 1988
7. fhilifRl.:a1itfll1lfl~qJR, >IT. <ll1lll •ll'l1'1 llJl(pl (31jc1lc;c/, ~

{11-qlc;c/i), *.'3'.fu.ftr.~. {11~11\?.T, c11~101ffl, 2000
8. ,:"ITT{ ai>Juft ~...n q,)~1. ~. !,~~cl o11i,-l1, cll'{IOl'{fl $111'10,S('j

R:ifl:le-s. 1969
9. Tibetan-English Dictionary, S.C.Das, Published by the Bengal
Secretariat Book Depot, 1902
10. Tibetan-English Dictionary of Buddhist Terminology, Tsepak
Rigzin, Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dhararnsala, H.P.,
India
766
Index
11. Dharmasamgrah, Miss Tashi Sangmo an,;! Miss Dechen Chime,

Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies (Deemed University),
Sarnath, Varanasi, 1997
12. Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary, Dr. Lokesh Chandra, International

Academy of Indian Culture, 1 22 Hauz Khas Enclave, New Delhi,
India, 1959
13. Jewel Ornaments of Liberation, rJe-sGampopa, The Clear Light

Series, Shambala, Berkeley, 1971
14. Dharmasaitgraha-Kosah (Tibetan-Sanskrit Dharma Terms with

Categories), J.S.Negi, Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies,
Samath, Varanasi, 2006
767

DR Sanjib Kumar Das Basic Buddhist Terminology Tibetan Sanskrit

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DR Sanjib Kumar Das Basic Buddhist Terminology Tibetan Sanskrit

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Basic Buddhist Terminology

Dr. Sanjib Kumar Das

Kagyud Relief & Protection Committee

B.E. 2562 C.E. 2018

First Edition : I OOO Copies, 2009

© Kargyud Relief & Protection Committee,

Printed at: Mahayana Press, New Delhi-110020

1. U<!>P.!li6lll Publisher's Note

2. 3l l'>l I ,ii~ Acknowledgement

3iD ,:;n English (viii)

3iD"1"J English (xi-xii)

4. ~ lJ-;:Q;f Main Text (1-692)

• '11~"1' <'6"5!' ii&,l

•••• i.i~~r~·;sa:, I ~: Set of Two (4-30)

•••• CJ~·~·;sa:,1 'tRJcfft: Set of Four (106-182)

•••• ~ <'6"5!' ii&, l 451iJcpf: Set of Five (183-243)

•••• ~<!]' <'6"5!' ii&, l tj,Sq•f:

•••• CJ~5i-~·;sa:,1 fllrjci•I: Set of Seven (289-320)

•••• CJ!'\' <'6"5i'il&, l 3l<ecl•f: Set of Eight (321-372)

•••• 1~·'5°"i·u,1 '1 cl cl l f: Set of Nine (373-397)

•••• i;i~·<!Ji<!J·~-u, I qcf>IC:~lq,f: Set of Eleven (450-458)

•••• i;i~-<!J~ I!;''5°"!· u, I El IG~lci<f: Set of Twelve (459-478)

•••• i;i~·<!J~°'·'5°"!·ii~ I '

•••• Q~'Q~ ' 5°"1' ii"!\ il(jc!~1q,f: Set of Fourteen (487-499)

•••• i;if~·iS""l·u,1 Y.5lil<;~lci'f: Set of Fifteen (500-503)

•••• q~-~<!]·iS"~·u,1 ~1-S~lci'

•••• q~-q~"l·~·u,1 fl'<IC:~lq<f: Set of Seventeen (521-526)

•••• i;ii·i;i!1"iS""i'-o&,I 31"<'.li-;~lcl'f: Set of Eighteen (527-539)

•••• q~·1~·"11!,!'C:."<!]i"l<!] qcfi1.-Jfcl~ld: qcfiY-ill~lq Nineteen to Fifty-one (540-607)

•••• c:.· q~·r:;_·q~·"ll!,I" 9JC:.1!;".i\ 11 ' '

5. 1I,_c'I" yf.l~41· "$) <101f1s1,fllq, ~.ft (693-767)

6. 'tlt;lllif> 1J~ "$l ~ Texts Consulted (766-767)

~ 1l 1 BtS ~~ ~· ~.li' ~-2! ...J>i ~ ii ,?Jj 'ii _JV__ID? ~ ~ w ~ ~ 1!it a li .ii ~

Undoubtedly, the Buddha Shakyan1uni'severy words are considered as

This small book titled 'Basic Buddhist Terminology' is an outcome of

01.01.2009 Sanjib Kumar Das

tl:IT'1 # ~ <R ~ ~ :,fag1fl, fl11'%c-1.1, UB ~ c:~l---1 ~ ~ 'lfti1 ~ ~

Sakyamuni Buddha, the embodiment of compassion, attained the

The entire collection of his teachings is called the Three Baskets of

The Indian and Tibetan scholars wrote so many commentaries and

Earlier Dr. Bhagavati Prasad, Lecturer in Sanskrit and Shri D.K.Pattanayak,

January, 0 I, 2009 Sanjib Kumar Das

+Fi iltr I ~ I One four hundred arm-

One moment; Momentary; One nature; Same identity.

~·t1"11]3 1,r~~r(llj~·<11 ~c/,"1lffi~fa~oi; I

'1l!lc/,c'll I One great kalpa.

tum; One cycle (e.g. the

~; l;c/, 51~ ~ I One cubit l;c/, cR"-~ I One pair of great

3H-i ,:.9.1 I One countless; One fu<";,"1 I One particle of

~-"'1' I One day and night.

instant; A twin of moments. 11'I01"1 I A measurement equal to

(f<ttn") I A span of fingers of

::J,;· iii'\""1%"1 ~ cf\fu: ; i:;ci,: 31 'fl it 111 : I

41"11"1-lCJTl'I I One stone-measure. i:;cfi cl:JcltfR-3l'f1iilc'I I One

One single. One family, One generation.

W I A period of time equal to ~qx;:,i: 1 i:ri, 3lfc1x;:,i; i:ri, ~qx;:,i 1

~ I One nature; Same One verse; Meter; Stanza.

fc;ra,r I Measurement of one

err qR<1>R-<lc1 (Qlf)- 'l<Wl 1G 141'.i "fill~ - gi:J,fi '.!cl!IT'f"f,

err ~<IBTI- g<:J,ficft'l~I ~

1~·{q-iq:,111 1 UJC:.''\ 9'13i { l:J''\C:. ·af9. <IQ,. \"l:, 1111 91J.9"'l'\"-''"·~r

!jlllll'Q. !1-i'i!J ,;·i:i1:1· GT si <Ii 1-1 '<l>c"l- Q c;1 q <Ii 01

~ cl f.'i lSll .,-; q, c'i ~ I