UNIT 2.

3| Exchange in the Indian Ocean

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) and Significance (Why this term matters)

1. Calicut

2. Spice Islands

3. Monsoon Winds

4. Lateen Sails

5. Melacca

6. Diaspora

7. Swahili City-States

8. Zheng He

Objective Key Developments

Explain the The Indian Ocean Basin’s location allowed thriving trade with regions like South Asia. Note important
causes of the information about the causes of expanded exchange in the Indian Ocean below using specific details and
growth of complete sentences.
networks of
exchange after 1. Spread of Islam:
1200.
A. How did the expansion of Islam expand the Indian Ocean Trade network?

B. What trading partners are connected?

C. Who were the Muslim Persians and Arabs, and what was their role?
 D. Why is Calicut an important example of a bustling port city?

2. Increased Demand for Specialized Products:

A. List the items that India offers:

B. List the items that Malaysia and Indonesia offer:

● What are they called and why?

C. List the items that Swahili Coastal cities offer:

● Name two of these cities:

D. List the items that China exported:

E. List the items that Southwest Asia exported:

F. Summarize the slave trade prior to the West/Central African slave trade in the 1500s (where were they
taken, what was life like). Use specific details.

3. Environmental Knowledge

A. Explain the importance of monsoon winds:

4. Advances in Maritime Technology:

A. Explain the significance of:

● Lateen Sails:

● Stern Rudders:

● Astrolabes:

5. Growth of States:
A. How did the growth of states lead to further growth of trade?
 B. Explain how Melacca is an example of this.

Explain the Some of the factors that caused expansion of trade networks also became effects. Note important
effects of the information here using specific details and complete sentences.
growth of
networks of A. Diasporic Communities:
exchange after ● What is ‘diaspora’:
1200.

● Why did many Arab and East African merchants stay in Indian port cities?

○ How did this impact Southern Asia?

B. Response to Increased Demand:

● How did increased demand lead to the increased role of the state (government)?

○ How was Gujarat an example of this?

C. Swahili City States

● What were the Swahili City States? What were they referred to as in Arabic?

● What was the role of these city states - what did they trade/bring to the network?

● These city states became extremely wealthy - what evidence do we have of this?

D. Significant Cultural Transfers

● What does the chapter mean by ‘significant cultural transfers’ - what are those?

● Who was Zheng He? What was the purpose of his voyages?

● How did the voyages impact China and the Chinese government?
 ● Why did his voyages end?

● The end of his voyages marked strict isolation by the Ming Dynasty - what evidence do we
have of this?

● How can you use Zheng He’s voyages as an example of cultural transfers?

Explain the 1. Answer the following question about the role of environment in the expansion of networks of exchange.
role of
environmental A. Describe the role of environmental factors (geography, monsoon winds, etc) in expanding trade
factors in the networks.
development
of networks of
exchange
1200-1450.

UNIT 2.4| Trans-Saharan Trade Route

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) and Significance (Why this term matters)

1. Sahara Desert

2. Oases

3. Camel Saddles

4. Trans-Sahara Trade

5. Mali

6. Timbuktu

7. Sundiata

8. Mansa Musa

9. Songhay Kingdom
Objective Key Developments

Explain the A. What was life and trade like in the Sahara Desert prior to the early 1200s?
causes of the
growth of
Trans-Sahara
trade. B. Why did Muslim merchants travel on camels? Why were they better for travel than horses?

C. Which saddle had the greatest impact on trade - why?

D. How many trade routes were there across the Sahara Desert - what was their significance?

E. Certain commodities became famous along these routes. What was the most famous, and what else was
traded along this route?

● How did trading these items impact West Africa, particularly Ghana and Mali?

Explain the A. Why did Ghana decline? What took over?

effects of the
growth of
Trans-Sahara
trade. B. Why did Mali become more prosperous than Ghana ever had been?

C. Although most in Ghana were farmers cultivating sorghum and rice, other cities grew in prominence. Explain
the significance of Timbuktu to Mali.

D. How did the growth of trade and wealth give rise to an expanding role of states?

E. Who was Sundiata and why was he important? Give contextual information about this leader.
 F. Who was Mansa Musa and why was he important? Give contextual information about this leader.

G. How did Mansa Musa impact Mali through Islam?

H. What was the Songhay Kingdom, and how did it become more powerful than Mali?

Explain how A. Using the information from this section, explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and
the communication over time, particularly with the Trans-Sahara trade route.
expansion of
empires
influenced
trade and
communicati
on over time.