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Reka Karsa Journal © Itenas Architectural Engineering | No. 1 | Vol.

Online Journal of the National Institute of Technology April 2, 2014

A Study of the Tradition of Building Residential Buildings in the Area

Kampung Naga, Tasikmalaya in terms of the concept of sustainability
CASE STUDY: Residential Buildings in the Kampung Naga Area

Compiled by:
Meta Riany
Yorry Yuliana Karila
Shinta Destianti
Mochammad Ardi Prayoga
Part Piqhi

Email: tari@itenas.ac.id

Department of Architectural Engineering - Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning

the National Institute of Technology

ABSTRACT
An architectural work can be a complete proof of culture today, by increasing the quality of culture and
architecture so that it becomes proof for the future. Currently the condition of the earth is increasingly
apprehensive because of global warming, buildings are one of the causes of environmental damage. This study
is related to the sustainability of residential buildings in an area, aims to find out and understand whether
residential buildings in the Kampung Naga area are sustainable buildings and how the tradition of building
residential buildings in the Kampung Naga area is viewed from the aspect of sustainable buildings. This
research method is used with field research research methods. Based on the social aspect, the tradition of
building a house has good social interaction, from an economic aspect, the tradition of building a house is very
economical, and from an environmental aspect, the tradition of building a house can maintain environmental
balance. Thus residential buildings in the Kampung Naga area are sustainable buildings.

Keywords: Residential Buildings, Sustainable Buildings, Building Tradition, Dragon Village, Tasikmalaya.

ABSTRACT

An architecture work can be an intact proof of the old to today cultures with improving the quality of the
existing cultures and architectures, preserving the old culture and architecture to be the proof for the future
time.Now earth condition that has been increasingly damaged because of the global warming, buildings
become one of the causes of the environment damages.The study related with the sustainability of a residential
building in a region aims to find out and understand whether the residential buildings in the area of Kampung
Naga are sustainable buildings as well as how the tradition of building the residential buildings in Kampung
Naga as viewed from sustainable building aspect.The research method used in this study is field research
method. Based on the social aspect from the tradition of building the residential buildings has a good social
interaction, from the economical aspect, the tradition of building the residential buildings is very economic;
and from the environmental aspect, the tradition of building the residential buildings can preserve the
environmental balance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the residential buildings in Kampung Naga are
sustainable buildings.

Keywords :Residential building, sustainable building, building tradition, Kampung Naga, Tasikmalaya

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1. INTRODUCTION

Tasikmalaya, one of the areas in West Java Province, has an attraction for tourists. The
Tasikmalaya area is visited by many tourists, both domestic and foreign tourists because the
Tasikmalaya area has various kinds of tourist destinations, cultural tourism, historical
tourism, culinary tourism, to shopping tourism.
The Tasikmalaya area is famous for a cultural tourism area known as Kampung Naga.
Kampung Naga is located in the Neglasari Village area, Salawu District, Tasikmalaya Regency,
West Java Province.

Kampung Naga is a village inhabited by a group of people who are still very strong in
upholding their customs. According to several sources, one of them Mr. Tatang Sutisna,
Dragon Village can be an object of architectural study regarding buildings with sustainable
designs. The building design is made with a julang ngapak roof and umpak structures,
commonly known as stilt floors. The design has a meaning, which is believed by the residents
of Kampung Naga, as a design that combines environmental, economic, social and cultural
factors.
Buildings in the Kampung Naga area are dominated by natural materials, with roofs made of
dried palm fibers or palm fronds, walls made of bamboo booths, wooden columns, and stone
foundations. In terms of economic factors, the people of Kampung Naga make a living by
farming, farming, trading, crafts, and as a builder (builder).

This sustainable building study aims to know and understand the tradition of building
residential buildings in the Kampung Naga area which is reviewed according to the theory of
sustainability (economic, social and environmental) with the stages in residential buildings
in Kampung Naga.

The problems discussed in this study include: 1.

Residential buildings in the Kampung Naga area are not yet known to be sustainable or
unsustainable buildings.
2. The tradition of building residential buildings in the Kampung Naga area, Tasikmalaya which
viewed from the theory of sustainability.
Based on the problems above, the aims and objectives of the study are:
1. Understanding residential buildings in the Kampung Naga area which is
sustainable building.
2. Understand the tradition of building residential buildings in the Kampung Naga area.

The research method used in this study is to use the field research method. Field research is
a form of research that aims to reveal the meaning given by community members to their
behavior and the surrounding reality. The field research method is used when survey or
experimental methods are deemed impractical, or when the research field is still stretched so
broadly. Field research can also be positioned as opening the way for survey and experimental
methods. As well as using the method of comparing theory with valid data, namely the theory
of sustainability with the condition of buildings in Kampung Naga.

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Review of the Tradition of Building Residential Buildings in the Kampung Naga Area, Tasikmalaya
From the Sustainable Concept

2. BASIC THEORY

2.1TeoriSustainable Architecture

Sustainable architecture is an applied concept in the field of architecture to support the

concept of sustainability, namely the concept of maintaining natural resources to last longer,
which is associated with the age of the vital potential of natural resources and the human
ecological environment.
Three elements in sustainable architecture:

1. Environmental Sustainability
namely development that maintains natural resources so they can last longer due to
integration between ecosystems, which is linked to the age of the vital potential of
natural resources and the human ecological environment, such as climate, biodiversity,
and industry.

2. Economical Sustainbaility, namely development

with relatively low initial and operating costs. Apart from that, from an economic
point of view it can also bring profit, in addition to presenting benefits as mentioned
in the aspects previously mentioned. This development has productive characteristics
in terms of quantity and quality.

3. Social Sustainability
namely development that is able to maintain the character of the local social conditions.
But it would be even better if the development improves the social quality that already
exists. Everyone involved in the development, both as subjects and objects, must
receive fair treatment.

Sustainable Building is a building that is designed, built and operated with as little negative
impact on the environment as possible, or even has a positive impact on the environment,
while improving the health, welfare and quality of life of the occupants/users. (Lighthouse
Sustainable Building Centre; 2005).

Sustainable development also has a combined form of various responsible disciplines,

environmental issues which refer to the environmental, socio-economic effects of a building
or project built as a whole. The Sundanese people have local wisdom towards their environment
and the preservation of their customs. They live this local wisdom, continue to preserve it until
it is passed down from generation to generation until now.

The traditions of the Sundanese people that still exist and are still ongoing are traditions in
the procedures for building traditional Sundanese houses. Building traditions can be divided
into several stages, namely:

1. Deliberation Stage 2.
Foundation Work Stage 3. Floor
Work Stage 4. Frame Work Stage
5. Wall Work Stage 6. Roof Work
Stage

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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Analysis of the Tradition of Building Residential Buildings in the Kampung Naga Area
with Three Elements of Sustainable Architecture

No Variable Analysis of the Tradition of Building Conclusion

Residential Buildings in the Kampung Economy Social Environment
Naga Area with Three Elements of
Sustainable Architecture
1. Level Deliberation is one of the traditional In the we we In terms of the
Planning forms of the Kampung Naga community. economy, environment, the
This is one of the local wisdoms that is the Socially, this people of
owned and continues to be carried on for existence of this deliberation Kampung Naga
can
generations byNaga.
the people
The tradition
of Kampung
is mass deliberation makes for build houses and
in nature, to help families who are in need. makes the social maintain their
interaction
construction of houses to live in livelihood
Area between the because the
Kampung Naga residents of n

is more economical.Kampung Naga. people of

The purpose of the deliberation for This is seen as This tradition Kampung Naga
is to decide: the purpose of unites maintain good
deliberation differences and relations with
1. The land that will be used as a diversity into their environment.
building site. which prepares feel one and
2. Materials to build. all aspects of interest in
3. The size of the house to be built. development work to handin
hand.
4. Implementation costs.

2. Level The people of Kampung Naga who want In we From a social From an
to build a house must prepare the land point of view,
the environmental
Preparation • Selection
for construction. The land is usually economics, choice of place point of view, the
The place inherited/owned land or yards for housing place this aims to make this selection of thethis
(with the permission of the land owner). selection aims to the land to be place aims to
Land that contains the possibility of be non-existent built right. land
The make the land to
disputes or land whose ownership is expenses as is legal land, be built right.
unclear is prohibited from being a result of which is not The land is land
developed. sanctions for land
violations due to it is
meant for
build a
house on the grounddispute. development
dispute. Thus is not
Thus the rice fields.
costs dispute With

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Review of the Tradition of Building Residential Buildings in the Kampung Naga Area, Tasikmalaya
From the Sustainable Concept

so
issued society
between communities in
for Area Kampung Naga
development Dragon will not
will be even more Village no food
effective and happened. shortages and
efficient. are protected
from natural disasters.
• Procurement In building a house in the Kampung In the we In we In the we
Material Naga area, the right materials are economy, social, environment,
needed so that the house to be built the material the procurement
remains sturdy for a long period of time. procurement of this procurementthis of this material is

material is obtained is done carried out automatically

from the forest who regularly group.
These materials must be prepared six are nearby group. In the process
months or three months before building Area Thus of procuring
the house in stages. These materials Naga village. these materials,
are wood, bamboo, and palm fiber. Wood or bamboo the the most suitable
is taken by material materials or
cutting wood or procurement materials are
bamboo trees process good for use.
with a machete. continues
Thus the because of the
expenditure on shoulder work process
Thus
materials will be shoulder to shoulder the material
more economical procurement
and helping process does not
each other, damage the
so social environment.
more efficient. relations
the people in
the Kampung
Naga area are
maintained.

3. Level At the construction stage, it begins Viewed from the side Viewed from the side Viewed from the side
Development with foundation work. The foundation For the economy, From a social environment,
• Jobs of a residential house in the Kampung the pedestal perspective, the pedestal
Foundation Naga area uses pedestal foundations. stones are building stones were
On the foundation using pedestal obtained from foundations obtained from
stones, which function in residential areas close to makes for social areas close to
buildings in Kampung Naga. Kampung Naga interaction the settlements
settlements so among of Kampung
The base foundation is good for use that they are residents of Naga residents.
on soils containing sand, in humid more economical. Kampung The stone
mountainous areas with soil that is not Naga. Thus the does not go
too dry. The structure used for the Thus relationship through a
foundation of residential buildings in costs for between fellow chemical process
Kampung Naga is the pedestal foundation work citizens can be so that
foundation with a height of 40cm – can be reduced. maintained environmental
60cm with a depth of 10cm. properly. sustainability is
well maintained.

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• Jobs After doing the foundation work, the In we On the social In the we
Order next step is the work on the frame. This economy, side, there are environment
work starts with making the satimang , this frame various The
namely the work of installing the parts of the work is more framework jobsthis frame work
house which consist of pananggeuy poles , economical. Thing process is this

paneer, and or in Pangeret language, this is due friendly

Indonesian, by installing the parts of the in the process of kinds
columns, beams,house
andwhich
trusses.consist
The of: workmanship of social environmentbecause
framework is installed on the ground (not wages are limited
the interactions. in the process,
yet erected) or known as ngarancak. no When every the materials
citizen lives needed are
but based side by side in obtained from the
on the one area around the
developer's territory and Kampung Naga Area.
policy. having social Thus
After the construction of the resulting While in contacts, so the process of
plank was erected by placing the lower the treatment that people this work still
end of the pillars. The next step is to process not too cannot be maintains the
install other parts of the house, namely separated from balance of the
pamikul and paneer. troublesome, greeting each environmental
because other, working ecosystem in the
The next stage in the work of making the when the structure together, area.
frame is the installation of the is still in the form helping each
tarumpahadeg in the middle of the upper of a frame, the costs other and even
part and the towing part. The next stage incurred will be having feelings
in the work of making a frame is the more efficient.
installation of heat.
fate and
share
responsibility.
Thus the
workmanship
of the framework
this

has
level
of social interaction
the highest.

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Review of the Tradition of Building Residential Buildings in the Kampung Naga Area, Tasikmalaya
From the Sustainable Concept

• Jobs After the framework work, the next stage Viewed from the Viewed from From an
Roof is the roof work. economic side, the social side, environmental point
This roof has a function as a shade as roofing work in roofing work of view, the
well as retaining water when it rains so it makes there is a lot of construction ofroof
the is more
doesn't enter the house. The roofing expenses become interaction friendly
material comes from palm fiber as a cover more economical. Thing environment.
as well as tepus leaves as a complement. this is due to social. In Because the
Ijuk and tepus leaves are obtained from a work In this wood and
forest which is located not far from the installation process bamboo used are
Kampung Naga area. of the roof is there is durable and long
carried out after social contact lasting.
frame between the
work roof workers on ground
the
finished. charge and the roof, Of Meanwhile, fibers
will more between the and tepus as
save, initiators coverings have a
energy use plan roof
lasts quite that
a long
will be less, development time.
with the
and surroundings. Thus
spending Thus a forest
more effectively good exploitation can
and efficiently. relationship be suppressed.
Therefore among others

the roof work is stay awake.

over
economical.
• Jobs The next stage after the roof work stage, In terms of In From an
Floor during the construction
work stage.
stage,
anFloor
emergency
is the
workfloor
is economy, the terms from social,
environmental
stage as the installation of a floor stand. floor is made of the point of view, the floor
from bamboo floor made of bamboo
and wood taken
from manufacturing and wood taken
the area around process, there from
the area around
Kampung Naga are many the village
Floors here are made of wood or whole so that expenses interactions
bamboo, generally made of round bamboo can be much social. Dragon so does
(to save costs and to increase spring more economical. In the not need
resistance as soil anchors). manufacturing
process there Forest exploitation
The installation is tied with rope or rattan, Thus are two social is also a chemical
in the old days, or directly nailed to the spending between contacts
process. Thus
panangguy or gagalur, in the present day. costs will be more people.or the floor work
more efficient, Process process remains
effective, and the installation
efficient. also has a lot maintain
of social the balance of
contacts. Process the natural ecosystem
after that in the
there was also neighborhood.
a lot of social
contact, where
when the floor
it's
done, people

village
Dragons will
use the floor
an

the
while
talking.

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• Jobs After the floor work, proceed to the From an Seen from From an
Wall wall work. The walls used in the economic point In terms of environmental
Kampung Naga area are cubicle walls. of view, the bamboo booths
social, wall point of view, the
The wall is often called a bamboo obtained from work there is a wall originates
from
booth because the material for the the area around lot of social bamboo found
booth is partly made of bamboo. The the Kampung interaction. in the area
chambers are woven in a sasag pattern. Naga area so it This matter
After that, the room is colored with is more Area
dimeni or whitewashed. economical. seen during Kampung Naga
Thus the wall so that there is
spending installation no need for
costs will process there forest
be more efficient. will be social exploitation.
contact between Thus
two more environmental
or people. sustainability
Thus can be maintained.
in the
process of
working on
the walls there
are various

like
social interactions
and maintaining
interpersonal
relationships

Dragon
Village
residents.

In accordance with the comparison table, the three basic theories of sustainable
architecture (building) with the tradition of building residential buildings in the Kampung Naga
area are evident from the three aspects having a positive impact in terms of economic, environmental a

4. KESI MPULAN

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that several things
regarding the Study of the Tradition of Building Residential Buildings in the Kampung
Naga Area are dominated by natural materials. The roof is made of palm fiber or dry
coconut leaves, the walls are made of bamboo booths, the columns are made of wood,
and the foundation is made of stone, and so on.

In accordance with the problems that arise, it can be concluded that residential
buildings in the Kampung Naga area are sustainable buildings.

Judging from the tradition of building residential buildings, this study is based
on elements of Sustainable Architecture in the aspect of the tradition of building
residential buildings, seen from:

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Review of the Tradition of Building Residential Buildings in the Kampung Naga Area, Tasikmalaya
From the Sustainable Concept

1. Social:
It can be said to be sustainable because from a social point of view, this
building tradition involves many parties or the Kampung Naga community itself
by means of deliberations for choosing a place, procuring materials, and also
the people of Kampung Naga working together to build residential buildings so
that this can happen. social interaction between the people
andofalso
Kampung
the process
Naga of
introducing and educating the culture of Kampung Naga. In the process of
choosing a place/site determination, there is a process to maintain peace, to
avoid disputes between Kampung Naga communities. In the process of procuring
materials, there is a process of cooperation between the people of Kampung
Naga. In the development process there is a process of cooperation, hand in
hand helping each other.

2. Economy:
It can be said to be sustainable because from an economic point of view,
the tradition of building residential houses in the Kampung Naga area started
with deliberations, there is an economic process in calculating all aspects of
development so that the costs can be estimated. In the process of choosing a
place/site determination, there is a process of saving costs due to unnecessary
costs originating from sanctions due to disputed land disputes. The building
materials for the Kampung Naga residence were obtained from the area around
the Kampung Naga area which can be reached on foot. The development process
is also carried out in stages with due care so that costs will be more effective
and efficient by avoiding expenses due to negligence.

3. Environment :
It can be said to be sustainable because from an environmental point of
view, the tradition of building houses in the Kampung Naga area, which stems
from the tradition of deliberation, in the planning stage, is one of the local
wisdoms of the people in the Kampung Naga area. This is because the people of
Kampung Naga have the principle of living with nature, not just living in nature.
Thus, based on these things, it can be said that residential buildings in the
Kampung Naga area are sustainable buildings.

Thus it can be said that residential buildings live in the area

Kampung Naga sustainable building

Recommendation

Based on the conclusions of the research, which examines sustainable building in the
tradition of building residential buildings in the Kampung Naga Tasikmalaya area, it was found
that the tradition of building residential buildings in the Kampung Naga Tasikmalaya area has
a high percentage level of sustainability. This can be seen from the tradition of building
residential buildings in the Kampung Naga area which contain many elements of local wisdom.

In this local wisdom there are social aspects, economic aspects, and environmental
aspects. This tradition requires the people of Kampung Naga to think about perfecting the
process of always caring about the environment.

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Based on the conclusions of research in studying sustainable building which is

concentrated on the tradition of building buildings in Kampung Naga, this is the basis for
research on symbolism cosmology in the form of the Upper World, Middle World and Underworld
in residential buildings. So that it can be an example of recommendations for other buildings
so that they can be like buildings in Kampung Naga, in terms of Sustainable Architecture in
accordance with the social, environmental and economic aspects of the building.

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