ME 301 MECHANICS OF MACHINERY

L9 Universal joint and Geneva mechanism

 Overview
Hooke's law
Geneva mechanism
 Universal -Hooke's joint
Taper Pin Taper Pin Collar
Fork
Collar

Fork
eache
Cchteas
Shaft

Key
Shaft Centre Block
Pin

Pin
Key Centre Block

htps://www.youtube.comwatch?v=LCMZ:6YhbOQ

ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery 3

 Universal or Hooke's Joint
Axis 2
Body 1

Body 2

1
Axis 1

A Hooke's joint is used to connect two non parallel intersecting shafts.

The end of each shaft is forked to U-type and each fork provides two bearings for the
arms of a cross. The arms of the cross are perpendicular to each other. The motion is
transmitted from the driving shaft to driven shaft through a cross. The inclination of the
two shafts may be constant, but in actual practice it varies, when the motion is
transmitted.
The main application of the Universal or Hooke's joint is found in the transmission from
the gear box to the differential or back axle of the automobiles. It is also used for
transmission of power to different spindles of multiple drilling machine. It is also used
as a knee joint in milling machines.

ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery

 e,o tan p EC/EO
tan EC, |EO

Inout
EC{
EC
Axis of output shat
ec
ec
C ec
1
Axis of input shat
A ecfl ec

COS a

A
Path of A D Path of C tan = COS C tan p
and B and D

ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery 5

Angular Velocity Ratio
Let a - angular velocity of driving shaft

a, ngular velocity of driving shaft2

Ct
Differentiating Eq. 6A with respect to time 4

d¹ldt
cos a see

cos? cos ad+ an)

tan Can
cOSa E

cos
sin
cosa
o
cos² 8 cos a
cos cos a(o cos a +sin 9)

cos² (-sin a) +sin

Path of A Path of C
and B and D
cos-cos? @
sina+sin e

(6.5)
ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery 6
 Condition for equal speed
Ois unity when cOS a
1- sin a cos2A l
cos a= 1 - sin² cos²
1- cos a
cos? =
sin a
1- cos a
| -cos
l- cos a
(1+ cos a)(l-cos a)

1+ cos a
sin 0+ cos²
1+cos a

cos² sin +
cos
1+ cos a
sin 8_l=l+cos a
cos
tan = cos X
tan = t ycos a

ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery

 Conditions for maximum and minimum speed of driven shaft
0, cos Qa
1-cos0. sin a
2is minimum when the denominator of is maximum,
i.t. (1 - sin a cos² 6) is maximum.
This is so when cos² is minimum,
or =90° or 270°
is minimum = COS a
Then, = cOS 0

is maximum when the denominator is minimum,

i.e. (1 - sin a cos² 6) is minimum,

O= 0° or 180°

cos a cos a
cOs a
is maximumi cos a COS O
1- sin a

8
ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery
 Maximum variation of velocity of the driven shaft

Maximum variation of velocity of the driven shaft of its mean velocity

max@2 min
Wmcan
But omean of the driven shaft is equal to the angular
velocity a, of the driving shaft as both the shafts complete +
cOs a
one revolution in the same period of time. (Min)
a, / cosa-0, cos a
Maximum variation (6.9)
1- cos a
COS a
sin a (Max)
cos a
Flg. 6.28
tan a sin a (6.10)
If ais small, i.e., the angle between the axes of the two shafts is small,
sin a= tan a a
MMaximum variation a
(The mean speed is not equal to ma min- as the variation of speed is not linear throughout the
rotation of the driven shaft.) 2

ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery