Copyright © 2021 Siddharth Patel

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Created by - Siddharth Patel (AMCMET)
Bhaumik Patel (AMCMET)
Published On: - September 2021

PREFACE
 The questions were asked in GUJARAT University examination from year
2021 - 2003 mostly those all are arranged in this document by their topics
and sections.

 “YEAR-I” and “YEAR-II” pattern shows examination of major batch and

minor batch.

 Sign of ‘ * ’ indicates that question was asked as 5 marks question in that

year which is mentioned.

 Questions of year 2020, 2021 are shown in italic and underlined manner.

 This document is useful as softcopy, very easy to find and search.

 In the form of hardcopy is also very easy to use because mostly all questions
of the one topic are mentioned in only one page.

 Questions of the subject Pharmacology (2015-II , 2010-I, 2007-II, 2004-II)

, Microbiology (2010-I, 2005-II)and Pathology (2015-I-II, 2008-II ) are
not mentioned due to absence of papers.

 In document there are so many questions which have the same pattern or
same and I did mention it separately. Watch out frequently asked questions
and highlight them.

 There are some spelling mistakes, disarrangement of the question in the

topic and that’s why comment and suggestion will be appreciated from the
users for further improvement.

 If you are using these document for exam preparation then submit your
Name and college in the form. - https://forms.gle/6k6kdG51bx6niyfk6
 NOTE
Hello, I can't guarantee you will ask these questions in your examination but
according to my experience in university examination questions were mostly
asked from previous years papers. Aside from my documents there are so many
documents, you can use those pdf but it's up to you. Lastly, I want to say do smart
work when you have less time and less preparation. Guys we are also thinking
about you microbiology systemic pattern and also we will work on it after our
exam. But you don’t completely depend on us. We help you but preparation is
done by you.
Thank you
By,
Siddharth Patel
Mo. - +917041301167
Email - patelsiddharth360@gmail.com
AMC MET medical college (LG Hospital), Ahmedabad

Bhaumik Patel
Mo. - +919664502716
Email - bhaumik6102000@gmail.com
AMC MET medical college (LG Hospital), Ahmedabad
Pharmacology
paper 1
 General pharmacology
Kinetics of drug elimination (2021-I, 2019-II)
Factors affecting bioavailability / bioavailability (2006-I, 2019-I, 2018-I*, 2017-I, 2016-II, 2012-I*,
2014-I)
Microsomal enzyme induction - drug consideration, drug clearance (2004-II, 2006-II, 2009-I, 2018-I,
2013-II)
Drug antagonisms and its clinical relevance (2003-II*, 2004-II, 2007-I, 2017-II, 2015-II*, 2011-I)
Merits and demerits of enteral route of administration (2016-I, 2009-I*)
Factors affecting drug metabolism, clinical significance (2014-II*)
Anaphylactic shock - use of adrenaline (2020-I, 2008-II*, 2009-I*, 2014-I, 2006-I, 2005-I, 2004-I)
Describe the methods of prolonging the duration of action of drug (2012-II)
Order of kinetics acting suitable example, clinical significance (2011-II)
Plasma half-life - clinical significance (2018-I, 2020-I, 2020-II, 2011-II)
Clinical relevance of hepatic microsomal enzyme (2010-II)
1st pass metabolism - drug high 1st pass metabolism (2020-II, 2010-I)
Teratogenicity Thalidomide disaster (2008-I, 2010-I, 2009-II, 2006-II)
Iatrogenicity/ Iatrogenic disorder prevent them (2008-II, 2010-I, 2009-II)
Pharmacogenetics (2020-I (paper2), 2020-I, 2008-II, 2005-II*)
Enterohepatic circulation of drug (2006-I, 2005-I)
Volume of distribution of a drug and its significance (2006-I)
Plasma protein binding, drug its significance (2005-II*, 2004-I)
Steady state concentration of drug & clinical significance (2005-II*)
Transdermal route of administration of drug (2021-I, 2004-II)
Sublingual route of administration of drug (2003-I*)
Briefly- therapeutic window phenomena, orphan drug (2014-II)
Various methods of prolonging the effects of drug (2006-I*)
Adverse drug effect - prevent adverse drug effects (2008-I)
Clinical trial of drug (2021-I, 2005-I*, 2003-II*) G – Protein couple receptors (2020-I)
Therapeutic drug monitoring (2015-II, 2014-I) Drug induced disease (2017-I)
Prodrug (2014-II*) Pharmacovigilance (2020-I, 2016-I)
Drug synergisms & antagonism (2008-I) Drug dependence (2016-I)
Essential drug list (2009-I*, 2006-II, 2003-I*) ‘P’ drug (2013-II*, 2007-II)
Relevance of ph in drug absorption (2013-I) Drug interactions (2012-II, 2005-I*)
Receptors (2019-II) Drug interaction (2005-I*)
Bio transformation reaction (2018-II) Fixed dose combination (2007-I)
G- protein coupled receptors (2006-I, 2004-I) Tachyphylaxis (2007-II)
Drug tolerance (2003-I*)

Kidney
Thiazide diuretics - indication and adverse effects (2009-II)
Furosemide - mech. Action, uses (2021-I*, 2015-II*)
Clinical limitation to use of thiazide / therapeutic uses, adr (2014-II, 2010-II)
Bethanechol in post operative retention in urine (2005-II)
Different classes of diuretics for various indications (2013-I*)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - action, uses (2012-II)
Classify diuretics (2021-I*, 2015-II*, 2014-II)
Potassium sparing diuretics (2018-II, 2008-II)
High ceiling diuretics (2014-I, 2008-I)
Mannitol - action, uses, adverse effects (2012-I*)
Mannitol in acute renal failure (2003-I)
Adverse effects of loop diuretics (2018-I)
 Autonomic nervous system
Alpha blocker - clinical use (2021-I, 2019-II, 2019-I, 2017-II, 2009-I)
Myasthenia gravis - drug treatment (2004-II, 2019-II, 2011-I, 2010-I*, 2009-I, 2007-II*)
Anticholinergic drug – classification, uses (2019-I, 2010-I)
Atropine - mechanism of action, pharma. Action, therapeutic use, adverse effects (2019-I*, 2013-I*)
Chronic simple glaucoma - drug therapy (2006-II, 2007-I*, 2019-I, 2009-II)
Treatment of organophosphorus poisoning - emphasising (2020-II, 2018-II, 2017-I, 2011-I*, 2011-II*,
2016-II, 2007-II*, 2009-I*, 2006-II*)
Beta blockers- indication & contraindications (2011-I, 2010-I, 2018-II)
Epinephrine - pharma. Action, clinical use, adverse effects (2017-II*, 2015-II*)
Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma (2020-I*, 2018-II, 2015-II, 2010-II)
Cardioselective beta blockers - compare atenolol with propranolol (2009-II)
Treatment of acute narrow angle glaucoma (2008-II*)
Pharmacological use of preferred ‘p’ anticholinergic drug (2008-I)
Atropine in pre anaesthetic medication (2004-II)
Therapeutic uses of cholinesterase inhibitors (2013-I)
Propranolol is preferred with justification (2009-II)
Contraindications of propranolol (2012-I)
Latanoprost – action, uses, adverse effects (2020-I*)
Acetazolamide - therapeutic use, adverse effects (2017-I)
Preanesthetic medication - name, dose, route (2016-II)
Compare & contrast - metoprolol/atenolol (2016-II)
Beta adrenoreceptors blocker - classify (2016-I*)
Clinical uses of reversible anticholinesterases (2012-I)
Mixed alpha & beta adrenergic antagonists (2010-II)
Management of acute congestive glaucoma (2011-II*, 2004-I)
Merits and demerits of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (2016-I)
Use of prostaglandin analogues in glaucoma (2013-II)
Neostigmine - mech. Action, therapeutic use, adverse effects (2013-II)
Propranolol - pharma. Action, adverse effects, therapeutic use (2012-I, 2014-I*, 2016-I*)
Sympathomimetic drug - classify (2017-II*) Selective beta blocker (2020-II)
Nasal decongestant (2019-II) Physostigmine in glaucoma (2003-I)
Atropine substitute (2014-II) Miotics (2004-II*)
Neostigmine in myasthenia gravis (2011-II) Glaucoma (2010-II*)
Lifesaving use of adrenaline (2019-I) Scopolamine in motion sickness (2003-II)
Drug used in open angle glaucoma (2018-I)

Somatic
Classify skeletal muscle relaxants - mech. Action, clinical use, adverse effects (2018-I*)
Compare and contrast - d-tubocurarine / succinylcholine (2017-II)
Classification , Uses & techniques of local anaesthesia (2017-II)
Succinylcholine - therapeutic uses, adverse effects (2017-I)
Lignocaine - mech. Action, therapeutic use, adverse effects (2012-II)
Pre anaesthetic medication (2007-II)
Atropine in preanesthetic medication (2004-II)
Short acting muscle relaxants (2010-II)
 Autacoids
Treatment of migraine headache (2019-II, 2010-II*, 2007-I*)
H1 anti histaminic - uses & adverse effects (2020-II, 2019-I, 2011-I)
Therapeutic uses of prostaglandins analogues (2010-II, 2012-I, 2017-II, 2018-II)
Drug of migraine - classify pharma. Action, therapeutic uses, adverse effects (Sumatriptem) (2017-II*)
Aspirin - therapeutic use, adverse effects (2021-I*, 2009-II, 2012-I, 2014-I, 2018-II*, 2014-I*)
Seconds generation (newer) antihistaminic (2014-I)
Immunomodulators acting via TNF alpha in rheumatoid arthritis / methotrexate (2013-I, 2007-I)
How will you select on analgesic for a patient who have past history of acid peptic diseases, mention
dose & administration route (2008-II)
Compare & contrast - ibuprofen & etoricoxib (2016-II)
Compare & contrast - aspirin & paracetamol (2015-II)
Management of acute attacks of migraine(2016-I) Selective cox2 inhibitors (2013-II, 2004-I*)
5HT3 receptors antagonists in therapy (2021-I) Ergotamine in acute migraine (2005-II)
Paracetamol overdose drug treatment (2020-I) Drug treatment of gout (2020-I, 2020-II)
Nimesulide in inflammatory pain (2007-II) Allopurinol (2005-II)
Indications of aspirin (2006-II) Classify NSAIDS (2021-I*, 2018-II*)

Blood
Low molecular weight heparin - advantages, uses, action (2021-I, 2019-I, 2015-I, 2014-I*, 2011-I)
Mechanism of action, any uses of antiplatelet drugs (2018-II)
Folic acid - use in pregnancy, case of CHD (2017-II, 2013-I, 2006-I)
Heparin – action, uses, adverse effects (2021-II*, 2017-I)
Parenteral iron - preparation, indication, precausation, adverse effects (2020-II, 2016-II, 2015-II, 2014-I,
2013-II, 2011-II, 2011-I, 2009-II, 2006-II, 2003-I)
Pharmacological basis uses of glycoprotein iib/iiia receptors antagonist in thrombolytics disorders
(2008-I)
Aspirin - uses, route, duration, as - antiplatelet in patients of MI (2008-I, 2003-II)
Vitamin K in overdose of bishydroxycoumarin (dicumarol) (2007-I)
Warfarin - pharma use, dose, route, patient of MI (2009-II)
Compare & contrast - heparin & warfarin (2020-II, 2015-II, 2012-I*)
Haemotopoietic growth factors (2020-I) Warfarin in thromboembolism (2006-II)
Classify anticoagulants (2021-II*, 2014-II) Iron therapy (2005-I)
Direct thrombin inhibitors (2013-II*) Leucovorin rescue (2016-I)
Warfarin in deep vein thrombosis (2011-II) Erythropoietin (2016-I)
Iron + folic acid in anemia of pregnancy (2003-II) Streptokinase in MI (2004-I)
Drug treatment of megaloblastic anaemia(2009-I) Treatment of hypovolemic shock (2006-I*)
Drug treatment of anaemia (2010-II*) Prednisolone in rheumatoid arthritis (2003-I)
Vitamin K (2010-II) Oral anticoagulant (2011-I)
HMG - coa reductase inhibitors (2007-I)

Others
Notes on various heparin preparation & analogues (2012-II)
Tamsulosin in benign prostatic hyperplasia (2004-I)
Give example of uterine stimulants enlist their uses (2010-I)
Counter irritants (2017-I)
Dicyclomine in abdominal colic (2003-I)
Drug treatment of H.pylori infection (2017-I)
Misoprostol (2016-I) Therapy of scorpion bite (2013-II)
Penicillamine (2016-I) Chelation of heavy metals (2004-I*)
 Central nervous system
Classify antidepressants drugs (2019-II*, 2019-I*)
Fluoxetine - mech. Action, pharma. Action, uses, adverse effects (2019-II*, 2019-I*)
Pharmacotherapy of status epilepticus (2020-II, 2019-I)
Classify antiepileptic drug (2018-II*, 2014-II*)
Phenytoin - mech. Action, pharma. Action, uses, adverse effects (2018-II*, 2013-I, 2011-I)
Classify sedative hypnotics (2018-I*, 2016-I*)
Benzodiazepines - mech. Action, clinical use, adverse effects (2018-I*, 2013-I, 2011-I)
Pharmacotherapy of alcohol withdrawal (2018-I, 2012-I, 2008-I)
Classify opioid analgesics (2020-II*, 2017-II*, 2017-I*)
Morphine - action on CNS, smooth muscle, clinical implications (2020-II*, 2017-I*, 2017-II*)
Sodium valproate in epilepsy (2016-II, 2014-II*, 2012-I*, 2009-I, 2007-I*)
Diazepam - pharma. Action, uses, adverse effects (2016-I*, 2014-I*)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) (2008-I, 2015-II, 2014-I, 2003-I)
Compare and contrast - ether / halothane (2014-II)
Classify agents which are used in Parkinsonism (2021-I*, 2009-II, 2014-II)
Non epileptic uses of antiepileptic drug explaining rational for each of the use (2013-II*)
Levodopa in Parkinsonism - its advantages and disadvantages (2021-I*, 2012-II*)
Therapeutic uses of carbamazepine (2010-II)
Pharmacotherapy of tonic clonic seizures - dose, duration, withdrawal schedule (grand mal epilepsy)
(2009-II*, 2006-II*)
Drug treatment of acute methyl alcohol poisoning (2020-II, 2008-II)
Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of lithium (2008-II)
Fluoxetine in endogenous depression (2007-II*, 2006-II)
Carbamazepine in grand mal epilepsy (2007-II)
COMT inhibitors in Parkinson’s disease (2006-I)
Nitrous oxide - merits and demerits as anaesthetic agent (2005-II)
Merits & demerits of spinal anaesthesia (2016-I, 2007-I)
Phenytoin sodium - action, adverse effects (2014-I)
Pharmacotherapy of farm laborer exposed by insecticide while spraying in the farm (2008-I)
Treatment of morphine poisoning giving relevant pharmacotherapy of naloxone (2006-I)
Difference - Barbiturates and benzodiazepines (2012-I)
Pharmacotherapy of cobra bite (neurotoxic snake bite) (2008-I*)
Adverse effects of chlorpromazine (2005-II) Phenytoin sodium (2005-I)
Treatment of parkinsonism (2019-II, 2010-I*) Ketamine (2005-I)
Drug treatment of insomnia (2020-I) Pentazocine (2005-I)
Intravenous anaesthetic (2018-I) Clozapine (2005-I)
Atypical antipsychotics (2017-II) Benzodiazepines (2004-II*)
Dopamine (2019-I, 2007-II) Newer anaesthetic (2004-I*)
Classify Antipsychotic drug (2020-I*) Methadone in opioid de-addiction (2003-II)
Rivastigmine (2017-II) Selegiline (2003-II)
Propofol (2017-I) Neurolept analgesia (2004-II, 2003-II)
Mivacurium (2016-II) Gabapentin (2003-II)
Dissociative anaesthesia (2015-II) Atropine substitutes for Parkinson (2003-I)
Halothane (2012-II) Treatment of pulmonary oedema (2011-I)
Uses of diazepam (2011-II) Pharmacotherapy of absence seizure (2009-I*)
Imipramine (2005-II) Antitussive agents (2003-I)
Buspirone in anxiety (2007-I)
 Cardiovascular system
Classify antianginal drug (2020-II*, 2019-II*, 2019-I*)
Atenolol - mech. Action, pharma. Action, uses, adverse effects (2019-I*)
Drug treatment of left ventricular failure (2019-II)
Classify anti-hypertensive drug (2020-I*, 2018-II*, 2017-I*)
Amlodipine – action, uses, adverse effects (2020-I*)
Captopril - mech. Action, pharma. Action, uses, adverse effects (2018-II*)
Drugs for controlling hypertension in pregnancy (2018-I)
Compare & contrast hydrochlorothiazide / furosemide (2017-II)
ACE inhibitors – classify, action, uses, adverse effects (2011-I, 2016-II*, 2021-I, 2004-II*, 2017-I*, 2013-I)
Enalapril - mech. Action, uses, adverse effects (2006-II, 2016-II*, 2013-II)
Classify drug used in the treatment of dyslipidemia (2013-I, 2016-II*, 2016-I*)
Atorvastatin - actions, uses, adverse effects (2016-II*, 2016-I*)
Compare & contrast - verapamil and nifedipine (2015-II, 2013-II)
Nitreats - mech. Action, uses, adr (2020-II*, 2014-II, 2019-II*, 2015-II)
Mech. Of action - use of aspirin and clopidogrel in coronary heart disease (2009-II, 2013-I)
Mech. Of action of synergistic effects of statins and ezetimibe in treatment of dyslipidemia (2013-I)
AT1 - receptor antagonist - uses, action, side effects (2013-I)
List uses of calcium channel blockers (2012-II, 2012-I, 2010-I)
Morphine on left ventricular failure (2011-II, 2004-I)
Loop diuretics in congestive heart failure (2011-II)
Acute myocardial infarction - treatment (2011-I*)
Treatment of congestive heart failure (2009-II*)
Drug choice, dose, route, patient having acute attack if angina pectoris (2010-II, 2009-I)
Use of beta blockers in chronic congestive failure (2008-II)
Drug of choice, dose, route - patient suffering from moderately severe hypertension (2008-II)
Use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in congestive heart failure (2008-I, 2006-I*)
Drug treatment of mild (stage-1) hypertension (2007-II*)
Verapamil in paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (2007-II)
Adenosine in PSVT (paroxysmal supra - ventricular tachycardia) (2007-I)
Digoxin in heart failure with atrial fibrillation (2006-II, 2005-II)
Lignocaine in ventricular tachycardia (2006-I)
Thiazide diuretics in hypertension (2006-I)
Glyceryl trinitrate in angina pectoris (2005-I)
Sodium nitroprusside in hypertensive emergences (2005-I)
Aspirin in myocardial infarction (2004-II)
Lignocaine in ventricular arrhythmias (2004-I)
Captopril in congestive heart failure (2003-I)
Mech. Action of digitalis - management, its toxicity (2012-II)
Therapeutic uses of calcium channel blockers (2012-II)
Cardiovascular effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline (2012-II)
Modifying drug used in rheumatoid arthritis (2003-I)
HMG - coA reductase inhibitors (2010-II) Dopamine in cardiac failure (2005-I)
Drug treatment of hypertension (2010-II*) Atenolol in hypertension (2003-II)
Clonidine (2007-I) Aspirin in prevention of IHD (2003-II)
Propranolol in hypertension (2005-II) Digoxin in congestive heart failure (2004-II)
Frusemide (furosemide) (2010-I, 2009-I) Digoxin - pharma. Action, uses (2018-II, 2014-II)
Pharmacology
paper 2
 Endocrine
Classify oral hypoglycemic drug (2012-I*, 2021-I*, 2019-II*, 2017-II*, 2017-I*)
Metformin - action, pharma. Action, uses, adverse effects (2021-I*, 2019-II*, 2017-II*, 2017-I*)
New insulins preparation (2020-I*, 2019-II, 2005-II)
Adverse effects on glucocorticoids (2021-I)
SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulators) (2019-II, 2019-I, 2014-II, 2010-II)
Classify corticosteroids (2020-II*, 2019-I*, 2016-I*)
Hydrocortisone - action, pharma, Action, uses, adverse effects (2019-I*)
Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (2006-II*, 2004-I*, 2021-II, 2020-II, 2019-I, 2010-II*)
Pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis (2018-II, 2013-I, 2008-I, 2005-II, 2004-I)
Classify insulin analogues (based on duration of action) (2018-I, 2013-II*)
Vitamin D formulations / in osteoporosis (2018-I, 2011-II)
Current status of DPP4 inhibitors in diabetes treatment (2018-I)
Adverse effect with long term systemic corticosteroid (2018-I)
Classify drugs used in the treatment of thyroid (2016-II*)
Carbimazole - action, uses, adverse effects (2003-I, 2004-I, 2016-II*)
Glimepiride - action, uses, adverse effects (2016-II, 2016-I*)
Prednisolone - action, uses, adverse effects (2016-I*)
Classify drug used in treatment of diabetes mellitus (2016-I*)
Classify glucocorticoids - life saving uses, adverse effects (2020-II*, 2015-I, 2015-II*, 2014-I, 2010-II,
2008-I, 2003-II)
Uses of estrogen - progesterone combination (2012-II)
Compare & contrast - oxytocin / ergometrine (2011-II)
Classify drug used in type -2 diabetes mellitus (2009-II)
Drug treatment of acute adrenaline insufficiency (crisis) (2008-II*)
Emergency contraceptives (2021-II, 2020-II, 2018-I)
Uses and misuses of anabolic steroids (2008-II)
Indication and adverse effects of progestin (2008-II)
Pharmacotherapy of diabetic coma (2008-I*)
Tamoxifen citrate in breast carcinoma (2007-I)
Propylthiouracil in hyperthyroidism (2006-II)
Iodine (lugol’s solution) is used in few days before thyroid surgery (2006-I)
Sulfonylurea derivatives are not effective in type - I (juvenile) diabetes mellitus (2006-I)
Ergometrine in postpartum haemorrhage (2005-II, 2003-II)
Minipill(progestin) for prevention of pregnancy (2005-II)
Oxytocin during inducing labour (2020-II, 2005-I, 2003-I)
Hormone replacement therapy in post menopausal women (2020-I, 2003-I)
Step to minimize HPA axis suppression (2009-I)
Adverse effects of corticosteroid (2009-II)
Adverse drug effects of oral contraceptive pill (2009-I, 2011-II*)
Iodides & radioactive iodine - action, adverse effects, precursor (2015-I*)
Non - contraceptive advantages of oral contraceptive pills (2015-II)
Glucocorticoids - effects on cardiovascular, immune system (2014-II)
Indication and adverse effects of insulin therapy (2014-I)
Radioactive iodine - advantages & disadvantages (2003-II, 2008-I, 2009-I, 2012-I, 2014-I, 2005-I)
Drug for thyrotoxic crisis (2021-II, 2013-II, 2007-I*)
Oxytocin - action, routes, uses, adverse effect (2021-II*, 2013-II)
The rationale of mifepristone and misoprostol in medical termination of pregnancy (2013-I*)
Mechanism and limitation iodide salt as antithyroid agent (2013-I)
Vitamin E (2016-I)
Mifepristone (2015-II)
Vitamin A (2015-I)
Oral contraceptive pills (2021-I)
Combine oral contraceptives (2020-I)
Classify antithyroid agents (2015-I*, 2012-II)
Clomiphene citrate (2015-I)
Insulin - action, uses, adverse effects (2014-II*)
Classify DHA used in diabetes (2012-II*)
Anabolic steroids - action, clinical uses (2012-II)
Acarbose - notes (2012-II*)
Treatment of thyroid storm (2011-II)
Acromegaly (2011-I*)
Antifertility agents (2011-I)
Human insulin (2011-I)
Insulin sensitizers (2010-II)
Postpartum hemorrhage (2018-I)
Insulin resistance (2003-I)
Salmon calcitonin (2006-I)
Gliclazide in diabetes mellitus (2005-I)
Centchroman - short note (2009-II)
Hypoglycaemic coma - therapy (2018-I)
Thiazolidinediones (2018-II)
Raloxifene (2017-II)
Treatment of hypothyroidism (2017-I)
Bisphosphonates (2021-I, 2019-II)
Lispro – action, use , adverse effects (2020-I*)
Anabolic steroids (2019-II)
Classify Uterine stimulants (2021-II*, 2016-II)
Tocolytics, tocolytic agents (2017-I, 2004-I)
Post menopausal syndrome (2003-II*)
Maturity onset diabetes melitus (2003-I*)

GIT
Classify Antiemetic drug (2019-II, 2016-II*, 2013-I, 2008-I)
Classify drug used in peptic ulcer (2019-I*, 2017-I*, 2015-I*, 2020-I*, 2021-I*, 2018-II*, 2017-II*)
Antiemetic agents for treatment of chemotherapy induced vomiting (2020-I)
Omeprazole - action, uses, adverse effects (2020-I*, 2021-I*, 2003-I, 2019-I*, 2012-II*)
Proton pump inhibitor - action, uses, adverse effects (2004-I, 2018-II*)
Pantoprazole - action, uses, adverse effects (2017-II*)
Drug treatment for H.pylori infection (2007-II, 2008-I, 2011-II, 2015-I*, 2017-I*)
Ondansetron - mech. Action, uses, adverse effects (2016-II*, 2005-I)
Prokinetic drug (2014-II, 2014-I , 2020-II, 2007-I)
Liquid paraffin-uses and adverse effects (2015-II*)
Metoclopramide - action, uses, adverse effects (2014-II, 2008-I)
Compare and contrast - Metoclopramide and domperidone (2021-II)
Pharmacological basis for uses of dietary fibers as laxatives, state the indication their uses (2013-II)
Drug used in management of irritable bowel syndrome (2012-I)
Bulk laxative in function constipation (2003-II)
Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer (2010-II*)
Metoclopramide - as antiemetic - action (2008-I)
Drug therapy of constipation (2021-I)
Omeprazole in duodenal ulcer (2006-II)
Oral rehydration therapy (2006-II)
Loperamide (2017-II)
Sulfasalazine (2016-I)
Classify purgatives (2015-II*)
Diarrhea (2011-I)
Omeprazole in acid peptic disorder (2006-I)
Bismuth salt in peptic ulcer (2005-II)
Metoclopramide in vomiting (2005-I)
 Anti microbial
Classify antitubercular drug - action, adverse effect (2021-I*, 2019-II*, 2019-I*, 2017-I*, 2016-I*)
Rifampin - action, uses, adverse (2021-I*, 2019-II*, 2019-I*, 2016-I*)
Classify fluoroquinolones (2019-II*)
Enlist tetracycline group - adverse effects, action, uses (2020-II*)
Anti-influenza drug (2021-I)
Drug treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in india (2020-I)
Classify the beta lactam antimicrobial (2020-I*)
Imipenem – action, use, adverse effects (2020-I*)
Role of corticosteroids in tuberculosis (2021-II)
Ofloxacin - action, uses, adverse effects (2019-II*)
Aminoglycosides - action, uses, toxicities (2021-II*, 2019-II, 2018-II, 2018-I, 2010-II, 2007-I)
Beta lactamase inhibitors (2020-II, 2019-II, 2014-I)
Rationality of fixed dose combination of artemether and domperidone (2021-II)
Pharmacotherapy of chloroquine resistant malaria (2009-I, 2019-I, 2017-I, 2016-II*, 2006-I*, 2004-I)
Antibacterial spectrum of erythromycin - uses, action, adverse effects (2018-II*)
Lepra reaction - pharmacotherapy (2015-I*, 2018-I, 2012-II)
Management of typhoid fever / with adverse effects (2016-I*, 2009-I*, 2012-I*)
Doses schedule for category 3 patient Tuberculosis - specific adverse effects (2012-I)
Fluconazole - action, uses - systemic fungal infection (2012-I, 2008-II, 2005-II)
Drug therapy of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (2020-II, 2009-II*, 2006-II*)
Mention indication of amoxicillin - clavulanic acid combination, rational uses of combining both drugs
(2009-II)
Enumerate 1st line antitubercular drug - use, types (2011-II*, 2013-I*)
Post exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection as per NACO guidelines (2012-II, 2020-I)
Drug treatment of multibacillary leprosy (2020-I)
Describe rational of short chemotherapy of Tuberculosis (2008-II)
Management of gram negative septicemia (2016-I)
Classify agent used in HIV - on basis of action (2014-II)
Drug therapy of lower urinary tract infection (2005-II)
Respiratory preparations of penicillin - G (2011-I)
HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy (2007-I)
Drug therapy of extraintestinal amoebiasis (2006-II)
Pharmacotherapy of tapeworm infection (2009-I)
Pharmacotherapy of amoebic liver abscess in an alcoholic patients (2008-I*)
Pharmacotherapy of pulmonary TB with pleural effusion (2008-I*)
Ampicillin - clavulanic acid combination in bacterial infection (2006-I)
I/V metoclopramide is given prior to emergency surgery (2006-I)
Pharmacotherapy of acute intestinal amoebiasis (2014-II)
Drug treatment of pseudomonas infection (2009-II)
Metronidazole - action, uses, adverse effects (2018-II*, 2017-II, 2015-I, 2013-I, 2008-II, 2012-I, 2011-II)
Plasmodium falciparum resistant malaria - pharmacotherapy (2018-II)
Enumerate antimicrobial which are microbial in nature - action, uses, adverse effects (2018-I*)
Artemisinin based combination therapy in acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria (2017-II*, 2007-I*,
2005-I*)
Drug regimen for treatment of a fresh case of pulmonary tuberculosis (2017-I*)
Ciprofloxacin - action, adverse effects, uses (2016-II*)
3rd generation cephalosporins - uses (2021-I, 2016-II, 2015-II, 2003-I)
Management of enteric fever / with toxaemia (2003-I*, 2009-II*, 2013-I, 2016-I, 2008-II*)
Classify penicillin - action, uses, adverse effects (2015-II*, 2012-II*, 2010-II)
Chloroquine - uses, adverse effects (2020-II*, 2015-II, 2011-II)
Drug used in treatment of leprosy - various regiment (2015-I*, 2011-I*, 2005-II*, 2003-II)
Cotrimoxazole - action, uses, adverse effects (2014-II*, 2009-I)
Compare & contrast - 1st gen / 3rd gen cephalosporin (2014-II)
Artemisinin based combination therapy in malaria (2013-II*, 2014-II)
Fluoroquinolones - contraindications (2014-I*, 2013-II, 2011-I)
Treatment of ringworm infections (2014-I) Griseofulvin (2014-II, 2009-I)
Drug for hepatic amoebiasis (2013-II) Meropenem (2017-II)
Drug for cerebral malaria (2013-I) HIV infection (inducing prophylaxis) (2010-II*)
Synthesis by antibacterials (2012-II) Rational uses of antimicrobial agents (2010-II)
Clinical uses of praziquantel (2012-I) Classify antiretroviral drug (2009-II)
Role of isoniazid in tuberculosis (2012-II) Super infection (2021-II, 2009-I)
Classify anti-malarial drug (2020-II*) Acyclovir - action, uses (2012-I, 2009-I)
Quinolones - action, uses (2019-I) Role of ritonavir in HIV infection (2008-II)
Gentamicin (2021-II*) Azithromycin (2006-I)
Newer antimalarial drugs (2019-II) TB due to atypical mycobacteria (2005-II*)
Lamivudine - action, adverse effects (2019-I) Amoebiasis (2005-I*)
Amphotericin B - action, uses (2019-I) Pulmonary tuberculosis (2005-I*, 2004-I*)
Classify - macrolide antibiotics (2018-II*) Albendazole (2005-I)
Classify antiamoebic drugs (2018-II*) Hook worm infestation (2004-I*)
Pharmacotherapy - MDR tuberculosis (2018-II) Falciparum malaria (2003-II*)
Pharmacotherapy p.vivax malaria (2008-II*) Newer quinolones (2003-II)
Antipseudomonal penicillins (2018-II, 2017-I) Clofazemine in lepromatous leprosy (2003-II)
Amikacin (2016-II) Mixed worm infestation (2003-I*)
Topical antifungal drug (2017-I, 2011-II) Antipseudomonal penicillins
Enumerate topical antifungal agents (2014-II) Drug for psoriasis (2013-II)
Benzyl penicillin - action, uses (2015-II*) Misuses of antibiotics (2006-II)
Cephalosporins (2021-II) Hepatic amoebiasis drug therapy (2006-II*)
Classify drug of leprosy (2015-I*, 2011-I*) Anaerobic infection (2005-II*)
Antifungal drug - classify, action, uses (2018-I*) Immunomodulators (2004-I)

Anti cancer
Cell cycle specific anticancer drug (2019-I, 2018-I)
Toxicity of cytotoxic drugs (2017-II)
Chemoprophylaxis (2021-I)
Methotrexate - uses, adverse effects (2008-II, 2005-I, 2018-II, 2017-I, 2016-II, 2015-I)
Hormone in cancer therapy (2017-I)
Antimetabolite anticancer drug-uses, mechanism (2013-I)
Vinca alkaloids-action and uses (2012-I)
Common adverse effects of anticancer drugs (2006-II)
Role of taxanes in carcinoma of breast (2016-I)
Ondasetron in anticancer drug induced vomiting (2005-II)

Miscellaneous drugs
Drug treatment of tapeworm infection (2015-II)
Desferrioxamine (2017-II) Antioxidants (2007-I)
Tacrolimus (2016-II) Niacin in dyslipidemia (2004-I)
Retinoids (2016-I) Drug used for acne vulgaris (2017-II)
Cyclosporine (2014-I) BAL[british anti lewisite] (2003-II)
 Respiratory system
Classify drug for bronchial asthma (2020-II*, 2019-II*, 2017-I*)
Salbutamol - mech.action, pharma. Action, therapeutic use, adverse effects (2020-II*, 2019-II*, 2017-I*)
Drug treatment of status asthmaticus (2021-I, 2012-I, 2015-II)
Inhalational steroids in bronchial asthma pharma. Basis & adverse effects (2013-II)
Inhalational glucocorticoids & salbutamol (2013-I)
Leukotriene antagonists in bronchial asthma (2011-II, 2016-II)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2010-II*)
Drug therapy of mild to moderate asthma (2007-I, 2008-I)
Drug therapy of severe persistent asthma (2006-II)
Mast cell stabilizer used in bronchial asthma (2003-II)
Mucolytic agents (2014-I)
Pharmacology of bronchial asthma (2018-II)
Inhalation corticosteroids (2018-I)
Chronic bronchial asthma (2011-I)
Short notes on antitussive agent (2014-II)
Short note on methylxanthines (2010-I)
Inodilators (2004-I)
Bronchodilator (2009-II)

Others
Sequential blockade (2015-II)
Allopurinol (2015-I)
Plicamycin[mithracin] (2006-I)
Acute urinary tract infection (2003-II*)
 Chapter 1(HISTORY)
Chapter 2(CELL BIOLOGY)
Write stage of cell cycle with example of cell types (2021-I)

Chapter 3(ADAPTATION & INJURY)

Apoptosis - physiological & pathological examples (2020-II*, 2011-II, 2016-I, 2019-II*, 2019-I, 2016-II,
2009-I, 2008-I*, 2006-II, 2006-I*)
Necrosis - its type (2021-II*, 2018-II*, 2018-I, 2011-I)
Difference - apoptosis & necrosis (2020-II*)
Difference - reversible and irreversible cell injury (2021-II)
Dystrophic calcification / metastatic calcification (2007-I, 2017-I*, 2013-II)
Define degeneration - with example (2016-II)
Metaplasia (2016-I, 2011-I, 2009-II*)
Cascation / caseous necrosis (2015-II)
Pathological calcification (2021-I, 2015-II, 2010-I*, 2008-II, 2006-I)
Difference - dry & wet gangrene (2011-II, 2006-I*)
Steatosis (2013-II)
Endogenous pigment (2014-I, 2015-II) Coagulative necrosis (2008-II*)
Pigment disorder (2020-II*) Gangrene (2008-I, 2004-II)
Dysplasia (2013-II) Fat necrosis (2012-I, 2007-II, 2006-I)
Gas gangrene (2012-II, 2006-II) Fatty liver (2005-I)
Fatty changes (2009-II*) Special stains for fatty liver (2004-I)

Chapter 4(INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR)

Chemical mediators of inflammation (2019-I*, 2017-II*, 2016-I*, 2006-II*, 2008-I, 2010-I, 2012-I,
2019-II*, 2005-I*)
Prostaglandin in Inflammation (2020-I*)
Cytokines (2021-I)
Types of giant cells (2019-II, 2007-II*)
Define inflammation (2016-I*)
Define granuloma - its type, granulomatous lesions (2021-I, 2020-I*, 2021-II*, 2004-II, 2007-I, 2008-I,
2010-II, 2012-II, 2016-I, 2008-II*, 2017-I, 2018-I, 2019-I)
Cellular events of inflammation & vascular events (2005-I, 2012-II, 2016-I*, 2016-II*, 2018-II*)
Primary complex (primary tuberculosis) (2018-II)
Healing by second intention (secondary union) (2018-II, 2005-II*)
Healing by 1st intention (2018-I, 2009-I*, 2005-II*)
Bone Fracture healing stage (2021-II, 2017-II*, 2015-II)
Role of free radicals in acute inflammation (2005-II*, 2006-I)
Granulomatous inflammation - chronic (2009-II, 2016-II*, 2014-II*)
Ghon’s lesion(focus) (2015-II, 2009-I)
Healing of surgical incisions (2014-I)
Lepromatous leprosy (2013-II, 2008-II, 2006-II, 2004-I)
Microscopic features of the lesion in tuberculosis (2012-II)
Factor affecting Wound healing (2006-II*, 2020-I)
Factors affecting repair & regeneration (2012-I, 2007-II)
Phagocytosis (2011-II, 2009-I*, 2004-II) Classification of leprosy (2005-II)
Chemotaxis (2021-I*, 2017-I, 2014-I) Fibrocaseous tuberculosis (2004-I)
Evolution of tubercle (2006-I) Congenital syphilis (2004-I)
 Chapter 5(IMMUNOPATHOLOGY-AMYLOIDOSIS)
Type-I hypersensitivity reaction (2019-I, 2011-II)
Name hypersensitivity reaction with one example (2021-II)
Immune complex mediated type 3 hypersensitivity (2017-II)
Staining techniques of amyloids (2017-II, 2017-I, 2004-II, 2008-II, 2007-I)
Anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction (2017-I)
Lupus erythematous cell (L.E.) (2017-I)
L.E. cell (Lupus erythematous) and Tart cell (2020-I)
Define autoimmunity (2016-II*)
Mechanism of autoimmune disease (2016-II*, 2014-II)
Amyloidosis - classifications, pathogenesis (2020-II, 2005-II, 2008-II, 2009-II, 2011-I*, 2016-II, 2014-I*)
Primary amyloidosis (2016-I)
Opportunistic infection in aids (2016-I)
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction (2015-II)
Natural killer cells (NK cells) (2014-II)
Chemical nature of amyloid (2014-II)
Gross and microscopic finding in amyloidosis spleen (2005-I)

Chapter-6(HOMEOSTASIS & HEMODYNAMICS)

Define shock - pathogenesis of shock, mechanism (2014-I*, 2004-II*, 2016-I*, 2019-II*)
Septic shock - pathogenesis (2021-I, 2016-I*, 2014-II*, 2010-I, 2009-I, 2007-I)
Infarction (2021-I*, 2019-II, 2012-II)
Define thrombus - causes, sequelae (2015-II*, 2008-I, 2019-I*)
Mechanism of oedema (2014-I, 2005-I*)
Passive hyperemia (CVC) (2018-II)
Define embolism - types - examples (2011-I)
Thrombosis - pathogenesis (2021-II)
Etiopathogenesis of oedema (2012-I)
Nutmeg liver (2017-I)
CVC changes in spleen - etiology, gross, microscopy (2016-II)
Thrombus clinical sequel (2015-II*)
Fat embolism (2015-II)
Hypercoagulability (2014-II*)
Pulmonary embolism (2016-I, 2013-I)
Gross & microscopic feature of renal infarction (2012-II)
Classification of oedema - etiopathogenesis (2013-I, 2014-I)
Air embolisms (2010-II)
Fat of thrombus (2010-I)
CVC liver (2004-I)
Cardiac oedema / define - etiopathogenesis (2014-I)
Pathophysiology of non-inflammatory oedema (2013-II*)
Define thrombosis - Virchow’s triad (2020-II*, 2004-I*)
Renal oedema (2010-II, 2007-II, 2005-I*)
 Chapter 7(NEOPLASIA)
Define neoplasm - its types, examples (2021-II*, 2019-I)
Viral carcinogens (2021-I)
Difference - benign / malignant tumors/neoplasm (2020-I, 2011-II, 2015-II*, 2018-II*, 2018-I*)
Giant cell tumor of bone - gross, microscopic finding (2021-I, 2021-II, 2016-II)
Tumor markers (2017-II, 2016-I, 2014-II*, 2006-II*)
Metaplasia - its route, modes (2007-I*, 2011-I, 2016-II, 2014-I*, 2013-I*, 2012-I)
Various pathways of metaplasia (2014-I*)
Route of metastasis (2020-II)
Uses of electron microscopy in pathology (2013-II*)
Lab diagnosis of tumors (2013-II*)
Anaplasia (2010-II)
Viral carcinogenesis (2009-I*)
Spread of tumors (2008-II*, 2006-I*)
Oncogenes (2008-I)
Chemical carcinogen / carcinogenesis (2007-II*, 2004-II*)
Diagnosis - cancer (2005-I*)
Lab diagnosis - malignant tumors (2004-I*)
Attributes of malignant cell (2004-II)

Chapter 8(INFECTIOUS DISEASE)

Mycetoma foot (2005-I)

Chapter 9(ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASE)

Rickets (2016-I)

Chapter 10(GENETICS)
Klinefelter syndrome (2020-I*, 2016-II, 2009-II, 2004-II)
Karyotyping (2013-I, 2010-II)
Down’s syndrome (2021-II, 2009-I, 2006-II)
Turner syndrome (2007-II, 2021-I*)
Ph chromosomes (2013-II, 2020-I)

Chapter 11(HAEMATOLOGY INTRODUCTION)

Define anemia, morphological classification (2013-II, 2019-I*)
Lab test finding in case of thalassemia (2019-I*)
Aplastic anemia (2019-I, 2011-I)
Megaloblastic anemia - lab diagnosis, BM investigation (2021-II, 2020-II, 2004-I, 2004-II, 2007-I, 2009-I,
2011-II, 2012-II, 2010-I, 2018-II)
Peripheral smear finding in iron deficiency anemia - anemia (2007-II, 2018-I*, 2016-I, 2009-II, 2005-I*)
Lab diagnosis of hemolytic anemia (2021-I, 2017-II, 2017-I*)
Sickles cell Anemia (2017-I)
Smear finding in megaloblastic anemia (2015-II, 2016-I)
Bone marrow aspiration - indication (2020-I, 2010-II, 2016-II, 2013-I*, 2005-II)
Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) (2011-II, 2008-II, 2006-I, 2004-II)
Sickle cell anemia (2007-II)
Lab diagnosis of beta thalassemia major (2006-I, 2011-I, 2007-I, 2013-II)
Hb electrophoresis (2013-I*, 2010-II)
Stem cells (2011-I)
Lab diagnosis - microcytic hypochromic anemia (2011-I*)
G6PD deficiency (2010-II)
Role of blood indices in anemia (2005-II)
Morphological classification of anemia (2012-I, 2010-II, 2013-II)
Chronic ITP (immune thrombocytopenic purpura) (2013-II)
Coomb’s test (2012-I, 2011-I, 2008-II)
Classification of thalassemia (2009-II)
Blood indices (2014-I)

Chapter 12(BLEEDING DISORDER)

Hemophilia (2019-I, 2017-II, 2016-I, 2010-I)
Blood group system (2019-I)
Sideroblastic anemia (2020-I)
Lab diagnosis of DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) (2021-I, 2020-I)
Transfusion reaction (2020-II, 2018-I, 2008-I, 2006-II, 2005-II, 2005-I, 2004-I)
Bombay blood group (2020-I, 2018-I)
Thrombocytopenia (2015-II, 2009-I, 2005-II)
Tests for coagulation disorder (2020-II)
Hemolytic disease of newborn due to Rh incompatibility (2013-I*, 2012-II)
Indication of blood component therapy (2011-I, 2008-I)
Transfusion transmitted infections / disease (2007-I, 2010-II)
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (2010-I)
Prothrombin time estimation test (2009-II, 2006-I)
Significance of Rh blood group (2008-II)
Investigation in bleeding disorder (2021-II, 2006-II)
Differentiate - transudate / exudate with example (2018-I*)

Chapter 13(WBCs DISORDER)

Leukemoid reaction - causes of each type (2007-I, 2009-II, 2014-II, 2019-II, 2014-I, 2017-I, 2015-II)
Acute myeloid leukemia (2019-II)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2019-I, 2006-II)
Acute leukemia - classification (2016-I, 2009-I)
Eosinophilia (2018-I)
Chronic myeloid leukemia (2016-I*)
Define - leukemia (2012-II)
Classify - leukaemias (2012-II, 2010-I)
Morphology of premature WBC series cells (2012-II)
Lab diagnosis of (CML) -bone marrow pictures, peripheral smear (2005-I, 2012-II, 2008-II)
Human leukocyte antigen system (2009-II*)

Chapter 14(LYMPHOID DISORDER)

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (2019-II)
Multiple myeloma - lab diagnosis (2008-I)
Infarct of spleen (2007-II)
Multiple myeloma - pathogenesis, investigations (2018-II, 2017-II, 2004-II*)
Hypersplenism (2007-II)
 Others
Microscopic examination of urine (2016-II, 2014-I)
Maturation index (2016-II)
Lab diagnosis of tubercular meningitis (2016-II)
Lab diagnosis investigation in case of glycosuria (2014-I)
Hemoglobin derived pigments (2012-I)
Gross & microscopic appearance of chronic passive venous congestion of liver (2011-II)
Complete blood count (2010-II)
Paraneoplastic syndrome (2021-II, 2010-I*, 2008-I)
Hemosiderosis (2010-I)
Sickling test (2009-I)
Occupational cancer (2008-II)
Precancerous lesions (2008-I)
Haemoglobin estimation methods (2006-II)
Criteria of selection of healthy blood donor (2006-I)
Diabetic foot (2005-II)
Mycetoma foot (2005-I)

Case
 An adult male presents with swollen & bleeding gums & hemorrhagic spots in the oral cavity. What
is the probable diagnosis? Give laboratory findings in support of your diagnosis. (2012-II*)
 An adult male presents with complaints of weakness, fever off & on. On examination the clinician
finds massive enlargement of spleen. What is your diagnosis? Give laboratory findings to support
your diagnosis. (2012-II*)
 A female in child bearing age, complains of excessive bleeding during periods, breathlessness on
exertion & fatigue. What is your diagnosis? Give laboratory.findings to support your diagnosis.
(2012-II*)
 A 2006-I year-old female develops acute shortness of breath after entry into an unused, Dusty
room. She is admitted in a state of respiratory distress with bilateral coarse Crepitations. Identify
the disease process and explain the pathogenesis. (2012-I*)
 A 45 year old male is admitted for high degree fever with chills with development of Petechial rash
over the extremities and presence of changing cardiac murmurs. After a Day's admission, he
develops acute renal failure. Identify the condition and give an outline of the pathogenesis. (2012-
I*)
 A 34 year old male executive, weighing 86 kg, is found to have moderate asymptomatic
Hepatomegaly on a routine health-check ultrasonography. Identify the pathological lesion And
briefly describe its pathogenesis. (2012-I*)
 A 60 yr. Old male had multiple fractures, following a vehicular accident. On examination his
extremities were cold & clammy, had pale face and sunken eyes. His B.P. was not recordable, pulse
was feeble. Identify the condition and discuss its pathogenesis. (2011-II*)
 A 70 yr. Old male, a case of long standing Bronchiectasis died due renal failure. At /autopsy, both
the kidneys were enlarged. The shape was maintained. The external surface was smooth. Identify
the lesion. Discuss the pathogenesis. (2011-II*)
 A 50 yr. Old female, known case of gastric carcinoma had distension of abdomen. Ultrasonography
revealed bilateral ovarian enlargement. Identify and discuss the development of lesions. (2011-II*)
 Chapter 15(VASCULAR DISORDER)
Atherosclerosis - etiopathology (2021-I*, 2021-II*, 2020-II, 2017-I, 2009-II*, 2006-II, 2004-I)
Atheroma of aorta (2012-II)
Coarctation of aorta (2011-I)
Autopsy finding in patient died with H/O hemoptysis, cardiac murmur & CCE (2009-II*)
Aortic aneurysms (2006-I)
Dissecting aneurysm (2005-I)
Types of aneurysms & their complications (2004-II)
Syphilitic aortitis - gross, microscopic examination (2004-II)

Chapter 16(HEART)
Cardiomyopathies (2019-II)
Vegetation of heart (2020-II*)
Myocardial infarction - morphological changes in heart, lab finding (2019-I*, 2017-I*, 2011-I*, 2008-I*,
2007-II*, 2004-II *)
Rheumatic fever - enumerate, diagnosis, its sequelae (2019-I, 2014-I*)
Rheumatic heart disease - incidence, pathogenesis, morphology, clinical (2004-I*, 2007-I*, 2018-II,
2013-I*)
Autopsy finding in case of myocardial infarction (2017-II*, 2016-I*)
Complication of infective endocarditis (2005-II, 2010-I*, 2007-II, )
Autopsy finding - died in congestive heart failure (2014-II*, 2006-I*)
Rheumatic carditis - gross, microscopic (2011-II)
Fallot’s tetralogy (2010-II)
Autopsy findings - sudden cardiac death due to myocardial infarction (2006-II*)
Autopsy - mitral stenosis (2005-I*)
Autopsy - pulmonary embolisms (2010-II*)

Chapter 17(RESPIRATORY SYSTEM)

Define pneumonia & complications (2019-I, 2016-II, 2004-I)
Lobar pneumonia - morphology, autopsy finding, various stages (2021-II*, 2019-I, 2018-II*, 2018-I*,
2017-II*, 2010-I*, 2005-I)
Emphysema - types, complications (2017-II, 2009-I)
Bronchiectasis - autopsy, causes, classification, pathology (2005-I, 2006-I, 2016-I, 2013-II*, 2012-I,
2009-II)
Paraneoplastic syndrome (2014-I)
Bronchial asthma (2008-I)
Bronchopneumonia (2007-II)
Centrilobular emphysema (2007-I)
Autopsy - bronchogenic carcinoma (2006-II*, 2004-II *, 2004-I)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2020-II*, 2005-II)
Swine flu (2019-II*)
Anthracosis (2007-I)

Chapter 18(ENT-EYE)
Chapter 19(SALIVARY GLAND)
Pleomorphic adenoma - salivary gland (2016-I, 2013-II*)
 Chapter 20(GIT)
Inflammatory bowel disease - morpholo, etiopathogenesis (2019-II*, 2018-II, 2006-II, 2005-II*)
Define peptic ulcer - pathogenesis, morphology (acid pepsin disease) (2006-II, 2018-I, 2017-I, 2013-I,
2010-I, 2009-II*, 2005-I, 2006-I)
Typhoid fever - morphology of intestines (2018-I)
Crohn’s disease - lesions (2017-II, 2007-I, 2005-I)
Autopsy finding in patients with perforated peptic ulcer (2015-II*)
Linitis plastica (2015-II)
Barrett esophagus (2021-I, 2014-II)
Carcinoid syndrome (2017-II)
Ulcerative colitis (2014-I, 2013-II, 2007-II)
Stricturous lesion of intestine (2015-II*)
Difference - gastric & duodenal ulcer (2020-II)
Gastric carcinoma (2014-I)
Difference - ulcerative colitis / Crohn’s disease (2012-II, 2009-II, 2005-II*)
Predisposing factors of gastric carcinoma (2012-I)
Sites of peptic ulceration (2012-I)
Colorectal carcinoma - morphology (2010-I)
Tumors of stomach (2008-I)
Chronic peptic ulcer - complication (2004-II)
Gross & peptic ulcer - complication (2004-I)
Gross & microscopic features of carcinoma colon (2004-I)
Premalignant lesions of colon (2016-I)
Ulcer Inflammatory lesions of intestines (2016-II*)
Differentiate - benign (peptic) & malignant ulcer of stomach (2019-I)

Chapter 21(LIVER, GALL BLADER, PANCREAS)

Viral hepatitis (2019-II*, 2017-I)
Liver function test (2020-II, 2019-II, 2018-I, 2013-II, 2011-I)
Liver cirrhosis - enumerate, causes, pathogenesis, autopsy finding (2021-II*, 2004-I*, 2019-I*, 2018-I*,
2016-II, 2014-II*, 2012-I, 2011-II, 2011-I)
Lab diagnosis - jaundice (2005-I*, 2019-I, 2018-II, 2016-II, 2008-I, 2007-I)
Alcoholic liver disease - microscopic findings autopsy finding (2005-II, 2013-I, 2018-II*, 2017-II*,
2014-I*, 2010-I*, 2007-II*)
Gallstones - pathogenesis, complication (choleithiasis) (2008-I, 2017-I*)
Hepatitis B virus - serological markers, morphology, clinical (2021-I*, 2014-II, 2013-I*, 2010-II*)
Hemolytic jaundice (2012-II)
Australia antigen (2011-I*)
Van den berge reaction (2010-II)
Cirrhosis - classification, pathology, complication (2009-II)
Good pasture syndrome (2009-I)
Macronodular cirrhosis (2008-I, 2007-I)
Serum bilirubin (2007-II)
Unconjugated bilirubin (2006-II)
Primary biliary cirrhosis (2006-I)
 Chapter 22(RENAL)
Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (2019-II, 2016-I, 2006-I*)
Nephritic syndrome - enumerate criteria (2019-I*, 2005-II)
Nephrotic syndrome - enumerate criteria (2019-I*, 2011-I, 2006-II)
Glomerulonephritis - pathogenesis / chronic (2018-II*, 2007-II)
Pathological lesions in kidney in benign and malignant hypertension (2017-II)
Chronic renal failure (2017-I)
Casts in urine / urinary crystals (2015-II, 2012-II, 2012-I)
Renal function test (2018-II, 2014-II, 2013-I, 2010-II)
Pathogenesis of glomerular injury (2014-II)
Wilms tumor (2014-I*)
Difference - nephritis syndrome / nephrotic syndrome (2021-I, 2013-II)
Microalbuminuria (2013-II)
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (2021-II, 2010-I)
Chronic pyelonephritis - histopathology (2021-I*, 2009-II, 2005-I)
Contracted kidney (2008-I)
Proteinuria causes and method of detection (2006-I)
Renal cell carcinoma - gross microscopi (2004-II)
End stage kidney (2004-I)
Creatinine clearance (2006-II)
Minimal changes disease (2007-I)
Automation in urine analysis (2018-I)
Urine microscopy (2019-I, 2016-II, 2011-II)
Important of colours odour in urine (2005-II)

Chapter 23(MALE REPRODUCTIVE)

Seminoma testis - gross, microscopic, appearance (2021-II, 2017-I*, 2018-I, 2011-II, 2010-I, 2005-I,
2004-I)
Cryptorchidism (2014-II)
Fibroadenoma of testis - gross, microscopic (2011-II)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (2011-II)
Classify testicular tumors (2009-I)

Chapter 24(FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE)

Ovarian tumors / cancer - classification (2021-II, 2019-I, 2018-II, 2016-I)
Gross microscopic features of yolk sac tumor (2021-II)
Pap Smear of cervix (2013-I, 2010-II)
Endometrial hyperplasia (2020-II)
Dermoid cyst of ovary (2011-II)
Etiology of carcinoma cervix - autopsy (2009-I, 2004-I*)
Cervical cancer (2014-I)

Chapter 25(BREAST)
Fibroadenoma of breast (2015-II, 2009-II)
Medullary carcinoma of breast (2004-II)
Scirrhous carcinoma breast (2004-I)
 Chapter 26(SKIN)
Histopathology of malignant melanoma (2021-II, 2009-II)
Melanoma (2009-I)

Chapter 27(ENDOCRINE)
Thyroiditis (2019-II)
Complication in diabetes (2019-II)
Lab diagnosis of diabetes melitus - autopsy finding (2021-I, 2021-II, 2004-I, 2005-II, 2011-I*, 2010-I,
2008-I*, 2007-I*)
Papillary carcinoma thyroid - gross & microscopic finding (2021-II, 2018-I, 2014-II*)
Difference - type 1 & type 2 diabetes mellitus (2018-I)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis - gross, microscopic finding (2017-I, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2011-I, 2010-I)
Diabetic kidney - types, morphologic findings (2016-II)
Pathology of grave’s disease (2016-I)
Urine finding in diabetes melitus (2016-I)
Glycosylated hemoglobin (2013-I, 2010-II, 2007-I)
Colloid goiter (2020-II, 2012-II)
Significance of hba1c (2011-I)
Diabetic nephropathy - pathology (2006-II, 2004-II)
Neoplasms of thyroid (2018-II)
Glycosuria (2007-II)
Solitary nodules of thyroid (2010-II)

Chapter 28(MUSCLE & SKELETEL)

Osteosarcoma - radiological, morphological finding (2019-I)
Rheumatoid arthritis (2016-I)
Osteoclastoma (2020-II, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2011-I)
Ewing’s tumor / sarcoma (2012-II, 2010-I)
Acute osteomyelitis (2010-II)
Rickets and osteomalacia (2013-II)
Gross, microscopic features of osteogenic sarcoma (2017-II, 2015-II)

Chapter 29(SOFT TISSUE)

Chapter 30(NERVOUS SYSTEM)
Lab diagnosis - tubercular meningitis (2019-I)
Neurofibrinoma (2021-I)
CSF examination in pyogenic and tuberculous meningitis (2005-II, 2006-I, 2007-II, 2009-I, 2011-II,
2013-II, 2014-I, 2014-II, 2018-I*, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2015-II)
Meningioma (2013-I, 2009-I, 2007-II)
Autopsy finding in cerebrovascular hemorrhage (2010-II)

Appendices
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) (2020-II, 2008-I, 2009-I, 2013-II, 2016-II, 2014-II)
Indications of semen analysis (2018-I, 2009-II, 2007-II)
Exfoliative cytology (2015-II, 2010-I)
Various stain in cytology (2016-II)
 Others
Autopsy finding in pyrexia of unknown origin (2016-II*)
Donor’s criteria (2016-II)
Oral manifestation of HIV (2020-II)
Reed sternberg cell (2021-I, 2004-I)
Prima complex (2004-II)
Lab investigation of sickle cell anemia (2004-II)
Autopsy - aids, external & internal examination, clinicopathology, corelation (2004-II*, 2007-I*)
Autopsy - pulmonary tuberculosis (2016-I*, 2005-I*)
Hodgkin disease - giant cell / lymphoma (2012-II, 2016-I, 2005-II)
Parasites in stool (2005-II)
Autopsy - 55 old female - cerebral malaria (2005-II)
Stool occult - causes & method of detection (2006-I)
Autopsy - male 60 years - chronic myeloid leukemia infarction (2006-I)
Classification of malabsorption syndrome and describe pathology of celiac disease (2021-I, 2020-II*,
2006-I)
Leukoplakia (2006-II)
Autopsy - dying of amyloidosis (2008-I)
Physical examination of urine (2008-I)
Tissue processing in histopathology (2009-II)
Pulmonary tuberculosis (2017-I, 2010-II)
Autopsy - hypersensitive patient who died of stroke (2015-II*)
Difference - primary tuberculosis / secondary tuberculosis (2011-I)/ (2017-I)
Fatty liver (2012-II)
Autopsy - disseminated tuberculosis (2013-I*)
Mature and immature teratoma / teratoma (2021-I, 2004-I, 2014-I, 2013-II)
Tobacco as a pathogen (2014-I)
Investigation of blood transfusions reactions (2015-II, 2014-I)
Autopsy - miliary tuberculosis (2016-II*)
Frozen section (2016-II)
Hypersplenism (2017-I)
Lab diagnosis of malignancy (2017-II)
Advantages of blood components therapy (2017-II)
Lab diagnosis to a case of anemia (2019-II)
Role of enzymes in various disease (2019-II)
Infection in HIV (2019-II)
 Case
 A 4 year old boy presents with puffiness of face & oliguria. What is the probable diagnosis? Give
laboratory findings to support your diagnosis. (2012-II*)
 25 year male in a touring job, presents with loss of appetite, & is passing dark colored urine. How
will you investigate to come to a diagnosis? (2012-II*)
 A middle aged male presents with massive enlargement of cervical lymph nodes (Bull neck). What
is probable diagnosis? Give histological findings of lymph node biopsy to support your diagnosis.
(2012-II*)
 A 6 year old boy with past history of suppurative skin lesions develops low grade fever, passage of
reddish colored urine and oliguria. Diagnose this condition and briefly describe its pathogenesis,
gross and microscopic features. (2012-I*)
 A 79 year old female had past history of middle ear infection. She develops high fever with neck
rigidity, followed by altered sensorium. Identify this condition. Discuss the utility of the most
common diagnostic modality in diagnosis of condition. (2012-I*)
 A 74 year old male, chronic smoker comes with a history of loss of appetite/weight, dry cough with
streaky hemoptysis and heaviness of right sided chest since two months. Discuss the probable
clinical diagnosis.Describe the complications seen in this disease. (2012-I*)
 60 yr.old male had severe chest pain, radiation to left arm. Discuss the probable clinical diagnosis
and the sequence of gross and microscopical changes of the lesion. (2011-II*)
 40 yr. Old male had fever, dyspnoea and cough with purulent expectoration. Routine investigations
revealed neutroscopical leukocytosis. Identify the condition and discuss the sequence of gross and
microscopical findings of the lesion. (2011-II*)
 32yr. Old female had fever and H/O passing dark yellow urine. Discuss the utility of liver function
tests in the diagnosis of the disease. (2011-II*)
Microbiology
paper 1
 General Microbiology
Define sterilization & disinfection (2020-II*, 2018-II*)
Methods of transmission of infection in man (2012-I)
Principle uses and sterilization control of autoclave (2021-II, 2020-II*, 2018-II*)
Factors affecting growth of bacteria (2018-II)
Koch’s postulates / Robert Koch and its experiment (2018-I, 2013-II, 2012-II)
Principle and application of PCR (2013-I*, 2018-II)
Contribution of Louis Pasteur (2017-II, 2008-II)
Mechanism (Methods) of gene transfer in bacteria (2010-II*, 2016-I*, 2013-II*, 2012-II*2021-I, 2017-II,
2016-I, 2013-II, 2011-II, 2009-II, 2006-I)
Classify methods of sterilization (2017-I*)
Moist heat sterilization (Autoclave) (2021-I*, 2020-I*, 2008-II, 2017-II, 2013-II, 2011-I, 2009-II)
Chemical methods of sterilization (2017-I*)
Bacterial growth curve (2021-II, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2014-II, 2013-I, 2012-I*, 2008-II)
Role of plasmid in drug resistance (2017-I, 2004-I)
Plasmid (2015-I)
Physical methods of sterilization (2020-I*, 2016-II)
Development of drug resistance in bacteria (2014-I, 2021-II, 2021-I*, 2016-I*)
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) (2021-I*)
Bacterial flagella & fimbriae (2016-I, 2010-II, 2009-I, 2006-I)
Endotoxins & exotoxins (2021-II, 2016-I, 2013-II, 2012-I, 2010-I, 2007-I, 2006-I)
Hot air oven / sterilization by dry heat (2016-I, 2014-II*, 2010-I, 2011-II)
Steam under pressure (2015-II*)
Different stain used in microbiology (2015-II)
Various agents used in sterilization / Vapour phase disinfectants (2015-I*)
Transport media (2015-I, 2012-I)
Cell wall of bacteria / bacterial capsule (2020-II, 2014-II, 2010-I, 2008-II, 2006-II*)
Chemical disinfectant – action, use, types, name (2014-I*, 2012-I)
Selective media (2014-I)
Determinants of bacterial virulence (2011-II*)
Enriched media (2011-II)
Mutational and transferable drug resistance (2021-I, 2011-II, 2008-I, 2007-II)
Transduction (2020-II, 2011-I*)
Role of halogens in sterilization (2010-II)
Commonly used disinfectants (2009-I)
Bacterial spores (2021-I, 2008-I, 2006-I*)
Describe the principle of genetic engineering (2004-II)
Mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (2013-I*)
Methods of anaerobic culture / anaerobiosis (2019-II, 2019-I, 2014-I, 2011-I)
Define inspissations – principle, procedure, uses (2019-I*, 2018-I)
Lancefield grouping (2016-II)
Micrometry (2016-II)
Enumerate non cultivable bacteria – lab diagnosis, morphology (2015-II*)
Vector – its role in infectious disease (2009-I*)
Anaerobic myositis (2007-II*)
Blood culture & its utility in clinical practice (2007-I*)
Febrile agglutination tests (2006-II*)
Factors predisposing to microbial pathogenicity (2005-I*)
What are the indications for blood culture examination and how is it done? (2005-I)
 Immunology
Antigen - antibody reaction (various serological reaction) – name, principle, application,
precipitation reaction (2019-II*, 2007-I*)
Active immunity (2019-II)
Tumor antigens (2021-I)
Type - II hypersensitivity reaction (cytotoxic) (2019-II)
Monoclonal antibodies (2019-II, 2015-II, 2008-I, 2004-II)
Type - I hypersensitivity (2019-I*, 2017-II, 2020-I*, 2016-II, 2014-I, 2010-II*)
Hybridoma technology (2019-I, 2018-I*, 2007-I*)
ELISA - principle & protocols (2019-I, 2017-II, 2015-I, 2012-II*, 2008-I*)
Agglutinations reactions - principle, type, application (2020-II*, 2018-II*, 2012-I*)
Superantigens (2018-II, 2018-I)
Graft versus host reaction (2018-II, 2010-II, 2005-I)
Describe structure of immunoglobulin, enumerate (2017-I*, 2015-II, 2011-II*, 2009-II)
IgM antibody (2020-II, 2017-I*, 2013-II, 2008-II)
Precipitation reaction (2012-I*, 2017-I)
Advantages of live alternated vaccine (2004-II)
Coombs test – principle & utility (2009-II)
Alternate complement pathway (2015-II) / classical complement pathway (2021-I, 2013-II*)-(2010-I*)
Major Histo – compatibility complex (MHC) (2014-II)
Passive immunity (2015-I)
Difference – active immunity / passive immunity (2015-I, 2012-II, 2007-I)
Classify hypersensitivity (2020-I*, 2014-II, 2021-II*)
Type III hypersensitivity reaction (2014-II, 2010-I, 2007-II*, 2006-I)
Auto immunity (2014-II)
Cell mediated immunity – detection test/ mechanism of response (2021-I, 2014-II, 2011-II*)
Graft & graft rejection – type, classification (2014-I)
Agglutination and precipitation (2013-I, 2012-II*)
Difference – B lymphocytes / T lymphocytes (2007-II)
Laboratory diagnosis of autoimmune disease (2007-I)
Describe the structure and function of IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA (2009-II*)
Prozone phenomenon – principle, application (2012-II*, 2010-I)
Primary response (2012-II, 2012-I*)
Secondary response (2012-II)
Difference – primary response / secondary response (2012-II)
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction (2021-II*, 2011-I*, 2005-I*)
Abnormal immunoglobulins (2010-II)
Immune – deficiency states (2009-I)
Immunological tolerance (2006-I, 2021-I)
Determinants of antigenicity (2016-II) Function of T lymphocytes (2004-I)
Classify immunity (2016-I*) Live and killed vaccine (2006-II)
Innate immunity (2016-I*) B lymphocytes – function (2007-II)
Immunofluorescence (2016-I) Complement deficiency disease (2018-II)
Heterophile antigen (2015-II, 2006-I*) Complement system (2016-II*0)
IgA antibody (2015-II, 2013-I*) Null cells (2014-I)
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction (2015-I) Coagulase test (2010-II)
IgG – diagram, label, function (2004-II) Iso antigen (2008-I)
Vaccine (2004-II) L forms bacteria (2019-I, 2006-II)
Anaphylaxis (2004-I)
 Gram Cocci
Post streptococcal sequel (2017-II, 2008-I, 2004-II)
Non gonococcal urethritis (2018-I, 2009-I, 2008-I*)
Virulence factors of streptococci (2017-I)
MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) (2016-I, 2004-I*)
CAMP test (Christie atkins munch peterson) (2015-I, 2010-I)
Non suppurative complication of streptococcal infection, pyogens (2020-II, 2011-II)
Streptococcus pneumoniae – morphology (2010-II)
N.meningitidis – morphology, cultural, characteristics, lab diagnosis (2014-II*)
Enumerate the etiological agents of meningitis in reference with age of the patient pathogenicity and
lab diagnosis of N.meningitidis (2010-II*)
Virulence factors and pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae (2021-I)
Streptococcus viridans (2010-II)
Difference – streptococcus pneumonae / viridans (2011-II)
Enumerate the etiological agents of sexually transmitted disease (2010-I*)
Pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of gonorrhea (2004-II, 2010-I*, 2017-II, 2008-I, 2004-II)
Difference - N.gonorrhoeae and n. Meningitidis (2010-I)
Lab diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis (2008-I*)
Virulence factors of staphylococcus aureus (2005-I*)
Toxic shock syndrome toxin(2021-I)
Classify streptococci (2004-II*)
Serological diagnosis of streptococcal infection (2004-II*)
Streptococcus faecalis (2004-I*)
Lab diagnosis of anaerobic infection (2018-II*)
difference - N.gonorrheas / N. Meningitidis (2010-I*)
Bacterial meningitis (2009-II, 2021-II)

Other group of bacteria

Relapsing fever (2019-II, 2011-I, 2008-I)
Standard tests of syphilis, enumerate (2021-II, 2021-I, 2020-II, 2019-I, 2016-II*, 2012-II)
Leptospirosis – lab diagnosis (2018-II*, 2014-II, 2009-I*)
VDRL test (2018-I, 2013-I, 2008-I)
Q fever (2016-I, 2008-I)
Enumerate sexually transmitted disease (2014-I*)
Lab diagnosis of syphilis (2006-I*, 2012-II, 2014-I*, 2009-II, 2006-I, 2005-I)
Antigenic structure of T.pallidum (2010-II)
Mention four routes by which leptospires (2009-I)
Discuss lab diagnosis of human leptospirosis highlighting the utility of each test during different stage
of disease (2009-I*)
Morphology, pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of chlamydial infection (2008-II*)
Anti – treponemal antibody tests for syphilis (2007-II*)
Leptospira and borrelia (2007-II)
Treponema haem-agglutination test (2004-I)
Classification of rickettsiae (2007-I*)
 Gram bacilli
Discuss lab diagnosis, pathogenesis of enteric fever (typhoid) (2014-II, 2006-I 2021-II, 2020-II*, 2019-II*,
2017-I*, 2014-I, 2008-II, 2004-I)
Lab diagnosis, serological diagnosis of brucellosis (2019-I*, 2007-II)
Loefller’s serum slope (2019-I)
Bacterial food poisoning, lab diagnosis (2019-I, 2007-I, 2004-II)
Lab diagnosis, classify & pathogenesis of cholera (2021-I*, 2009-II*, 2008-II*, 2020-I*, 2018-II, 2018-I,
2017-II*, 2017-I, 2015-I)
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (2018-II)
Non typhoidal salmonella (2018-I)
Enumerate bacterial, pathogen causing cause of diarrhea (2008-II, 2017-II*, 2014-I*)
Lab diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (2021-I, 2017-II*)
Plague - pathogenesis and lab diagnosis (2017-II*)
Kauffmann – white scheme (2017-II)
Endotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (2017-I)
Classify & describe atypical mycobacterium (2021-II, 2016-II*)
Halophilic vibrios (2016-II, 2007-I)
Weil felix reaction (2016-II, 2015-I, 2010-I, 2008-II)
Haemophilus influenzae – lab diagnosis (2016-II, 2013-I)
Lab diagnosis, pathogenesis of gas gangrene(2010-I*, 2021-I, 2021-I, 2016-I, 2014-II, 2010-I)
DPT vaccine (2016-I)
Clostridium difficile (2015-II, 2010-I*)
Lab diagnosis of bordetella pertussis (2021-I)
Enumerate causative agents of sore throat (2015-I)
Diphtheria biotypes – lab diagnosis (2015-I*, 2013-II, 2007-II, 2006-II, 2004-I*)
Clostridia – morphological and biochemical classification (2014-II)
Difference – tuberculoid leprosy / lepromatous leprosy (2014-I, 2012-II, 2011-I, 2007-I)
Widal test & its application, interpretation (2013-II, 2012-II, 2011-I)
E.coli – produces diarrhoea, various mechanisms (2020-II, 2013-I, 2012-II)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ()
Mycobacterium bovis (2013-I)
Classical and EL tor vibrio cholera (2004-II, 2006-I, 2007-I, 2013-I, 2012-I)
Difference – diphtheria bacilli / diphtheroids (2012-II)
Biochemical difference – E.coli / klebsiella pneumoniae (2012-I*)
Atypical mycobacteria (2012-I*)
Corynebacterium diphtheria and diphtheroids/ diphtheria toxin (2011-II*) / (2020-II)
Bacillus anthracis and anthracoid bacilli (2004-II, 2011-II)
Causes of infective endocarditis Investigate the cause of such infection in lab (2011-I*)
Blood culture method in diagnosis of sub acute bacterial endocarditis (2011-I*)
Cholera red reaction (2011-I*)
Classification of vibrio (2010-II*)
Etiological agents of diarrhea (2009-II*, 2008-II*)
Enlist the organisms causing acute watery diarrhea (2021-I*)
Difference – classical vibrio / EL tor vibrio (2009-II*, 2008-II*)
Classify mycobacteria (2009-II)
Lab diagnosis, drug resistance – pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis (2009-II*, 2015-II)
M. Tuberculosis – pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2013-I, 2021-II*, 2019-II, 2009-II*)
Nagler reaction – principle, procedure, use (2009-II, 2006-II)
Enlist organism producing upper respiratory tract infection (2009-I*)
Lab diagnosis & Clinical manifestation of faucial diphtheria (2009-I*)
Identification of tubercle bacilli & related mycobacteria (2009-I)
Transport, enrichment and plating media for lab diagnosis of vibrio-cholera (2008-II)
Mycoplasma / infection caused by mycoplasma (2008-II, 2006-II)
Toxigenicity tests for diphtheria bacilli (2007-II)
Salmonella and shigella (2007-II)
Tubercle bacilli and non tuberculous mycobacteria (2007-II)
Non tuberculous mycobacterium (2020-II)
Bacillary dysentery – lab diagnosis (2006-II)
Allergic tests in tuberculosis (2005-I)
Bacillus anthracis – lab diagnosis, pathogenicity (2021-I, 2004-II)
Clostridium tetani – pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2004-I*)
Tuberculin test (2004-I)
Antimycobacterial drug sensitivity testing methods (2015-II, 2017-I)
Actinomycosis – fungi + bacteria (2010-I)
Helicobacter pylori (2009-II, 2008-I)
Beta lactamases and its importance (2009-I)
Enumerate and lab diagnosis causing PUO (pyrexia of unknown origin) (2008-II*)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa– morphology, lab diagnosis, resistance, pathogenesis (2007-II, 2005-I*)
Transfer factors (2005-I)
Botulism (2017-I)
Infective diarrhoea - lab diagnosis (2014-I)

Hospital infection control

Define biomedical waste(BMW) its segregation and technique used for the treatment and disposal of
BMW (2021-II*, 2019-II*)

Clinical microbiology
Lab diagnosis of meningitis (2019-II)
The etiological agents of pyrogenic meningitis and describe the lab diagnosis (2016-I*, 2013-II*)
Enumerate the causative agents of urinary tract infection (2015-I*, 2009-I*, 2004-I*)
Urinary tract infection – lab diagnosis, manifestation (2004-I*)
Enumerate bacteria causing pyogenic meningitis (2006-II*)
Name the bacteria causing meningitis, lab diagnosis – cerebrospinal fever (2004-II*)

Others
Significant bacteriuria (2012-I)
Nosocomial infection (2011-I)
Inclusion bodies (2011-I)
Methods for typing of bacteria for epidemiological purpose (2009-II)
Define carrier & list the different kinds (2009-I)
Nitroso – indole test (2009-I)
Ascoli’s thermo precipitation test (2007-I)
Complement in health and disease (2006-II)
Microbiology
paper 2
 Virology
Hepatitis B virus – lab diagnosis, infection, causes, classify (2019-II*, 2017-II*, 2017-I*, 2016-II,
2015-II*, 2014-II, 2007-II*, 2004-I, 2012-II*)
Rabies – prophylaxis (2010-II*, 2019-I, 2004-I, 2005-II, 2019-II, 2015-II, 2013-II, 2008-II*, 2006-I*)
Strategies for HIV testing in India (NACO) (2019-II, 2018-I, 2010-II)
Oral polio vaccine (2019-II, 2013-I)
Dengue virus infection – morphology, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2021-I, 2019-I*, 2018-II, 2017-II,
2014-I)
Hepatitis B virus – sero-diagnosis, markers, significance (2021-II*, 2020-II, 2019-I, 2018-I*)
Microscopy in viral diagnosis (2019-I)
General / Molecular methods for diagnosis of viral infections (2021-II, 2020-II)
Immunoprophylaxis of rabies – pathogenesis, lab diagnosis, morphology (2018-II, 2014-II*)
Cell culture of virus cultivation (2018-II, 2008-I*, 2006-I, 2010-II)
Opportunistic fungal infections in HIV (2018-I, 2014-I*)
Immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis B (2018-I, 2014-I, 2013-II)
Antigenic shift & antigenic drift in influenza virus (2020-II, 2004-II, 2017-II)
Lab diagnosis / Serological diagnosis of dengue fever (2013-I) / (2008-II)
Echinococcus granulosus infection – pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2017-II)
Polio vaccines (2020-II, 2017-II, 2015-I, 2009-II*)
Difference - oral polio vaccine / injectable polio vaccine (2021-II)
Opportunistic parasitic infection in AIDS patients (2017-I)
Arboviruses – classify, pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2016-II*, 2008-II, 2005-II)
Non – neural vaccines for rabies (2016-II)
Viruses causing encephalitis in India – enumerate (2016-I*)
Herpes simplex – 1 and herpes simplex – 2 (2007-II)
Epidemiology, lab diagnosis – Japanese encephalitis (2016-I*)
Epstein barr virus (2016-I, 2010-II, 2009-I, 2005-II, 2004-II)
Polio virus - lab diagnosis, pathogenesis , prophylaxis (2021-I, 2015-II*, 2012-I, 2005-II)
AIDs enumerate opportunistic infection (2021-I*, 2015-II, 2015-I*)
HIV- pathogenesis, lab diagnosis, infection, structure (2021-I*, 2018-II, 2020-II, 2015-I*, 2014-I, 2013-I*,
2011-I, 2006-II, 2005-I)
Carcinogenic viruses (2004-I, 2014-II, 2008-I, 2007-I*)
Herpes viruses – classify, lab diagnosis (2021-II, 2014-I*, 2005-II, 2004-I, 2009-II)
Herpes simplex virus – pathogenesis, type 1&2 manifestation (2020-II*, 2014-I*, 2021-I)
Enumerate the sexually transmitted viruses (2009-I*)
Bacteriophages and their importance, life cycle (2005-I, 2012-II*, 2009-II, 2008-II, 2006-II)
Outline the course of disease development in case of HIV (2009-I*)
Viral diarrhea / Name of the viruses causing diarrhea (2011-II) / (2004-II)
Vaccine status of H1N1 novel swine flu virus (2010-II)
Difference – neural vaccine / non – neural vaccine (2008-I)
Various methods of virus isolation in lab (2013-II*)
Rubella fever – pathogenesis & lab diagnosis (2004-II)
Outline the lab diagnosis of rotavirus (2004-II)
Viral inclusion body (2018-I, 2016-I, 2014-II, 2017-I, 2004-I)
Properties of cells transformed by virus (2005-I)
Enteroviruses of medical importance (2005-I)
Cytomegalovirus – pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2005-I)
Non – immunological response to viral infection (2005-I)
Antigenic shift & antigenic drift (2013-I*, 2016-I, 2013-II, 2011-I)
Stages of viral replication (2014-I, 2009-II)
Prion disease / enumerate human prion disease (2009-I)
Pocks on chorioallantoic membrane of variota and vaccinia virus (2006-I)
Methods of detection viral growth in tissue cell lines (2011-I)
Interferon – mode of action & use (2015-I, 2004-II)
Technique of slide culture (2011-II) HIV – serological diagnosis (2012-II*)
Teratogenic viruses (2009-I) Lab diagnosis of H1N1 infection (2012-II)
TORCH test (2008-II) Anti rabies vaccine (2012-I)
Cross immunoelectrophoresis (2008-I) Chikungunya virus (2017-I)
Infectious mononucleosis (2008-I) Classify enteroviruses (2009-II*)
Bacteria and virus (2006-I) Chicken pox (2008-I)
Cytopathogenic effects (CPE) (2005-II) Slow virus disease (2007-II)
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B (2006-II) Enteroviruses and rhinoviruses (2007-I)
Live viral vaccines (2017-I) Influenza A virus (2015-II)
SARS (2004-I) Replication of viruses (2006-II*)
Bird flu (2006-I) List the viruses affecting liver (2014-II)

Mycology
Lab diagnosis of fungal infections (2019-II*, 2016-I*)
Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) (2019-II, 2005-I)
Cryptococcosis (2019-II, 2015-I, 2012-I*)
Candida albicans – etiology, manifestation, lab diagnosis, clinical feature, lesions (2020-II, 2019-I*,
2010-II*, 2009-II*)
Cryptococcal meningitis - lab diagnosis, pathogenesis (2021-II, 2021-I, 2019-I, 2008-II*)
Mycetoma – etiology , manifestation, lab diagnosis / Eumycotic mycetoma (2018-II*, 2017-I, 2015-I,
2011-I*, 2008-II, 2005-II) / (2014-II, 2007-I*)
Candidiasis - lab diagnosis pathogenicity (2018-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2008-I*, 2004-I)
Di-morphic fungi & lab diagnosis of sporotrichosis (2017-II, 2016-II, 2009-I, 2004-II)
Rhinosporiodosis / rhinosporidiasis (2021-I, 2019-I, 2018-I, 2016-I, 2011-II, 2009-II)
Dermatophytes – classification, lab diagnosis, pathogenesis (2021-I*, 2011-I, 2017-II*, 2013-II, 2017-I*,
2015-I*)
Subcutaneous mycosis – enumerate (2017-II, 2016-II)
Enumerate fungi causing systemic mycoses (2008-II*)
Opportunistic fungal infection (2007-II*, 2007-I)
Actinomycotic mycetoma and eumycotic mycetoma (2006-II)
Lab diagnosis of pneumocytic camii (carini) (2019-I)
Candidal vaginitis - lab diagnosis (2006-II, 2006-I*)
Aspergillosis - lab diagnosis, morphology (2004-I, 2017-I, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2009-I*, 2005-II)
Classification of fungi (2021-II, 2016-II*, 2009-II*)
Trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum (2007-II)
Stain used in diagnosis of fungal infection (2012-I)
Cryptococcus neoformans – pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2016-II*)
Common dermatophytic infection / clinical presentation (2015-I)
Dermatophytosis (2021-II*, 2014-II, 2012-I, 2004-II)
Lab diagnosis – superficial fungal infection (2012-II)
Role of microscopy in mycology (2010-II*)
Mycotoxicosis (2018-II, 2011-II) Histoplasma capsulatum (2006-II)
Pathogenic candidiasis (2009-I) Cryptococcus (2011-I)
Candida and Cryptococcus (2007-I) Actinomycosis (2007-II)
Maduramycosis (2015-II*)
Superficial mycosis (2014-I)
Non albicans candida (2015-II)
Pneumocystosis (2009-II)
 Parasitology
Malaria – lab diagnosis, microscopy, semiquantitative & newer technique (2021-II*, 2021-I, 2019-II,
2016-II*, 2015-I, 2013-II, 2012-I*, 2009-I*, 2008-I*, 2007-I*, 2006-I*, 2005-I*)
Cysticercosis (2019-II)
Enumerate intestinal protozoa and amoebiasis - lab diagnosis (2020-II*)
Extraintestinal amoebiasis – pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2019-II, 2017-II)
Ancylostoma duodenale – life cycle, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2020-II*, 2019-I*, 2016-I, 2007-II*)
Hydatid disease (cyst) – life cycle, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2020-II, 2021-I 2018-II*, 2013-I, 2012-I,
2009-II, 2007-I*)
Filariasis - lab diagnosis ()
Larva migrans / Cutaneous larva migrans (2018-II, 2013-I, 2006-I) / (2011-II)
Parasites causing CNS infections (2018-II)
Post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (2018-I)
Loffler’s syndrome (2018-I, 2012-II)
Free living amoebae (2018-I, 2014-I, 2011-II)
Kala azar – pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2017-II*, 2017-I, 2012-II, 2005-II*)
Cerebral malaria (2017-II)
Enterobius vermicularis - lab diagnosis, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis (2017-I*, 2013-II, 2005-I*)
Neurocysticercosis (2017-I)
Giardiasis (2017-I)
Enumerate haemoparasites (2016-II*)
Oriental sore (2016-II)
Schistosoma haematobium – morphology & haemation (2016-II, 2005-II*)
Urinary schistosomiasis - life cycle & laboratory diagnosis (2021-I)
Genital parasitic infection (2016-II)
Enumerate parasites causing anemia with type (2016-I*)
Plasmodium falciparum – clinical feature, lab diagnosis (2016-I*)
Paragonimus westermani (2016-I)
Wuchereria bancrofti – life cycle, lab diagnosis, pathogenicity, morphology (2005-I*, 2015-II, 2008-II*,
2008-I)
Classify nematodes according to habitat of adult worms (2021-I*, 2015-I*)
Ascaris lumbricoides – life cycle, pathogenesis, morphology (2021-II, 2015-I*, 2014-II, 2013-II*)
Occult filariasis (2015-I)
Lab diagnosis, complications of filariasis (2018-II 2021-II, 2014-II*, 2013-II, 2011-II*, 2011-I*, 2006-II*,
2007-II, 2004-I*)
Plasmodium vivax infection – life cycle, draw, pathogenicity (2020-II, 2014-I*, 2010-II, 2004-I)
E.granulosus – life cycle, pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2014-I, 2004-II*)
Dracunculus medinensis – life cycle / dracunculiasis (2014-I)
Lab diagnosis of amoebic dysentery (2013-II)
Difference – taenia solium / taenia saginata (2013-II, 2007-I, 2006-I)
Toxoplasma gondii – life cycle, pathogenicity (2013-I, 2009-II)
Hook worm – life cycle, lab diagnosis, pathogenicity (2013-I, 2010-II)
Difference – plasmodium vivax / falciparum (2013-I, 2006-II)
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (2012-II)
Casoni’s test (2012-II)
Mechanism of humeral immunity in parasitic infection (2012-II)
Soli amoebae (2012-I, 2006-II)
Cysticercus cellulosae – clinical feature & diagnosis (2021-II, 2011-I, 2009-I, 2015-II)
Diagnosis of P.falciparum malaria & complication (2011-II*)
Opportunistic parasites in stool (2010-II)
Classify cestodes affecting man (2009-II*)
Taenia solium – morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity, lab diagnosis (2009-II*)
Mechanism produced by parasitic anemia (2009-II)
Ectopic ascariasis (2009-I)
Protozoan parasites found in stool (2008-II)
Enumerate extraintestinal nematodes (2008-II)
Strongyloides stercoralis (2021-I*)
Giardia lamblia (2007-II)
Sporozoite induced malaria & trophozoite induced malaria (2007-II)
Naegleria and acanthamoeba (2007-II)
W.bancrofti & B.malay (2007-I)
T.brucei gambiense and T.brucei rhodesiense (2006-II)
Amoebic and bacillary dysentery (2006-I)
Dracunculus medinensis – morphology, life cycle, lab diagnosis (2005-II*, 2004-II*)
D. Medinensis - lab diagnosis, life cycle, prevention
Leishmania donovani (leishmaniasis) – lab diagnosis, life cycle (2015-I, 2004-II*)
G. Intestinalis – morphology, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis, life cycle (2004-II)
Ascariasis – life cycle, lab diagnosis, pathogenesis (2019-II*)
Lab diagnosis of primary amoebic encephalitis
L.D. bodies (Leishman donovan) (2016-I, 2008-II)
Cysticercus cellulosae / cysticercosis (2015-II, 2014-II)
Diphyllobothrium latum (2015-II)
Toxoplasmosis (2014-II)
Blood flagellates (2011-II)
Delhi boil (2008-I)
Ringworm infection (2006-I)
Parasite penetrating through skin (2009-I)
Parasite causing diarrhoea (2007-I)

Others
Cytokines (2015-II)
Autoimmunity (2012-I)
B lymphocytes (2012-I)
Complement fixation test (2011-I)
Sabourd’s agar (2008-I)