itis recognized that several factors may affect the likelihood of CUI to include: ‘a) local climatic concitions, For exampl * Operating Temperature near and below water due point resulting on the condensation of atmospheric vapor water on the outside surface of piping when insulation is damaged * Piping facing the sea shore resulting in trapping hygrophilic salts that can absorb air born water molecules. ») insulation design and maintenance, For example: * Mineral wool, fiberglass, and calcium silicate have the highest tendency to absorb water and chlorides and therefore a higher susceptibility to CUI damage * Poor jaketing Technique resulting on high probability of water ingress. .€) coating quality, For example: * The Piping Coating has a life time and when it starts to age, it looses its ability to protect the bare metal. Aged Coting system is more prone to CUI. * Piping coated only by a primer is more susceptable to CUI * Localized defects on coating system can lead to localized pitting and very accelerated corrosion. 4) service conditions, For example: * Piping in Intermittent Service * In ammonia terminals, piping temperatures can swing from ambient to 30 °F (27 during periods when ammonia is flowing in the piping. This temperature swing leads to continuous freezing and thawing, and results in wet conditions that increase the piping system susceptibility to CUI damage.