MBEYA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

INDUSTRIAL/FIELD PRACTICAL TRANING REPORT

TECHNICAL REPORT FOR INSTALLATION OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER.

STUDENT’S NAME: ANDREA MAGAKA THOMAS

REGISTRATION NUMBER: 21100234020153

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRICAL AND POWER ENGINEERING.

COURSE: ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

LEVEL: UQF 8 SECOND YEAR

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2022/2023

IPT/FPT FROM (DATE): 10th/07/2023 TO 15th/09/2023

COMPANY/FIRM: NYAKATO TANESCO-MWANZA

 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is the report which proposed by activates conducted during filled attachment at Mwanza
region TANESCO. Also report cover the task which was performed during field training period as
well as its relation to the class theories with the field practical. In training this report is my practical
training that I was conducted at TANESCO in Mwanza region.

This report involves two main parts, the general part which involves historical background,
organization structure and activities undertaken by TANESCO,

Part two involves technical report on specific activity that undertaken in the training like testing
procedure, operation designs and function operations.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thanks all that helped me to accomplish the report. The completeness of this report
is the result of my effort and the contribution of different people around me who helped me with
different resources during the whole conduction training.

First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for His showers of blessings
throughout my IPT to complete the IPT successfully

Second, special thanks go to my family for being very supportive, IPT supervisor, Mr FIKIRINI
NKWABI and all staffs working under him at Tanzania Electrical Supply Company-Mwanza for
giving me and other students the chance to perform the field training under his departments. Their
dynamism, vision, sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired me.

Thanks also go to Dr NGONYANI who is the supervisor selected by Mbeya University of Science
and technology to asses me at NYAKATO TANESCO Mwanza.

Finally, thanks to all the people who have supported me to complete this IPT directly or
indirectly.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive summary……………………………………………………………………………. i

Acknowledgement………………………………...…………………………………………… ii

Table of contents………………………………………………………………………………. iii

PART I: GENERAL PART

Tanzania Electrical Supply Company (TANESCO)…….………………………………….... 01

Historical background of TANESCO ………………………………………………….…... 01

Vision and mission of the company……… ……………………………………………..….. 02

1.21 Vision…………………………………………………………...….……….……....02

1.22 Mission…………………………………………...………………….……….….….. 02

1.3. Policy of the company………………..……………………………………………….. 02

1.4Department ………………………………………………………………………………... 02

Organization structure of TANESCO………………………….………...…………..……..... 08

Products or activities undertaken by TANESCO ……………………………………..………09

PART II: TECHNICAL REPORT

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION AND DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER………………..14

Introduction to electrical substation ………………………………………………..14

Types of electrical substation………………………………………………………………...15

Distribution transformer……………………………………………………………………..16

Tools and Materials used for installation of distribution transformer ….……………………..17

Work procedures for installation of distribution transformer………………………………… 19

Conclusion and Recommendation…………………………………………………………….. 21

References…………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
PART I: GENERAL PART

1.0 TANZANIA ELECTRICAL SUPPLY COMPANY (TANESCO)

Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO) is a parastatal organization under the
Ministry of Energy and Minerals. The Company generates, transmits, distributes and sells
electricity to Tanzania Mainland and sells bulk power to the Zanzibar Electricity Corporation
(ZECO) which in turn sells it to the public in islands_ Unguja and Pemba. TANESCO owns most
of the electricity generating, transmitting and distributing facilities in Tanzania Mainland, which
has an estimated population of 40.2 million people by July 2008 (World Fact Book).

1.1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY

The first public electricity supply in Tanzania (which was then called Tanganyika) established by
the German colonialists in 1908 at Dar es Salaam. It served the railway workshops and a part of
the town where the colonialists were mostly staying. When the Tanganyika territory was mandated
to Great Britain in 1920, a Government Electricity Department was formed to take over and operate
the public supplies left by the Germans.

In 1931, the Government handed over the undertaking at Dar es Salaam and those elsewhere
upcountry (Dodoma, Tabora and Kigoma) to private enterprises. One of these companies was the
Tanganyika Electric supply Company Ltd. (TANESCO) which was established on 26th November
1931 and the other company was the Dar es Salaam and District Electric Supply Company Ltd
(DARESCO).

TANESCO commenced operations in 1933 by operating a diesel power station at Kange in the
outskirt of Tanga; by 1936 the company had constructed a dam 90m long across the Pangani River
and had commissioned two generators totaling 5MW. Concurrently with this, over 400kmof
supply lines were erected. In 1947, 1952 and 1959 three more sets were installed, bringing the
total capacity up to 17.5MW, its present value.

By 1945 the major part of the assets of the company was invested in supplies to sisal industries in
the area. This “one-crop load” aspect of the supply entailed obvious risks and, in 1945, the
company sought permission to export power to the port of Mombasa in Kenya, partly to diversify
its customers.

By an agreement dated February 12, 1948, among the Tanganyika Government, the Kenya
Government and TANESCO, TANESCO was authorized to export surplus power from the
Pangani Falls power station to Mombasa, subject to certain conditions designed to safeguard
supplies to consumers in the company’s Tanganyika concession. The supply was provided by a
transmission line some 135 km long erected on concrete poles. This contract was terminated in
1965.

DARESCO’s early years of operation were occupied in constructing a new power station at
Kurasini in Dar es Salaam, upcountry i.e.1936 (Mwanza), 1937 (Moshi), 1944 (Arusha) and in the
1950’s new branches were established at Tabora, Dodoma, Mbeya, Iringa, Lindi, Mtwara and
Morogoro.

After Tanganyika goes its independence on December 9, 1961, the government showed its interest
to purchase shares from two private companies.

Between 1964 and 1975 the government purchases all the shares from the two companies.

Development and construction since independence

Immediately after Independence, TANESCO started planning new power projects in order to meet
the increasing industrial, commercial and rural township power supply demands. Studies to
develop the country’s hydroelectric resource were commended in order to reduce the cost of
generation using imported diesel oil.

Hale hydropower plant

In 1962, construction of the 21-MW Hale hydropower station on the Pangani River, upstream from
Pangani Falls, was started, with an associated transmission line from hale to Dar es Salaam. This
power station was commissioned and formally opened by President Nyerere in 1964. At the same
time, supplies were extended to virtually all of the sisal estates in the Pangani area by the addition
of branches at Kilosa, Kimamba and Lushoto.
Other small generation and transmission projects

In 1967, augmentation of the existing generation and distribution systems in several towns was
commenced. Construction of the Ubungo diesel power station in Dar es Salaam, to replace the old
Kurasini plant, was completed in 1969. In the same year, the 8MW Nyumba ya Mungu
hydropower station on the headwaters of the Pangani River, and its associated transmission in
1969, while at Mwanza and Arusha extensions to the existing stations of 9MW and 6MW
respectively were completed to Tanga by a 65km wood pole transmission Salaam, Tanga and
Morogoro systems were made to feed new industrial complexes and factories.

Electrification to rural areas and small townships

In 1965 the Tanzania Government declared a policy line, and a transmission line to connect
Morogoro to the line from Hale at Chalinze was also built. The Moshi system was extended to
Machame. Various local extensions to the Dar es Salaam
Regarding electricity supplies to areas where economical operations were doubtful. Under this
policy, it was agreed that if TANESCO was required to provide power supply to townships which
for some time might be uneconomic, then the company would be subsidized by either the
Government, the local authority of prospective large consumers in the areas. Following this policy
decision, feasibility studies were conducted on several townships and subsequently the
Government electricity installations at Nachingwea and Mpwapwa were taken over by
TANESCO. New branches at Singida and Shinyanga were established and, in 1966, new power at
Musoma and Tukuyu were commissioned. In 1969 supplies to Mafia Island, Himo and Marangu
were established.
Extension of the Moshi system to Machame District was completed in 1974 with the electrification
of Chamwino, Ndurugumi, Kigwe, Kiabakari and ButiamaUjamaa villages. In 1970’s Handeni,
Tarime/Utegi, Kahama, Nzega, Njombe, Babati, Kondoa, Sumbawanga, Tunduma, Same and
Bagamoyo townships were electrified.
TANESCO and DARESCO decide to merge into a single organization to produce TANESCO,
which exists today. It was in 1968 that the name Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited was
adapted. The Government is currently the sole shareholder in TANESCO.
Great Ruaha power project

In 1968 proposals to build the first large hydroelectric power station in Tanzania were accepted by
the Tanzania Government and agreement to finance the project was reached among the
Government, the World Bank and the Swedish International Development Authority. This
development was at Kidatu on the Great Ruaha River, which was the implementation of the three
phases Great Ruaha Power Project (GRPP).
Construction of the first phase started in 1969. This involved a 40m high, rock-fill dam; and
underground power station large enough to accommodate four 50MW machines; about 350km of
high – voltage transmission line from Kidatu to Dar es Salaam; and the installation of two
generating units to supply 100MW to the grid system. Phase 1 of this project was commissioned
in mid-1975 and inaugurated by President J.K Nyerere in the same year.
Phase 11 development of the Great Ruaha Power Project started in 1977 and involved the
construction of a 45 m concrete dam at Mtera, 170km upstream from Kidatu, installation of the
two remaining 50MW generating units at Kidatu power station; and the relocation of the
Iringa/Dodoma road to pass over the Mtera dam. These works were completed in early 1981.
Kidatu/Dar es salaam, Hale/Moshi and Kidatu - IringaMufindi transmission lines
Associated with the Kidatu development was the construction of 350 km of high voltage
transmission line from Kidatu to Dar es Salaam to connect the power station to the coastal
grid. The line was financed by the Canadian and Tanzania Governments and was commissioned
in 1975.
In order to connect the northern towns of Arusha and Moshi to the coastal grid system, a
transmission line from Hale power station to the Kiyungi substation at Moshi was commissioned
in 1975. This was also financed by the Canadian and Tanzania Governments.
In 1979 work commenced on second major transmission line from the Kidatu power station. This
line, to be commissioned in 1983, runs westward to Iringa& then to the Mufindi pulp and paper
mill. It was planned to extend the line from Mufindi to Mbeya by 1984.
In 1976, through the Canadian International Development Agency, TANESCO Commissioned
Acres International Limited of Canada as consulting engineers to develop a master plan for
development of the electricity supply system for the next 30 years or so. The plan will be
periodically reviewed to ensure that it remains compatible with actual system growth, with revised
load forecasts and with changing economic circumstances.
The installed capacity of the hydroelectric power station at Kidatu was doubled in 1980 and its
capability was augmented by the construction of the storage dam and reservoir at Mtera, opened
by President J.K Nyerere in February 1981.
In addition to building large hydropower stations to serve the transmission grid system, TANESCO
has to continue upgrading its diesel-powered units at isolated centers. In 1983 new diesel power
stations at Mbeya, Dodoma and Tabora were commissioned. Six diesel sets were delivered in
1981 for installation at other existing stations, either to augment the installed capacity or to replace
worn out units.
In 1992, the government of Tanzania established the Parastatal Sector Reform Commission
(PSRC) whose main responsibilities were to ensure smooth privatization of the public corporations
with the aim of enhancing their efficiency. Since then the government has removed TANESCO’s
monopoly as the sole power generating and distributing company.
TANESCO established a business planning process in 1996 and the first corporate business plan
was out in 1997. The main objective of the Corporate Plan was to collectively assess and manage
risks in aspiring to achieve organizational long-term goals. It helps management to assess the
company’s capacity to survive shocks, to adapt to sudden change, and to capture new
opportunities.

Manpower development and administration

Between 1964 and 1979 the number of employees rose from 1,406 to 4,481. During the same
period the percentage of Tanzania citizens rose from 87 to 99.5 while the percentage of Tanzanians
in senior positions went from 19 to 99.2. TANESCO is now fully Tanzanian.
Since then the government owned 100 percent of the shares.
As in June 17, 2010, TANESCO had 5645 employees, 4516 men and 1129. Casual labors are 294
By 1999 the government decided to unbundled and privatize TANESCO to promote efficiency,
private sector participation and introduction of competition in electricity market. In 2005 the Board
of Directors approved a ‘Ring fenced’ organizational structure which has Managing Director at
the top, assisted by four General Managers.
In 2002 Net Group Solutions of South African, a private consultancy, was given a management
services contract to run Tanesco, and in September 2004, under pressure from the World Bank,
the contract was extended for a further two years, despite criticism of the high salaries paid to Net
Group managers.
In 2006 the Tanzanian government decided not to renew the contract because of poor performance:
“Tanzania was dissatisfied with the quality of management provided by Net Group Solutions and
added that the government was obliged to listen to the views of the public following complaints
about the quality of service being offered by Tanzania electric supply company (TANESCO).”

1.2 VISION AND MISSION OF THE COMPANY

1.2.1 VISION

To be an efficient and commercially focused utility supporting the development of Tanzania

1.2.2 MISSION

To generate, transmit and supply electricity in the most effective, competitive and sustainable
manner possible

1.3. POLICY OF THE COMPANY

We light up your life

1.4. DEPARTMENTS
TANESCO Mwanza region have the following departments

a) Distribution Department.
b) Customers Relation Department.
c) Finance Department.
d) Transmission Department.
e) Security Department.
f) Administration Department.
a) Distribution department

The distribution business department stands at the customer end of the electricity supply chain
and is therefore TANESCO’S Regions major interface with customers. It deals with
distribution of electricity ,promotion of services and all customer services matter .the
distribution department is headed by a principal engineer and it has six sections namely
workshop maintenance with three subsections namely Heavy current ,Light current ,and
Protection, Other are Generation ,System Control Planning Maintenance and Substations
which include Network extension ,Service line connection and project sub-units .the
department is also responsible for healthy and safety act as well as ruler electrification
.Generation section include Hydropower plants, thermal power plants.

b) Customer relations department

It is a special department for surveillance of customer relations officer who communicates and
deals with the operation of three sections namely the marketing, the call center, and larger
power user.

c) Finance department

It is through this section that the department oversees the operations of regional revenue and
other cash transactions. The department is headed by a chief financial officer with three main
sections namely Account revenue and Procurement and Transport Management.

d) Transmission department

TANESCO owns interconnected power grid made up of generation system and distribution
system.

e) Security department.
The department is a sensitive one and deals with the safe custody of company properties
and workers.
f) Administration department
The department is headed by Human resources officer and has only one section namely
human resource.
 PRODUCTS OR ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY TANESCO
TANESCO mainly deals with follows;

➢ Electricity generation
➢ Electricity transmission
➢ Electricity distribution
➢ Sale of electricity to the Tanzania mainland
➢ Maintenance and installation devices like transformer, meter and poles.

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

REGINAL MANAGER

SE RHRO RSO RA RSTO

DM RBAO

HRA
IT SYST ADM
BA SRA
SUPPLY STORE
ACCOUNTANT ASSISTANT
CE RPE ME PE

R. PROTECTION MAINS PLANNING ASSISTANT SENIOR

TECHINICIAN TECHNICIAN TECHNICIAN ACCOUNT ACCOUNTANT

KEY:
DM - District Manager
RBAO - Senior Engineer
SE - Senior Engineer
RHRO - Regional Human Resource Officer
 RSO - Regional Security Officer
RA - Regional Accountant
RSTO - Regional Store and Transport Officer
HRA - Human Resource Assistant
CE - Construction Engineer
RPE - Regional Protection Engineer
ME - Maintenance Engineer
PE - Planning Engineer
SRE - Senior Revenue Engineer

PART II; TECHNICAL REPORT

Introduction
ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION AND DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
Electrical substation
➢ A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution
system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform
any of several other important functions. Between generating station and
consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different
voltage levels. A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels
between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the
interconnection of two different transmission voltages.

Types of substations

Transformer may be described by their voltage class, their application within the power
system, the method used to insulate most connections, and by the style and materials of the
structures used. Here only two types of substations will be described in my report

1. Transmission substation
A transmission substation connects two or more transmission lines. The
simplest case is where all transmission lines have the same voltage. In such
cases, substation contains high-voltage switches that allow lines to be
 connected or isolated for fault clearance or maintenance. It may also have
transformers to control power flow between two adjacent power systems.
2. Distribution substation
A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the
distribution system of an area. Its main purpose is to transform voltage from
high to the required level for consumers use.
In addition to transforming voltage, distribution substations also isolate faults
in either the transmission or distribution systems.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TRANSFORMER

➢ Is the transformer with the purpose to adjust the high voltage to the standard voltage to be
used in electrical power delivery 11kV/240V

CONSTRUCTION OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

➢ The distribution transformer it involves oil tank, conservator, Buchholz relay, breather
unit, oil indicator, temperature monitor, pressure relief system, thermal relay, heater and
bushing are the main section of this transformer.
 TYPES OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

➢ Single phase transformer -these transformers are particularly used for network where
there is no need for three phase supply. These are usually used to repair suburban
overhead delivery loads. These are also applicable in applications for industrial lighting,
light commercial loads and electricity.
➢ Three phase transformer -this kind of transformer is used from the main distribution
circuit to a minor distribution circuit to store electrical energy. This kind of transformer
transmits the current to the secondary distribution circuit and the main distribution circuit
voltage is therefore decreased. Based on the customer specifications decrease the voltage
supply for the primary circuit.
➢ Pad -mounted transformer
➢ Pole mounted transformer

TOOLS AND MATERIALS USED FOR INSTALLATION OF DISTRIBUTION

TRANSFORMER

Tools used in transformer substation construction were;

❖ Mattocks
➢ Is a hand tool used for digging, prying and chopping more used for hole
preparation of substation.

❖ Spades and Hammers

➢ Spade is a tool used for digging straight-edged holes or trenches, slicing and
lifting sod, and edging flower beds or lawns. More used for hole preparation.
 ➢ A hammer is a tool used to destroy an object, improve the arrangement of
objects, nail wood, and forge metal. More used for transformer installation.

❖ Cutting pliers and combination pliers

➢ Used for gripping, compressing, bending, twisting, extracting and cutting of
various materials especially wire

❖ Spanners and pipe wrenches

➢ Spanner is tools used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying
torque to turn objects. More used to tight and loss nut and bolt in transformer.

Materials used were;

➢ Transformer, 12m Wooden pole, 9m Wooden pole, stay blocks, Bolts and nuts,
L.V insulator, D-iron, binding wire, stay wire, stay insulator,100𝑚𝑚2 ABC
 conductor, aluminum conductor, cross arms, drop out fuse, cutting outs, lighting
arrestors, earth rods, LV cable outlets, copper earth wire and neutral wire.

WORK PROCEDURES FOR IN STALLATION OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

➢ First all prepare hole for fixing the pole in the specify distance which is
approximately 4M p to 5M then dig the hole for the earth and neutral wire and
that of arrestor also set cross arm for the transformer base which is about 4M
from the ground level then set the other cross arms for the drop out fuse and pilot.
➢ Put the transformer on its base and make sure that its fixed well in clear level
means the total weight of the transformer is balanced at the center of its base, fix
the drop out fuse on the fist cross arm from the above then followed by fixing
pilot and surge arrestor in the second cross arm.
➢ Connect the transmission wire from high voltage source to the drop out fuse
make sure that the fuses are open (off) means that they do not allow the flow of
current, Also connect the wire from the drop out to the pilot and then to the high
voltage terminal according to the standard A B and C and neutral wire and the
output voltage wire in the low voltage terminal, also connect the earth wire on the
transformer cases in order to allow the ground of excess electros to the ground.
➢ Connect the fuse link on the fuse makes sure that the fuse link varies proportional
to the amount of current passing through the transformer this will safety when
there is excess amount of current passing through the fuse, Also connect the cut
out fuse for the low voltage transmission this will ensure safety to the low
voltage users (customers) in case of any emergence or faults we se to remove the
cut out fuse to reduce the effects.
➢ Measure the amount output voltage on the cut out fuse the allowed amount of
voltage to the customer is 220V-250V this is for and neutral also measure for the
phase to phase voltage which is approximately to 320V then allows the electricity
to the customer if each and everything is clear.
CONCLUSION

In transformer installation need high accuracy in order to minimize the effects of loose
connection which can cause electric shock of transformer. Supervisor or engineer should check if
each and everything is clear before to allow transformer to take a load it can be visual inspection
or measurement inspection in order to know the certain condition of the transformer. Also, in
transformer we are not allowed to charge the line of transformer until all the team work members
are present on8 the assembly point

RECOMMANDATION

All distribution transformer it is better to install by H pole means above from the ground but not
to put it to the ground that is because if installed at the ground some of the organisms it is very
easy to be affected by the transformer rather than to the one installed by H pole.
REFERENCE

• www.tanesco.ac.tz.com
• www.transformer installation.com
• Electrical books/Power Plants, Transmissions, Distribution, Substations.