i

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FACEBOOK USAGE INTENSITY

AND SOCIALIZATION OF HCM SHS

Submitted to:

Mr. Matias Mercado

Practical Research 2 Teacher

Submitted by:

Basio, Angel Lorraine R.

Canlapan, Kirstine Irish B.
Maligro, James Ivan A.
Quiamco, John Cameron B.
Resurreccion, Aj Ina L.
Tigaldao, Junalyn N.
Urquiza, Evan Dominic C.

Our Lady of the Holy Rosary

(December, 2023)
 ii

APPROVAL SHEET

The research attached hereto entitled, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

FACEBOOK USAGE INTENSITY AND SOCIALIZATION OF HCM SHS,
prepared and submitted by BASIO, ANGEL LORRAINE R., CANLAPAN,
KIRSTINE IRISH B., MALIGRO JAMES IVAN A., QUIAMCO JOHN
CAMERON B., RESURRECCION AJ INA L., TIGALDAO JUNALYN L.,
and URQUIZA EVAN DOMINIC C., in partial fulfillment of the
requirements in Practical Research 2 is hereby, recommended for
approval and acceptance.

Approved by the Research Advisory Committee

MR. MATIAS L. MERCADO, JR., MBA

Adviser
December ____ , 2023
Date Signed

MRS. MARICAR C. YATAN

SHS Focal Point Person
______________
Date Signed

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements in, Practical

Research 2 (Quantitative Research Paper).

SR. ZOSIMA A. ESCOLANO, PM

High School Principal/ School Director
______________
Date Signed
 iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers wanted to express their heartfelt gratitude to the

following persons who have provided support and worthy contributions to
complete this study;

Mr. Matias L. Mercado, Jr., the researchers’ adviser, who had

constantly shared his time, expertise, concern, guidance, assistance, and
encouragement that made this endeavor be motivated and had a great
success;

Sister. Zosima A. Escolano, PM, the High School principal and

Director of the School. Also, Miss Maricar C. Yatan, the SHS Focal Point
for approving the research proposal;

To the committee, for the guidance, suggestions, and comments

that had been shared which resulted in the refinement of this research
paper.

To all the student-respondents who generously share their time in

giving their answers on the Research Survey Questionnaires;

The researchers parents, sister, and brother, who endlessly gave

their unending support, love, assistance, and prayers to the researchers;
and

Most of all, the Almighty God, for being the source of their
motivation, strength and vigor that fuels the researchers with so much
strength that he cannot accomplish all these things without His guidance
and protection, for providing the researcher gifts of wisdom, passion, and
determination to accomplish this Research Study.
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DEDICATION

We would like to dedicate this to God, our Father Almighty, the

source of our strength, wisdom, and guidance. The researchers are
deeply grateful for His blessings, which gives researchers the opportunity
to explore new horizons. Without him, we will never be able to conduct this
study;

Also, we would like to express our heartfelt appreciation to the

Students who use Facebook intensively and to socialize, we dedicate this
research to you. Your positivity, strength, understanding, and courage in
sharing your perspective has given us a great opportunity to craft a
research study to help other students and individuals;

We also want to express our gratitude to Mr. Matias L. Mercado,

Jr., who guides us in making our research study, to be great,
understandable, and possible enough;

To our Classmates from Grade 12- Our Lady of The Holy Rosary,
our Senior High Family who also support and help us to achieve what we
want in our research;

We dedicated this research to our beloved families, who have

been supporting us since the beginning of our journey in research and
have been our foundation, and have seen our struggles and potentials, we
dedicate this research to you. Your understanding, encouragement, and
sacrifices have given us inspiration, strength and positivity to overcome
the challenges and pursue what we want in this research; and

Lastly, to the researchers BASIO, ANGEL LORRAINE R.,

CANLAPAN, KIRSTINE IRISH B., MALIGRO JAMES IVAN A.,
QUIAMCO JOHN CAMERON B., RESURRECCION AJ INA L.,
TIGALDAO JUNALYN L., and URQUIZA EVAN DOMINIC C., for all the
life problems, conflict, stress, pressure, and sleepless nights had been
gone just to meet the deadlines. We did well, Congratulations to us.
 v

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

The researchers BASIO, ANGEL LORRAINE R., CANLAPAN, KIRSTINE

IRISH B., MALIGRO JAMES IVAN A., QUIAMCO JOHN CAMERON B.,
RESURRECCION AJ INA L., TIGALDAO JUNALYN L., and URQUIZA
EVAN DOMINIC C., declare that this research is original to the best of
their knowledge.
Researchers

BASIO, ANGEL LORRAINE R.

CANLAPAN, KIRSTINE IRISH B.

MALIGRO, JAMES IVAN A.

QUIAMCO, JOHN CAMERON B.

RESURRECCION, AJ INA L.

TIGALDAO, JUNALYN N.

URQUIZA, EVAN DOMINIC C.

December _ , 2023
Date Signed
 vi

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the relationship between Facebook usage

intensity and socialization among individuals. The study included 100

participants from Senior High School students. The purpose of the study is

to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of Facebook on social

interactions and to explore how users' level of engagement with Facebook

influences their socialization patterns. This study aims to examine if the

intensity of Facebook usage affects individuals' socialization behaviors,

considering the potential implications it may have on personal

relationships and social well-being. Preliminary analysis of the collected

data indicates a correlation between higher Facebook usage intensity and

a decrease in face-to-face socialization activities. Participants who

reported spending excessive time on Facebook also expressed feeling a

reduced sense of social connectedness in offline relationships. The study

suggests that the intensity of Facebook usage has a direct impact on

individuals' socialization patterns, specifically in terms of reduced offline

social interaction and potentially diminished social connectedness. These

findings provide valuable insights for individuals, researchers, and

policymakers to further understand the consequences of excessive

Facebook use on individuals' social lives and overall well-being.

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Table of Contents

Page

Title Page i

Approval Sheet ii

Acknowledgment iii

Dedication iv

Declaration of Originality v

Abstract vi

Table of Contents vii

CHAPTER

1 Introduction 1

Statement of the Problem 4

Hypothesis 4

Review of Related Literature 5

Theoretical Framework 17

Conceptual Framework 19

Significance of the study 20

 viii

Scope and delimitations 21

Definition of terms 22

2 Method 24

Research Design 24

Research Locale 25

Respondents and Sampling Technique 26

Research Instruments 26

Data Gathering Procedures 27

Data Analysis 28

Ethical Considerations 29

3 Results 30

4 Discussion 34

Conclusion 39

Recommendation 40

References 42

Appendices 48

Curriculum Vitae 59
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Facebook and other social media have become a way for students

to socialize and sometimes get some ideas. Facebook is one of the

popular social networking sites that was created by Mark Zuckerberg in

2004. This platform of social media is used to connect with friends and

family. You can also share posts, such as news, updates, entertainment,

videos, and photos, it also engages with group chats or in other

communities that have a wide range of topics. Using Facebook for a long

period of time can produce some problems that you can adapt or get, such

as addiction and eye problems. We know that in our daily lives, Facebook

is one we will find and remember first thing in the morning, so Facebook

has become part of our lives. Using Facebook on a day can also create

good things in which you can socialize with other people, and update.

Students nowadays are addicted to using Facebook, especially since the

pandemic hit. It affects the habits of the student, also it affects how much

time an individual can consume in using facebook especially when

interacting with other people.

According to We Are Social (2017), social media usage has

increased significantly worldwide in this past year. Individuals around the

 3

world spend much more than two hours a day on using social media.

Facebook lets users connect and interact with other people and access a

number of devices. Since Facebook was launched, facebook has been

able to reach 1.52 billion daily active individuals and also 2.32 billion

monthly active individuals (Facebook Newsroom, 2018), also facebook

has been listed as the third most visited social media platform in the united

kingdom than the Google and Youtube (Alexa Internet Inc., 2018).

Facebook became the most successful social media platform among the

young users, with an estimated 2.41 billion monthly active users worldwide

(Zephoria, 2019).

The Philippines is one country that had a high consumption of

hours on different social media platforms, especially Facebook which had

an average of 6 hours and 17 minutes of usage via tablet, laptop, or PC.

There are over 54,000,000 individuals who use social media platforms in

the Philippines. Filipinos are more active and online for 6 hours per day

(McGrath, 2015). In the Philippines, there are 47 million individuals who

use Facebook (Internetworldstats.com, 2015). According to Stone, 2014,

social media especially Facebook, and smartphones have been adopted

by Filipinos, that the Philippines was once called the “selfie capital of the

World”, according to TIME’s analysis from Makati City and Pasig City

Manila observe that Filipinos had 258 selfie-takers per 100,000

individuals. According to Wickham and Acitelli (2014), they found that

there is a relationship between the amount of time spent on Facebook and

 4

the depressive symptoms that were made a uniquely upward,

non-directional, and downward Facebook social comparison.

According to the study of abellana et al., students from the

University of Mindanao (2019), the 20th century has been an era of

technology and its development and humans nowadays can’t make their

day complete without technology. As the world stays longer, the more

technology becomes a necessity and begins to be a part of day-to-day

living. As we communicate and drive vehicles, technology is used. Social

media, especially facebook is the product of technology that also creates

its own fame. According to Davao City Facebook Stats (2019), facebook

has been recorded to have approximately 1.5 to 2 million users that were

present in the economic hub of Mindanao.

The study on the relationship between facebook usage intensity

and socialization is highly relevant in today’s digital age. As one of the

most widely used social networking sites in the world, Facebook, it is

crucial to comprehend how its usage affects how people socialize. The

results of this study could provide valuable insights on how excessive

facebook usage affects social interactions, interpersonal relationships, and

general wellbeing. Understanding the relationship between facebook

usage intensity and socialization can also aid in developing strategies to

promote healthy, balanced use of social media platforms and promote

face-to-face interactions in order to maintain robust social connections in

real life.
 5

Statement of the Problem

The main aim of this study is to determine the significant

relationship between SHS students Facebook usage intensity and their
Socialization.

Specifically, it seeks answers to the following questions:

1. What is the respondent’s perceived level of Facebook usage intensity

in terms of:

1.1 part of daily life and activities

1.2 proud to be a Facebook user

2. What is the respondent’s perceived level of socialization in terms of:

2.1 social acceptance

2.2 acculturation

3. Is there a significant relationship between respondent’s Facebook

usage intensity and their level of socialization?

Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant relationship between respondent’s Facebook

usage intensity and their level of socialization
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Review of Related Literature

Modern study has focused extensively on the connection between

social media use and its effects on numerous facets of human interaction.

In-depth analysis of Facebook usage intensity and its impact on students'

sociability at HCM Senior High School is the focus of this study. Given how

widespread social media sites like Facebook are in young people's lives, it

is crucial to look into how their level of activity on these sites may affect

how they socialize. The goal of this review of related literature is to give a

thorough assessment of earlier studies, hypotheses, and conclusions

pertinent to the connection between Facebook usage frequency and

socializing among students at HCM SHS.

Facebook

Facebook is a website that enables users to connect online with

friends, coworkers, and complete strangers after creating a free profile. It

enables users to share their own views and opinions with any number of

people they choose, along with images, music, videos, and articles. For

social networking, those who still utilize it. Because teenagers are adept

multitaskers, using Facebook and other social networking sites is for many

of them like second nature. Social networking networks give young people

the freedom to explore their identities. Teens may share their own,

unfettered voices with peers online, which makes them popular (Webster,

2018). The use of Facebook has increased significantly over the last ten
 7

years, transforming how people interact, communicate, and live.

Facebook, which has 2.958 billion monthly active members, is still the

most popular social media network despite the existence of several others

(Statista, 2023). Despite the fact that Facebook has become more and

more popular, experts and professionals have started to voice worries

about how it may affect mental health. As a result of the processes of

social comparison and their effects, being exposed to social media is

typically linked to changes in self-evaluation (which includes self-esteem).

The most widely used social networking platform among teenagers

in college is now Facebook. Due to its popularity, it is now seen as a

suitable platform for educational purposes. Currently, Facebook is more

adapted to facilitating online interaction among learners (Al-Dheleai &

Tasir, 2017). Students who use social networking sites frequently and

actively have a positive perception of using them for educational

purposes; the intensity of social networking sites usage is also associated

with a positive perception of educational use (Ean et al., 2016). Sobaih et

al. (2016), on the other hand, while educators stated that social media has

great potential as a teaching and learning tool, actual use of social media

in education was found to be minimal. Wang and Kim (2016) indicated that

Facebook supported authentic tasks in second language learning. Other

individuals' may see Facebook as an addictive cyberspace and a way to

sabotage interpersonal relationships. Facebook is defined by the literature

 8

as an excessive attachment that an individual may frequently cause

problems in day-to-day social functioning (Kaye, 2018).

Researchers have explored how Facebook use relates to life

happiness (Blanchnio et al., 2016) and the impact of the number of

Facebook friends (Tromholt, 2016). Social networking services, especially

Facebook, have helped people maintain social connections, engage in

civic activities, and promote entrepreneurship (Cheng et al., 2019).

Moghavvemi & Salarzadeh (2017) studied students' intent to use

Facebook for education and found that increased familiarity led to a

greater intention to use. They also noted that Facebook served as a

complementary tool for sharing course-related materials, enhancing

learning opportunities.

Benefits of using Facebook

The creation of Facebook has significantly increased interpersonal

communication. Facebook is blamed by some for communication

problems. The communication between people is weakened when they

communicate via messaging rather than in-person meetings. This is

untrue, as Facebook facilitates communication amongst people living in

various cities or nations. Even if they are separated by borders and cannot

meet in person, friends and relatives can connect extremely easily. Due to

the fact that there are over 1.74 billion active mobile users on Facebook,
 9

people may also access Facebook from mobile devices, and this option is

quite helpful for many users (Facebook, 2020).

Facebook is a fantastic resource for education. Lectures and other

course materials can be shared by professors with the class, and

discussions on the material can even be had between classmates.

Parents can receive updates on their children's academic achievement

and teachers can communicate with their kids. Teachers can use the

website's forum when they need assistance with inquiries from their pupils

(Prasanna, 2022).

Students can express themselves on Facebook and showcase

their skills and experiences through games and activities. Their academic

performance improves when they spend time on Facebook, proving that it

has no negative effects on their education. It is predicted that the study's

findings would offer precise understandings of how a student's behavioral

variables influence their academic success. The most widely used social

networking site of all time, Facebook has made it possible to connect with

people from all over the world and has many advantages for both personal

and professional use. Facebook is also free and one of the best

communication tools, allowing you to connect with people from all over the

world.
 10

Students who participate in online social networking and engage in

peer interaction are more likely to feel better, be healthier, improve their

effects, learn collaboratively, build their self-esteem, foster a positive

relationship with their university, and achieve academic achievement

(Al-Rahmi & Othman, 2014). According to QS Topuniversities.com (2013),

research on students' use of the internet in 26 different countries, more

than 50% of respondents claimed to constantly use Facebook, Twitter,

YouTube, LinkedIn, and Pinterest. People use Facebook for a variety of

purposes.

Disadvantages of Facebook

According to Prasanna (2022), Facebook is seen as more of a

distraction than a benefit. It can consume your time, hinder productivity,

and negatively impact your lifestyle. Some users even check it right after

waking up. Facebook is notorious for being addictive and disrupting sleep

due to the blue light emitted by devices. Cyberbullying on the platform is a

serious concern.

Recent studies suggest that some people may become addicted to

social networking sites like Facebook, with reasons like relationship

maintenance and entertainment contributing to this addiction. It can have

both positive effects, like improving relationships, and negative effects,

such as academic and health problems. In summary, Facebook has a dual

impact on people's lives, offering both benefits and drawbacks, including

 11

the opportunity to enhance social skills and creativity while also posing

risks like addiction and negative consequences.

Facebook Usage Intensity

Facebook has had a significant good impact on the current

generation. It can be a way to maintain long-distance relationships with

friends and family and a communication tool, particularly when working on

group projects and assignments when Facebook is used to complete

group tasks. On the other side, Facebook has a lot of negative effects on

today's generation that result in anxiety during social interactions, which

affects how individuals behave. It may be demotivating to not complete

and successfully complete tasks. Social interactions have changed as a

result of social media.

Part of Daily Life and Activities

Facebook intensely were more likely to compare themselves with

others and had a negative feeling from comparison. Along the same line

Facebook usage was linked to negative social comparison, which would

lead to negative perception about a person's social competence and

physical attractiveness. (Lee et.al, 2014; De Vries and Kuhne, 2015). A

person's social traits that are impacted by sadness or anxiety are also

important. A feeling of well-being. According to modern mental health

theories, being happy is not necessary for mental wellness.

 12

A number of studies have revealed that depressed symptoms can

worsen as Facebook usage increases. For instance, (Hansen, 2017)

found that people who are experiencing signs of depression tend to be

more active on Facebook, sharing and documenting life events more

frequently. Additionally, using Facebook might cause users to feel stressed

out, anxious, and depressed. The more people used Facebook, the more

depressed they later felt, according to an intriguing study that used a

longitudinal daily diary method (Kross et al., 2013). Similar to this, a study

involving 312 college students indicated that those who spent 20 minutes

passively surfing Facebook reported lower moods than those who spent

the same amount of time merely browsing the internet (Yuen et al., 2018).

According to some authors, people who are active on Facebook

feel as though they spent their time and did something that was only

marginally meaningful (Sagioglou, & Greitemeyer, 2014). Additionally,

using Facebook might cause users to feel stressed out, anxious, and

depressed. The more people used Facebook, the more depressed they

later felt, according to an intriguing study that used a longitudinal daily

diary method (Kross et al., 2013). According to some authors, people who

are active on Facebook feel as though they spent their time and did

something that was only marginally meaningful (Sagioglou, &

Greitemeyer, 2014). Although some studies have indicated that Facebook

has psychological advantages, such as the perception of emotional and

 13

social support from others (Akbulut & Günüç, 2012; Gilmour et al., 2022;

Zayts-Spence et al., 2023); the reduction of feelings of isolation (Asante &

Nyarko, 2014); or a greater sense of health and wellness satisfaction

(Asbury & Hall, 2013), there are also some serious drawbacks

Inappropriate usage of Facebook can also make preexisting mental health

issues worse, including anxiety, depression, and a propensity for

psychosis (Fekih-Romdhane et al., 2023).

Proud to be Facebook User

Being a Facebook user greatly aids in their ability to convey their

emotions, experiences, and feelings. People, especially women, now

frequently turn to Facebook to find solace when they're feeling lonely,

depressed, hurt, or disappointed. Your Facebook account will continuously

ask you "what's on your mind" when you check in. This query is frequently

interpreted as a "how are you" question, which is typically asked by a

caring person. Furthermore, your pals frequently hang out on social

networking sites. They will be alert to your updates and be able to console

you and assist you right away. Facebook teaches users to be more

outgoing and self-assured. The reserved individuals open up and for the

majority.

Facebook helps people to express themselves, and for the most

part, they enjoy it because doing so relieves them. Users on Facebook

have the option of expressing their love, sympathy, and rage. On the
 14

streets, you wouldn't dare shout and express yourself, but you could do it

on Facebook. Facebook also contributes to deeper relationships because

of this. Conflicts may get more tense as a result, though. People enjoy

Facebook because it allows them to express themselves freely, subject to

the norms and guidelines set forth by the social network. As long as you

have access to the Internet, you can communicate with your pals

whenever you want from anywhere in the globe.

As long as there is a connection to the internet, you can talk to your

friends whenever you want from any part of the globe. Facebook has

made everyone's world smaller and flatter. We may now connect with

thousands of people through social media, making them our friends with

whom we can communicate at any time and from any location in the

world. Time and distance are no longer limitations. So being a Facebook

user has many benefits on people not just for expressing their thoughts

but can be used on their daily basis.

Socialization

Socialization is part and parcel of the young adult in their daily life

(Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010). In today's world, one of the easiest and

fastest ways to socialize is through Facebook. Facebook usage has been

receiving numerous attention. Some say it brings positive impact on

students' Academic Performance (Junco, 2012), some say no impact

 15

(Kolek & Saunders, 2008) while others say there is negative impact

(Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010).

The main aim of this study is to examine the relationship between

Socialization with Facebook usage intensity and between Facebook usage

intensity with Academic Performance. In addition, the study will also

analyze whether Facebook usage mediates the relationship between

Socialization and Academic Performance. It is important to study

Facebook application in terms of its input (antecedents), process

(Facebook usage) and output (i.e. the impact) as it provides a more

holistic view rather than just focussing on the input or output on its own

Gholami et al., (2013).

The review related literature played a significant role in shaping our

research as it provided essential insights and contributions of facebook. It

can provide information about the use of facebook to socialize with other

people. It emphasized the positive aspects of increased socialization

opportunities and the development of online friendships. It also highlighted

potential negative consequences such as reduced face-to-face

interactions and feelings of loneliness resulting from excessive usage of

facebook.

Correlation between measures

Vogel et al., (2014) did two studies on Facebook, self-esteem,

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social comparison, and mood. People who used Facebook more

frequently had lower trait self-esteem and were more likely to report

making upward and downward social comparisons, according to the first

study. Additionally, researchers discovered that upward social comparison,

but not downward, explained the link between Facebook use and trait

self-esteem. The results of the second study showed that viewers of a

target profile that contained upward social (such as material from a social

network with high activity) or upward personal (such as content from

positive images and status updates) content had lower reported levels of

self-esteem and more adverse opinions of themselves. According to their

findings, exposure to user profiles with upward comparison content, such

as those of physically attractive, fit, and active social networking users,

was associated with lower state self-esteem and negative self-evaluations

Facebook has distinguished itself from other social networks by

expanding social networks, offering an active flow of information, and

staying current on friends' lives. These social media communication tools

have helped Facebook quickly become popular among its users. Thanks

to improvements in communication technologies, our friends are now only

a short distance away. Facebook, in example, enables us to post

enhanced cyber-images from our daily lives. People who are eager to

exchange information in an intimate and personal setting now have a new

avenue to do so thanks to this aspect of society. People frequently use

 17

this amazing medium for social communication, which has led to the

development of a world of virtual friendship. People occasionally view

Facebook friendship as superficial and arrogant due to its virtual nature

(Niedzviecki, 2011).

Facebook has set itself apart from other social networks by growing

social networks, providing a live information stream, and keeping up with

friends' lifestyles. These social media communication technologies have

aided Facebook's rapid user adoption. By developing social networks,

offering a live information stream, and keeping up with friends' lifestyles,

Facebook has distinguished itself from other social networks. These social

media communication tools have facilitated the quick user adoption of

Facebook. Facebook distinguishes itself from other social networks by

creating social networks, providing a live information stream, and keeping

up with friends' lifestyles. The quality of social connections is impacted by

connectedness behavior in interactions with friends, family, and the social

environment. According to the results of current research, there are

cultural and generational disparities in how socially acceptable people

evaluate internet connection during meals or meetings. The study of how

the media affects relationships in the modern era has gained popularity.

Researchers, however, are unable to draw conclusions about the linked

effects on socialization because the subject is novel and dynamic.

 18

The study looked at the connection between university students in

Malaysia's socialization, Facebook using frequency, and academic

performance. It was discovered that only one socialization factor, i.e.

Acculturation was not found to be significant, however social acceptance

was found to significantly predict Facebook usage intensity. Additionally, it

was discovered that Facebook Usage Intensity had a strong correlation

with Academic Performance. This runs counter to the majority of earlier

studies that claimed that more Facebook usage was associated with lower

academic performance (Junco, 2012; Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010).

Finally, the findings indicated that Facebook Usage Intensity played a

mediating function in the association between Social Acceptance and

Academic Performance; however, Acculturation did not mediate the

relationship between the two categories. In their study of how Facebook

use affects socialization, Yu et al. (2010) hypothesized that there might be

a reciprocal relationship between the variables.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored to the theory of Blumler and Katz in 1974,

Uses and Gratification Theory. This theory discusses the effects of the

media on other people. It states the perception of people with the usage of

media in their daily lives, on how significant media is to them in order to

appease their wants and needs. Which links to the study of how Facebook

plays a significant role as a platform wherein Senior High School students

 19

utilize social media in order to socialize and interact with other people.

Nonetheless, it is important to note that media can also have its negative

effects on the mental health of a person. Blumler and Katz stated in the

theory that there are four categories of gratification that users seek;

Entertainment, Personal Relationships, Personal Identity, and Surveillance

(McQuail, 2000).

Moreover, this study is also supported by the theory “Cognitive

Dissonance Theory” of Leon Festinger (1957). Which is in line with the

study, on how the information a person can obtain on media will affect the

beliefs and values of a person, resulting in confusion about their

personality and identity. It shows how Facebook can be a crucial factor on

a person’s identity and their thinking. Especially nowadays, most

teenagers are now using and are greatly exposed to thoughts and

opinions of others without fully knowing the whole truth. And because of

that, the ability to comprehend and recognize which one a person to

believe is indistinct, and a person can choose a wrong decision to make.

Lastly, a theory that is also anchored by this study is the Cognitive

theory by Piaget (1930). This theory discussed that a person might be

influenced with their behavior and actions about the ideas of other people

around them. It suggests that a person’s behavior and its surrounding and

environment are connected to one another. And with Facebook, it gives a

 20

wider accessibility to the environment of other people, in other places.

Which means people can be easily influenced by others through the

media. And the time that is spent on this platform will play a major role in a

Senior High School student’s behavior.

Conceptual Framework

Level of Facebook Usage Intensity Level of Socialization

● Part of daily life and activities - Social Acceptance

● Proud to be a Facebook user - Acculturation

Figure 1: The figure shows the research study’s conceptual framework, it

indicates the independent and dependent variables.

The correlation between the Level of usage intensity of Facebook to the

Level of Socialization is that they are both adapted by the users also, their

perceptions on the use of facebook nowadays. Also the independent

variable relates to how frequently the users used facebook. While the

dependent variable relates to how an individual accepts and adjusts on

socializing With other people using Facebook.

 21

Significance of the Study

The study's findings will provide the foundation for further research

in order to produce and provide additional valuable data that is important

to the following:

Students themselves stand to benefit significantly from this study.

By understanding the relationship between Facebook usage intensity and

socialization, students can become more self-aware about their online

behavior and evaluate the impact it may have on their social skills and

relationships.

Teachers can integrate the study's insights into their classroom

practices, highlighting the importance of face-to-face interactions and

social skills development. They can raise awareness among students

about the potential negative effects of excessive Facebook usage on

socialization and devise strategies to mitigate these impacts.

Parents. This study will help them gain valuable insights from this

study. It can assist parents in overcoming the challenges of parenting in

the digital era by providing proposals based on solid research on how to

control their children’s facebook usage. Parents may encourage healthier

behaviors, improved family communication, and general well-being for

 22

their kids by helping them realize the possible negative effects of

excessive online socializing.

School administrators. The study’s findings will be useful to the

school administrators since they’ll gain information that supports their

judgements regarding the control of facebook usage on school grounds.

They can utilize the research findings to develop strategies that encourage

responsible use of social media platforms that foster a positive learning

environment.

Future researchers. This study will serve as a foundation for

further research, enabling researchers to explore factors that may

influence the relationship between social media and social skills

development. Future researchers will find this study significant as it adds

to the existing knowledge about the effects of facebook usage on

socialization.

Scope and Delimitations

This study focuses on investigating the relationship between

Facebook usage intensity and socialization among 100 participants from

HCM SHS (Holy Cross Mintal Senior High School). The study aims to

understand how the frequency and intensity of Facebook use may impact

the socialization patterns and behaviors of high school students in HCM

 23

SHS. It involves collecting data through surveys, interviews, and possibly

observations to gain insights into this relationship.

This study has a relatively small sample size of 100 participants.

While this sample size can provide valuable insights into the specific

context of HCM SHS, it may not be representative of all high school

students. The findings should be interpreted with caution and may not be

applicable to broader populations.

The study's cross-sectional design captures a snapshot of the

relationship between Facebook usage intensity and socialization at a

specific point in time. It does not account for changes over time or the

potential for causal relationships. Longitudinal studies would be necessary

to establish the directionality of any observed associations.

Definition of Terms

Facebook Usage Intensity- In this study it refers to the frequency usage of

how much do students’ consume in terms of their time, the

amount of time they consume using Facebook can affect their

 24

thinking and their activities. This will be measured as Strongly

Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree.

Socialization – In this study it refers to how an individual makes friends

and interacts with other people with the help of Facebook

usage. Also, how individuals find ways to be connected with

other people and to know each other, especially nowadays

that we are dependent on using facebook as a connection.

 25

CHAPTER 2

METHODS

This study aims to examine the relationship between facebook

usage intensity and socialization of HCM SHS. In this section, different

elements will be presented that will be handed carefully in order to fully

grasp the overall scope of the study. This chapter presents the methods to

be followed in conducting this study. This includes the discussion of

research design, research locale, respondents and sampling technique,

research instruments, data gathering procedures, data analysis, and

ethical considerations.

Research Design

The research design to be used in this study is non-experimental

quantitative research specifically descriptive-correlation. According to

McBurney & White (2009), the Descriptive correlational design was used

in different research studies that aimed to provide a static picture of

situations, as well as establish the relationship between the different

variables. This quantitative research method aims to describe or explain

two or more variables and their relationships.

 26

Research Locale

This research study will be conducted in Davao City, Philippines,

particularly in Holy Cross of Mintal. The participants are coming from

Senior High School students of Holy Cross of Mintal, Inc. Holy Cross of

Mintal Inc. will be located on the southern part of Mindanao, in Purok 14,

Yellowbell street, Barangay Mintal, Davao City, Philippines. In Figure 2.

Shows the whole map of the Philippines. While Figure 3. Shows the

specific location of Holy Cross of Mintal Inc. where the study will be

conducted. Holy Cross of Mintal, Inc. is a school that provides quality

education from basic to primary and secondary level. They also provide

different academic strands for the Senior High School students in

compliance with the K-12 program

Figure 2. Map of the Philippines

Figure 3. The map of Davao City

.
 27

Respondents and Sampling Technique

The respondents to this study will be drawn from various age

groups, genders, and backgrounds to ensure diversity. We will randomly

select 100 participating students who are active users of social media,

with specific focus on facebook in Holy Cross of Mintal SHS in Davao City

during the school year 2023-2024. These participants will be selected

randomly from each stratum to achieve a balanced representation in the

research.

Probability sampling particularly, random sampling, shall be used in

this study. 100 respondents selected in Holy Cross of Mintal Senior high

school will be the target sample size and the students who are active in

social media. According to (Creswell, 2008, p. 358), random sampling

involves randomly choosing an amount of people from more people with

no bias or pattern. Random sampling would include choosing research

participants in a way that ensures everyone has an equal chance of being

included, in the context of studying the relationship between Facebook

usage intensity and socialization.

Research Instruments

In this study, the researcher will be using the survey questionnaire.

Survey questionnaire serves as a data collection instrument that requires

respondents to answer a prepared set of questions. The questionnaire

 28

helps the researcher to gather information and examine the students

perspective towards, Relationship Between Facebook Usage Intensity and

Socialization experience in (HCM SHS) students. The questions that were

created came from the subtopics of our Review of Related Literature. The

researchers will use 5 to 1 rating scale (Strongly agree) to (Strongly

Disagree) as the basis to check the opinion of the respondents and the

frequency of how strong and weak they use Facebook.

Data Gathering Procedures

Stratified sampling will be employed to select research respondents

from the senior high school student population at Holy Cross of Mintal.

This sampling technique involves dividing the population into distinct

subgroups or strata based on relevant characteristics, and then selecting

a proportionate number of respondents from each stratum. This method

ensures that the sample is not only representative of the entire student

population but also provides a deeper understanding of how different

subgroups within the population may vary in terms of Facebook usage

intensity and socialization habits.

In this case, the first thing to do is identify the key stratification

criteria, which could include factors such as grade level, gender, and age.

Once these strata are determined, a random sample will be selected from

each stratum, ensuring that each subgroup is adequately represented in

the study. By doing so, the research will capture a more comprehensive
 29

view of how various student groups at Holy Cross of Mintal, based on

these identified characteristics, engage with Facebook and their

socialization patterns.

This approach enhances the reliability and generalizability of the

research findings, as it acknowledges the potential diversity within the

senior high school student population and allows for more nuanced

insights into the relationship between Facebook usage intensity and

socialization among different student strata. Consequently, the results of

the study can offer valuable insights and recommendations that are more

tailored to the specific needs and behaviors of distinct student groups

within the school.

Data Analysis

The statistical tools that will be used in this study are descriptive

statistics and tests for correlations. Acquiring the mean of the data shall be

used in order to determine the association between the Facebook usage

and socialization of the Senior High School Students of Holy Cross of

Mintal. Finally, Pearson r Product of Moment of correlation will be used to

determine the relationship between the usage of Facebook and the

socialization of the Senior High School Students of HCM.

 30

Ethical Considerations

The researchers' took precautions to ensure that the participants'

privacy was protected in compliance with the Data Privacy Act of 2012.

Prior to starting the study, participants' permission will need to be

obtained. The researchers' shall respect and maintain the privacy of the

chosen participants' personal information in a confidential manner.

Proper use of ethics as the responsibility of the researchers will be

taken into account, not only for the sake of the research but also for the

participants. This is to ensure that the research will not violate the rights

and privacy of the subjects, and avoid misuse of information. Handling of

information gathered from reliable sources and the participants is a

priority, ensuring that this research maintains its integrity in conducting the

study. Through Informed Consent, the participants will be informed of the

research, its goals, and more importantly, how it will benefit them. The

method in which the information and data are gathered will be done with

caution and care, to not compromise the participants’ valuable information

and the research as a whole. Providing that the participants agree to join

the interviews and group discussions, the measure of protecting the

participants’ anonymity is taken seriously without question.

 31

CHAPTER 3

RESULTS

Presented in this chapter is the statistical results of the study

presented in the tabular form. The topics are organized in the following

order of presentation: level of Facebook usage intensity, level of

socialization, and the significant relationships between the variables in the

study.

Table 1
Level of Facebook Usage Intensity

Indicator Mean Std.dev Descriptive Level

Part of Daily Life and Activities 4.08 1.02 High

Proud to be Facebook User 3.96 0.89 High

Overall 4.02 0.90 High

Presented in Table 1 is the respondent’s overall perceived level of

Facebook usage intensity. Results showed that respondent’s level of

perception of the Facebook usage intensity was described to be high as

reflected by the obtained overall mean score of 4.02 with standard

deviation of 0.90. This high description level was due to the high scores

generated by the two (2) indicators of the study namely: part of our daily

life, and proud to be a Facebook user with obtained mean scores of 4.08

and 3.96 respectively.

 32

The first indicator of Facebook usage intensity is part of our daily

life and activities was described to be high and this high level of

description was due to the very high and high scores garnered by the

three (3) item questionnaire which includes: Facebook has become part of

my daily routine, I use Facebook to share pictures or videos, and I spend a

lot of time on social media Facebook with obtained mean scores of 4.34,

3.90. and 4.00 respectively.

Finally, the second indicator of Facebook usage intensity is being

proud to be a Facebook user. Results also showed that respondents level

of perception on this indicator is high and this can be contributed to the

very high and high mean scores generated by the three (3) item

questionnaire which are: I can express myself on Facebook, I can talk to

my friend even though we are far from each other, and I use Facebook in

my daily life/activities with mean scores of 3.36, 4.54, and 3.99

respectively.

Table 2
Level of Socialization

Indicator(s) Mean Std.dev Descriptive Level

Social Acceptance 4.03 0.94 High

Acculturation 3.66 0.94 High

Overall 3.85 0.83 High

 33

Presented in Table 2 is the respondent’s overall perceived level of

socialization. Results showed that the respondent's level of perception of

the socialization was described to be high as reflected by the obtained

overall mean score of 3.85 with standard deviation of 0.83. This high

description level was due to the high scores generated by the two (2)

indicators of the study namely: social acceptance, and acculturation with

obtained mean scores of 4.03 and 3.66 respectively.

The first indicator of Socialization is Social Acceptance was

described to be high and this high level of description was due to the very

high and high scores garnered by the three (3) item questionnaire which

includes: Facebook helps me to socialize, I find having a friend on

Facebook to be easy, and Facebook is a good tool in communicating with

other people with obtained mean scores of 4.10, 3.65, 4.35 respectively.

Finally, the second indicator of Socialization is Acculturation. Results

also showed that respondents level of perception on this indicator is high

and this can be contributed to the high mean scores generated by the

three (3) item questionnaire which are: I learned other countries'

languages because of Facebook, I learned some of the traditions from

other countries because of Facebook, and I adapt and learn some other

countries' songs and dances because of Facebook with mean scores of

3.34, 3.78, and 3.85 respectively.

 34

Table 3
Significant Relationship between Facebook Usage Intensity and
Socialization

Facebook Usage Intensity r-value p-value Significance Decision Ho

Part of Daily Life Activities 0.547 0.000 Significant Reject

Proud to be Facebook User 0.526 0.000 Significant Reject

Overall 0.571 0.000 Significant Reject

Presented in Table 3 is the relationship table between Facebook

usage Intensity and Socialization of HCM SHS. Overall, statistical results

using Pearson r revealed that there is a significant relationship between

the level of Facebook usage Intensity and their level of Socialization as

reflected by the overall obtained r-value of 0.571 with p value less than

0.05 leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Results also showed

that all two (2) indicators of Facebook usage Intensity which include; Part

of Daily Life Activities and Proud to be Facebook User are significantly

correlated to Socialization as indicated by their respective obtained

r-values of 0.547 and 0.526 and p-values less than 0.05 level of

significance which leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis.

 35

CHAPTER 4

DISCUSSION
Presented in this chapter is the discussion of the results of the

study. The topics are organized in the following order of presentation: level

of Facebook usage intensity, level of socialization, and the significant

relationships between the variables in the study.

Level of Facebook Usage Intensity

The overall high level of Facebook usage intensity is indicative that

the majority of the respondents that Facebook usage is evident. This has

to be sustained or improved since studies have shown that social

networking networks when used properly give young people the freedom

to explore their identities. Teens may share their own, unfettered voices

with peers online, which makes them popular (Webster, 2018). Facebook

is more adapted to facilitating online interaction among learners

(Al-Dheleai & Tasir, 2017). Also, students who use social networking sites

frequently and actively have a positive perception of using them for

educational purposes, and the intensity of social networking sites usage is

also associated with a positive perception of educational use (Ean et al.,

2016). Finally, researchers also have explored how Facebook use relates

to life happiness (Blanchnio et al., 2016) and the impact of the number of

Facebook friends (Tromholt, 2016). Social networking services, especially

Facebook, have helped people maintain social connections, engage in

 36

civic activities, and promote entrepreneurship (Cheng et al., 2019).

Moghavvemi & Salarzadeh (2017) studied students' intent to use

Facebook for education and found that increased familiarity led to a

greater intention to use. They also noted that Facebook served as a

complementary tool for sharing course-related materials, enhancing

learning opportunities

The high level of description on Indicator part of daily life and

activities indicates that the majority of the respondents that use Facebook

is evident among them. This has some advantages for the users. That

Facebook has psychological advantages, such as the perception of

emotional and social support from others (Akbulut & Günüç, 2012;

Gilmour et al., 2022; Zayts-Spence et al., 2023); the reduction of feelings

of isolation (Asante & Nyarko, 2014); or a greater sense of health and

wellness satisfaction (Asbury & Hall, 2013).

The high level of description on Indicator proud to be a Facebook

user indicates that the majority of the respondents that they are utilizing

Facebook. It provides a space for them to interact with other people, and

also Facebook remains an important tool that can encourage them to

communicate and build relationships with others. It is also an effective tool

for the socialization of students (Masuku & Moyo, 2014) that is used

regularly by Facebook users in engaging with other people. The study

shows that the students are actively using Facebook in expressing and

sharing their lives on the platform. Posting and sharing contents on the
 37

platform suggests socialization and interaction with other people (Grinberg

et. al., 2016). It also encourages active participation in the current events

and issues that are happening to their surroundings. Which serves as an

opportunity to have a space for students to be aware about occurrences

around the community.

Level of Socialization

The results of the study indicated that the respondents perceived a

high level of socialization. This suggests that the participants felt that they

were actively engaged in social interactions and had a sense of belonging

within their social circles. Friends, classmates, and peers become

increasingly important in the lives of children in their secondary

educational stage of socialization (Hammond & Cheney, 2021).

The results of the study conducted by (Smith et al., 2019) provide

evidence that supports the perception of a high level of socialization

among respondents. The study aimed to investigate the role of social

media platforms, specifically Facebook, in facilitating social interactions

and a sense of belonging. The findings demonstrated that the respondents

felt actively engaged in social interactions and had a strong sense of

belonging within their social circles. This aligns with previous research that

argues social media platforms can provide users with opportunities to

connect with others (Jones, 2017).

 38

Social acceptance was also rated as high by the participants. This

suggests that they believed that platforms like Facebook helped them to

socialize and connect with others. Facebook serves as a valuable tool for

fostering social interactions and acceptance (Lee, 2018). The specific

items of the questionnaire, such as finding it ea sy to have friends on

Facebook and viewing Facebook as a good tool for communication,

received high mean scores, further supporting the notion of high social

acceptance through the platform. Acculturation was also perceived at a

high level by the respondents. This means that they believed that

Facebook played a significant role in their learning and adaptation to other

languages, traditions, songs, and dances from different countries. This

suggests that Facebook provides users with exposure to diverse cultures,

enhancing their cultural understanding and appreciation (Chen, 2016).

Significant Relationship between Facebook Usage Intensity and

Socialization

The significant positive relationship between Facebook usage

intensity and socialization is indicative that there is an association

between these variables. It is therefore a need to support students using

Facebook as this enhances their level of socialization. The above findings

are in line with the studies conducted by Dholakia, Bagozzi, and Pearo

(2004) for example, highlighting that Facebook can be used to get

information, learn how to do things, generate ideas, make friends, and get
 39

someone to do things. Facebook has been defined by Zukerberg (2005)

as ‘an online directory that connects people through social networks at

colleges and universities’. Students used them not only for

communication, learning activities but also to socialize. Socialization is

part and parcel of the young adult in their daily life (Kirschner & Karpinski,

2010). In today's world, one of the easiest and fastest ways to socialize is

using Facebook.

Facebook is commonly used by youngsters and students

(Experian, 2011; Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, & Zickuhr, 2010). According to

Smith (2013), “Facebook has over 1.15 billion active users and 699 million

members log in daily with 8.3 hours average time spent per day.” Many

research have been conducted by the many author to identify the reasons

the about the Facebook usage (Hargittai, 2007; Sheldon, 2008; Stern &

Taylor, 2007) while many research was also focused on other social

networking issues such as online disclosure (Kolek & Saunders, 2008;

Peluchette & Karl, 2008) online and offline communication (Ellison,

Steinfield & Lampe, 2007). The impact of Facebook usage can’t be

overemphasized. Students do not attend important study related activities,

classes and Facebook affect their involvement in studies and achievement

(Jones, 2007). Karipinski and Duberstein (2009) said that if students

spend much time on Facebook it affects their task performance. When

students use Facebook for long hours then it decreases their study time

(O’Brien, 2011, Karpinski & Duberstein, 2009). Another possible effects of

 40

Facebook are: “clamor for addiction (Debatin, Lovejoy, Horn, & Hughes,

2009) and inculcating a culture of procrastination among the learners thus

affecting study time (O’Brien, 2011) and hence academic performance.”

Many research also have shown that students cannot leave Facebook

because it is an easy way to connect to friends, family members, and

peers (Facebook, 2010).

The above results also support the theoretical framework of the

study which is Blumler and Katz in 1974, Uses and Gratification Theory.

This theory discusses the effects of the media on other people. It states

the perception of people with the usage of media in their daily lives, on

how significant media is to them in order to appease their wants and

needs. Which links to the study of how Facebook plays a significant role

as a platform wherein Senior High School students utilize social media in

order to socialize and interact with other people.

Conclusion

In general respondents, Facebook usage and socialization are

manifested. There is a moderate positive relationship between Facebook

usage intensity and socialization in the study. The researchers concluded

that Facebook, especially given that students frequently utilize the social

media platform, is important for students' mental health based on the

 41

study's findings. The study's major goal was to help students to

understand how Facebook may have benefits in their socialization, and

also understand their intense usage of Facebook. Therefore, the study

findings revealed that Facebook has positive aspects to the influence of its

users. Its users must be mindful of these potential negative effects and

actively avoid them. Also, be aware when socializing with others through

Facebook. In line with this, adopting values such as; critical thinking,

responsibility, and promoting positive activities, would contribute to

optimizing the benefits of Facebook while maintaining a healthy utilization

of the said platform and others.

Recommendations

The Researchers create the following recommendations for Students,

Parents, Teachers, School Administrators, and Future Researchers.

Here are the following recommendations created:

1. Set limits when using Facebook: Using Facebook with limited time may

give students time to relax and that can contribute to their socialization

and prevent health problems that were caused because of using

Facebook intensively.

2. Be responsible for the things you post on Facebook.

 42

3. Guide students when in school: teachers are mostly known to be the

second parents of the students, so teachers may discipline and guide

students about their behavior, especially when in school.

4. Guide and discipline children in using Facebook: to protect your child’s

safety and well-being as social media becomes more popular in our

everyday lives.

5. Guide students in using Facebook especially when at school.

6. Explore more information about Facebook; studies and Information on

research may help future researchers, especially when they will conduct a

study.

7. Provide recommendations: giving recommendations may guide future

researchers to their next study, it may contribute to future in-depth

research; it may help future researchers to know the problems of students

when it comes to how students use Facebook intensively and how they

socialize with the use of Facebook.

 43

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 48

APPENDICES

Appendix A

LETTER TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

49
 50

Appendix B

RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE

Instructions: On the scale of 1-5, please rate how you agree with the given

statements as a measure of SHS students in HCM. Please put a check on

your chosen scale.

5-Strongly Agree. Means you agree all the time.

4- Agree. Means you agreed most of the time

3-Neutral. Means you neither agree or disagree.

2-Disagree. Means you do not agree most of the time.

1-Strongly Disagree. Means you do not agree all the time.

Name: Date:

Grade and Section: Card No.___

Facebook Usage Intensity

Part of Daily Life and Activities

5 4 3 2 1

Facebook has become part of my

daily routine.

I use facebook to share pictures or

videos.

I spend a lot of time on social

media Facebook.
 51

Proud to be Facebook User 5 4 3 2 1

I can express myself on

Facebook.

I can talk to my friend even though

we are far from each other.

I use Facebook in my daily

life/activities.

Socialization

Social Acceptance 5 4 3 2 1

Facebook helps me to socialize.

I find having a friend on Facebook

to be easy.

Facebook is a good tool in

communicating with other people

Acculturation 5 4 3 2 1

I learned other countries' languages

because of Facebook.

I learned some of the traditions from

other countries because of
Facebook.
 52

I adapt and learn some other

countries' songs and dances
because of Facebook.
 53

Appendix C

SPSS RESULTS

DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=D1 D2 D3 D_level P1 P2 P3 P_LEVEL FUI_LEVEL

SA1 SA2 SA3 SA__LEVEL A1 A2 A3

A_LEVEL S_LEVEL

/STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV MIN MAX.

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Notes

Output Created 13-NOV-2023 05:58:53

Comments

Input Active Dataset DataSet0

Filter <none>

Weight <none>

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data File 100

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values

are treated as missing.

Cases Used All non-missing data are

used.
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Syntax DESCRIPTIVES
VARIABLES=D1 D2 D3
D_level P1 P2 P3 P_LEVEL
FUI_LEVEL SA1 SA2 SA3
SA__LEVEL A1 A2 A3

A_LEVEL S_LEVEL

/STATISTICS=MEAN
STDDEV MIN MAX.

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.00

Elapsed Time 00:00:00.09

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

D1 100 1.00 5.00 4.3400 1.05620

D2 100 1.00 5.00 3.9000 1.32954

D3 100 1.00 5.00 4.0000 1.17207

D_level 100 1.00 5.00 4.0801 1.01995

P1 100 1.00 5.00 3.3600 1.44614

P2 100 2.00 5.00 4.5400 .70238

P3 100 1.00 5.00 3.9900 1.15902

P_LEVEL 100 1.67 5.00 3.9637 .89013

FUI_ LEVEL 100 1.33 5.00 4.0217 .89935

SA1 100 1.00 5.00 4.1000 1.17637

SA2 100 1.00 5.00 3.6500 1.25831

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SA3 100 1.00 5.00 4.3500 .92524

SA__LEVEL 100 1.00 5.00 4.0336 .93749

A1 100 1.00 5.00 3.3400 1.20789

A2 100 1.00 5.00 3.7800 1.04040

A3 100 1.00 5.00 3.8500 1.02863

A_LEVEL 100 1.00 5.00 3.6572 .93607

S_LEVEL 100 1.00 5.00 3.8451 .83354

Valid N (listwise) 100

CORRELATIONS

/VARIABLES=D1 D2 D3 D_level P1 P2 P3 P_LEVEL FUI_LEVEL SA1 SA2

SA3 SA__LEVEL A1 A2 A3 A_LEVEL

S_LEVEL

/PRINT=TWOTAIL NOSIG

/MISSING=PAIRWISE.

Correlations

Notes

Output Created 13-NOV-2023 05:59:30

Comments

Input Active Dataset DataSet0

Filter <none>

Weight <none>
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Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data 100

File

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values

are treated as missing.

Cases Used Statistics for each pair of

variables are based on all the
cases with valid data for that
pair.

Syntax CORRELATIONS

/VARIABLES=D1 D2 D3
D_level P1 P2 P3 P_LEVEL
FUI_LEVEL SA1 SA2 SA3
SA__LEVEL A1 A2 A3
A_LEVEL

S_LEVEL

/PRINT=TWOTAIL NOSIG

/MISSING=PAIRWISE.

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.14

Elapsed Time 00:00:01.50

Correlations

P_LEV FUI_ SA__LE A_LEV S_LEV

D_level EL LEVEL VEL EL EL

D_level Pearson 1
** ** ** ** **
Correlation .774 .950 .557 .417 .547

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

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N 100 100 100 100 100 100

P_LEVE Pearson 1
** ** ** ** **
L Correlation .774 .933 .587 .350 .526

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 100 100 100 100 100 100

FUI_ Pearson 1
** ** ** ** **
LEVEL Correlation .950 .933 .606 .410 .571

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 100 100 100 100 100 100

SA__LE Pearson 1
** ** ** ** **
VEL Correlation .557 .587 .606 .583 .890

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 100 100 100 100 100 100

A_LEVE Pearson 1
** ** ** ** **
L Correlation .417 .350 .410 .583 .890

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 100 100 100 100 100 100

S_LEVE Pearson 1
** ** ** ** **
L Correlation .547 .526 .571 .890 .890

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 100 100 100 100 100 100

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**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

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Curriculum Vitae
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SS
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