Thermodynamics

1st Law: Energy conserved, its form can be converted.

2nd Law: Energy can flow equilibrate.
3rd Law: “Driving force” for equilibration uniquely defined.
4th Law: Zeroth Law.
Zeroth Law should be named before the 3 Laws.

ABC should be equal with each other.

Applied
• Thermometer – as the temperature increases, the mercury
expands and increases in the tube

• 1st Law of Thermodynamics:

- Heat is a form of energy, and as what other forms of energy is subject to, it follows law of
conservation of energy.
Example:
Coal is a type of rock, but for scientists, coal is a form of energy when undergoes combustion
that creates electricity.
This Law applies in the Nuclear Powerplant.
• 2nd Law of Thermodynamics:
- Clasius Statement
It is impossible for any system in such way that the sole result would be the end.
- Kevin Planck Statement
It is impossible to devise a heat engine that takes heat from the hot reservoir ( Q H ) and
converts all the energy into useful external work without losing heat to the cold
reservoir ( Q C ).
- Entrophy Statement
 High to Low
 Perfect is Impossible

• 3rd Law of Thermodynamics:

- The entrophy of any crystalline substance at absolute zero will be equal to zero.
ABSOLUTE ZERO (1 KELVIN)

Sci-Vlog ( Form of Lecture)

1. Heat - energy that is transferred from one body to another as the result of a difference in
temperature.
2. Use of Heat - heat is used to cook food such as boiling water and frying eggs. When a lot of
heat is added, even metal will melt. In a car factory, heat is used to melt metal so that it can be
shaped to build cars.
3. Law of Heat - law of heat exchange states that the heat lost by a hot object is equal to the
heat gained by a cold object.
4. Everyday use of Heat - heat is used to generate electricity at a thermal power plant for our
daily lives.