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Connected speech 3

Assimilation
(Đồng hóa âm)

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Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of a phoneme under the influence of its surrounding sounds.In
other words, assimilation is the act of making two sounds in speech that are next to each other more similar to
each other in certain ways, for example "eleven minutes"

After you have said "eleven", your tongue is behind upper front of teeth if you pronounce the /n/ sound, which
is the wrong position from which to form the next sound, which is /m/.You get around this by changing
the /n/ sound to /m/, like this: /ɪˈlevm ˈmɪnɪʔs/.You also replace the last /t/ sound for a glottal stop, which
makes the word even easier to say

There are 2 ways of direction change: regressive assimilation and progressive


assimilation.Regressive assimilation is the phenomenon in which the phoneme that comes first is affected by
the one that comes after it.In contrast, progressive assimilation is the phenomenon in which the phoneme that
comes first affects the one that comes after it

Regressive assimilation

Examples Regressive assimilation Listen Meaning

news - newspaper /nju:z/ - /nju:speipə/ Tin tức - báo chí


goose - gooseberry /gu:s/ - /gu:zbəri/ Con ngỗng - cây lý gai

five - - five pence /faiv/ - /faifpəns/ năm - năm xu

describe - description /dɪˈskraɪb/ - /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ Miêu tả

receive - reception / rɪˈsiːv/ - /rɪˈsepʃn / Nhận - chấp nhận

twelve - twelfth /twelv/ - /twelfθ/ 12

Progressive assimilation

Examples Regressive assimilation Listen Meaning

happen /hæpm/ Xảy ra

bacon /beɪkŋ/ Thịt muối

backs / bæks/ Những cái lưng

bags /bægz/ Những cái túi

moved /muːvd/ Di chuyển

talked /tɔːkt/ Nói chuyện

A. Assimilation of place

1. Alveolar /t, d, n / + bilabial /m, b, p/=> bilabial

Rules Examples Original transciption Assimilation Listen Meaning

thaT Man /ðæt mæn/ /ðæp mæn/ Người đàn ông tốt
/t/ + /m/ => /p/
pockeT Money /ˈpɒkɪt ˈmʌni/ /ˈpɒkɪp ˈmʌni/ Tiền tiêu vặt

greaT Britain /ɡreɪt brɪtʔn/ /ɡreɪp brɪtʔn/ Vương quốc Anh


/t/ + /b/ => /p/
baskeTBall /ˈbæskɪt bɔːl/ /ˈbæskɪp bɔːl/ Bóng rổ

/t/ + /p/ => /p/


sweeT Potato / swiːt pəˈteɪtəʊ/ / swiːp pəˈteɪtəʊ/ Khoai lang

meeT People / miːt ˈpiːpl/ / miːp ˈpiːpl/ gặp mọi người


Original
Rules Examples Assimilation Listen Meaning
transciption
gooD
/ɡʊd ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/ /ɡʊb ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/ Chào buổi sáng
Morning
/d/ + /m/ => /b/
Những chàng trai
gooD Men /ɡʊd men/ /ɡʊb men/
tuyệt vời

gooD Bye /ɡʊd baɪ/ /ɡʊb baɪ/ Tạm biệt


/d/ + /b/ => /b/
closeD Quyển sách được
/kləʊzd bʊk/ /kləʊzb bʊk/
Book đóng lại
blooD
/blʌd 'preʃər/ /blʌb 'preʃər/ Huyết áp
Pressure
/d/ + /p/ => /b/
fooD
/fuːd ˈprəʊsesər/ /fuːb ˈprəʊsesər/ Máy xay thực phẩm
Processor

Original
Rules Examples Assimilation Listen Meaning
transciption
commoN Khối thị trường
/ˈkɒmən ˈmɑːrkɪt/ /ˈkɒməm ˈmɑːrkɪt/
/n/ + /m/ => Market chung châu Âu
/m/
iroN Man / ˈaɪərn mæn/ / ˈaɪərm mæn/ Người sắt

suNBathe /ˈsʌn beɪð/ /ˈsʌm beɪð/ Tắm nắng


/n/ + /b/ => /m/
greeN Belt /ɡriːn belt/ /ɡriːm belt/ Vành đai xanh

peN Pal /pen pæl/ /pem pæl/ Bạn qua thư


/n/ + /p/ => /m/
Móc treo quần áo
browN Peg / braʊn peg/ / braʊm peg/
màu nâu

2. Alveolar /t, d, n / + velar /k, g/=> velar

Original
Rules Examples Assimilation Listen Meaning
transciption

crediT Card /ˈkredɪt kɑːrd/ /ˈkredɪk kɑːrd/ Thẻ ghi nợ


/t/ + /k/ or /g/ =>
/k/ Kính có khắc
cuT Glass /kʌt glæs/ /kʌk glæs/
hoa văn
/d/ + /k/ or /g/ =>
/g/ harD Copy /hɑːrd ˈkɒpi/ /hɑːrg ˈkɒpi/ Bản cứng
baD Girl /bæd gɜːrl/ /bæg gɜːrl/ Cô gái tồi

humaN
/ˈhjuːmən ˈkæpɪtl/ /ˈhjuːməŋ ˈkæpɪtl/ Nguồn nhân lực
/n/ + /k / or /g/ => Capital
/ŋ/ goldeN
/ˈɡəʊldən guːs/ /ˈɡəʊldəŋ guːs/ Con ngỗng vàng
Goose

Note:
In one single word, /n/ + /k/ => /ŋ/

Examples Assimilation Listen Meaning

function /ˈfʌŋkʃn/ Chức năng

monkey /ˈmʌŋki / Con khỉ

uncle /ˈʌŋkl/ Bác

single / ˈsɪŋɡl/ Cô đơn, đơn lẻ

angry / ˈæŋɡri/ Tức giận

bingo /ˈbɪŋɡəʊ / Chơi bingo

3. Alveolar /t, d, n / + dental /ð, θ/=> dentalized

Examples Original transciption Assimilation Listen Meaning

geT THere /get ðeə/ /geðeə/ Tới đó

teNTH /tenθ/ /teθ/ Số thứ tự 10

baD THing / bæd θɪŋ/ / bæθɪŋ/ Cái xấu

4. Alveolar /t, d, n / + palato-alveolar or palatal /ʃ, ʒ, j/=> palato-alveolar or palatal

Original
Rules Examples Assimilation Listen Meaning
transciption
/s/ + /ʃ/ => /ʃ/
dreSS SHop /dres ʃɒp/ /dreʃ ʃɒp/ Cửa hàng váy

/z/ + /ʃ/ => /ʃ/


siX-SHooter / sɪks ˈʃuːtər/ / sɪkʃ ˈʃuːtər/ Súng lục
trạm xe buýt có
buS-SHelter /bʌs ˈʃeltər/ /bʌʃ ˈʃeltər/
mái che
Cửa hàng pho
cheeSE SHop / tʃiːz ʃɒp/ / tʃiʃ ʃɒp/
mát

thiS Year /ðɪs jɪə/ /ðɪʃɪə/ Năm nay

Một chiếc du
/s/ + /j/ => /ʃ/ niCE Yacht /naɪs jɑːt/ /naɪʃɑːt/
thuyền đẹp

miSS You / mɪs juː/ / mɪʃuː/ Nhớ bạn

hiT You /hɪt juː/ /hɪtʃuː/ Đánh bạn

haTE You /heɪt juː/ /heɪtʃuː/ Ghét bạn


/t/ + /j/ => /tʃ/
wanT You /wɒnt juː/ /wɒntʃuː/ Muốn bạn

Một năm thắng


greaT Year /ɡreɪt jɪə/ /ɡreɪtʃɪə/
lợi

neeD You /niːd juː/ /niːdʒuː/ Cần bạn


/d/ + /j/ => Đóng cái
/dʒ/ maDE Your bed /meɪd jər bed/ /meɪdʒər bed/ giường của
bạn
/dz/ + /j/ => woulD You /wʊd juː/ /wʊdʒuː/
/dʒ/
Cô ấy cần sự
she neeDS Your
/ʃiː niːdz jɔːhelp/ /ʃiː niːdʒɔːhelp/ giúp đỡ của
help
bạn
Cái của bạn
where'S Yours? /werz jɔːz/ /wer ʒɔːz/
đâu

TheSE Years /ðiːz jɪə/ /ðiːʒɪə/ Mấy năm nay


/z/ + /j/ => /ʒ/
She'S Young /ʃiːz jʌŋ/ /ʃiː ʒʌŋ/ Cô ấy trẻ

He loveS You / hi lʌvz juː/ / hi lʌv ʒuː/ Anh ấy yêu bạn

B. Assimilation of manner

1. Plosive /t, d/ + fricative /s, z/=> fricative

Original
Rules Examples Assimilation Listen Meaning
transciption

/t/ + /s/ => /s/ ThaT Side /ðæt saɪd/ /ðæs saɪd/ Mặt kia

/t/ + /z/ => /z/ thaT Zoo /ðæt zuː/ /ðæz zuː/ Vườn thú kia
/d/ + s/ => /s/ gooD Song /ɡʊd sɒŋ/ /ɡʊs sɒŋ/ Bài hát hay

/d/ + /z/ => /z/ baD Zone /bæd zəʊn/ /bæz zəʊn/ Khu vực xấu

2. Plosive /d/ + nasal /n/=> nasal

Examples Original transciption Assimilation Listen Meaning

gooD News /ɡʊd njuːz/ /ɡʊn njuːz/ Tin tốt

baD News /bæd nju:z/ /bæn nju:z/ Tin xấu

C. Assimilation of voice
With regressive assimilation, final voiced consonants have no voicing when folllowed by initial voiceless
consonants

Examples Assimilation Listen

have - have to /hæv/ - /hæf tu/

has - has to /hæz / - /hæs tu/

used - used to /ju:zd/ - /ju:st tu/

Dick's / dɪk's/

Bob's /bɒb'z/

shaved /ʃeɪvd/

coughed /kɒft/

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