Southern Luzon State University

College of Engineering
ECE Department

ACTIVITY 11
TRANSISTOR BIASING

RUBRICS FOR ECE01 LABORATORY

 1 - Not 2 - Below 3 - Meets 4 - Exceeds
Attribute Acceptable Expectations Expectations Expectations Score
Laboratory Skills
Members do not Members occasionally Members occasionally Members
Manipulative Skills demonstrate demonstrate needed demonstrate needed demonstrate
needed skills skills skills additional skills
Damage to circuits Some risk to circuits or Equipment usage safe Safety precautions
Safety Precautions or equipment due equipment due to for both circuits and above requirements
to improper usage improper usage equipment used
Apparatus set up in
Apparatus setup will Apparatus properly Apparatus enhance
Experimental Set-up a non- functional
cause data errors setup for better precision
manner
Errors in Report warns of
Error in documentation Documentation
Process Skills documentation of difficulties and gives
of procedures complete and correct
apparatus alternatives
Conditions for data
All data present, but Data presented Data presented
Reports logically and/or graphs not
not in sequence. Must clearly following each clearly along with
coherent and sequential stated. Unclear
search for items. procedure. excellent narrative
report
Work Habits
Measurements
Time Required data not
Data points poorly All required data beyond
management/Conduct of taken or not
chosen or missing taken and reported requirements made
Experiment reported
and reported
Correct conclusions
Ability to draw proper Conclusions not Incorrect conclusions Correct conclusions
correlated to other
conclusions from lab drawn drawn drawn
material
Members do not Members have Members are on
know their task Members have defined defined task and have
and have no responsibilities responsibilities most responsibilities at
Cooperative and defined sometimes. Group of the time. Group all-time. Group
teamwork responsibilities. conflicts are conflicts are conflicts are
Group conflicts cooperatively managed cooperatively cooperatively
have to be settled most of the time managed most of the managed at all
by the teacher time times
Clean and orderly
Messy Clean and orderly Clean and orderly
workplace/papers
workplace/paper workplace/papers with workplace/papers at
Neatness and orderliness with some mess
during and after occasional mess during all times during and
during and after
experiment and after experiment after experiments
experiment
Members require Members require Members do not Members
Ability to do independent
supervision by the occasional supervision supervised by the demonstrate other
work
teacher by the teacher teacher ability
No more than two
Spelling and grammar Many errors Several errors No errors
errors
Computer use
Done correctly but Done correctly and
For data analysis Not done Done incorrectly
incomplete completely
Done correctly but Done correctly and
For data presentation Not done Done incorrectly
incomplete completely
For locating resources Done correctly but Done correctly and
Not done Done incorrectly
that lab may require incomplete completely

Laboratory Skills Computer use Work habits Total score

Score
 ACTIVITY 11: TRANSISTOR BIASING

OBJECTIVES
 To learn how to use a single biasing supply.
 To verify. Experimentally the inherent instability of base biasing.
 To learn to construct emitter bias circuit and perform measurements of that
circuit.
 To verify the stability of voltage divider-biased circuit.
 To observe the efect of feedback to control circuit quiescent point stability.

INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION
In this experiment, we shall be familiar with the three element electronic device, the
transistor, whose characteristic dramatically extends the range and the scope of
electronic applications. Basically, an increased in the forward bias will result in an
increase in the emitter current and hence, in the collector current. Base will increase or
decrease very little when emitter current increases or decreases. It is an evident;
therefore, that collector current may be controlled readily by change in emitter-base
bias.
In this experiment we will find out that base bias could not provide stable collector
current or voltage for transistors having different values of beta. In this experiment you
will explore different biasing techniques. Emitter bias makes the circuit more
independent of beta, thereby stabilizing changes in collector and voltage better than
base bias circuit. Collector feedback bias is an older form of bias originlly designed to
provide a simple circuit independent of variations in beta. While, voltage divider bias is
one of the best and most commonly used bias methods for stabilizing BJT circuits.

MATERIALS:
DC power supply (12V)
Digital Multimeters
Resistors : 1kΩ, 1.2kΩ, 2.2 kΩ, 680 kΩ,470 Ω 470 kΩ, 2.2 MΩ, 270 Ω, 12 kΩ
NPN Transistor: any transistors

PROCEDURES:
Section 1: Base Bias
 The resistor values of the circuit in figure 11.1 and 11.2 are selected to provide a
quiescent collector near midpoint with an assumed transistor beta of 150. Try to use
three different transistor, make or identify each transistor as A, B and C.
1. Using transistor A, build the circuit in figure 11.1. measure and record the
following circuit
values.

Vbe= 811.521 mV vrb=19.188V ic= 4.237mA vce=10.688 V

2. Turn off the circuit power. Remove transistor A and insert transistor B.
Reapply circuit
power. Make
and record the
following
measurements.
Vbe= 627.147 mV vrb=19.373V ic= 7.458mA vce=3.596V
3. Turn off the circuit power. Remove transistor A and insert transistor C.
Reapply circuit power. Make and record the following measurements.

Vbe= 675.525 mV vrb=19.324V ic= 3.766mA vce=11.72 V

4. Disconnect your circuit and build the circuit in figure 11.2.using transistor A.
Reapply circuit power then measure and record the following circuit values.

Vbe= 811.521 mV
vrb=19.188V ic= 4.237mA vce=10.688 V

5. Turn off the circuit power. Remove transistor A and insert transistor B.
Reapply circuit power. Make and record the following measurements.

Vbe= 811.521 mV
vrb=19.188V ic= 4.237mA vce=10.688 V
 6. Turn off the circuit power. Remove transistor A and insert transistor C.
Reapply circuit power. Make and record the following measurements.

Figure 11.1 Figure11.2

Section 2: Emitter Bias

1. Using the first transistor, construct the circuit in Figure 11.3. Check your
circuit to be sure that your connections are correct. Apply circuit power, then
measure and record the following circuit values:

Ic = 4.352 mA
Vre= 14.803 V
Ve= 4.383 V
Vb= 14.803 V
Vc= 5.228 V
Vce= 14.774
 2. Turn off the circuit power. Remove transistor and replace it with transistor B.
Reapply circuit power. Measure and record the following values.

Ic = 7.084 mA
Vre= 12.269 V
Ve= 7.108 V
Vb= 12.269 V
Vc= 8.501 V
Vce= 11.5 V

3. Turn off the circuit power. Remove transistor B and replace it with transistor
C.. Reapply circuit power. Measure and record the following values.

Ic = 3.974 mA
Vre= 15.317
Ve= 4.003 V
Vb= 15.317 V
Vc= 4.769 V
Vce= 15.231
4. Using the largest and smallest values of the collector current measured for
your circuit, calculate the mean value of collector current using the formula
below.

Ic min = 3.974 mA
Ic max= 7.083 mA
Ic mean = √ 3.974 mA x 7.083 mA = 5.305 mA
 5. Using the beta box model with an assumed beta of 173, calculate the
following values for the circuit in figure11.3.

Ic= 1.735 mA
Vc= 3.814 V
Ve= 0V
Vce= 6.186 V

Figure11.4 Figure 11.5

Figure 11.6

Section
3: Voltage
divider Bias
1.
Construct the circuit shown in figure11.4. Set the DC power supply to 12V and
connect the power supply to your circuit.
2. Using the digital multimeter, measure and record the circuit parameters listed
below.
Ie = 4.762 mA
Vb = 9.9 V
Ve = 1.286 V
Vc = 5.658 V
Vce = 6.342 V
3. Turn off the power and substitute another transistor and repeat procedure no.
2.

Ie = 5.276 mA
Vb = 9.885 V
Ve = 1.425V
Vc = 6.283 V
Vce = 5.717 V

4. Now you have two stes of data from your circuit. Solve the circuit for the same
parameters as those measured. Calculate the Thevenin values of the voltage
divider RTH and VTH. Enter those values in the blanks provided below and in
beta box model in figure 11.5. Assume a beta of 150 and using the beta box
model, calculate emitter current, collector voltage, base voltage, and emitter
voltage.

Section 4: Collector Feedback Bias

1. Construct the circuit in Figure 11.5.
2. Apply the power to the circuit. Measure and record the DC values
indicated below.
 3. Connect one DMM to measure collector current and the other to measure
collector voltage. Apply powerr and record these measurements.

QUESTIONS

1. In your measurements of the two circuits Figure 8.1 and 8.2, which circuit
seemed to have the more consistent quiscent operating point and would you
expect it to be so?

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2. Can you think of a circuit application where a base=biased transistor would be

useful? Why?

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3. Explain how it possible to forward bias the emitter-base diode with 0 volts on the
base.

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4. Compare the stability of voltage divider bias and emitter bias.

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CONCLUSION

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REFERENCES

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory 8th Edition by Boylestad

Electronic Devices 7th Edition by Floyd