Regional FMP Q3 Final

REGIONAL MIGRATION REPORT
West and Central Africa

July – September 2017
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

DTM ACTIVITIES IN
Author: Information Management Unit, Regional Office for West and Central Africa
THE REGION ARE
Contact: rodakar@iom.int
SUPPORTED BY:
Website: www.globaldtm.info / www.rodakar.iom.int
© International Organization for Migration (IOM)
December 2017
Permission is required to reproduce any part of
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The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not
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The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report
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or concerning its frontiers or boundaries.
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and well-being of migrants.
REGIONAL FLOW MONITORING REPORT - OVERVIEW REPORT #3 – PAGE 1
WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA JUL / AUG / SEPT 2017
IOM DATA COLLECTION ON MIGRATION IN WEST AND CENTRAL
AFRICA AND THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE ITALY
Data collection:
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has established Flow Monitoring 1. Flow Monitoring Survey
Points (FMP) as part of its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) in areas of significant 2016 and 2017
migratory transit in West and Central Africa, Libya and Italy. Two tools are used as part of 2. Ministry of Interior
the FMP methodology: 1) the Flow Monitoring Registry (FMR) collects data from groups of figures 2016 and 2017
people to provide a better understanding of intra and inter-regional migration patterns and
trends; 2) the Flow Monitoring Survey (FMS) collects individual data on a sample of
migrants on their journey. Both tools are implemented in various locations across the
Central Mediterranean Route (CMR). The narrative and map on this page provides details
on data collection activities for the period July—September 2017. LIBYA
SENEGAL Data collection:
Burkina Faso: An FMP was established in Burkina Faso’s capital city of Ouagadougou in 1. Flow monitoring NIGER
Data collection:
April 2017. FMR reports can be found here. Registry in 2017 Data collection:
1. Flow monitoring
Registry in 2017 1. Flow Monitoring
Chad: Since April 2017, IOM has been collecting FMR data in Chad. FMR reports can be
Registry 2016 and
found here.
2017
Guinea: Since May 2017, IOM has been collecting FMR data in multiple locations in MALI 2. Flow Monitoring
Guinee. FMR reports can be found here. Data collection: Survey 2016 and
1. Flow Monitoring 2017
Libya: DTM has tracked the number of migrants in Libya since the start of 2016. Data Registry 2016 and 2017
collection has been conducted over the course of the year and the programme provides 2. Flow Monitoring Survey
updates on a regular basis. Data and reports can be found here. 2016 and 2017
Italy: Beginning in October 2015, IOM has conducted FMS in Sicily, Apulia and Calabria CHAD
Data collection:
with the aim of tracking and monitoring populations on the move through the
1. Flow Monitoring
Mediterranean and Western Balkan routes to Europe. Data and analysis are available here.
Registry 2017
Other data, gathered by the Ministry of interior of Italy, on migrants from West and
Central Africa is available here. BURKINA FASO
Data collection:
Mali: FMR and FMS have been conducted since the start of the year in two main transit 1. Flow Monitoring
areas of Mali. Both trends and individual data are available. Dashboards and analysis are Registry 2017
available here.
Niger: FMR and FMS have been conducted since the start of the year in Séguédine and
Arlit, two main transit point for migrants going or coming back from Libya and Algeria.
Both trends and individual data are available. Dashboards and analysis can be found here.
Nigeria: Two FMRs were set-up in northern Nigeria in main transit areas in Kano and NIGERIA FLOW MONITORING REGISTRY
Sokoto in Quarterly 2 2017. FMR reports can be found here. GUINEA Data collection:
Data collection: 1. Flow Monitoring FLOW MONITORING SURVEYS
Senegal: An FMR was established in Tambacounda, Senegal in April 2017. Data is 1. Flow Monitoring Registry 2017
available here. Registry 2017 PLANNED DATA COLLECTION ACTIVITY
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN

rodakarepcteam@iom.int - www.globaldtm.info THE REGION ARE
Credentials: When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows: “Source: International Organization for Migration (IOM),
(month, year), Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)”. SUPPORTED BY:
REGIONAL FLOW MONITORING ANALYSIS REPORT #3 – PAGE 2
WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA JUL / AUG / SEPT 2017
TRENDS AND KEY FIGURES OBSERVED ON MIGRATION TO/FROM AND WITHIN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
MIGRATION TRENDS – WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA HARROWING JOURNEYS
Arrivals to Italy from Libya have sharply decreased since July 2017. In the first UNICEF and IOM conducted an analysis of the journeys of some 11,000
six months of 2017, Italy received more than 83,000 individuals compared to migrant and refugee children (adolescents aged 14–17) and youth (18–24), as
70,000 in the same period in 2016. By September 2017, Italy had received recorded in their responses to the Displacement Tracking Matrix Flow
105,000 individuals, compared to 132,000 in 2016. Nationals from countries in Monitoring Surveys conducted by IOM along the Central and Eastern
West and Central Africa represent approximately 50% of the arrivals. Mediterranean routes to Europe in 2016 and 2017.
The decrease in arrivals, in the third quarter of the year, follows various Among the main findings: Adolescents and youth from sub-Saharan Africa are
changes to border policies and stronger international cooperation between the at particularly high risk of trafficking and exploitation. On the Central
EU and certain West African States. Simultaneously, arrivals in Spain from Mediterranean Road, adolescents and youth from sub-Saharan Africa face
Morocco have increased demonstrating a diversification in the routes from considerably higher risks – 83% report exploitation, versus 56% of those from
West and Central Africa to Europe. other regions.
Source: Monthly flow compilation - link In addition, adolescents with lower levels of education are more vulnerable to
trafficking and exploitation. Adolescents with no education face higher risks
CUMULATED ARRIVALS IN ITALY on the Central Mediterranean Route as well, with 90% reporting exploitation,
compared with 75% of those with secondary education.
140 000
120 000
100 000
80 000
4,000
60 000
40 000
20 000
-
2016 2017

INCREASE IN USE OF PRIVATE VEHICLES FOR TRAVEL WITHIN NIGER JUL / AUG / SEPT 2017
PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT FMPs IN NIGER

Since February 2016, flow monitoring of individuals has been conducted in two
locations in the region of Agadez, Niger.
In this quarter, the main migration flows in Niger are comprised mainly of Nigerien,
Nigerian, Malian, Guinean and Cameroonian nationals. The majority of flows taking
379
INDIVIDUALS RECORDED
DAILY
AVERAGE
place in Niger are individuals traveling within the country. Agadez, Gatrone, Arlit and
Assamaka are the main towns of departure and destination. There has been a 6% 94% 2%
consistent flow of Nigeriens traveling back and forth between Libya and Niger over % of minors among
the past few quarters. A deeper analysis of Nigerien migration flows are captured on individuals recorded
pages 12-14) 77%
Private 19%
Vehicle Public Bus 4%
The daily average of individuals crossing FMPs has remained consistent over the Truck
quarter. However, compared to last quarter, the proportion of private vehicles used
for transportation has increased (61% of all means of transport in Q2 increased to MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows)
77% in Q3) and the proportion of public buses decreased (31% to 19% from Q2 to
Q3).
NATIONALITY AND DESTINATION COUNTRIES OF MIGRANTS IN NIGER
DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED CROSSING FMPs IN NIGER Nigerien
900 Nigerian
800
Malian
700
Guinean
600
500 Cameroonian
400
Chadian
300
200 Burkinabe
100 Ivoirian
0
Senegalese
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Libya Niger
Female Male

FLOW OF INDIVIDUALS STABLE ACROSS MALI JUL / AUG / SEPT 2017
Since June 2016, IOM Mali has captured the movement of individuals in the regions of PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT FMPs IN MALI
Gao and Segou (in Benena). There is a significant increase in the daily average of flows
448
for this quarter due primarily to the establishment of new FMP points in Inhalid, Gogui, DAILY
Tobouctou, Sévaré, Bamako and Heremakono. AVERAGE
For this third quarter of 2017, the main migration flows entering and leaving Mali are
comprised of nationals from Guinea, Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, Senegal and The Gambia.
Bamako and Gao are the main towns of departure, and Tamanrasset and Borj (Algeria) 5% 95% 8%
% of minors among
are the main towns of destination.
individuals recorded
Based on reports from the field, migratory routes are in the process of changing due to 65% 21%
an increase in security measures in Niger and Burkina Faso. Consequently, migrants Public Bus Private Vehicle 13%
Private Vehicle 1% Other
have increasingly started to travel through Mali to reach Algeria. This observation
corresponds to an increase in flows occurring at Timbuktu and a decrease in flows at MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows)
Benena (located at the border between Burkina Faso and Niger). Additionally, the drop
in September is due to an adjustment to the data collection activity.
NATIONALITY AND DESTINATION COUNTRIES OF MIGRANTS IN MALI
DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED CROSSING FMPs IN MALI
Guinean
900
Malian
800
Ivoirian
700
Senegalese
600
Gambian
500
Bissau Guinean
400
Sierra Leonean
300 Liberian
200 Ghanaian
100 Nigerien
0 Burkinabe
01/07/2017
04/07/2017
07/07/2017
10/07/2017
13/07/2017
16/07/2017
19/07/2017
22/07/2017
25/07/2017
28/07/2017
31/07/2017
03/08/2017
06/08/2017
09/08/2017
12/08/2017
15/08/2017
18/08/2017
21/08/2017
24/08/2017
27/08/2017
30/08/2017
02/09/2017
05/09/2017
08/09/2017
11/09/2017
14/09/2017
17/09/2017
20/09/2017
23/09/2017
26/09/2017
29/09/2017
Nigerian
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Female Male Burkina Faso Niger Mali Algeria
DTM
rodakarepcteam@iom.int - www.globaldtm.info
(month, year), Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)”.
DTM ACTIVITIES IN
THE REGION ARE
SUPPORTED BY:
HIGH FLOW OF WOMEN AND MINORS TRAVELING THROUGH NIGERIA JUL / AUG / SEPT 2017
PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT THE FMPs IN NIGERIA
In March 2017, two FMPs were established in Kano and Sokoto, Nigeria, where
significant flows of individuals of different nationalities were observed. As part of
intraregional migration flows, individuals travel back and forth to neighboring
countries for various reasons, including economic opportunities, educational pursuits
and reasons related to social and family life.
954 DAILY
AVERAGE
The daily average of individuals traveling through the FMPs has slightly increased this 29% 71% 20%
quarter (from a daily average of 834 in the second quarter of 2017 to 954 in the third % of minors among
quarter). The main means of transport identified this quarter are cars (58%) and individuals recorded
buses (34%). Vehicle drivers from Nigeria indicated the main point of destination as 58%
Niger (88%). Women and girls represent 29% of the observed population. 20% of Car 34%
8%
Bus
individuals transiting Nigeria are minors. Other
MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows)

DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED CROSSING FMPs IN NIGERIA
1600 ORIGIN OF THE VEHICLE AND DESTINATION

Departure
1400
Nigeria
1200
1000
Niger
800
600
400 Mali
200
0 Togo
01/07/2017
04/07/2017
07/07/2017
10/07/2017
13/07/2017
16/07/2017
19/07/2017
22/07/2017
25/07/2017
28/07/2017
31/07/2017
03/08/2017
06/08/2017
09/08/2017
12/08/2017
15/08/2017
18/08/2017
21/08/2017
24/08/2017
27/08/2017
30/08/2017
02/09/2017
05/09/2017
08/09/2017
11/09/2017
14/09/2017
17/09/2017
20/09/2017
23/09/2017
26/09/2017
29/09/2017
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
female Male Destination Algeria Benin Togo Chad Cameroon Mali Nigeria Niger
DTM
rodakarepcteam@iom.int - www.globaldtm.info
(month, year), Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)”.
DTM ACTIVITIES IN
THE REGION ARE
SUPPORTED BY:
HIGH FLOW OF MIGRANTS DUE TO MINE CLOSURE IN CHAD JUL / AUG / SEPT 2017
In Chad, the FMP is located in Kalait in the north of the country, which borders PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT THE FMP IN CHAD
Sudan, Libya and Niger. From July to September 2017, the main flow transiting Kalait
was composed of Chadian nationals. A small number of Sudanese, Libyan and
Togolese nationals were also observed (not significant enough to be included in the
chart below). 148 DAILY
AVERAGE
The main town of destination for Chadian nationals leaving Kalait is Abeche — a
town close to the Sudanese border with a direct route to both Sudan and
25% 75% 9%
% of minors among
N’Djamena in Chad. Privates vehicles are the main means of transportation for individuals recorded
individuals transiting through Kalait followed by trucks which represent a change
from the 2nd quarter of 2017 when trucks represented 53% of flows).
63%
37%
Compared to the 2nd
quarter of 2017, the daily average of individuals recorded at the Private
Truck
FMP decreased by 39% (with the exception of a peak in September due to a mine Vehicle
closure that led to movement into northern Chad). The 39% decrease is also largely MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows)
due to a strike of the driver’s union which impacted travel in the cities of Kalait,
Faya and Abéché. The reason for the strike was the increasing costs associated with
passing customs. The strike ended at the beginning of December 2017. Another NATIONALITY AND MAIN TOWN OF DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS IN CHAD
factor was the government’s new security restrictions on the movement of illegal
mine workers. All intercepted individuals, traveling with the intention of mining gold,
were automatically returned to their point of departure.
DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED CROSSING KALAIT

700
600 Mine closure, government Tchadien
500 restrictions: increased movements
around *kalait
400
300
200
100
0
01/07/2017
04/07/2017
07/07/2017
10/07/2017
13/07/2017
16/07/2017
19/07/2017
22/07/2017
25/07/2017
28/07/2017
31/07/2017
03/08/2017
06/08/2017
09/08/2017
12/08/2017
15/08/2017
18/08/2017
21/08/2017
24/08/2017
27/08/2017
30/08/2017
03/09/2017
06/09/2017
09/09/2017
12/09/2017
15/09/2017
18/09/2017
21/09/2017
24/09/2017
27/09/2017
30/09/2017
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Abeche Biltine Fada Faya Irguita Kalait Tine
DTM
Female Male

HIGH FLOW OF WOMEN AND MINORS TRAVELING THROUGH BURKINA FASO JUL / AUG / SEPT 2017
Since March 2017, flow monitoring of individuals has been conducted in PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT THE FMP IN BURKINA FASO
Ouagadougou. In Q3, nationals of Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and the Ivory Coast
were observed at this point.
Most of the flows are between Burkina Faso and the neighboring countries of Mali, 223
DAILY
AVERAGE
Niger, Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana. The main destination of individuals passing through
the FMP are: Ouagadougou (50%); Abidjan (21%); Niamey (13%); Bamako (12%) and
Accra (1%). In the third quarter, there is a slight increase in the number of females 31% 69% 15%
(from 25% to 31%) and minors (12% to 15%) transiting Ouagadougou compared to % of minors among
99% individuals recorded
the second quarter of 2017.
* All flows
Bus
Overall, and based on interviews with bus/taxi terminal managers, the flows in
MAIN MEAN OF
Burkina Faso tend to decrease in the months of July-September due to cultural TRANSPORT*
activities which occupy migrants. The daily average decreased from 279 individuals
to in the second quarter to 223 for the third quarter.
NATIONALITY AND DESTINATION COUNTRIES OF MIGRANTS
DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED CROSSING OUAGADOUGOU FMP Nigerien

1000
900
800
Malian
700
600
500
Ivoirian
400
300
200
Burkinabe
100
0
01/07/2017
04/07/2017
07/07/2017
10/07/2017
13/07/2017
16/07/2017
19/07/2017
22/07/2017
25/07/2017
28/07/2017
31/07/2017
03/08/2017
06/08/2017
09/08/2017
12/08/2017
15/08/2017
18/08/2017
21/08/2017
24/08/2017
27/08/2017
30/08/2017
02/09/2017
05/09/2017
08/09/2017
11/09/2017
14/09/2017
17/09/2017
20/09/2017
23/09/2017
26/09/2017
29/09/2017
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Burkina Faso Cote d'Ivoire Ghana Mali Niger
DTM
Female Male

RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL RESULTS IN SPIKE OF INTERNAL FLOWS FOR SENEGAL JUL / AUG / SEPT 2017
Since April 2017, flow monitoring data has been collected in Tambacounda, a main PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT THE FMP IN SENEGAL
transit town in Senegal. During the period observed, nationals from Senegal, Mali,
805
Guinea and The Gambia were identified at the FMP. DAILY
AVERAGE
The majority of the flows are internal with individuals heading to border towns
including Bakel, Kedougou, Diaobe, Manda, Kidira and Richard Toll. The main flows
are of Senegalese (64%), Malian (20%) and Guinean (8%) nationals. The main means
of transportation are buses (81%). 38% 62% % of minors
11% among
81% individuals recorded
19%
There were several peaks this quarter, particularly in September, which coincides Bus
Private Vehicle
with the Aïd el-Kebir, a holiday that sees many Senegalese return to their home
regions from the main cities. Consequently, a high percentage of females (38%, MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows)
33% in the 2nd quarter) and minors (11%, 7% in Q2) crossed FMPs during this
period.
NATIONALITY AND DESTINATION COUNTRIES
DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED CROSSING FMP IN TAMBACOUNDA Senegalese

2500
Religious celebrations: increased
movement to places of origin
2000 Malian
1500
Guinean
1000
Gambian
500
0 Bissau Guinean
01/07/2017
04/07/2017
07/07/2017
10/07/2017
13/07/2017
16/07/2017
19/07/2017
22/07/2017
25/07/2017
28/07/2017
01/08/2017
04/08/2017
07/08/2017
10/08/2017
13/08/2017
16/08/2017
19/08/2017
22/08/2017
25/08/2017
28/08/2017
04/09/2017
07/09/2017
10/09/2017
13/09/2017
16/09/2017
19/09/2017
22/09/2017
25/09/2017
28/09/2017
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Female Male Gambia Mali Senegal

REPORT #3 – PAGE 9
ANALYSIS OF FLOW MONITORING SURVEYS IN NIGER JUL / AUG / SEPT 2017
FLOW MONITORING SURVEY IN NIGER Nigerien migrants tend to travel within Niger, as well as to Algeria and Libya but
not beyond, hence the low number of Nigerien migrants arriving in Italy. One
The quantitative analysis presented in the following pages is based on data possible reason for this is the high costs associated with travel to Europe -
collected through Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS) at Flow Monitoring Points in Nigeriens are on average less wealthy than their Nigerian counterparts. In terms
Niger (NER). The total sample includes data collected in 2017 for 2,669 migrants of Nigerien women, culture plays a significant role in their lower incidence of
at Flow Monitoring Points in Niger. The survey asks a series of questions related travel compared to Nigerian women. Overall, Nigerians (both male and female)
to the migrants’ profile (e.g. nationality, age, education level etc.) as well as travel more than their Nigerien counterparts and the human smuggling networks
questions about their journey, motivations and intentions. The surveys are are likely more established in Nigeria compared to those in Niger.
conducted with migrants who are going towards new destinations as well as
those returning to their places of origin. Two of the locations where surveys are The marital status of Nigerian migrants is primarily single (76%), with a higher
conducted are flow monitoring locations, while the third location is the city of percentage of single Nigerian women (78%) than men. In comparison, 78% of all
Agadez which is a city with a high presence of migrants. Nigerien migrants are married. Most Nigerian migrants are Christians from the
southern part of Nigeria (NGA). These individuals tend to marry later than their
The following analysis will provide a comparison of the migratory flows for two Muslim counterparts and consequently have more freedom to travel, and do so
of the two largest population groups represented in the sample: Nigerian (NGA) while single.
with a sample of 305 migrants and Nigerien (NER) with a sample of 1,504
migrants. Considering that the data collection exercise was undertaken in Niger
and captures both inter and intra-regional migration flows, Nigeriens represent What is your civil status?
the largest sample population (68% of the total sample).
nga
COMPARISON OF NIGERIAN AND NIGERIEN MIGRANTS
male
More single Nigerian women on the move ner
A quarter of the 335 Nigerian migrants in the sample are women (27%)
nga
compared to only 7% of the Nigerien migrants. This is in line with findings from
female
IOM’s FMP Q2 report that examined FMS data from Italy. The Italy data included
migrants from West and Central Africa who arrived in Italy between February ner
and June 2017. In that data set, Nigerian women represented 26% of all Nigerian
migrants interviewed. In comparison, there were relatively few Nigerien migrants 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
overall in the 2017 sample (1% of all migrants interviewed in Italy), and no
divorced married single widowed
Nigerien women.

Varied levels and type of education among female migrants What was your employment status prior to departure?
Education levels are quite varied between Nigerian and Nigerien migrants, male
particularly among female migrants. A significantly higher percentage of Nigerien
nga
women (64%) have no education compared to 2% of Nigerian women. Further, female
24% of Nigerien women have attended Koranic school compared to only 1% of male
Nigerian women. Overall, female Nigerian migrants have acquired more varied,
ner
female
and in certain cases, higher levels of education including some post-graduate and
vocational education. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
student employed unemployed

In the south of Nigeria, where the majority of Nigerian migrants depart,
educational levels are higher than other parts of Nigeria. The migrants from
In terms of sectors of employment, Nigerien migrants tend to work in
these areas are more actively seeking employment opportunities in Europe and
agriculture (58%), which is the largest sector in Niger, and Nigerian migrants
elsewhere. Koranic education is also much more common in the north of
in retail sales (27%).
Nigeria.
If employed, what was your sector of employment/profession prior to
What level of education have you attained (female only)?
departure?
nga
female nga
ner
ner
female
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
agriculture retail sales transportation
none Koranic school primary secondary tertiary Post-graduate vocational
Migrants traveling in non-family groups
High rates of unemployment among male migrants
In terms of travel, the majority of migrants are traveling in groups (83%).
In terms of employment status prior to departure, Nigerian female migrants are There are more Nigerian male migrants traveling alone than any other
equally likely to be unemployed (43%) or students (44%). Men from both population group (41%). In terms group travel, the majority of migrants are
populations have high percentages of unemployment overall (66% Nigerian and traveling with non family members (87%). The exception is female Nigerien
71% Nigerien). However, perhaps the most striking is the high rate of migrants who are predominantly traveling with family members (65%) which
unemployment of Nigerien female migrants (92%). is in line with the cultural standards in Niger.

Who are you traveling with?

The importance of intraregional migration for Nigerien migrants
nga Nigerian migrants (of both genders) are departing* primarily from Nigeria
male
ner (70%) with a smaller percentage departing from Libya (18%). Many Nigerian
migrants use Niger as the starting point for their trip to Europe. A recent
female
nga
IOM global survey on migration, in which Nigeria participated, indicated that
ner
the proliferation of social media has enhanced contact with traffickers – who
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% often use the platforms to demonstrate an idealized view of life in Europe and
promising employment opportunities.
family relatives non family
For Nigerien migrants, the situation is quite different. Nigerien female

Of the female migrants traveling with relatives, Nigerien women travel with
migrants are departing primarily from Niger (71%), whereas Nigerien male
children only (54%), whereas Nigerian women travel primarily with siblings (47%).
migrants are departing equally from Niger (45%) and Libya (44%).
None of the Nigerian female migrants traveled with children alone and very few
with spouse and children (6%). One possible explanation for the high number of
children traveling with Nigerien women is to support the practice of begging Where did you depart* from?
upon arrival in Algeria.

male
Nigeria
A possible explanation for Nigerian women traveling with siblings, and supported
female
by interviews with Nigerian returnees, is the promise of traffickers to provide
good jobs upon arrival and request that younger siblings be brought along as well male
(under the guise of providing better living standards for the migrants).
Niger
female
Which family members are you traveling with?
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
nga
male
Algeria Libya Niger Nigeria

ner
nga
female
ner *departure country refers to habitual residence, country of origin, country of nationality or country of
residence for one year or more.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
with children only with parent only with distant relatives with siblings only with spouse and children with spouse only

The reasons for the departures are primarily economic for both groups Not all migrants heading to Europe
(77%). A lesser and secondary reason is war & conflict (22%). A deeper
analysis indicates that it is migrants departing primarily from Libya who have The data has demonstrated that Nigerien migrants are traveling primarily within
cited war and conflict as a motivation for departure. This is particularly true Africa and for economic reasons. The primary country of destination for those
of Nigerien migrants. According to enumerators in the field who conducted departing Niger is Libya (29%). Whereas, Nigerian migrants destination
the survey, Nigerien migrants are referencing the instability in Libya as a countries are more varied, with many traveling to Europe (24%) and Algeria
motivation for returning to Niger. (25%). Nigerian migrants seem to be transiting through Niger, rather than
staying in the country.
Why did you leave your country of origin?
What is your destination?

Nigeria
male
Niger
Nigeria
Nigeria
female
Niger Niger
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
economic limited basic services limited humanitarian services war & conflict
Algeria Europe Libya Niger Nigeria
Reason for departure: War & Conflict and country of departure

This short comparative analysis between Nigerian and Nigerien migrants sheds
some light on the varying motivations and destinations of migrants in West and
Nigeria
war & conflict

Central Africa. It also demonstrates the importance of intra regional migration,
particularly for Nigerien migrants but likely other populations groups as well. It
Niger
war & conflict also highlights the role that culture and gender play in migration, particularly
how and with whom migrants travel, particularly female migrants.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Algeria Libya Niger Nigeria

METHODOLOGY
WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
Flow Monitoring Methodology This tool collects information on the number and frequency of
individuals transiting or moving through a particular location.
IOM works with national and local authorities as well as Several techniques of flow monitoring and population movement
community-based organizations to better understand migration tracking are available and are deployed depending on the context
movements in West and Central Africa. and volume of flows identified.
Using tools from the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), the Migrants adjust their routes according to opportunities and obstacles
flow monitoring registry and survey questionnaires, teams of they encounter along their journey, their intended transit and
enumerators work in major transit areas to monitor intra and destination locations are often subject to change. This renders the
inter-regional migration movements. The locations of flow systematic assessment of their mobility throughout West and North
monitoring points are defined based on entry, exit and transit Africa more complex. Therefore, data collected in destination locations
point assessments conducted with national and local authorities may not always accurately reflect flows detected in transit locations.
along main migration routes. Data variations depends on migratory movements, FM methodology
and the number of staff deployed in each FMP and their capacity to
The flow monitoring methodology includes direct observations in capture all movements.
places of entry, transit or exit, as well as structured interviews
with migrants and key stakeholders in transit points (including
transportation workers, housing workers, and migration officials)
to assess movement trends, routes, and countries of origin and FOR MORE INFORMATION ON IOM DTM AND FMP
destination. This methodology has been developed to track IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA:
movement flows of groups and individuals through key points of
origin, transit locations and points of destination. http://displacement.iom.int/
http://migration.iom.int
The purpose of flow monitoring is to provide regularly updated http://www.nigermigrationresponse.org
information on the scale and profile of population movements.
The information and analysis provided by flow monitoring also Regional Office - CONTACT:
aims to better understand and define shortcomings and priorities rodakarpcteam@iom.int
in the provision of assistance along the displacement/migratory
routes.

Regional FMP Q3 Final

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REGIONAL MIGRATION REPORT

West and Central Africa

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN

MIGRATION TRENDS – WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA HARROWING JOURNEYS

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN

PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT FMPs IN NIGER

DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED CROSSING FMPs IN NIGER Nigerien

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

Female Male Burkina Faso Niger Mali Algeria

MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows)

1600 ORIGIN OF THE VEHICLE AND DESTINATION

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED CROSSING KALAIT

Abeche Biltine Fada Faya Irguita Kalait Tine

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN

DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED CROSSING OUAGADOUGOU FMP Nigerien

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Burkina Faso Cote d'Ivoire Ghana Mali Niger

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN

DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED CROSSING FMP IN TAMBACOUNDA Senegalese

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Female Male Gambia Mali Senegal

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN

student employed unemployed

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN

Who are you traveling with?

For Nigerien migrants, the situation is quite different. Nigerien female

upon arrival in Algeria.

Algeria Libya Niger Nigeria

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN

What is your destination?

Reason for departure: War & Conflict and country of departure

war & conflict

Algeria Libya Niger Nigeria

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN

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