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Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants

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Constituents of Essential Oil Isolated from the Dried

Flower and Leaf of Agastache rugosa (Fisch. et Mey)
from Xinjiang, in China
a b c d d e b
Haiyan Gong , Xiaoying Zhou , Ming Zhu , Xiumin Ma , Xin Zhang & Shuge Tian
a
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , China
b
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Famous Prescription and Science of Formulas , Urumqi , China
c
College of Pharmacy , Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , China
d
College of Basic Medicine , Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , China
e
College of Nursing , Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , China
Published online: 12 Mar 2013.

To cite this article: Haiyan Gong , Xiaoying Zhou , Ming Zhu , Xiumin Ma , Xin Zhang & Shuge Tian (2012) Constituents of
Essential Oil Isolated from the Dried Flower and Leaf of Agastache rugosa (Fisch. et Mey) from Xinjiang, in China, Journal of
Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 15:4, 534-538, DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2012.10644084

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 Jeobp 15 (4) 2012 pp 534 - 538 534

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants

ISSN Print: 0972-060X Online: 0976-5026
www.jeobp.com

Constituents of Essential Oil Isolated from the Dried Flower and Leaf
of Agastache rugosa (Fisch. et Mey) from Xinjiang, in China

Haiyan Gong 1,2, Xiaoying Zhou 3, Ming Zhu 4, Xiumin Ma 4, Xin Zhang 5, Shuge Tian 2*

1
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
Downloaded by [University of New Mexico] at 11:08 24 November 2014

2
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Famous Prescription and Science of Formulas, Urumqi, China
3
College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
4
College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
5
College of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
Received 13 February 2011; accepted in revised form 27 December 2011

Abstract: This article deal with the detailed pharmacognostic evaluation of the crude drug A. rugosa.
The essential oils isolated from dried flower and leaf of A. rugosa from Xinjiang, in China, were extracted by
the method of hydrodistillation and the chemical compositions of these oils have been investigated by gas
chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The yields of essential oils
from the dried flower and leaf based on the dry weight of the plant were 0.29 % and 0.57 % (w/w), respectively.
The flower oil was revealed the presence of 21 components, representing 99.78 % of the total oil. The major
compounds of the flower oil were oxygenated terpenes (35.4 %), estragole (29.5 %), p-Menthan-3-one (19.2
%), and monoterpenes (8.8 %). Twenty-six components accounting for 99.62 % of constituents of leaf oil
were identified, and the main compounds of the oil were p-Menthan-3-one (48.8 %), estragole (20.8 %),
monoterpenes (8.3 %), and oxygenated terpenes (5.6 %). Oxygenated terpenes were the main group of the
compounds in the flower oil and p-Menthan-3-one was the main group of the compounds in the leaf oil.

Key words: Agastache rugosa; essential oil composition; GC-MS; oxygenated terpenes;
estragole; p-Menthan-3-one.

Introduction for ornamental as well as medicinal purposes. It

Agastache rugosa (Fisch. et Mey), a perennial
herb in the Lamiaceae family, which widely
distributed in the fields of Xinjiang in China but
cultivated as a medicinal plant 1. Some of the
medical uses for the plant include using it as a
treatment for people suffering from anxiety,
nausea, bacterial infections, or gas. The herb is
known under many different names, such as
Korean mint, purple giant hyssop, Indiana mint,
and the wrinkled giant hyssop. The plant is used
is one of the 50 fundamental herbs in Chinese
herbology. As one of the 50 fundamental herbs,
A. rugosa is known as huo xiang. These plants
provide the materia medica, or basis, for traditio-
nal Chinese medicine. A. rugosa is reported to
have antifungal, antibacterial, carminative, and
antipyretic properties 2 . Carminatives are
substances that reduce the amount of gas pro-
duced in the gastrointestinal system, and can also
prevent flare-ups of acid reflux disease. The plant

*Corresponding author (Shuge Tian)

E-mail: < tsgyz@sina.com > © 2012, Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons
 Haiyan Gong et al. / Jeobp 15 (4) 2012 534 - 538
has also been used as a fungicide to prevent fungus
from growing on potato crops 3.
A. rugosa has been used as a wild vegetable
and an herbal drug in traditional therapies. Earlier
studies indicate that components of A. rugosa have
various pharmacological actions such as antioxi-
dant activity 4 and anti-HIV integrase actions 5.
Essential oils are natural compounds which
show great promise as a new prototype from
which antifungal agents may be developed 6-9. In
a previous report, the main component of the
essential oil of A. rugosa is estragole 10 which has
antifungal activity 11. So far, constituents of essen-
tial oils isolated from the dried flower and leaf of
Downloaded by [University of New Mexico] at 11:08 24 November 2014
A. rugosa (Fisch. et Mey) in Xinjiang of China
have not been reported. In the present study, we
investigated whether there is diversity between
in two different parts of A. rugosa. At the same
time, we initiated this study to characterize the
essential oils content and composition of different
parts of A. rugosa from Xinjiang. Our results thus
offer reliable base for resource optimization and
standard of quality control.
Experimental
Plant material
The aerial parts of A. rugosa were collected in
October 2010, locally from the Liyu mountain in
Xinjiang Province of China, which were at the
maturation phase and voucher specimen were
identified by Yonghe Li, a chief apothecary of the
Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang, is
photographed, recorded, and, after being dis-
played, is dried and accessioned into the her-
barium of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ethnical
Herbs Specimen Museum of Xinjiang Medical
University. The voucher specimen number:
TCMEHSM 2010-352.
Essential oil isolation
Dried leaf and flower were separately submitted
to hydro-distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus
for 6 h. At the end of each distillation the oils
were collected, dried with anhydrous sodium
sulfate prior to analyses, measured, and trans-
ferred to glass flasks and stored at 4°C.
Gas Chromatography (GC) Analysis
GC was carried out using a Agilent 6890 N GC-
535
FID system, equipped with a flame ionization
detector (FID) on a Agilent capillary column, HP-
5 (30 m × 0.32 mm; film thickness 0.25 μm). The
column temperature was programmed from 40°C
to 250°C at a rate of 5°C/min; The column tempe-
ratures of injector and detector were 250°C.
Helium was used as the carrier gas, flow rate 1.0
mL/min.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) Analysis
The GC-MS analysis was carried out using a
Agilent 6890 N GC-FID system, equipped with a
flame ionization detector (FID) on a Agilent
capillary column, HP-5 (30 m × 0.32 mm; film
thickness 0.25 μm). The column temperature was
programmed from 40°C to 250°C at a rate of 5°C
/min; The column temperatures of injector and
detector were 250°C. Helium was used as the
carrier gas, flow rate 1.0 mL/min. Split ratio was
1:100. The GC-MS analysis was done in the EI
mode at 70 e\/, inlet temperature was 200°C and
transfer line temperature was 250°C. The
temperature program was the same with that of
the GC analysis. The injected volume was 0.2 μL.
The identification of components and peak
identification were done by comparison of their
retention time with respect to the n-alkane series
(C6-C22) internal standards under the identical
experimental conditions 12. The mass spectra and
relative Retention Index (RI) were compared with
those of commercial (NIST 05 and NIST 05s) with
previous report 13. The relative amounts of
individual components were calculated based on
GC integrator peak areas without using correction
factors.
Results and discussion
The yields of essential oil obtained by steam
distillation, using a Clevenger-type apparatus for
6 h, from the dried flower and leaf of A. rugosa
were 0.29 % and 0.57 % (w/w), respectively. The
characteristic color of flower oil was powerful
spicy and presented light yellow color. The leaf
oil gave off stronger aromatic odor with brilliant
yellow color. The oils were analyzed by using GC-
MS of which the percentage compositions of the
oils were listed in Table 1, where all constituents
were arranged in such a way that their elution was
 Haiyan Gong et al. / Jeobp 15 (4) 2012 534 - 538
on the DB-5 column.
The flower oil was revealed the presence of 21
components, representing 99.7 % of the total oil.
The major compounds of the flower oil were
oxygenated terpenes (35.4 %), including pulegone
(34.1 %), estragole (29.5 %), p-Menthan-3-one
(19.2 %), and monoterpenes (8.8 %). The
monoterpenes and aromatic compounds were
main volatile fractions of the flower oil. Mean-
while, twenty-six components accounting for 99.6
% of constituents of leaf oil were identified, and
the main compounds of the oil were p-Menthan-
3-one (48.8 %), estragole (20.8 %), monoterpenes
Downloaded by [University of New Mexico] at 11:08 24 November 2014
536
of the NAS of Belarus 17. So far, constituents of
essential oils isolated from the dried flower and
leaf of A. rugosa (Fisch. et Mey) in Xinjiang,
which is located in the northwest China, have not
been reported. In the present study, we investi-
gated whether there is diversity between in two
different parts of A. rugosa. At the same time, we
initiated this study to characterize the essential
oils content and composition of different parts of
A. rugosa, which is artificial culture and growing
in Xinjiang, has not been the subject of previous
studies. Meanwhile, we isolated different parts of
A. rugosa offer choice for clinical application. Our

(8.3 %), and oxygenated terpenes (5.6 %). Oxy-
genated terpenes were the main compounds in the
flower oil; p-Menthan-3-one was the main
compound in the leaf oil.
Previous investigations were done on the
chemical constituents of essential oil of Agastache
rugosa from northeast China 14, Hubei 15 and
Hunan 16 of China, the Central Botanical Garden
results thus offer reliable base for resource
optimization, clinical choice and standard of
quality control.
Acknowledgements: This work was supported
by a grant from China, the Xinjiang Province
Office of Science and Technology Funding (Grant
NO: PT 07-08)

Table 1. Chemical composition of essential oils isolated from the dried

flowers and leaf from Agastache rugosa (Fisch. et Mey) of Xinjiang, China

Compound RI Peak Area (%)

Flowers Leaf

Octane 800 1.2 1.1

Hexane, 2,2,3-trimethyl 816 t t
Hexane, 2,3,4-trimethyl 818 t -
2-Hexenal, (E) 850 - 0.1
3-Hexen-1-ol 853 - t
Cyclohexanone 895 0.6 0.6
Sabinen 972 t 0.1
1-Octen-3-ol 980 0.7 1.5
3-Octanone 984 0.2 0.4
β-Myrcene 989 0.5 0.5
Limonene 1030 8.2 7.7
α-p-Dimethylstyrene 1091 - t
Octen-1-ol, acetate 1106 0.7 1.4
trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dienol 1124 0.3 0.2
4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol 1139 0.3 0.2
p-Menthan-3-one, cis 1158 2.5 7.3
p-Menthan-3-one 1167 16.7 48.8
p-Menth-8-en-3-one, trans 1178 0.6 0.2
Estragole 1200 29.5 20.8
6,6,7-Trimethyl-octane-2,5-dione 1219 - 0.1
 Haiyan Gong et al. / Jeobp 15 (4) 2012 534 - 538 537
table 1. (continued).

Compound RI Peak Area (%)

Flowers Leaf

cis-Carveol 1221 - t
Pulegone 1241 34.1 4.5
Piperitone 1257 0.2 0.4
Benzyl isopentyl ether 1289 t t
Tridecane 1300 - 0.1
(Z)-Cinerone 1342 0.1 -
Cyclobuta[1,2:3,4]dicyclopentene,decahydro 1388 0.1 0.1
-3a-methyl-6-methylene-1-1-methylethyl)-,
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[1S-(1α.,3aα,3bβ,6aβ,6bα)]
Benzene,1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl) 1400 1.2 1.3
Caryophyllene 1425 1.0 0.7
Germacrene D 1487 0.1 0.5
. γ-Elemene 1501 0.2 0.6
Cadina-1(10), 4-diene 1523 - t
(-)+Spathulenol 1585 - 0.2
Caryophyllene oxide 1591 - t
. α-Cadinol 1663 - 0.2

RI = retention indices relative to C8-C17. N-alkanes on the HP-5 column.

t = trace, GC Compositional values less than 0.1% are denoted as traces

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