Al Mawakeb Al Barsha

Science Department 2023-2024

Name: _______________________________ Grade 11 ____

Chemistry
Metallic Bonding

In Ionic compound, positive and negatives ions bond together. In metallic bonding, there is
also a bond between positive and negative charge, but the difference is that this bonding is
only within the same element.
The valence electron(s) of the metal elements leave the atom and surround it from outside.
The atom changes to cation (positively charge) that will be attracted to the delocalized
valence electrons (negatively charge).

Metallic bonding gives metals one of its properties which is the strength of metals.
Metals also have another property which is malleability. Malleability is the ability to bend
(change the shape) without being broken. How can strong item be bend?

The way metals atoms are arranged looks like layers where they can slide over each other.
In this way the shape changes but it doesn’t break down.
Al Mawakeb Al Barsha
Science Department 2023-2024

Another important property for metals is that they have high melting and boiling points.

Sodium melts at 98˚C and boils at 883˚C, while magnesium melts at 649˚C and boils at
1107˚C. The reason behind this difference in melting point. The reason behind this
difference is the electrostatic attraction between cations and sea of delocalized valence
electrons.

Since sodium has one

valence electron while magnesium has two valence electrons, so the charge inside
potassium will be 2+ while sodium will be 1+ which means attraction inside potassium is
stronger and this explains the higher boiling and melting bond than sodium.