Ship Survey and Inspection

- for Lawyers?
Maritime technology and the law

Ulrich Jurgens
 The Person

• Who am I?

• What do I do?
 The Person

• Who do I work for?

 The Employer
• Flag State administration of the UK - MCA

• Coastguard

• Survey and Inspection

 Tasks
• Surveys

• Inspections - including Port State Control

• (ISM) Audits

• Investigation/enforcement (www.dft.gov.uk/mca)

• Examining for certificates of competency

 Statutory Background
• SOLAS + MARPOL + Load Line etc

• ISM Code (SOLAS ’74, Chapter IX)

• Maritime Labour Convention

• UK Acts + Statutory Instruments

• M - Notices
 Surveys
• Purpose = Ship Certification

• On demand and paid for

• Hardware

• Detailed

• Deficiency report
Surveys - hardware
Surveys - hardware
Surveys - hardware
Surveys - certification
Surveys - certification
Survey - deficiencies
Survey – deficiencies
Survey – deficiencies
Survey – deficiencies
Survey – deficiencies
Survey – deficiencies
Survey - deficiencies
Survey - deficiencies
Survey - deficiencies
Survey - deficiencies
Survey - deficiencies
Survey - deficiencies
 Inspections
• Purpose – compliance control

• Free of charge – initially...

• Flag State inspections

• Port State (Control) + EU ferry inspections

• Varying levels of details

Inspection subject
Inspection subject
 Flag State Inspections
• Usually unannounced

• Targeted

• Incidents

• Pre Flag-in (charged)

 Port State Control Inspections
• Paris MOU (parismou.org)

• EU Directive 2009/16/EC

• Foreign flagged ships only

• Deficiency report and Detention

• Quality mark? – see risk profile (calculator)

Inspection - deficiencies
Inspection - deficiencies
Inspection - deficiencies
Inspection - deficiencies
Inspection - deficiencies
Inspection - deficiencies
Inspection - deficiencies
Inspection - deficiencies
Detention Notice
 (ISM) Audits
• Say what you do – do what you say

• Procedures and Operation

• Document of Compliance (DOC)

• Safety Management Certificate (SMC)

 Investigations
• Enforcement

• MCA v Police v MAIB

• eg incidents, collisions, groundings

• Administrative measures

• Prosecution
Investigation
Investigation
Investigation
Investigation
Investigation
Investigation
Investigation
Investigation
Investigation
 Investigation
• PAULA C collision video
 For Lawyers?
• Criminal law

• Public law

• Civil law

• Employment law
Civil, Public + Employment Law
• Admiralty Law

• Carriage Law

• Insurance Law

• Law of the Sea

• Maritime Labour Convention

 Admiralty - problems
• Collisions

• Pollution

• Death and Injury

• Defects and Liability (Maintenance)

• Inspector’s Liability (who is to blame?)

 Admiralty - law
• Collision - public investigation?

• Pollution – public investigation?

• Death and injury – public investigation?

• Maintenance – survey/inspection history?

• Blame the inspector/surveyor?

 Carriage - problems
• Master - cargo damage?

• Owner/Carrier – cargo damage?

• Survey/inspection caused delay?

• Laytime impact?

• Navigation or management?
 Carriage - law
• Master - cargo damage - HVR Art IV.1

• Owner/Carrier - cargo damage - HVR Art IV.1

• off hire - NYPE 93-cl 17; Shell 4-cl 21.a.

• Laytime - Gasvoy 05-cl 9.a.iii

• Navigation or technical defect? HVR IV.2.a

 Insurance - problems
• Good Faith? Warranty?

• Seaworthiness?

• Time Policy?

• Voyage Policy?

• P&I or Hull Claims?

 Insurance - law
• Good faith – defect reporting? s17 etc
• Warranty – “Vessel ISM compliant”- s33 etc

• Seaworthiness – is/was the vsl? s33+39

• Time policy – deficiencies closed out? s39.5

• Voyage policy – at the beginning? s39.1

• P+I: owner v master? Duty of care?

 UNCLOS - problems
• Flag State responsibility?

• Flag State rights?

• Port State responsibility?

• Port State rights?

• Innocent Passage?
 UNCLOS - law
• Art 94 - duties of the flag State

• Art 94.3 – are these also rights?

• Art 98 – 100 plus a “duty of care”?

• Art 94.5 – rights to control?

• Art 19 – definition of “good order”?

 MLC - problems
• What exactly is binding?

• Application to non-convention countries

• Special ships – who is a seafarer?

• Drafting and application of DMLS Part II

 MLC - law
• Art. I.1 – what is “complete effect“?

• Art. V.7 – no more favourable treatment

• Art. II.1.f – can the flag State decide?

• Std. A5.1.3.10.b – “measures adopted“

All clear?
The devil is in the detail
The End