SEAMANSHIP 4

CARGO HANDLING
DANGEROUS GOODS
By: 2/M Mersim C. Ilao
 Intended Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the session, Students shall be
able to:
• Explain the safe handling, stowage and
securing of cargoes, including dangerous,
hazardous and harmful cargoes and their
effect on the safety of life and of the ship”
 Importance
• Seamanship
- Is the knowledge and skill
pertaining to the operation,
navigation, safety and
maintenance of ship
 Importance of Terms:
• SEAMANSHIP
- The art or skill of handling,
performing of work and navigating
ship
Ordinary Practice of good seamanship –
refers to work of a seafarer onboard with
strict observance to the safety policy.
Capt. suresh
Capt. suresh
• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURITY OF
CARGO ?
• WHAT IS SAFE STOWAGE?

• SAFE STOWAGE - Stowage should be

such as to provide safe and satisfactory
access to the crew's quarters and all parts
of the deck required to be used in the
navigation and necessary work of the ship,
with sufficient space for the crew to work
clear of the goods concerned.
WHAT IS CARGO SECURING?

CARGO SECURING - refers

to ensuring that cargoes do
not move during transit or
rub against each other.
SAFE STOWAGE AND PROPER
SECURING GOES HAND IN HAND FOR
THE SAFE CARRIAGE AT SEA
BECAUSE?
- TO AVOID LOSS OF LIFE

- AVOID DAMAGE TO PROPERTIES

- AND DAMAGE TO THE

ENVIRONMENT
 • FOR SAFE STOWAGE AND
SECURING WE NEED TO REFER
TO VARIOUS AND APPRORIATE
CODES.
• CARGO SECURING MANUAL
• CODE OF SAFE WORKING PRACTICES
FOR MERCHANT SEAMEN
• CSS ( CODE OF SAFE WORKING
PRACTICE FOR CARGO STOWAGE
AND SECURING
• GRAIN CODE
• IMDG CODE
• IMSBC CODE
• IBC CODE
• P & A MANUAL
• THIS CODES WILL GIVE YOU
• A. GUIDELINES
• B. STANDARD PRACTICES
• C.REGULATIONS
• D. SAFETY
• E. LEGAL
• D. COMMERCIAL
 FEW IMPORTANT THINGS TO
BE CHECKED IN STOWAGE
AND SECURING OF CARGOES
• LASHING GEARS
• DUNNAGE
• SEPARATION
• CONTAMINATION
• THEFT AND PILFERAGE
• STOWAGE CATEGORIES

• Positioning of dangerous goods containers

onboard are categorized, called “Stowage
categories” as per IMDG code.
• For container vessels there are two types
of stowage categories.
1. On Deck
2. Under Deck
• For other than class 1 ( explosives ) ships
are divided into two groups for this purpose
1) cargo ships or passenger ships carrying a
number of passengers limited to not more
than 25 or to 1 passenger per 3 m of overall
length, whichever is the greater number;
2) other passenger ships in which the limiting
number of passengers transported is
exceeded.
• For every dangerous goods listed in
IMDG Code Dangerous Goods List
column 16 specifies stowage
requirement. This is indicated by
Category A, B , C, D or E.
• On Deck only stowage is always
prescribed for cases where:

1 constant supervision is required; or

.2 accessibility is particularly required; or

.3 there is a substantial risk of formation of explosive

gas mixtures, development of
highly toxic vapours, or unobserved corrosion of the
ship
• STOWAGE CATEGORIES AND THEIR
STOWAGE REQUIREMENT
Procedures and guidelines for stowage
and segregation of dangerous cargo shall
be adhered to additionally:
1.Every dangerous cargo shipment
shall be made in line with IMO policy
and be accompanied by required
documentation. DG cargo with
restricted/prohibited UN numbers
shall not be accepted for shipment
unless under special circumstances
express permission is obtained from
the company.
UN NUMBERING

• UN ID four-digit numbers ranging from

0004-3534 that identify dangerous goods or
hazardous substances — such as explosives,
flammable liquids, or toxic substances .
• All DG containers must be checked for proper
label/placard as required by the IMDG code. A
stock of spare labels/placards must be kept on
board.
• DG containers must be checked for condition
prior loading and leaking or damaged containers
posing a hazard, shall be rejected.
 It must be ensured that all DG containers are
loaded in the planned stow position. Any
discrepancies shall be brought to the notice of
the Terminal planner / Central planner and/or
local agent as required. The final condition may
be accepted only if meeting all stowage and
segregation requirements; else it must be
corrected by discharging/shifting concerned
container(s).
• The requisite day/night signals for vessels
carrying / loading / discharging dangerous
cargo shall be displayed.
• When handling/carrying dangerous cargo on
board smoking shall strictly not be allowed
other than in designated smoking areas.
Signs/placards shall be appropriately
displayed at the gangway and on deck.
• Location and properties of dangerous cargo shall be
considered when carrying out any special work
onboard such as hot work etc.
• Obtain container packing certificate: Certificate
indicating correct loading of a dangerous goods
container and the observance of the regulations set
out in the IMDG Code (International Maritime
Dangerous Goods Code). The container packing
certificate is issued by the person responsible for
packing the container.
• Other precautions shall be taken
when handling dangerous cargo
shipments as warranted by good
seamanship, SOLAS, MARPOL,
IMDG code, local and national
regulations.

• Further guidance for handling D.G

cargo is contained in IMDG Code
vol 1, 2 & supplement.
Commonly used Cargo
Securing Arrangements for
Dry Cargo
Lashing is a general term that is
used to on behalf of all the securing
arrangements onboard: It includes
ropes, wires, webbings, bandings,
strapping or chains, bottle screws and
other patent tensioning devices mostly
used on container ships.
• WHAT IS CARGO LASHING?

• Lashing is a general term that is used to on

behalf of all the securing arrangements
onboard. It includes ropes, wires, webbings,
bandings, strapping or chains, bottle screws
and other patent tensioning devices mostly
used on container ships.
Commonly used Cargo
Securing Arrangements for
Dry Cargo
Tomming: Construction of a support of
square section softwood framework, which
chocks off the cargo against ship’s
structure or other cargo
Filling: Use of air bags, empty pallets,
old tyres, etc. to fill the voids and broken
stowage between items of cargo and
between cargo and ship’s structures
Commonly used Cargo
Securing Arrangements for
Dry Cargo
Anti skid: Flat-boards are used to
increase frictional capabilities of the
cargoes
Binding: Even out a stow with dunnage
to make several units into one block. Also
stowing bags or cartons in different
directions in each layer forms a self-
locking slab which is a tight stow for
shifting cargoes
Commonly used Cargo
Securing Arrangements for
Dry Cargo
Structural Modifications: Very heavy
and uncomfortably shaped cargo may be
secured by welding the unit directly to the
ship’s structure or by fabricating a steel
framework or other support or chock
which is permanently attached to the
ship’s structure