Loadline Convention

Loadline convention
Q What is International Loadline convention (ILL 66) ?

It was observed that the draught and freeboard upto which a vessel is loaded
determines the safety of a vessel at sea
So to limit the draught at which the vessel will be loaded safely was required to
prevent the overloading.
So for that load line convention is used to determine the load lines of a vessel.
Adopted in 1966 and modified by the protocol of 1968 by IMO
Q What is the principal of the load line convention ?

Reserve Buoyancy
Q What is the aim of International loadline convention ?

To establish uniform principles and rules with respect to the limits to which ships on
international voyages may be loaded having regard to the need for safeguarding life
and property at sea.
Q What vessels the Load line convention applies to ?

Load line convention applies to -
1 Ships flying the flag of states that are the contracting parties of the convention.
2 Ships engaged in international voyages.
3 Ships having mechanical means of propulsion.
4 Sailing vessels.
Q Vessels exempted from Load line convention ?

Warships.
New ships less than 24m in length.
Existing ships of less than 150 GRT
Fishing vessels.
Pleasure yachts not engaged in trades.
Q What factors determine Loadlines ?

1 Superstructure and bulkheads
2 Watertight doors
3 Hatchways and ventilators
4 Hatch closing pontoons
5 Cleats
6 Securing systems for hatch covers
7 Hatch way coaming
8 Air pipes
9 Scupper inlet and discharge
10 Side Scuttles
Q Who issues Load line certificate ?

Flag state
Q Validity of Load line certificate ?

Specified by the flag state but not exceeding 5 years.
Q When the Load line survey is carried out ?

Initial survey,
Renewal survey within every 5 year,
Annual Survey(-+3 month of anniversary)
Q What are the contents of Load line Certificate ?
Load line mark
Type of ship A or B
Distances of various loadlines from deckline
FWA for all loadlines
Timber loadline and FWA if applicable
Validity of certificate
Q What are Type A ship and Type B ship as per LL convention ?

Type A ship – Ship designed to carry only liquid cargo in bulk, such that the cargo
tanks have small openings that are closed by watertight gaskets providing high level of
protection against flooding.
Type B ship – All those ships who so not fit in Type A category are Type B ships.
Q What are the contents of Load line Convention?

The Convention includes three annexes
Annex I is divided into four Chapters:
Chapter I - General;
Chapter II - Conditions of assignment of freeboard;
Chapter III - Freeboards;
Chapter IV - Special requirements for ships assigned timber freeboards.
Annex II covers Zones, areas and seasonal periods.
Annex III contains certificates, including the International Load Line Certificate.
Q Draw Load lines.
Center of Plimsoll
mark is the top of the
center line
Q Load lines’ levels are taken from the top or the bottom ?
From the top of the load lines
Q Distance between upper edge of T and upper edge of S ?

1/48 of summer draft
Q Distance between upper edge of S and upper edge of W ?

1/48 of summer draft
Q Distance between upper edge of W and upper edge of WNA ?

50mm
Q Mark the center of the Plimsol mark ?

The red dot at the top of the center line of the plimsol mark is the center because the
load lines are always taken from the top.
Q Where can you load more TF, F, T, S or W ?

We can load more in TF then F and we can load least in W.
Q How to prepare a vessel for the load line survey ?

Make sure the load line marks are clearly marked and painted.
Check all the hatch coamings, weather tight doors, Manhole covers rubber packings,
Sounding pipes, scuppers, portholes, E/R skylight, FPK tank valves, Bilge suction, Air
pipes, vents etc
Check the overboard non return valves.
Keep Load line report form 2 ready
IMDG CODE
Q What is the AIM of IMDG code ?
To regulate the transport of sea of Dangerous goods to reasonably prevent injury to
person or damage to the ship.
To regulate transport by sea of marine pollutants to prevent harm to the marine
environment.
Q Define Dangerous Goods

DG means the substances, material and article in packages form covered by the
IMDG code.
Q Does IMDG applies to tankers ?

No, as per the Forward of IMDG code it applied only for DG carried in packages form
or in solid form in bulk.
Q IMDG is in which chapter in SOLAS ?

Chapter VII: Carriage of dangerous goods
Q Define Hazardous cargo, Dangerous Cargo and Harmful Cargo

Hazardous Cargo – It does not have any Intrensic Dangerous properties but has a
potential to cause danger to life, property and environment if not stored, handled
secured and transported with proper precaution.
Dangerous Cargo – Cargo which has Intrensic Dangerous properties through which it
can cause danger to life and property.
Harmful Cargo – It is any substance which if introduced into the sea is liable to create
hazard to human health, living resources and marine life, amenities
and interfere with other legitimate uses of sea.
Q Define marine pollutant.

Substances which because of their potential to bio-accumulate in the seafood or
because of their high toxicity to aquatic life are considered harmful to marine
environment.
Q What are the contents of the IMDG code ?

General Class ki packing Consi Contruction Pro
Volume 1
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS, DEFINITIONS AND TRAINING
PART 2 CLASSIFICATION
PART 4 PACKING AND TANK PROVISIONS
PART 5 CONSIGNMENT PROCEDURES
PART 6 CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF PACKAGINGS, INTERMEDIATE
BULK CONTAINERS (IBCs), LARGE PACKAGINGS, PORTABLE
TANKS, MULTIPLE-ELEMENT GAS CONTAINERS (MEGCs) AND
ROAD TANK VEHICLES
PART 7 PROVISIONS CONCERNING TRANSPORT OPERATIONS
Volume 2
PART 3 DANGEROUS GOODS LIST, SPECIAL PROVISIONS AND LIMITED
QUANTITY EXCEPTIONS
Supplement
Q What are the contents of supplement of IMDG code ?

1 EMS guide
2 MFAG
3 Reporting Procedures
4 Recommendations on the safe use of Pesticides in ships
5 INF code
Q Define UN number
A unique identifying number assigned to the DG by United Nations committee of
expert on transportation of dangerous goods.
Q What does a UN number signifies ?

A UN number signifies that the substance is hazardous in nature and it is covered by
the IMDG code.
Q What is subsidiary risk ?

Goods which present a secondary dangerous property.
It should be labeled showing the hazard
Class number should not be present on the subsidiary risk label.
Q What is regulation for marking, labeling and placarding of dangerous goods ?

The proper shipping name and not the trade name of local name to be marked.
Packages are to provided with the distinctive labels.
The corresponding UN number readily visible and legible shall be marked.
Packages to be provided with distinct labels.
Information should still be identifiable on packages surviving at least three months
immersion in the sea.
Q What are the storage requirements for dangerous goods ?

The storage requirements for dangerous goods are -
1 Dangerous goods are to be stowed safely and appropriately according to the nature of
the goods.
2 Incompatible goods to be segregated from one another.
3 Explosive are to be stowed in a magazine securely closed at sea and segregated from
detonators.
4 Electrical apparatus and cabling in compartments shall be so designed and used as to
minimize the risk of fire and explosion.
5 DG that gives off vapors shall be stowed in compartment with mechanical vents or on
deck.
6 Substances which are liable to spontaneous heating or combustion shall not be
carried unless adequate precautions against fire and explosion are taken.
Q What precautions will you take while loading DG cargo ?

From the IMDG code find the Emergency schedules, Medical supplied and PPE
required to safely transport the cargo
Appropriate international code of signal by day or night to be displayed.
No Bunkering
RADAR off
Transmission on low power
Defective packages and cargo should be rejected
Q Precautions while loading explosives ?

Explosives must be stowed in wood or wood lined compartment.
No electric cables should pass from the compartment.
Electrical fittings must be disconnected from the compartment.
Explosives are unstable when wet so it should be kept in cool, dry, ventilated space
away from hot bulkhead
Explosives must be stowed away from the living quarters.
Q What are Non compatible cargoes ?

The cargoes which if not physically separated or stowed separately can cause hazard
when they spill in the vicinity of one another or if their vapors comes in contact with
one another.
Q What is Segregation as per IMDG ?

Segregation is the process of separating two or more substances or articles which are
considered mutually incompatible when their packing or stowage together may result
in undue hazards in case of leakage or spillage, or any other accident.
Q What are the ‘segregation terms’ as per IMDG ?

‘Segregation’ terms are
1 Away from
2 Separated from
3 Separated by a complete compartment or hold from
4 Separated longitudinally by an intervening complete compartment or hold from
1 Away from - may be transported in the same compartment or hold or on deck, provide
a minimum horizontal separation of 3 m, projected vertically
2 Separated from - In different compartments or holds when stowed under deck.

Provided the intervening deck is resistant to fire and liquid, a vertical separation, i.e. in
different compartments, may be accepted as equivalent to this segregation. For on
deck stowage,this segregation means a separation by a distance of at least 6 m
horizontally.
3 Separated by a complete compartment or hold from - Either a vertical or a

horizontal separation. If the intervening decks are not resistant to fire and liquid, then
only a longitudinal separation, i.e. by an intervening complete compartment or hold,
is acceptable. For on deck stowage, this segregation means a separation by a
distance of at least 12 m horizontally. The same distance has to be applied if one
package is stowed on deck, and the other one in an upper compartment.
4 Separated longitudinally by an intervening complete compartment or hold from -

Vertical separation alone does not meet this requirement. Between a package under
deck and one on deck, a minimum distance of 24 m, including a complete
compartment, must be maintained longitudinally. For on deck stowage, this
segregation means a separation by a distance of at least 24 m longitudinally.
Q What is 1,2,3,4 and X as per the Segregation table of IMDG ?
Q What are the classes of DG as per IMDG code ?

The classes of DG as per IMDG code are -
Class 1 Explosives
Div 1.1 Substances and Articles which have a Mass Explosion Hazard
Div 1.2 Substances and articles which have a Projection Hazard but
not a MEH
Div 1.3 Substances and articles which have a fire hazard and either a
minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not
a MEH
Div 1.4 Substances and articles which present no significant hazard
Div 1.5 Very insensitive substances which have a MEH
Div 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a MEH
Class 2 Gases
Class 2.1 Flammable gases
Class 2.2 Non-flammable, non-toxic gases
Class 2.3 Toxic gases
Class 3 Flammable Liquids

Class 4 Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion;
substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
Class 4.1 Flammable solids, self-reactive substances, solid desensitized
explosives and polymerizing substances.
Class 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion
Class 4.3 Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
Class 5 Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides

Class 5.1 Oxidizing substances
Class 5.2 Organic peroxides
Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances

Class 6.1 Toxic substances
Class 6.2 Infectious substances
Class 7 Radioactive material

Class 8 Corrosive substances
Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles
Class 10 Marine Pollutant
Q What are the Columns of the Dangerous Goods list ?
Q What documents are required to carry the DG ?

Document of Compliance
Shipper’s declaration
DG Manifest
MSDS
Q For carrying what all classes you do not require a DOC ?

We do not require a DOC for carrying the following DG.
6.2 Infectious substances
7 Radio active substances – for this we need INF certificate instead
DG in limited quantity
DG which do not posses enough hazard.
Q What are General guidelines for Spillage of IMDG goods

1 Avoid any contact with dangerous substances. Do not walk through spilled liquids or
dust (solids).
2 Keep away from vapors or gases
3 Sound alarm.
4 Keep the bridge and living quarters up wind if possible.
5 Wear full protective clothing resistant to chemical attack and self-contained breathing
apparatus.
6 Locate stowage position of leaking cargo.
7 Identify cargo.
8 Obtain UN Numbers and the EmS SPILLAGE SCHEDULE of dangerous goods
involved.
9 Consider which measures of the EmS SPILLAGE SCHEDULE are applicable and
shall be followed.
10 Be prepared to use the Medical First Aid Guide (MFAG).
11 Contact the designated person of the company responsible for the operation of the
ship to obtain expert advice on dangerous goods emergency response measures.
Q What is EmS guide and how to use it ?

The EmS Guide contains guidance on Emergency Response Procedures for ships
carrying Dangerous Goods including the Emergency Schedules (EmS) to be followed
in case of incidents involving dangerous substances, materials or articles, or harmful
substances (marine pollutants), regulated under the International Maritime Dangerous
Goods Code (IMDG Code).
Q What are General guidelines for fire of IMDG goods

Consider which measures of the EmS FIRE SCHEDULE are applicable and shall be
followed.
Check if other dangerous goods may potentially be involved in the fire and identify the
relevant EmS FIRE SCHEDULE.
Wear suitable protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus.
Be prepared to use the Medical First Aid Guide (MFAG).
Contact the designated person of the company responsible for the operation of the
ship or a rescue co-ordination centre to obtain expert advice on dangerous goods
emergency response measures.
Q What is DOC for IMDG ? Who issues it and when ?

Document of compliance for the carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form
Ships carrying dangerous goods in packaged form need according to SOLAS II-2/19
and VII a document of compliance issued by the flag state administration. This
document is issued by the ship safety division of the BG Verkehr upon a survey by a
recognized organization (classification society).
Q Latest IMDG code?

The IMDG Code, 2020 Edition (inc. Amendment 40-20) comes into force on 1 June
2022 and may be applied voluntarily as from 1 January 2021.
The IMDG Code Supplement, 2020 Edition renders obsolete the previous 2018
edition.
Q Latest IMDG code Amendments ?

New and revised provisions relating to the classification, packing, labeling, placarding,
and marking of dangerous goods
New and revised provisions relating to the handling, stowage, segregation, and
transportation of dangerous goods
Amendments to various schedules and lists in Annexes A, B, and C
Q Draw the Labels for IMDG Cargoes ?

Q Define packing group as per IMDG
Except for Class
1 explosives,
2 Gasses,
6.2 Infectious substances and
7 Radioactive materials
DG have been divided into three packing groups according to the danger they present.
Great danger Packing Group 1
Medium Danger Packing Group 2
Minor Danger. Packing Group 3
Q How to use IMDG code in Detail?
Get the Proper shipping name or UN number of the cargo you are about to carry.
Locate the DG cargo in Volume 2 part 3 DG list.
Note down all the information from the provisions such as it packing group,
Segregation info, packing provisions, its Emergency Schedule numbers etc from the
row.
Now, open the Volume one and read all the provisions in details.
Open EMS guide and note down the Fire and spill schedule of the cargo.
Open Appendix 15 of MFAG and note down the table no from UN no and proper
shipping name and from Appendix 14 note down the list of medicines and medical
equipment required.
Q How to use MFAG ?

First page of MFAG is about “How to use this Guide.”
Emergency Action - See the Flow chart and diagnosis from page 2 and determine the
Table No for appropriate Symptoms.
Tables will give the Treatment.
Also Appendix 15 has list of DGs gives table no to be considered in incident involving
that particular DG.
Q You see radioactive cargo leaking, Action ?

As per the Spillage schedule for Radio active material S-S in Ems guide
Evacuate the person from the compartment.
Provide the respiratory protection to personnel in the downwind area.
Measure radiation levels.
Limit the entry of personnel to the shortest time.
Cover liquid spill with inert absorbent material or cover powder spill with tarpaulin.
Exposed person shall shower with warm soapy water and discharge the water directly
overboard, and give the medical attention.
Radio for expert advice.
Wash spillage overboard with copious amount of water, keep clear of the affluent.
Allow any gas released to escape freely. Provide adequate ventilation.
Q Checks prior to loading DG ?

Packages are in good intact condition, not leaking or torn.
IMDG Labels and marking are appropriately marked on the packages.
Q IMDG is applicable to what all modes of transport ?

All modes of transport.
Q Why IMDG became compulsory in 2008 and not before ?

Before 2008 IMDG was only recommended and not compulsory, after many incidents
in vessels specially on containers vessel, IMDG become compulsory.
Q Is Sulphur covered by IMDG ?

Yes, Sulphur is covered by IMDG its UN number is UN 1350
However is is also in IMSBC, It is a Group C cargo.
Q Is Gasoline covered by IMDG ?

Yes, it is covered by IMDG, Its UN number is UN 1203, IMDG Packing Group 2
Q So does IMDG apply on a tanker carrying Gasoline ?

No(he wants to hear No), It applies as per IMDG only when it is carried in packaged
form, When it is carried on an oil tanker it is covered by IBC code.
CHAIN REGISTER
Q What is chain register ?
It is a document of tests, examination and certification based on the requirements of
“ILO convention No 152 and recommendation no 160” for
1 Chains
2 Wires
3 Ropes
4 Lifting appliances
5 Derricks/Cranes
Q What are other names of chain register ?

1 Register of lifting appliances and items of loose gear
2 Form - 99
Q What is the AIM of the chain register ?

To ensure ship’s lifting appliances and items of loose gear are initially certified by a
competent person and establish periodically that they continue to be in safe working
order to the satisfaction of a competent person acceptable to the competent authority.
Q Who is a competent person ?

A competent person is a person appointed by a competent authority, someone who
has sufficient knowledge and experience of carrying out these tests, examination in
accordance with the regulations and the requirement laid by the “ILO convention No
152 and recommendation no 160”.
Q Who is a competent authority ?

A competent authority is a government body or any other authority who has power to
bring in regulation or give instructions which can be brought in with the help of law.
Q Who issues the chain register ? Who issued the certificate under it ?
Competent person
Q How the certificates are issued in a chain register ?

A Competent person witness and supervises the testing according to the regulation
Upon satisfactory completion of procedures Competent person issues and attaches
the appropriate certificates.
An entry shall be made in the Part 1 of the chain register.
Q What the contents of a chain register ?

Form No 1 Identity of national authority or competent organization.
Part I Through examination of lifting appliances and loose gear.
Part II Regular examination of loose gear.
Form No 2 Certificate of test and through examination of lifting appliances
Form No 2U Certificate of test and through examination of Derricks used in
union purchase
Form 3 Certificate of test and through examination of loose gear
Form 4 Certificate of test and through examination of wire rope
ALTERNATE CONTENTS
PART 1 Initial and periodical load test of lifting appliances
and their annual through examination
PART 2 Initial and periodical load test of loose gear
and their annual through examination
PART 3 Annealing of chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels(other than
those exempted)
Q What are the various entries made in chain register ?
1 Name of the ship
2 Port of registry
3 Owners Name and address
4 Entries concerning four yearly examination and annual examinations
5 Through annual examination of cranes, winches and hoists
6 Accessory gear other than derricks
7 The through annual examination for gear exempted from annealing
8 The annealing of gear
9 Recommended factors of safety.
Q What is a Thorough examination ?

Thorough examination means a through visual examination supplemented by other
means such as a hammer test or gear may be dismantled and overhauled
Q What is annealing ?
Process of heating and subsequent cooling to achieve the softness ductility and,
relieve any internal stresses.
The metal is heated to about 20-30 Degrees above the critical point then after being
held for a while at this temperature it is cooled slowly at the rate of about 50 degree
per hour in the furnace
If it is cooled in air it is called normalizing
It it is immediately quenched in water after heating to critical temperature it is called
Hardening, it hardens the steel.
Q What all gears are exempted from annealing ?

1 Chains made of cast Iron
2 Plate link Chain
3 Chains, Rings, Hooks, Shackles and swivel made of steel
4 Pully Blocks
5 Hook and swivel having screw threaded part or ball bearings
RORO
Q What precautions will you take while loading vehicles on roro ships ?
Decks must not be wet, greasy or slippery.
All vehicles brakes should be ON & engine in gear
Put chocks to restrict the movement of heavy vehicles.
The ramp must be resting on the jetty in respect to changing draft and tidal effects
must be monitored.
CONTAINERS
Q What is TEU ?
Twenty Equivalent Unit, one of the standard size of containers
Q What are the dimensions of a TEU container ?

20 Feet X 8 Feet X 8 Feet
Q What is FEU ?
Forty Equivalent Unit, one of the standard size of containers
Q What are the dimensions of a FEU container ?

40 Feet X 8 Feet X 8 Feet
Q What is a High cube container ?

A container similar in structure to ISO standard containers, but taller. While a standard
container has a maximum height of 2591 mm (8'-6"), a high-cube container is 2896
mm (9'-6") tall.
Q What are the dimensions of a high cube container ?

One foot taller than the standard container, it is 9 foot tall.
Q How will you identify a High cube container ?

Three ways
1 High cube containers will have a Yellow and black bands at the top of the gates.
We will look for Cubic capacity on the markings of the containers, for big box container
2
it is 76.4 Cubic meters.
3 It will also say “Caution, 9’6” High cube container” near the door
Q What is custom seal?
Q Can u load if seal is broken or missing?
Q Action if seal is missing or broken?
Q What is Bay Plan ?

Bay Plan is basically the stowage pl Hardening an of a container vessel, according to
which containers is placed safely in economical manner and in a way that is
convenient as per the order of load and discharge port.
Q What is Bay-Row-Tier method ?

BAY
Bays are numbered forward to aft
Even number bays - FEU and odd number bays - TEU
ROW
Center row 00
Going from center to stbd will be 01,03,05,07 etc
Going from center to port will be 02,04,06,08 etc
TIER
Tier number are always even
1st container on tank top is 02 then 04,06 and so on.
1st container on the hatch cover is called 82 then 84,86,88 etc.
Q Container 060606 location ?

As per Bay-Row-Tier method
First two digit from left 06 is Bay number, 06th bay from forward, Since bay number is
Even it is a FEU
Second two digit at middle 06 is Row, Even number means port side 3rd row from the
center.
First two digit from right 06 is tier, Since tiers under the deck are numbered 02,04,06
only even from the tank top so 06 will be the third container from the tank top.
Q Who issues DOC for containers?

All containers must be approved by the government of a contracting state to the
Convention or by an organization that has been approved for that purpose by that
government.
Q Information on CSC plate ?
Q CSC plate, Will b on 20 or 40 footer ?

On Both
Q What are the Markings on a container ?

Q What does CBCU 200031 stands for ?
CBC First three letters CBC are owners code
U indicates that it is a transport unit.
2 First digit indicates the length of the container, 2 for TEU and 4 for FEU
0 Second digit indicates the height of the containers
0 8’0”
2 8’6”
3 8’6”
4 More than 8’6”
6 4’0”
8 4’3”
9 Less than 4’0”
0 Third digit indicates the type of the container.
0 Closed containers
1 Closed and heated container
2 Insulated and heated container
3 Refrigerated container
4 Refrigerated container with removable equipment
5 Open top container
6 platform
7 Tank container
8 Bulk container and livestock
9 Air container.
0 Forth digit specifies the precise sub category of container within the
above type.
1st two are called size code and next two are called type code.
Q What is TARE weight ?

Weight of container when it is completely empty
Q What is payload?
Weight of the cargo in a container.
Q What is Check Digit ?

Check digit is a single digit number that suffixes the container code, and it is calculated
by using the container code itself and it is used to check that the container in question
is the correct container since the containers with different container codes will have a
different check digit even for very similar container codes.
Q What is Stack Weight ?

The stack weight of a container or hatch cover or deck is the total weight that can be
safely loaded and carried on the top of the containers or hatch cover or deck.
Q What is period for testing of a container ?

Under PES(Periodic Examination Scheme) container must be first examined within
five years of the date on which it was manufactured and thereafter within 30 months of
the date of the last examination.
Under ACEP(Approved Continuous Examination Program) The first thorough
examination of a container must be carried out within 30 months of the date on which it
was manufactured. Thereafter the intervals between thorough examinations must not
exceed 30 months.
The date before which a container must first be thoroughly examined or next
thoroughly examined under a periodic examination scheme must be clearly marked on
the Safety Approval Plate or on a decal (adhesive label) on or as close as is
practicable to the Safety Approval Plate.
Q What are the features of a containers ?

Permanent character, strong enough for fixed repeated use
Can transport from one form of transport to another.
Easy to stuff and de-stuff.
Have easy means to be secured.
Q How to take over a watch on a container vessel ?
Q Can you load grains in container holds, under what conditions?

Yes, we can load the grains in containers, provided container was clean, loaded fully
and is water tight.
Q What are the types of containers?
For various types of cargo which can be unpacked

Closed, General purpose
or packed in bales, cases, cartons, bags or drums.
For carrying commodity such as tea, coffee and
Closed container ventilated cocoa which can get damaged by moisture or which
give off moisture.
Used to protect wine cargoes from freezing in cold
Insulated containers climates and commodities such as butter from
melting in warm climates.
Refrigerated containers Used for chilled cargoes
Used for granite or marble slabs, glass plates,
Open top containers
plywood sheets etc.
Cargo can be loaded at side by forklifts with out
Open sides containers
removing the container from the truck or train.
Heavy or high density cargoes not requireing
special protection such as iron and steel bar or
Half height container
sheets, pipes or ingots, other metals and liquid or
granules in drums.
Normally fitted onto trailers and used on roro ships
Platforms or flat tracks
or rail cars
Bulk containers Used for carriage of bulk cargoes
Livestock or pen containers Carriage of sheep, horse and other livestock.
Used for harmless cargoes such as wine, milk, or
Tank containers fruit juices, DG liquids such as vegetable oils,
products or chemical or compressed gas.
Tiltable containers Used for grains
Collapsible containers
Q What temperature you will maintain for frozen, chilled and air cooled cargoes ?
Cargo Temp Products
Frozen -8℃ to -12℃ Meat, Butter, Poultry and Fish
Chilled -2℃ to -6℃ Cheese, Eggs and fresh vegetables, beef
Air Cooled 2℃ to 12℃ Fruits
Q What equipment would you check to check the concentration of CO2 ?

Thermoscope
Q At what readings you will ventilate the compartment for refrigerated cargo ?
If CO2 concentration higher than 7% then ventilate.
Q Why is crossdeck on container ship susceptible to damage
Q What are the precautions for loading Reefer containers ?

Prior to loading check that the plug points are okay and sufficient spares for reefer
machinery are carried.
A reefer manifest must be obtained from the ashore and details is stowage checked by
the ETO.
The reefers must be planned to stow where the plugs are available
The gantry operator must be made aware of where the position of plug is as container
can’t be turned around later.
Once loaded plug the reefer and check for the operation of machinery.
Record the initial temperature, if difference is huge refuse the container and issue a
protest.
Check the temperature daily
In case of reefer failure attend to it immediately and inform the company.
On arrival disconnect the reefer prior discharge.
Q Precautions for loading DG containers ?

Before loading DG the company or agent must make available shipper’s declaration
which containers
Proper shipping name, UN number, weight, container number, a statement that the
goods have been properly packed and the container is labelled.
From the proper shipping name note down its emergency schedule and MFAG
numbers.
If any special equipment such as medicines, safety equipment gas detectors etc are
required they should be onboard before loading
Plan the stowage as recommended by the code.
Prior to loading ensure that all crew is briefed about the DG.
Ensure that the container is properly marked and stowed and is not damaged or
leaking.
Carry out an IMDG drill.
Q You see smoke coming out of a container, You Action ?

Q You see smell of gas near a container, suspect leakage, Action ?
Q Can you load a container with marine pollutant in an outboard position ?

Yes.
Q What all equipments are used to lash containers ?

Portable - Lashing rods, Extension piece, turnbuckles, twist-locks, Connection
Hook(Imp) etc.
Fixed – D-Ring, Eye pad, fixed stacking cone,
Q How containers are lashed ?

Using lashing rod, extension piece, twist locks, connection hook etc.
Containers are lashed with lashing rods ether parallel, Crossed or parallel lashing with
equalising equipment, outboard containers are lashing with the wind lashing
Q How to load a container on general cargo vessel ?

Refer to the cargo securing Manual
Make a Rectangular sling with 4 hooks at the four corners
Lift the container with the rectangular sling using vessel’s crane.
Q What is Brine ?
Brine means salt water, It is used in a brine trap.
Q What is a brine trap ?

It is a device that keeps the cool air inside the compartment and warm air out while at
the same time lets the water in the compartment drain out.
Q You sight a container leaking on the jetty, Action ?
Q Can you load a DG container without a DG manifest ?

No, as it a safety hazard.
Q How will you identify the IMDG containers if there is no marking, labelling on that?
From manifest
Q You have DG container 2nd tier on ship side..it catches fire..vessel at sea your action.
Hint - (EMS,MFAG)
Q what you will do if that container is marine pollutant ? Will you fight the fire ?
-----Yes
Q What is VGM ?
Verified Gross Mass
Q Who is responsible for the declaration of VGM of a container ?

Shipper.
Q What all methods are used to calculate the VGM ?

There are two methods to calculate VGM
1 Measure the weight of the truck with the container then minus the weight of the truck
2 Weight all the contents of the container and then add it to the TARE weight.
Q What will you do if a container doesn’t have a VGM ?

The container will be refused and will not be loaded as it is a safety hazard.
Then raise a protest.
Q What are cell guides ?

The cell guides are generally steel angle bars orientated vertically, with entry guides at
the top to assist with locating the container.
The cell guides provide adequate longitudinal and transverse support to the 40ft
containers and no further securing arrangements are necessary.
Q What precautions will you take while loading valuable cargoes ?

Valuable cargoes should be stores in lockers
Should be overstowed with other suitable cargo.
Should be worked only at day and well lit compartment
Watchmen
Access should be locked and means of access like ladders etc should be locked.
Q What are advantages and disadvantages of containerisation ?

Advantages
Saves packing cost
Less damage to cargo during handling
Prevention to theft and pilferage
Less handling time at every port
Preserves the quality of cargo from taint
Easy tallying and documentation
It offer door to door delivery on every mode of transport.
Disadvantages
Highly capital initial investment
High degree of training is required for smooth operation
Repositioning of containers after discharge is required
Infrastructure on land is required to handle the containers.
Q Why are bridge fittings not used on containers nowdays ?
Because of racking stresses.
Q Publications on containers vessel ?

CSC Code
CSS Code
CSM
IMDG code
CSC
Q What is CSC ?
International Convention for Safe Containers
Q When CSC was adopted and when did it come into force ?
Adoption: 2 December 1972; Entry into force: 6 September 1977
Q What is the AIM of the CSC ?

The objectives of the Convention for Safe Containers are:
to maintain a high level of safety of human life in the transport and handling of
containers by providing generally acceptable test procedures and related strength
requirements which have proved to be adequate over the years; and
to facilitate the international transport of containers by providing uniform international
safety regulations, which are equally applicable to all modes of surface transport. This
seeks to avoid the proliferation of divergent national safety regulations.
Q Latest edition of CSC ?

2014 Edition
Q What are the amendments of CSC ?

New definitions at the beginning of annexes I and II
Consequential amendments to ensure uniform usage of terminology throughout CSC
1972
Amendments to align all physical dimensions and units to the S.I. system
The introduction of a transitional period for marking containers with restricted stacking
capacity;
The inclusion in annex III of the list of deficiencies which do not require an immediate
out-of-service decision by the control officer but do require additional safety measures
to enable safe ongoing transport
Q What are the contents of CSC ?

Annex I Regulations for the testing, inspection, approval and maintenance of
containers;
Annex II Structural safety requirements and tests.
Q To what all containers CSC applies ?

The Container Safety Convention applies to all new and existing containers, as
defined (see 3.2 and 3.3 below), which are used in international transport other than
those which are specially designed for transport by air. Although the Convention does
not apply to containers used solely on internal movements within a state, there is no
reason why a state cannot apply the Convention to such containers and a number of
states have done so.
to facilitate the international transport of containers by providing uniform international
safety regulations, which are equally applicable to all modes of surface transport. This
seeks to avoid the proliferation of divergent national safety regulations.
the Convention does not apply to offshore containers
Q What is Container as per CSC ?

A container is defined in the Convention as an article of transport equipment that is:
of a permanent character & accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use;
specially designed to facilitate the transport of goods, by one or more modes of
transport, without intermediate reloading;
designed to be secured and/or readily handled, having corner fittings for these
purposes;
of a size such that the area enclosed by the four outer bottom corners is either:at least
14 m2 (150 sq ft), or,at least 7 m2 (75 sq ft) if it is fitted with top corner fittings.
Q What is ISO ?
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Q Who is responsible for the maintaining the containers ?

The owner of every container is responsible for maintaining it in a safe condition.
Q What is the stability requirements for the container cargo ?

Heavy containers must be stowed at the bottom and light ones at the top.
The weight of each containers must be fed into the ship’s loadicator to ensure that the
stresses do not exceed permissible limits and the ship complies with the minimum
stability requirements as prescribed by IMO.
IMSBC CODE
Q What is IMSBC code ?
International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code, which replaces the Code
of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes (BC Code)
Adopted on 4 December 2008,
entry into force on 1 January 2011
IMSBC Code and supplement is commended to Administrations, shipowners, shippers
and masters and all others concerned with the standards to be applied in the safe
stowage and shipment of solid bulk cargoes, excluding grain.
Q Does IMSBC code covers Grain cargoes?

No, The requirements for the transport of grain are covered by the International
Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk (International Grain Code, 1991).
Q What is the AIM of IMSBC Code ?

The primary aim of the IMSBC Code is to facilitate the safe stowage and shipment of
solid bulk cargoes by providing information on the dangers associated with the
shipment of certain types of solid bulk cargoes and instructions on the procedures to
be adopted when the shipment of solid bulk cargoes is contemplated.
Q What are the contents of the IMSBC code ?

IMSBC code has 13 sections & 5 appendixes
General General safety assessment Trim
Section 1 General Provisions
Section 2 General Loading , carriage and unloading precautions
Section 3 Safety of personnel and ship
Section 4 Assessment of acceptability of consignments for safe shipment
Section 5 Trimming procedures
Section 6 Methods of determining the angle of repose

Section 7 Cargoes that may liquefy
Section 8 Test procedures for cargoes that may liquefy
Section 9 Materials possessing chemical hazards
Section 10 Carriage of solid wastes in bulk
Section 11 Security provisions

Section 12 Stowage factor conversion tables
Section 13 References to related information and recommendations
Appendix 1 Individual schedules of solid bulk cargoes

Appendix 2 laboratory test procedures, associated apparatus and standards
Appendix 3 Properties of solid bulk cargoes
Appendix 4 Index
Appendix 5 Bulk Cargo Shipping Names in three languages (English, Spanish and
French)
Q What are the contents of the supplements of the IMSBC code ?

1 BLU code
2 BLU manual
3 Uniform method of measurement of the density of bulk cargoes
4 lists of solid bulk cargoes for which a fixed gas fire-extinguishing system may be
exempted or for which a fixed gas fire-extinguishing system is in effective
5 Recommendations for entering enclosed spaces aboard ships
6 Recommendations on the safe use of pesticides in ships applicable to the fumigation
of cargo holds
7 Contact names and addresses of the offices of designated national competent
authorities responsible for the safe carriage of grain and solid bulk cargoes
Q Latest Edition of IMSBC ?

2020 Edition, brought into force in 2021, and it renders all the previous editions
redundant.
Q IMSBC latest amendments ?

Amendments in 2020 editions were -
Appendix 1, Individual Schedules of Bulk Cargoes –
11 cargoes been added to the Schedules list.
Physical properties and hazard classification added to Table of Characteristics
Revised schedules for Seedcake
Due to loss of Bulk Jupiter Bauxite Schedule revised.
Section 4.1, Identification and Classification – now requires further information in

relation to dangerous goods cargoes. For this type of cargo, the Bulk Cargo Shipping
Name (BCSN) used in shipping documents must now include:
The chemical or technical name of the material.
A specific description to identify the properties of the material.
The UN number of the material.
Section 9 revised.
Q Why IMSBC code replaced BC code ?

To make the code mandatory because the BC code was only recommendatory to the
states.
To draw parallel with IMDG code eg reviewed every 2 years.
To update information of the existing cargoes.
To give new amendments and supplements.
Q What is difference between IMSBC code and BLU code ?
Q Can you carry a solid cargo in bulk if it is not listed in IMSBC code appendix 1 ?
Yes, If shipper provides a certificate issued by a competent authority stating the
characteristics and required conditions for carriage and handling of the cargo.
Q What is a Competent authority ?

Competent authority means any national regulatory body or authority designated or
otherwise recognized as such for any purpose in connection with this Code.
Q What is “Solid Bulk Cargo” ?

Solid bulk cargo means any cargo, other than liquid or gas, consisting of a
combination of particles, granules or any larger pieces of material generally
uniform in composition, which is loaded directly into the cargo spaces of a ship
without any intermediate form of containment.
Q What is Homogeneous cargo ?

Cargo having same uniform cargo particles throughout
Q What is Dangerous goods in solid form in bulk ?

Dangerous goods in solid form in bulk means any material, other than liquid or gas,
consisting of a combination of particles, granules or any larger pieces of material,
generally uniform in composition, which is covered by the IMDG Code and is loaded
directly in to the cargo spaces of a ship without any intermediate form of
containment, and includes such materials loaded in a barge on a barge- carrying ship.
Q What is Angle of Repose ?

Angle of repose means the maximum slope angle of non-cohesive (i.e., free-
flowing) granular material. It is measured as the angle between a horizontal plane
and the cone slope of such material.
Q Draw the diagram of Angle of repose
Q Which is hazardous more or less angle of repose ?

Less
Q Methods to determine Angle of repose ?

Tilt box method, Funnel method
Q What is Flow moisture point ?

Flow moisture point means the percentage moisture content (wet mass basis) at which
a flow state develops.
Q What is Flow state ?

Flow state means a state occurring when a mass of granular material is saturated with
liquid to an extent that, under the influence of prevailing external forces such as
vibration, impaction or ship's motion, it loses its internal shear strength and behaves as
a liquid.
Q What is liquefaction ?
Process whereby moisture in the cargo migrates to the surface due to compaction and
vibration resulting in the development of a flow state.
Q Types of cargo under IMSBC ? OR How do you categories solid bulk cargoes ?
Group A, B and C
Q What is Group A, B and C as per IMSBC ?

Group A consists of cargoes which may liquefy if shipped at a moisture content in
excess of their transportable moisture limit.
Group B consists of cargoes which possess a chemical hazard which could give rise
to a dangerous situation on a ship.
Group C consists of cargoes which are neither liable to liquefy nor to possess
chemical hazards
Q What is High density Solid bulk cargo ?

High-density solid bulk cargo means a solid bulk cargo with a stowage factor of 0.56
m3/t or less.
Q What is Stowage factor ?

Stowage factor is the number of cubic meters which one tonne of the material will
occupy.
Q From where will you get the stowage factor of a cargo ?

From Schedules of the cargo in Appendix 1 in IMSBC
Q What is TML ?
Transportable moisture limit (TML) of a cargo which may liquefy means the maximum
moisture content of the cargo which is considered safe for carriage in ships.
Q Define Moisture content.

Moisture content of a sample is the percentage weight of the water contained in the
weight of the sample.
Q What is Trimming ?
Trimming means any leveling of a cargo within a cargo space, either partial or total.
Q What are the advantages of trimming ?

1 Weight of cargo spreads evenly over tank top
2 Shifting of cargo is reduced
3 Less contact with air reducing spontaneous combustion.
Q What is CAN test ?

Complementary test procedure for determining the possibility of liquefaction.
Q How to carry out the CAN test ?

Half fill a cylindrical can or similar container (0.5 to 1 litre capacity) with a sample of
the material. Take the can in one hand and bring it down sharply to strike a hard
surface such as a solid table from a height of about 0.2 m. Repeat the procedure 25
times at one- or two-second intervals. Examine the surface for free moisture or fluid
conditions. If free moisture or a fluid condition appears, arrangements should be made
to have additional laboratory tests conducted on the material before it is accepted for
loading.
Q What all information do you get from the Appendix 1 - Individual schedules of the solid
bulk cargo.
Description
Characteristics Angle of Repose
Bulk Density
Stowage factor
Size
Class
Group
Subsidiary hazard(s)
MHB
Hazard
Stowage and segregation
Hold cleanliness
Weather precautions
Loading requirements
Ventilation requirements
Carriage requirements
Discharge requirements
Clean-up requirements
Emergency Procedures PPE to be carried
Emergency procedures
Emergency action in case of fire
Medical First Aid
Q How do you prepare your holds ?

Sweep the hatch covers, channels ,hatch coamings, ladders, hoppers and tank top
and collect it in drums.
Remove the bilge cover, burlap and strum box from bilges.
Apply chemicals if required
Wash the Hatch covers, channels, coamings, ladders, hoppers, bulkheads and tank
top with salt water.
Then rise with fresh water.
Then clean bilges and re-position strum box
Then ventilate to dry the cargo holds.
Then scrap off loose rust and paint flakes
If time permits apply paint on the exposed parts and allow for ventilation.
Try out fixed CO2 system, Bilge water ingress and hold water ingress alarms
Then carry out the hose test or ultrasonic test of the hatch covers
Try out the bilge suctions
Over the bilge cover with burlaps
Q Test procedures to determine TML of a cargo ?

As per IMSBC there are 3 tests to determine the TML of a cargo
1 Flow table test
2 Penetration test
3 Fagerberg test
Q What all cargoes did you carry ?

Fertilizer, Corn, Salt, Urea, Soya ,Sugar
Q What are the Hazards of Coal ?

1 Emission of Methane
2 Heat spontaneously
3 Deplete the oxygen concentration
4 Reaction with water may make acid which may corrode metal structures
5 Liquefaction.
Q Coal belong to which group ?

Group A and B both.
Q Is Coal a DG cargo ?
No, because the DG cargoes are those the ones covered by IMDG code but coal is
not there in Volume 2 part 3 of IMDG code.
It is covered by IMSBC code.
Q How will you ventilate the cargo hold while the coal is loaded ?
Start the surface ventilation first to dissipate the Methane at the surface When the
methane is in access of 20% LEL.
Q What is Pond coal ?

Coal that has been left in fresh water lake, it has high moisture content.
Q Precautions before/while loading/Discharging coal ?

Traces or previous cargo removed, bilges suctions, bilge alarms, CH water ingress
alarms tried out and bilges sealed with gunny sacks.
Latest certificate of the stock pile shall be checked.
Temperature of stock pile shall be taken and coal with temperature greater than 55℃
shall not be accepted.
Hold ventilation arrangement shall be adequate.
Cargo hold temperature pipes shall be clear.
“No smoking, naked lights” signs should be there in the vicinity of the holds.
No source of sparks such as re-rusting, smoking, hot work or naked lights on deck.
Sparks arresters are fitted over the funnel and galley exhaust.
Fire patrols must be maintained.
Electric cables near the cargo spaces shall be checked for insulation and cable
passages into the passages shall be sealed.
Cargo shall be trimmed to reduce the surface area which reduces the oxidation.
Q Safety measures while carrying coal ?

Carry out surface ventilation when methane greater than 20% LEL.
Monitor hold temperature at three levels daily.
Take bilges sounding and pump out water daily.
Keep deck cool by running deck water.
No oily waste, wood ropes shall be kept on deck where they can catch due to heating.
Keep the fire hoses and FFA in ready position.
In case of fire, close the vents and start boundary cooling, do not put water into the
coal as it make creates CO which is a flammable gas
Q Coal emits which gases ?

Methane
Q At what measurement of Methane will you ventilate the hold

20% LEL.
Q What are the indications that the coal is heating spontaneously ?

When CO reaches 50 PPM it is an indication that the coal is heating spontaneously.
Q Coal is heating spontaneously, action ?

Once the temperature of coal reaches 55℃and CO is 50 PPM it is a dangerous
situation.
Stop ventilation and seal all the openings.
Do NOT pour water into the holds
Run deck water and start bounding cooling.
Seek advise from the experts.
Proceed to nearest port of refuge.
Q What are concentrates ?

Concentrates means materials obtained from a natural ore by a process of enrichment
or beneficiation by physical or chemical separation and removal of unwanted
constituents.
Q Give some examples of concentrates ?

Copper concentrates, Zinc Concentrates, Iron Ore, lead, Manganese, Nickle
Q What are the hazards of the concentrates ?

High Density
Dry shift(Below TML)
Wet shift (Above TML)
Spontaneous combustion.
Q Precautions while loading Concentrates ?
Carry cargo only when the it is under the TML.
No cargo work during rain.
Trim to reduce the surface area to reduce oxidation
Shipper must produce a certificate indicating the TML, MC, angle of repose etc.
In case of stock pile is open in the rain test samples must be taken prior to loading.
Q Hazards of Iron Ore and how to prevent them ?
Q Properties of Iron Ore.
Q Properties of Sulphur ?
Yellow in color
Toxic in nature
Does not heat spontaneously
Fuses readily when heated
Q What is the hazards of Sulphur ?

Toxic in nature
Dust explosion
Fuses when heated slightly
Emits Sulphur Dioxide
Reacts with salt water to make acid which corrodes.
Does not heat spontaneously
Q Why after discharging a hold having Sulphur dust should be hosed down before
sweeping ?
Because Sulphur dust is explosive in nature, sweeping can create sparks and make
Sulphur dust explode, so to reduce the friction it should be hosed down with FW.
Q How will you prepare your hold for loading Rice ?

Holds should be cleaned thoroughly
Holds should be well dried
Holds shall be ventilated to get rid of any dampness
If there is time permits holds shall be dusted with sawdust and thoroughly sweeped
with hard brooms.
Bilges shall be cleaned and secured with the gunny sack.
Q Why rice requires elaborate ventilation and drainage system ?

Rice gives off Carbonic acid fumes
Rice gives off its moisture content which leads to sweat.
Rice is liable to heat.
Q What is the percentage ratio loss of weight of rice ?

5% due to moisture content being given out.
Q How would you prepare your hold for loading rice in short notice ?
Sprinkle the holds with sawdust and sweep down thoroughly with hard brooms.
Q How will you prepare the dunnage in the cargo hold for rice cargo ?
Double Dunnage is laid on the tank top consisting of 8CM square wooden battens laid
athwartship and 2.5x15cm apart and top one 10 cm apart.
Q Why rice bags are filled with the mixture of clean rice and paddy ?
To prevent formation of aggregate which prevents ventilation.
Q High density cargoes loading precautions
Q Precaution before/while/after loading sulphur ?

Traces or previous cargo removed, bilges suctions, bilge alarms, CH water ingress
alarms tried out and bilges sealed with gunny sacks.
Holds must be coated with Lime
Latest certificate of the stock pile shall be checked.
“No smoking, naked lights” signs should be there in the vicinity of the holds.
Sparks arresters are fitted over the funnel and galley exhaust.
Fire patrols must be maintained.
Electric cables near the cargo spaces shall be checked for insulation and cable
passages into the passages shall be sealed.
No oily waste, wood etc near the cargo holds that can catch fire.
In case of sulphur fire fine spray with fresh water or just douse the fire by shoveling
more sulphur onto it.
Q Can you load cotton in freshly painted holds ?

No, paint fumes along with the cotton is a fire hazard.
Q Hazards of Cotton ?
Fire
Self Heating
Contamination
Q Precautions while loading Cotton ?

Hold must be perfectly dry, well aired, free of oil or grease
Cotton must not be stowed in freshly painted holds.
All bales should be grease/oil free
Dunnage should be free of oil
Fire precautions, Rest same as all cargo
Q How will you prepare your holds to load paper Pulp ?
Q What is ventilation, and how many types of ventilation are there ?

Natural ventilation – Surface ventilation and Thorough ventilation
Forced ventilation – utilizing blowers.
Q Why ventilation is carried out ?

To prevent formation of sweat
Remove taint and smells of previous cargoes
Prevent build up of dangerous gases
Removal of heat
Q What are the hazards of Urea ?

No special hazard
Hygroscopic in nature
Retains water and cakes
Damage paintwork and corrode
Non combustible and low fire risk.
Q What is the chemical formula of fertilizers ?
Ammonium nitrate
Q What are the hazards of the fertilizers ?

Self sustained decomposition if heated
Temperature of this decomposition can reach 500.
Decomposition may spread throughout the hold.
Produces toxic gases
Irritant to skin
Hygroscopic, cakes when wet.
Q What are the hazards of Sugar ?

Ingress of water can cause sugar to dissolve thus creating pockets for cargo to shift
Fermentation of sugar can release alcoholic vapors which are flammable in nature.
Q Precautions you will take while loading sugar ?

Cargo must not be wetted by saltwater
Cargo must be loaded all over the hold evenly.
Holds must be watertight
Must be surface ventilated to get rid of the alcoholic vapors.
Q How will you prepare your vessel for loading Cement after loading Dates ?
Cargo to be made free of any residual cargo of dates.
Holds must be very well ventilated to get ride of fumes of previous cargo.
Q Hazards of Salt ?
Dissolves readily in water.
Due to dissolution formation of wet base and shifting.
Q How will you load Salt ?

Hold should be cleaned dried and free of traces of previous cargoes
Holds shall be lime washed or coated with the paint to prevent corrosion.
Salt shall be evenly spread and trimmed.
Q How would you load rubber ?

Rubber is readily damaged by heat
Ventilation shall be carried out to get rid of the heat.
Rubber should be separated from oily cargoes.
Rubber should not be stowed on uneven surfaces
Talc should be spread on surfaces to prevent rubber sticking on it.
Rubber should be separated by ladders sounding pipes etc
Q Difference between IMSBC and IMDG ?
Q The load density of my tank top is 20T, how to load 25T on it ?
Q Rubber and Steel, whose SF is more ?

Rubber
BLU CODE
Q What are the contents of the BLU code ?
Section 1 Definitions
Section 2 Suitability of ships and terminals
Section 3 Procedures between ship and shore prior to the ship's arrival
Section 4 Procedures between the ship and terminal prior to cargo handling
Section 5 Cargo loading and handling of ballast
Section 6 Unloading cargo and handling of ballast
Appendix 1 Recommended contents of port and terminal information books
Appendix 2 Loading or unloading plan
Ship/shore safety checklist for loading or unloading dry bulk cargo
Appendix 3
carriers
Appendix 4 Guidelines for completing the ship/ shore safety checklist
Appendix 5 Form for cargo information
Q What is the AIM of the BLU code ?

The purpose of the Code of Practice for the Safe Loading and Unloading of Bulk
Carriers is to assist persons responsible for the safe loading or unloading of bulk
carriers to carry out their functions and to promote the safety of bulk carriers.
The Code primarily covers the safety of ships loading and unloading solid bulk
cargoes, and reflects current issues, best practices and legislative requirements.
Q What information should be provided by the vessel to the terminal prior to arrival ?
At the time of initial ETA advice, the ship should also provide details of the following:
.2.1 name, call sign, IMO Number of the ship, its flag State and port of registry;
.2.2 A loading plan stating the quantity of cargo required, stowage by hatches, loading
order and the quantity to be loaded in each pour, provided the ship has sufficient
information to be able to prepare such a plan;
.2.3 arrival and proposed departure draughts;
.2.4 time required for deballasting;
.2.5 the ship's length overall, beam, and length of the cargo area from the forward
coaming of the forward most hatch to the after coaming of the aft most hatch into
which cargo is to be loaded or from which cargo is to be removed;
.2.6 distance from the waterline to the first hatch to be loaded or unloaded and the
distance fro m the ship's side to the hatch opening;
.2.7 the location of the ship's accommodation ladder;
.2.8 air draught;
.2.9 details and capacities of ship' s cargo handling gear;
Q What is an enclosed space ?

Limited openings and access
Unfavorable natural ventilation
Not designed for continuous worker occupancy
Includes but not limited to Cargo spaces, double bottoms,fuel tanks, ballast tanks,
pump rooms, compressor rooms, cofferdams, void spaces, duct keels, engine
crankcases, sewage tanks.
Q Who is a competent person in enclosed space entry ?

Competent person means a person with sufficient theoretical knowledge and
practical experience to make an informed assessment of the likelihood of a dangerous
atmosphere being present or subsequently arising in the space.
Q Who is the Responsible person in enclosed space entry ?

Responsible person means a person authorized to permit entry into an enclosed
space and having sufficient knowledge of the procedures to be followed.
Q Where do you find the procedure for enclosed space entries ?

SMS
Ship’s permit to work
Maritime safety card
Code of safe working practices.
Q Checks prior to enclosed space entry

Isolation - in Ballast tank turn off the pumps in void spaces turn off the bunker tanker
heating etc
Ventilation -Carry out ventilation and it shall continue for the duration of the entry
Gases – before checking gases turn off the ventilation and o2 shall be 21% and h2s,
Ch, CO shall be zero, I don’t care about the TLV.
Illumination – If the fixed lighting system is not there then a portable light is carried
with a backup light.
Communication – radio communication shall be well estaiblished
Validity – 8 hours
Q What all information is there in the Pre-Arrival Checklist ?
Q What all is there in Ship Shore Safety checklist for bulk carrier?
GRAIN CODE
Q What is Grain Code ?
International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk
Q When was grain code adopted and brought into force ?
Q Latest amendments of Grain Code
Q Latest Edition of Grain Code
Q Contents of Grain code ?

Annex - International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk
Part A – Specific Requirements
Part B – Calculation of assumed heeling moments and general assumptions.
Appendix
Q To what all vessels this Code applied to ?

This code applies to ships regardless of size, including those of less than 500 GRT
engaged in carriage of grain in bulk.
Q Define Grain ?
The term grain includes wheat, maize (corn), oats, rye, barley, rice, pulses, seeds and
processed forms thereof whose behaviour is similar to that of grain in its natural state.
Q What does Filled compartment, trimmed means ?

Any cargo space in which after loading and trimming, the grain is at its highest
possible level.
Q What does Filled compartment, untrimmed means ?

Means a cargo space filled to the maximum extent possible in the way of the hatch
opening but which has not been trimmed outside the periphery of the hatch opening.
Q What does Partly Filled compartment means ?

Cargo space wherein the bulk grain is not loaded to the max level possible.
Q What is angle of flooding ?

The angle of heel at which openings in the hull, superstructure or deckhouse, which
cannot be watertight, immerse.
Q What is specially suitable compartment for loading grain cargoes ?

A cargo space which is constructed with at least two vertical or sloping, longitudinal,
grain tight divisions which are coincident with the hatch side girders or are so
positioned as to limit the effect of any transverse shift of grain.
If sloping the divisions shall have an inclination of not less than 30 degrees to the
horizontal.
Q What is the angle of repose of Grain cargoes ?

Bulk grain has a low angle of repose (about 20°).
Q How much does bulk grain cargoes settle down due to vibrations of ship ?
by about 2% of its volume
Q What are the hazards of carrying Grains ? How do you prevent those hazards ?
Low angle of repose
Shifting and settling
Self heating
Depletes oxygen.
Germination
Rotting
Expansion
1 Due to vibrations of ship grain settle down even in filled, trimmed by 2% creating
ample space for grains to shift.
2 Since angle of repose is low, so if ship rolls greater than that angle the grain will shift.
Q What all vessels can carry grains ?

Vessel with Self trimming holds can carry grains.
Q What are self trimming cargo holds ?

Cargo holds having Upper and lower hoppers
A slope of hopper tank more than angle of repose would make a hold self trimming. An
angle of more than 30 degrees to horizontal is advised in grain code.
Q Draw the cross section of a vessel having self trimming holds.
Q What is Document of Authorisation (DOA) ?

A DOA shall be issued for every ship loaded in accordance with the regulations of
grain code either by the administration.
It shall be accepted as evidence that the ship is capable of complying with the
requirements of these regulation.
Q Documents required to carry Grains ?

DOA
Grain Code
Grain loading manual.
Grain loading plan
Q Can you load Grain cargo without DOA ?

Yes
Q If you can load Grain without DOA, how ?

As per SOLAS Chapter VI, Regulation 9 Para 2, A ship without such a document shall
not load grain until the master satisfies the Administration, or the Contracting
Government of the port of loading on behalf of the Administration, that the ship will
comply with the requirements of the International Grain Code in its proposed loaded
condition.(After this they might cross question saying, “so what are those
requirements” )
Q What are the requirements for vessel to load grain without the DOA ?
1 The total weight of the bulk grain shall not exceed 1/3 of the deadweight of the ship.
All filled compartments, trimmed shall be fitted with a centerline division extending for
the full length of such compartments, downwards from the underside of the deck or
2
hatch covers to a distance below the deck line of atleast 1/8 of hold breath or 2.4m
whichever is greater.
Instead of Centerline division saucers can be used if loading linseeds or similar
3
cargoes.
All hatches to filled compartments, trimmed shall be closed and covered secured in
4
place
All free grain surface in partly filled cargo space shall be trimmed level and either
5
overstowed, strapped or secured with wire mesh.
6 The GM > 0.3m
Q What are the statical stability requirements for loading grain ?

1 The angle of heel due to the assumed shift of grain shall be not greater than 12°.
In the statical stability diagram, the net or residual area between the heeling arm curve
and the righting arm curve upto the angle of heel of maximum difference between the
2
ordinates of the two curves, or 40° or the angle of flooding (B-f), whichever is the least,
shall in all conditions of loading be not less than 0.075 meter radians.
3 The initial fluid GM shall not be less than 0.30 meter.
4 Vessel will comply at all stages of voyage the requirement of statical stability for grain.
5 After loading, the master shall ensure that the ship is upright before proceeding to sea.
Q Draw the statical stability curve diagram for grains
Q What are the contents of the grain loading booklet ?

1 Ship particulars
2 Light ship displacement and KGs
3 Table of liquid free surface corrections
4 Capacities and center of gravity.
Curve or table of angle of flooding, where less than 40 degree, at all permissible
5
displacements.
Curves or tables of hydrostatic properties suitable for the range of operating draughts
6
and
7 Cross curves of stability which are sufficient for the purpose of the requirements and
which include at 12 degrees and 40 degrees.
Q What are the methods to secure grains ?

In filled compartment
Longitudinal Division
saucering
Bundling
In partly filled compartment

Longitudinal division
Overstowing
Strapping or lashing
Securing with wire.
Q What is longitudinal division ?

Method to secure a filled or partly filled bulk grain cargo using a grain tight longitudinal
separation.
In a filled compartment height of the board shall be 1/8B below the deck line or 0.6m
below the grain surface
In partly filled compartment both above and below 1/8 of hold breath.
Q What is Saucering ?
It is a method to secure the filled bulk grain cargo to reduce the heeling moment
instead of longitudinal division.
Saucering shall not be used for cargoes like linseeds.
The top of the saucer formed by the underdeck structure in the way of hatchway, The
saucer and the hatchway above shall be completely filled with bagged grain.
The saucer shall be fixed in position by steel wire rope, chain etc.
Depth of the saucer shall be
For ship moulded breath > 9.1m 1.2m
Moulded breadth between 9.1 m and 18.3 m , the minimum depth of saucer shall be
calculated by Interpolation.
Q What is bundling ?
It is a method to secure a partly filled trimmed bulk grain cargo hold.
Depth of the saucer shall be
Moulded breadth between 9.1 m and 18.3 m , the minimum depth of saucer shall be
calculated by Interpolation.
The saucer is lined with a material
Dunnage not less than 25 mm in thickness or other suitable material of equal strength
and between 150 mm and 300 mm in width shall be placed fore and aft over these
lashing to prevent the cutting or chaffing of the material which shall be placed there on
to line the saucer.
The Saucer shall be filled with bulk grain and secured at the top.
Q What is Over-Stowing ?
Where bagged grains or other suitable cargo is used for the purpose of securing partly
filled compartments, the free grain surface shall be level and shall be covered with a
separation cloth.
The separation cloth shall be topped off with bagged grain tightly stowed and
extending to a height of not less than one sixteenth of the maximum breadth of the
free grain surface or 1.2m whichever is greater.
Q What is Strapping or lashing ?
In order to eliminate heeling moments in partly filled compartment, strapping or lashing
is utilized
The grain shall be trimmed and leveled to the extent that it is very slightly crowned and
covered with burlap separation cloths, tarpaulins or the equivalent.
Two Solid floors of rough 25mm x 150mm to 300 mm lumber shall be laid with the top
floor running longitudinally and nailed to an athwart ships bottom floor.
Steel wire rope or chain of equivalent strength, each of which shall be set tightly by
means of a turnbuckle, may be used for lashing.
The lashing shall be positively attached to the framing.
Q How to secure the grain cargo using wire Mesh ?

In order to eliminate heeling moments in partly filled compartment as follows -
1 The grain shall be trimmed and leveled to the extent that it is very slightly crowned
along the fore and aft centerline of the compartment.
2 The entire surface of the grain shall be covered with burlap separation cloths,
tarpaulins etc
3 Two layers of wire mesh shall be laid on top of the burlap, the bottom layer is laid
athwartship and top longitudinal
4 The boundaries of the wire mesh at the port and starboard side of the compartment
shall be retained by wood planks 150mm X 50mm.
5 Hold down lashings of steel wire rope with winch tightener , running from side to side
across the compartment shall be placed
Q What is Dry and wet shift ?
Q What would you do if the grain shifts even after taking all the precautions ?
Do not attempt to get into the hold and stow back the grain manually
Proceed the nearest port of refuge.
Contact Lloyd SERS who can help in temporary restoring stability.
BULK CARRIERS
Q Hazards of bulk cargo ?
Structural
Stability
Chemical
Q What is Bale capacity ?

Volume of the cargo hold occupied by the cargo when loaded in bales.
It is the total volume of the cargo hold minus the volume of the cargo hold occupied by
deck beams, bulkhead stiffeners, spar ceiling etc.
In calculating the bale capacity the
Breadth is taken from the inside the cargo battens,
Depth is taken from the top of the wood sheathing on the tank top to the under side of
the deck beam,
Length is taken from inside of the bulkhead stiffeners
Q What is Grain capacity ?

Grain capacity is the volume of the cargo hold when the cargo is loaded in bulk.
It is the total volume of the hold including the volume of the cargo hold occupied by
deck beams, bulkhead stiffeners, spar ceiling etc.
In calculating the grain capacity Length, Breath and width is taken right from the
plating.
Q What is Cargo Manifest ? What is DG manifest ?

It is a document used for the custom purposes, it lists all the cargoes that a vessel
carries, it comes onboard after the cargo has been loaded,
I can also be used to tally the carry and check for potential over-carriage.
DG manifest is the cargo manifest for the dangerous cargoes.
Q What is Dead weight cargo ?

Cargo in which the freight is charged on its weight.
Q What is measurement cargo ?

Cargo in which the freight is charged on the volume occupied by the cargo.
Q What is the purpose of ventilating a hold ?

1 To dissipate heat
2 Dissipate gases
3 Prevent condensation
4 Remove taint.
Q What is Cargo Sweat ?

When the temperature of the air in hold is lower than the dew point temperature of the
air in the environment after ventilation the temperature of the incoming air decreases
thus its water holding capacity decreases and it gives off it water content which settles
onto the cargo and this is called cargo sweat.
The cargo sweat is not desirable as the water can damage cargo.
Q What is Ship’s Sweat ?

When the air in the cargo hold comes in contact with the colder parts of the hold
whose temperature is lower than the dew point temperature of the air in the hold, it will
give off its water content and this water content is called ship’s sweat.
Q How will you prevent the formation of the sweat in the hold ?
Ventilate the hold only when the dew point temperature of the air outside the hold is
greater then the temperature of the air inside the hold.
Q What is 3 degree rule ?

When ventilating the hold the temp of the hold must be atleast 3 degree more than the
dew point temperature of the air outside.
Q How will you determine the dew point temperature of the air outside the hold ?
By using whirling pscychrometer
Or by using wet or dry bulk thermometers.
Find the difference of dry and wet bulb temperatures
See the dew point chart for the dry temperature and the difference to get the dew
point.
Q How would you carry out the surface and through ventilation of the cargo hold ?
Surface ventilation
Leeward vent away from apparent wind
Windward vent into the apparent wind direction.
Through ventilation
Leeward vent into the apparent wind direction
Windward vent away from the apparent wind direction.
Q What precautions you will take while loading bulk carriers ?

Inspect suitability of holds prior to loading
Ensure that the bilge well alarms, strainer plate, sounding pipes, bilge suction etc are
tested
Protect deck machinery against dust
Put the air conditioning in internal circulation.
While loading high density cargoes initial cargo should be dropped from a height on
the tank top.
Q How does the bilge system of a cargo hold works ?

Water from fire pump runs through an eductor.
The suction of the eductor is connected to the lineup of bilge suction.
We open only one bilge suction at a time for better suction.
Q How do you try out bilges prior to loading ?
Q What is the Load density ?

Load density of a tank top or hatch cover or tween deck is a weight of the cargo that
can be loaded per unit area of the tank top or hatch cover or tween deck.
Q Checks you will make in hold before loading cargoes ?

Holds shall be
1 Free of traces of previous cargo
2 Shall be dry
3 Free of any taint
4 Free of loose rust and paint flakes
5 Free of oil, grease, rags or any other debris
Bilges shall be clean, have strum box and covered by burlap.
Hold Water ingress alarms tried out
Bilges tried out
Hatch covers shall be weather tight
Hatch drain plug are in good condition.
Gas sampling point, and temperature port is in good condition.
Q What is Strum Box ?

It is a mesh enclosure that sits on the mouth of the bilge suction in bilges of a cargo
hold.
Q What is the purpose of the strum box ?

It prevents the solid particles of cargo from entering the bilge system and getting
discharged overboard.
Q Regulations which govern the Discharge of bulk cargoes in to the sea ?
Q Discharge criteria for discharge of bulk cargoes and hold wash water ?
Q How will you prevent ship sweat/Cargo sweat ?

Through ventilation.
Q What all alarms are there in a cargo hold in a a bulk carriers ?

1 In cargo hold two water level detectors at the aft end of the hold with visual and
audible alarms, one at 0.5m and another 15% of depth of the cargo hold but not more
than 2m.
If hold’s bilges has water ingress alarm system then only the latter alarm.
2 In FPK tank, alarm at sounding of 10% of the tank capacity and overriding when
ballasting it.
3 In any dry or void space other than a chain cable locker, any part of which extends
forward of the foremost cargo hold, giving an audible and visual alarm at a water level
of 0.1 m above the deck.
Q What is the function of a Non return valve on the hatch cover of a cargo hold ?
Allows the
Q What all codes will you carry on a bulk carrier ?

IMSBC code, Timber code, IMDG code, Grain Code, CSS code.
Q List the Statutory documents to carry bulk cargo.

DOA – to carry grain
IMDG DOC – To carry DG cargo.
Q How will you take over a cargo watch on a bulk carrier ?
Q How will you take over a watch while loading Concentrates ?
Q Can Solid bulk cargoes be carried as per IMDG ?

Not all solid bulk cargoes be carried as per IMDG,
Only DG cargoes listed in IMDG in packaged or in bulk carried as per IMDG.
For Non DG cargo we use IMSBC.
Q How you will load wood chip ?
Q How will you load wood pulp ?

Normal bulk carrier hold cleaning nothing special.
Q Difference between wood chip carriers and normal bulk carriers ?

The cargo hold space is extended sideways as far as possible to maximize the
capacity, and the ballast space is arranged only on the bottom of the hull. The ship is
equipped for cargo handling with belt conveyors and cranes having grab buckets.
Q Is it compulsory to trim the hold ? Then how would you trim under the deck beam ?
Yes, it is compulsory, or else cargo will have space to shift,
We don’t need to trim under the deck beams, modern bulk carriers have something
called self trimming holds
Q How will you do a spot test of cargo ?
Q How do you calculate the cargo loaded in your watch ?
Q How to carry out the draft survey ?

Stop the cargo operation, Ballasting-Deballasting operation, stop any kind of crane
movements
Make sure that mooring ropes are taut.
Note the drafts all around the vessel
Note the List and trim of the vessel.
Note the soundings of ballast tanks and calculate the weight of the ballast water.
Get the bunker figure and FW from the engine room.
Q From where do you get the load density of your cargo holds ?
Stability booklet or from capacity plan or load density plan.
Q You are loading cargo of TML 25% but you observe the moisture content is 35%
Stop the cargo
Inform Master
Ask the foreman to get the heap tested again and produce the latest certificate.
Q Hold carrying coal has caught fire, Action ?
Q Your CO2 line is choked, How will you clear it ?

I will blow deck air through it.
Q Can you load Timber on bulk carrier ? If yes then as per what ?
Yes, as per Timber Code.
Q What is Chapter 12 of SOLAS ?

Chapter XII: Additional safety measures for bulk carriers
Q What all is there in the Chapter 12 of SOLAS ?

There are 14 regulations in chapter 12 of SOLAS
1 Definitions
2 Application
3 Implementation schedule
4 Damage stability applicable to bulk carrier
5 Structural strength of bulk carriers
6 Structural and other requirements for bulk carriers
7 Survey and maintenance of bulk carriers
8 Information on compliance with requirements for bulk carriers
9 Requirements for bulk carriers not being capable of complying with reg 4.3 due to
design configuration and their cargo holds
10 Solid bulk cargo density declaration.
11 Loading instrument
12 Hold, Ballast and dry space water ingress alarms
13 Availability of pumping systems
14 Restrictions from sailing with any holds empty.
Q How will you check the weather tight integrity of a hatch cover ?
Chalk test
Ultra sonic test
Water Hose test
Q Fire in cargo hold in mid sea, Action ? (Wants to hear send distress )
Q When is freight charged on volume and when on weight ?

If SF < 1.2 then weight
If SF > 1.2 then volume
Q You join a vessel and see a △ (Triangle) on the side shell near the deck line what does
that mean ?
It would mean that the vessel can’t carry cargo with density more than 1780 kg/cu.m
CARGO SECURING MANUAL

Q What is Cargo Securing Manual ?
This Manual is required on all types of ships engaged in the carriage of all cargoes
other than solid and liquid cargoes.
Ships carrying cargo units and other entities
Ship carrying vehicles
Road carrying vehicles
Road vehicles on RO-RO ships
Cargo in Freig container
Q What kind of vessels are required to carry cargo securing manual ?

Vessel engaged in carriage of all cargoes other than Liquid or solids in bulk.
Q What are the contents of Cargo securing manual ?

Chapter 1 General Definition and General information
Chapter 2 Securing device and arrangements
2.1 Specification for fixed cargo securing device
2.2 Specification for portable cargo securing device
2.3 Inspection and maintenance scheme
Chapter 3 Stowage and securing of Non-standardized, Semi-standardized cargo
Chapter 4 Stowage and securing of containers and other standardized cargo
Q What all information do you get from the Cargo securing manual ?
Details of fixed securing arrangement and their location eg eye pad, eye bolt etc
Location and stowage of portable securing gear
Details of portable securing gear including an inventory of item provided and their
strengths.
Examples of correct application of portable securing gear on various cargo units,
vehicles and other entities carried on the ship.
Indication of the variation of transverse, longitudinal and vertical acceleration to be
expected in various positions onboard the ship.
Q What all lashing materials are used on feeder vessels ?
Q You vessel does not have a cargo securing manual so how will load the cargo ?
I will refer to CSS – Code of safe practices of cargo stowage and securing.
Q What is CSS ?
Code of safe practices for cargo stowage and securing
This code applied to cargoes carried onboard other than solids and liquids bulk
cargoes and timber stowed on deck and in particular to those cargoes whose stowage
and securing have proved in practice to create difficulties.
Q What is the AIM of the CSS ?

To provide international standards to promote the safe stowage and securing of
cargoes.
Q What are the contents of CSS ?

Chapter 01 General
Chapter 02 Principles of safe stowage and securing of cargoes
Chapter 03 Standardized stowage and securing systems
Chapter 04 Semi-standardized stowage and securing
Chapter 05 Non- standardized stowage and securing
Chapter 06 Actions which may be taken in heavy weather
Chapter 07 Actions which may be taken once the cargo has shifted
Safe stowage and securing of containers on deck of ships which are
Annex 01 not specially designed and fitted for the purpose of carrying
containers
Annex 02 Safe stowage and securing of portable tanks
Annex 03 Safe stowage of securing of portable receptacles
Annex 04 Safe stowage and securing of wheel based cargoes
Safe stowage and securing of heavy cargo items such as
Annex 05
locomotives, transformers etc
Annex 06 Safe stowage and securing of coiled sheet steel
Annex 07 Safe stowage and securing of heavy metal products
Annex 08 Safe stowage and securing of anchor chains
Annex 09 Safe stowage and securing of metal scrap in bulk
Annex 10 Safe stowage and securing of flexible intermediate bulk containers
Annex 11 General guidelines for the under-deck stowage of logs
Annex 12 Safe stowage and securing of unit loads
Methods to access the efficiency of securing arrangements for non-
Annex 13
standardized cargo
GENERAL CARGO VESSEL
Q What is SWL ?
SWL is the max weight that an object can bear safely in a normal say to day work.
Q What is breaking stress ?

It is the stress at which the component will fracture.
Q How you will condemn a wire rope ?

Wire ropes are inspected once every 3 months,
If more than 10% of the wire in a length of 8X the dia is broken then condemn.
Q What checks will you carry out for new wires, blocks, shackles ?
First check their certificates
Wire ropes –
Check dia with vernier,
SWL in certificate,
and that the certificate is issued by a competent authority.
Blocks -
Check sheaves are free to rotate.
SWL in certificate,
Visual check
Shackles -
SWL in certificate,
Visual check
Q What is proof load ?

While testing an object we apply a load more than its SWL, that load is called Proof
load.
Q What is the formula to calculate the Proof load ?
Q For a derrick if SWL = 10T then what is the proof load ?

12.5 T
Q If SWL of a derrick = 20T, its proof load ?

25 T
Q What is a Derrick ?
Derrick is the assembly of a boom mounted on a post with a swivel controlled by
tackles and winches.
Q Difference between a crane and derrick.
Q Advantages of Crane over derrick

Cranes have better visibility than derricks
Cranes are one man operation.
We can set limits which makes the operation safe.
If power is cut and the hydraulic motor shuts down then the load is still suspended in
air and there are provisions to bring the load down safely.
Automatic cut-outs can be electronically set to prevent weights more than SWL to be
lifted.
Q Draw the diagram of a derrick.
Q What is the advantage of a Derrick ?
Q Types of derrick ?
Simple Derrick - 2-20 tonnes SWL
Jumbo Derrick – 50 tones SWL
Stuelcken Derrick – 500 tonnes SWL
Q What are the tests of a derrick ?

There are two types of test for a derrick Static Test and Dynamic Test
Static Test – Hook up the derrick to a strong point and a spring balance on deck and
apply the proof load and then visually inspect the derrick.
Dynamic Test – Hook up a variable weight to the derrick and then increase the weight
until a proof is achieved and then visually check the Derrick for deformity.
Q What is Union purchase ?

It is a combination of two derricks such that one derrick is plumbed over the hatch and
the other towards the shore side and they have been coupled by a single union hook.
It is used because a single derrick is very tedious.
Q Draw the diagram of the Union purchase.
Q How SWL of a union purchase is calculated ?

It is 1/3rd of the least SWL derrick used.
Q What is the operating angle of derrick in union purchase ?

Should not be less than 30 degrees to the horizontal.
Under no circumstances less than 15 degrees
Q What is the maximum angle between the cargoes wires in union purchase ? Why ?
Max 120 degrees
To minimize the force in the rig.
Q Precautions while using a union purchase ?

SWL must not be exceeded
Operating angle between the derrick must never be less than 30 degrees
Maximum angles between the cargo wires must not be greater than 120 degrees.
Long slings must not be used.
Load must not be lifted above the safe limit.
Runners should not rub against hatch covers.
An experienced winchmen must be used.
Q What is monkey plate ?

A plate in Union purchase where tow running wire meets the union hook.
Q How will you rig a purchase to advantage and disadvantage ?

Advantage – When the load moves in the same direction as the effort
Disadvantage – When the load moves in opposite direction to the effort.
Q What is Mechanical advantage ?

Ratio of load and effort.
Q What is velocity ratio ?

Ratio of velocity of effort to the velocity of load
Q What is Broken stowage ?

A broken stowage is the space between the packages which remains unfilled.
Q Why we add the broken stowage to the stowage factor ?

To get the realistic space which the cargo occupies.
Q Checks you will do before using crane ?
Q From where you will find the SWL of the crane ?

From general arrangement.
Q Precautions taken to load the heavy lift ?

All gear used must be carefully visually examined.
Wires, blocks must be checked for defects
Sheaved and swivels must be checked for free rotation.
All gear involved must have adequate SWL.
Allowances must be made for the load+weight of the purchase.
Avoid shocks due to load slipping or sudden starts.
Vessel must have adequate GM before lifting.
Vessel must be initial upright, mooring ropes must be taut, gangway cleared of jetty.
Preventer stays must be rigged onto the mast.
Winches must be in double gear.
Steadying lines must be rigged at the center of the load.
Rail guards must be removed.
Load not to be concentrated at one place but spread on a large area using dunnage
Load density of the deck must not be exceeded.
Deck cargo must not extend beyond the ship side.
Q Breaking strength of 6*24 Wire rope ? What does 3 and 24 stands for ?
Q What is the use of dunnage ?

Distribute the load
Absorb the impact of vibrations
Keep the cargo away form the ship’s plating from cargo and ship sweat.
Protects against soiling and contamination.
Physically separate the cargo.
Q What is Dunnage ?
Dunnage is material used to protect the cargo from moisture, contamination and
mechanical damage eg Plank, Canvas, Plastic etc.
Q how will you put dunnage on the cargo holds ?

On the tank top dunnage should be double layer and spaced approximately 1 m apart.
Dunnage must be consisting of wooden beam 50mm X 50mm or broader.
Q Why will you put the lower dunnage athwartship ?

Because if lower dunnage is
Q List the various types of dunnage

There are 4 types of dunnage
Floor Dunnage
Lateral Dunnage
Inter-layer Dunnage
Top Dunnage
Q How you will lay the dunnage on deck ?
Q For loading Rice how will you lay down the dunnage ?
Lay down dunnage in double layers, bottom layer fore and aft so that the water can
drain, and 2nd layer athwartship 25-30cm away.
Also lay dunnage on shipside running up and down to keep the rice away from the
ship side.
Lay bamboo mat or craft paper on top of the dunnage
Then load of bales in hold on the top of one another
Bales shall be loaded in bales in columns with atleast 20cm spaces all around the bale
columns to allow for ventilation
Every 5th tier of the bales shall be a locking bale to prevent the shifting of bale into the
20cm ventilation column.
Every 10th tier the bottom dunnage shall be duplicated.
Lay top of the cargo shall be covered by craft paper.
Q What are the hazards of Steel coils ?

If they shift they can damage other coils and even rupture ship sides.
Q How will you load and secure Steel coils ?

Coils should be given bottom stow and, whenever possible, be stowed in regular tiers
from side to side of the ship.
Coils should be stowed on dunnage laid athwartship. Coils should be stowed with their
axes in the fore-and-aft direction. Each coil should be stowed against its neighbor.
Wedges should be used as stoppers when necessary during loading and discharging
to prevent shifting
The final coil in each row should normally rest on the two adjacent coils. The mass of
this coil will lock the other coils in the row.
If it is necessary to load a second tier over the first, then the coils should be stowed in
between the coils of the first tier.
Any void space between coils in the topmost tier should be adequately secured.
Q How will you lash steel coils ?

Steel coils are loaded side plate to side plate
Wedges are placed under the coils in the lower tier to arrest the sideways movement.
Last coil of a tier is used as a locking coil, the weight of the locking coil itself is
sufficient to counter the sideways movement of a coils to an extent.
Empty space in between the neighboring coils or the coils and bulkheads shall be
chocked with dunnage.
The objective of securing is to form one large, immovable block of coils in the hold by
lashing them together.
To prevent movement sideways we use either group Lashing or Olympic lashing.
To prevent fore and aft movement we secure only the end row of the top tier coils by
lashing them with wires running athwartship securing to the bulkheads side to side.
Lashing shall be check and tightened during the voyage.
Q How will you load Steel pipes ?
Dunnage laid athwartship on deck and up and down on the sides.
Pipes stored with the axis longitudinally.
Stowed shall be from side bulkhead to side bulkhead.
Q Advantages and disadvantages of palletisation ?

Advantages
It eliminates the cost of heavy packing
Reduces handling and thereby labors required
Increases the speed of loading and discharging
Reduces the amount of dunnage required
Permits cargo to be stored compactily and tidly therby reducing broken stowage
Facilitates tallying of cargo.
Disadvantages
Loss of space of the hold is not square
Loss of space below bulk head
Loss of space due to space occupied by the pallet
Extra cost of pallet.
Q Rice has more SF or steel coils?

Rice has more Stowage factor.
Q What is Snatch Block ?

A block which has a hinge on one of the face which can be opened outwards and a
rope can be put onto the sheave along the point in any length of the ship as oppose to
a normal block where rope can be put onto a sheave only through either ends.
Q What all cargoes are carried by the general cargo vessel ?
Q What is standardized semi standardized and non standardized cargo ?

“Standardized Cargo” means cargo for which the ship is provided with an approved
securing system based upon cargo units of specific types.
“Semi-standardized Cargo” means cargo for which the ship is provided with a
securing system capable of accommodating a limited variety of cargo units, such as
vehicles, trailers, etc.
“Non-standardized Cargo” means cargo which requires individual stowage and
securing arrangements.
Q Will you use an Equipment whose SWL has been exceeded ?
No
Q Where can you use an equipment whose SWL has been exceeded ?
The only time we can use an equipment whose SWL has been exceeded will be when
the equipment was being tested in factory and when the equipment is being used as a
ground tackle.
Q How many types of wires ropes are there ?
Q How will you carry out the maintenance of wire rope ?
Q How you will load DG in general cargo vessel ?
Q What is unitization ?
Consolidating several small packages of cargoes into one unit with bands or shrink
wrappers to form a one single unit with a base like a pallet to allow easy loading-
discharging and handling.
Q What is preslung cargo ?

The cargo is loaded in units with the lifting slings in place so that at the port of
discharge is only necessary to hook in the slings and lift off the cargo.
Q Can you load container on a general cargo vessel ?

Yes, If the GCV is provided with special gear for lashing and securing the containers
are available.
Q What precautions will you take while loading ballasting/deballasting ?

Should be carried out as per Mate’s instructions
Tanks must not be pressed up as it put stress on the tank top
Soundings/flowrates must be monitored continuously.
While deballasting overboard discharge must be sighted regularly for presence of oil or
effluents
A BWTS plant must be used and the TRO values must be as per the manufacture's
instructions.
TIMBER CODE
Q What is Timber code?
Code of safe practice for ships carrying timber deck cargoes
Brought in force in 1991
Q What is the AIM of Timber code

The purpose of the Code is to ensure that timber deck cargoes are loaded, stowed
and secured to prevent, as far as practicable, throughout the voyage, damage or
hazard to the ship and persons on board as well as loss of cargo overboard
The Code provides:
1 Practices for safe transportation;
2 Methodologies for safe stowage and securing;
3 Design principles for securing systems;
Guidance for developing procedures and instructions to be included in ships' cargo
4
securing manuals on safe stowage and securing; and
5 Sample checklists for safe stowage and securing.
Q To what vessel Timber code applies to ?

The provisions of this Code apply to all ships of 24 meters or more in length, carrying a
timber deck cargo.
Q What are the contents of Timber Deck Cargoes ?

1 General
2 Stability
3 Stowage
4 Securing
5 Personal Protection and safety devices
6 Action to be taken during voyage.
Q What is Timber ?
Timber is used as a collective expression used for all types of wooden material
covered by this Code, including both round and sawn wood but excluding wood pulp
and similar cargo.
Q What is Timber load line ?
Q Draw Timber load lines.
Q Why ships can carry more when they load Timber ?

Because load lines are decided keeping reserve buoyancy as a safety factor but when
timber is loaded we have more reserve buoyancy because timber floats on water so it
adds its own buoyancy to the reserve buoyancy.
Q How will you prepare your vessel for loading Timber ?

hatch covers and other openings to spaces below that area should be securely closed
and battened down;
air pipes and ventilators should be effectively protected and check-valves or similar
devices should be examined to ascertain their effectiveness against the entry of water;
objects which might obstruct cargo stowage on deck should be removed and safely
secured in places appropriate for storage;
the condition of friction-enhancing arrangements, where fitted, should be checked;
accumulations of ice and snow on such area should be removed;
it is normally preferable to have all deck lashings, uprights, etc., readily available
before loading on that specific area. This will be necessary should a preloading
examination of securing equipment be required in the loading port; and
all sounding pipes on the deck should be reviewed and arrangements made that
access to these remain as far as practicable.
Q How will you load timber on your vessel ?
Q How will you lash timber on board your vessel ?

Every lashing shall pass over the timber deck cargo and be shackled to eye plate or
strong point.
All lashing and components used for securing should possess breaking strength of
not less than 133Kn.
Every lashing should be provided with a tightening device or system so placed that it
can safely and efficiently operate when required
The load to be produced by the tightening device or system should not be less than
27Kn in the horizontal part and 16 Kn in the vertical part
Upon completion and after the initial securing the tightening device or system be left
with not less than half the threaded length of screw to be tightening in the voyage
Every lashing should be provided with a device or an installation to permit the length of
the lashing to be adjusted.
The spacing of the lashing should be such that the two lashings at each end of each
length of continuous deck stow are positioned as close as practicable to the extreme
end of the timber deck cargo.
for a height of 2.5 m and below, the maximum spacing for and aft should be 3 m;
for heights of above 2.5 m, the maximum spacing should be 1.5 m; and
on the foremost and aft-most sections of the deck cargo the distance between the
lashings according to above should be halved.
Q Draw the diagram of Timber lashing

Q Precautions to be while while Timber is on board your vessel
Constant supervision necessary to achieve a solid stow at all stages of loading
The ship must be kept upright at all times to prevent unnecessary stress on the
uprights and shift of cargo or unsymmetrical loading
The cargo must be kept free of accumulation of ice and snow.
Safe and satisfactory means of access to crew quarters, pilot boarding area,
machinery spaces and all other areas used for the necessary working of the ship must
be provided at all times.
Access to be maintained to safety equipment, controls for the remote operation of
valves, pumps etc, emergency steering gear, sounding pipes etc
Height of the deck cargo should be such not to impair visibility from the bridge.
Deck cargo shall not extend beyond the ship side.
Proper lashing to be taken as per timber code.
Chocking have to be carried out in between the spaces of cargo by using dunnage.
Lashings shall be inspected and tightened during voyage
Q What is Hog Wire ?

Lashing wire for timber deck cargo that runs transversely from the pad eye of port
uprights to starboard uprights at 2/3rd of the height of the stow.
Q What is Wiggle Wire ?

The wire that runs zig-zag from port to starboard in longitudinal direction kinda like
shoelaces through snatch block and turnbuckle in top over lashings
Q What should be the spacing of the Uprights while loading Timber ?

Not exceeding 3 m so that preferably all sections of the stow are supported by
at least two uprights;
Q Draw the statical stability curve diagram of Timber
Q Timber code is covered by what chapter of SOLAS ?
Q What checks you will do while using second hand dunnage as dunnage and new
timber as dunnage ?
Ensure that the
Second hand dunnage is free of stains, nails, large splinters etc
New timber is free from strong smells or resin coatings.
Q What are the hazards of the timber deck cargoes ?

Water absorption
Ice accereation
Free surface of slack tanks
Water trapped within log
Cargo shift due to improper lashing
Reduced GM.
SOLAS
Q What is SOLAS ?
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
Q When was SOLAS adopted ? Date of entry of Force ?

Adopted on 1 November 1974, Entered into force on 25 May 1980
Q Latest SOLAS Edition ?

SOLAS Consolidated Edition 2020
Q Latest SOLAS amendments

1 Damage control drills every 3 months
2 Foam type extinguisher of atleast 135 L capacity for boilers.
3 New SOLAS chapter 14
4 SCBA requires a audible and visual alarm when air < 200L, Pressure gauge = Visual
5 2 explosion proof radios for firefighters
6 Requirements for ships using low flashpoint fuels.
Q Contents of SOLAS ?
Chapter I General provisions
Chapter II-1 Construction - Structure, subdivision and stability, machinery and
electrical installations
Chapter II-2 Construction - Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction
Chapter III Life-saving appliances and arrangements
Chapter IV Radiocommunications
Chapter V Safety of navigation
Chapter VI Carriage of cargoes and oil fuels
Chapter VII Carriage of dangerous goods
Chapter VIII Nuclear ships
Chapter IX Management for the safe operation of ships
Chapter X Safety measures for high-speed craft
Chapter XI-1 Special measures to enhance maritime safety
Chapter XI-2 Special measures to enhance maritime security
Chapter XII Additional safety measures for bulk carriers
Chapter XIII Verification of compliance
Chapter XIV Safety measures for ships operating in polar waters
Q Define weather tight as per SOLAS

Weathertight means that in any sea conditions water will not penetrate into the ship.
Q Define water tight as per SOLAS

Watertight means having scantlings and arrangements capable of preventing the
passage of water in any direction under the head of water likely to occur in intact and
damaged conditions. In the damaged condition, the head of water is to be considered
in the worst situation at equilibrium, including intermediate stages of flooding.
Q Steering gear test and checks as per SOLAS ?
Q All types of Fire doors as per SOLAS ?
Q What are Class A divisions ?

A” class divisions are those divisions formed by bulkheads and decks which comply
with the following criteria:
Made of Steel or equivalent material.
They are suitably stiffened
they are insulated with approved non-combustible materials such that the average
temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 140°C above the original
temperature, nor will the temperature, at any one point, including any joint, rise more
than 180°C above the original temperature, within the time listed below:
class “A-60” 60 min
they are so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and
flame to the end of the one-hour standard fire test; and
Q What is a Class B division ?

“B” class divisions are those divisions formed by bulkheads, decks, ceilings or linings
which comply with the following criteria:
they are constructed of approved non-combustible materials and all materials used in
the construction and erection of “B” class divisions are non-combustible, with the
exception that combustible veneers may be permitted provided they meet other
appropriate requirements of this chapter;
they have an insulation value such that the average temperature of the unexposed
side will not rise more than 140°C above the original temperature, nor will the
temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 225°C above the
original temperature, within the time listed below:
class “B-15” 15 min
class “B-0” 0 min
Q What is Class C division ?

“C” class divisions are divisions constructed of approved non-combustible materials.
They need meet neither requirements relative to the passage of smoke and flame nor
limitations relative to the temperature rise.
Q Difference between weather tight door and Water tight door
Q Define Watertight Integrity
Q What is Standard Fire test ?

A standard fire test is a test in which specimens of the relevant bulkheads or decks are
exposed in a test furnace to temperatures corresponding approximately to the
standard time-temperature curve in accordance with the test method specified in the
Fire Test Procedures Code.
Q What SOLAS says about the visibility from the bridge ?

According to SOLAS chapter V, the view of the sea surface from the conning position
should not be obscured by more than two ship lengths, or 500 m, whichever is the
less, forward of the bow to 10° on either side under all conditions of draught, trim and
deck cargo.
Q List all the Drills and their frequency that needs to be done as per SOLAS ?
Fire drills – Every month, within 24 hours of dep if 25% crew changed
Abandon ship Drill – Every month, within 24 hours of dep if 25% crew changed
Lifeboat drill – Once every 3 months
Oil spill drill – Once every 3 months
Rescue from enclosed space drill – Once every two months
MOB drill - Once every two months
Emergency Steering Drill
Q How will you carry out fire drill ?
Q How will you carry out an Emergency Steering Drill ?
Q You hear abandon ship orders, Your action as 2nd officer ?
Q What is SOLAS training manual ? Its chapter and regulation ?

A training manual complying with the requirements of paragraph 3 shall be provided in
each crew mess room and recreation room or in each crew cabin.
shall contain instructions and information, in easily understood terms illustrated
wherever possible, on the life-saving appliances provided in the ship and on the best
methods of survival.
donning of lifejackets, immersion suits and anti-exposure suits, as appropriate;
muster at the assigned stations;
boarding, launching and clearing the survival craft and rescue boats, including, where
applicable, use of marine evacuation systems;
method of launching from within the survival craft;
release from launching appliances;
methods and use of devices for protection in launching areas, where appropriate;
illumination in launching areas;
use of all survival equipment;
use of all detection equipment;
with the assistance of illustrations, the use of radio life-saving appliances;
Q What is the latest drill added in SOLAS ?

Rescue from enclosed space drill
Q What is CSR (continous synopsis report)
Q What is ESP ?
Enhanced Survey program.
Q All certificates as per SOLAS
Q What are FORM A, B, C, E,R, P ? (Don’t say they are certificates, they are
supplements )
These forms are only supplements and record, DO NOT say that these are certificates
FORM Supplement of Contains
record of construction and equipment
FORM A IOPP certificate
for ships other than oil tankers.
record of construction and equipment
FORM B IOPP certificate
for oil tankers.
record of equipment for cargo ship
FORM C Cargo ship safety certificate
safety.
FORM E Cargo ship safety equipment Record of equipment for cargo ship
certificate safety
Safety radio certificate for cargo Record of equipment for cargo ship
FORM R
ships safety radio
Safety certificate for passenger Record of equipment for passenger
FORM P
ships ship safety
Q How would you prepare your vessel for SEQ survey ?
Q What is Muster List ?

Muster list provide information regarding shipboard emergencies with respect to the
Alarms, muster, division of teams, roles of various crew member and substitute of key
persons during various emergencies.
Q What is Muster card ?

Muster card is a placard placed in the cabin that mentions the duties of the occupier’s
of the cabin.
Q How teams are divided in muster list ?

Command team
Emergency team
Technical team/ER team
Support team
Q Where is muster list displayed ?

In conspicuous places including CCR, bridge, ECR, messrooms
Q What is General emergency alarm, Fire alarm and MOB alarm.

General Emergency Alarm – Seven or more short blasts followed by one long blast
Abandonship – GEA followed by master’s verbal order
Fire alarm – Continuous ringing of alarm
MOB – 3 long blasts (Morse for OSCAR)
Q How would you prepare a Muster list for 15 people ?
Q MOB, Action ?
LSA CODE
Q What is LSA code ?
International life-saving appliance(LSA) Code.
Q What is the AIM of the LSA Code ?

The purpose of this code is to provide international standards fro life-saving appliances
required by chapter III of international convention for the SOLAS
Q How many chapters are there in the LSA code ?

7
Q What are the contents of the LSA code ?

Chapter I General
1.1 Definitions
1.2 General requirements for life-saving appliances
Chapter II Personal life-saving appliances
2.1 Lifebuoys
2.2 Life jackets
2.3 Immersion suits
2.4 Anti-exposure suits
2.5 Thermal protective aids
Chapter III Visual signals
3.1 Rocket parachute flares
3.2 Hand flares
3.3 Buoyant smoke signals
Chapter IV Survival craft
4.1 General requirements for liferafts
4.2 Inflatable liferafts
4.3 Rigid liferafts
4.4 General requirements for lifeboats
4.5 Partially enclosed lifeboats
4.6 Totally enclosed lifeboats
4.7 Free-fall lifeboats
4.8 Lifeboats with a self-contained air support system
4.9 Fire-protected lifeboats
Chapter V Rescue boats
5.1 Rescue boats
Chapter VI Launching and embarkation appliances
6.1 Launching and embarkation appliances
6.2 Marine evacuation systems
Chapter VII Other life-saving appliances
7.1 Line-throwing appliances
7.2 General alarm and public address system
Q What are the specifications for lifebuoys ?

Outer dia – < 800mm
1
Inn Dia - >400 mm
Weight > 2.5 Kg
2
MOB marker > 4 Kg
3 Made of inherently buoyant Material
4 Can support 14.5Kg of iron in FW for 24 hours
5 Shall withstand 2 sec in fire.
6 Shall withstand drop from stow height in lightest seagoing draft or 30 m whichever is
greater.
Grabline, shall be secured at 4 equidistant points
7 Dia - 9.5mm,
Length – 4X outer dia of LB
8 Readily available on both sides of the ship
9 1 in the vicinity of the stern
10 Atleast one on each side with a buoyant lifeline
11 Atleast 50% shall be fitted with SI light
12 All types to be evenly distributed on both sides
Q What are the specifications for lifebuoys’ SI light?

Waterproof
White in color
2 cd
2 hours
50-70 flashes pm
Shall withstand drop test as same as LB
Q What are the specifications for lifebuoys’ smoke?

Emit highly visible smoke
15 min
Shan’t emit flame while smoking
Can smoke even when submerged in water for 10 sec
Shall withstand drop test as same as LB
Shall always be in MOB
Q What are the specifications for Buoyant lifelines ?

Non Kinking
Dia > 8mm
Breaking strength of not less than 5kN
Q Difference between Lifebuoy and MOB marker ? Why MOB is heavier ?

Lifebuoy’s weight is > 2.5 Kg while, MOB marker is > 4Kg
MOB marker shall be installed with quick deployment mechanism
MOB marker is with smoke.
Q How may lifebuoys shall be carried ?

Length of ship in meters Minimum number of lifebuoys
Under 100 8
100 and under 150 10
150 and under 200 12
200 and over 14
Q What are the specifications for LJ ?

Shall withstand 2 sec in fire.
at least 75% of persons, who are completely unfamiliar with the lifejacket, can correctly
don it within a period of one min without assistance, guidance or prior demonstration;
after demonstration, all persons can correctly don it within a period of one minute
without assistance;
it is clearly capable of being worn in only one way or, as far as is practicable, cannot
be donned incorrectly;
it is comfortable to wear;
it allows the wearer to jump from a height of at least 4.5 m into the water without injury
and without dislodging or damaging the lifejacket.
shall have buoyancy which is not reduced by more than 5% after 24h submersion in
fresh water.
shall be fitted with a whistle and SI light firmly secured by a cord
lift the mouth of an exhausted or unconscious person not less than 120 mm clear of
the water with the body inclined backwards at an angle of not less than 20° from the
vertical position;
turn the body of an unconscious person in the water from any position to one where
the mouth is clear of the water in not more than 5 s.
shall allow the person wearing it to swim a short distance and to board a survival craft.
Q Technical specification of Lifejacket SI light ?

Luminous intensity not less than 0.75 Cd
Battery shall last for 8 hours
White in color
Manual operation switch
50-70 flashes Per minute
Q How many LJ should be carried ?

For every person onboard + additional for watch-keepers in control stations
Q Requirement for Oversized LJ, How many should be carried ?
Q Technical requirements for Immersion suit.

The immersion suit shall be constructed with waterproof materials
can be unpacked and donned without assistance within 2 min
not sustain burning or continue melting after being totally enveloped in a fire for a
period of 2 seconds;
cover the whole body with the exception of the face.
provided with arrangements to minimize or reduce free air in the legs of the suit;
to climb up and down a vertical ladder at least 5 m in length;
to perform normal duties associated with abandonment;
to jump from a height of not less than 4.5 m into the water without damaging or
dislodging the immersion suit, or being injured;
to swim a short distance through the water and board a survival craft.
ne jump into the water from a height of 4.5 m, to ensure that the wearer's body core
temperature does not fall more than 2°C after a period of 6h immersion in calm
circulating water at a temperature of between 0°C and 2°C.
An immersion suit which has buoyancy and is designed to be worn without a lifejacket
shall be fitted with a light and the whistle complying with the requirements for life-
jackets.
If the immersion suit is to be worn in conjunction with a lifejacket, the lifejacket shall be
worn over the immersion suit. A person wearing such an immersion suit shall be able
to don a lifejacket without assistance.
A person in fresh water wearing either an immersion suit or an immersion suit with a
lifejacket, shall be able to turn from a face-down to
a face-up position in not more than 5 seconds.
Q How many Immersion suits shall be carried ?

For every person and additional for watch keepers at the control stations.
Q How to carry out the monthly inspection of the immersions suit ?
Q What are the technical requirement of TPA ?

A thermal protective aid shall be made of waterproof material having a thermal
conductance of not more than 7800 W/(m2.K) and shall be so constructed that, when
used to enclose a person, it shall reduce both the convective and evaporative heat
loss from the wearer's body.
cover the whole body of persons of all sizes wearing a lifejacket with the exception of
the face.
be capable of being unpacked and easily donned without assistance in a survival craft
or rescue boat;
permit the wearer to remove it in the water in not more than 2 min, if it impairs ability to
swim.
The thermal protective aid shall function properly throughout an air temperature range
-30°C to +20°C.
Q Difference between TPA and immersion suit ?
Q What is air pressure testing of Immersion suit ? What should be its frequency ?
Done every 3 years
1 Seal the openings of immersion suit
2 Put in the air pressure of 0.7 to 1.4Kpa
3 Apply soapy water
4 Look for bubbles
Q What all equipment are carried for air testing of immersion suit ?
Q What is HRU ? What is its function ?
Q Draw the HRU
Q Service period of HRU ?

Other than the disposable ones, at intervals not exceeding 12 month only at
competent service stations.
Q What is Weak link ? What is its function ?

Weak link connects the painter to the strong point.
It has breaking strength of 2.2+- 0.4Kn so it is designed to break when the inflated
liferaft exerts enough buoyancy on it when the ship is sinking.
Q Define Survival craft ?

Survival craft is a craft capable of sustaining the lives of persons in distress from the
time of abandoning the ship.
Q Types of Survival craft ?
Q What are the technical requirements of a Life raft ?

Every life raft shall be so constructed as to be capable of withstanding exposure for 30
days afloat in all sea conditions.
The life raft shall be so constructed that when it is dropped into the water from a height
of 18 m, the life raft and its equipment will operate satisfactorily. If the liferaft is to be
stowed at a height of more than 18 m above the waterline in the lightest seagoing
condition, it shall be of a type which has been satisfactorily drop-tested from at least
that height.
The floating life raft shall be capable of withstanding repeated jumps on to it from a
height of at least 4.5 m above its floor both with and without the canopy erected.
The life raft and its fittings shall be so constructed as to enable it to be towed at a
speed of 3 knots in calm water when loaded with its full complement of persons and
equipment and with one of its sea-anchors streamed.
The life raft shall have a canopy to protect the occupants from exposure which is
automatically set in place when the life raft is launched and waterborne.
No life raft shall be approved which has a carrying capacity of less than six persons
The life raft shall be fitted with an efficient painter of length equal to not less than 10 m
plus the distance from the stowed position to the waterline in the lightest seagoing
condition or 15 m whichever is the greater.
Q What are the technical requirements of a Life raft canopy ?
Q List all the ways to launch a life raft.

Automatic
manual
Davit launched
Q How many life rafts are carried onboard ?

100% capacity on both sides
Q Can the LR be carried only 50% on either side ?

Yes, If there are the provisions to easily carry the LR to either side in the case of an
Emergency.
Q How often are Life rafts serviced ?

They are serviced annually by approved servicing station.
Q List all the markings on a life raft.

maker's name or trade mark;
serial number;
name of approving authority and the number of persons it is permitted to carry;
SOLAS;
type of emergency pack enclosed;
date when last serviced;
length of painter;
maximum permitted height of stowage above waterline (depending on drop-test height
and length of painter);
launching instructions.
Q How you will see when the Life raft was last serviced ?
There is an enclosed capsule on the liferaft that has a document that has all the
records of the service of the Life raft.
Q Why a Liferaft is carried forward ?

JB Singh wants to hear in case the ship breaks in half the people trapped forward of
the break shall be able to escape.
Q The LR at the forward is equipped with HRU ? Why ?

No because in rough weather when it is spraying seas from the forward, the water
pressure will activate the HRU.
Q You are pulling the painter but the liferaft is not inflating, your action ?
Q Equipment of life raft ?

Rescue quoit with 30 m line
2 bailers
2 sponges
2 sea anchors
2 buoyant paddles
3 tin openers
2 smoke signal
4 rocket parachutes
6 hand flares
TPA 10% of compliment but not less than 2
Food ration 10K KJ per person
1.5L FW per person
Anti sea sickness tablets for 48 hours
1 sea sickness bag per person
1 fishing tackle
1 scissor
1 first aid kit
1 whistle
1 torch
1 radar reflector
1 mirror
1 knife
Q Technical specifications for rescue boat?

Can be launched in 5 mins.
Rescue boats may be either of rigid or inflated construction or a combination of both
and shall:
be not less than 3.8 m and not more than 8.5 m in length; and
be capable of carrying at least five seated persons and a person lying on a stretcher.
Rescue boats shall be capable of maneuvering at a speed of at least 6 knots and
maintaining that speed for a period of at least 4 hours.
Bow cover min 15%.
Rescue boats shall have sufficient mobility and maneuverability in a seaway to enable
persons to be retrieved from the water, marshal life rafts and tow the largest life raft
carried on the ship when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment or
its equivalent at a speed of at least 2 knots.
Arrangements for towing shall be permanently fitted in rescue boats and shall be
sufficiently strong to marshal or tow life rafts.
Q Technical specifications of fall lifeboat ?

Shall be of highly visible color, shall be rot proof, fire resistance non corrosive and
sweat proof.
have ample stability in a seaway and sufficient freeboard when loaded with their full
complement of persons and equipment.
Have rigid hulls and shall be capable of maintaining positive stability when in an
upright position in calm water and loaded with their full complement of persons and
equipment and holed in any one location below the waterline, assuming no loss of
buoyancy material and no other damage.
be capable of being launched and towed when the ship is making headway at a speed
of 5 knots in calm water.
Seating shall be provided on thwarts, benches or fixed chairs
Every lifeboat shall be powered by a compression ignition engine. No engine shall be
used for any lifeboat if its fuel has a flashpoint of 43°C or less
All lifeboats except free-fall lifeboats shall be provided with at least one drain valve
fitted near the lowest point in the hull, which shall automatically open to drain water
from the hull when the lifeboat is not waterborne and shall automatically close to
prevent entry of water when the lifeboat is waterborne.
Can be launched upto 10 degree trim and 20 degree list
Q Technical specifications of Free fall lifeboat ?

Each free-fall lifeboat shall be fitted with a release system which shall:
Have two independent activation systems for the release mechanisms which may only
be operated from inside the lifeboat and be marked in a color that contrasts with its
surroundings;
be so arranged as to release the boat under any condition of loading from no load up
to at least 200% of the normal load caused by the fully equipped lifeboat when loaded
with the number of persons for which it is to be approved;
be adequately protected against accidental or premature use;
be designed to test the release system without launching the lifeboat;
be designed with a factor of safety of 6 based on the ultimate strength of the materials
used.
Q Markings on a lifeboat ?
Name of the vessel
Port of registry
Call sign
Max person
Dimensions
Lifeboat’s number as per the LSA plan.
Q Markings on a lifeboat’s plate ?

Shall have a plate approved by the administration which has manufacturer’s name and
address, Model and serial number, month and year of manufacture, and no of persons
it can carry.
Q Is it mandatory for tankers to have free fall LB ?

No
Q For what kind of vessel it is necessary to have a free fall lifeboat.

Bulk carriers.
Q What is Sea anchor
Q How would you lower a lifeboat using davit ?

Muster all
Remove all lashings and covers
Plug the drain plug
Remove the charger
Fasten the painters forward and aft
Remove the safety harbor pin
Board the lifeboat
Remove the brake pin from the davit
Lift the brake gently to lower the boat
Once water borne, release the hooks and painters
Start the engine and clear from the ship.
Q How would you lower a freefall lifeboat ?

Remove charger
Remove harbour lashing
Remove the brackets
Board the boat
Remove the safety pin and pull the handle which will open the hook and boat will free
fall.
Q What is On Load Mechanism ?

Mechanism to release the hooks of the life boat when the lifeboat is NOT waterborne.
ON load is used when the weather is rough.
Lower the LB as close to the water level as possible
Pull the safety pin
Open the hydrostatic interlock cover
Uncover the lach of interlock
Pull the hydrostatic interlock lever with one hand until the light becomes green from
red
Pull simultaneously the handle to unhook.
Q What are the maintenance you do for On Load Mechanism ?
Q What is Off load Mechanism ?

Mechanism to release the hooks of the life boat once the lifeboat is waterborne.
Lower the L/B to the water surface
Once the L/B is water borne the diaphragm will be pressed and it will show a green
indication
Remove the safety pin
Then pull the handle to release the hook.
Q How would you reset On/Off load mechanism ?
Q What is FPD ?
Q How would you test the Lifeboat davit limit switch ?

Q What is the max capacity of L/B ?
Can’t be more than 150 person per lifeboat
Q What are the lifeboat equipment ?

except for free-fall lifeboats, sufficient buoyant oars to make headway in calm seas.
two boat-hooks;
a buoyant bailer and two buckets;
a survival manual
compass
a sea-anchor
two efficient painters
two hatchets
watertight receptacles containing a total of 3 liters of fresh water for each person
a rustproof dipper with lanyard;
a rustproof graduated drinking vessel;
a food ration totaling not less than 10,000 kJ for each person
six hand flares
four rocket parachute flares
two buoyant smoke signals
one waterproof electric torch suitable for Morse signalling
one daylight signaling mirror
one whistle
a first-aid outfit
anti-seasickness medicine
a jack-knife
three tin openers
two buoyant rescue quoits
one set of fishing tackle
sufficient tools for minor adjustments to the engine and its accessories;
portable fire-extinguishing equipment
a searchlight
an efficient radar reflector
TPA – 10% of complement but not less than 2.
Q Static test of Lifeboat ?

Done 5 yearly
Loaded to not less than 1.5 times the max break holding capacity of davit
Inspected for deformations
Q Dynamic testing of lifeboat ?

Done 5 yearly
Loaded to not less than 1.1 times the max break holding capacity of davit
Released at max lowering speed tested for deformation
If you have two davit launch lifeboats on either side, which one will be the Rescue boat
Q
?
The davit with a powerful motor will be the rescue boat.
Q How would you order ration for your Lifeboat ?
Q How much food ration is carried in lifeboat ?

Q What are the contents of the food ration ?
Q How to order water for LB ?
Q Expiry of Ration and water in LB ?
Q How many TPAs will you carry in Lifeboat ?
Q How to lower LB in heavy weather ?

Muster all crew at muster station
Stop engine
Remove lashing, covers, gripes from L/B and also battery charger
Plug the drain plug
Rig fenders and cargo net
Fasten the painters fwd and aft
Board the crew except the person engage in launching
Remove harbour pin and then break-pin of the winch
Lower lifeboat steadily
Lower upto crest of the wave and on downward roll of the ship
Falls will automatically slacked during the next through
Unhook the falls
Left go painter aft and fwd
Start engine and keep clear of the vessel.
Q List all the means to start the life boat.
Q How will you start the LB Engine manually ?
Q How often will you lower LB as per SOLAS ?

Every 3 months during lifeboat drills
Q Weekly LSA maintenance ?

The following tests and inspections shall be carried out weekly and a report of the
inspection shall be entered in the logbook
all survival craft, rescue boats and launching appliances shall be visually inspected to
ensure that they are ready for use. The inspection shall include, but is not limited to,
1
the condition of hooks, their attachment to the lifeboat and the on-load release gear
being properly and completely reset;
all engines in lifeboats and rescue boats shall be run for a total period of not less than
3 minutes, provided the ambient temperature is above the minimum temperature
required for starting and running the engine. During this period of time, it should be
2 demonstrated that the gearbox and gearbox train are engaging satisfactorily. If the
special characteristics of an outboard motor fitted to a rescue boat would not allow it to
be run other than with its propeller submerged for a period of 3 minutes, a suitable
water supply may be provided.
lifeboats, except free-fall lifeboats, on cargo ships shall be moved from their stowed
3 position, without any persons on board, to the extent necessary to demonstrate
satisfactory operation of launching appliances, if weather and sea conditions so allow
4 the general emergency alarm shall be tested.
Q Monthly LSA inspection ?

All lifeboats, except free-fall lifeboats, shall be turned out from their stowed position,
1
without any persons on board if weather and sea conditions so allow.
Inspection of the life-saving appliances, including lifeboat equipment, shall be carried
2 out monthly using the checklist required by regulation 36.1 to ensure that they are
complete and in good order. A report of the inspection shall be entered in the logbook
3 EPIRB check
4 SART check.
Q How all medicines are carried in Lifeboat ?

Seasickness medicines for 48 hours and Ibrufin.
Q How many Pyrotechnics are carried in Lifeboat ?

6 Hand flares, 4 Rocket parachute flare and 2 smoke signals
Q What are the technical requirements for hand flares ?

be contained in a water-resistant casing;
have brief instructions or diagrams clearly
have a self-contained means of ignition
be so designed as not to cause discomfort to the person
burn with a bright red colour;
burn uniformly with an average luminous intensity of not less than 15,000 cd;
have a burning period of not less than 1 min
continue to burn after having been immersed for a period of 10s under 100 mm of
water
Q What are the technical requirements for rocket parachute flares ?

be contained in a water-resistant casing
have brief instructions or diagrams
have integral means of ignition;
be so designed as not to cause discomfort to the person holding
when fired vertically, reach an altitude of not less than 300 m.
burn with a bright red color;
burn uniformly with an average luminous intensity of not less than 30,000 cd;
have a burning period of not less than 40 s;
have a rate of descent of not more than 5 m/s; and
not damage its parachute or attachments while burning.
Q What are the technical requirements for buoyant smoke signals ?

be contained in a water-resistant casing;
not ignite explosively
have brief instructions
emit smoke of a highly visible color at a uniform rate for a period of not less than 3 min
when floating in calm water;
not emit any flame during the entire smoke emission time; not be swamped in a
seaway;
continue to emit smoke when submerged in water for a period of 10 s under 100 mm
of water.
Q What is the Expiry of Pyrotechnics

42 months
Q Pyrotechnics expired at sea, action ?

Q How do you dispose pyrotechnics ?
Q Difference between recovery strops and FPD ?
Q What is Tricing Pendants ?

They are just simple wire ropes that pulls the lifeboat closer to the embarkation deck
while the boat is being lowered from the stowed position to the embarkation deck so
that bowsing tackles can be rigged.
Without the tricing pendants the lifeboat will be a little far away from the embarkation
deck and thus rigging the bowsing tackle won’t be convenient.
Q What is Bowsing tackle.

Bowsing tackle is a three fold purchase that keeps the lifeboat closer to the
embarkation deck and prevent lateral swinging while it is being boarded by ship
persons.
Once rigged it also takes the weight off of the tricing pendant.
Once bowsing tackle is rigged the tricing pendant is let go.
Q How is LB in bulk carriers different from LB in tankers ?

Life boat in tankers have 2 additional things
1 Sprinkler system for outer hull,
2 Compressed air bottles to maintain a +ve pressure inside the LB.
Q What is difference between SOLAS pack A and B ?

SOLAS pack B is for vessel engaged in short international voyages
In pack B the number of Pyro-techniques are half
In SOLAS pack B No food, Water fishing kit
Q What is short international voyage ?

Is an international voyage,
More than 200 miles from any port
Distance between the last and next port of call shall not be more than 600 miles.
Q How many Pyrotechnics should be carried on bridge ?

12 rocket parachute flares
Q What are the technical requirements of LTA ?

be capable of throwing a line with reasonable accuracy;
include not less than four projectiles each capable of carrying the line at least 230 m in
calm weather;
Include not less than four lines each having a breaking strength of not less than 2 kN;
have brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating the use of the line-throwing
appliance.
have brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating the use of the line-throwing
appliance.
Q How many LTA a vessel should carry ?

Atleast 1.
Q What is the expiry of the LTA ?

4 years
In Lifeboat why fishing tackle is provided ? Why can’t it be replaced with pack of cards
Q
or video games.
Q How to start an emergency generator ?

There are 3 ways
Automatic – when main power is cut off Em generator will start automatically
Manual using electric starter
Hand cranking.
Q SART battery ? EPIRB battery ?
Q What all information do you get from the LSA plan ?
Q As a cadet your abandon-ship duties ?
Q Difference between SOLAS and LSA code ?
Q What are the requirements for embarkation ladder ?

The steps of the ladder shall be:
made of hardwood, free from knots or other irregularities, smoothly machined and free
from sharp edges and splinters, or of suitable material of equivalent properties;
provided with an efficient nonslip surface either by longitudinal grooving or by the
application of an approved nonslip coating;
not less than 480 mm long, 115 mm wide and 25 mm in depth, excluding any nonslip
surface or coating;
equally spaced not less than 300 mm or more than 380 mm apart and secured in such
a manner that they will remain horizontal.
The side ropes of the ladder shall consist of two uncovered manila ropes not less than
65 mm in circumference on each side.
Each rope shall be continuous with no joints below the top step.
All rope ends shall be secured to prevent unraveling.
FSS CODE
Q What is FSS code ?
International code of fire safety systems adopted in Dec 2000, entered into force in
2002.
Q What is the AIM of the FSS code ?

The purpose of this Code is to provide International standards of specific
engineering specifications for fire safety systems required by SOLAS.
Q How many chapters are there in the FSS code ?

16
Q What are the chapters of the FSS code ?

Chapter 1 General
Chapter 2 International shore connection
Chapter 3 Personnel protection
Chapter 4 Fire extinguishers
Chapter 5 Fixed gas fire-extinguishing system
Chapter 6 Fixed foam fire-extinguishing system
Fixed pressure water-spraying and water mist fire-
Chapter 7
extinguishing system
Chapter 8 Automatic sprinkler,fire detection and fire alarm system
Chapter 9 Fixed fire detection and fire alarm system
Chapter 10 Sample extraction smoke detection system
Chapter 11 Low-location lighting system
Chapter 12 Fixed emergency fire pump
Chapter 13 Arrangement of means of escape
Chapter 14 Fixed deck foam system
Chapter 15 Inert gas system
Chapter 16 Fixed hydrocarbon gas detection system
Q What is International Shore connection ?

ISC is a coupling with a flat face on one end and a genderless connection similar to
our ship’s fire hydrant and fire hoses on the other end.
We use it in the case of a fire when our own fire pumps are unable to supply water to
the fire main system.
We connect the flat face of the ISC to the hose provided by the shore (Or we can
connect the flat face of our ISC to the flat face of the Shore’s ISC)and other end to any
fire hydrant of our vessel’s fixed fire fighting system.
Q What is the dimension of ISC ?
Description Dimension
Outer Dia 178mm
Inner Dia 64 mm
Bolt circle diameter 132 mm
Slots in Flange 4 holes, 19 mm in dia
Flange thickness 14.5 min
Bolts and nuts 4, each 16 mm in dia, 50 mm in length
Q What are the requirements of a fire fighter’s outfit.

A firefighter's outfit shall consist of a set of personal equipment and a breathing
apparatus.
OUTFIT
Protective clothing of material to protect the skin from the heat radiating from the fire
and from burns and scalding by steam. The outer surface shall be water-resistant.
Boots of rubber or other electrically non-conducting material
Rigid helmet providing effective protection against impact
Electric safety lamp of an approved type with a minimum burning period of 3 h.
Electric safety lamps on tankers and those intended to be used in hazardous areas
shall be of an explosion-proof type.
Axe with a handle provided with high-voltage insulation.
BREATHING APPARATUS
An SCBA with 1200L of compressed air or other SCBA with atleast 30m of
compressed air with interchangeable cylinders.
SCBA shall have a visual and audible alarm when the air drops to no less than 200L.
LIFELINE
Length 30M, fireproof,
shall pass a static test of 3.5KN for 5 min
Shall come with a snap hook.
Q How many Fireman’s outfit shall be carried ?

Atleast 2, tankers shall carry additional 2.
Q List all the checks of SCBA.

3 tests are there
1 Pressure test
2 Leak test
3 Alarm test
Q How will you come to know that the SCBA is about to go empty ?
When the air pressure will reach 200L it will give a whistle.
Q How would you charge the SCBA onboard ?
Q What is EEBD ?
An Emergency escape breathing device is a supplied air or oxygen device only used
for escape from a compartment that has a hazardous atmosphere and shall be of an
approved type
EEBD shall not be used for fighting fires,entering oxygen deficient voids or tanks,or
worn by firefighters.
Q What are the requirements of an EEBD ?

The EEBD shall have a service duration of at least 10 min.
The EEBD shall include a hood or full face piece,as appropriate,to protect the eyes,
nose and mouth materials and include a clear during escape. Hoods and face pieces
shall be constructed of flame-resistant window for viewing
An inactivated EEBD shall be capable of being carried hands-free.
An EEBD,when stored,shall be suitably protected from the environment.
Brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating their use shall be clearly printed on the
EEBD. The donning procedures shall be quick and easy to allow for situations where
there is little time to seek safety from a hazardous atmosphere.
Maintenance requirements,manufacturer's trademark and serial number, shelf life with
accompanying manufacture date and name of the approving authority shall be printed
on each EEBD. All EEBD training units shall be clearly marked.
Q How many EEBD shall be carried ?

Min 2 +1 spare set, in tankers one for everyone + for watchkeeper
Q What are the quantities of Portable FE ?

Powder and CO2 – min 5 Kg
Foam - 9L
Weight not more than 23 Kg
Q What are the requirements of an Portable Foam Applicator ?

Venturi foam Nozzle
Fire hose
20L of foam tank + 20L of spare foam tank
Foam sol flow rate of 200L per min
Foam concentrate shall be approved.
Foam expansion and drainage time using the nozzle shall not not differ more than +-
10%
Unit shall not clog and withstand vibrations, shocks etc normally encountered on ships.
Q Requirement for fixed gas fire fighting system ?

When serving more than one space the quantity of the medium need not be more than
the largest quantity required for any one space.
Means shall be provided to safely weight the medium easily without having to move
the cylinders.
Containers, piping etc shall be approved by the administration.
Piping arrangement and discharge nozzle shall be such that a uniform distribution is
achieved inside the compartment.
Pressure containers shall be located outside of the compartment they protect.
Sections with closed piping shall be with relief valve that leads to open deck.
Pipings, fittings, nozzles etc all be a melting point above 925 degree Celsius.
Pipelines shall be such that it permits air testing.
Pipes leading into the protective spaces shall have a control valve and indicate clearly
what space it leads to.
Suitable provisions to be made to prevent inadvertent release of the medium.
Means shall be provided to automatically give audible and visual alarm loud enough to
be heard throughout the compartment with all machinery operating
The length of alarm shall be the time needed to evacuate the compartment but
not less than 20s before the medium is released.
Conventional and small spaces such as compressor rooms or paint room shall not
have an audible alarm only the local release.
The means of control of any fixed gas fire-extinguishing system shall be readily
accessible, simple to operate and shall be grouped together in as few locations as
possible at positions not likely to be cut off by a fire in a protected space. At each
location there shall be clear instructions relating to the operation of the system having
regard to the safety of personnel.
Automatic release of fire-extinguishing medium shall not be permitted,except as
permitted by the Administration.
For cargo spaces,the quantity of carbondioxide available shall,unless otherwise
provided,be sufficient to give a minimum volume of free gas equal to 30% of the
gross volume of the largest cargo space to be protected in the ship.
For machinery spaces,the fixed piping system shall be such that 85% of the gas
can be discharged into the space within 2 min.
For solid bulk cargo spaces,the fixed piping system shall be such that at least
2/3 of the gas can be discharged into the space within 20 min.
Q Draw the diagram of fixed CO2 system from your vessel.

Q How did you operate fixed CO2 system in your last ship ?
Q How to test the alarm in E/R for fixed CO2 system

Just by opening the Cabinet door of pilot cylinder bottles ?
Q Requirements of High Expansion Foam Fixed Fire Fighting System.

Release shall be manual, if its automatic, the automatic system shall be type
approved.
Foam concentrate shall be type approved.
Components, piping etc shall withstand vibration shocks etc and a temp of 925 degree
Celsius.
For testing a pressure gauge shall be provided at water and foam concentrate inlet
and one at the foam outlet.
Glass gauge and a sample point shall be provided for foam concentrate tank.
Operating instructions shall be posted.
The quantity of foam concentrate available shall be sufficient to produce a volume of
foam equal to at least 5X the volume of the largest protected space ,or enough for 30
min of full operation for the largest protected space,which ever is greater.
Machinery spaces,cargo pump-rooms,vehicle spaces,ro-ro spaces and special
category spaces shall be provided with audible and visual alarms within the protected
space warning of the release of the system. The alarms shall operate for the length of
time needed to evacuate the space, but in no case less than 20 s.
Q Requirement for Fire pumps

Cargo ship GRT > 1000 atleast 2 power driven self priming pumps one of which shall
be independently driven
Total capacity of fire pumps -
Not less than 4/3 of bilge pumping arrangements
Not more than 180m3/h.
Each fire pumps - shall have a capacity not less than 80% of the total required
capacity divided by the minimum number of required fire pumps(2 in case of GRT >
1000 cargo ship), but in any case not less than 25 m3/h, and each such pump shall in
any event be capable of delivering at least the two required jets of water.
Q Requirements for fixed emergency fire pump

Should be away from machinery spaces.
The emergency fire pump shall be of a fixed independently driven power operated
pump.
The capacity of the pump shall not be less than 40% of the total capacity of the fire
pumps required by regulation and in any case not less than the following, cargo ships
of 2000 GRT and upwards – 25 m3/h
When the pump is delivering the quantity of water required by paragraph 2.2.1.1,
the pressure at any hydrants shall be not less than the minimum pressure required by
chapter ll-2 of the Convention.
Any diesel-driven power source for the pump shall be capable of being readily started
in its cold condition down to the temperature of 0 degree celsius by hand (manual)
cranking.
Any service fuel tank shall contain sufficient fuel to enable the pump to run on full load
for at least 3 h and sufficient reserves of fuel shall be available outside the machinery
space of category A to enable the pump to be run on full load for an additional15 h.
Q Your Emergency fire pump is loosing suction, Action ?
Q What are the requirements for fire mains ?

Laid out to efficiently distribute the discharge form fire pumps operating
simultaneously.
Diameter shall be so much that a flow rate of not more than 140m3/h is achieved
Shall have relief valve and means of draining the lines.
Isolation valves – only on tankers at every 40m, so that even if fire line is ruptured the
rupture can be isolated.
Q Technical requirements of fire hydrants ?

Pressure on hydrants shall be 0.27N/mm2 for cargo ships > 6000 GRT.
Hydrants shall be such that at least two jets of water not emanating from the same
hydrant one of which one of which shall be from a single length of hose, may reach
any part of the ship normally accessible to the passengers or crew while the ship is
being navigated and any part of any cargo space when empty.
Q Technical requirements of fire hoses ?
Fire hoses shall be of non-perishable material approved by the Administration.
Each hose shall be provided with a nozzle and the necessary couplings.
Fire hoses shall have a length of at least 10 m, but not more than:
15 m in machinery spaces;
20 m in other spaces and open decks; and
25 m for open decks on ships with a maximum breadth in excess of 30 m.
Unless one hose and nozzle is provided for each hydrant in the ship, there shall be
complete interchangeability of hose couplings and nozzles.
Standard nozzle sizes shall be 12 mm, 16 mm and 19 mm
For accommodation and service spaces, a nozzle size greater than 12 mm need not
be used.
Nozzles shall be of an approved dual-purpose type (i.e. spray/jet type) incorporating a
shutoff.
Q How many fire hoses shall be carried ?

Number and diameter is decided by the administrator.
Cargo ships of 1000 GRT and more the number of fire hoses to be provided shall be
one for each 30 m length of the ship and one spare, but in no case less than five in all.
This number does not include any hoses required in any engine-room or boiler room.
Ships carrying dangerous goods shall be provided with three hoses and nozzles
Q Requirement of Fixed deck foam system

The arrangements for providing foam shall be capable of delivering foam to the entire
cargo tanks deck area as well as into any cargo tank the deck of which has been
ruptured.
The deck foam system shall be capable of simple and rapid operation.
Foam from the fixed foam system shall be supplied by means of monitors and foam
applicator.
Sufficient foam concentrate shall be supplied to ensure at least 20 min of foam
generation in tankers fitted with an inert gas installation or 30 min of foam generation
in tankers not fitted with an inert gas installation or not required to use an inert gas
system.
The distance from the monitor to the farthest extremity of the protected area forward of
that monitor shall not be more than 75% of the monitor throw in still air conditions.
At least four foam applicators shall be provided on all tankers. The number and
disposition of foam main outlets shall be such that foam from at least two applicator
scan be directed on to any part of the cargo tanks deck area.
Valves shall be provided in the foam main,and in the fire main when this is an integral
part of the deck foam system,immediately forward of any monitor position to isolate
damaged sections of those mains.
Q How will you start fixed deck fire fighting system.
Q High expansion and low expansion foam ratio. ?
Q How will you check the quality of foam ?
Q How to send foam sample for analysis ?
Q Workings of sprinklers ?
Q How is hypermist different from Sprinkler system ?
Hypermist Sprinkler
Detects fire using 2 detectors Detects fire by means of quartzoid bulbs
Has a special nozzle that shots mist in
Has sprinkler that sprays water
high pressure
Reduces the temp to extinguish the
Reduces the temperature to an extent
fire
Q On what principal does hypermist works ?
Q What is the droplet size of water in hypermist system ?
Q How much FW is required for Hypermist system, what if the FW is finished ?
Q What all machinery are covered by the Hypermist and where is the Hypermist plant
fitted ?
High risk areas such as ME, boilers, Purifier room, Incinerator, diesel generator.
Q What are fire classifications ?

ISO – International organisation for NFPA- National Fire Protection
Standardization Association
Class A – Solids A - Solids
Class B - Liquids B – liquids and gases
Class C - Gases C – Electrical
Class D - Metals D - Metals
Class F – Cooking oils K – Cooking grease, fats, oils
Q Requirement for PFE ?

Accommodation spaces, service spaces and control station shall be provided with PFE
of appropriate types and in sufficient number to the satisfaction of the administration.
Ship of greater than 1000GRT and above must carry min 5.
Capacity min 9L not more than 30.5L
ER Every 10m walking distance atleast 1 on each platform
PFE shall be stored near entrances of the spaces it serves
It should be kept in easily visible place for immediate use
CO2 PFE shall not used in accommodation.
Q What are the color coding of various PFE ?

Q What type of PFE used on what types of Fire ?
Q What is a Fire triangle ?

Combustion will take place when the three things are present fuel, temperature and
oxygen which forms a fire trangle, in case of fire tetrahedron the 4th link is the chain
reaction.
Q What is the principal of fire fighting ?

The main objective of fire fighting is to extinguish the fire by
1 reducing the temperature(Cooling),
2 removing the fuel(Starving),
3 excluding the supply of air(Smothering),
4 interfering with the combustion process(Inhibiting)
as quickly as possible.
Q What are the markings on a fire extinguisher ?

Name of the manufacturer
Type of fire
Type and quantity of extinguishing medium
Approval details
Instruction for use
Year of manufacturer
Working temperature range
Test pressure
Q How many spares of PFE will you carry ?

Spare charges shall be provided for 100% of the first ten extinguishers and 50% of the
remaining fire extinguishers capable of being recharged on board.
Not more than sixty total spare charges are required.
or fire extinguishers which cannot be recharged on board, additional portable fire
extinguishers of the same quantity, type, capacity and number shall be provided in lieu
of spare charges.
Q Period of inspection of Portables ?

Service - One year
Atleast one of same brand and having same year of manufacturer shall be test
discharged at five yearly intervals as part of fire drill.
Hydraulic testing – 10 years
Q How would you carry out the maintenance of DCP extinguisher ?

First check the serial number of the extinguisher as per the fire plan
Then check the IMO symbol
Then check the locking pin and tamper seal, it shouldn't be broken
Nozzle and hose shall be in good condition, no obstruction
Outer body shall be in good condition
Blue color band shouldn’t be faded.
Cradle and securing straps shall be in good condition
Instructions, type of extinguisher, used for other data on the label shall not be faded
Once found satisfactory sign the monthly slip.
Q What are the contents of 9KG DCP ?

Mono Ammonium Phosphate + Ammonium sulphate OR
sodium bicarbonate + potassium bicarbonate
200 grams CO2 cartridge as propellant.
Q How to refill DCP ?

Q How do you prevent the caking in DCP ?
Two ways
1 While refiling DCP make sure that an anti-caking agent is added.
2 During monthly inspection shake the PFE.
Q Markings in DCP extinguisher ?

Blue color band
It will clearly say Dry chemical power
Q Once activated, how long does a DCP PE last ?

30 sec
Q What are the contents of a 6L Foam PE ?

Solution of AFFF and water + 120 grams CO2 cartridge
Q When you will replace the CO2 cartridge ?
Q Contents of Soda acid fire extinguishers ?

Baking soda solution and Sulphuric acid in the cartridge.
when acid cartridge is punctured and acid mixes with the baking powder solution, it
gives off, Water CO2 gas and sodium sulphate.
Q How will you refill CO2 extinguisher ?

We can’t
Q Why there is a hole in the nut of an extinguisher ? What are the dimensions of that
hole ?
Q You joined as 3O, how do you know whether the CO2 has been serviced or not ?
Q How long a 9L water PE would last ?

1 min
Q Weight of CO2 cartridge in 9Ltr water PFE ?

60 grams.
Q What all fire fighting equipment are there in the galley ?

Wet chemical PE
Foam PE
Fire blanket
Fixed deep fat fryer extinguisher
Q Fire in galley, Action.

Raise alarm.
Q Fire in Pump room action ?
Q Fire on mast, action ?

Q Fire in E/R, action ? (Hint – wants to listen “with the assistance of CE” in answer)
Q Fire in accommodation, Action ?
Q Fire in paint locker, Action ?
Q You joined a vessel and the LSA and FFA were not maintained for a long time also the
records are not available, how will you remake the records again ?
Q What is Fire control plan ?
Q What information do you get from the Fire plan ?

Location of control station
Remote locations
Fire fighting equipment
Detection systems
Fire zones
Ventilation Systems
Access to spaces.
Q At what all places the fire plan is displayed ?

At conspicuous places including wheel house, ECR, upper deck and in fire wallets
Q What is fire wallet ?
Q What all do you carry in the fire wallet ?

Fire control plan
Crew list
General arrangement plan
Stowage plan
Pumping arrangement
MSDS of cargo.
Q Where is fire wallet located ?

2 Near the entrances of accommodation and one additional in tankers near manifold.
Q What all do you find in the fire control room ?
Q What fixed fire fighting extinguisher is used in gas carriers ? What is the propellant for
it ?
Q How to fight metal fire ?
Q Fire in manifold, Action ?

Q Weekly FFA maintenance ?
Inspection of BA set, EEBD, Alarms system, PA system.
Q Monthly inspection of FFA ?

Inspection of Smoke detectors
Inspection of Fireman’s axe, o2 cylinders and safety belt.
Inspection for damage, corrosion, greasing, scrapping of fire hydrant, hose box,
nozzles isolation valves, ISC,
Inspection for damage, corrosion of deck FFA, pipelines, PFE,
Q Half yearly inspection of FFA ?

Fixed CO2 FFA air or steam test.
Q Annually inspection of FFA ?

Refilling and servicing of all portable and fixed extinguishers
IAMSAR MANUAL
Q What is IAMSAR Manual ?
Jointly published by IMO and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the
three-volume IAMSAR Manual provides guidelines for a common aviation and
maritime approach to organizing and providing search and rescue (SAR) services.
The IAMSAR manual is divided into three volumes: on board we use Vol III :Mobile
facilities.
The IAMSAR Manual, adopted in November 1999.
IMSAR Manual is published every 3 years.
Q Latest IAMSAR edition ?

2022 Edition
Q What is the AIM of IAMSAR Vol III ?

The primary purpose of Vol 3 is to assist vessels and aircraft in the performance of
SAR or on-scene co-ordinator functions with aspect to SAR.
Q What are the contents of IAMSAR ?
Q What are the contents of MERSAR ?
Q What are all the Search patterns ?

IBC CODE
Q What is IBC code ?
International code for construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous
chemicals in bulk, a mandatory code.
Adopted and entered into force in 1983.(Forward 1, Preamble 10)
Q On what vessels the IBC code applied ?

Vessel regardless of size or tonnage engaged in carriage of dangerous chemicals and
NLS in bulk built after 1 July 1986.
Q What is the AIM of the IBC code ?

Provide international standard for safe carriage in bulk by sea of substances listed in
Chapter 17 of the code
Provide design and construction standards and the equipment they should carry.
To minimize the risk to the ship its crew and the environment having regard to the
nature of the product involved.
To assign the vessel a type depending upon the cargo she carries.
Q Latest edition of IBC code ?

2020 Edition entered into force in 2021, and it renders all the previous editions
obsolete
Q Latest amendments of the IBC code ?

1 Differential list of lost and gained products
2 Replacement of existing certificates
3 Implementation on board
4 Residues and tank washings of persistent floating products
5 Revision and re-approval of P&A manual in due course.
Q What are the contents of IBC code ?

Chapter 1 General
Chapter 2 Ship survival capability and location of cargo tanks
Chapter 3 Ship arrangements
Chapter 4 Cargo containment.
Chapter 5 Cargo transfer
Chapter 6 Materials of construction, protective linings and coatings
Chapter 7 Cargo temperature control
Chapter 8 Cargo tank venting and gas-freeing arrangements
Chapter 9 Environmental control
Chapter 10 Electrical installations
Chapter 11 Fire protection and fire extinction
Chapter 12 Mechanical ventilation in the cargo area
Chapter 13 Instrumentation
Chapter 14 Personnel protection
Chapter 15 Special requirement's
Chapter 16 Operational requirements
Chapter 17 Summary of minimum requirements
Chapter 18 List of products to which the Code does not apply .
Chapter 19 Index of Products Carried in Bulk
Chapter 20 Transport of liquid chemical wastes .
Criteria for assigning carriage requirements for products subject to
Chapter 21
the IBC Code
Appendix Model form of International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage
of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk
Standards and Guidelines relevant to the IBC Code
Q What is Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 vessel as per the IBC code ?
Type 1 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport chapter 17 products with very
severe environmental and safety hazards which require maximum preventive
measures to preclude an escape of such cargo.
The quantity of a cargo required to be carried in a type 1 ship shall not exceed 1,250
m 3 in any one tank.
Distance from side and bottom shell plating B/15

Type 2 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport chapter 17 products with
appreciably severe environmental and safety hazards which require significant
preventive measures to preclude an escape of such cargo.
The quantity of cargo required to be carried in a type 2 ship shall not exceed 3,000 m
3 in any one tank.
Distance at bottom shell plating B/15 and side 760mm.

Type 3 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport chapter 17 products with
sufficiently severe environmental and safety hazards which require a moderate degree
of containment to increase survival capability in a damaged condition.
Thus, a type 1 ship is a chemical tanker intended for the transportation of products
considered to present the greatest overall hazard and type 2 and type 3 for products of
progressively lesser hazards. Accordingly, a type 1 ship shall survive the most severe
standard of damage and its cargo tanks shall be located at the maximum prescribed
distance inboard from the shell plating.
Q What is Permeability ?
Permeability of a space means the ratio of the volume within that space which is
assumed to be occupied by water to the total volume of that space.
Q What is Boiling point ?

Boiling point is the temperature at which a product exhibits a vapor pressure equal to
the atmospheric pressure.
Q What are the dangerous chemicals ?

Dangerous chemicals means any liquid chemicals designated as presenting a safety
hazard, based on the safety criteria for assigning products to chapter 17.
Q What are the NLS ?

Noxious Liquid Substance means any substance indicated in the Pollution Category
column of chapters 17 or 18 of the International Bulk Chemical Code, or the current
MEPC.2/Circular or provisionally assessed under the provisions of regulation 6.3 of
MARPOL Annex II as falling into categories X, Y or Z.
Q What is Purging ?
Purging means the introduction of inert gas into a tank which is already in an inert
condition with the object of further reducing the oxygen content and/or reducing the
existing hydrocarbon or other flammable vapours content to a level below which
combustion cannot be supported if air is subsequently introduced into the tank.
Q What is Gas freeing ?

Gas-freeing means the process where a portable or fixed ventilation system is used to
introduce fresh air into a tank in order to reduce the concentration of hazardous gases
or vapours to a level safe for tank entry.
Q What method are used to gas free ?

Displacement method and Dilution method.
Q Explain displacement and Dilution method.

Displacement Method – inert gas enters from the top of the tank at a low velocity, the
interface of the incoming and outgoing gas must be stable without any turbulence, the
CH gas must escape through suitable piping leading out from the bottom of the tank.
Dilution Method – The inert gas is introduced at a high velocity into the tank to
penetrate to the bottom as CH ha is heavier then inert has or air, to maintain this
velocity least tanks should be diluted at the same time.
Q When Surveys are carried out as per IBC code ?

Initial survey – right after yard delivery
Renewal survey – decided by the flag state but not more than 5 years.
Intermediate Survey – 3months+- 2nd/3rd anniversary
Annual survey -
Q What is Certificate of fitness ?

An International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk
shall be issued after an initial or renewal survey to a chemical tanker engaged in
international voyages which complies with the relevant provisions of the Code.
COF shall be issued for a period specified by the Administration which shall not
exceed 5 years.
Q From where do you get a list of all the compatible cargoes for your vessel ?
From Certificate of Fitness.
Q Explain requirements of Pressure-vacuum valves ?

Shouldn’t have any shutoff valve either on pressure or vacuum side but can have a
bypass arrangement.
PV valves must have a primary and secondary means of venting in case one fails,
Alternatively, the secondary means may consist of pressure sensors fitted in each tank
with a monitoring system in the ship's cargo control room or position from which cargo
operations are normally carried out. Such monitoring equipment shall also provide an
alarm facility which is activated by detection of over-pressure or under-pressure
conditions within a tank.
The position of vent outlets of a controlled tank venting system shall be arranged:
6m above deck or 4 m above catwalk.
Horizontally 10m away from the nearest air intake.
PV valves should vent the air out the air at a speed of 30 meter per second.
PV valves shall come with flame screens.
Q Columns of table in IBC code chapter 17 ?
a Product name
b UN Number Deleted
c Pollution category X, Y, Z as per MARPOL Annex 2
d Hazards “S” – Safety Hazard, “P”-Pollution hazard, “S/P” - Both
e Ship type Type 1, 2 or 3
f Tank type 1, 2 G P
g Tank vents Controlled or open venting
h Tank environmental control
i Electrical equipment
j gauging O-Open, R- Restricted, C- Closed
k Vapour detection
L Fire protection
M Materials of construction
N Emergency equipment
O Specific and operational requirements
Q What is Category X, Y, Z and OS of NLS ?

ISGOTT
Q What is ISGOTT ?
International safety guide for Oil tankers and terminals
Q Latest Edition of ISGOTT ?

Sixth Edition, 2020 Edition
Q Who publishes ISGOTT ?

International Chamber Of Shipping
Q Latest amendments of ISGOTT ?

Enclosed space entry.
Human factors
Safety Management Systems (SMSs), LOTO, Permit to Work, Authority to stop a work
Cargo inspectors.
Bunkering operations, including the use of alternative fuels such as Liquefied Natural
Gas (LNG).
Alternate and Emerging technologies
Q Contents of ISGOTT ?
Part 1 General information
Chapter 1 Basic properties and hazards of petroleum
Chapter 2 Gas evolution and measurement
Chapter 3 Static Electricity
Chapter 4 Managing hazards and risks for ship and terminal
Chapter 5 Fire protection
Chapter 6 Security
Chapter 7 Human factor
Chapter 8 Alternative and emerging technologies
Part 2 Tanker Information
Chapter 9 Management of safety and emergencies
Chapter 10 Enclosed Spaces
Chapter 11 Shipboard Systems
Chapter 12 Shipboard operations
Chapter 13 Carrying and storing hazardous materials
Chapter 14 Special ship Types
Part 3 Marine Technical Information
Chapter 15 Marine terminal Administration
Chapter 16 Marine terminal Operation
Chapter 17 Marine terminal Systems and equipment
Chapter 18 Cargo transfer equipment
Chapter 19 Marine terminal fire protection
Chapter 20 Emergency Preparedness and evacuation
Part 4 Ship/Shore(Tanker/Terminal) Interface
Chapter 21 Communications
Chapter 22 Mooring and berthing
Chapter 23 Tanker and terminal precautions for cargo operations
Chapter 24 Bunkering operation
Chapter 25 Ship/Shore safety Checklist
Q What is explosion proof/flame proof?

Electrical equipment is defined and certified as explosion-proof when it is enclosed in a
case that is capable of withstanding the explosion within it of a HC gas/air mixture or
other specified flammable gas mixture.
It must also prevent the ignition of such a mixture outside the case either by spark or
flame from the internal explosion or as a result of the temperature rise of the case
following the internal explosion.
Q What is Flame arrestor/Flame trap ?

A permeable matrix of metal, ceramic or other heat resistance material that allow
passage of gas but not flame.
Q What is Flame screen ?

Wire woven fabrics or very small mesh. Used to prevent sparks from entering pipes,
tanks etc.
Q What is MSDS ?
Material safety data sheet.
A document identifying a substance and all its constituents and occupational health
and safety information,
It provides the recipient with all necessary information to manage the substance
safely.
Q What all information do you get from MSDS ?

Material identification and description
Ingredients and occupational exposure limits
Physical data
Reactivity data
Health and hazard data
Spill, Leak and disposable procedures
Special protection data
Special precaution and comments
Q What are the contents of MSDS
Q What are VOC ?

Volatile organic compounds have greater vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
Q About Explosimeter, Tankscope, Oxygen analyzer

Explosimeter Tankscope O2 Analyzer
Measures Combustible Gases Conc of CH Oxygen
Unit %LEL % Vol 0-100 0-20.9 % O2
Filament Catalytic filament Non catalytic heated Paramagnetic or
filament. Electro magnetic
Working Chamber having a coil Composition of gas
which burns comb. gases determines the rate
and heats up thus of loss of heat from
changing resistance and the filament which is
unbalances WSB. measured and
changes its
resistance of WSB.
Works in O2 > 11% by vol O2 < 8% by vol Inerted or non
inerted tanks
Used when During Gas freeing Purging/Inerting Start of Gas freeing
To In fresh air with meter at Immerse the probe
calibrate zero by adjustment of in nitrogen or
rheostat. oxygen, Max check
is carried out in air.
Limits Can’t be used in inerted
tanks
Doesn’t indicate presence
of Toxic gases
Sample with high temp
may condense in the
chamber & cools the coil
which may show less
reading
Q Other name for explosimeter ?

Combustible gas detector.
Q Gases covered in multigas detector ?

H2S, CH, O2, CO
Q What is Dräger tube ? What are they used for ?

It is a multi-gas detector, its works on the principle of chemical absorption of the gas to
be detected by a re-agent which gets discolored, different tubes are used for detection
of different gases.
Q What is Threshold limit valve(TLV) ?

The concentration of hazardous substances in air which the workers can be exposed
to repeatedly day after day for a working lifetime without adverse health affects.
Q What are occupational exposure limits ?

OEL are the limits that protects personnel against harmful exposure in the working
environments.
They are set by international bodies, flag states and they are explained in the
company’s SMS.
Expressed in PPM by volume of gas in air or mg per cubic meter.
There are 3 main types of OEL -
Time weighted average(TWA) – Value for exposure of 8 hours workday, 5 days a
1
week.
Short term exposure limits (STEL) – concentration to which workers can be exposed
2 continuously for a short time period(15 min) without suffering from irritation, tissue
damage or reduction in work efficiency.
3 Ceiling value – shouldn't be exceeded at any time.
Q Source of Electrostatic charges in a tank ?

While loading, Tank cleaning – High speed water jet in mist form, similarly while COW
Q Precautions against electrostatic hazards ?

Bond UTI and sampling devices, Sample and ullage after atleast 30 min of settling
time, Samplers and Ullage should be non metallic and non conducting type.(Pg 65)
Remove any loose device that cannot be bonded.
Restrict initial flow to 1 meter per sec at individual tank inlet during the initial stages of
loading until the drop line of any other structure on the base of the tank has been
submerged to twice the drop line diameter and all splashing ans surface turbulence
has ceased,
Restrict flow for either 30 min or twice the volume of pipelines from shore’s tank and
ship’s tank has been received, whichever is lesser.
Drop line should be at the bottom to avoid splash
Do not blow line using compressed air.
Q Why is cargo loaded with 1 m per sec initially ?

At the beginning there are high chances of oil mixing with the water present in
pipelines, oil and water mixture is high potent source of static.
Low speed minimizes turbulence and thus static.
Low speed initially reduces the chances of formation of mists near the nozzles of drop
lines
Some terminals which do not flow meters may spread load ie one small line to serve
several cargo tanks initially.
Q What is static electricity ?
Q What is Inert gas ?

A gas or mixture of gases such as flue gas containing insufficient gas to form a
flammable gas mixtures near the surface of liquid.
Q What are the requirements of Inert gas plant ?

All tankers of 8000DWT and above require an Inert gas plant
O2 content must not be more than 5% of vol while passing and not more than 8%
inside the tank.
Discharge rate in cargo tank is atleast 125% of cargo discharge rate.
Two blowers shall be fitted
Q Why main engine exhaust is not taken as inert gas ?

Because of two reasons
Main engine exhaust has high amounts of oxygen.
Main engine can’t run at port where loading and discharging takes place.
Q What are the advantages of IG ?

Reduce the O2 content
Increase discharge rate
Use for fire fighting.
If pressurized keeps the O2 out.
Prevents Phyrophoric iron sulphide.
Q What is Pyrophoric iron sulphide ?

Sulphide gases from cargo reacts with rust inside the cargo tanks to form Pyrophoric
iron sulphide.
This Pyrophoric iron sulphide reacts explosively with air even in the absence of source
of spark.
Q What are the contents of Inert gas ?

Nitrogen – 83%
CO2 – 12-14%
O2 – 2-4%
Sulphur Dioxide – 50 PPM
Water vapors, soot etc – traces.
Q What are some of the sources of Inert gas ?

Uptakes from boilers
Dedicated IG system
IG from external sources.
Q How to inert tanks ?

There are two ways to inert tanks Dilution and Displacement
Dilution – IG with high velocity at the bottom of the tank, but this way can inert only
one tank at a time.
Displacement – Slow speed IG from top of the tank and air escapes from the bottom,
allows several tanks to be inerted at once.
Q What is IG plant ?
All equipment fitted to supply cool, clean, containing insufficient oxygen to support the
combustion of hydrocarbons.
Q Draw the diagram of an IG plant.
Q What are the components of IG plant ?

1 Exhaust has source
2 Inert has isolating valve
3 Scrubbing tower
4 Demister
5 Blowers
6 IG pressure regulating valve
7 Deck seal
8 Mechanical non return valve
9 Deck isolating valve
10 PV breaker
11 Cargo tank Isolating valve
Q Explain the working of an IG plant

1 Exhaust has source - Taken from exhaust uptakes of boiler or main engine.
2 Inert gas isolating valve - Supply valve between uptake and the rest of the system.
3 Scrubbing tower - Flue gases enters from the bottom and passes through a series of
water sprays and baffle plates to cool, clean and moist the gases, SO2 level
decreases upto 90% and becomes clear.
4 Demister - Normally made of polypopylene, used to absorb moisture and water from
the gas
5 Gas blower - Shall have capacity 1.25 times the pumps discharge capacity.
6 IG pressure regulating valve - The pressure of the tanks varies as per the cargo
level and temperature, to prevent variation and to prevent overheating of blowers this
valve is used. It sends excess pressure back to the scrubbing tower.
7 Deck seal - Stops backflow of the gases from the Inert line on deck to the engine
room.
8 Mechanical Non-return valve - Additional non-return valve
9 Deck Isolating valve - Engine room system can be isolated fully with this valve.
10 PV breaker - Helps in over and under pressurization of tanks.
11 Cargo tank isolating valve - Valve on the branch of the IG for individual tanks
12 Mast riser - Used to maintain positive pressure of inert gas.
Q Your IG plant fails, Action ?
Stop cargo and ballast operation.
Shut deck IG isolating valve
Inform master, E/R and terminal
No ullaging, dipping etc in tanks
Carry out troubleshooting of the IG plant.
Q What are all the Alarms of an IG plant ?

Oxygen content more than 8% alarm
IG temperature high alarm
IG pressure high alarm
Low water level in deck seal Alarm
Blower failure alarm
High water level in flue gas scrubber.
Q What is a deck seal ?

An equipment in the IG line that stops backflow of the gases from the Inert gas line on
deck to the engine room.
Q Different types of deck seal ?
Q What is VECS ?
Vapour Emission Control Systems
The principle behind VECS is that VOC generated in cargo tanks during loading is
returned to the shore terminal for processing, as opposed to being emitted to
atmosphere through the mast riser.
Q What are the dimensions of vapor return line at manifold ?

Q What is flash point ?
Lowest temperature at which liquid gives off enough vapors to form a flammable
mixture near the surface of liquid.
Q What is UFL/UEL and LFL/LEL ?

LFL/LEL – Lower flammable limit or lower explosion limit, The concentration of HC
gases in tank below which there is insufficient HC to support and propagate
combustion.
UFL/UEL - Upper flammable limit or Upper explosion limit, The concentration of HC
gases in tank above which there is insufficient oxygen to support and propagate
combustion.
Q UFL & LFL is same or different for various cargoes ?

Different for different cargoes
Q From where do you get UFL and LFL of a cargo ?

From MSDS.
Q Define flammable range

The range of HC has concentrations in air between the LEL and UEL, mixtures within
this rannge are capable of being ignited and of burning.
Q What is Flammability diagram ?
A graph with O2 %vol on X axis and HC %Vol on y axis and with the flammable range
of the cargo highlighted.
Q Draw flammability diagram.
Q Explain flammability diagram

HF is purge line
B is fresh air
D is LEL
Q Why are tanks purged before gas freeing ?

If the concentration of HC is reduced below 5% before gas freeing the mixture does
not come into the flammable range at any point while the fresh air is being introduced
into the tank.
Q Why the line DC is slanted and not straight ?

The line DC is slanted because in the graph the Values of HC and O2 is plotted for
%vol so if the %vol of O2 decreases the %vol of HC increases and vice versa
Q What all is there in the Ship-Shore safety checklist ?

Mooring arrangement is adequate
Effective communication is there between the ship and shore
Smoking and open lights are restricted
Firefighting equipment is ready ?
Spill equipment are in ready condition
Manifolds are properly connected and lineup is checked
Samplings protocol agreed
Cargo tank cleaning req, COW agreed ?
Emergency and shutdown procedures, agreed ?
Fire pendants are rigged and ETA is in ready condition ?
Drip trays are empty and clean.
Cargo tank high level alarms are functional
Q What is A,P and R in Ship-Shore safety checklist ?

A- Agreement between ship and shore
P-Permission from shore
R-Re-check
Q What are the certificates in ISGOTT ?

TANKERS
Q Can you load a container on a tanker ?
No, because the tanker doesn’t have a CSS and arrangements to lash containers.
Q Safety parameters of IG
Deck seal, Mechanical non return value, PV valves, PV breaker, Mast raiser.
Q What are the primary and secondary means of venting ?

If Mast raiser is primary then PV valve is secondary
If PV valve is primary then Pressure sensors are secondary.
PV Breaker are NOT a means of venting.
Q Why PV breaker ain’t a means of venting ?

Because the PV breaker is not connected to the individual tank
Q What are the hazards of chemical tankers ?

Fire Hazard
Explosion Hazard
Health Hazards
Q What are PV valves ?

Equipment that save the cargo tanks from over-pressurization during loading and
under-pressurization during discharging.
Every tanks have their individual PV valves.
Q What were the settings of PV value and pressure sensors on your vessel ?
PV Valve Lifting Pressure Pressure Sensor Settings
Pressure 2000 mmWG 2200 MMWG
Vacuum -350 mmWG 100 mmWG
Q Draw PV valves from your vessel

Q What is PV breaker ?
An equipment that saves the cargo tanks and IG line from over and under
pressurization.
It is connected commonly to the IG line.
Q What were the settings for PV breaker on your vessel ?

Pressure +2500WG, Vacuum -700mmWG
Q Draw PV Breaker from your ship
Q Precaution of PV breaker against cold climates ?

Add anti freeze in water.
Q If at sea the pressure of the tank increases or decreases, Your action ?

Operate the bypass of PV valve.
Q What is cold work ?

Work which cannot create a source of ignition.
Q Types of cargo pipelines systems

There are types of cargo pipelines systems
Free flow system, Direct line system and ring main system.
Free flow Direct line Ring main
Used in large crude carriers Used in VLCC Used o product carriers
Used in vessels that carry only Carry two or three Carry several different
one grade of cargo grades of cargo parcels
Large gate valve built in the Simple lines leading
bulkhead in the tanks
Due to straight length
Due to number of bends,
Stern trim cause the oil to flow of pipelines there is
joints and valves it takes
to the aftermost tank better suction and
longer time.
less loss of pressure
Suction main cargo pump Fewer valves and Due to the number of bends,
situated in aft. bends means less joints and valves means
erosion and leaks more erosion and leaks
Less maintenance More maintenance
Through washing of
line is not possible
Through washing of line is
unless the washing
possible without flushing into
are flushed into the
the tank
tank and discharged
from there.
Due to fewer valves
leaks are difficult to
control
Required two valve
Valve segregation not
segregation between
provided
products
The initial cost of
The initial cost of fitting is
fitting in less than ring
higher.
main system.
Q Precautions while entering Pumproom ?

Thoroughly ventilated
Oxygen content verified
Checked for toxic gases.
PR entry permit formed
Risk assessment done
Entry and exit times shall be noted
PR shall be well lit
VHF communication established.
Q What is Crude Oil Washings

Crude oil washing is washing out the residue from the oil tanker using the crude oil
cargo itself, after the cargo tanks have been emptied. Crude oil is pumped back and
preheated in the slop tanks, then sprayed back via high pressure nozzles in the cargo
tanks onto the walls of the tank.
Maximum cargo discharge
Reduces the build up of sludge
Minimizes the quantity of water washing during tank cleaning.
Minimizes the amount of crude in the sea of heavy ballast.
Stripping time reduced as the sludge is removed
Q What precautions will you take prior to crude oil washings ?

The terminal must be informed well in advanced
IG plant must be running continuously
Positive pressure must be maintained in tank
Tanks must be purged
Slop tank levels must be checked regularly
Valves and proper line up to be checked.
Q How will you prepare your tanks for next parcel ?
Q Action in the case of Oil spill ?

Immediately close the scuppers
Stop loading and check the tank and its sounding pipe and vent position.
Muster everyone and carry out their respective oil spill duties.
Use SOPEP equipment.
Lower the quantity of the tank by transferring the oil in another tank
Put saw dust and collect the oil in 200L drum.
Master must report the incident and call up a meeting to discuss to accident.
Q What is a Wall wash test ?

It is carried out on chemical tankers after tank washings to determine the acidic
content of tank bulkheads. The bulkhead washing samples are collected and after that
H2SO4 or HNO3 is added to the solution, The change in color of solution gives the
concentration.
Q What is Topping off ?

To fill the cargo tank upto required ullage.
Q What is topping up ?
To increase the pressure of inert gas inside the tank.
Q How to decide which tanks are first topped off ?

The tanks which are to be filled 95-98% are topped off first.
Q Is it mandatory for tankers to carry loading instruments(loadicator) ?

Nope, There is no statutory requirement for tankers to carry a loadicator
It is compulsory only for bulk carriers as per SOLAS chapter 12.
However, Class may require tankers > 100m to carry loadicators.
Q Double valve segregation in pump room ?

Necessary to prevent contamination when carrying two or more grades of cargo.
Q What are the pump room entry procedure ?

Pump room to be thoroughly ventilated and the ventilation is running all the time
throughout the entry.
O2 content checked and presence of HC and toxic gases checked.
Made sure that the pump room is well lit.
Risk assessment carried out.
Pump room entry checklist followed
Communication with CCR established
Entry is recorded.
Q What all is there in pump room entry checklist ?
Q Tanker tank cleaning process ?

Refer to Shell tank cleaning chart
Purge the tank and maintain positive IG pressure
SW cycle
Hot FW Cycle
Gas freeing
Mop and Dry
Tank Inspection
Inerting for next cargo.
Q What all cargoes you have carried ?

ULSD, Naptha, Palm Oil.
Q Hazards of USLD, NAPTHA and Palm Oil

Q Precautions for USLD, NAPTHA and Palm Oil
USLD
NAPTHA
Palm Oil
Q What is Ullage ?
Vertical distance between the top of the tank and the surface of liquid.
Q Precautions you will take while ullaging.
Q What is an UTI ? How does it work ?
Q What is SIRE ? OCIMF ? Vetting ?
Q What is a mast raiser ?
Q What certificates are required for Bitumen tankers ?
Q How will you take over a cargo watch on a Tanker ?
Q What all will you do in your watch in tankers ?
Q Where do you get ship shore safety checklist ? Does your company’s differ from
ISGOTT ?
Q Certificates carried on a chemical tankers ?
Q What all is there in the Pre arrival checklist ?
Q What is BLEVE ?
Boiling liquid evaporation vapour explosion, When fire takes places in a tank, at a point
after the bulk of the cargo evaporates away and because of it the remaining vapours in
the tank burns with a violent explosion.
Q What is MARPOL line ?
Small diameter discharge line used to discharge last part of cargo, dia 10% of main
cargo discharge line
Connection of MARPOL line for discharge ashore should be after main manifold valve.
GAS CARRIERS
Q What is diffrence between LPG and LNG ?
Q Types of Gas Carriers ?
Q Properties of propane ?
Q How do you load Propane ?
Q What are the precautions while loading Propane ?
Q Precautions against fire in gas carriers ?
Q Reliquification Plant on gas carrier ?
Q Inerting procedure in gas carriers ?
Q Pre-Arrival preparation in gas carriers ?

MARPOL
Q What is MARPOL ?
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
Q Why is it called 73/78 ?

Because it was adopted in 73 and modified by the protocols of 78
Q Latest edition of MARPOL ?

MARPOL Consolidated Edition 2022
Q MARPOL latest amendments ?
Q Contents of MARPOL
1 Introduction
2 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973
3 Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution
from Ships, 1973
4 Protocol I: Provisions concerning reports on incidents involving harmful substances
5 Protocol II: Arbitration
6 Protocol of 1997 to amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution
from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto
MARPOL ANNEX 1
MARPOL ANNEX 2
MARPOL ANNEX 3
MARPOL ANNEX 4
MARPOL ANNEX 5
MARPOL ANNEX 6
Q Names of all the annexes ?

ANNEX 1-Regulations for the prevention of pollution by oil
ANNEX 2-Regulations for the CONTROL of pollution by noxious liquid substances in
bulk
ANNEX 3-Regulations for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by
sea in packaged form
ANNEX 4-Regulations for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships
ANNEX 5-Regulations for the prevention of pollution by garbage from ships
ANNEX 5-Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships
Q When were the MARPOL Annexes adopted ?

Annex 1 - 1983
Annex 2 - 1987
Annex 3 - 1992
Annex 4 - 2003
Annex 5 - 1988
Annex 6 - 2005
Q What are the certificates as per MARPOL
Q Define “Pollution” as per MARPOL(Hint – Due to human error)

Introduction of pollutants into the atmosphere that are harmful for the environment, sea
life and human life due to a human error.
Q Define Oil
Oil means petroleum products including crude oil or its derivatives other than those
covered by Annex II.
Q Define Crude Oil

Naturally occurring hydrocarbon liquid mixture.
Q Define “Oily Mixture”
Q What is Special area for Annex 1

Special area means a sea area where for recognized technical reasons in relation to
its oceanographical and ecological condition and to the particular character of its traffic
the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution by oil is
required.
The Mediterranean Sea
The Baltic Sea
The Black Sea
The Red Sea
the Gulfs
the Gulf of Aden
the Antarctic area
the North West European waters
Q What is Slop tank ?

Slop tank means a tank specifically designated for the collection of tank drainings, tank
washings and other oily mixtures.
Q What is clean ballast ?

Clean ballast means the ballast in a tank which, since oil was last carried therein, has
been so cleaned that effluent therefrom if it were discharged from a ship which is
stationary into clean calm water on a clear day would not produce visible traces of oil
on the surface of the water or on adjoining shorelines or cause a sludge or emulsion to
be deposited beneath the surface of the water or upon adjoining shorelines.
Q What is segregated Ballast ?

Segregated ballast means the ballast water introduced into a tank which is completely
separated from the cargo oil and oil fuel system and which is permanently allocated to
the carriage of ballast or to the carriage of ballast or cargoes other than oil or noxious
liquid substances as variously defined in the Annexes of the present Convention.
Q What is IOPP certificate ? Who issues it ? What is its validity? It is applicable on which
vessels ? What all is surveyed in the inspection ?
It is International Oil Pollution Prevention certificate
It is issued by Flag state,after initial survey and renewal survey.
Its validity is decided by the flag state but it shouldn't be more than 5 years.
It is applicable on Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above, and every other
ship of 400 gross tonnage and above.
Structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material of the vessel.
Q What are the supplements of IOPP certificate ?

The supplement of IOPP certificate are the records of construction and equipment
FORM A – For ships other than tankers
FORM B – For tankers
Q Oil discharge criteria Outside special area for machinery spaces
1 The ship is proceeding en route;
2 The oily mixture is processed through the OWS.
3 The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 ppm;
4 The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump-room bilges on oil tankers; and
5 The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
6 Discharge in Antarctic shall be prohibited.
Q Oil discharge criteria Inside special area for machinery spaces

Same as Outside special area only that the OWS shall be fitted that raises and alarm
and stops the discharge when the oil contents and effluents are more than 15 PPM.
Remember E/R can discharge even inside special area but not Deck.
Q Define Enroute.
Q Can you discharge E/R bilges at anchor ?

No, the vessel needs to be en route to discharge.
Q What is the function of an OWS ?
Q E/R Emergency bilge discharge criteria and emergency equipment related to that ?
Q What is ORB Part 1 ?

ORB part 1 is only for E/R for Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above and
every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above.
It shall be preserved for atleast 3 years.
Q What is ORB part 2 ?

Oil Record Book Part II – Cargo/ballast operations
Every Oil tanker > 150 GRT shall carry.
Q What are the entries to be made in ORB Part 1 ?

Entry shall be everytime when -
Ballasting and cleaning of fuel oil tanks.
Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks.
Discharged overboard
Bunkering.
Failure of OWS
Q What are the entries to be made in ORB Part 2 ?

Entries to be made when -
Loading of oil cargo
Internal transfer of oil cargo during voyage;
unloading of oil cargo
ballasting of cargo tanks and dedicated clean ballast tanks;
cleaning of cargo tanks including crude oil washing
discharge of ballast except from segregated ballast tanks;
discharge of water from slop tanks;
closing of all applicable valves or similar devices after slop tank discharge operations;
disposal of residues
accidental discharge
Failure of ODMCS
Q Why entries are made in ORB ?

To prevent oil pollution
Q Can you carry ballast water in Fuel oil tanks ? What if it is carried anyways for some
reason ?
Nope, As per Annex 1, Regulation 16 para 1,
Then that ballast water is dirty and it shouldn't be discharged and only be landed to
shore reception and entry to be made in oil record book.
Q Can oil be carried in FPK tank ?

Nope, As per Annex 1, Regulation 16, para 3, no oils can be carried in tanks for’d of
collision bulkhead.
Q Can you carry ballast water in cargo tanks ?

Yes, if weather is very rough and master deem it necessary for the safety of the
vessel.
Such additional ballast water shall be processed and discharged in compliance with
regulation 34 of this Annex and an entry shall be made in the Oil Record Book Part II
referred to in regulation 36 of this Annex.
And in other exceptional cases.
Q Requirement of Slop tanks ?

Adequate means shall be provided to transfer dirty ballast and tank washings from
cargo tanks to be transferred into slop tanks.
Total capacity of slop tanks – 3% of vessel’s oil carrying capacity.
70,000 tonnes deadweight and above delivered after 31 December 1979, shall have
atleast 2 slop tanks.
Design of slop tanks shall be such that they avoid excess turbulence in oil – water
emulsion.
Q What is ODMCS ?
Oil discharge monitoring and control system
Q Specification of ODMCS ?
Oil tankers > 150 GRT, shall have an ODMCS.
The system shall be fitted with a recording device to provide a continuous record of the
discharge in litres per nautical mile and total quantity discharged, or the oil content and
rate of discharge along with a time stamp.
These records shall be maintained for atleast 3 years.
The oil discharge monitoring and control system shall come into operation when there
is any discharge of effluent into the sea and shall be such as will ensure that any
discharge of oily mixture is automatically stopped when the instantaneous rate of
discharge of oil exceeds that permitted.
Any failure of this monitoring and control system shall stop the discharge.
Q List of alarms in ODMCS ?

whenever the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil exceeds 30 litres per nautical
mile
when the total quantity of oil discharged reaches 1/30,000∗ of the previous cargo;
in the event of failure of the system’s operation
Q Parts of ODMCS ?
Flow meter
Sample inlet
Sample outlet
Analyzing unit
Converting unit
Computer unit
Overboard valve
Slop return valve
Q Lineup of ODMCS
Q Discharge criteria as per annex 1 for cargo outside special area
The tanker is not within a special area;
the tanker is more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest land;
the tanker is proceeding en route;
the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does not exceed 30 L per nautical
mile;
Not more than 1/30K of total quantity of the cargo of which the residue formed a part
of;
The tanker must have a ODMCS and slop tank arrangement;
Q Discharge criteria for annex 1 inside special area.

Totally prohibited.
But can discharge clean and segregated ballast.
Remember E/R can discharge even inside special area but not Deck.
Q What is Instantaneous rate of discharge ? What are the factors effecting it ?

Instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content" means the rate of discharge of oil in
litres per hour at any instant divided by the speed of the ship in knots at the
same instant
Q What is SOPEP ? What all vessels are supposed to carry it ?

Shipboard oil pollution emergency plan
Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above and every ship other than an oil
tanker of 400 gross tonnage and above shall carry on board a shipboard oil pollution
emergency plan approved by the Administration.
Q What shall a SOPEP consist of ?

1 Procedure to report an oil pollution incident.
2 The list of authorities or persons to be contacted in the event of an oil pollution incident
3 A detailed description of the action to be taken immediately by persons on board to
reduce or control the discharge of oil following the incident
4 the procedures and point of contact on the ship for co-ordinating shipboard action with
national and local authorities in combating the pollution.
Q What are the Plans and drawings in SOPEP Plan?

1 General Arrangement Plan
2 Midship Section Plan
3 Fuel Oil Piping and Pumping Plan
4 Damage Stability Data
5 Listing of ship to ship transfer equipment and fittings.
6 Shell expansion plan
Q What happens to SOPEP if vessel also carries Annex 2 cargo ?

Then the SOPEP must be combined with SMPEP.
In this case, the title of shall be “SMPEP”.
Q How to make a correction to SOPEP ?

Corrections to the plans must be submitted to the coast guard for approval or for
information
Amendments to personnel and telephone numbers in the Plan do not require prior
approval but must be listed in RECORD OF CHANGES of this Plan.
Any changes to the Plan required by the Coast Guard must be entered in the Plan and
listed in RECORD OF CHANGES(The first page of SOPEP).
Q SOPEP drill frequency ?

Every 3 months.
Q What are the equipment in SOPEP ?

Equipment Quantity
1 Oil Spill dispersant chemical (25L) 11 Cans
2 Saw Dust 5KG 11 Bags
3 Plastic Shovel 25 Pieces

4 Splash Suit set with Gum Boots 1 Set
5 Chemical spray machine 1
6 Oil Booms 76 pieces

7 Oil absorbent pads 100 Pieces
8 Slop Drums 200L 5 drums

9 Welden pump with suction and discharge hose 1 set
Q SOPEP is designed for how much quantity of oil ?

On my ship we had 5 drums of 200 L so I am guessing 1000L ?
Q How to see if you vessel if Crude oil carrier or a product carrier ?

We can see it in the IOPP certificate.
Q Does this annex cover oily rags ?

No, it is cover by Annex 5
Q Does Annex 1 covers Cooking Oil ?

No, It comes under Annex 5
Q What are the documents as per Annex 1

IOPP certificate
COW manual
ODMCS manual
OWS manual
STS manual
ORB part 1 and part 2(In case of tankers)
SOPEP manual
Q Oil spill from bunker barge, Your action ?
Q You see bunker tanks overflow, your action ?
Q Action in case oil goes overboard.

Inform the nearest coast authority
Take measures to contain the oil by using an oil boom
Take measures to not further spill the oil
Use oil spill dispersant chemical only if port state allows it.
Contact 24 hour oil spill response organization
Make entry in bridge log book, E/R log book and oil record book.
Q What is MARPOL Annex 2 ?

Regulations for the control of pollution by noxious liquid substances in bulk
Q Why “control” and not “prevention” ?
Q Special area as per Annex 2 ?

Only Antarctic, and discharge there is prohibited.
Q What is clean ballast as per Annex 2 ?

Clean ballast means ballast water carried in a tank which, since it was last used to
carry a cargo containing a substance in category X, Y or Z, has been thoroughly
cleaned and the residues resulting therefrom have been discharged and the tank
emptied in accordance with the appropriate requirements of this Annex.
Q What is Segregated ballast as per Annex 2 ?

Segregated ballast means ballast water introduced into a tank permanently allocated
to the carriage of ballast or cargoes other than oil or noxious liquid substances as
variously defined in the Annexes of the present Convention, and which is completely
separated from the cargo and oil fuel system.
Q What is Noxious liquid substance ?

Noxious liquid substance means any substance indicated in the Pollution Category
column of chapter 17 or 18 of the International Bulk Chemical Code or provisionally
assessed under the provisions of regulation 6.3 as falling into category X, Y or Z.
Q What is a chemical tanker ?

Chemical tanker means a ship constructed or adapted for the carriage in bulk of any
liquid product listed in chapter 17 of the International Bulk Chemical Code.
Q What is NLS tanker ?

NLS tanker means a ship constructed or adapted to carry a cargo of noxious liquid
substances in bulk and includes an “oil tanker” as defined in Annex I of the present
Convention when certified to carry a cargo or part cargo of noxious liquid substances
in bulk.
Q What is category X, Y, Z and OS as per Annex 2 ?

Category X: Noxious liquid substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank
cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a major hazard to either
marine resources or human health and, therefore, justify the prohibition of the
discharge into the marine environment;
Category Y: Noxious liquid substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank
cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a hazard to either marine
resources or human health or cause harm to amenities or other legitimate uses of the
sea and therefore justify a limitation on the quality and quantity of the discharge into
the marine environment;
Category Z: Noxious liquid substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank
cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a minor hazard to either
marine resources or human health and therefore justify less stringent restrictions on
the quality and quantity of the discharge into the marine environment;
Other substances: Substances indicated as OS (Other Substances) in the pollution
category column of chapter 18 of the International Bulk Chemical Code which have
been evaluated and found to fall outside category X, Y or Z as defined in regulation 6.1
of this Annex because they are, at present, considered to present no harm to marine
resources, human health, amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea when
discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operations. The discharge
of bilge or ballast water or other residues or mixtures containing only substances
referred to as “Other Substances” shall not be subject to any requirements of the
Annex.
Q What is IPPC ?
International Pollution Prevention Certificate for the Carriage of Noxious Liquid
Substances in Bulk
Q How much cargo can you retain as per Annex 2

Cat X ,Y and Z – 75L
Q Specification of annex 2 UW discharge ?

The underwater discharge outlet (or outlets) shall be located within the cargo area in
the vicinity of the turn of the bilge and shall be so arranged as to avoid the re-intake of
residue/water mixtures by the ship’s seawater intakes.
The underwater discharge outlet arrangement shall be such that the residue/water
mixture discharged into the sea will not pass through the ship’s boundary layer.
Q Slop tank specification for annex 2 ?
Although this Annex does not require the fitting of dedicated slop tanks, slop tanks
may be needed for certain washing procedures. Cargo tanks may be used as slop
tanks.
Q Discharge criteria for Annex 2 cargo.

1 Before prewash or discharging tank shall be max emptied at the discharge port
For cat X cargos, after discharging the max, the tanks should be prewashed and the
prewash should be given to shore and our tanks should be inspected by Surveyors for
emptiness.
2 Enroute speed – min 7 Kn for barges 4 Kn.
3 Discharged from an UW discharge.
4 Min 12 miles from the nearest land and min depth 25 m.
Only Antarctic is the special area, and discharge there is prohibited.
Q Can you carry out the ventilation of Annex 2 cargoes ?

Yes,
Q Discharge criteria of additive or chemicals used for tank washing ?

It should be treated as if they were either Annex 1 or Annex 2 cargo accordingly.
Q What is P&A Manual ?

The purpose of the P & A Manual is to identify for the ship’s officers the physical
arrangements and all the operational procedures with respect to cargo handling, tank
cleaning, slops handling and cargo tank ballasting and deballasting which must be
followed in order to comply with the requirements of Annex II.
Every ship certified to carry substances of category X, Y or Z shall have this on board.
Q What are the contents of P&A Manual ?

1 Main features of MARPOL Annex II
2 Description of the ship’s equipment and arrangements
3 Cargo unloading procedures and tank stripping
Procedures relating to the cleaning of cargo tanks,
4
the discharge of residues, ballasting and deballasting
5 Information and procedures.
Q What are the Plans for the P& A Manual ?

GA plan
Capacity Plan
Pumping arrangement
Ship specific information plans
Q Equipment required as per P & A manual .

Q What is cargo record book ?
Vessels carrying annex 2 shall carry this.
Q What all entries are made in Cargo record book ?
Q What is SMPEP ?
Shipboard marine pollution emergency plan for noxious liquid substances
Every ship of 150 gross tonnage and above certified to carry noxious liquid substances
in bulk shall carry on board.
The consists of -
The procedure to be followed by the master or other persons having charge of the ship
to report a noxious liquid substances pollution incident
The list of authorities or persons to be contacted in the event of a noxious liquid
substances pollution incident;
A detailed description of the action to be taken immediately by persons on board to
reduce or control the discharge of noxious liquid substances following the incident.
The procedures and point of contact on the ship for co-ordinating shipboard action with
national and local authorities in combating the pollution.
Q Difference between SMPEP and SOPEP.
Q Documents as per MARPOL ANNEX II ?

IPPC
SMPEP
DOC
Cargo Record Book
P&A Manual
Q What is MARPOL ANNEX III ?

Regulations for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in
packaged form
Q What is harmful substance ?

“harmful substances” are those substances which are identified as marine pollutants in
the IMDG
Q What is MARPOL Annex IV ?

Regulations for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships
Q What is Sewage ?
Drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets and urinals
Drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bay, etc.) via wash basins, wash
tubs and scuppers located in such premises;
Q Vessels this annex IV apply to ?
New Ships of 400 GRT and more
New Ships of 400 GRT or less that carried more than 15 persons.
Q What is ISPP certificate ?

International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate
Q What all systems are required by the ANNEX IV ?

Sewage treatment plant – type approved
Sewage disinfection and comminuting plant - type approved
Holding tank – its capacity to be decided by the administration depending upon the
operations of ship and no of people.
Q What should be the capacity of the holding tank ?

its capacity to be decided by the administration depending upon the operations of ship
and no of people.
Q Discharge criteria for annex 4 ?

More than 3 Nm – When Comminuted and Disinfected from type approved system
More than 12 Nm – Otherwise
Sewage should have been through type approved sewage treatment plant.
Discharge shouldn’t produce floating solids or cause discoloration of the surrounding
water.
Enroute, not instantaneous but normal, speed min 4 knots, rate by administrator.
Q Special area as per Annex 4 ? Discharge criteria for special area

Baltic sea
Prohibited, unless vessel has a type approved sewage treatment plant, the kind that
removes Nitrogen and Phosphorous from the sewage.
Q Discharge connection for Sewage ?

Both side of the ship, open to deck
Outer dia - 210 mm,
inner dia – according to pipe,
Bolt circle dia – 170mm
Slots – 4*18mm
nuts - 16mm
Flange – 16mm thickness steel
Q What is MARPOL Annex V ?

Regulations for the prevention of pollution by garbage from ships
Q Define garbage
Garbage means all kinds of victual, domestic and operational waste excluding fresh
fish and parts thereof, generated during the normal operation of the ship.
Q Define Sludge
Q What is special area for ANNEX V ?

Special area means a sea area where for recognized technical reasons in relation to
its oceanographical and ecological condition and to the particular character of its traffic
the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution by
garbage is required.
Med
Baltic
Black
Red
Gulf
North Sea
Wider Caribbean Region
Q List all the categories of Garbage alphabet wise as per your last vessel’s GRB
A - Plastic
B – Food waste
C – Domestic Waste – Glass, Metal, rags, paper etc.
D – Cooking Oil
E – Incinerator Ash
F – Operational waste
G – Animal Carcass
H – Fishing Gear
I – Electronic Waste
Q Discharge criteria outside special area

Plastic – Prohibited everywhere
Dunnage, Lining and Packing materials which will float – 25 Nm
Paper, Rags, Glass, Metal, Bottles, Crockery and similar refuse - Prohibited
Food NOT comminuted– 12 Nm
but when comminuted to 25 mm – 3 Nm
When the garbage is mixed with other discharges having different disposal or
discharge requirements the more stringent requirements shall apply.
Q Discharge criteria Inside special area

Plastic - Prohibited
paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery, dunnage, lining and packing
materials - Prohibited
Food waste
NOT comminuted - prohibited
Comminuted to 25 mm – 12 Nm,
Q Documents for Annex V ?

Every ship of 12 m or more in length overall shall display placards which notify the
crew and passengers of the disposal.
Every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above, and every ship which is certified to carry
15 persons or more, shall carry a garbage management plan.
Every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above and every ship which is certified to carry
15 persons or more engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals shall have a
garbage record book.
Q Can you throw cargo hold bilge water overboard ?
Q Criteria to discharge the Bulk cargo wash water and bulk cargo residue ?
Q Garbage record books ?

GRB Part 1 is for all ships; GRB Part 2 is for bulk cargo residues
Q What entries are made in Garbage record book ?
Q What is a Garbage Management Plan ?
Q How will you implement Garbage management plan on your new ship ?
Dedicate a garbage collection area on your ship
Dedicate various bins for various different categories of garbage as per the GMP
Bins shall be marked with the category of garbage and their cubic capacities
Garbage area and galley and common places should have all the MARPOL Annex V
posters.
Stencil the garbage categories on the bulkhead near the garbage collection area
Hold a meeting with the crew explaining them the GMP.
Start a garbage record book.
Q What is MARPOL Annex VI

Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships
Q What are emission control area ?

ECA means an area where the adoption of special mandatory measures for emissions
from ships is required to prevent, reduce and control air pollution from NOx or SOx
and particulate matter or all three types of emissions and their attendant adverse
impacts on human health and the environment.
Q What is SECA area ?

Sulphur Emission Control Area
Q List the SECA areas
Baltic Sea
North Sea
North America
Most of US and Canadian Coast
Caribbean area including Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands
Q Latest SECA area ?

Baltic and North Sea 2021
Q How would you control emission of SOx gases in SECA areas ?

Sulphur content should be within limits
Exhaust cleaning system to reduce SOX to 6 grams per kilowatt hour
Q When do you carry out the Fuel changeover.
Q What is HFO and LSMDO ?

Heavy fuel oil, Low sulphur marine diesel oil.
Q What are the contents of HFO ?
Q What is the criteria for the control of NOx gases as per MARPOL Annex VI, (all Tiers)
Tier I – Ships constructed after 1 jan 2000 and before 01 Jan 2011
Tier 2 – Ships constructed after 1 jan 2010 and before 01 Jan 2016
Tier 3 – Ships constructed after 1 jan 2016
Q What is IAPPC ?
International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate.
400 gross tonnage and above.
Q What are the contents of IAPPC ?
Q Controls from Emission from Ship ?

Ships constructed on/after 19 May 2005 Ozone depleting substances prohibited but
HCFC not prohibited
Ships constructed on or after 1 January 2020 ,
Ship construction date Remarks
Installation that contains
on/after 19 May 2005 Ozone depleting substances prohibited
but HCFC not prohibited
on or after 1 January 2020 Even HCFC prohibited
Each ship shall maintain a list of equipment containing ozone-depleting substances
and only land them to shore reception facilities.
Q What are the SOX req ?

Outside ECA 0.5% m/m after 2020, 3.5% m/m before 2020
Inside ECA 0.1% m/m after 2015 and
ECA for SOX is baltic sea, North America and port areas
Q VOC specification
A tanker carrying crude oil shall have on board and implement a VOC management
plan approved by the Administration.
Q Substance prohibited to incinerate.

Annex 1, 2 and 3 cargoes
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Garbage,as defined by Annex V, containing more than traces of heavy metals;
refined petroleum products containing halogen compounds
Sewage sludge and sludge oil either of which is not generated on board the ship;
Exhaust gas cleaning system residues
PVCs
Q What all certificates are required as per MARPOL Annex VI

ISPPC, EEDI, SEEMP
Q What is SEEMP ?
Q What is EEDI ?
Q Name 5 Gases covered by MARPOL Annex VI ?

SOx, Nox, ODS, VOC
Q What is different between a special area and a PSSA ?

BWM PLAN
Q What is BMW Convention?
International convention for controlling and management of ships’s ballast water and
sediments.
Adopted 13 Feb 2014 and forced 8 Sept 2017
Q What is the aim of BWM ?

To prevent the harmful and evasive aquatic organisms from migrating from one region
to another by establishing standards and procedures for the management and control
of ship’s ballast water and its sediments.
Q BWM applies on which vessels ?

All ships including floating platform, floating crafts, submersible , FSUs and FPSOs
Does not apply to Warships, auxiliary naval ships, vessel not designed to carry ballast,
vessels having permanent ballast or sealed tanks.
Q Documents of BWM ?
All vessel above 400 GRT are required to carry -
1 An approved ballast water management plan
2 A ballast water record book
3 Type approval certificate or ships fitted with ballast water treatment plant
4 An international ballast water management certificate or statement of compliance.
Q 2 Standards of BMW ?
D1 and D2 standard
D1 - BW exchange standard
D2 – Performance standard – Specifies max amount of organisms allowed to be
discharged.
8 Sept 2017 – All existing ships –D1 standard and All New ships D2 standard
By 2024 – All ships to be D2
Q D1 standard ?
Q D2 standard ?
CONVENTIONS AND SHIT
Q What is IMO ?
International Maritime Organization established 1948 in Geneva and came into force
1958, has a head office in London.
Specialize agency of UN for safety and security of ships and to prevent marine
pollution from ships.
Q What is the purpose of IMO ?

To create a regulatory framework for shipping which is fair and effective, universally
adopted and universally implemented
It makes sure that majority of convention are kept up to date
At present there are 50 conventions and numerous protocols and amendments.
Q Who are the members of the IMO ?
Q What is the structure of IMO ?

Assembly Council Committee
MSC – Maritime safety
Made of member states
Elected by the assembly committee – COLREG,
that meets once in 2 year
SAR, Nav Aids
MPEC – Maritime
environmental protection
Total 175 member states committee pollution
Member of 40 members
and 3 associated states adoption, amendments,
convention and other
regulation
Approval of work Prepare budget Legal committee
Work program for
budget Technical committee
assembly
Facilitation committee –
Supervises the working of
Financial arrangement Eliminate unnecessary
the organisation
formalities.
Q What are 4 basic pillars of IMO ? (Alternatively – What are the safety conventions of
IMO)
1 STCW
2 MARPOL
3 SOLAS
4 MLC
Q What are the 5 instruments of IMO ?

1 Conventions
2 Protocols
3 Resolutions
4 Codes
5 Non Mandatory provisions such as guidelines.
Q What is a convention ?
It is a framework of an agreement between the countries brought after an incident or
scientific research.
Some example of conventions are STCW , MARPOL, SOLAS etc
Q What is a regulation ?
Technical provisions of a convention
Q What is a Protocol ?
Protocol is a modification to react quickly after a serious incident for a convention that
has been adopted by not yet brought into force.
Q What is a Code ?
Gives specific technical requirements for the convention
Can be compulsory or recommendatory
Can be a standalone code or a part of convention
Q What is an amendment ?
Changes that improves the context in the regulation of a convention.
Q What is a resolution ?
Amendments made by council, committees and sub committees for a convention
which are brought by resolutions by IMO.
Q What is Treaty ?
It is a written international agreement between two or more states and bound by
international law
Q How does a convention comes into existence ?

In 5 steps
1 Proposed – by contracting government
2 Reviewed – by IMO
3 Adopted – by IMO first
4 Finally accepted – by member states
5 Fixed – the time of acceptance and date
Q What does MEPC 786(12) stands for ?

MEPC – Name of the committee that passed this resolution
786 – The resolution number
12 – The session in which it was adopted.
Q Difference between a code and a convention.
Q What are MS notices ? Who issues MS notices ? Latest MS notice ?
Q What is Merchant Shipping Act ?
Q What is the AIM of the Merchant Shipping Act ?
Q Merchant shipping Act applies on what all vessels ?
Q Difference between MS notice and MS rules, give examples of both.
Q What are the latest MS notices ?
Q Who issues MS notices ?

DG shipping
Q Name any 5 conventions
Q One example of a code which is not mandatory
Q What is FUND convention ?
Q What is FAL convention ?

Convention of facilitation of international maritime traffic, purpose is to simplify the
documentation procedures of loading and unloading and minimize formalities.
Q What all documents are there in the FAL convention ?

General declaration
Maritime declaration
Cargo declaration
Ship-Shore declaration
Crew effects
Crew list
Passanger list
Q What is SUA convention ?
Q Vessel in dry dock, anti fouling paint is being applied what will you do ?
Refer to International convention on control of harmful anti fouling system on ships
Q What is OPA-99
Q What is UNCLOS ?
United nations convention on the law of the sea
Q What is a classification society ?

The organisation are a neutral 3rd party organisation that carry out surveys and
inspection to support the insurancer in accordance with the rules and regulation
enforced by the administrator.
The main services offered by the classification societies are
1 Classification of ships
2 Inspections of ship structure
3 Carry out compulsory certification
4 Check or inspect lifting gear
5 Check engineering system
6 Advisory service
7 Marine quality service
8 Database information
Q Give some examples of classification society

DNV-GL, NKK, ABS, IRS – Indian Registrar of Shipping
Q What is harmonized system of Survey ?

Aim of this survey is to remove problem caused by survey dates and interval between
survey
It came in force in 2000.
It covers SOLAS, MARPOL, ILL-66 IBC and IGC code.
Q What is initial Survey, Periodical survey and intermediate survey ?

Initial Survey – A complete inspection of all items relating to a particular survey
before a ship is put into service.
Periodical Survey – Inspection of item relating to particular certificate and confirming
that they are in satisfactory condition and fit for service.
Intermediate Survey – Inspection of item to be carried out along with 2nd or 3rd
anniversary.
Q What are the list of certificates under HSSC ?

Statutory Certificates
Cargo Ship safety construction certificates
Cargo Safety equipment certificates
Cargo ship safety radio telephony certificates
Safety management certificate
Other Certificates
International Load line certificate
International Tonnage certificate
Minimum safe manning certificate
IOPP certificate
International certificate of fitness for the carriage of dangerous chemicals in bulk
International certificate of fitness for the carriage of Liquefied Gases in bulk
Q What is the difference between cargo ship safety certificate and cargo ship safety
equipment certificate ?
In CSSC radio installations are broadly emphasized and condition of structural
machinery and equipment also summerized
Whereas in CSSEC does not provide any survey information.
Q What is PSSA ?
It stands for particular sea sensitive Areas
PSSA is an area that needs special protection from IMO because of its significance for
recognized ecological or socio-economic or scientific reasons and which may be
vulnerable to damage by International maritime activities
PSSAs are marked on the charts, IMO Site and WNM, PSSAs have their own routeing
measures and stringent rules for discharge of dumping waste, oil discharge garbage,
incineration, sewage.
Some examples of PSSA are
The great Barrier Reef, Australia
Malpelo Island, Colombia
The Wadden Sea, Denmark.
Paracas National Reserve, Peru
Canary Islands, Spain
The sea around Florida Keys, USA
Western European Waters
Q What is CAS ?
MFA
Q What is Medical scale ?
Medical scale is the medicines, medical equipment and supplies that a vessel should
carry.
Q How Medical scale is decided ?

3 factors decide the medical scale ie what all a vessel should carry.
1 IMGS - LIST OF RECOMMENDED MEDICINES AND EQUIPMENT
2 Flag state requirements – refer to medical scale circular, here medicines, equipment
and supplies depend upon the trade area and the voyage of the vessel.
3 MFAG – from Appendix 14, depends upon the cargo that a vessel is carrying.
Q What is medical Chest ?

Medical chest is just a locker where the medicines are kept.
Q Who issues Medical Chest certificate ?

Port Health officer
Q What is the validity of the Medical chest certificate ?

1 Year.
Q What is IMGS ? Who publishes it ? Latest edition of IMGS ? Is IMGS mandatory ?

International medical guides for ships,
Published by WHO
Latest edition - 3rd edition
Yes, under ILO convention it is compulsory.
Q How do you dispose expired medicines ?

Expired medicines are kept in a sealed box, with the list and quantity of all the expired
medicines inside.
This expired medicines’ box is always kept in a locker away from the hospital and the
key should always be with the medical officer.
This expired medicines’ box is landed ashore.
Q What is Controlled Drugs ?

Controlled (or “scheduled”) drugs are those that, in most countries, are subject to
prescription requirements limiting their distribution and use, because of their liability to
be abused.
Q List any 5 controlled Drugs

The 5 controlled drugs are
1 Heroin
2 Morphine
3 Opium
4 Codeine
5 Anabolic steroids
Q What is Morphine drug ? What are its usage onboard ?

Morphine is an opiate (i.e. extracted from the opium poppy) analgesic drug that is
effective for severe pain.
Q What are Narcotics ?
Q How are expired controlled drugs disposed?

They are given to a qualified doctor or pharmacist
Q How do you take Radio Medical Advise ?

For Radio medical advise we can contact
1 WWS - World wide services OR
2 MRCC – Maritime rescue coordination center OR
3 TMAS – Telemedical advise services OR
We get details of 1,2,3 from ALRS VOL 1 or ITU list of coast station and special
service stations.
4 Advise from nearby ship having doctor onboard
5 CIRM – International Radio Medical Center, Rome Italy - it is free of charge, available
24 hours, we gets its information from ALRS Vol 1.
To use Inmarsat systems use code

32 – Medical Advise
38 – Medical Evacuation
Before contacting anyone above to take the radio medical advise -

1 Fill the form in Annex A of IMGS.
2 Keep a pen and paper ready
3 Keep the inventory of medicines ready.
4 Keep a recording device ready
5 If there is a language barrier use Interco(Prefer not to say this point of they will cross
question you about the INTERCO.)
Q What is CIRM ?
CIRM – International Radio medical Center, Rome Italy - it gives free of charge radio
medical advise, available 24 hours, we gets its information from ALRS Vol 1.
Q How do you treat burns ?

Q Types of fracture ?
Q Types of Syringes ?
Q Give a few examples of medicines in Ship’s medical chest.

1 Aspirin - to reduce pain, fever, inflammation, heart attack.
2 Ibuprofen - to treat inflammation
3 Paracetamol - Simple" painkiller suitable for most mild to moderate pain.
4 Cetirizine - Anti-allergy medication useful in controlling itching rashes and hay fever
5 Benzlpenicillin - First line antibiotic for serious infections such as cellulitis and
meningitis
Q How do you order medicines ?
Q What are the requirements for Oxygen resuscitator ?
Q What is Hypothermia ? Treatment ?
Q A crew member sick onboard, treatment ?
Q What is CPR ? When do you give CPR ? How do you give CPR ?
Q A crew member collapses on deck, treatment ?
Q In port, one crew member badly injured, Treatment ?

Q A crew member has a bleeding nose ? Treatment ?
Q A crew member has a bleeding arms ? Treatment ?
Q A crew member has fallen from aloft ? Treatment ?
Q A crew member came out of pump room and starts feeling dizzy ? Treatment ?
Q Medicines you carry as per Indian regulations on Indian ships ?
Q What is normal body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing rate ?
Temperature -37℃ OR 98.6℉
Blood Pressure - 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg
Pulse Rate - 60 to 100 beats per minute
Breathing Rate -12 to 16 breaths per minute
Q How do you do suturing ?

First, stop the bleeding by applying pressure, If bleeding still persist put some drops of
Adrenaline on a cotton and apply it on wound and it should stop the bleeding.
Disinfect the skin in the vicinity of wound by rubbing Betadyn in a circular fashion
inside out.
Apply local anesthesia Lidocaine drop by drop at vicinity of wound at various spots.
Use needle holder to hold the curved needle in thumb and ring finger, use surgical
forceps to lift the flesh and use wrist twist method to do in and out style of suturing.
In in and out method we put needle from in from right of wound then out from wound,
then in from wound and out of flesh from the left side
To make a knot wrap the thread three loops on the needle holder then hold the short
end of the thread and pull it towards you such that the three loops goes onto the short
end.
Cut the longer end of the thread and repeat the process.
Q What entries are made in Medical log book ?

ISM CODE
Q What is ISM Code ?
The International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution
Prevention
Q When was ISM adopted & brought into force?

1995 and 1998
Q ISM code is mentioned in which chapter of SOLAS ?

Chapter IX – Management for the safe operation of ships
Q Since ISM code is a code is it optional ?

No, ISM code is mandatory as it is a part of SOLAS convention
Q What is Document of Compliance under ISM ?

A Document of Compliance shall be issued to every company which complies with the
requirements of the International Safety Management Code.
It is issued by the administration
Vessels should carry a copy of DOC onboard.
Issued when a company demonstrates that a company SMS has been in operation
since last 3 months.
Also SMS is being followed by atleast 1 ship of each type for atleast 3 months.
Records of internal audits are produced by company, ashore and onboard.
Q What is Safety Management Certificate ?

Safety Management Certificate shall be issued to every ship by the Administration.
Safety Management Certificate verify that the company and its shipboard management
operate in accordance with the approved safety management system.
Period decided by Administration by not more than 5 years.
Q What is the AIM of ISM ?

The purpose of the ISM Code is to provide an international standard for the safe
management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention.
Recognizing that no two shipping companies or shipowners are the same, and that
ships operate under a wide range of different conditions, the Code is based on general
principles and objectives.
he Code is expressed in broad terms so that it can have a wide-spread application.
Clearly, different levels of management, whether shore-based or at sea, will require
varying levels of knowledge and awareness of the items outlined.
Q Latest Edition of ISM ?

2018
Q Latest amendments of ISM ?

Q What are the Contents of ISM ?
1 General
2 Safety and Environmental protection Policy
3 Company responsibility and authority
4 Designated Persons
5 Masters responsibility and authority
6 Resources and personnel
7 Development of Plans and shipboard operations
8 Emergency Preparedness
9 Reports and analysis of non-comformities, accidents and hazards occurrences
10 Maintenance of the ships and equipment
11 Documentation
12 Company Verification, review and evaluation
13 Certification , Verification and Control
Q What is Observation as per ISM ?

Observation means a statement of fact made during a safety management audit and
substantiated by objective evidence.
Q What is Non-conformity as per ISM ?

Non-conformity means an observed situation where objective evidence indicates the
non-fulfillment of a specified requirement.
Q What is Major non-conformity as per ISM ?

Major non-conformity means an identifiable deviation that poses a serious threat to the
safety of personnel or the ship or a serious risk to the environment that requires
immediate corrective action or the lack of effective and systematic implementation of a
requirement of this Code.
Q What is SMS ?
Safety management system means a structured and documented system enabling
Company personnel to implement effectively the Company safety and environmental
protection policy.
The safety management system shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions
of the International Safety Management Code.
Q What are the functional requirement of “SMS” ?

Safety & Policy, Instruction for safe procedures, Level of Authority, Near Misses,
1 A safety and environmental-protection policy;
2 Instructions and procedures to ensure safe operation of ships and protection of the
environment in compliance with relevant international and flag State legislation;
3 Defined levels of authority and lines of communication between, and amongst, shore
and shipboard personnel;
4 Procedures for reporting accidents and non-conformity with the provisions of this
Code;
5 Procedures to prepare for and respond to emergency situations; and
6 Procedures for internal audits and management reviews.
Q Who is DPA as per ISM ?

To ensure the safe operation of each ship and to provide a link between the Company
and those on board, every Company, as appropriate, should designate a person or
persons ashore having direct access to the highest level of management. The
responsibility and authority of the designated person or persons should include
monitoring the safety and pollution prevention aspects of the operation of each ship
and ensuring that adequate resources and shore-based support are applied, as
required.
Q How will you apply ISM onboard
Q What are the certificates under ISM ?
Q Duties of 3O as per ISM ?
Q What all files should be maintained as per ISM ?
Q Define Authorized person, competent person and responsible person.

Authorized person – Means a person authorized by employer, master of ship or a
responsible person to undertake a specific task or tasks and who possesses to
necessary technical knowledge and experience to undertake that task.
Competent person – Means a p0erson belonging to a testing establishment which is
approved by chief inspector for the purpose of testing examination, annealing and
certification of lifting appliances, loose gear, wire rope and includes person recognized
under similar regulation abroad eg testing, audits etc.
Responsible Person – means a person appointed by the employer, master of the
ship or the owner of gear or port authority as the case may be , to be responsible for
the experience and requisite authority for the power performance of his duties,
ISPS CODE
Q What is ISPS Code ?
International
Ship and
Port facility
Security code
Q When did it come into force and due to which incident ?

2004, Due to 9/11 Attack,
Q It applied to which ships ?

Passengers Ships, Cargo ships >=500GRT , RIGS, Docks that serve international
ships
safe
Q The objectives of ISPS code
Q Functional requirements of ISPS.

Q Procedures between ship and shore prior to the ship's arrival
Q What is SSP, PFSO, SSO, CSO, DOS ?
Q What is SSA ?
Q Certificates under ISPS
ISSC – International ship security certificate
Q How will you get the initial ISPS certificate ?
Q Equipment under ISPS

Q Security Levels
Q Who decides security level ?

In port the contracting government
At sea by flag state.
Q What will you do in Security level 1 ?
20% baggage search
Visitor and gangway log to be maintained
All visitor ID checked
Stores locked restricted areas and unattended spaces to be marked
Security seal to be kept
Security round.
Q What will you do on Security Level 2 ?

50% search in addition
Offshore side check.
Q What will you do on Security Level 3 ?

100% baggage check
Heave up the gangway, no one goes in or out
Security drill every 3 month.
Q Comes under which chapter of SOLAS

Chapter XI Part II
Q Duties of 3O as per ISPS ?
Q Shore person comes onboard during cargo operation, Action ?

Ask his business onboard
See his ID
Make his entry in the gangway log
Issue him an entry identity card
Escort him to the duty officer.
STCW
Q What is STCW ?
Q What are the latest amendments of MLC ?

STCW for Polar water
Rest hours changed from 70 to 77
AB -COP, Chief cook COC and ETO, COC
Q Contents of STCW ?
8 chapters
1 General Provisions
2 Master and deck department
3 Engine department
4 Radio communication and radio personnel
5 Special training requirement for personnel on certain types of ships
6 Emergency, Occupational safety, medical care and survival functions
7 Alternative certifiacation
8 Watchkeeping
Q 2nd mate watchkeeping as per which chapter of STCW ?
Q What are the rest hours as per STCW ?

10 hours min in 24 hours, 77 hours in 7 day while work rest hours in MLC talks about
rest and work hours both.
Q What are the duties of 2M as per STCW ?
Q Can 2M give injections ?
Q What is difference between STCW 95 and 2010 ?
Q What all certificates you need as per STCW 2010.

MLC
Q What is MLC ?
Q When it was adopted and when it came into force ?
Q What are the latest amendments of MLC ?
Q What are the contents of MLC ?

Divided into 4 layes
1 Articles
2 Regulations
3 Code A - Mandatory
4 Code B – Non- Mandatory
Q What are all the Titles of MLC ?

5 titles
1 Min requirement to work on ship
2 Condition of employment
3 Accommodation, recreation, food and catering
4 Medial and social protection
5 Compliance and enforcement.
Q What all does MLC covers ?
Q What changed on ships after MLC 2006 ?
Q What are the work and rest hours as per MLC ?

Max work hours shall not exceed 14 hours in 24 hours and 27 hours in 7 day period
Q What are the work hours as per ILO ?

Min rest hours shall not be less than 10 hours in 24 hours and 77 hours in 7 day.
Q Difference between MLC rest hours and STCW rest hours ?
STCW talks only about the rest hours but MLC talk about rest and work hours both.
Q Duties of 3O as per MLC 2006 ?
Q Under the deck labour regulations, what is the power of the inspectors ?
An inspector may enter any dock or vessel, where dock workers are employed with
such assistance as he thinks fit.
He can inspect, examine any building, plant machinery, appliance or equipment used
in connection with the loading, unloading, movements or storages cargoes.
He can examine any register or other document relating to the employment of dock
workers
He can take on the spot or otherwise the statements of any persons or hold enquiries
which may consider necessary.
The port authorities, the employers or dock workers and owner of machinery or plant
shall offered all reasonable facilities to the inspector for entry, inspection, examination
or enquiry.
Stability
Q How are draft marks marked on the vessel ?
They are provided on the 6 positions on a ship
Forward P and S, Midship P & S and aft P & S.
Each number is 10CM tall
Vertical spacings between two letters is also
10cm tall
Whole number such as 7m,8m,9m,10, etc are
marked with a M after the number
Only the even number are marked odd number
are not marked
Q How will you read draft marks ?

Always read below the level of the letter
8m 00cm 8m 20cm 8m 30cm 8m 35cm 9m 02cm
Q What is reserve buoyancy ?
Q What is the statical stability criteria for a tanker ?

Initial GM not less than 0.15m
Max GM shall not be less than 0.20m
Max GZ to occur at heel > 30° bu tnot less than 25°
The area under the GZ curve not less than
0.055mrad upto 30° heel
0.090mrad upto 40° or angle of flooding whichever is less
0.030mrad between 30° and 40° or angle of flooding whichever is less.
Q What is the statical stability criteria for a vessel carrying timber deck cargoes ?
Max GZ atleast 0.025m
Area under GZ curve shall not be less than 0.08 m.rad upto 40° heel or the angle of
flooding whichever is less.
During departure and at all times during voyage the fluid GM should not be less than
0.10m.
Q What is the statical stability criteria for a container vessel ?

Initial GM >= 0.15m
Max GZ 0.042m
Area under GZ curve up to the angle of flooding shall not be less than 0.029
Area under GZ curve in m.rad shall not be less than 0.009/c upto 30° hell and not less
than 0.016/c upto 40° heel or the angle of flooding of this angle is less than 40°
The area under GZ curve in m.rad shall not be less than 0.006/c between 30° and 40°
heel or the angle of flooding if this angle if less than 40°
The GZ in m is to be atleast 0.033/c or at an angle of heel >=30°
Q Vessel going from FW to SW what all of vessel will change ?

TPC, MCTC, Draft, LCB, LCF, KM, AB, KB, Trim, GM
Q How to do calculation for draft survey ?

There are 6 corrections for draft survey
1 Draft Correction
2 Hog and Sag Correction
3 1st trim correction
4 2nd trim correction
5 Heel correction
6 Density correction
Q Tell the formulae for all the draft corrections

1 Draft Correction
For trim by stern
Forward correction = (trim*a)/(LBP-a-b)
Aft correction = (trim*b)/(LBP-a-b)
Mid-Ship correction =(trim*c)/(LBP-a-b)
2 Hog and Sag Correction

For Hog - Displacement will be more than actual displacement
For sag -Displacement will be less than actual displacement
Mean of Means = (F+A+6*M)/8
3 1st trim Correction

At Even keel, Zero trim, no hag or sag then HD ,MOM draft all other drafts are same
So 1st trim correction will be same.
For trimmed vessel
1st trim correction = (((LBP/2)-LCF)*Trim*100*TPC) / LBP
Trim is -ve if vessel is down by head
Trim is +ve if vessel is down by stern
4 2nd trim Correction

2nd trim correction = 50*trim*trim*(MCTC1-MCTC2)/LBP
Always added to displacement.
5 Heel Correction
Heel correction = 6*(TPC1-TPC2)(Port MSD-Stbd MSD)
Always added to displacement
6 Density Correction
New displacement/old displacement = New density / Old density
Q What is VEF ?
Vessel experience factor
This is the average of ratio of ship’s figure and B/L figure for over 10 to 20 last voyages
If VEF is one or more vessel good, if VEF less than one then vessel bad.
Q What are the contents of the Stability booklet ?

General particulars
Plan showing cargo spaces, tanks and stores
Hydrostatic tables
Hydrostatic curves
KN curves
Cross curves of stability particulars
Capacities and COG
Plimsoll mark details
Tonnage mark details
Dead weight scale
Inclining eperiment result
Trim tables
Q What is damage stability criteria ?

A damage stability criteria varies from ship to ship and the requirement for the same is
given in SOLAS chapter II-1, It may be single compartment flooding, multi
compartment flooding, engine room flooding, etc.
Q What are the trim tables ?

Table showing the change in forward and aft drafts when 100t of cargo is loaded or
discharged from the particular frame space.
Q What changes from sea water to fresh water ?

WPA, BC, UWV, TPC, MCTC, AF, KMT, KML
MISC
Q What is Green passport ?
Green passport is a document under the Honk Kong Convention 2009, Which lists all
the hazardous materials including plastic, rubber, refrigerant, chemicals etc used in the
construction of the ship.
This document is delivered by the ship yard to the ship during the delivery and it stays
on it until the vessel is scraped
When a vessel is scrapped or recycled this document is used as reference to learn all
the hazardous materials used on ship.
The document has 3 main benefits
1 Enhanced safety onboard
2 Environment friendly ship recycling
3 Better hazard management
Q What is vessel response plan ?
Q You are on an Indian ship and the captain has asked you to pack the bag of the
deceased, what all you will pack ?
Q What is scupper plan ? Why is it made and who makes it ?
Q How will you prepare your vessel for sanitation survey ?
Q Certificate related to sanitation ?
Q What is Docking plan ?
Q How would you take over a watch ? (Mention initial deck rounds, Do say I will read the
master and CO standing orders )
Q How you will locate your cabin on ship ?

From general arrangement

Loadline Convention

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Loadline Convention

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Loadline convention

Q What is International Loadline convention (ILL 66) ?

Q What is the principal of the load line convention ?

Q What is the aim of International loadline convention ?

Q What vessels the Load line convention applies to ?

Q Vessels exempted from Load line convention ?

Q What factors determine Loadlines ?

Q Who issues Load line certificate ?

Q Validity of Load line certificate ?

Q When the Load line survey is carried out ?

Q What are Type A ship and Type B ship as per LL convention ?

Q What are the contents of Load line Convention?

Q Draw Load lines.

Q Distance between upper edge of T and upper edge of S ?

Q Distance between upper edge of S and upper edge of W ?

Q Distance between upper edge of W and upper edge of WNA ?

Q Mark the center of the Plimsol mark ?

Q Where can you load more TF, F, T, S or W ?

Q How to prepare a vessel for the load line survey ?

Q Define Dangerous Goods

Q Does IMDG applies to tankers ?

Q IMDG is in which chapter in SOLAS ?

Q Define Hazardous cargo, Dangerous Cargo and Harmful Cargo

Q Define marine pollutant.

Q What are the contents of the IMDG code ?

Q What are the contents of supplement of IMDG code ?

Q What does a UN number signifies ?

Q What is subsidiary risk ?

Q What is regulation for marking, labeling and placarding of dangerous goods ?

Q What are the storage requirements for dangerous goods ?

Q What precautions will you take while loading DG cargo ?

Q Precautions while loading explosives ?

Q What are Non compatible cargoes ?

Q What is Segregation as per IMDG ?

Q What are the ‘segregation terms’ as per IMDG ?

2 Separated from - In different compartments or holds when stowed under deck.

3 Separated by a complete compartment or hold from - Either a vertical or a

4 Separated longitudinally by an intervening complete compartment or hold from -

Q What is 1,2,3,4 and X as per the Segregation table of IMDG ?

Q What are the classes of DG as per IMDG code ?

Class 3 Flammable Liquids

Class 5 Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides

Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances

Class 7 Radioactive material

Q What are the Columns of the Dangerous Goods list ?

Q What documents are required to carry the DG ?

Q For carrying what all classes you do not require a DOC ?

Q What are General guidelines for Spillage of IMDG goods

Q What is EmS guide and how to use it ?

Q What are General guidelines for fire of IMDG goods

Q What is DOC for IMDG ? Who issues it and when ?

Q Latest IMDG code?

Q Latest IMDG code Amendments ?

Q Draw the Labels for IMDG Cargoes ?

Q How to use MFAG ?

Q You see radioactive cargo leaking, Action ?

Q Checks prior to loading DG ?

Q IMDG is applicable to what all modes of transport ?

Q Why IMDG became compulsory in 2008 and not before ?

Q Is Sulphur covered by IMDG ?

Q Is Gasoline covered by IMDG ?

Q So does IMDG apply on a tanker carrying Gasoline ?

Q What are other names of chain register ?