CANDIDATE NAME : NDIZOWAPA TAPIWA .T.

CENTRE NAME : GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL HARARE

CENTRE NUMBER : 010064
CANDIDATE NUMBER :
LEVEL : ORDINARY LEVEL
LEARNING AREA : GEOGRAPHY
SYLLABUS TOPIC : WEATHER AND CLIMATE STUDIES
SUB TOPIC : WEATHER HAZARDS
CALA TITLE : CAUSES , EFECTS AND SOLUTIONS TO
FLOODING
CALA TYPE : PEN AND PAPER
CALA COMPONET :3
COMPETENCES/SKILLS
 RESEARCHING
 DATA PRESENTATION
 DATA ANALYSIS
 COLLECTING DATA

BACKGROUND
Flooding in zimbabwe has become a common weather hazard which is negatively
affecting human life , property and the environment.
PART A
Five weather hazards are :
-Floods
-Drought
- Lightning
- Cyclones
- Tsunamis

Causes of floods
- heavy / abnormal rainfall leading to high forms of water
- deforestation leading to increased runoff
- bursting of dam walls
- tsunamis
- urbanisation

Effects of floods
1. To people are :
-loss of lives
- outbreak of waterborne diseases e.g cholera and typhoid
- destruction of infrastructure
-loss of property
-loss of businesses

2. On the environment are :

-destruction of the ecosystem
-destruction of vegetation
-causes soil erosion
-destructs the drainage system
-bursting of dam walls
-bursting of sewage pipes
PART B
WAYS TO REDUCE EFFECTS OF FLOODS
-Eduacting people about floods through television
-Holding awareness campaigns on floods
-Afforestation and reforestation
-Construction of strong dam walls
-Developing early warning systems
-Developing settlements on high land or high areas
-Removing sediments from rivers or water bodies
-Diverting rivers from settlements
-Straightening river channels
-Raising river banks
-Provision of clean water to the affected
-Relocating people to higher places
-Evacuation of people to safer areas