TÀI LIỆU GIẢNG DẠY

ĐÁNH GIÁ NĂNG LỰC ĐH QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI

BẢN QUYỀN: TRUNG TÂM LUYỆN THI QUỐC GIA HSA

BỘ MÔN: TƯ DUY ĐỊNH LƯỢNG
BIÊN SOẠN: THẦY ĐỖ XUÂN THẮNG – GV: TRUNG TÂM HSA EDUCATION
TÀI LIỆU: BÀI GIẢNG: PHƯƠNG TRÌNH MŨ CHỨA THAM SỐ

Phương pháp giải chung:

Bước 1: Đặt ẩn phụ, đưa phương trình mũ  phương trình đa thức bậc 2 ẩn t

Bước 2: Chuyển chính xác điều kiện nghiệm ẩn x sang điều kiện nghiệm ẩn t

Ví dụ:

Đặt a x  t  a  1  t  0

+ Phương trình ban đầu có 2 nghiệm x  0  phương trình ẩn t có 2 nghiệm t1 , t2  1

+ Phương trình ban đầu có 2 nghiệm trái dấu  phương trình ẩn t có 1 nghiệm 0  t1  1 và
1 nghiệm t2  1

+ Phương trình ban đầu có 2 nghiệm x  0  phương trình ẩn t có 2 nghiệm 0  t1 , t2  1

+ Phương trình ban đầu có nghiệm x   x1; x2   phương trình ẩn t có nghiệm t   a x1 ; a x2 

Bước 3: Biện luận điều kiện nghiệm của phương trình bậc 2 ẩn t  tham số m
Chú ý: Có những bài toán ta không đặt ẩn phụ đưa về phương trình bậc 2 được thì ta có thể
nghĩ tới 2 hướng giải:

Hướng 1: Không đặt ẩn phụ được  Cô lập m ngay từ phương trình mũ ẩn x , khảo sát
tương giao.

Hướng 2: Biến đổi đưa phương trình đã cho về dạng tích, biện luận nghiệm.
HSA 01. Có bao nhiêu giá trị nguyên của m để phương trình 2 x  m có nghiệm?
2

A. 3 B. 2 C. 0 D. 1
Lời giải

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HSA 02. Tìm tất cả các giá trị của m để phương trình 22 x 1  m 2  m  0 có nghiệm.
A. m  0 B. 0  m  1 C. m  0, m  1 D. m  1
Lời giải
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HSA 03. Gọi S là tập hợp tất cả các giá trị nguyên của tham số m sao cho phương trình
16 x  m.4 x 1  5m2  45  0 có hai nghiệm phân biệt. Hỏi S có bao nhiêu phần tử?

A. 6 B. 4 C. 13 D. 3
Lời giải

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HSA 04. Xác định các giá trị của tham số m để phương trình 9 x  2  m  2  6 x   m 2  4m  3 4 x  0
có hai nghiệm phân biệt?

A. m  2. B. m  3. C. m  1. D. m  2.

Lời giải

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HSA 05. Tập hợp tất cả các giá trị của tham số m để phương trình 4 x  m.2 x 1  3m  3  0 có hai
nghiệm trái dấu?

A.  ;2  B. 1;   C. 1; 2  D.  0; 2 

 Lời giải

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HSA 06. Có bao nhiêu giá trj nguyên dương của tham số m để phương trình
16x  2.12x   m  2 .9x  0 có nghiệm dương?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3
Lời giải

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HSA 07. Có bao nhiêu giá trị nguyên dương của tham số m để phương trình
25x  4.15x   2m 1 .9x  0 có nghiệm không dương?

A. 2 B. 1 C. 3 D. 0
Lời giải

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HSA 08. Tìm m để phương trình 4 x  2 x 3  3  m có đúng hai nghiệm x  1;3 ?

A. 9  m  3 B. 3  m  9 C. 13  m  9 D. 13  m  3
Lời giải
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HAS 09. Tìm tập hợp các giá trị thực của tham số m để phương trình
m.9 x2  2 x
  2m  1 .6 x2  2 x
 m.4 x2  2 x
 0 có nghiệm thuộc khoảng  0; 2  ?

A.  ;0 B. 0;   C.  ;6 D. 6;  

Lời giải
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HSA 10. Có bao nhiêu giá trị nguyên m để phương trình 4 x 1  41 x   m  1  22 x  22 x   16  8m
có nghiệm thuộc đoạn  2;3 .

A. 5 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Lời giải
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HSA 11. Tìm giá trị của tham số thực m để phương trình 9 x  2.3x 1  m  0 có hai nghiệm x1 ; x2
thỏa mãn x1  x2  1 ?

A. m  3 B. m  1 C. m  6 D. m  3
Lời giải
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HSA 12. Gọi S là tập hợp tất cả các giá trị nguyên của tham số m sao cho phương trình
16 x  m.4 x 1  5m2  44  0 có hai nghiệm đối nhau. Hỏi S có bao nhiêu phần tử?

A. 2 . B. 0 . C. 1 . D. 3 .
Lời giải
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HSA 13. Tìm giá trị của a để phương trình 2  3  1  a  2  3    

x x
 4  0 có 2 nghiệm phân
biệt x1 , x2 thỏa mãn: x1  x2  log2 3 3 , ta có a thuộc khoảng

A.  ; 3 B.  3;   C.  0;   D.  3;  

Lời giải
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HSA 14. Tìm tập hợp các giá trị của tham số thực m để phương trình 6x   3  m 2x  m  0 có
nghiệm thuộc khoảng  0;1 .

A. 3; 4. B.  2;4. C.  2; 4  . D.  3; 4  .

Lời giải
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HSA 15. Cho phương trình 32 x 3 xm  9  3x  x 2  3x 2 x m . Có bao nhiêu giá trị nguyên của tham số
2 2 2

m  2018;2018 để phương trình đã cho có 4 nghiệm phân biệt?

A. 2017 B. 2018 C. 2019 D. 2020

Lời giải
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