Genetics: How

Genes Work?
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Observe these Lantana camara variants

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Observe these Malayopython reticulatus morphs

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What is Genetics?

● Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the

study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in
organisms.
● Genetics tries to identify which traits are inherited,
and explain how these traits are passed from
generation to generation.
● Genetics forms one of the central pillars of biology
and overlaps with many other areas, such as
agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology.
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Gregor Johann Mendel, a

scientist and Augustinian
friar working in the 19th
century, was the first to
study genetics
scientifically. Through his
careful breeding of
garden peas, he
discovered the basic
principles of heredity and
laid the mathematical
foundation of the science
of genetics.
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What are Genes?

● Gene is a unit of heredity which is transferred

from a parent to offspring and is held to
determine some characteristic of the offspring.
● Gene, unit of hereditary information that occupies
a fixed position (locus) on a chromosome. Genes
achieve their effects by directing the synthesis of
proteins.
● Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as
instructions to make molecules called proteins.
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What are Chromosomes?

● Chromosomes are thread-like structures located

inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each
chromosome is made of protein and a single
molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed
from parents to offspring, DNA contains the
specific instructions that make each type of living
creature unique.
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What are Alleles?

An allele is a variant form of a gene.

Some genes have a variety of different
forms, which are located at the same
position, or genetic locus, on a
chromosome.
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Assigned Task

READ:
Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
● https://byjus.com/biology/mendel-laws-of-inheritance/
○ Why was Pea Plant Selected for Mendel’s Experiments?
○ Mendel’s Experiments
○ Conclusions from Mendel’s Experiments
○ Mendel’s Laws
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Thanks! Genetics:
How Genes
Work?

Any questions?
Knowledge is power.