Oscillations |Periodic Notion ‘The motion which gets repeated at vegular intervals of Hme [18 called periodic, motion. + | Example : revolution of earth around SUN, simple pendulum, Fokation of earth, purring of bee ete | Bormonie MoHion, | The periodic’ Moon wWhiew is’}o and fro about a Fixed point is treated as “hormonic mo'tio ni TW Con be expressed-o's sine’ or! cosine functions Example: simple pendutum, loaddd ‘spring “buzzing of a bee ete #] Every periodic motion need not be hermonie moben’) but every hormonic motion is o periodic mowon,) y , / Simple Hormonic Motion (sHM) | fora wedy or particle to execute sum, twdrdonar Hons: haive |) be satistied - : LW) THs acceleraltion! should aways “oe directed sowdtds | mean’ position a | Syreamocen erent creat always’ be directly proportional | to its displacement-(from mean pasition) (Mathematically, Fhe above yo conditions Ore yepresented bas ; ‘ \ A abcd © td > S¥aNs eo Tia od nee erte A Expressing SHM as the projecHon on o reference Circle representing amiform circulay moHion(ucm) Displacement (4) i oft <1 @ yp 00b ¥ From '‘sope,) (| | sin(wey a @ ~ 28 24 Gy | " : oB ¥ B= ¥sin(we +g) weoey here x= A (amplitude). , Yor RSI (whteg) —a Gly “7 coAB AE SkONS Fyom et, eva snot od Ott 2 Asin we. Velocity WW) J using vis dyna visi ! dt | Mew Secfp.sintors] D> Ado Ginqwedr]in An cos.(wty nde OY), > Acos(wk) x w d(e) worracang wltasrit a. vis Aw ees (wey vo FOSIHA ‘BIN? OF Cos*O Here, cos(wt) =Ji- sin?@ot) x i From ta did, | j | i | | | } | | | Cos wt) = 1 tae ne a sin ey Boos | \ | i } | | | i | | | i |At mean positon, ase Vow > Nmor 7 WA AY trtreme positon, ye Ay Vo vmin Vim > wf ar- a> Vein 2 0 | Accelevaton coy asda. 4 ae ay) > fs weos(wtd} . a > Aw Py (ces @er) ” awl[- Sim(wey x Sw) = -Aw'sin(wey pd © *[asinwey] wy OS wis ‘constant’ aay Hence Provede ee ae Gane Ve aw cos (WE) a > F + | Y= Asin(we) 0 A-+ gfaph, 5 \ vy VE a3. 4 | A= - Aw sin (wey | | | | ea rare | | 5 | 1} | | a | a | | v ed ‘ 2 Ae To prove Moat simple pendulum excecutes SHM (deriving | expression for time period of simple, pendulum)| Restoring Force = masino dy ‘ 2) Ma = -Xq sing wi t Ln a = -gsine : " For Small Values Of OL i cry igtabeg 4 1 pal ih i sine + ® gE aes a ' $oO.%3 9B) rst Wong owudubrs fon $3 | Vsing L= 38 val ete here B44 5 wae i wurob) 5 , habe ! ale > 65,2 oto, Botts te ‘ TL ’ 4 ade wit yet roy is ng a q aay pene e ae AN ea neetee Radeon yt coer ioe Comparing ea iy, F with oe or, | we get, wre 2 | + 1 | Bur For one oscillation q T9904 Pvriqe gine @= 20 : + nd ' ane (nS iT: D y Teran[t ———vwi) indoas r . | ee | From ey i, | 98 9,2’ are constants ©"! ‘7 nal bovarg aAdk-m a PBR | phe So it is proved that Simple pendulum excetures SHM ;es pn Time taken to complete 1 oscitlakonris called Hmé perigg Rr oa given place Tafa vecause 9 and 2M are always Constonts. Second’s pendulum: a simple pendulum whose time Period is a seconds is called seconds pendulum Length of seconds pendulum on te earth for gaa: B mls” is neatly 100 em or Vem Les Rie ® To prove Mhat toaded spring eaxcecutes SHM (deriving expression for time period of loaded spring) °° let a Spring of Foree constant of Spring constank k be - ‘ Suspended from a rigid support. |“! z ley a load of mass *m’ pe attached to its lower end (Free, on a end ALi h baba © rue Wey natured nis 1 tengin v i comprestion (> a : : wy 6. : a8 > ne t ¥ ( [genee vsing spring force F = -ky D> mas —kt mem kg ey ™ As k,m are constants, OK =H WF So it iS proved thay loaded spring executes sim Comparing eet? with - wh wre ke mm aS a4Te one uy [x] Spring constant of a spring is inversely proporticnal J] te its length be, koe + ki = constant Ky fy) = Kola = Kghg..n. * kn dn Springs in series tet two Springs of spring constants krand Ka'be connected in series. Let 2,,%, be their lengths ‘ pres Lees. r . C 7 =a d dj STP 4 Ses ky Es sing merts ody tte thetp 5 i 1 ro ME Ree Ghat vedo dt ayy S =_ . Ki Ka Keet hE ke Applicathons TE HwO springs of spring constants -kKivand ky ars made to oscillate separately with Hmeperiods T and Ta Tespectively, the time period T with which, their Series combination will oscillate - Vsing, T= 90 As. m is 1 ‘ constant, Te oe SL a DL eT From eo), Ty hota GogLt 4 Tho Springs in Parallel \ Kit Ka Keet * For n springs, aia Kineikialbatee- 2 TE ty and t2 are individual Me pertods, oF wo loaded springs hme period of teiy parallel combination » would be vsing Tek = ing Tat = — : iv ee teres pt ne : 4+ ew ie : Ke a Ty Hes! oo iis tT. Db The Ta sprihg ‘of “Spring édinstant k is cu pacts, then spring constant of each part is nk tinto a equal | Energy of Simple Hormonic Oscillator (sho) Kinetic Energy. Using KE = my KE Lm [ae cswo]” | | | | | | | Bur v= Aw cos(wt | KE = L maw? coP(wt) ———7 W> | ne rH 1 | AY mean position, * NUFF bap Mn ote « {| kEmes ? + mero Haws idtnua ein 4c | Also dvi anlar oe Weead a | . 2 a Loge ‘ KE tom [olRra] Las KE = ? i Ee ry?) 820 5 KE ney KEmor = + mun| | | L fotential Energy, W) os Jaw > SFedy = Smoay = Smew'yydy = = mos" fygdy) ey, Ar mtan position, y= 0 Brin § mw Vf = 6 Ar extreme position, ys a | Umm eb ma? A? Total Energy. Te > ke + PE 5b met Wy) sd mary? a se a peer Lb mages Ley Te = Lomwip™ TE. mur A”. KE max = PE maxEnergy curve