p . no 2 sox SMaterial | 9. DIFFERENTIATION DIFFERE NTIATION- O10) ERIVATIVES From IRST aaa #5 TEACHING POINTS « pERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION ie Poll coiere ral function f(x) and a bea memb of ; . er of it nls = arablex undergoes a smal increment ne fen correspondingly the value of changes from f(a) to lath) and the corres nee increment in y=f(x) at x=a be Ay athe), a «. the rate of change in f(x) at x=a f(a+h)-f(a) h i) isthe ratio 7 ‘stitio o2 it Ifthis ratio tends toa finite limit as h-90 then that limit iscalled the derivative of f(x) at x=a. It is denoted by {"(a) f(a+h)-f(a) rt Thus, f {a)= Lt w= Lt wl) Ifwe take ath=x then h=x~a. Also h0 => xa. : fof «From (1), £°(@)= Lt f@)-f@) wa Xna ; 2) DERIVATIVE O} INC FROM FIRST PRINCIPLE: If the real function {a) has derivative at every value ofits domain then (x) is said to be a differentiable function. gy adit y fOc+h)-f0) Isderivative is denoted by (8) oF gy and itis definedas #14)= fo)-f@) soe Ka 1, =t@) xo Kal ive offs) atx-aisf'(@)= 1h) Lepr ia p pERIVATIVE: Left hand deriva Vv ; Right hand derivative of f() afer) . atx=aisf'(@at+)=, Remark: A function fis differentiable ® - Let Fbe a function defined on [,b] then Fis Dy ie Thas derivative V ce(%) v |; Let a function f defined on [ab] is sad to be (a,b) ip fis right derivable at (i) fis left derivable at b 1) DERIVATIVE IN THE Said to be derivable on (@ 42) LV! E derivable on a, Bi) Fis derivable L : © scanned with OKEN Scannera prereneNTIATION wr 9, DIFFERENTIATION 7 7 = FFERENTIABH ry Vs conTinuITy: 5) DIEFE then fis continuous at a, Dut NOE con, i) ta. ‘Theorem: If x function fis differentiable 4, ot ifferentiable at aa ta)= Wyma Proof: fis di £0)-F0) (-a)=F ayo, at ‘ {r()-F@Iq—ay= Lt Now, eee F(a)l= wee By xa alt “ro)= He) 2. F iscontinuous ata. xa cous ata then fneed not be differentia & The converse is not true iie., if'a function fis continu jot differentiable at x=0. Ex: f(9)={x] is continuous but n jous at x =0 Lt f(x)= Lt Ix-0=F(0) = is continu = 0 x0 - Ix! x RHD=f (0+)= Lt f@)-fO_ yy A= Lt oa! shoe =O x 8 x04 10)-FO _ yy IE ue TX=0 x90- X x90- X -. f isnot differentiable at x = 0, but f is continuous at x =0 LHD=f (0-)= Lt x30- Here RHD # LHD xl x Note: A continuous function is differentiable at x=a only when f(x) is a smooth curve (?) at x= Rem: If {(x)=|x| then fis differentiable at x#0 and f'(x) = 6) RIVATIVES OF SOME STANDARD FUNCTIONS: 6.1) Theorem: If f(x)=ky V xeR where k is a constant then {*(x)=0 Foch) =f = feat) tr =k Proof: f(x)=k=ftx)= Lt h0 hoo h «1 Derivative of f(x)=k is f'(x)=0. d (k)=0 a 6.2) Theorem: If (x)=x", then £*(x)=nx"-l Proof: ftayant sat taye ts S4W—F0) Lp thy" (+h) (xe hyt ax" thy 130 7 ny eax h (thon (x+h)—x =nxt! —— “. Derivative of f(x)=x" is f*(x)=nx"~1 © amt x? )=nx 6.3) ) Theorem: If fx}=e¥ then, £"(x)=e% Proof: (x)= W=e St tx)= ae Le Shae = lpi se) ho h =u ep “1 we . =e — o we Tae Wet +. Derivative of © scanned with OKEN Scanner9. DIFFERENTIATION yeorem HEHE then py \ mere Ke (en) = Lp {th C cloge XP )= Lt = F(x) ae m0 Le RO Hp 0 1 Xyogft42 =! 1, ny aan site(s} _ Derivative of x)Hlogx is £ (4) — reorem: If f(x) Is — 1p fe thy—p ap gopsing FEC Lt SIAL) soles) -sing h. U seos( thx me 2 Us| e0s| h h «. Derivative of f(x)=sinx is f'(x)= cosx A eins) =c0sx 4) Theorem: If f(x)=tanx then 1"(x)=sec2x, where x#(2n+1)x/2, neZ _ Q+h)=F6) _ wel f)etame 9 (x) = Ls tan(x-+h)—tanx hoo h hoo h = ty Af Since) _sinx]_ 5 ho0h[cos(x+h) cosx} hooh 1 sin(x+h-x) sinh 1 = =u py ——__ hooh cos(x+h)cosx ho h ho0cos(x+h)cosx “g : 2 - + Derivative of f(x)=tanx is. f'(x)-sec?x. llama) =see" x neZ “1 Theorem: If f(xj=esex then £"(x)= —esex cotx, where xen, = o(x +h) —cosecx fut f(a) = f(x+h)-FO0 _ py s0see! Wrcsers t= yo uij_t Deu 1 sinx —sin(x +h) wap] gy Eins ssoh| sing +h) sinx | nob sin(x +h)sinx 2eos mar inl 7 ~2eos| su = hob S30” Rsin@xPhysin x h-v0 sin(x #h)sinx =esexcorx * Derivative of f(x)=esex is £')" © scanned with OKEN ScannerrN o DIFFERENTIATION fea andl find its derivative, are on BA wes h pat OS aunrerent tha ge R pre ron teins ( ou fon) us rartve tt , Some aE atte Seams @ Lt how _ Semel He how h ; ch La an ahye 20408 2X, WE now &. Derivative of fix) ox2 8 PDAS i a ivative of ANP ign the first principle Pa 2: Vind the derivative ad a 2 toa i (x+h)+d cx+d etd =u laeme’ ) “yoohlextch+d extd (creaaememctestpeehD) I ey (extchtdyextd) ao {Sess pet l ci (exteh+dyex+d) | =u Af Mad=be ad hooh{ (ex teh +ayex+d) ) nao(ex teh +dy(ex +d) ad—be albe HOFMETD eRsa? ae eae cee Fx 3: Find the derivative of cosy from the definition, Sok : Misono ttaye uy Hatt Ly £88004) cos x i h hao h “ai a(S s ) [: 605C~cosD = ~tsin( 52 oS] z 1 =-2u n\oh snst(*+ 3 i : oe sinh - {2 0h 2 =n © scanned with OKEN Scannerative of sin2 fro rom the first Principle, n2x=atixth)= SiN2(+hp sna LO#N =O) | 2x 42h) : sind = 2a c cP in 2 J 1 pet 608(2x + h)sinth) ih 22 Lt cost28 +) aha 23 2cos(2x +0)(1)=2cos2x h ence prove ved that deriv ative of sin2x is 2c0s2x Josax=> fc+h)=cosa(x+h)=cos(ax+ah) [rs 22 | “pap: LOSEBDNH) & 1 SON ace oh h30 h 1 (ax + ah) +ax (ah + ah) a 2 aoa jn( OD] frosc-ms if. =-2 Lt —|sin| ooh ah 2-2 Lt sin{ ax += hoo ah] <2 ue 3 sinf ax +2 hin 2 J) bon 2pm a =-2sinter+0(5 asinax Lt 2 Joao Hence proved that derivative of cosax is~asinax 0) Find the derivative of tan2x from the first principle. a Leut(x)=tan2x) =ofe+hytan2cathy-tanx*20) f(x+h)-f) _ yy tan(2x + aay f= h h0 , rin vex tn28)- exsexransin| =u Hf sina 20S costa + 2h) E0828) ar cos(2x +2h) cos(2X), nooh a 1 snfiae e222 sin AcosB—cos Asin B nA-B)] “re ent 28)eOSE) ; a sinh yy o2- x. boo oh bce rame) ‘cos’ ix oe orp 20300 ple. wy ind the derivative of cotx from the first princip! © scanned with OKEN ScannerBY 9. DIFFERENTIATION G) tina ane der Sok, Let fix) = see38= fox ey FO) = if : ite errs Et oss | nh ct hoo sos 3x 0080 <| —Fos(3x + 3h) COS3x = Lyn] eostax + ahc0s3x (3h afr?) 8 =2 Lt UL oo ) 3sec3x.tan3x *~"c0s3xc0s3x __sinx+0)_ ‘cos(3x +0)cos3x 2 Z. Hence proved that derivative of sec3: (HW) Find the derivative of the function ® Find the derivative of cos2x from the first principle. Sol: Let£(x)=cos?x = flxth)=cos%(x+h) x is 3see3xtan3x f(x) = sec x from the first principle. [7P 21% prey ep, LOth)=f00) 2fYa)= Lh TS, [From the first principle] tu” +h)-cos?x a) h =sin[(x +h)+x)]sin{(x +h) —x] elt Heo? [ cos? A ~cos? B =—sin(A + B)sin(A-B)} hoo h == Lt sintax +p, 1 Sad sind) 10h = 7SIN(AX +0)(1) =—sin 2x Hence proved that derivative of cos?x is ~sin?. i s-sindx, [HW> Find the derivative of i x from the first principle [An © scanned with OKEN Scanneri gmaterial ssinxcatteth) XH) sin(xth)= x lsingxinyyy Hfsingxanyy AW, eee uf) a AH sna Fl 0) ae “eee Xysin(x +h) -sinx]+ Ly A sin(x +n) Lyn! 0 HDT nk tnx : uy Bi cos: Si alt An) sintx +h) 70) {8 s%}o!e 5) reo +2 hin | ur sin eny = abl 22 morn) = Le vil >(0+8 Al Lt sin(x-+hy 2 2 ho h h),, | sin” axcos{ x2} Le | 805 F Oe ( uf ms IK +N) = Zxcos(x +0), + sinx = xcosx + sinx. ) Find the derivative of Vx+T from the first principle, f - = Sate VETS Feo Lette, (ee St) y 0 h ho) h ut TWxth+ -Vxt+D(Vxth41 L+Vx+l) — Lt AG@+hel-(x+) “y30h Vxthtl+Vx41 “nooh Vx+h+l+dx41 h 1 = Lt —————— = Lt ——____ nv0h(Vx+h+l+Vx41) hoovx+h+14+Vx+1 1 ie Vasledx+l 2Vx+1 Find the derivative of x3 from the first princi f(x +h)-f(x) ak Let fo) a3 f(x) = I ei h 3 2 a = Gen? wy A asenenate ju aoa 0h 7 =u Yost saint. Lt x24 3xh + h2)=3x? + 3x(0) +0? = 3x? hoo Kx hoo Hence the derivative x? is 3x2 Ly Find the derivative of ax2+bx+e from the first principle|Ans: 2ax+b] | 7 P 204(4)] © scanned with OKEN ScannerON 9, DIFFERENTIATION 1x52 qorivable a? © Is the function 094 ip ¢>2 a [sot tts, xr2, fo) -f@ 2 Le => Sok LHD= ft2)= Ut oe govex-? Sol: LHI xe 2-2 EXP SX>2 5, f)-f@ 2 Lt > ie eu RHD= [24 = un, noe x 2. £(x) 8 not differentiabl _—aaeee eee fferentiable at zero or not fe at x =2 Here, LHD # RHD f el is dil Check whether the funetion given below iS ae if x20. fa)= R 3-x if. x<0 f@)-f© _ 4, G-N-3_ yp = Le Cy=-1 ar ee x30- So: LHD=f(0-)= Lt 0- = = f~O-fO _-,, GtN-3_ yy XL oe de Rup=rton= Ly SOO 2 yp Sa Ue oo Le Here, LHD#RHD —_-. f(x) is not differentiable at x =O x ifx<] ® Verify whether {(x)=13~ x if 1S x3 is differentiable at 1 and3 X°=4x43 if x>3, Sok (i) Atx=1 LHD=f (= Lt £@)-f) | Le EG=p_ eT Sa wy ean = f(x)-£ RHD=f U4)= Lp 1-10), G- aI = I G-x)-2 7 OT Sk eps lt Ix Here, LH.D# RUD ft) isnot roel Gi) Atx=3 LHD=f%3-)= 1, £60~t) ee - = ay BASE yoo oy RHDHF te uy Mey ay mes So4e49 9 Here, LHD# RID fs) isn ot xh Ae) able at x differenti 3 © scanned with OKEN ScannerPrinciple fil! 2 cotx> f(x+h)=cot{ af (sth) ' fox+h)-f(%) ur SEPA FO) = py o04 Af? 50 eh SEW cory h 1 cos(x+h) _cosx “pot sin(x+h) sinx lt hoh| (om eee eet Fyool b ‘ho sin(x +h).sinx £05(x +h). ( Cet Hsin x-sinta h).cos x sin(x +h).sinx } (sin +h=x) )_- = Hy sin(x + h)sin x Peon > marae ence proved that derivative of cotx is -cosec?x 4 Find the derivative of the function f(x) = sec x from the first principle atte) = seen flxth)=sectoth) wwe Lt fh) = Lt seo(x + h)=seex h0 h hoo h Bf a 1 cosx=eos(x+) Up come hy osx J n-s0f[ costx+ osx ' h osin( 2222" sin (hen Fe -u4 2 7 «+ eosC~cosD #25 i B<)) non cost +h)eOsx ope), tw fas Bt }»(3) sal a “Hon] enact hyeo 22 Lt] “costa + me08 L2H cape rmes too sins 7 ex.tan 8 Gosxcosx | cost ={_Sinx+0) 1s cos(x +Ojeosx’ Z Hence proved that de nx ative of seex i 5° Be © scanned with OKEN Scanner204 aq 9, DIFFERENTIATION inciple- 7 Find the derivative of sin?x from the first prince! sole Let) carpet size! )= FO) prom the Fst principle] (A + B)sin(A~B)) wpsinixth=4) pe sin? A-sin? B sinf(x +h) + =u h hoo , six h)sin(h) hoo h =u, sin(2x +h). Lt, in) giniax +900 = 807% Hence proved that derivative of sin2x is sin2x errr rere the first principle. Find the derivative of axt+bx+e from T Sol: Let fiyjraxtebxto=sftx)= Lt uy feeb=f 190 : * Ly rt + b(xth)te)-(ax*rbx<)] 1 ate ah [a(x?+2xhth?)}+bx+bh+c-ax*-bx-c] [ax?+2axhtah*+bx+bh+c-ax*-bx—c] aie hooh, 1 = Lt — [axhtah?+bh]= Lt Ah oh hook [2ax+ah+b] elt poo (22xtah#+b) = 2axtb - : lence proved that derivative of ax2+bx+e is 2ax+b | s d © scanned with OKEN Scanner