6. The beginning of old English literature. The epic poem Beowulf.

Today, English literature is one of the most popular college courses around the world. Before
English evolved into its modern form, it was so different that contemporary English speakers could not
understand it. This language is called Old English, and it is in Old English that the earliest works of
English literature were written. The earliest surviving work of English literature is a poem called
Beowulf, which was first written around 700, though it probably existed as an oral story for much
longer.

The Anglo-Saxon culture held the heroic epic in high regard. Beowulf is a poem that narrates
the heroic deeds of a legendary warrior and is an example of such a work. In a heroic epic, the
protagonist, who is a warrior, serves as a moral role model. Through his story, the ethical code and its
value and significance in a society can be examined. Stories were influential in teaching the ethical and
moral values that the Anglo-Saxons cherished. The heroic epic story form was a means of imparting
these values to subsequent generations and creating a shared sense of history.

Because literacy rates were low and stories were often passed down orally, Beowulf's lines are
alliterative to make them more memorable. It is unknown who wrote Beowulf, but it is thought that the
earliest surviving version was either written or heavily edited by some monks. Other notable works of
Old English literature include Caedmon's Hymn and The Dream of the Rood.

The epic "Beowulf" has many themes. A theme is an overarching idea or belief a story conveys.
The universal themes that are present in the epic contribute to the main theme of identity in some way.
There are many universal themes present in the epic, including the following: loyalty, the heroic code,
good versus evil, courage, forgiveness, revenge, mortality, reputation, and generosity.

Throughout the story of Beowulf, the concepts of strength and courage are demonstrated. The
Anglo-Saxons believed that courage alone was sometimes enough to change one's fate. The idea of fate
is a recurring theme in many religions and societies, which suggests that everyone's path is
predetermined, sometimes even by the gods. However, Beowulf believes that his courage and
unyielding strength are powerful enough to sway even this mystical force.

Later in the story, Beowulf shows his sense of honor when he decides to fight Grendel without a
sword or armor. He believes that this will put him on an equal footing with the monster, who also lacks
weapons and armor. This decision also highlights Beowulf's immense strength and skill in battle, as
Grendel had already killed many Danes.

In conclusion, English literature has come a long way from its origins in Old English. The early
works of literature, like Beowulf, offered a glimpse into the lives and values of the Anglo-Saxon
culture. The story of Beowulf teaches us that strength, courage, and honor can conquer even the most
daunting challenges, and that a strong sense of identity is essential for personal and societal growth.