3 - Thermochemical Equation & Heat Reaction

THERMOCHEMICAL
EQUATION AND HESS’S LAW
SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez
TOPIC: Thermochemical equation and Hess’s law ACTIVITY: Discussion and Seatwork
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Objectives: • define heat of reaction;
• discuss the thermochemical equation;
• solve thermochemical equation using Hess’s law; and
• solve for standard enthalpies of formation.
Let’s Review!
Chemistry 1 memories
•How do you balance a chemical equation?
•What is first considered when balancing an
equation?
How can we determine if there
is a change in enthalpy in a
certain chemical reaction?
What would be the stoichiometric
relationship between the reactants
and products in a chemical reaction?
These are important information that
must be communicated to understand
the thermodynamics of a chemical
equation and be able to make predictions
about the reaction based on the chemical
data.
In this lesson, you will learn how
to write thermochemical
equations, apply certain rules in
manipulating them, and represent
them as an enthalpy diagram.
THERMOCHEMICAL EQUATION
- are just like other balanced equations. If heat is absorbed in a reaction, it is written as a
REACTANT. If heat is released, it is written as a PRODUCT.
- It gives us information about the state of reactants and products and the energy changes
that accompany a chemical reaction
CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

THERMOCHEMICAL EQUATION
CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

The symbol (s) stands for the solid state, symbol (l ) stands for the liquid state, (g) for
the gaseous state, and (aq) stands for the aqueous state, which means dissolved in
water.
HEAT OF REACTION
- It is the enthalpy change for the chemical equation as it is indicated. This
written as ∆H.
CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

∆H = -65.2 kJ
Writing THERMOCHEMICAL EQUATION
CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

1. The change of enthalpy depends on the state of substances involved
in the reaction.
CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

∆H = -65.2 kJ
2. The change in enthalpy for the reverse reaction will have the same
magnitude as the forward reaction.
CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

∆H = -65.2 kJ
3. ΔH is an extensive property (is dependent on the amount of
substance).
Energy Diagrams
Exothermic Reaction
Enthalpy of the products is lower
than the enthalpy at the start of
the reaction.
Energy Diagrams
Endothermic Reaction
Enthalpy of the products is
higher than that of the reactants
Problems involving enthalpy changes are solved like
stoichiometry problems. The amount of heat absorbed
or released depends on the number of moles of the
reactants involved.
Example 1:
Calculate the amount of heat in kJ required to decompose 4
moles of Fe2O3.
Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 + 26.3 kJ

Example 2:
Calculate the amount of heat absorbed when 23 g of calcium
bromide is formed.
Ca + 2Br CaBr2
∆H= 67.34 kJ
PEER
SEATWORK
Seatwork: Group Activity
1. The decomposition of NaHCO3 is an endothermic reaction. How many kJ of
heat is required to decompose 2.5 moles of NaHCO3 ?
2𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3(𝑠) + 85𝑘𝐽 → 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3(𝑠) + 𝐻2 𝑂(ℓ) + 𝐶𝑂2
2. Calculate the amount of heat absorbed when 35 g of carbon disulfide is
formed.
𝐶(𝑠) + 2𝑆(𝑠) → 𝐶𝑆2(𝑠) ∆H = 89.3 kJ
3. Determine how much energy is given off when 222.41 g of N2 reacts in the
following thermochemical equation.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) ∆= −91.8 kJ
4. Solve how much heat is given off when 1.00 g of H2 reacts in the following
thermochemical equation:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) ∆= −91.8 kJ
5. How many kilojoules are given off when 17.81 mol of 𝐶𝐻4(𝑔) react in the
following equation?
𝐶𝐻4(𝑔) + 2𝑂2(𝑔) → 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔) + 2𝐻2 𝑂(ℓ) ∆= −562.12 𝑘𝐽
6. How many kilojoules are given off when 8.32 mol of Mg react in the following
equation?
2𝑀𝑔(𝑠) + 𝑂2(𝑔) → 2𝑀𝑔𝑂 𝑠 ∆= −1,213 𝑘𝐽
7. How much energy is given off when 288 g of Fe are produced, given the
following thermochemical equation?
2𝐴𝑙(𝑠) + 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3(𝑠) → 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3(𝑠) + 2𝐹𝑒(𝑠) ∆= −850.120 𝑘𝐽
8. How much energy is absorbed when 85.23 g of 𝐶𝑂2 are reacted in the
following thermochemical equation?
2𝐶𝑂2(𝑔) → 2𝐶𝑂 𝑔 + 𝑂2(𝑔) ∆= 566 𝑘𝐽
Quiz: Write YAZ if the statement is correct while
NU-UH if the statement is incorrect.
1. The symbol in thermochemical equation stands for the states
of matter of the elements or compound.
2. In computing heat of reaction if the given is moles you must
solve for the molar mass of the compound.
3. The change in enthalpy for the reverse reaction will have the
same magnitude as the forward reaction.
Quiz: Write YAZ if the statement is correct while
NU-UH if the statement is incorrect.
4. The amount of heat absorbed or released depends on the
number of moles of the reactants involved.
5. In exothermic reaction the enthalpy of the products is
higher than that of the reactants.
ANSWERS
Correct Answers:
1. Yaz
2. Nu-uh
3. Yaz
4. Yaz
5. Nu-uh
Reflect on ME: Write your answers at the back
of ¼ sheet of paper.
By manipulating the thermochemical equation, we can
calculate the heat of reaction when it cannot be measured
directly. As a Filipino who wants to show nationalism, if you
were given the opportunity to change or manipulate one of
our traditions, what would it be and why? (PERDEV)
Assignment: Research the following
1. Definition of Hess’s law.

2. What is the connection between Hess’s law and
Enthalpy?
3. Give at least 2 examples of real-life application of
Hess’s law.
Some chemical reactions occur very slow or have other side reactions
that produce byproducts. These occurrences make it difficult to
experimentally obtain the change in enthalpy for some reactions.
How can you determine the enthalpy change for
the reaction?
𝐶(𝑠,𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑) → 𝐶(𝑠,𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒) ∆H=?
DIAMOND GRAPHITE
HESS’S LAW
•This law states that the enthalpy change of an overall reaction is the
sum of the enthalpy changes of its individual steps.
•To determine the heat of reaction indirectly using Hess’s law of heat
summation.
Example 1:
Equation of interest:
𝐶(𝑠,𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑) → 𝐶(𝑠,𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒) ∆H=?
Given:
1. 𝐶(𝑠,𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒) + 𝑂2(𝑔) → 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔) ∆H= -393.5 kJ
2. 𝐶(𝑠,𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑) + 𝑂2(𝑔) → 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔) ∆H= -395.4 kJ
Example 2:
1
𝑁𝑂(𝑔) + 𝑂2(𝑔) → 𝑁𝑂2(𝑔) ∆H=?
2
Given:
1
1. 𝑁2(𝑔) + 𝑂2(𝑔) → 𝑁𝑂2(𝑔) ∆H= 33.18 kJ
2
1 1
2. 𝑁2(𝑔) + 𝑂2(𝑔) → 𝑁𝑂(𝑔) ∆H= -90.37 kJ
2 2
Example 3:
𝐶𝐻4(𝑔) + 𝑁𝐻3(𝑔) → 𝐻𝐶𝑁(𝑔) + 3𝐻2(𝑔) ∆H=?
Given:
1. 𝑁2(𝑔) + 3𝐻2(𝑔) → 2𝑁𝐻3(𝑔) ∆H= -91.8 kJ
2. 𝐶𝑠 + 2𝐻2(𝑔) → 𝐶𝐻4(𝑔) ∆H= -74.9 kJ
3. 𝐻2(𝑔) + 2𝐶𝑠 + 𝑁2(𝑔) → 2𝐻𝐶𝑁(𝑔) ∆H= 270.3 kJ
Example 4:
2C(s) + H2(g) −−−> C2H2(g) ∆H=?
Given:
1. C2H2(g) + 5⁄2O2(g) ---> 2CO2(g) + H2O(ℓ) ΔH° = −1299.5 kJ
2. C(s) + O2(g) ---> CO2(g) ΔH° = −393.5 kJ
3. H2(g) + 1⁄2O2(g) ---> H2O(ℓ) ΔH° = −285.8 kJ
Example 5:
HCl(g) + NaNO2(s) → HNO2(ℓ) + NaCl(s) ∆H=?
Given:
1. 2NaCl(s) + H2O(ℓ) → 2HCl(g) + Na2O(s) ∆H= -54 kJ
2. NO(g) + NO2(g) + Na2O(s) → 2NaNO2(s) ∆H= 890 kJ
3. NO(g) + NO2(g) → N2O(g) + O2(g) ∆H= 491 kJ
4. 2HNO2(ℓ) → N2O(g) + O2(g) + H2O(ℓ) ∆H= -190.88 kJ

3 - Thermochemical Equation & Heat Reaction

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3 - Thermochemical Equation & Heat Reaction

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THERMOCHEMICAL

EQUATION AND HESS’S LAW

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

CaO (s) + H2O (l ) → Ca(OH) 2 (s)

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 + 26.3 kJ

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

1. Definition of Hess’s law.

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

𝐶(𝑠,𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑) → 𝐶(𝑠,𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒) ∆H=?

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

SUBJECT: General Chemistry 2 TEACHER: Ma. Rossynette I. Fernandez

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