INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
SEMESTER II 2023 − 24
MTL 507 (TOPOLOGY)
TUTORIAL SHEET 2
Instructor: Biplab Basak Date: 13/01/2024

Product topology, Closed set, Hausdorff spaces

Problem 1: Show that the countable collection {(a, b) × (c, d) : a < b&c < d and a, b, c, d
are rational} is a basis for R2 with usual topology.
Problem 2: Show that the dictionary order topology on the set R2 is the same as the
product topology Rd × R, where Rd denotes R in the discrete topology. Compare this
topology with the standard topology on R2 .
Problem 3: Let I = [0, 1]. Compare the product topology on I × I, the dictionary order
topology on I × I, and the topology I × I inherits as a subspace of R2 in the dictionary
order topology.
Problem 4: Show that if A is closed in X and B is closed in Y ; then A × B is closed in
X ×Y.
Problem 5: Let A and B denote subsets of a space X. Prove the following.
(a) If A ⊂ B then Ā ⊂ B̄,
(b) A ∪ B = Ā ∪ B̄,
(c) A ∩ B ̸= Ā ∩ B̄.

Problem 6: Let A ⊂ X and B ⊂ Y . Show that in the space X × Y , A × B = Ā × B̄.

Problem 7: Show that a topological space X is Hausdorff if and only if the diagonal
∆ = {(x; x) : x ∈ X} is closed in X × X.
Problem 8: Let Aα denote subsets of a topological space X. Show that ∪α Āα ⊂ ∪α Aα .
Also show by an example that equality may fail.
Problem 9: In the finite complement topology on R, to what point or points does the
sequence {xn }∞ 1
n=1 (where xn = n ) converge?

Problem 10: Consider the following topologies on R.

(a) τ1 = the standard topology,
(b) τ2 = the topology of RK ,
(c) τ3 = the finite complement topology,
(d) τ4 = the lower limit topology.
Which of the above topologies satisfy the Hausdorff axiom?
Problem 11: Suppose that f : X → Y is continuous. If x is a limit point of the subset A
of X, is it necessarily true that f (x) is a limit point of f (A)?